BME103:T130 Group 3 l2

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BME 103 Fall 2012 Home
Lab Write-Up 1
Lab Write-Up 2
Lab Write-Up 3
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Name: Serena KaplanResearch and Development
Name: Serena Kaplan
Research and Development
Name: Gabe McInnisOpen PCR Machine Engineer
Name: Gabe McInnis
Open PCR Machine Engineer
Name: Blake EichlerExperimental Protocol Planner
Name: Blake Eichler
Experimental Protocol Planner
Name: Sierra MorrisExperimental Protocol Planner
Name: Sierra Morris
Experimental Protocol Planner
Name: Zazu MoloiOpen PCR Machine Engineer
Name: Zazu Moloi
Open PCR Machine Engineer
Name: Katelin VaughnResearch and Development
Name: Katelin Vaughn
Research and Development


Thermal Cycler Engineering

Our re-design is based upon the Open PCR system that was originally designed by Josh Perfetto and Tito Jankowski.

System Design


Key Features
The specific feature being focused on to improve the Open PCR Machine is the heating and cooling aspect of the PCR machine. The main alteration of the machine would be to change the material used on the heat sink and heating pad to copper. This would allow for a much quicker change in temperature while the machine is running. Therefore, the heating and cooling phases of the cycles would be attained faster, thus cutting the time of a full PCR efficiently. The material change from a zinc alloy to copper would make heating and cooling the cycles of the PCR machine much quicker because copper is the most electrically conductive metal.

There was only a change in the material that is used to make the heat sink and heating pad, so the assembly instruction will remain the same as the original design.



Supplied in the Kit
PCR Machine
10μM forward primer
10μM reverse primer
GoTaq master mix
Supplied by the User
Template DNA
Distilled Water
Eppendorf Tubes

PCR Protocol

5.) Finally, they are heated back to seventy-two degrees Celsius (72°C) for ten (10) seconds, and polymerase extends the DNA strands by attaching the correct free nucleotides in order on the single strands.

DNA Measurement Protocol

Fluorimeter Setup
1.) The lid was first taken off the box and one of its sides was unbuttoned in order to create a flap.
2.) The box was then flipped upside down in order to create a dark environment for the camera.

Fluorimeter Measurements
1.) Label transfer pipettes and tubes
2.) Transfer each sample separately into a tube containing 400μl of buffer
3.) Take the specifically labeled tube containing SYBR GREEN 1 and place two drops on the first two centered drops
4.) Place two drops of diluted sample on top of the SYBR GREEN 1 drop
5.) Align light through drop
6.) Take pictures using light box
7.) Repeat for each sample.
8.) Run water as BLANK using same procedure

ImageJ Instructions
1.) Open ImageJ
2.) Click ANALYZE tool bar and select SET MEASUREMENTS
4.) Upload image to ImageJ
5.) Select IMAGE then COLOR and then SPLIT CHANNELS
6.) Only use green channel
8.) Go to ANALYZE and then MEASURE
9.) Drag circle to the background of the image
10.) Record results
11.) Repeat if necessary or needed

Research and Development

Background on Disease Markers

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), 137852571, that is being examined in this experiment is linked with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and Kennedy Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy. Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome occurs when a person who is genetically male (who has one X and one Y chromosome) is resistant to male hormones (called androgens). As a result, the person has some or all of the physical traits of a female, but the genetic makeup of a male. The mutation on the X chromosome makes the body unable to respond to the hormones that produce a male appearance. Kennedy Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease resulting in muscle cramps and progressive weakness due to degeneration of motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. The SNP is located on the X chromosome and affects the gene AR, the gene is inherited in an x-linked recessive manner therefore only males can be fully affected by the mutation and females are rarely affected. The sequence of this gene is:

SNP located at:5,255,325
Missense GTG→ATG
Chromosome X

Primer Design

Normal: G mutates into cancer A

reverse primer:

Forward primer starts at 5,255,175:


Bayesian Equation


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