Backyard Poultry

Safe Eggs Start with Strong Shells

Flock Management : Layer Nutrition

Flock Management : Egg Production

Patrick Biggs, Ph.D.

Nutritionist, Companion Animal Technical Solutions

Strong shells matter because they impact egg safety. Strong eggshells are better able to keep bacteria out. One way to help keep eggs safe is by feeding hens a layer feed that includes Oyster Strong® System for shell strength.Laying hens need calcium from Purina<sup>®</sup> Oyster Strong™ System to produce farm fresh eggs with strong eggshells.

Sunny side up, over easy or hard boiled? Think about the last time you made eggs. Did the shell break in a crisp, perfect line or was the crack more of a crumble and shatter? If it was the first, your eggshells are strong and protective. If it was the second, your backyard hens could use a calcium boost.
Strong shells are an important part of egg safety. When we raise backyard chickens, we are ultimately producing a consumable food product: farm fresh eggs. As flock raisers, it’s our responsibility to produce eggs as safely as we can. One way to help keep eggs safe is by feeding hens for shell strength. Strong shells help keep bacteria out and eggs protected.

Strong eggshells keep bacteria out

Shell strength is determined by two primary factors: thickness and pore size.
Let’s start by looking at the shell under a microscope. A strong eggshell is about 0.3 millimeters thick and has between 7,000 and 17,000 tiny pores1. These pores work to allow oxygen, carbon dioxide and moisture to pass through, but to keep bacteria out.
Eggshells with larger pores or thinner shells have less protective power. A strong shell can help deflect bad bacteria, while bacteria can fit through the larger pores of a weak shell.
The shell is then covered by a thin coating called the bloom, or cuticle, for added protection. Just inside the shell, the inner and outer membranes provide yet another layer of defense.
These protective shields work together to keep the contents of an egg safe and healthy. However, none of these barriers are effective unless you start with a strong eggshell; it’s the egg’s first line of defense.

How to get strong eggshells

Realizing the importance of shell strength, many researchers have considered the connection between chicken layer feed and shell formation. The major player in the equation is calcium. Once laid, an eggshell includes 2 grams of calcium. To get this level and still maintain strong bones, a hen requires 4 grams of calcium – all of which must come from her layer feed.
The team at the Purina Animal Nutrition Center recently looked at two different calcium variables during on-farm trials: 1. Calcium in conjunction with other minerals; and 2. How quickly a chicken digests calcium.
The first finding showed that adding trace minerals, such as manganese, into layer feed can contribute to more than double the shell strength of diets without trace minerals.2
Next, the team looked at calcium digestion and slow-release versus fast-release calcium. It takes 20 hours for a hen to make an eggshell, with calcium needed the entire time. Therefore, both forms of calcium are required. Providing only a fast-release calcium source, like eggshells or foraged foods, can leave a calcium deficiency when a hen is sleeping.

Layer feeds that include Oyster Strong® System take both learnings into account. The added calcium in Purina® Layena® and Purina® Layena® Plus Omega-3 have larger particle size to release calcium slowly and added trace minerals for extra shell strength. This provides essential calcium during the entire 20-hour egg formation process so you can collect safe, strong-shelled eggs each morning.
Ready to try Purina® layer poultry feed containing the Oyster Strong® System? Sign-up for the Feed Greatness® Challenge

1 “How thick is an eggshell? “University of California-Santa Barbara. 11 September 2017.
Purina Experiment – L84-PF44, 1984