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Evidence of Evolution.

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Presentation on theme: "Evidence of Evolution."— Presentation transcript:

1 Evidence of Evolution

2 What is Evolution? The change of a species population over generations

3 What is Natural Selection?
Organisms best suited to the environment reproduce more successfully Over generations, favorable traits increase in the population; unfavorable traits decrease

4 DARWIN Survival of The Fittest
Fossil Record Biogeography DARWIN EVIDENCE? Comparative Anatomy RESEARCH? Survival of The Fittest Comparative Embryology Biochemistry/ DNA

5 “CElia and FRed Bought CAndy Before Dinner”
CE – Comparative Embryology FR – Fossil Record Bg – Biogeography CA – Comparative Anatomy BD – Biochemistry/DNA

6 Dating of Fossils Relative Dating Absolute Dating
Fossils in the lower layers of the Earth are older and less complex than fossils in the upper layers Absolute Dating Age is determined by measuring the amount of radioactive evidence Carbon 12 versus Carbon 14 Half-life

7 Fossil Evidence

8 Biogeography Study and comparison of fossils and living organisms and where they are located (geographical distribution) Animals on islands look like others on the closest land mass rather than far away distances

9 Comparative Anatomy Homologous Structures Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures Embryonic Structures

10 Homologous Structures
Same structure, but different function Originated from a common or shared ancestor Example: human and penguin arms

11 Homologous Structures
Very similar skeletal structures

12 Analogous Structures Same functions, but different structures
Find a similar solutions to same problem Example: bird and bee wings

13 Analogous Structures Both organisms can hover to feed on flowers, but there is NO ANATOMICAL OR EMBRYOLOGICAL SIMILARITY between the wings. Their wings evolved independently and differently.

14 Vestigial Structures Functionless structure that occurs in present-day organisms, but had function in an ancient species Examples Tailbone and appendix in humans Pelvic bone in whales and snakes



17 Embryonic Development (Embryology)
Similar structures are found in embryos of different species. This shows that they share a common ancestor.

18 Embryonic Development (Embryology)
Each embryo had gill slits and a tail in the early stages of development

19 Biochemistry and DNA In organisms, amino acid sequences are very similar, BUT not exact. Example – Hemoglobin The more similar the homologous proteins in different species, the more closely related

20 Patterns of Evolution Coevolution
The change in two or more species in close association with each other Example: Humming bird and the flower of the plant it feeds on Butterfly and the flower of the plant it feeds on

21 Coevolution

22 Patterns of Evolution Convergent evolution
Unrelated species can develop similar characteristics Example: shark, penguin, and porpoise share similar characteristics that suit their environment Long stream-lined body Fins that match in appearance and function

23 Convergent Evolution

24 Patterns of Evolution Divergent evolution
Two or more related populations or species become more dissimilar over time (they adapt to their environment) Example: finches have different beaks due to different environments/food sources

25 Divergent Evolution

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