The Medical Effects of the Nagasaki Atomic Bombing
Medical aspect
The Effects of the Nagasaki Atomic Bombing on the Human Body
Acute phase
Rate of deaths due to the atomic bomb
Frequency of acute symptoms
Bone marrow
Early phase of late effects
Atomic bomb cataract
Chromosomal aberrations
Late atomic bomb effects
Thyroid cancer
Breast cancer
Stomach cancer
Excess relative risk of malignant tumors by site
Multiple primary cancers
Mental effects
Physical aspect
Physical damages
Map of damage
Physical effects
Blast wind
Heat rays
Atomic bomb survivor database
Estimation of radiation dose using the ESR signal from teeth
Radiation dose and death rate
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Multiple primary cancers
A case of multiple primary cancers (MPC) is defined as two or more independent primary cancers arising in different organs in the same individual (ex: gastric cancer and colon cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and skin cancer, etc). The occurrence of MPC is considered to be a reflection of systematic exposure to environmental carcinogens or of a predisposition to cancer. A higher incidence rate of MPC was revealed in A-bomb survivors, particularly for those who were exposed at a younger age and closer distance from the hypocenter (A). The incidence rate of MPC continued to increase annually, and significantly higher in the proximal group than the distal group (distance from hypocenter) since 1980 s (B). These results provide evidence for the involvement of A-bomb radiation in MPC among the survivors. A higher risk of MPC, as a late effect of A-bomb radiation, will still persist in survivors.
[Nakashima M. et al., Cancer Sci. 99, 87-92, 2008]
A: Incidence rate of multiple primary cancers in Nagasaki A-bomb survivors
    by exposure distance (1968-1999)
Incidence rate
B: Time trend of incidence rate of multiple primary cancers in Nagasaki
    A-bomb survivors in each distance group
Time trend
Atomic Bomb Disease Institute