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Miracle of the Human Body

Miracle of the Human Body: The Skeletal System Running Time: 0:29:00
Chapter List
1.) Introduction
00:01:07Humans are vertebrates with a unique shape.
2.) Spine
00:04:04The spine or the backbone is made up of vertebrae, vertebral bodies, which protect the spinal cord, and there are five regions - cervical, thorax, the thoracic spine or thoracic vertebrae, lumbar spine, sacrum and coccyx.
3.) Bones
00:03:22Human bones come in many shapes and sizes and include the longest and strongest, the leg bones, made up of the femur or thigh bone, the tibia and fibula, ankle and foot bones, made up of the tarsals, meta tarsals and phalanges, and wrist and hand bones made up of carpals, meta carpals and phalanges.
4.) Bone Composition
00:02:52The bone composition which includes a the cortical layer and the bone shaft , makes bones an engineering marvel.
5.) Protective Function of Bone
00:01:13Bones also serve a protective function, such as the rib cage and sternum, or breast bone, which protect the heart and lungs.
6.) Pelvis Anatomy
00:01:53The pelvis, or hips, in either a male or female is a ring of bones connecting the two femurs, or femural heads, to the spine, and at the same time it protects the pelvic organs through its large bones and pubic symphysis.
7.) Skull
00:01:57There are many kinds of bone joints - pivot joints, ball and socket joints, hinge joints, such as the knee with its patella, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and gliding joints.
8.) Bone Joints
00:03:55Cartilage helps joints to slide and protects joints from getting arthritis.
9.) Cartilage
00:01:04Bone diseases include arthritis and osteo arthritis which are inflammations of the bones, and bone degenerative problems that can lead to such surgeries as hip replacement.
10.) Bone Diseases
00:01:58Bone diseases include arthritis and osteo arthritis which are inflammations of the bones, and bone degenerative problems that can lead to such surgeries as hip replacement.
11.) The Living Bone
00:02:21The living bone is made up of connective tissue, blood vessels a rich mineral layer known as cortical bone, spongy bone and bone marrow which is a blood factory producing blood cells for the body..
12.) Conclusion
00:01:00The human skeleton is a brilliantly functional system that gives humans their basic body plan.
Miracle of the Human Body: The Muscular SystemRunning Time: 0:29:00
Chapter List
1.) Introduction
00:02:26This is an introduction to muscles and how they move the bones of the skeleton and animate the body.
2.) Lever Principle
00:03:20Muscles work by the lever principle, like a teeter totter plank on a fulcrum, so that the bones are the rods or planks, the joints are the pivot points or the fulcrums and muscles supply the force, and there are first class, second class and third class levers with the muscles working in pairs.
3.) Muscle and Bone Anatomy
00:01:43Using the knee joint and the patella, we can see how muscles and bones work together, with the powerful hamstring muscles and the quadriceps muscles making a third class lever; and by moving onto the arm we see this also in the radius is connected by the bicep muscle and the ulna and humerus bones are connected by the tricep muscles.
4.) Muscle Chemistry
00:00:59Muscles need energy to work and they use chemical energy stored as glycogen - a form of sugar - which is converted in the muscles cells with ATP adenosine triphosphate.
5.) How Muscles Work
00:01:43Muscle are made up of two kinds of muscle fibers - actin filaments and myosin filaments, which work together to make muscles contract.
6.) Muscular Anatomy and Physiology
00:04:50This chapter looks at the different kinds of muscles from the head to the feet, including the masseter or jaw muscle, the trapezius which rotates the shoulder blade, the pectoral muscles, the deltoids, intercostals, latissimus dorsi, abdominal obliques, gluteus maximus, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius and soleus or calf muscles.
7.) Tendons, Ligaments and Fascia
00:02:44Tendons are part of the skeletal muscles and are made up of tenocytes and collagen proteins, while ligaments are composed of collagen fibers and fascia connects skin to muscles and deep fascia covers the muscles and organs.
8.) Knee Anatomy
00:01:12In dissecting the knee, we see quadriceps muscles inserting into a tendon that inserts into the patella which articulates with the femur, as well as the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament.
9.) Muscle Disease
00:01:46Muscle diseases can be common complaints such as tennis elbow or something more serious such as a rupture of the Achilles tendon which is attached between the ankle and the calf or gastrocnemius muscles.
10.) Muscles and Exercise
00:03:04A body builder through exercise can increase his muscle mass which increases the BMR or Basal Metabolic Rate.
11.) Involuntary Muscles
00:01:13Involuntary muscles are called smooth muscles and they include the cardiac or heart muscle.
12.) Conclusion
00:01:44Exercise can reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack and helps to manage blood pressure.
Miracle of the Human Body: The Nervous SystemRunning Time: 0:29:00
Chapter List
1.) Evolution of the Brain
00:04:02Brainpower has reached its highest level with primates and humans have the greatest brainpower of all.
2.) The Three Components of the Nervous System
00:02:02The three components of the nervous system are the central nervous system, made up of the brain and the spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system and the autonomic nervous system, which controls heart rate and blood pressure.
3.) Brain Anatomy
00:06:39The delicate brain is protected by the skull and the meninges and is made up of the cerebrum divided into the right and left hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum with an outer layer gray matter called the cerebral cortex, while beneath the gray matter is white matter, and each cerebral hemisphere is made up of the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, where the primary visual cortex resides, and temporal lobe.
4.) Primitive Brain
00:01:48In the lower back portion of the brain is the cerebellum and then the more primitive brain which includes the thalamus, the hypo thalamus, the brain stem and the master gland known as the pituitary gland.
5.) Brain Waves
00:05:17With an electroencephalogram we can study the brain's nerve system cells, cells that have branches, called dendrites, that carry nerve impulses, and we can see the neural pathways, where an electrical impulse passes from one neuron to another on what is called a synapse, where the electrical charge jumps from one axon to a dendrite by an electrical charge buildup involving sodium ions.
6.) Nervous System Diseases
00:01:19A Stroke is a nervous system disorder usually caused by a blockage in a blood vessel to or in the brain.
7.) Spinal Cord Anatomy
00:03:09The spinal cord is made up of nerve fibers that control the body's limbs, organs and reflexes; and the spinal cord is made up of the spinus processes of the vertebral column, the dura mater, nerve fibers themselves in bundles known as the spinus ganglion or spinal ganglion.
8.) Conclusion
00:02:06Whether the brain is the source of consciousness and mind is open for debate.
Miracle of the Human Body: The Cardiovascular SystemRunning Time: 0:29:00

The cardio vascular system's heart, blood vessels, blood, platelets arteries, and veins are discussed in this chapter.

Chapter List
1.) Arteries and Veins
00:10:29This chapter discusses the blood vessels - arteries and veins, including the femoral artery, renal artery, carotid artery, celiac and mesenteric arteries, pulmonary arteries, coronary arteries, veins, jugular vein, Vena Cavae, capillaries and capillary beds, as well as heart attacks, the pulmonary circuit, systemic circuit and de-oxygenated blood.
2.) The Heart
00:08:10The heart and its heart beat can be listened to by a stethoscope, which can provide a doctor information on the aortic valve, ventricles, heart valves, heart chambers, atria, heart rhythm, while blood pressure measurements and an EKG, Electro-cardio-gram, can give information about the systemic circuit, blood pressure and a possible tachycardic heart rhythm.
3.) Blood
00:02:45Blood, which can be found at a blood bank, contains plasma, red blood cells, which get their color from, hemoglobin, white blood cells and platelets, which help in blood clotting.
4.) Cardiovascular Anatomy
00:03:01Using a cadaver to show cardio vascular anatomy, a doctor describes the pericardial sac, lungs, heart, ventricles, systemic circuit, aorta, blood vessels, veins, arteries, kidneys and iliac vessels.
Miracle of the Human Body: The Respiratory SystemRunning Time: 0:29:00
Chapter List
1.) Breathing
00:08:45Breathing is the exhale and inhale of air into our lungs in the chest cavity and can be measured as our lung capacity, seen as vital lung capacity and total lung capacity, and it is a process that uses two sets of muscles, the diaphragm and chest muscles, and it is controlled by the a region of the brain called the breathing center.
2.) Air Passageway
00:03:01The air passageway includes the pharynx, the windpipe, the larynx, or vocal chords, the trachea and the epiglottis, a flexible flap that separates food to the stomach and air to the lungs.
3.) Respiratory Structures
00:02:38Using an endoscope, we can look at the respiratory structures of the air passageway and see the hair filters of the nose, the pharynx, the epiglottis, the vocal chords, the trachea, the primary bronchus, which splits the air into the left and right lungs and each bronchus.
4.) Gas Exchange
00:05:18The gas exchange, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged takes place in the lungs in an ingenious way with the pulmonary circuit of the cardiovascular system where the heart pushes carbon dioxide blood through the pulmonary artery into the lungs and to the alveoli and the capillary beds.
5.) Exhalation
00:02:57Exhalation happens when the intercostal-muscles and diaphragm relax and expand, and at the same time, exhalation is used by the vocal chords to produce sounds.
6.) Respiratory Disease
00:01:57There are many respiratory disorders, including, flu or flus, pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and lung cancer, and tarred lungs which is a visible sign of smoker's lung.
7.) Conclusion
00:02:06The respiratory system works for many years in spite of self induced hazardous behaviors such as smoking and living in polluted air.
Miracle of the Human Body: The Digestive and Renal SystemsRunning Time: 0:29:00
Chapter List
1.) Introduction
00:00:43We need food to survive.
2.) Food and the Bioweb of Energy
00:02:34Food provides energy for the body to work, and animals fall into three categories, herbivores or plant eaters, carnivores or meat eaters, and omnivores who eat a diversity of many things both plant and animal.
3.) Digestive Organs
00:01:47The digestive organs of the human body begin with the mouth, esophagus, small intestine, where food which is now largely a liquid known as chyme passes to the large intestine and eventually the rectum and anus, and at the same time the liver, gall bladder, pancreas are also located in the abdominal cavity
4.) Food Processes and the Upper Digestive Tract
00:07:20The lower digestive track is made up of the cecum, the colon, which is divided into the ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon, and the rectum and anus, which through peristaltic action pushes fecal matter out of the body.
5.) Lower Digestive Tract
6.) Internal Disorders
00:02:00Gastroenteritis or stomach flu is usually a viral illness and when a patient has stomach ache of abdominal pain, it is important to note where and the symptoms; such as if it is epigastric pain with symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, it is likely a viral illness.
7.) Anatomy and Physiology of the Liver, Gall Bladder and Pancreas
00:01:32Three other organs located in the abdominal cavity are the liver, gall bladder and pancreas
8.) Renal System
00:06:09People lose water and toxins through perspiration, but the most important organs in the body's water system are the kidneys, which remove waste - minerals salts and excess water resulting in a liquid called urine, which flows through ureters into the bladder where it is stored until a certain volume is reached and the brain produces a conscious need to urinate.
9.) Nutrition
00:03:17The body's biomechanical processes, also known by the overall name of metabolism, convert food into nutrients; food from the three major food groups, which include meat - broken down into amino acids and reassembled into a new protein - fats or lipids, and carbohydrates - broken down into a simple sugar, glucose which is then converted into ATP when needed.
Miracle of the Human Body: The Sensory SystemRunning Time: 0:28:00
Chapter List
1.) Evolution of the Senses
00:03:47Senses have evolved to give animals a means to acquire information about their environment, an environmental awareness.
2.) Touch and Skin
00:03:41The oldest sense is touch done through touch sensors located in the skin - made up of the epidermis and dermis - and our most sensitive areas are the fingertips and lips, while the brains sensory cortex senses the body.
3.) Smell
00:03:24The sense of smell begins with the nostrils and the nasal chamber or cavity generally referred to as the olfactory bulb associated with brain's limbic system and which contains millions of olfactory receptor neurons that help humans smell smells that stimulate the body and mind, and in addition, the human adult can distinguish 10,000 chemical odors, odors that are commonly mistaken for tastes, and which also call up memories and lead to big business in the perfume and aromatherapy industries.
4.) Taste
00:02:57The tongue is an interesting sense organ that can detect, sweet, sour, bitter and salty, the four basic tastes.
5.) Hearing
00:05:36When sound waves hit the outer ear, which includes the auricle and ear lobe, they are transmitted, via the auditory canal, to the middle ear, set off by the ear drum and consisting of the hammer, anvil and stirrup, which in turn transmit the sound waves to the inner ear located in a large cavity of the temporal bone, and it contained the cochlea that sends nerve impulses to the auditory cortex of the brain.
6.) Sight
00:06:35For humans, our eyesight or seeing begins with two eyes located in the skull's eye sockets; and the human eyeball is the start of the visual pathway to the brain and its anatomy begins with the sclera and includes the iris, tear ducts, which drain tears produced by the lacrimal gland, the cornea, vitreous humor, retina, which is a thin layer of light sensitive photoreceptors known as rods and cones, and the last piece of the eye anatomy, the optic nerve
7.) Conclusion
00:00:34For humans the five senses of our sensory system forms the foundation for language.
Miracle of the Human Body: The Reproductive SystemRunning Time: 0:28:00
Chapter List
1.) Evolution of Sex
00:00:45Reproduction began with single celled creatures who used simple cell division, then with the evolution of multi celled plants and animals a new way was needed and that was sex, bringing together a special cell from two different individuals.
2.) Genetics
00:03:17Genetics, the study of inherited characteristics, is based on cells and their chromosomes and genes contained in the nucleus; furthermore cell division, mitosis, is when chromosomes replicate themselves and how the chromosomes' genes -found on a region of the chromosome containing a sequence of four chemicals arranged in pairs, and the chromosome is double stranded forming a double helix; so that in human reproduction our specialized sex cells, sperm and eggs divide in a special way .
3.) Morphogenics and Pregnancy
00:08:12Pregnancy begins when a male sperm fertilizes a, female egg, which leads to cell division and the formation of the blastocoel in the uterus commonly called the womb, then the blastocoel develops into the embryo and later the umbilical cord attaches to the placenta, and meanwhile in the female during the first trimester, the menstrual period stops and some breast tenderness occurs, and at the end of the eighth week the embryonic period ends and the fetal period begins and the fetus is a little
4.) Female Reproductive Organs
00:02:46Female reproductive structures include the pelvic cavity, uterus, cervix, vagina, birth canal, fallopian tubes and ovaries.
5.) Male Reproductive Organs
00:01:20The male reproductive organs include the penis, prostate gland, which produces semen, and the testes, which produce testosterone and sperm.
6.) Human Mating
00:02:50Human mating, which includes sexual activity, begins with the onset of sexual maturity, and sexual activity lasts until a general decline in sex capability because of age, which in men can lead to erectile dysfunction.
7.) Female Puberty
00:00:49Female puberty happens between the ages of 8 and 13, and is shown by larger breasts, the onset of the menstrual period or menarche and the beginning of the menstrual cycle.
8.) Male Puberty
-00:01:06During male puberty the testicles, scrotal sac and penis grow larger, pubic hair appears and sometimes acne shows up.
9.) Sex
00:05:55Sex or reproduction, brought on by a combination of love, chemicals and social demands is how humans make babies and it happens when the male sperm from the testes, joined by fluid from the prostate gland and is ejaculated out of the hardened penis into the vagina and then begin a mad dash into the cervix and the uterus to the fallopian tubes where a female egg from the ovaries is waiting to be fertilized.
Video Programs8
SubjectsScience, Biology, Core Science, Medicine, Nursing
Supplemental Files9
Produced By Ambrose Video Publishing Inc./Centre Communications
Copyright ©2010 Ambrose Video Publishing Inc./Centre Communications
Grade Levels10th Grade through Post Secondary
Skeletal teachers guide
Muscular teachers guide
Nervous teachers guide
Cardiovascular teachers guide
Respiratory teachers guide
Digestive Renal teachers guide
Sensory teachers guide
Reproductive teachers guide
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