Image: Peter Higgs at the Large Hadron Collider
Alan Wal / University of Edinburgh
British physicist Peter Higgs maintains that particle known as "Higgs boson" will be found when the Large Hadron Collider, where he is shown here, starts fully operating early next year.
updated 9/8/2008 12:26:28 PM ET 2008-09-08T16:26:28



The multibillion-dollar Large Hadron Collider, under construction since 2003, is expected to start operating this summer at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, known by the French acronym CERN.

It likely will take several months before the hundreds of scientists from around the world are ready to start smashing together protons to study their composition.



Subatomic competition
The massive new CERN collider, which has been installed in a 17-mile-round (27-kilometer-round) circular tunnel under the Swiss-French border, will be more powerful still and will be better able to show what particles are created in the collisions of beams of protons traveling at the speed of light.

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The new Geneva collider will re-create the rapidly changing conditions in the universe a split second after the Big Bang. It will be the closest that scientists have come to the event that they theorize was the beginning of the universe. They hope the new equipment will enable them to study particles and forces yet unobserved.

But Fermilab still has time to be first if it can show that it has discovered the Higgs boson, Higgs said.

Nobel laureate Leon Lederman dubbed the theoretical boson "the God particle" years ago because its discovery could unify understanding of particle physics and help humans "know the mind of God."

Higgs told reporters he is hoping to receive confirmation of his theory by the time he turns 80 in May 2009.

If not, he added, "I'll just have to ask my GP to keep me alive a bit longer" — referring to his general practitioner, not the God particle, a term he does not embrace because he fears it might offend some people.

The origin of mass
Higgs predicted the existence of the boson while working at the University of Edinburgh to explain how atoms — and the objects they make up — have mass.

Without the particle, the basic physics theory known as the "Standard Model" lacks a crucial element, because it fails to explain how subatomic particles such as quarks and electrons have varying amounts of mass.

The Higgs theory is that the bosons create a field through which the other particles pass. The particles that encounter difficulty going through the field, as though they were passing through molasses, exhibit more mass. Those that pass through more easily are lighter.

Higgs said he would be "very, very puzzled" if the particle is never found, because he could not imagine what else could explain how particles get mass.

Higgs said initial reaction to his ideas in the early 1960s was skeptical.

"My colleagues thought I was a bit of an idiot," he said, noting that his initial paper explaining how his theory worked was rejected by an editor at CERN.

He said a colleague spent the summer at CERN right after he did his work on the theory.

"He came back and said, 'At CERN they didn't see that what you were talking about had much to do with particle physics.'

"I then added on some additional paragraphs and sent it off across the Atlantic to Physical Review Letters, who accepted it. The mention of what became known as the Higgs boson was part of the extra which was added on."



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