Sociology study Guide Essay

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Sociology 1
Test 1 Review

Social Variables (S.V.): elements in the life of a person that tells you why things happen, and why they do the things they do. EX: race, age, social class, sexual orientation, military status, occupation, finances, marital status, nationality (Ethnicity), color, location, environment, health, religion, education, family.

Components of culture: material culture & non-material culture. Normative culture: behavior pattern, cognitive culture.

Culture: all that human being learns to do, to use, to produce, to know and believe as they grow and mature in a society. **Blue print for living. (Norms, values, and rules)

Karl Marx: theory based on the industrial revolution. He looks at society and thinks we shall be protestant sociologist.
- Bring about social change.

Emile Durkheim: writer in Europe. One of the first sociologists. Study of suicide.

Folkways: custom, traditions. (Ordinary and socially correct behavior.) ** Not encoded into laws.

Ethnocentrism: the judging of other cultures behavior based on your own.
-The believe your culture/society is better than any other.

Values: good, right, desirable, and important.

Cultural relativism: is the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself.

Symbols: Every culture has its own set of symbols associated with different experiences and perceptions. The most powerful of all human symbols is language—a system of verbal and sometimes written representations that are culturally specific and convey meaning about the world.

Counter culture: odds with the dominant culture. A way of life and set of attitudes opposed to or at variance with the prevailing social norm.

"The idealists of the 60s counterculture"
Culture shock: the impact you may feel when you enter a culture very different from one to which you are accustomed.

Culture Universals: certain things will be found in every culture.
Morés: obligatory! Morally important, encoded into laws, ethical code, and social order. Acculturation: keeping old norms and values but will adjust to new norms/ values.

Taboos: - murder: no exception in committing murder.
Pedophilia: sex with children.
Necrophilia: sex with death bodies.
Beastiality: having sex with animals.
Incest: having sexual relationship with relatives.
Norms: the social control of