Raptor Involved in the control of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity which regulates cell growth and survival, and autophagy in response to nutrient and hormonal signals; functions as a scaffold for recruiting mTORC1 substrates. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino acids. Growth factor-stimulated mTORC1 activation involves a AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of TSC1-TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase that potently activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Amino acid-signaling to mTORC1 requires its relocalization to the lysosomes mediated by the Ragulator complex and the Rag GTPases. Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. mTORC1 phosphorylates EIF4EBP1 and releases it from inhibiting the elongation initiation factor 4E (eiF4E). mTORC1 phosphorylates and activates S6K1 at 'Thr-389', which then promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating PDCD4 and targeting it for degradation. Involved in ciliogenesis. Belongs to the WD repeat RAPTOR family. Highly expressed in skeletal muscle, and in a lesser extent in brain, lung, small intestine, kidney and placenta. Isoform 3 is widely expressed, with highest levels in nasal mucosa and pituitary and lowest in spleen. 3 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.
Protein type: Adaptor/scaffold
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11|11 E2
Cellular Component:  cytoplasm; cytoplasmic stress granule; cytosol; lysosome; nucleoplasm; TORC1 complex
Molecular Function:  14-3-3 protein binding; protein binding; protein binding, bridging; protein kinase activator activity; protein kinase binding; protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity; protein-containing complex binding; RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter DNA binding; RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter DNA binding; RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter DNA binding; TFIIIC-class transcription factor complex binding
Biological Process:  cellular response to amino acid stimulus; cellular response to leucine; cellular response to nutrient levels; cellular response to starvation; negative regulation of insulin secretion; positive regulation of cell growth; positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity; positive regulation of TOR signaling; positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III; regulation of cell growth; regulation of cell size; regulation of phosphorylation; regulation of protein phosphorylation; TOR signaling; TORC1 signaling
Reference #:  Q8K4Q0 (UniProtKB)
Alt. Names/Synonyms: 4932417H02Rik; mKIAA1303; OTTMUSP00000004362; p150 target of rapamycin (TOR)-scaffold protein; Raptor; regulatory associated protein of MTOR, complex 1; Regulatory-associated protein of mTOR; Rptor
Gene Symbols: Rptor
Molecular weight: 149,471 Da
Basal Isoelectric point: 6.43  Predict pI for various phosphorylation states
CST Pathways:  AMPK Signaling  |  Autophagy Signaling  |  Insulin Receptor Signaling  |  mTOR Signaling  |  PI3K/Akt Signaling  |  T Cell Receptor Signaling  |  Translation: eIF4E and p70S6K
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