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  • Newcastle upon Tyne, commonly known as Newcastle, and historically known as Newcastle-on-Tyne, is a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, North East England, situated on the north bank of the River Tyne and centred 8.5 mi from the North Sea. It is the most populous city in North East England. The city lies at the urban core of the Tyneside conurbation, which is the seventh most populous conurbation in the United Kingdom and the most populous in the North East region. Newcastle is a member of the English Core Cities Group and with Gateshead the Eurocities network of European cities. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400 when it became a county of itself; a status it retained until becoming part of the Tyne and Wear metropolitan county in 1974. The city grew up in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, and it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert, Duke of Normandy, "Curthose", William the Conqueror's eldest son. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. Wikipedia

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