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In December 2015, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) replaced No Child Left Behind as the federal law for K–12 education. Title II of ESSA, which provides states with funding for initiatives that will increase student achievement and the quality and effectiveness of teachers and school leaders, encourages states to develop programs such as a multi-tier system of supports^ (MTSS).

MTSS uses data from frequent progress monitoring to help educators quickly respond to students’ needs and provide targeted instruction and support to prevent failure. The framework includes tiers of support that increase in intensity from one level to the next. RTI and positive behavioral interventions and supports^ (PBIS) are both examples of MTSS.