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                      F   O    R    W    A    R    D

All praises are due to the Most Merciful, The Beneficent, The Almighty
Allaah S.W.T The Originator of the universe and The Nourisher of all His
creations. All which is between the earths and the heavens belong to Him
only. He sent for our guidance his beloved Prophet Muhammad Mustafa
S.A.W.W. and the Prophet‟s Holy Descendents for the continuation of the
same purpose of guidance. May Allaah‟s Choicest Blessings ever be
showered on all these Divine Guides.

As we are born humans it is incumbent on all of us to ponder in the right
way and decide the way to go. We are here in the world to be tested so
whoever passes the test with flying colours are surely going to be
rewarded with inconceivable gifts from our Creator and Nourisher on the
Day of Judgement. And it is obvious that only the intelligents can pass the
tests. Therefore it is most vital to make the most of the God-given gift of
intellect to its full coverage. This is a great endowment from Allaah
S.W.T. Auspicious is the one who develops it and the loser is that who
does not distinguish its value.

It is stated in the traditions that pondering and meditation of an hour is
worth years of worship. In this humble work I have tried to the degree of
my limited knowledge of how-so-ever small significance it is, to express
the authenticity of certain substances which are of prime importance.
There are various aspects for which the seeker of truth shall find parallel
to the logic and reasoning. One amongst them is following the truth.

Finally, I whole-heartedly thank Allaah S.W.T. Who inspired me to put
down on paper the right things for the benefit of my pondering brothers-
and-sisters-in-humanity.       Wassallaam.           Attawfeeq Billaah.

Mustafa Hajji Ahmed Khaki, P.O.Box 8310, Dar es Salaam. Tanzania.
E-mail: maksvs@hotmail.com

Dhul‟Hijjah, 1425.                                        January, 2005.


This book is never intended to injure the feelings or disrespect anyone‟s
faith. The contents are absolutely derived from authentic sources.
Moreover, good is never concealed from the viewer as well the evil also.
However it is but a natural phenomenon that nature has placed the love of
good in everyone‟s heart. Evil is disliked even by the evil-doer. Nobody
loves evil but everybody loves good. It is an undisputed fact that tendency
to bend towards good is implanted in every human being. But there are
some exceptions in the world of human beings. Some are mistaken to
think that they can acquire happiness and tranquility through oppression
and cruelty; hence their stepping forward to those immoral elements, but
ofcourse, even the greatest sinner or criminal certainly confesses deep in
his heart that his criminal acts and oppressive trends are certainly not
good or praiseworthy. It is rightly said that most people are asleep; they
shall only arise from their slumber when they will die. What provokes
him towards evil deeds are his animalistic ambitions only. Subsequently
many may have noticed the evil-doer confessing and in a remorseful state
on his/her death-bed. This clearly indicates that the good is naturally
engraved in human beings which can not be erased totally.

It was cent percent right when the Leaders and Guides of religion had
said that the root cause of every evil is the love of this transient world.
One who does not realize that this world is one day going to perish and he
has to go all alone to the Judgment Place to give the account of all his
deeds clings to it and is not pleased to leave the worldly belongings.

Those people who do not have faith on the unseen world are taken away
by the glittering sway of this world. Because they have no faith on the
words of God and what they are preached by the true Guides, they think
that all that is there is in this world only. Although it is a well established
fact that the good-doers shall be rewarded with such marvelous blessings
that not an eye has ever seen it nor a mind had ever thought of.

So this book mainly deals with the relevant criminal deeds of the evil
doers on one hand and the oppressed people on the other. A keen and
impartial reader shall easily recognize the truth underlying each subject.

                I      N       D       E     X

1.    Foreword.
2.    Essential.
3.     Index.
4.    The Most Powerful
5.    Pondering Over The Creation
6.    Infinite Kingdom Of Allaah SWT
7.    Holy Qur‟aan-The Miracle Book
8.    Facts In The Holy Qur‟aan
9.    Truth From The Holy Qur‟aan
10.   Holy Prophet‟s Brief Introduction
11.   Knowledge And The Holy Qur‟aan
12.   Teachings Of The Holy Qur‟aan
13.   Detested Characteristics
14.   The Prophet Of Islaam
15.   The Prophet‟s Aims And Objects
16.   Choosing The Right
17.   Ali The Protector The Defender
18.   Narrations Supporting Imaam Ali
19.   Holy Prophet‟s Last Wish Unfulfilled
20.   An Unscrupulous Gathering
21.   Facts Concerning Uthman‟s Murder
22.   Enemies Of Uthman
23.   Muaviya‟s Cunningness
24.   Farsightedness of Imaam Ali
25.   Attack of Fatima Zehra (s.a)‟s House
26.    Lady Khadeeja (s.a)
27.   Unmatchable Merits
28.   Qualifications Of An Imaam
29.   The Most Simple Lifestyle

30.   Imaam Ali‟s Justice
31.   Knowledge Of Imaam Ali
32.   Forbearance of Imaam Ali
33.   Opponents Of Imaam Ali
34.   Injustice to Imaam Ali
35.   Imaam Ali‟s Apparent Rule
36.   Freedom
37.   Imaam Ali‟s Orders
38.   Help To The Needy
39.   Land
40.   Freedom of Faith
41.   His Views About War
42.   Tyranny On Prophet‟s Companions
43.   Just Before Imaam Ali
44.   Misappropriation
45.   The After-Effects
46.   Muaviya‟s Evil Characters
47.   Muaviya‟s Cruel Officials
48.   Evil-Spirited Brutes
49.    Bani Abbasis
50.   The Devils of Abbasids
51.   Supporters Of Truth
52.   Supporters of Oppressors.
53.   Whom would you prefer
54.   References

       In the name of God
   The Beneficent The Merciful

           POWER           OF       PURIFICATION

                THE MOST POWERFUL

False theory of evolution and atheism has crumbled down
since long enough because of the increased intellectual power
of the people who cares to think and possess farsightedness.
Enlightened people have successfully proved that there exists
a Creator Who is the Supreme Power, Who has created the
universe and all its contents in its right proportion, and all the
animate and inanimate things are under the control of none
but Him. And He is the Lord, God Almighty, Allaah The
Exalted and Glorified. The sun, the moon, the stars, planets,
heavenly bodies, the winds, oceans, and even the tiniest
particles such as atoms are created by the Almighty Creator,
and all are subjected to His orders.

Any prudent person can easily realize that all this prevailing
law and order in the universe is not going on only by chance,
but certainly there must be some supreme force that controls
this amazingly smooth going on of days and nights, change
of seasons, rotating of the planets, providing sustenance to
every creation without discrimination, etc. Theory of co-
incidence also is now a „dust-bin‟ matter and that of
Darwinism has been totally recognized as atheism. Nobody is

ready to accept that such a well-organized order came into
being by itself. There must be a working hand behind
everything. Even a smallest machine can‟t come into
existence by chance then how come this great unending
universe with all its perfect law and order in it can prop up by
mere chance? Surely there is a Creator of all this and He is
the Almighty Organizer of all His creation. The whole
universe runs so smoothly and on an orderly way that one can
never detect a flaw in its routines. Just imagine a planet going
out of its orbit, or the sun coming down a little towards the
earth, or the rain changes its order of pouring on earth – there
shall definitely occur a havoc and great disaster beyond
anyone‟s imagination. All the systems of the universe are so
accurately planned that our Creator wants us to be benefited
in all ways.

Let us consider rain water which is the purest and most
beneficial type of drink. When it rains we take it for granted
to be an ordinary incident. But researchers and scientists have
studied it in its minutest details and they have come to know
that from the heights at which the rain water comes down to
earth, if it was not miraculously controlled, the rain drops
would accelerate the speed so much so as to the time they
reached the earth our buildings, cars, and everything would
have been destroyed by its force. It is only by the Mercy of
our Most Kind Creator that we get the rainfall so comfortably
that we are neglectful to any observation regarding it.

One who ponders over the creation of The Creator reaches to
such a stage that his heart is enlightened and is astonished to
the unparalleled mysteries of the Lord of the universe. The
Creator who brought us all into being is the Most Powerful,
Most Wise, and The Greatest. It is beyond our
comprehension to know fully Our Great Lord. There is not an

intellectual power which has reached to the extent of
knowing God to its highest heights, so our duty is to
acknowledge His Supreme and Eternal being and glorify Him
as is the right of glorifying.

Another astonishing thing in God‟s creation is that, each
matter in the universe is made up of atoms, which are
invisible to the naked eyes, and every matter has its own
composition of atoms. Even a smallest change in the
number of atoms can cause drastic change in the form of
matter. For instance, a very minute change in the quantity of
atoms is required to form female characteristics from a male
one. Likewise a change in the number of atoms can cause the
production of sugar instead of a male or female. There are
many such amazing facts to which the researchers have not
yet been able to find out the clue therefrom.

Similarly, one is astonished to know that what great care has
been taken by the Almighty God for His creation in every
aspect. We the human beings have been provided with a
particular system in our bodies that is called „Immune
System‟. This system protects us from various harmful
diseases, bacteria, viruses and micro organisms that invade
our body. In this system we are provided with soldier cells,
fighter cells and a huge army of cells that fights back the
invaders. The war is going on in our bodies unnoticed by us.
How much caring is our Kind Creator that He has done all
the needed to maintain us in a most superior way. He is such
a Kind Provider that whether we beseech from Him or not all
our necessities are being continuously provided from the time
we come on this earth till our last day here.

Yet another gift from our Lord is The voice of conscience. It
has been miraculously installed in us by our Creator. And this

is one of His greatest bounties to us. This system, also called
as the Inner Voice, always proclaims to us the right ways,
good things to do and morality. That is why no soul can agree
that the immoralities are good, or violence, terrorism,
misconduct and corruption is good. Whenever one faces such
situation the conscience will immediately ring the bell that it
is evil. If one obeys the voice of selfishness and yields to his
or her selfish motives even then the conscience will denounce
the bad element. That is why nobody is found to accept
immoralities and evils to be good elements. In one way or the
other naturally everyone detests the immoralities, and this is
the voice of conscience which appears with its commending

Basically we should be thankful in every moment to our
Great Creator because certainly we survive due to the favors
provided by the Almighty God. Since morning till night how
many a calamites do we encounter and are knowingly or
unknowingly saved from them only because of His Mercy
towards us. His favors are uncountable. Imagine if we had no
taste buds in our mouth, we would have hated the most
pleasant dish. Have we ourselves arranged these buds in our
mouths? Certainly it is the work of our Creator. Similarly the
faculty of sight, hearing, smell and feeling, all are the favors
from our Creator Lord of the universe.

Observing the human body one will find it full of miracles.
Each organ is in itself a master piece of miracle. It is not the
human being who chose to have such marvelous functioning
systems of digestion, nervous system, immune system, and
faculties of hearing, seeing etc. These all are the bounties
from God The Creator. He is The Greatest, the Powerful, the
Everlasting, and the Omnipotent. A slight idea of His
greatness can be observed from the fact that from times

immemorial till now the process of creation of human beings
is going on and on, besides other creations, there are billions
of trillions or countless people He created, but the striking
fact is that no two individuals are made exactly same to each
other, each one has a different type of face or unsimilar
characteristics, even though basically all share similar type of
body parts. Even the finger prints of one person can not be
same to the other one. Nobody else has the power and might
to perform such marvelous creation except the Almighty

Such a Greatest, All-Powerful, Most-Kind, Most-Just, All-
Wise, All-Knowing, and All-Mighty Creator, Who is so
much caring to His creation, Who never wishes His creation
to be in a state of miserliness or uncomfortability and
ignorance, and has always provided us with all the
necessities, so of course, He has also not left us without
proper guidance for our betterment in this world and the
world that is to come. As for this present world it is alright
that everyone can experience it but as for the Hereafter, one
has to accept the concept of the Day of Judgment. This is also
a Mercy from the Just Lord. It is so because The Almighty
God is Just, and the exact justice in not being carried out in
this world so He will do the exact justice on the Day of
Judgment. It is seen that corruption, immoralities, injustices,
and killing of innocents is prevailing in the world, and when
the culprit is caught he or she is certainly punished for the
crime, but in fact it can‟t be called hundred percent justice, it
is because if a person kills two or more people he can be
hanged only once, hanging him or her more then once is
impossible. Similarly if a person had usurped someone‟s
property and then he is compelled to return it, but in the gap
since he had usurped till the return of it, one can‟t measure
exactly the loss incurred to the owner, may be he had to miss

many opportunities which could have been gained if he was
not usurped, or may be some precious lives might have been
lost due to the injustice of usurpation, as such, the absolute
justice is never possible in this world. That is why the
Almighty God has kept a day when pure and absolute justice
shall be done to every single individual from day one to the
last day on earth. And that day is called the Day of Judgment
or „Qayaamat‟ in Arabic terminology. And indeed this
conception of the Day of Judgement is cent percent logically
the most just notion.

As for attaining to happiness in the Hereafter it is this world
that is the field where we have to work for it, sow the seeds
here and the reaping will be on the Day of Judgment.
Therefore The All-Merciful Allaah (S.W.T) sent his special
messengers to guide the mankind, whom we call the
Prophets. Some among them were Prophet Adam, Nooh,
Ibrahim, Ilyas, Idrees, Yahya, Zakariya, Musa, and Isa (A.S)
Peace be on all of them. And the final and last Prophet was
Muhammad (S.A.W.W) Peace be on him and on his holy
progeny. Almighty Allaah sent 1,24,000 Prophets in the
world at different times to different places. Prophet Adam
(A.S) was the very first Prophet and Prophet Muhammad
(S.A.W.W) was the last to come and finalize the message of
God. There shall not be coming any Prophet after him so we
have to adhere to his teachings up to the last day. As a book
of guidance he was given the Holy Qur‟aan which contains
every aspect of human life. It is a miraculous book containing
complete code of life so as to reach the peak of perfection.

Affection and kindness of Almighty Allaah towards his
creation manifests from the following verse of the Holy
Qur‟aan, in Surah Baqarah verse no: 62 Allaah (S.W.T) says,
“Verily, those who believe, and those who are Jews and the

Christians and the Sabeans – whoever believe in Allaah and
the Last Day and does good they shall have their reward from
their Lord and there shall be no fear for them nor shall they
grieve.” This clearly indicated that even though the final
religion established and emphasized by Allaah (S.W.T) is
Islaam, but as for those people who lived in the era of the
early Prophets, before the advent of the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W., and they followed their teachings faithfully, shall
be rewarded, even they died as non-Muslims. The reason
behind this is clear that Allaah sent every Prophet with
perfect code of life according to the then prevailing times,
therefore whoever was obedient to the Prophets, without ever
corrupting their true message, shall be saved and rewarded.
There are only three conditions in it, - belief in Allaah, belief
in the Day of Judgment, and doing of good deeds.

Prior to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.W) there was Prophet
Isa (A.S) (i.e. Jesus) who was also sent to guide the people,
and prior to him was Prophet Musa (A.S) and so ascending
up to Prophet Adam (A.S). Each Prophet was assigned the
work to guide the people of his community or the inhabitants
of that particular place.

When it was the time for Prophet Isa (A.S) to depart from the
world he explicitly told his followers that the final Prophet
shall come after him to guide the whole mankind and that
they must follow him. Reference for this is as follows: In
Mathew 15:24 Prophet Isa (A.S) said, “I was sent to the
lost sheep of the house of Israel and to them alone.” John
15:26 –“But when the Comforter is come, whom I shall
send unto you from the Father, even the spirit of the truth
John 16:7-“Nevertheless I tell you the truth it is expedient

will not come to you.”

Jews and Christians knew very well the truth about the
promised advent of the Holy Prophet Muhammad
(S.A.W.W) mentioned in their own books. Viz; Acts 3:22
to 24; Deut 18:18, 19; John 14:16, 17 26;

In John 14:16, 17; 15:26 and 16:7 to 14 Prophet Isa (A.S)
refers to the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.W) as the
Comforter and spirit of truth, who will guide mankind
into all truth. And “Who will be with you forever” implies
that there shall always be a representative of him (his
flesh and blood) on the earth, identical to him in purity
who will carry on his mission.


           ALLAAH S.W.T.

An old saying which goes thus, “Think before you speak”
comprises a vast field of wisdom in it. As it is observed a
thinking person seldom makes a mistake. One who takes his
time to contemplate on various subjects is bestowed with an
enlightened intellect. And that is why the wise people always
advise to think twice before endeavoring on any matter.
Thinking, pondering, meditating and contemplating have got
many benefits which an ordinary simpleton can never realize.
That is why we are often told in our Holy Book Qur‟aan to
think and mediate on the creation and on various matters.

The Lord of Creation, The Almighty Allaah S.W.T. has
bestowed most kindly a precious thing to human beings,
which He did not give to any other specie. And that is a
„thinking mind‟ or „an intellect‟. It is said that a normal
human being utilizes the mind up to the maximum extent of
two percent only; the remaining portion lies unused and idle.
We are so often reminded at various places in the Holy
Qur‟aan to think and ponder over the creation of Allaah
S.W.T. As it is stated in the Holy Qur‟aan that “there is
nothing for a person except that for which he strives”, this
stands true for pondering also, because we can see that the
intellectuals who have thought wisely about sundry matters
are well off then those with idle minds. It is also said that
meditation is the cure for mental as well as some physical

  A tradition from the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. says,
“Pondering in the creation of Allaah for an hour is far more
better then the worship of a whole year.” In the Holy

Qur‟aan it is stated, “O the Prophet! Say that they observe
whatever is in the heavens and in the earth and ponder over



   According to the scientific viewpoint, let us first discuss
about the smallest item, i.e. an atom. All matters are made
up of atoms. Atoms are so tiny that they are not visible with
the necked eyes except with the help of a powerful
microscope that magnifies it several thousand times. Atom is
not a concrete thing but is hollow and contains three more
things called electrons, protons, and neutrons in it, which are
in continuous motion, and therein is enough space besides
this. This much description is quite enough for us to
comprehend the magnitude of a tiniest material. Yet scientific
research is not comprehensive in this field.

    This tiny matter is such an astonishing thing, which
portrays the magnificent mechanism, and a wonderful
architectural work of the Great Creator, so one can at least be
led to have a faint glimpse of the imagination for the greater
objects such as the sun, moon, stars, and other heavenly
bodies. Just thinking and pondering on the creation and
perfection of all these stars and planets and the way they are
precisely regulated, can certainly bring our heads bow down
in prostration to The Creator Allaah S.W.T.

    One is perplexed when thinking of this vast galaxy with
our sun, moon, stars etc., their size, capacity, and distance
between each other is in a bewildering computation.
Moreover, there is not only one galaxy in the universe but
Allaah S.W.T. has created numerous galaxies besides this
where we live, and all the galaxies are with their own suns,
moons, stars and planets. In spite of the rapid progress in
sciences, we have yet been not fully aware of the true
knowledge of even one single planet, let alone the vast
galaxy and its contents! But let us see what we know, to the
extent of our knowledge, about this matter.

   A renowned author Harun Yahya has written many books
in which we can see the fascinating power of the Almighty
all around us in each matter. Among the most recommended
books to read is “Man of Understanding” from which I have
quoted some portions.

   The nearest star to our earth is „Alpha Sentaunti‟. If we
travel in a hyper-fastest rocket at the speed of 186,000 miles
per second, it will take three years, three months and eighteen
days to reach there. Computing on this calculation, it will
take six hundred years to go and come back to the star which
is much beyond.

   Further more, as it is said there is not only one galaxy in
which we live at present with its 200 million stars, but,
Allaah S.W.T. has created numerous mighty galaxies like
ours and has put them floating in the sky. Not so much so,
but the distance between each galaxy is approximately two
million light years! To realize the speed of one light year we
have to know that light travels 299791 kilometers per second,
one light year means the distance covered by light in one year
with the above-mentioned speed (velocity). So if one wants
to calculate the distance covered in two million light years all
our calculators and computers shall surely be in deficit of
required digits.

  Thus we can observe that either a tiny particle or a huge
object comprises of a magnificent, most wonderful technique,
and astonishing aspects laid down by The Most Powerful
Creator Allaah S.W.T. We have to admit that our limited
knowledge is not in any way able to comprehend the
wonderful natural phenomena established by our Creator.
What can we speak and how can we fully recognize our
Creator Himself while we are unable to yet realize His

created objects! That is why it is stated in the Holy traditions
that, “Do not ponder (much) over the Creator rather ponder
over His creation.”

  Taking in consideration the universe and its contents, if we
boast of reaching unto the moon, it is merely like going from
one particle of sand on a vast beach to the other particle.
Moreover, the researchers are not yet aware of the proper
knowledge of this one galaxy, the unending sky, and
whatever other objects around and beyond it. The renowned
scientist Albert Einstein had acceptably said, “The
knowledge that we possess is equal to only one particle of
sand from all that lying around the oceans of the world.”

 Recent research has acknowledged that in spite of all the
billions and trillions stars, planets and galaxies that have been
created, yet 99.99 percent of space still remains empty in the
heavens! Glory is to Allaah S.W.T. He is The Most High.
And thus, do we prostrate to The Creator and accept His
Most Highness and His Towering Authority over the entire

  Subsequently, we behold some objects, which are
seemingly huge in its composition, and some being small, but
at the same time, in reality the case is in the reverse. For
example, we know that the sun is such a huge sphere that it
can accommodate one million planets as big as our earth,
from this fact it can be understood the enormity of the sun.
But we have come to know the fact that there are some stars
in the universe, which we see like small glittering dots at
night, are such vast bodies that only one such star has the
space in it to accommodate 50 crore suns in it! So we can see
from these facts and figures that the sun which seems to be
the largest planet is actually very small in comparison to

some seemingly small stars, while the stars which are being
looked up as small objects have the huge diameters, and
furthermore, the vastness and immensity of the galaxy is yet

  Therefore, it is incumbent of us to ponder, think,
contemplate, and appreciate the magnificent power and vast,
endless kingdom of our Creator. As we deeply ponder over
His creation of this universe and all around it, our minds will
surely accept that the Creator of the universe is the Most
Powerful, Most Magnificent, and Most High Allaah S.W.T.
There is no power except Allaah S.W.T.

   Hence, as we think in His created objects our knowledge
and Maarifat (sense of perception) will gradually increase,
consequently, we shall know exactly what is the value of this
transient world for which almost many of us run for it day in
day out. Moreover, the benefit of pondering will be that we
shall never dare to be arrogant, boastful or proud of
ourselves, because it will definitely cross our mind that this
small human being is quite insignificant considering all these
wonderful, marvelous and superb creation of Allaah S.W.T.

   Therefore, the most beneficent effect of pondering over
the nature and creation of Allaah S.W.T. will be that we shall
get the virtue of awareness and we shall fully understand and
appreciate the meaning of ALLAAHU AKBER. There is no
any deity except Allaah and He is The Greatest.

    For a person who intends to ponder over the creation of
Allaah S.W.T. and be at least slightly acquainted with His
Might and Power and wonderful amazing creation there are
numerous objects around us to observe. He (S.W.T) has
created so amazingly that one is dazzled when he thinks

about all the wonderful acts of Allah‟s creation, which runs
so smoothly adhering to the laws and regulations established
and endowed by Allaah to His creation. As we are also one of
the best creations of Almighty Allaah S.W.T., we are duty-
bound to reflect and ponder over the other creation, it is
correctly said that „as for the men of understanding,
everything around them is a sign of Allaah S.W.T.‟

    The Holy Qur‟aan insistently states for us to ponder over
the creation of Allaah S.W.T. May be because Allaah wants
us to utilize our brains to their full extent, or to open the ways
of progress in various fields, or to acknowledge His Super-
Most power over all things which are in the heavens and on
the earth and see that each and every atom of the universe is
under His control abiding precisely by the laws and
regulations laid down upon it. Subsequently we should not
be from those people who dismiss the issues saying they have
come into existence „accidentally‟ or by „coincidence‟ or by
„evolution‟ or „merely a nature‟s miracle‟. Our Holy Book
also states that there is not a single issue left out which is not
mentioned therein. But it is an irony of fate that we Muslims
who are directly addressed to ponder over various subjects
have ignored the commandments while others took the lead.
Still, the Holy Qur‟aan is open until the last day on earth, and
we can surely be amazingly benefited from it. The Holy
Qur‟aan at some place says, “Have you considered about a
camel?” At other places, the Book invites to ponder over an
ant, a bat, a spider, etc. All this is an invitation to ponder and
benefit from it.

    Let us first briefly consider about how amazingly our
DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS are perfectly organized, though we
even do not feel what enormous mechanism is going on
inside our bodies. When we put a morsel of food in the

mouth, first it is masticated by the juice provided therein so
as to make its passage be smooth to the stomach through the
food pipe. The teeth, saliva, and its chemicals help greatly in
this process of sliding the food smoothly. In the stomach,
there is a strong chemical called hydrochloric acid that helps
to digest the food; this acid is so strong that it has the
capacity of dissolving even harder objects. So what about the
security for the spongy stomach walls where this acid is
present? The answer is that The Creator has made full
provision for this also, a secretion called mucus is secreted
during digestion which covers up the inside stomach walls
thus protecting it from the harm of hydrochloric acid. Then
the work starts by gastric juices on the food to make it
suitable for going further for the nourishment of the body.
This is only an easy-to-understand passage but there is a lot
more to know for the interested people. Such perfect systems
are installed in our bodies that not a single tiny flaw can be
detected in it. In addition, this is certainly not chosen by
anyone that he said he wanted such system in the body, but it
is the magnificent work of the Creator of the universe Who
has bestowed bounties before we ask for.

Let us now slightly touch a few of the issues which have
undergone thorough research and the astounding facts have
come to be known of them. Various types of sea creatures,
spiders, ants, bees, snakes, scorpions, beetles, chameleons,
hedgehogs, rabbits, butterflies, wasps, etc. have been created
in such a wonderful way that one is lead to be stunned by the
orderliness they have got and the precisely working systems
of their way of life in day to day performances. It is then only
that one who has the power of understanding heartily admits
the Superior Authority of Almighty Allaah S.W.T. over all of
His creation.

For instance, take an example of a very small creature, the
GNAT; it is commonly known up to the extent of it being a
bloodsucker only. However, researchers have filled volumes
concerning the gnat. Tremendous mysteries have been found
from it, one being that it has been created with extremely
sensitive heat receptors, they see objects around them
through the force of heat, not through eyes, and the receptors
are so much sensitive that they can easily detect blood vessels
even in a dark room. The way they are born, how they grow
up, and the way they feed themselves is a very remarkable
system given to them by Allaah S.W.T.

The HONEYBEE is also one of the marvelous creations of
Allaah S.W.T. For the people who understand there is much
to learn from this tiny creature; the way they are organized in
their day to day duties, the way they defend their colony, the
architectural system of their building beehives, their ways of
maintaining constant and suitable temperature in their homes,
the way they tactfully go to nectars and collect honey in their
homes, these and more are the things to be observed and
pondered over that the tiny insects can‟t have the power of
control over all these things on their own but surely it is only
the Almighty Creator Allaah S.W.T. who have bestowed all
these favours on them. Moreover, the honey which they
produce is not utilized for their own food only, they are not
selfish like most humans, but they usually collect more then
their need so as to be served to other creatures of Allaah
S.W.T. also, even it be of any other specie then themselves !

Then let us consider TERMITES. These are also very small
insects, smaller then the ants. The termites build big mud
towers as long as four to five meters high, with all the
facilities of life therein. A naturally produced chemical
released in their mouths is mixed with the mud and a tower is

built which is stronger then a huge stem of a hardwood tree.
Inside the tower, there are many compartments, the Queen‟s
chamber, a place for laying eggs, their own farm of
vegetation, storage rooms, etc. The most astonishing thing is
that they work with precise orderliness even though they are
totally blind right from birth ! Furthermore, these creatures
are created with such an inspiration that they constantly
maintain suitable temperature in their dwellings by using
exacting methods of ventilation and cooling system.

HOUSEFLY. Allaah S.W.T. has given them thousands of
lenses for their eye sight so that they can easily see all around
without turning the head backwards. It has got an astonishing
digestive system also, they don‟t digest the food in their
stomach, the food is digested outside by spraying a chemical
from its mouth on the food particle so as to dissolve it and
then it absorbs the food through its piping system from its

FISH. There are numerous species of fish each having its
own peculiarities. One of them has an image of a small fish
on its back. When it goes hunting, it has to show off the
image of the small fish, the prey thus is attracted toward that
small fake fish and when it approaches, it is caught by the
hunter fish very easily thus receiving its sustenance. Other
types of fish are such that right on their birth they migrate
thousands of miles away and return back to their birth place
after a particular time.

KANGAROO. A striking example of the manifestation of
the power of Allaah S.W.T. can be observed from this
creature. Reproductive system of a kangaroo is quite different
from others. Usually embryo is nurtured inside the womb but
in the case of kangaroo, the embryo has to pass some larger

period outside the womb. When the embryo is just one month
old, it comes out and creeps into the pouch of its mother
clinging to one of the nipples for its nutrition. Then another
embryo starts development in the womb and after a month, it
comes outside and attaches itself to another nipple in the
pouch. Then the third one goes through the same process. But
there are now three siblings of differing ages in the pouch.
Nature has not left them on their own. Each offspring gets the
measure and type of nutrition according to its age because the
same product can‟t be suitable for all three of different ages,
some need more protein, some less mineral, etc. thus within
the same mother there gushes three different types of milk for
the sustenance of its children. Thereafter, each child comes
out of the pouch after some eight months, they are then quite
strong to stand on their own feet. Moreover, if there is
draught outside then the eggs in the mother‟s womb would
not fertilize until heavy rain falls and rich pasture is

GIRAFFE. It is not only the human being that has been
given a suitable perfect system to work in his body but even
animals and smallest insects also have been endowed with
the befitting perfect mechanisms in their bodies, they have
not been left away on their own. Giraffes have very long
neck, so one can‟t help to be amazed to the fact that how can
their hearts pump the needed blood all the way to their head,
and what happens when the giraffe bends down to drink
water, may be their blood pressure sores so high so as to
reach a fatal point. But it is the Mercy of Allaah S.W.T. for
all His creatures that He has provided such perfect systems
that nobody feels least discomfort in its daily routine. The
blood reaches to its required points in the giraffes‟ heads
without any problem and the low-bent neck is supplied with

suitable valves to as to check the excess flow of blood
towards the head.

BIRDS. Migration system of some birds has also been
observed carefully and it is known that they are also under a
direct guidance of the Creator. Their scheme of
systematically migrating from one place to thousands of
miles away and return to the same place again is such a
fascinating thing that one is lead to accept the fact that it is
not the birds themselves who organize this long and tedious
trip but they are under the laws and regulation of the
Almighty Allaah S.W.T. Who has bestowed the needed
inspiration on them.

These are only a few fascinating bits and pieces among the
creation of Allaah S.W.T that need pondering. For a thinking
person there is not a shortage of things to observe and
mediate over them. Even if we look at our own body and its
systems one will not be far-off to realize that we are not the
one who make the heart beat, neither are we able to establish
a nervous system nor a digestive system inside our body;
only one immune system is enough to pronounce the
Greatness of Allaah S.W.T. Certainly, the end result shall be
the same as mentioned above that the Sole Creator of
everything in the universe is non-but Almighty Allaah
S.W.T. only.



Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.W) was born in Arabia but the
Almighty Allaah has said in His Holy Book Qur‟aan that he
was sent for the whole mankind, he is the Mercy for the
whole mankind, not for Arabs or Muslims only. So whoever
wants salvation should adhere to the teachings of the Holy
Prophet. He was given the Holy Qur‟aan as the book of
guidance for the mankind. It is the word of God. It is a
miraculous book because it mentions precisely the past,
present and future events, as well it contains perfect laws for
the human beings for all ages and times to come. The only
heavenly book which has remained intact and unaltered up
till this day is the Holy Qur‟aan, nobody was able to alter,
add, distort, deduct or manipulate it in spite of how-so-much
they tried for. Basically the guarantee for its protection is
given in the Holy Qur‟aan itself. Allaah says that He is the
Protector of His Book. Therefore the Holy Qur‟aan shall
remain intact up to the last day on earth, without even a
single word of it been trampled with.

Relics of the past give absolute testimony of the truthfulness
of the Holy Qur‟aan concerning the past events. And various
predictions from the Holy Qur‟aan have been observed
coming true to the point. Moreover, scientists and researchers
have only in recent years found out many mysteries regarding
various matters exactly being in harmony with that which is
stated in the Holy Qur‟aan. Embryology, the big bang theory,
rotation and revolution of heavenly bodies, etc. all are
precisely mentioned in the Holy Qur‟aan, the Book which
was revealed fourteen centuries ago when even the simplest
form of microscope was not yet invented, neither there were
any laboratories for conducting experiments, nor any scientist
to do the researches. This proves that the Holy Qur‟aan was
revealed by no other then the All-Knowing Allaah (S.W.T).

Besides all this, The Holy Qur‟aan has an astonishing
interlocking system precisely and astoundingly placed in it so
that even a word therefrom can‟t be tempered with.



Universe: Until 20th century it was well known that universe
has a constant nature. But then perfect scientific calculations
and observations revealed that the universe is in the state of
constant expansion. The Holy Qur‟aan had already
mentioned it 1400 years ago in Surah Dhaariyaat verse 47, it
is stated therein that, “It is We who have constructed the
heavens with might, and verily it is we who are steadily
expanding it.”

Mountains : Geological function of mountains is mentioned
in the Holy Qur‟aan in Surah Ambiya, verse 31, “We placed
firmly embedded mountains on the earth, so it would not
move under them.” Findings of modern geology state that the
function of mountains is to prevent the shocks in the earth. In
yet another place in the Holy Qur‟aan it is stated that
mountains are pegs of the earth. Thus the subjects revealed
centuries ago are now confirmed by modern geology
consequently manifesting supreme wisdom in God‟s creation.

Finger-prints: Until 19th century finger prints were regarded
as insignificant ordinary curves. But the Holy Qur‟aan says
that each individual has a unique set of finger prints which
does not match to any other person. In Surah Qiyaamah
verses 3 and 4 it is said, “We are able to put together in
perfect order the very tips of his fingers.”

Iron: Contrary to the common belief of getting iron from the
earth astronomical researches proved that iron has basically
arrived from the exploding stars beyond, and finally by the
attraction of gravity came to land in the earth. In the Holy
Qur‟aan in the chapter of Al-Hadeed verse 25 Almighty
Allaah says, “And we sent down iron in which there lies great
force and which has many uses for mankind.” Modern
astronomy also now confirms that the iron which is here in

the world has arrived from giant stars from outer space.
Heavy metals are produced in the core of such big stars that
are much more bigger then the sun, and when the temperature
there reaches its highest peak the star can not hold the metal
and so it explodes, thus throwing iron in the form of meteors
which is scattered around the universe, they move in space
until attracted by gravitational force to settle down on earth.

Layers on the earth : Modern technology have proved it
that there are seven layers surrounding our earth, and each
layer has got its own function, e.g. formation of rain,
preventing harmful rays reaching the earth, reflecting radio
waves, averting harmful effects of meteors, etc. This fact is
already revealed in the Holy Qur‟aan - Surah Fussilat verse
12, “Then He turned to heavens when it was smoke.”

Rain : In the Holy Qur‟aan in Surah Zukhruf verse 11 it is
stated that Allaah sends water form the sky in due measure .
The modern technology has been utilized to ascertain this
fact and it was known that approximately 16 million tons of
water evaporates from the earth and the same quantity of
rainfall is received, i.e. 513 trillion tons of water is being
recycled, - evaporating, forming clouds, falling as rain, going
back to evaporation, and so on. This equilibrium is such
absolute that even a minor deviation could bring major
ecological imbalance and great disaster on earth.

Seas : In the Holy Qur‟aan Almighty Allaah says in Surah
Al-Rahmaan verses 19 and 20 that He has let loose two seas
but even though they converge together yet He has put
barriers between them so that they do not mingle. This
apparently seems to be impossible. But, in recent years the
experts have researched that there exists a physical force

called „surface tension‟ which prevents the neighboring seas
to stay apart because of their different density.

Birth of a baby : Until recently it was thought that a baby‟s
sex was determined either by the mother‟s cells or by both
the parents‟. But the Holy Qur‟aan says in Surah An-Najm
verse 45 and 46 that masculinity or femininity is created by a
drop of sperm ejected by male. The accuracy of the same is
already now proved by the recent biological experiments that
it is the sperm cells from the male which determines the sex
of a baby.

These are only a very few examples to be pondered on. We
can see from what is stated here above that all the news,
predictions and facts contained in the Holy Qur‟aan have
been proved hundred percent true and precise by the modern
science and technology. But it was quite impossible in those
days of ignorance, 14 centuries ago, to know all these facts
with the knowledge and technology of those times. In the 7th
century Arabia had neither achieved any remarkable progress
in geology, embryology, and physiology nor in any scientific
field. So subsequently it proves that the Holy Qur‟aan is the
word of God Almighty, Who is the knower of all the open
and hidden things and the Maker and Designer of the
universe. If at all this Holy Book had been from any other
then God then many inconsistencies would have been found
in it viz. Surah An-Nisaa verse 82.

Dr.Maurice Bucaille an eminent medical scientist has written
this concerning the Holy Qur‟aan, “Qur‟aanic version not
only agrees perfectly with the data discovered by modern
science but is also remarkably free from erroneous notions of
the time.” He says that Holy Qur‟aan is not interested to be a
scientific book but it is a religious book par excellence. The

Qur‟aan‟s purpose in inviting men to reflect upon the natural
phenomena is to stress Divine Omnipotence. The fact is that
in these reflections we can find an illusion to the data
connected with scientific knowledge which is surely another
of God‟s gifts whose value must shine out in this age of
materialistic atheism.



These are a few verse from the Holy Qur‟aan which proves
that it is a book directly revealed from the All-Knowing and
All-Wise Creator Allaah (S.W.T) :-
(a)      In 21:30 it stated that every living thing was created
from WATER. And this is proved by modern science that
the origin of life is AQUATIC.
(b)      Another verse, 78:6-7. “Have We not made the earth
an expanse and the mountains stakes?” Stakes are driven
deep in the ground, with meaningful similarity of the objects
used to anchor tents. And as such, mountains are proved to
have deep foundations of geological folds.
(c)      Perfect identification of the sun and moon is given
thus in the Holy Qur‟aan – sun (Arabic „siraaj‟), it means a
„torch‟, and for moon (Arabic „noor‟), it means „light‟. The
first being a celestial formation in a state of permanent
combustion and a source of light and heat, while the other,
(moon) being an inert body which reflects light. The Holy
Qur‟aan precisely distinguishes between them by the use of
different epithets.
(d)      Conquest of space is mentioned in Surah Al-Rahmaan
(55:33). Journey to the moon by achieving remarkable
technological progress confirms the truthfulness of the Holy
Qur‟aan. The above verse says, “O assembly of jinn and men,
penetrate them. You will not penetrate them save (our)
(e)      In Surah Al-TaaHaa (20:3) it is stated that     plants
also are created males and females. This is also now a well
proven fact.
(f)      Formation of milk in human body and the way it is
transported to the mammary glands by the blood stream is
mentioned in Surah An-Nahl (16:66).
(g)      In Surah Yunus (10:52) it is stated concerning
Pharaoh who was a despot king in the times of Prophet Musa

A.S. and he was miraculously drowned in the sea, “This day
We save thee in thy body so that thou mayst be a sign for
those who come after thee.” And as everybody knows that
Pharaoh‟s lifeless body is present in Egypt up to this date,
preserved for the people to see it, and for the mindful to learn
lesson from it.

For more confirmation concerning the Holy Qur‟aan to be the
word of Allaah (S.W.T) one is invited to ponder over these
(a) To distinguish between truth and falsehood Allaah has
    bestowed intellect to every human being, being as such,
    an unbiased mind can easily reason out the true and
    undistorted revelation to be rational.
(b) Since the Almighty Allaah is All-Perfect, so His words
    should also bear perfection, accuracy and be free from
    mistakes and interpolations. And such is the Holy
(c) Note its abstinence from myths and superstitions.
(d) Since Allaah is the Creator of all knowledge, so the true
    knowledge mentioned in the Holy Qur‟aan can always
    withstand scientific challenges of all times.
(e) As Allaah is the Knower of all past, present and future,
    all prophesies mentioned in the Holy Qur‟aan always
    come cent percent true to the point.
(f) A challenge thrown by the Holy Qur‟aan 14 centuries ago
    is still valid and inviting mankind and jinn to bring the
    like of it, be it even a small chapter. People opposing
    Islaam spend millions and billions of money to propagate
    their faith and still are not able to withstand this
    challenge. If the Holy Qur‟aan was the work of any other
    then God it could not have survived intact for these long



The Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.W) has been quoted
saying thus, “In the Book of Allaah, the Holy Qur‟aan, there
are accounts of those who lived before you and events that
will take place after you. It is the fair Judge that settles your
disputes. It is the decisive word and not a flippant jest. It is
the book that destroys any tyrant that ignores it, and leaves
whoever seeks guidance elsewhere, wandering in darkness. It
is the firm divine covenant, the wise reminder, and the
straight path. It is the book by which men‟s desires do not
swerve and their tongues can not be thrown in confusion. The
scholars will never be tired of it. Howsoever repeatedly and
widely recited it shall never wear out. Its wonders are
inexhaustible; the Jinn upon hearing it can not but say „we
have heard a wonderful discourse‟. One who speaks
according to its teachings always speaks truth. And one who
judges according to its teachings always judges fairly. He
who acts according to its tenets shall certainly be rewarded.
He who calls people to adhere to it is surely guided to the
right path.”

He also said, “The Holy Qur‟aan contains such knowledge
and enlightenment that it will never be ineffective, futile or
fruitless. It carries in it words of wisdom so deep that men
can not actually plumb its depths. It is a highway that will not
mislead anyone. It is a light that will never fade away. It
creates such distractions between truth and falsehood that its
decisions will never be challenged or refuted. Its explanations
can not be proved wrong. It is the cure for perversion of
minds. It is a power that can not be overthrown. It is the truth
personified. Its supporters will never feel sorry for the
support given to it. It is a mine of faith, a spring of
knowledge, and a fountainhead of equity and justice. The
wisdom that this book contains and the learning that it

imparts can not be exhausted. It is a sea whose waters never
decreases howsoever people take from it. It is a spring whose
water never declines howsomany thirsty people drink from it.
It is a resting place which can not be missed by a traveler, a
landmark never lost by a voyager, and a hill beyond which
the climber will not go. Allaah S.W.T. has made it a drink to
quench the thirst of scholars, a spring for the hearts of
Fuqahaa, a well-trodden path for the righteous, a remedy to
cure all disease, a light to those who live in darkness, a firm
covenant, an invincible support, a strength for those who hold
to it, a peace conferred on those who enter its parameters, a
guidance to one who follows it, a protection to those who act
according to its dictates, a sound judgment for those who
speak through it, a proof to those who claim its testimony, a
victory for those who seek its support in arguments, and a
success to those who embrace it. It is the easiest and the best
form of explanation for those who want to understand the
principles of truth and piety. Not only has the Qur‟aan an
elegant appearance but its contents are fathomless. Its
wonders are inexhaustible. Its marvels can never come to an
end. Dark doubts and ignorance can be swept away only with
the Holy Qur‟aan.”

The Holy Qur‟aan is a divine book, but not for Muslims only,
it is a universal guide. This is evident by its address in its
verses; at some places it calls, “O people”, and at other
instances it calls “O people of the Book” meaning Christians
and Jews. The Holy Qur‟aan invites each group of people to
Islaam by providing absolute logical proof of its correctness;
it has never stipulated that people should be of Arab origin
only. And it has certainly attracted leading numbers of other
religions. Moreover, people from diverse communities also
gladly embraced Islaam after observing its truthfulness for

instance Salman of Persia, Suhayb from Romans, and Bilal
from Ethiopia.”

 Although Islamic missionary efforts are nil in comparison to
other religions but its sheer breadth of culture and its
emotional powers and its inner as well as outer purity are the
main selfless sources that win many convert around the
world. And of course the statistics have proved that Islaam is
the fastest growing religion also because it hasn‟t got
unreasonable skeptical demands.

The Holy Qur‟aan guides us the way to a realization of our
goal on this earth; it describes the true path in the most
complete and logic terms. It is a way of viewing correctly the
reality of things in a personal, social and enormous vision.

The Holy Qur‟aan does not negate or revoke the previous
divine books (as long as they are intact). In 5:48 it states,
“We have revealed this book to you with the truth,
confirming whatever book was before it, and we keep watch
over it.” Therefore, previous divine books, Torah, Zaboor,
and Injeel are all respectable and revered books in the eyes of
a Muslim, condition to their being in the original forms, not
for the distorted issues. Holy Qur‟aan thus affirms the truth
of the ways of guidance taught by earlier Prophets. The Holy
Qur‟aan does not only encompass the meaning and a teaching
of all divine books revealed before it, but also adds to, and
completes them. Everything which every human need, both
in terms of spiritual and his social life is contained and
explicitly explained in the Holy Qur‟aan.

Unlike the animal and plant kingdom who always react to
their established instinct men possess an inherent knowledge
and is also equipped with intellect and has the capacity to

utilize its wisdom. So if any person studies the Holy Qur‟aan
with an open and unbiased mind then there shall be nothing
to hinder manifestation of truth. Since the Holy Qur‟aan is
nothing but the truth, the truth in every field of worldly as
well as heavenly life, a man of understanding shall not
hesitate to appreciate the beauty of the Holy Qur‟aan for its
excellence in social, economical, moral, earthly as well as
spiritual aspects.



As an accepted fact by intellectuals there is no match to
knowledge. Without knowledge darkness prevails because
knowledge is the essence of enlightenment. Riches of the
world are to be guarded for their protection while knowledge
guards the possessor of it. And that is why, considering
knowledge being the illumination for the mankind Islaam has
emphasized acquiring of knowledge to be an incumbent
factor on every male and female. In the Holy Qur‟aan so
much emphasis has been given to acquiring knowledge
because it is the main cause to distinguish between truth and
falsehood. Certainly knowledge of various sciences makes a
person recognize the truth. Ignorance has been so much
detested by the Holy Qur‟aan that the pre-Islaamic age of
desert Arabs and their pagan culture has been addressed as
„the age of ignorance‟. There are many verses of the Holy
Qur‟aan in praise of scientific knowledge. The people of
knowledge are admired by Almighty Allaah in this way,
“God will exalt those who believe among you and those who
have knowledge to high ranks.” H.Q.-LVIII: 11, and “Are
those who know equal to hose who do not know?” H.Q.-

Almighty Allaah likes so much for us to gain knowledge that
He has explicitly and unequivocally mentioned in His Holy
Book inviting people to reflect upon the signs of creation, the
heavens, the stars, planets, their astonishing celestial
movements, the cosmic order, creation of the earth, the seas,
mountains, deserts, the wonders contained below the earth,
the coming of days and parting of nights, and the changing of
seasons. The Almighty also urges to mediate on the extra
ordinary creation of plants, the way they grow and produce
sweet fruits right from the pitch dark earth, as well as the
multiplicity of animal kingdom.

The Holy Qur‟aan commands men to travel in the world in
order to witness other cultures and to investigate social
orders, history, and philosophy of past generations. It calls to
study natural sciences, mathematics, philosophy, arts, and all
useful sciences available to men. But the gaining of
knowledge should not be for the disaster of mankind. It
should be for the benefit of the creation of mankind and well-
being of society. It should not be a tool for the show-off and
boasting or for undermining others. Holy Qur‟aan
recommends the study of useful knowledge on the basis that
it may lead to truth and reality and that it should produce a
correct view of the world based on understanding of God, the
Great Creator, the Almighty Allaah S.W.T. Knowledge that
merely keeps a man occupied and prevents him/her from
knowing the reality of his/her own existence is similar to

The Holy Qur‟aan not only recommends and stimulates men
to study and gain knowledge but itself is a complete system
of education of divine knowledge. It provides for the best
model of human behavior and thought. This complete way of
life is called Islaam, the way of submission to the Creator of
all worlds.

So much said about the merits of the Holy Qur‟aan the
researchers admit that it is a source of light, the origin of
guidance, and the fountainhead of knowledge and
civilization. Human civilizations and the breakthrough that
men has made in science and general knowledge and its
progress are indebted to Muslim Scientists, researchers and
intellectuals who laid the groundwork for the emergence of
human sciences, natural, social and philosophical ones.

One has to read the Holy Qur‟aan deliberately, reflect on its
meanings, understand its contents, and grasp its spirit to be
benefited fully well. In it you will certainly find a revolution
against injustice, a banner calling for fighting oppressors, a
call to respect reason and man, a way to build complete
happy life, and prepare men for the next eternal life. Study
should be on wholesome basis, because partial understanding
of the Holy Qur‟aan means distortion of its concepts,
confusion of drawn conclusions, and narrowness which lead
to limitation of the horizon of Qur‟anic knowledge that also
flings the door wide open to the biased and foes of the Holy
Qur‟aan to push forward their nasty interpretation and false
charges., thus when they employ a flawed methodology it
never helps them to understand fully and soundly the divine

The Holy Qur‟aan is believed by all schools of thought to be
an authentic word of God. It was rendered in writing under
the command and personal supervision of the Holy Prophet
(S.A.W.W), and that no omission, addition or alteration
whatsoever ever took place in it. It is a verbatim recording of
the word of God. The Holy Prophet proclaimed it to be his
everlasting miracle bearing testimony of his prophet‟hood
and with it he challenged not only the Arabs and individuals
of his time who doubted the divine origin of the Holy
Qur‟aan, but also the whole mankind in general. Verse 23
and 24 of chapter 2 openly challenges that, “If you be in
doubt about what We have sent down unto our servant
(Muhammad S.A.W.W), produce ye then a chapter like
unto it, and call ye your witnesses other then God if ye be
truthful. But if ye do it not, and never shall ye do it, then
guard yourselves against the hell-fire whose fuel shall be
the people and stones, prepared for the disbelievers.” And
in chapter 17 v.8, “Say thou, even if men and jinn get

united (with the object) that they bring the like of this
Qur‟aan, they will bring not the like of it, even though
some of them to the others be helpers.” This outstanding
challenge was not bound for a particular time but it still
stands valid up to the last day on earth.



No one is able to point a daring finger to it because of its
truthfulness, sense, logic, guidance, eloquence and majesty.
Every commandment therein is full of wisdom and profitable
for one and all and all the negations and order for abstinence
are also for the well-being of mankind. For instance, the Holy
Qur‟aan emphasizes on Unity, hence who can deny the
benefits derived from unity? Likewise, it abhors intoxication;
drinking wines or any intoxicants have been declared
unlawful in all circumstances. Until science had not made
any progress in this matter it was only known that the
intoxicating drink makes a person loose his senses, but now it
is well branded that how great damage is done to the drinker,
physically as well as spiritually. Likewise, all good qualities
are commanded to obey because they promote GOOD
MORALES, e.g. giving charities, compulsory taxes as well
as voluntary ones, helping the poor and needy, having good
relations with relatives, to give full measure in trade, to be
sincere in all walks of life, etc., and as such, if all are to
follow faithfully its teachings then this world can‟t be the
place of murders, oppressions, bloodshed, bullying of big
nations, corruptions and all the evils we notice in everyday

PRAYERS : As we are the creation of Allaah S.W.T. and He
is our provider, our Protector and our Nourisher, we are
obliged to remember Him frequently. He made provision for
our life even before we were born, all His bounties were
already present for us to utilize; subsequently it is incumbent
on one to whom some good has been done to thank the
bestower of good. The five times prayers are strictly to be
adhered up to the last breathe. It has an expression of thanks
as well our requests to our Lord Allaah. It also teaches us to
have a sense of humanity as well to observe punctuality. A
person who sincerely prays his five daily prayers is made

clean of every dirt and evil. Moreover to gain more benefit
various recommended prayers and some special prayers are
prescribed. And there are some special prayers for specific
times for specific requests from the Almighty. In our every
work we should seek help from Allaah because all the final
decisions are from Him only; nothing can go against His
wish. Basically, prayers are the means to express our concern
to our Lord Nourisher Allaah S.W.T. This is the teaching we
get from the Holy Qur‟aan that nobody is worthy of worship
except Allaah only.

REPENTENCE : In the Holy Qur‟aan Allaah says that if
anyone has committed sins, howsoever great they may be, if
the sinner returns sincerely, repentantly and regretfully
towards Allaah, making amendments and with firm
determination not to repeat the sinful deeds, then He will
forgive him with His kindness. His doors are open for a
sincere repentant.

HONESTY : This is so much emphasized in the Holy
Qur‟aan that it is said that even when your enemy entrusts
you with something you must faithfully restore the deposit to
the owner without fail.

UNITY : The Holy Qur‟aan says, “Say, He is Allaah, One,
Unique, the Eternal, not depending on anyone, Independent,
He bigeteth not neither is He begotten, and there is non like
Him.” This is the unity of Allaah, the Almighty Creator. So
unity is one of His best attributes and so He likes His creation
to adopt unity in all aspects. This quality is the best to be
adhered if happiness and prosperity is desired. Where there is
unity happiness and prosperity always follow. A united
family is always secured of all outside troubles, and unity in a
nation is the source of its might. It is stressed in the Holy

Qur‟aan that unity should be preserved in all aspects and not
be divided, whether it be in a family, society, or nationwide.

KNOWLEDGE : It has been sufficiently said about this
subject in the preceding pages. It suffices to know that
knowledge is might while ignorance is disadvantage.
Tradition of the Holy Prophet says that the ink of a scholar is
heavier then the blood of a martyr (heavy in the sense of its

OBLIGATIONS : There are some obligations which are
ordained for the believers for their own benefit, e.g.
punctuality in the times of prayers, fasting in the month of
Holy Ramadhaan, going for Pilgrimage to Makka whenever
one is able to do so, paying of one fifth from whatever is left
from the property after all reasonable expenses, answer to the
call for a Holy War, enjoining right conduct and forbidding
indecency, friendship with righteous and keeping away and
distressing non-righteous, etc. So if one observer keenly into
these injunction one can clearly see that all the benefit goes
to those who practice them.

MONOTHEISM : The Holy Qur‟aan often puts stress on
this subject because this is the mainstream to be followed, if
one deviated from this then he can never achieve salvation.
Logically it can be proved even to laymen that God is One, if
there were more then one God the result would be nothing
but chaos in the universe. So everyone must have this belief
that God is One, Eternal, Everlasting, Who will gather us all
on the Day of Judgment, Allaah Who is the Light of heavens
and earth, the protecting friend of believers,, who creates
everything by His own wish, Who sustains all His creations,
He will cause us all to die and will resurrect us to be
rewarded or punished, as the case will be,, He is the One who

appointed for us the earth to be a dwelling place, and the sky
for a canopy, He fashioned us and perfected our shapes and
provides us with good things, He is Allaah, the Greatest, the
Almighty, the Everliving, Everlasting, All-Knowing, the
Most Kind, the Creator, the Guardian of all things. Therefore
one should realize and recognize that God is one only.
Anyone ascribing partners to Allaah shall never be forgiven
and will be subjected to the most severe punishment and
his/her abode shall be in the hell-fire.

CARING for Orphans, Widows, and Needy : These are
other virtuous deeds for which The Holy Qur‟aan
recommends us to perform. Allaah S.W.T. says that rich
people are His representatives and the poor are like His
family members. One who ponders over this statement can‟t
sit idle without taking proper care for those unfortunate ones.

RIGHTS : For us there are rights to be observed faithfully,
they are the rights of a parent to the children, rights of
children to the parents, right of an employer to the employed
and vice versa, rights of the workers, rights of the neighbors,
rights of the needy, poor and sick, rights of relatives, rights of
teachers, rights of a fellow believer, and rights of a fellow
human being even if he is a non believer. All these rights are
mentioned in detail in the book of jurisprudence.



Likewise there are other things on negative side for which we
are forewarned in the Holy Qur‟aan. Few to be mentioned
here are, polytheism, infidelity, cruelty, stinginess, breaking
the ties with relatives, extravagances, uttering bad words,
backbiting, oppressing the weak, ignoring the needy, drinking
intoxicant, etc.

Concerning infidelity the Holy Qur‟aan says in Surah
Baqarah verse 17, “Whoso denies the faith, his work is in
vain, and he will be among the losers in the hereafter.” So if
an unbeliever does any good thing one should not imagine
that he shall be rewarded in the Hereafter, he is the loser
because he has denied the basic requirement of his Creator,
so Allaah in His mercy may reward him here in this world in
any form, but he will surely be deprived of the everlasting
reward. Good deeds are accepted from the believers only.

Preventing people to have access to the path of Allaah, e.g.
Hindrance to visiting the Holy Places such as Masjidul
Haraam and other Holy Shrines is also a big crime and heavy
punishment awaits the culprits.

Then, Hypocrisy is mentioned as the most heinous crime. It
is stated that hypocrites shall be the most suffering guys in
the Hereafter. In fact, it was by those accursed hypocrites that
the religion was presented in distorted forms according to
their own tastes. People went astray because of these
hypocrites and still are on the same track, they pretend to be
religious but at heart they are the actual enemies of religion.

Treachery, deceit, and lying also are most condemned
immoralities. A liar can never be a faithful person because he
is always trying to mislead people to meet his own ends.

Usury and Stinginess are the notorious factors which deny
others the benefit they deserve. The Holy Qur‟aan says that
one will not be able to reach to perfection until s/he wishes
for others the same as s/he wishes for oneself. While usury
and stinginess make the rich even richer and the poor get

Pride and Ridiculing others can ruin the society. Its bad
effects are very disgusting. Allaah S.W.T. wishes that
everyone in society should live peacefully and respectfully.

Intoxication: Prior to Islaam, during the ages of ignorance
many people used to drink wine but Islaam strictly prohibited
its use in any form. The intoxicants are so much hated that
the supplications of a drunkard is never accepted by the
Almighty Allaah. All the Prophets and Imaams A.S.
themselves even in their linage up to the highest ancestry,
never ever touched any wines or intoxicating drinks. This is
not for Muslims only but faithful Christians also don‟t drink
intoxicants because it is detested in their books also, e.g. in
chapter 10 of the book of Leviticus relates that the Lord
said to Aaron, “Drink no wine nor strong drink, you nor
your sons with you, when you go into the tent of the
meeting lest you die, it shall be a statute (law / decree) for
ever through out your generation, you are to distinguish
between the holy and the common and between the clean
and the unclean.” (Lev.10:8-10). And in chapter 1 of Luke
relates praises of John the Baptist that, “He will be great
before the Lord, and he shall drink no wine nor strong
drink.” (Luke. 1:15)

Allaah S.W.T. says in the Holy Qur‟aan, “Indeed this
Qur‟an guides to the path which is clearer and straighter

then any other.” (XVII: 9). and, “We have revealed to you
the Book which clarifies every matter.” (XVI: 89). Thus,
moral virtues and a general legal system governing all
aspects of human behavior are exemplified in numerous
Qur‟anic verses which mention the principles of religious



So much said about the marvels and majesty of the Holy
Qur‟aan makes it clear that this book is direct from our

Creator dictated to the Holy Prophet Muhammad Mustafa
S.A.W.W. Through this holy book and the narrations of the
Holy Prophet we have not been left unattended, but we have
a very rich heritage of the manual of complete code of life,
explaining and guiding us on every step of our life up to the
last moment. This clearly proves that Allaah really cares
much for His creation. It is said that the love of Allaah for his
creation is symbolically seventy times more then the love of a
mother to her child, or even more.

It is also certainly a great mercy from Allaah that He sent the
Holy Prophet to the mankind for proper guidance. Now let us
see the life history of the Holy Prophet to whom such a
marvelous Book as the Holy Qur‟aan was revealed.

The blessed life of the Prophet of Islaam, Muhammad
Mustafa S.A.W.W. was within a very short period of 63
years, out of which he spent 53 difficult years in Makka and
the final ten years in Madina. He fought 83 defensive wars
during this short span of ten years in Madina, above his
untiring efforts to spread the true religion in Arabia and up to
far and wide. Imagine how he managed undertaking to
accomplish of transforming a barbarous and ignorant society
into a civilized one on one hand and deal with the imposed
wars on the other. It was indeed the most enormous task
entrusted to him. And it was through his excellent discretion
that he accomplished the task without fail.

Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.W. was the grandson of H.Abdul
Muttalib (a.s), a notable noble and chief of the city of Makka.
His father H.Abdullah (a.s) passed away only a few months
before he was born. His kind and affectionate mother Bibi
Aamina S.A. also left for eternal abode when the Holy
Prophet was only 8 years of age. So he was caringly brought

up by his noble grandfather H.Abdul Muttalib (a.s), and when
he also left this world the Holy Prophet was entrusted to his
noble Uncle H.Abu Talib (a.s).

For full forty years the Holy Prophet remained within the
prevailing ignorant society of Arabia but himself strictly
adhering to the best morals. So much so that he was called
„Al-Ameen‟ and „As-Saadiq‟, meaning the trustworthy, the
true. He was so much kind, compassionate, true, righteous,
faithful and trustworthy that he was revered and loved by one
and all. But as soon as the Holy Prophet announced the
message of God and his Apostleship the affluent society
turned against him, his supporters were the poor and weak
people. His main message was that no one should be
worshipped except the Creator Almighty Allaah only. But at
that time idol worshipping was in full swing in Arabia, and
the poor and weak people were under the clutches of the rich
and mighty people. So the rich and affluent ones saw their
selfish interest to be at stake as a result of the propagation of
the Holy Prophet, because if people started worshipping One
God then who would remain there to be enslaved by them,
and so their protests against the Holy Prophet new no bounds.
But as he was under the protection of his uncle Abu Talib
A.S. no one dared to attack him directly. Abu Talib A.S.‟s
affection towards the Holy Prophet was instilled by his late
father Abdul Muttalib A.S. because he had seen and
witnessed that he was sincerely loved and revered by him. He
often saw that Abdul Muttalib A.S. fixed his eyes on the
Holy Prophet and said to those present, “This child is very
honorable.” He often gave place to the Holy Prophet besides
him in the shade of the Holy Kaaba where even his own
brothers could not aspire to sit.

After the sad demise of Abdul Muttalib A.S. his son Abu
Talib A.S. inherited from him the leadership of Quraish. As
he was a distinguished chief of the tribe once a delegation
from the polytheists approached him to complain about the
activities of Monotheism by the Holy Prophet. They said to
him that his nephew had introduced a new system and was
denying the godship of their idols, so he should hand over
him to them and instead they will give to him one of the
handsome youths from their tribe to stay with him. But the
response from Abu Talib A.S. was in firm negative. He
always encouraged the Holy Prophet to go on with his task of
propagation without any fear. May be he was divinely well
informed of the mystery of future linking the present. He
always attended to the needs of his nephew very meticulously
and was extremely kind to him. Once when they were
traveling to Syria a monk named Bahira also had foretold
Abu Talib A.S. to take much care of his nephew because he
observed some mysterious signs in him which led for him to
become a towering personality in near future.

Then came the time when The Holy Prophet married Khadija
S.A. a respected and prominent lady of high morals. They
loved sincerely each other and the wealth of Khadija S.A.
was willingly spent on the welfare of poor and needy
Muslims. The true and pure love of the Holy Prophet towards
Khadija S.A. can be manifested from the fact that he never
married another lady during the lifetime of Lady Khadija
S.A. Their love was mutual. When the family of the Holy
Prophet was confined by the infidels to a distant place in a
valley outside Makka for three long years then Lady Khadija
S.A. also accompanied the Holy Prophet and willingly
endured all the tribulations of going without food and water
for long periods and facing the over looming dangers from
the polytheist enemies. They had to face so much starvation

that sometimes they used to consume even the leaves of trees.
Finally when the boycott was over after few days Lady
Khadija breathed her last, one of the reasons of her sad
demise was the over-enduring of the difficulties of sanctions
and boycott.

Abu Talib A.S. was so much affectionate to his nephew, the
Holy Prophet that he was always ready even to sacrifice the
lives of his own sons so as to save the Holy Prophet. This
often happened when the family of the Holy Prophet was
boycotted and they had to move to a place in the valley on
the outskirts of Makka, they were confined there and were
under continuous threat from the polytheist to kill the Holy
Prophet. So at night Abu Talib A.S. often replaced his own
sons to the place where the Holy Prophet used to sleep and
remove him from there to another place, he did this to save
the Holy Prophet even at the cost of giving the life of his own

As long as Abu Talib A.S. was living the enemies did not
dare attack the Holy Prophet. But he was sure that after his
demise the polytheists would not leave his nephew without
harming him. So when he saw his end was nearing he
assembled his family members and said to them, “I exhort
you to behave well with Muhammad because he is known as
„honest‟ among Quraish and is famous among the Arabs for
his truthfulness, and all the good qualities are combined in
him. I can imagine very well that the indigents and the
nomads have gathered around him and have accepted his
invitation and confirmed his words, their movement have
become strong, the chiefs and elders of Quraish have been
humiliated, the weak persons have become honorable, those
who were opposed to him are most obedient to him and those
who are most apart from him are profiting more by remaining

in his service. O Quraish! Support and revere him, I swear
by God that whoever follows his path will be saved and
whoever acts on his advice will become prosperous. If I had
lived and death had granted respite I would have defended
him from calamities of time because he is truthful and honest.
Accept his invitation. Cooperate with one another in
supporting him and fight against his enemies, because so long
you.” These are the words of the noble uncle of the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. whom the ignorant and biased people
blame that he was not a Muslim !!! But the people with
insight know very well the reason behind that. May be they
could not find any fault with his son Ali A.S. and so the
bitterness is poured on his innocent father.

Abu Talib A.S. rendered his support to the Holy Prophet for
forty two years. He opposed his own tribe Quraish for the
sake of the Holy Prophet. He supported his declaration of
Prophet‟hood till his last moments. In fact it was just after the
death of Abu Talib A.S. that the Holy Prophet felt that he was
really lonely now, nobody to defend him from the polytheist
enemies. But anyhow the Holy Prophet was not left alone on
his own. There was Ali A.S. the son of Abu Talib A.S. even
though in a very young age, but he stood firmly by the side of
the Prophet and defended, protected and helped him in every

Consequently the command from the Lord to His Prophet
was revealed to leave his native land of Makka and migrate
to Madina. When on one night the enemies surrounded the
house of the Holy Prophet with the malicious intention to kill
him, the Holy Prophet told Ali A.S. the command of Allaah
which was delivered to him for migration. Imaam Ali A.S.
slept on the empty bed of the Holy Prophet and the Holy

Prophet left the house miraculously. It was a very critical
situation because enemies were standing outside the house
with drawn swords ready to attack the Holy Prophet, as such
they could have rushed in any time suddenly and target
Imaam Ali (a.s) considering him to be the Holy Prophet.
When the enemies were peeping through the cracks they
mistook Ali (a.s) to be the Holy Prophet. At dawn-break they
thronged inside the house only to notice that their vision had
betrayed them, the Holy Prophet had already left. This was a
great sacrifice from Imaam Ali (a.s) that he did not care for
his own life even in such dangerous situation, it was his only
desire that the Prophet should safely go away unharmed.
Without cooperation from Imaam Ali (a.s) it is difficult to
imagine how the mode of history would have gone.
Fundamentally, Imaam Ali (a.s) was reared from his very
childhood by his father to accompany and cooperate with the
Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. so as to be helpful to him in all

In Madina the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. established the first
Islaamic state. Although he was the head of the state and had
every power of execution whatsoever he wished, but he never
did anything which was against morality. Even the non-
Muslims residing there were given freedom of worship, and
they were also judged on the basis of justice. Although there
were some Jews residing in Madina who were staunch
enemies of Islaam and were in constant look-out for the right
opportunity to attack and abolish Islaam, but never did the
Holy Prophet deported them or discriminate between them
and the Muslims, all affairs were running on the basis of
justice. In spite of this sublime behaviour towards them the
Jews hatched a nasty plan to attack Muslims and they fought
against the Muslims. But they were never subjected to any
injustice by the Islamic government.



Maintaining the mankind on the right path and keeping them
away from ignorance through Islaam was the aim of the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. The barbarous and ignorant society of
Arabia were to such an extent ruthless that when a baby girl
was born to a woman the small innocent baby was buried
alive, because in their opinion a woman did not have any
importance in this world. And if there happened to be a fight
between two persons the revenge would continue up to
generations. There was no any moral cod of life, it depended
on the might of a person, nonsensical revenges were carried
forward up to many generations, uncountable man-made
deities were considered as their gods, superstition was their
way of life, and thus they were deeply sunk in the darkness of
ignorance. It was really a tough task to mould such a society
into a humane way. But the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.
undertook that task and in spite of untold troubles and
hindrances he was successful in his mission.

The Almighty Allaah because of His Mercy wished that his
creation should not thus wander in wilderness and ruin their
lives in both worlds. So He sent His Prophet to guide us. The
very first step taken by the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. to teach
us was that one should not worship any one except Allaah,
because nobody deserves to be worshipped but Him alone.
He is our Creator, He nourishes us, we are from Him, and we
are to return to Him, and each and everything in this vast
universe belongs to Him, so why should anyone worship any
other then Allaah? The Holy Prophet also taught the
principles of justice which eventually leads men to salvation,
felicity and happiness. He also taught to stop corruption, fight
injustice, help the oppressed, and look after the needy. He
taught the Holy Qur‟aan which is a precise guidance for the
whole mankind. In various ways he prepared people to reach

to the highest potential, and he taught the benefits of
enjoining good and forbidding evil. He established peace at
all times. He made people realize their nature and origin,
from where they came and whereto they are proceeding. He
made people realize the aim and goal of life. He established
balance, moderation and righteousness thus making life easy
and pleasant to one and all. He established brotherhood
amongst each; its effect was so much that when the disparate
people migrated from Makka to Madina they had to abandon
all their properties and wealth over there, they reached to
Madina penniless, but each Medinite willingly offered half of
his wealth to the migrants. Principles of trade, social
behavior, and kindness towards each other, faithfulness,
cleanliness, morality and perfect faith on the Almighty
Allaah were emphasizingly taught by the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. Finally, after preaching, teaching and
practicing himself, he declared that this was Islaam
-a way of life- the religion accepted by Allaah. Actually all
his teachings are so absolute, pure, and logical that no one
can ever dare point an accusing or doubtful finger at it.

There is logic behind all the teachings of Islaam. Few
examples to prove this are here:

Praying five times a day: A person who faithfully follows
the rule of praying punctually realizes that he stands in front
of the All-Powerful Lord and all his requests and needs are
forwarded to Him, so it shall be engraved in his mind that
only Allaah is worthy of worship and thus he will be
fulfilling the principle of Monotheism. Then he shall never
have an inclination to bow down to any wealthy person
because of his wealth, or to any mighty person for his might.
His sole dependence will be on Allaah only, through his own

efforts. Moreover there are physical benefits also in the acts
of prayers.

Fasting : As for the institution of Fasting in one lunar month
a year, we are told to observe fasting in the month of Holy
Ramadhaan. Being a lunar month it rotates round the year
and a person of approximately thirty five to forty years
should have fasted during all seasons of the year, thus
making him tough enough to endure the hunger and thirst in
any season of the year. Above all that a fasting person
develops his will power because of abstaining from food and
drink. He also will never go for unlawful things because he
has practiced abstinence even to the lawful things. Moreover,
besides benefiting from spiritual rewards the fasting person
get physical benefits also, and this is clearly proven by
science that fasting controls obesity, it regulates balance in
weight, it sharpens memory, it rejuvenates all bodily systems,
and it keeps diseases at bay. Another benefit is that if one
properly observes fasting he can save something for the
needy. One can also experience the pangs of hunger which
the less fortunate experience daily, thus it arouses a sort of
affection towards them leading to giving a helping hand to

Likewise going on Pilgrimage, paying religious taxes, etc.
every law of Islamic shariah is full of logic and they really
make sense.


                CHOOSING THE RIGHT

As mentioned earlier the Almighty Allaah is so much kind to
His creation that he has not left them solely on their own but
has provided perfect guidance in the form of His Messengers
and Imams so that they may not wander in the darkness of

As for the term „Prophet‟ there is no confusion because all
are unanimous regarding its meaning. But the word “Imaam”
confuses the minds of some people. Actually „Imaam‟ means
a leader, and in Islamic terminology an „Imaam‟ means „the
man who, in succession to the Prophet, has the right to
the absolute command of the Muslims in all religious and
secular affairs‟.

Every Prophet that was sent by Allaah to the mankind was
succeeded by his rightful successors to carry on the work of
the Prophet. And in our case also the system was not
different. After the sad demise of the Holy Prophet the
Imams, his successors, were appointed for the command of
all affairs, whether religious or secular. The Imaams after the
Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. are twelve in number. The very first
Imaam being Imaam Ali bin Abu Talib A.S. and the last
Imaam is Imaam Mehdi A.S. the twelfth successor of the
Holy Prophet, who is in occultation by the command of
Allaah S.W.T. and will reappear in the world on the
appointed time known to Allaah only. The Holy Prophet was
asked the names of his successors and he clearly named all
the twelve Imaams.

Anyhow it was an irony of fate that the commandments of
the Holy Prophet were not obeyed because of personal

reasons of the hypocrites and consequently that immense
misfortune happened which ought not to happen, i.e.
divisions within the religion.

So it is most essential that every individual should ponder
over the matters concerning the Faith, take reason as his
guide, and find out where the truth is. But this is only
possible when one has a clear view of radical differences in
front of him, and discarding all bias and prejudices, examines
thoughtfully on the points at issue, and prays to Allaah
S.W.T. to lead him on the correct and right path.

One should not rest contented and satisfied that he is
rightfully following on the footsteps of his forefathers. He
must think and search the truth by himself. What if the
forefathers were mistaken or misguided? Shall you be
pleased to tread on the same mistaken path? Read the Ayat
no:6 of Surah-e-Yaaseen wherein it is stated that to warn
the people whose fathers were not warned. So, perhaps the
forefathers deliberately or otherwise missed the message of
truth, or it might had never reached them.

Therefore in these ages of intelligence every individual is
equally obliged to search for the truth, even by painstaking,
because if you have missed the track its consequences shall
be far more dreadful, and then it will be too late to return. We
have good and authentic books to read, (for which
unfortunately many have no any taste to read them), we have
got every type of facility at our disposal so as to discover the
truth, and above all, we have been endowed with a sense of
knowing right and wrong. So it is a dire pity for a person who
clings to the faith which he has not confirmed sensibly to be
the right one.

A point to remember is that it is not essential that Prophets
and Imaams should have political power. More then ninety
percent of Prophets did not have political power, most of
them were persecuted and apparently helpless victims of
the ruling parties of their times. Their glory was not put
in crowns and thrones; it was placed in sufferings and
martyrdom. Same was for the Prophet of Islaam, his aim
was not political power but his main characteristic was
„Representative of Allaah‟. And that title was not given to
him by the people, Allaah chose him for that purpose and He
bestowed that title to him. Likewise, the same pattern is for
the successors of the Prophet, the Imaams. They are
„Representatives of Allaah‟, appointed by Allaah through His
Prophet; people are not given the right to choose an Imaam.
An Imam of the Mosque, or Imam of the community, or
Imaam of prayers is another thing usually spoken to respect
those chosen by the people for certain assignment. But an
Imaam from the Progeny of the Holy Prophet is the supreme
leader above whom there is no one except Allaah and his
Prophet. There are certain qualifications of an Imaam, a
person less then those qualities can never be considered an

Therefore, it is not necessary that a rightful Caliph to be a
King or a Monarch. Our Leader in true sense is the one who
is the most knowledgeable, the most prudent, and the most
affectionate to the creation of Allaah S.W.T. so as to make
people walk on virtuous track and be blessed with its sweet


Ali (a.s) son of Abu Talib (a.s) was the only companion of
the Prophet of Islaam that never parted from him since his
tender age. From his very childhood Ali (a.s) remained
constantly in the company of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. till
his last moments. Ali (a.s) was so close to him and so
trustworthy and faithful that the Holy Prophet at many
instances declared explicitly that “I and Ali are of the same
light”, and “My first caliph is Ali, he is my Vicegerent”. At
the very first instance when Ali A.S. was declared the
successor of the Holy Prophet was in Makka when the Holy
Prophet assembled the Quraish chiefs to proclaim his
Prophet‟hood, in that gathering he asked three times that who
will be ready to become his helper but no body responded
except Imaam Ali (a.s) There the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.
declared clearly that “Ali is my helper, my Vizier, and the
executor of my will”. Although there were numerous
companions around the Holy Prophet S.A.A.W., some were
faithful, some truthful, some sincere, and some were also
brave, but there also were some unfaithful, hypocrites, liars
and disobedient, but due to his par excellence patience and
fortitude the Holy Prophet tolerated them, he did not chase
them away from him.

So Imaam Ali (a.s) was the only companion of the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. who was together with him since his
childhood, and unlike some of the companions, he had never
ever worshipped any other then Almighty Allah S.W.T. He
was brave, faithful, sincere, daring, mighty, and truthful.
History is witness to all his qualities and attributes. As for his
bravery, the battles of Badr, Uhad, Khayber, Khandaq, etc.
are the witnesses to his prowess; they could never have been
won if there would not have been Ali A.S. to go to fight the

enemies. History is replete with his deeds of bravery,
moreover he always fought a defensive war, never was any
fight initiated by him. He always protected the Holy Prophet
from enemies, while other companions did not even feel an
act of shame to abandon the Holy Prophet, they fled away
from the battlefield leaving the Prophet surrounded by the
blood-thirsty enemies. Ali A.S. always stood firmly besides
the Holy Prophet defending him.

It is not meant that the armies of Islaam did not have success
in wars when Imaam Ali A.S. was not present in the army,
that is, when he was deliberately abandoned by the ruling
parties, of course they had won the wars, but the vast
difference lies in the truth that when Islaam was yet a
developing nation there were no many fighters to go on the
warfront, Islaamic army had to fight a multitude of infidels
forces with only a handful of Muslim fighters, and Imaam Ali
A.S. was the foremost fighter in the Islaamic army where
more then ninety percent of success was due to him; while
after the Holy Prophet, Islaam had already flourished and
there were many soldiers in the vast army of Muslims, and
they thus did won the battles on the force of great number of

Khaybar was a place where Jews were settled and had built a
very strong fort all around their settlement. In the battle of
Khaybar Imaam Ali A.S.‟s might can be seen from that
instance when for many days the so-called brave companions
returned one by one defeated by the Jews. Then the Holy
Prophet sent Imaam Ali A.S to fight the Jews and he returned
triumphant within a very short time, he alone dislocated a
mighty gate of the fort in Khaiber with one hand only, he
lifted it over the trench and Muslim army passed over it to the

other side. In fact a vicegerent of the Holy Prophet should be
like that because he must possess excellence in all attributes.

In the battle of Badr forty days passed but the encamping
Muslim army could not conquer the enemies. Many
prominent companions were given opportunity by the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. to go and encounter the enemy; indeed
they went but returned without success. On the fortieth day
the Holy Prophet announced that now he will send a person
to defeat and conquer the enemies, the person will be he who
loves Allaah and His Prophet, and Allaah and His Prophet
loves him. So the Holy Prophet sent Imaam Ali A.S. to the
battle field, and indeed he returned victoriously within a short

Likewise in the battle of Ahzaab (Khandaq) a mighty
warrior called Marhab came challenging the Muslims to
come forward for a fight, nobody went to answer him
because they knew that Marhab was a dreadful warrior of
Arabia, but Imaam Ali A.S. instantly confronted him,
subjugated him and conquered the battle.

Thus we can see in the history that in every battle that the
Muslims had encountered Imaam Ali A.S. was the focal
centre around whom revolved the fate of victory. Without Ali
it is hard to imagine how Islaam could have survived.

After the sad demise of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. Imaam
Ali (a.s) was deprived of his right to caliphate and was totally
ignored by the ruling party but he endured all the injustices to
its final limits. Although at times and again he reminded the
ruling party about his right as willed and instructed by the
Holy Prophet, but he was purposely ignored by them. The
Holy Prophet had at many instances announced that his

immediate successor was Imaam Ali (a.s) but all his words
fell on deaf ears. Some greedy people just on the very
instance of the sad demise of the Holy Prophet assembled at a
place called Saqeefa and distributed caliphate among
themselves without the concern of majority in Madina or in
other cities. At his last moments the Holy Prophet thought of
the appointment of Imaam Ali that it should be put down on
paper so as to emphasize the matter, he demanded for writing
material at that moment but a so-called respected companion,
one among those greedy people, deliberately and harshly
stopped the Prophet‟s wish to be fulfilled. Thus took a
strange and dangerous turn of history. Prophet‟s call was cast
off and right caliphate was misdirected. But Imaam Ali A.S.
endured all the mischievous deeds and injustices in the
interest of Islaam; he remained silent for the long twenty
three years until the masses realized his value and thronged at
him to make him accept the caliphate and ruler ship.

People with shallow thinking mistook caliphate to be the
means to attain to power and wealth. While, in fact caliphate
is the inheritance of the duty of a Prophet. Caliphate or
Imaamat is a divine appointment made through the
Prophet, not by election or selection. The inheritor of the
Prophet must be similar to the Prophet in all aspects. Every
Tom, Dick and Harry can‟t attain to that position. It is
endowed by the Almighty Allaah only. In the Holy Qur‟aan it
is clearly mentioned that the Prophet does not utter a single
word on his own accord, whatever he speaks it is direct from
Allaah S.W.T., so when the Holy Prophet had distinctly said
that Ali will be his immediate successor then what else did
the so-called followers and companions needed to further
clarify. History proves that gathering at Saqeefa and
performing a drama of election was all pre-planned and
hatched long time ago. They did not want Ali A.S. to be on

the seat of caliphate, because they did not value their
Prophet‟s words, since many of them had but reluctantly
accepted Islam, it was not deep rooted in their hearts, and
they were damn sure that due to their love towards this
transient world they did not want to abide by the Islaamic
laws which would be implemented by Imaam Ali A.S.
Otherwise a true Muslim‟s behavior should be that even a
single word of the Prophet should be regarded more precious
then a pearl. On his dying bed the Prophet was blamed by
Omar bin Khattaab shouting that he speaks out of his senses
(God forbid) and thus he was denied to write anything,
because he very well knew what the Prophet was going to
write. If it was written then there was no way out for them to
grab the power.

Imaam Ali (a.s) maintained silence and did not rise against
the usurpers; it was so because he was foretold by the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. that if he used force against the Dhalims
then Islaam would be at stake, it would have been nipped in
its bud before it could blossom. There were internal enemies
comprising of hypocrites who had unwillingly accepted
Islaam, and on the external side there was Roman Empire and
others waiting for an opportune time to attack Muslims and
wipe out Islaam totally. So if Imaam Ali would have been
strict in recovering his right there would have been a certain
disaster to Islaam by internal tribal wars as well from external
enemies. Therefore it was in the interest of Islaam to let go
his own right but Islaam was left to be going on unharmed.



Da‟awat-e-Zul‟asheera : Details pertaining this incident was
already mentioned earlier. This was the very first declaration
from the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. concerning Imaam Ali A.S.
that, “This is my brother, my successor and my caliph among
you; listen to him and obey him”

Hadeeth-e-Ghadeer : It is the most accepted tradition by all
schools of thought. It was while returning from the farewell
Pilgrimage, at the place called Ghadeer-e-Khum, in a
scorching mid-day sun of Arabia, in the presence of
approximately 120000 persons that the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. clearly declared, by holding high up Imaam Ali
A.S. , making visible to one and all, that, “ to whomsoever I
am „Mawla‟ then this Ali is also his „Mawla‟.” It is another
conspiracy that people distorted the meaning of „Mawla‟
twisting it to their own taste. In this context basically
„Mawla‟ means „Master, the vicegerent, the caliph, the just
and upright leader to whom obedience is obligatory‟. The
offenders of this tradition surprisingly say that „Mawla‟
means „friend‟; but considering the urgency of that massage
it does not carry any sense to accept that „Mawla‟ means a
„friend‟. Its urgency is first of all manifested from the verses
of the Holy Qur‟aan, in which Allaah S.W.T. commands his
Prophet to relay the message, thereafter he is commanded
that if he will not relay it then it would be as if he had not
done anything regarding propagation of Islaam, and Allaah
guaranteed protection to His Prophet from the harms of
people. This is sufficient to a sensible mind to realize how
much immensity the message carried. Then, it was not a
comfortable environment as at home to talk of friendships,

the time was precise noon, the heat was from the scorching
Arabian mid-day sun, people could not rest their feet on the
ground without laying something underneath, and in this
prickly situation the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. ordered the
proceeding caravan of Hujjaj (Pilgrims) to halt and wait for
those left behind and prepare a pulpit for him to deliver the
message. If it was only to say that Ali was his friend then
what all that urgency was for? He could certainly tell the
people while walking and talking. It is far from reason to
think that the Prophet stood in that glowing heat merely to
say that Ali was his friend. And if it was a matter of
friendship then why the prominent companions congratulated
Imaam Ali A.S. on that instance saying that he was their
Mawla and the Mawla of all believers. Friendship does never
need congratulation. But the message was weighty, it
required full attention and participation to witness that was
relayed, so that there would remain no excuse thereafter.

 Hadeeth-e-Manzilat :The Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. said,
“Ali is to me as Harun was to Musa, except that after me
there shall come no any Prophet.” It is known that Harun was
the immediate vicegerent.

Khandaq : In the battle of Khandaq when Imam Ali a.s.
went to answer the challenge from the furious enemy Umar
bin Abdawud the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. said, “The whole
Faith has emerged unto a whole polytheism.”

Tabuk : During the battles of Tabuk in Hijra 9, the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. ordered Ali A.S. to stay in Madina during
his absence, he said, “I should not go unless I leave you, you
are my successor.” (ref: Al Hakim in Al Mustadrak, and Al
Zehabi in his summary).

A sign of faith : The Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. said to Imaam
Ali A.S. , “You will not be endeared but by a faithful
(believer) and will not be hated but by a hypocrite.”

Fighting for correct interpretation : The Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. said, “There is one person among you who will
fight for the sake of correct interpretation of Holy Qur‟aan as
I fought for the sake of safe keeping of its revelation.” And
he pointed to Imaam Ali A.S. to be that person.

Dearest to Allaah : One day a bird‟s meat was cooked for
the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. but he did not start eating it and
said, “O God let come one among the dearest one of You to
eat the bird with me.” And Ali A.S. came and shared with the

Ali (a.s) and knowledge : The Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. said,

The most Just : The Holy Prophet said, “The most just
among you is Ali.”

Truth with Ali (a.s) : The Holy Prophet said, “Ali is with
truth and truth is with Ali, they shall never be separated till
they meet me at the Fountain.”

Successor and Inheritor : The Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.
said, “Every Prophet had a successor and Inheritor and mine
is Ali.” (ref: Mizan Al-Etedaal)

From The Prophet ; The Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. said, “Ali
is from me and I am from Ali. No one will pay on my behalf
except me and Ali.” (ref: Kanzul Ammaal 5:41)

Guardian : The Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. said, “ I am from
Ali and Ali is from me, and he is the guardian of every
believer after me.”

Brother and Inheritor : The Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. said to
Ali A.S., “You are my brother and my Inheritor.” At many
instances he addressed Imaam Ali A.S. as a brother. He twice
announced his bond of brotherhood to Imam Ali A.S. once
before migration and one after it.

These are the narratives of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.

As for the Qur‟anic verses regarding Imaam Ali A.S. Ibne
Abbas says, “In the Book of God there exists three hundred
verses pertaining to Imaam Ali A.S.” From amongst them
hereunder we mention three only:

             (1) “Indeed your guardian is God and His
messenger, and those who believe, who establish the prayers
and give alms while they bow down (in worship)”. H.Q.5:58
The occasion of revelation of this verse was that when Imaam
Ali (a.s) was praying in the Masjid and a beggar came therein
begging for alms, nobody paid heed to him, but Imaam Ali
(a.s) stretched his hand in which he had a ring and gave it to
the beggar in charity. Thus God confirms his guardianship
over the people as that of God and His Prophet.

            (2) “This is what God desires – to avoid upon
you the sin, members of the House, and purify you a (perfect)
purification.” H.Q. 33:33. This verse caters the condition for
the one to be an Imam because an Imaam of the Ummah must
be an infallible and impeccable. The occasion of this verse
was that the Holy Prophet gathered Imaam Ali, his daughter

Fatima Zehra, and his two grandsons Imaam Hasan and
Imaam Hussain (a.s) under one covering with himself and the
Archangel Jibraeel descended with this verse of purification.

            (3) “If anyone disputed therein after the
knowledge has come to you, say: „Come, let us gather our
sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves
and yourselves, then pray and invoke curse of God upon the
liars.‟” H.Q. 3:61. This was when the chistians of Najran
disputed with the Prophet. In this verse Imaam Ali is
classified as the self of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.

It can be a wonder if someone needs more proof to satisfy his
heart that Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) is the immediate successor
of the Prophet, the rightful Caliph of the Muslim Ummah and
the Imaam. To those who say the Book of God is sufficient
for them there are plenty of Qur‟anic verses testifying that
Ali is the immediate successor to the Prophet, moreover the
authentic traditions are also saying the same.

If only Qur‟aan was sufficient for people then what was the
need to send a guide by Allaah S.W.T. He sent the Prophet to
establish religion through the rules and regulations of the
Holy Qur‟aan and the life span of the Prophet was not
enough for the complete work so the Imaams were sent to
reinforce the rules and regulations for their continuation.
Qur‟aan is such a majestic book that all its commandments
can‟t be understood fully by everyone, there must be a divine
guide to explain it, and it is the Imaam named by the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. who can do it. The Imaam is appointed
by none other then Allaah Himself through the Holy Prophet.
The world can‟t remain without a just Imaam even for a
single day. The Imaam, the vicegerent of the Holy Prophet, is
present in this world till the last day, even though he is in

occultation but his existence is necessary. He is helping the
creatures of Allaah every now and then and there are many
authentic instances where people have also seen him with
their own eyes. But it is the provision of Allaah that he
should remain unseen from the public eyes until the time of
his reappearance comes. May Almighty Allaah hasten the
reappearance of Imaam Mehdi A.S. (the twelfth successor of
the Holy Prophet) so as to wipe out all evils from the world
and establish peace and justice all around. Aameen.



Even though it was at every proper opportune that the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. did not miss to introduce Imaam Ali A.S.
as his immediate successor but he had a deep feeling in his
heart that those people around him would most probably rob
him away of his right. The people who did not pay heed to
the Prophet‟s own words during his life were certainly
doubted by the Prophet that weather they would follow his
instructions after his death. So as to reinforce the caliphate of
Imaam Ali (a.s) the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. on his death-bed
ordered most people to go and join the army of Asama bin
Zaid which was on the expedition to the land of Balkha.
Except Ali (a.s) and his party all the prominent companions,
sheikhs, and chiefs of tribes were ordered to join the army,
and whoever disobeyed the Prophet‟s order was
forewarned of the curses from the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. The Holy Prophet was in haste to send them away
from Madina so as to dematerialize their mischief and plans
they had hatched for the vacancy to take place on the sad
demise of the Holy Prophet. The Prophet hasted and his
Ummah delayed. Situation was serious. The Holy Prophet
was nearing his sad demise. The Prophet was extremely
pained to see disobedience of the so-called prominent figures.
He cursed them, and his curse was the Prophet‟s curse, it is
echoing today and shall echo tomorrow as it was yesterday.

If the commandment of the Holy Prophet had been obeyed
the course of history would have changed to be the glittering
pages of history. But the events that followed, the differences
that flooded, the unity of Muslims that was swept, the blood
that flowed in wars and favoritism, the power that became
feeble, and the blows on religious sanctity, – all this
happened because of the open disobedience to the Prophet‟s
order. The greed to power and worldly wishes overtook the

Muslims and they were subjugated to their vain desires. What
a great disaster was there earned by their own hands. The
Prophet tried his best for their salvation but they deliberately
missed the sublime opportunity.

As a last resort the Holy Prophet said, “Bring me a pen and
paper to write a treatise for you so that you will never go
astray after me.” What an golden opportunity the Muslims
had! A bounty for not only those who were present but for
the entire posterity. But alas! Omar bin Khattab prevented
him from writing. He shouted that the Prophet was speaking
nonsense (Allaah forbid) and the Book of Allaah was
sufficient for them! One wonders that a person who sat on the
high seat of caliphate could not even know that whatever the
Prophet speaks it is not of his own accord but it is a
revelation from Allaah S.W.T. According to his words that
the Book of Allaah was sufficient for them, then this also
solidly proves his ignorance of the Book of Allaah because it
is mentioned in the Book of Allaah to obey the Prophet,
while he contravened the Prophet‟s order to let him write a
Will; it is also written therein that whatever the Prophet
speaks it is not by his own accord but is actually from Allaah
S.W.T. so what he blamed to the Prophet that he was
speaking out of his senses actually is a blame he put on
Almighty Allaah S.W.T.

Historians have written that Omar bin Khattab very well
made out what the Prophet intends to write because when he
said that „let me write something for you so that you may not
go astray, so he recalled the Prophet‟s hadeeth where he had
said that, “I leave behind me two weighty things, the Book
of Allaah and my Ahlulbait, these both will not part till
they meet me at the Fountain, if you adhere to these both,
you will never go astray.” The last phrase served a good

hint to him that lest the name of Ali be written in the
Prophet‟s Will reminding of his succession to him.



That which was decreed came to happen; the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. left the world for eternal abode. But Omar bin
Khattab stood at the doorstep of the Prophet‟s house with his
whip in hands threatening everybody that nobody should
speak that the Prophet has died, he was shouting that he
would chop off the neck of whoever says so; he waited his
supplement – Abubakr to arrive, who was few miles away
from Madina at Al-Sanah. In the meantime he wanted to
divert attention of the people from the object of their
concentration (succession) because everybody‟s attention
was towards the successor of the Prophet, i.e. Ali (a.s).
Thoughts among people projected at Ali (a.s). Everyone
among the Ansaar and Muhajeer never doubted that Ali was
the right person to succeed the Prophet. But confusion,
threats and uncertainty created by Omar bin Khattab
perplexed the people. The mobs were in a spur of moment –
dazed and infuscate, not knowing the religious obligation nor
aware of their own choice, gathering had taken place in a
greed of power and at the same time fear of power. Such a
mingled avidity and tepidity overwhelmed them leaving no
time to think what incumbersome upon them to do. Such is
the reaction of human nature from layman. But after Abubakr
arrived suddenly the scene changed and people saw them
heading to Saqifa to accomplish their hatched planning,
leaving behind the blessed body of the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. without attending the funeral rites nor did they
stay to offer condolences to the bereaved family of the Holy
Prophet. Such were the people whom Muslims revere as „the
respected companions of the Holy Prophet‟ !!!

Confusion which enveloped the Saqeefa events and the haste
in concluding it all indicate to the exact and correct sense of
this Qur‟anic verse: “If died or slain the Prophet you turn to

your back….” The very motive of the gathering in Saqeefa
was a retreat to posterior. An observer can never find Saqeefa
to appear as based on any Islaamic platform. The very affairs
of Saqeefa manifest the belief that the succession was the
right of Ali, and it was to rob him of his right that the drama
of Saqeefa was performed. Had the Saqeefa been a legitimate
gathering Imaam Ali A.S. also would have been present
there. His absence discloses the ulterior motives to discard
him. Ali was to the Prophet as Haroon was to Musa, this is an
accepted Hadeeth by all schools of thought, then why was not
he consulted, why was not he even informed, and why all that
secrecy and hurry??? Indeed it was the very first meeting
after the Prophet‟s sad demise; Imaam Ali A.S. ought to be
included in it. At such a serious juncture he should be
present, because of his status among the Muslims and his
position with the Prophet. Can‟t the Muslim see the strange
thing was that he was not even consulted in that matter?
There is no any reason in that gathering of Muslims under the
banner of Islaam and avoid Ali, the confederate of the
Prophet and the first among the Muslims, except a conspiracy
against Ali himself and a plot to serve their own interests but
not ever for Islaam. By the way of showing goodwill they
should have invited him to their gathering, he would have
accepted or rejected. But alas ! Saqeefa was a trick or
certainly a day-light robbery.

It is written by the historians that there were no more then a
handful of people who had gathered at Saqeefa, everybody
aspiring to fill the vacant seat himself. They settled the matter
among themselves and invited people separately and
collectively to acknowledge the caliphate of Abubakr. They
knew it was a campaign fought with dread and risk with
those who supported Imaam Ali (a.s); therefore they laid their
hands upon the opportunity when they saw Ali and his

associates and Bani Hashim were occupied in burial of the
Prophet‟s blessed body. When Imaam Ali (a.s) came to know
all about their hatched plans he described the whole affair in
brief, “They gained the tree and lost the fruit.” A day
later, when Ali came out his words to Abubakar are thus
recorded in history, he said, “You spoiled our rights to us.
You did not consult nor did you reserve to us our right.” Ali
was a man frank, fair and open, he had nothing to hide nor
anything hidden he did, therefore they ware cautitious of his
wrath. Abubakar admitted in his answer to Ali, “Yes, but I
feared the mischief.” But one wonders what else great
mischief could ever be there other then that which they had

Is it not bewildering that neither Imaam Ali (a.s) nor any
Bani Hashim knew what was cooking over there at Saqeefa,
and yet, the so-called Muslims claim that it was in the interest
of Islam !!! Then, was not Ali a Muslim? If it was in the
interest of Islaam then why only a handful people gathered
and elected Abu Bakr, without inviting other peoples of
Madeena and of surrounding cities of the Islamic state? Did
they have no such rights as their‟s? Why were the majority
ignored in such an essential meeting, if atall it was truly

Ali (a.s) did not come out into open on that day; he was
bound with great sorrow on that fateful day, he was busy in
the burial rites of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. He did not
know about their meeting in Saqeefa. He did not know
Abubakar and Umar stealthily went to the meeting and
concluded it into their favor. All this was not known to him
until the gathering was over and they came to the Masjid and
the first one on the lead was Omar holding a cane of date tree

waving to either sides shouting and threatening to the people
to acknowledge authority of Abubakar.

Another peculiar thing which comes to mind is that at the last
moments of Abubakr while he was dictating his will about
the caliphate he was occasionally going into coma, but why
this same Omar did not utter a word saying that he was
speaking nonsense; the status of Abubakr was never as that of
the Prophet‟s but he although in coma spoke sense!. What a
grievous tyranny to Muhammad S.A.W.W. !!!

Circumstances surrounding the whole episode, i.e. the
expedition of Asama and the insurgency to proceed in that
expedition, the Prophet‟s demand to give him pen and paper
so that he could write something that prevents people going
astray, and the insistence of Omar upon the book of God
alone; we can deduce from all this that the Prophet wanted to
make it clear that who was the person to succeed him, and
that was Ali son of Abu Talib. But the Prophet was not
obeyed. Caliphate became the spot of difference among the
Muslims and misguidance as well. Had the Prophet been
obeyed and had he been given paper and pen to write, there
would have been no room for doubt or for differences except
that anybody who did not follow the instructions of the
Prophet had to depart totally from Islaam. But the nasty event
of Saqeefa provided opportunity to even infidels to be labeled
as Muslims.

If at all the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. had openly and loudly
ordered for Imaam Ali‟s obedience then there would have
been open insurgencies and disobedience to his order,
because he knew very well the mentality of those people, he
feared their stubbornness and turning against Islaam
altogether, as such it could have resulted in great loss to the

religion, and it would have been a greater calamity. So he
skipped that greater calamity and endured patiently the
peoples‟ misbehaviors.

This was the greatest misfortune for the Muslims for which
Ibne Abbas lamented all through out his life.

The most astonishing matter in the Muslim world is that
people say the Prophet did not appoint Imaam Ali (a.s) as the
Leader of the Ummah, and Abu Bakr was so elected by the
Ummah. So can they be questioned that why then Abu Bakr
appointed Umar as his successor? Why the election by the
people was not conducted? And why Umar so cunningly
appointed Uthman as his successor? These questions shall
remain unanswered till the Doomsday. But an understanding
person shall certainly realize the crux of the matter that it was
all a game of greediness and dirty politics where a few
greedy people were attached to their own selfish motives at
the very cost of destroying the Islamic social code.



Immediately after the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. the two ruling
regimes of Abubakr and Umar bin Khattab were yet scantily
acclaimed with Islaamic practices and its environment but
Uthman bin Affaan‟s ruling period was a starving and
distressing era for the righteous, pious, common people and
indigents, while it was a golden era for the greedy Umayyads
and their associates. For the relatives and tribesmen of the
ruler and their associates it was as if they were the masters of
all human beings while others were their life-time slaves. It
was a very sad period for those who adhered to justice and
piety because the policy formed by the ruling party was such
a wicked policy that anyone who objected to nepotism and
family bias was treated savagely as were in the cases of
Abdullah bin Mas‟ood, Ammaar Yaasir, Abu Dharr
Ghaffaari, and other pious persons. Even though they were
the respected old companions of the Holy Prophet they were
publicly insulted, beaten harshly and their stipends were cut
off. But the people form Bani Umayya, in spite of their
nefarious and notorious activities were being given enormous
wealth and high positions in the government. So people were
silently watching all those topsy-turvy administration but
they were fear stricken by the ruling party, so they could not
gain enough courage to protest and demand their rights. But
anyhow the fireball was already smoldering underneath and
could explode any time.

Masses were also angered because of the indifference of the
ruler towards their genuine complaints against notorious and
unjust government officials like Walid bin Uqba. Whenever
they complained about evil deeds of Walid, instead of
rectifying it Uthman rebuked, threatened and flogged the
people who came to complain. This malpractice of the ruler
aroused much anger in the public; accordingly the resentment

of the masses against Uthman went on increasing day by day.
Exclusively those who saw the period of the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W., Abubakr and Umar were astonished to see the
entirely overturned system of administration. Masses
observed that the relatives and associates of Uthman usurped
the rights of people and became wealthy day by day while the
common men were being deprived of even their daily
necessities of life.

People were also angered on this matter that the reliable
government officials were being replaced by the corrupt and
unjust Umayyads; incompetent fellows were given preference
to the competent and honest ones. People were impatient on
the face of injustice meted out by Uthman, Marwan, Ibn
Aamir and Abi bin Sarah, and these were among the wicked
favorites of Uthman.

It is but natural that when oppressions cross the boundaries
then the oppressed gets the courage to face the oppressor. So
was the case there in Madeena. People now became so
courageous that once when Uthman was addressing them
while holding a stick in his hand, the blessed stick which was
being held by the Holy Prophet, Abu Bakr and Umar when
they stood to deliver a speech, then a person named Jehjah
Ghifari snatched that blessed stick from Uthman‟s hands,
pressed it on his knees and broke it, perhaps expressing that
he was not worthy of holding that stick.

Once when Uthman was passing by a house of Jabala bin
Amr Sa‟adi, Jabala was seated amongst some people and he
had an iron chain in his hands. Uthman saluted them and was
duly replied. Jabala then said to Uthman, “I swear by God
that if you don‟t turn away your wicked favorites like
Marwan and others I will put this chain around your neck.”

This was a courageous expression of anger from the public
towards the ruler Uthman. Malpractices of Marwan and other
brutes were on increase and Uthman instead of restraining
them was becoming indifferent to public complaints.

When it was intolerable and unbearable then the people of
Madeena wrote letters to the Muslims of other cities to
engage in Jihaad to get rid of the tyrannical rule of Bani
Umayya. This news reached the ears of Uthman and so he
called a meeting with his governors and office holders for the
consultations to the prevailing situation of unrest in the
masses. Some of his people suggested that from now on he
should rule justly following the previous caliphs. Others
minced the words and did not suggest a proper way of reform
and one of them was Muaviya. As a final point, the said
conference did not make up with any fruitful result because
the governors and other officials had a liking to the policies
of Uthman because it was through it that they encroached
peoples‟ rights and make their pockets heavy with unlawful
gains, therefore they did not give any sincere advice to

Eventually the rebellion broke out. Muslims from all
provinces turned against Uthman‟s administration. The initial
stage of the rebellion was born from this incidence: Uthman
had appointed Ibn Abi Sarah as a governor of Egypt because
he was a foster brother to Uthman; he was a very rude and
notorious person. He misappropriated public funds and
treated people very cruelly. So the people of Egypt sent a
delegation to Uthman complaining the unjust practices of his
governor. In return Uthman wrote a letter to Ibn Abi Sarah
reprimanding him. But people saw that the governor even
thereafter did not mend his ways, he continued with his
unjust ways of ruling over the people. He killed one person

from the delegation who had brought the letter from Uthman.
People got furious from such treatment from the governor, so
they assembled one thousand persons and again went to see
the ruler at Madeena. They stayed at the Masjid of the
Prophet and some distinguished persons from them went to
see Uthman concerning the matter. They discussed the
prevailing situation in Egypt. Imaam Ali (a.s) was amongst
the people in that discussion; the main complaint was that the
ruler should replace the governor of Egypt with another one
who was capable of ruling there. So Uthman swore that he
shall take necessary steps against their complaints and asked
them to name any one whom they wanted to be their
governor. The people suggested the name of Muhammad bin
Abu Bakr. Therefore Uthman declared him the governor of
Egypt and sent him with a party of Muhaajirs and Ansaars to
investigate the malpractices of Ibn Abi Sarah. They traveled
for Egypt but on the way on the third day they saw an
Ethiopian slave riding on a fast camel. They stopped him and
inquired about his journey. He said that he was Marwan‟s
slave and was sent to Egypt to deliver a message to Ibn Abi
Sarah. On further investigation they found a concealed letter
form the slave. It was from Uthman to Abdullah ibn Abi
Sarah, therein it was written, “When Muhammad bin Abu
Bakr and his companions reach there you should kill them on
any pretext. Consider the letter which Muhammad brings to
you as cancelled and continue your post of governorship.
Imprison anyone who approaches you with complaints.” !!!

Muhammad bin Abu Bakr and his companions were
astonished by this double standard of Uthman. So they
returned back to Madeena and showed the letter to Uthman.
He agreed that the slave, the camel and the seal were his own
but he said that he neither wrote the letter, nor he had ordered
anyone to write it. On further scrutiny it was discovered that

the letter was in Marwan‟s handwritings. So they requested
Uthman to call Marwan but Uthman declined to call him. At
that time Marwan was present in the capital but he had no
moral courage to appear in front of the people to admit to his
fraud and prove Uthman to be innocent in that matter. People
were demanding from Uthman to hand over Marwan to them
but Uthman denied. So the people returned with dissatisfied
hearts. The insurgent were vehemently demanding for
Marwan but Uthman kept refusing to their demand.

Imaam Ali (a.s) tried his best to reconcile between Uthman
and insurgents so as to avoid bloodshed. He advised Uthman
to come before the public and convince them to fulfill his
promises so as to make people satisfied. Imaam Ali (a.s) also
warned Uthman that people of all the Islamic territories have
turned against him so he should act justly to the demands of
the people, otherwise people of Koofa and Basra will also
come out. So Uthman came out of his house and delivered a
speech in which he regretted for his lapses and
misadministration; he also promised not to continue them and
that public demand would be duly met, and Marwan and his
associates will be dealt with. His speech had a beneficial
effect. People now expected good from Uthman.

But when Uthman went in his house he saw Marwan and
some Umayyads sitting there waiting for him. They were all
unhappy for what Uthman had spoken in his speech to the
public. Marwan reprimanded Uthman in a harsh tune blaming
him that he had encouraged the public. At that time people
were still gathered outside Uthman‟s house. So Marwan
came out and spoke to them, “May your faces be blackened.
If you have to take the government from our hands we will
treat you so harshly that you will never be able to forget it.”

Saying this he told the people to get away from there. People
dispersed in despair abusing and threatening the ruler.

When night fell Uthman went to see Imaam Ali (a.s) for
consultations. Imaam told him frankly that whenever he was
given a prudent suggestion and shown a clear way he agreed
at that moment but suddenly Marwan came in the way and he
did not stop Marwan to whatever he was doing by acting on
his own desires. Now that the insurgents were on the last
stage they demanded sternly that Marwan should be handed
over to them. But Uthman kept on refusing to their demand.
People knew that the root cause of all evils was Marwan so
they wanted to deal directly with him. On Uthman‟s
stubbornness now the situation grew tenser. Disturbance and
rebellion thus became acute and the house of Uthman was
besieged. People did not aim to harm Uthman. Their demand
was that he should repent and abdicate from the rulership.

From amongst the people there was one companion of the
Holy Prophet named Nayyaar bin Ayaz. He stood in the front
raw and spoke loudly to Uthman, “You should abdicate and
be sure that you shall not be hurt at all.” But from Uthman‟s
house one Kathir bin Salat Kindi shot an arrow towards that
old man and killed him. So the people got more furious.
Some of them entered the house from backyard, attacked
Uthman, killed him and escaped.

Muawiya was waiting for such a situation so now he got an
opportunity to blame Imaam Ali (a.s). He started his false
propaganda and held Imaam Ali (a.s) responsible for
Uthman‟s death. But the fact is that neither was Imaam Ali
present in Madeena when Uthman‟s house was under siege
nor was he in Madeena when Uthman was killed. Muaviya
had his personal interests in blaming Imaam Ali because he

wanted to wage a war against him and finally become the
sole ruler of Arabia. Thus he founded a false pretext to grab
the power.

Uthman was always under anxiety that any time now people
will overthrow him from his post and make Imaam Ali the
ruler so he often ordered Imaam Ali to leave Madeena and go
away far from the capital, and Imaam Ali responded to
Uthman‟s order to be away from the capital.

In Nahjul Balaaghah Imaam Ali (a.s) says, “Uthman treats
me like a camel which carries water to and fro. At times he
tells me to go to Yanb‟a, when I am there he calls me back to
solve his problems and when I have relieved him of his
difficulties he again asks me to go away to Yanb‟a.”



Even though they literally did not smear their hands with
Uthman‟s blood but they were ever present near and around
him. Finally they were pleased when he was killed. Their
pleasure was lying hidden in their mischievous motives that
they might then have a clear path paving to attaining
rulership of the country. One of them was Amr Aas who had
been dismissed from governorship by Uthman. He had a
great share in instigating and encouraging people to kill
Uthman. Amr Aas himself had admitted that he instigated the
chiefs, dignitaries and even local herdsmen to rise against
Uthman. When disturbances prevailed in Madeena he went
away to Palestine where he had built a palace for himself.
When the news of assassination of Uthman reached him he
proudly admitted that, “When I scratch a wound I am sure
blood will flow out of it.” By this he meant that it was the
result of his instigation to people.

Talha bin Ubaydullah was another person who was against
Uthman and had wished his early death. Several times he had
arisen against Uthman, and Uthman had sought help from
Imaam Ali (a.s) against Talha. And every time Imaam Ali
(a.s) helped Uthman to calming down Talha‟s insurgence.
Once Imaam Ali (a.s) saw many insurgents gathered at
Talha‟s house around him, he knew that Talha had a great
hand in besieging Uthman and was thinking to do away with
him. Imaam Ali (a.s) reprimanded Talha and endeavored to
restrain him from his activities but Talha declined to act on
Imaam Ali (a.s)‟s advice. So Imaam Ali (a.s) quickly brought
out a solution; he managed to divide the money from the
public treasury amongst those whom Talha had collected to

kill Uthman. Thus he dispersed the insurgents without giving
them chance to create mischief to Uthman. When Uthman
knew about it he became very happy and realized that none
else was sympathetic and able to solve the problems facing
Muslims as was Imaam Ali (a.s). Afterwards Talha came to
Uthman to apologize for his mistake but Uthman told him on
the face that he had not come repentant but because he had
become helpless; and Uthman prayed to God to punish him.
(Ref: Tarikh al-Kamil Vol.3, p.7; Tarikh Tabari vol.6,
p.154; Tarikh Ibn Khaldun vol 2, p. 297)

Historians have narrated that as soon as the insurgents
besieged Uthman‟s house Talha began making preparations
for himself to become the caliph and ruler. He had high
ambitions for it. His first action on that critical situation was
that he assumed control over the public treasury. When
situation got much tense on Uthman he had said, “God help
me against Talha because the revolt has been started by him,
he wants to become the caliph.” Although Uthman had
formerly given freedom to Talha to utilize public treasury in
any manner he liked, but Talha was not satisfied with
anything lesser then rulership and caliphate. Uthman‟s
repeatedly spoken sentence in his last days were, „woe betide
Talha I gave him so much gold and now he is thirsty of my
blood.‟ Recorders of that event have written that on the day
when Uthman was killed Talha had veiled his face and was
shooting arrows secretly towards Uthman. It was Talha who
arranged for secret entry for the killers to enter Uthman‟s
house from the adjacent house. Astonishingly, after
Uthman‟s death it was Talha who hurriedly put forth a
demand for avenging Uthman‟s murder, lest revenge might
be taken on himself. He thus tried to mislead the people from
the fact so that the reality may remain hidden and people may
remain in doubts.

Regarding Zubayr bin Awaam it is stated that he even did not
try to turn away the insurgents from Uthman, rather his
sympathies were with the insurgents. He was also very
ambitious to become the next caliph if Uthman died. So he
had expected the assassination to take place as early as
possible. Zubayr himself had told Imaam Ali (a.s) that no one
was more capable to become a ruler then himself.

There were others also who initiated revolt against Uthman
and participated in his murder. Thus it can be concluded that
Talha, Zubayr, Sa‟ad bin Abi Waqqas, Marwan, Muaviya and
his party were the actual killers Uthman.

Astonishingly, all those who were the main cause of
Uthman‟s murder suddenly changed their attitudes. The same
Uthman whom they called „infidel,‟ „tyrant‟, „jew,‟ „Na‟thal‟,
etc.‟ in his lifetime was being propagated as an „oppressed‟,
and „martyr‟ after his death by the same people. Those
notorious people knew that now their way to grab caliphate
and rulership was clear except one person whom they feared
that he will not sit quiet when he shall see their misbehaviors,
and that person was Imaam Ali (a.s). So they hatched a plan.
Those ruffians campaigned on the false propaganda and arose
to claim revenge from Imaam Ali (a.s), But as history proves
Uthman himself was optimistic about Imaam Ali (a.s)
because many times Uthman had sought help from Imaam
Ali (a.s) and he had willingly given him the needed help. He
had solved his great problems which could not be solved by
anyone else. Marwan had many a times instigated Uthman to
kill Imaam Ali (a.s) and his companions because he knew
that as long as these noble personalities were present they
will criticize, condemn and disapprove all the wrong doings
of the ruling party. But Uthman had realized the real value of

Imaam Ali (a.s) at certain extent so he did not pay attention
to Marwan‟s instigations.

Even though it had been unpleasant to Uthman‟s favorites but
Imaam Ali (a.s) did not ever withheld giving sincere advice
to Uthman and solved his problems. Nor did he ever show
any laxity in helping Uthman by turning away his enemies
from him and saving him from the jaws of death. Imaam Ali
(a.s) restrained people many times from creating disturbances
and saved Uthman from his own favorites and associates who
were actually not his well-wishers but were the real cause of
all trouble. It was Imaam Ali (a.s)‟s ardent wish that the gulf
of differences between Uthman and insurgents should not
widen and not such a situation should occur so as to harm
Muslims. He always tried to solve the problems prudently
through wise channels and he hated that the blood of
Muslims should be shed in any unwanted circumstances.

Several times Uthman asked Imaam Ali (a.s) to leave
Madeena and go to a distant place called Yanb‟a. This was
because he was in a state of uncertainty of his position, he
anticipated people would sooner or later throw him out and
place Imaam Ali (a.s) on his place. Imaam Ali (a.s) did not
disobey him, he accordingly went out from the capital; but
many times after Imaam Ali (a.s) had left, then Uthman felt
ashamed of his act and he sent his messenger to call him
back. Imaam Ali (a.s) always complied with his instructions
but never asked why he was treated in such a way. Imaam Ali
(a.s) very well knew the reason of Uthman‟s such behavior
but if he objected to it then his staunch followers and
companions would also become bold and so the peace he
wanted to prevail would be changed into troubles and
turmoil. This was Imaam Ali (a.s)‟s magnanimous

personality and his spiritual loftiness that manifested even to
his enemies and usurpers.


From the very onset of opposition and uprising Uthman
arranged a conference in which he called all his governors
and officials to discuss the prevailing unrest in the masses.
Muaviya was present on that occasion but he refrained from
giving any idea to Uthman of how to prevent insurgence of
the people. From that very day he was damn sure that
Uthman shall be killed and therefore he was waiting eagerly
for the occasion to grab the caliphate and sole rulership for
himself. Although Uthman had made him very powerful by
granting him maximum freedom over Syria and Muaviya had
very cleverly made it out. The goal aimed by him was not
limited to Syria only, he wished to expand his kingdom far
and wide and become the sole despotic ruler of all Islaamic
countries. He had no any good feelings for Uthman whether
he was alive or dead. But Uthman‟s death awarded him a
slogan to cry out seeking Uthman‟s murderer. In fact his
shouts were in no way linked to affection towards Uthman, it
was his malicious trick that he played to cheat the people. In
that pretext he wanted to fight against anyone who would
become the ruler and thus when he would defeat him he
would become the final king. This was his main aspiration
and evil intention.

Muaviya had built up a huge army at his disposal in Syria.
When Uthman was in need of help he could have sent his
army to crush the disturbances and defend the caliph. But he
did not do it intentionally. Uthman had written to him to send
the army to protect him and come to his help. So Muaviya
left Syria for the capital together with his army. When he
reached Syrian boarder he left his army there and went to

Uthman alone. When Uthman asked him where was his army
he replied that he had left them behind and he had first come
for consultations only. Upon hearing this Uthman realized his
cunningness, so he said, “O Muaviya, the fact is that you
want me to be murdered so that your path becomes clear. Go
at once and bring the army.” But Muaviya‟s army did not
arrive until when Othman was dead.

On Uthman‟s death Muaviya felt relieved. Now was his final
struggle to get to his goal, so he started to instigate people for
avenging Uthman‟s murder. He fought Imaam Ali (a.s) on
this fraud pretext. But one wonders that when Muaviya
became the sole ruler of Arabia what happened to his slogan
to avenge the murderer of Othman. He forgot all his
mischievous instigations because he had got what he wanted,
He did not care whether Uthman‟s murderers be caught or
not caught.


                OF IMAAM ALI A.S.

Since the universe was created up to now nobody has the
honour to be born in the Holy Qa‟aba except Imaam Ali (a.s)
History has got sufficient records that when the time of
Imaam Ali‟s birth approached his Holy Mother Bibi Fatima
binte Asad (s.a) went near the Qa‟aba to supplicate; instantly
the walls of the Holy Qa‟aba astoundingly parted and she
entered inside, as soon as she went inside, the walls returned
to their original state. She remained inside the Qa‟aba for
three days miraculously being served by Holy Angels and
enjoying the heavenly fruits brought for her therein. The
Quraish chiefs came there and tried to open the doors of the
Holy Qa‟aba but all their efforts failed. So they returned
convinced that it was a miraculous act from the Almighty
Allaah S.W.T. On the third day the walls again parted and
Imaam Ali‟s mother stepped out holding the new-born in her
blessed hands. The Holy Prophet and other elders of the
Quraish were standing there and Bibi Fatima handed the
new-born to The Holy Prophet. As soon as Imaam Ali went
in the Prophet‟s arms he opened his eyes and the first face in
the world he saw it was the blessed face of the Holy Prophet.
Her mother had said that during the three days‟ stay in the
Holy Qa‟aba Imaam Ali did not open his eyes even once.

Miraculously, just when he went in the Prophet‟s arms
Imaam Ali in his infancy proclaimed the oneness of God and
Prophet‟hood of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. He was literally
nurtured by the Holy Prophet, he stayed with the Holy
Prophet, and he accompanied the Holy Prophet wherever he

went, and he served him, helped him and protected him.
What should be there beyond this much to prove that he was
a part and parcel of the Holy Prophet?

Unlike other prominent companions of the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. Imaam Ali (a.s) had never ever since his infancy
worshipped other then Allaah S.W.T. Nobody can dare say
that Ali embraced Islaam in such and such a year, never,
when was he out of Islaam that the question of entering in it
could be raised? He was actually brought up in the laps of the
Holy Prophet; he stayed with him all the life long period up
till the Prophet‟s last breath, he was actually the precise
similitude of the Holy Prophet in every aspect of life. While
among others who boastfully are venerated were certainly
some times subjects to idols named Lat, Manaat, Uzza, Hubal
and others. Some accepted Islaam willingly expecting to grab
the forthcoming opportunity of the flourishing Islaam, some
due to the fear of power of Islaam, and others due to certain
circumstances best suiting to themselves, while the genuine
followers of Islaam were as many as could be counted on the
finger tips only. But however the Prophet due to his sublime
morale accepted everyone who entered the fold of Islaam
without any discrimination. There were even hard-core
Munaafiqs (Hypocrites) around him but he never chased
them away.

From amongst all the Muslims around the Holy Prophet no
body could earn his praises as could Imaam Ali A.S. Some of
the sayings of the Prophet concerning Imaam Ali A.S. are as
     Looking at Ali‟s face amounts to worship.
     Whoever hurts Ali hurts me.
     Love for Ali is Faith, enmity towards him is

      Of whomsoever I am Master Ali is his Master, O
       God, love him who loves Ali and be inimical towards
       him who is inimical towards Ali.
      O Ali, your friends will be the first persons to enter
       Paradise, and your enemies will be the first persons to
       be thrown into Hellfire.
      Ali is with Truth and Truth is with Ali.

These are only a very few merits of Imaam Ali A.S. among
the numerous merits indicated by the Holy Prophet

The Holy Qur‟aan have given testimony to Imaam Ali‟s
infallibility, he was sinless and purified by Allaah S.W.T.
Chapter 33, verse no:33 says, “….Allaah only desires to
keep away abomination from you, O people of the
house ! and to purify you a (through) purification.” It is
universally agreed that this Qur‟aanic verse was revealed to
the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. when he was with his family
members, i.e. „People of the House‟, Ali, Fatima, Hasan and
Husain A.S. Out of many more only this single verse proves
infallibility of Imaam Ali A.S. beyond any doubt. His virtues
are recognized even by his enemies. In the times of the Holy
Prophet such respected companions of the Holy Prophet as
Salman al-Farsi, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, Miqdad al-Kindi,
Ammaar ibn Yaasir, Khabbaab ibn al-Aratt, Jabir ibn
Abdullah Ansaari, Hudhayfa bin al-Yamaani, Abu Saeed al-
Khudhri, Zayd ibn Arqam, and many others believed that Ali
was the most superior amongst all the Ahlul Bayt and the

Ahmad bin Hambal was once asked by his son about his
views on superiority of Swahaaba, he replied,” Abu Bakr,
and Umar, and Uthman.” His son asked, “And what about Ali

ibn Abi Talib?” He replied,”Ali is from Ahlul Bayt, others
can not be compared with him.”

Many historians and narrators have accepted that, “There
have not come as many Ahaadeeth with good chain of
narrators about virtues of any of the companions as have been
narrated on the virtues of Ali ibn Abi Talib A.S.” It suffices
to say that there are at least 86 verses in the Holy Qur‟aan
extolling the virtues of Imaam Ali A.S. and traditions on this
subject are numerous.

Imaam Ali (a.s) was a perfect philosopher, most valiant
revolutionary leader, the bravest soldier in the battle-field, the
most devout worshiper on his prayer-mat, the most farsighted
politician, and also the possessor of many of the prophetic
characters. Great thinkers, philosophers and writers have laid
down their efforts in submission to the inability to
accomplish his description of virtues.

Except for the sake of being regarded among the admirers of
Imaam Ali (a.s) there should not be a theme of realizing fully
of all his supreme attributes.

Imaam Ali (a.s) was a perfect justice himself and a
harmonized equilibrated divine being. He had gathered
together in himself all the perfections of humanity. He had a
deep and far reaching mind with a tender and overflowing
affection. He had a perfection of body and spirit. At nights he
withdrew from all except The Lord; stars looked down on the
tears of his worship and heavens heard his prayers of love.
While at the day time he was active among the people, they
saw his kindness and self-sacrifice and thronged at him for
his advice, counsel and wise words.

Summarizing all the little that we know it can be put in these
words that Imaam Ali(a.s) was the most wise and learned
man, a Gnostic, a true and sincere leader of the society, a
soldier, a worker, a judge, a speaker, and a writer, with the
add-on of „unmatchable‟ to all his attributes. Centuries have
elapsed since the death of this great man but still his
attraction emanates the same powerful rays which dazzle
peoples‟ minds and attract the hearts.


Lady Fatima Zahra (s.a) was the beloved daughter of the
Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. She was the most respected lady in
the sight of her father. The Holy Prophet used to say, “Fatima
is a part of myself, whoever displeases her displeases me.”
Whenever Lady Fatima Zahra (s.a) came in the presence of
the Holy Prophet he respectfully used to stand up to welcome
her and made her sit beside himself. She was carefully and
lovingly brought up in the laps of her father. She saw many
calamities being mated out on her father and she shared them
together without ever any complaints. Modesty, best
characters, kindness, and love of worship to Allaah were
engraved in her holy personality. Even though she and her
household members had to go without food for many days
but she never complained of it. Her dress was very modest
and simple and mostly containing patches on it. This state of
life prevailed even when her father was the sole head of the
largest Islaamic state.

Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. had presented a vast estate of Fadaq
to her, as her personal property, which he had received from
the enemies of Islaam without waging a war, authorized to
him by Allaah to be his own personal property. This estate
was a fertile land with enormous income from its crops; she
never utilized that income on her family or personal expenses
but she gave away all the income to the poor and needy
people of Madeena. But the ruling party in their shallow
thoughts suspected that if Fadaq shall remain her property

then the household members of the Holy Prophet shall utilize
its income to recruit soldiers and overthrow their rule. So
they snatched the legal property of the daughter of the Holy
Prophet. Due to this usurpation Lady Fatima Zahra (s.a)
protested and went to the Abu Bakr who was the ruler of that
time to plead her case; after much persuasion Abu Bakr
handed back the deeds of Fadaq but Umar bin Khattab
snatched the deeds from Lady Fatima (s.a) and torn them to
pieces, thus denying her of her legal right of Fadaq.

When the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.‟s sad demise occurred, it
was the duty of every believing person to go to her
daughter‟s house for offering condolences, but history tells us
that Umar bin Khattab collected firewood and went to Fatima
Zahra‟s house to set it on fire. People told him that the
Prophet‟s daughter was there in the house but he said, „Let
her be there.‟ The door of Lady Fatima‟s house was broken
by Umar Khattab and his companions, the door fell on Lady
Fatima, as a result of that barbarous deed an unborn infant of
Lady Fatima Zehra was crushed to untimely death. This was
the unveiling of hypocrisy which was till the Prophet‟s life
been hidden in the garb of companionship.

Just after the Prophet‟s demise the ruling party left no stone
unturned to displease and injure the feelings of the members
of Ahlul Bayt (a.s) (The Holy Household Members). They
were deprived of their rights, were insulted, were injured, and
were totally ignored. History proves the fact that such a
magnanimous personality as Imaam Ali (a.s) was never
offered even a single post in their government, even half-
heartedly; although everybody knew that it was Imaam Ali
(a.s) only whose might, bravery, wisdom and farsightedness
played the most fundamental and central role in spreading

and strengthening the religion of Islaam, without Ali Islaam
could have been uprooted long ago.

So, because of the apparent enmity of the ruling party
towards Ahlul Bayt Lady Fatima Zehra (s.a) was displeased
and unhappy towards them and she never spoke to them uptill
her last breath. Moreover she had also willed to Imaam Ali
(a.s) that Abu Bakr and Umar Khattab should not be allowed
to attend her funeral. And her will was duly respected by
Imaam Ali (a.s).

Let us see what high position Lady Fatima Zehra (s.a) held in
the eyes of Allaah S.W.T. and His Prophet S.A.W.W. When
some people realized the untiring efforts of the Holy Prophet
to establish humanity and good relations among each others
through Islaam, and they also realized that the Prophet was
far above any selfish motives in educating the barbaric nation
to become the most civilized one, then they came and asked
him to say what he wanted in reward to his efforts. Jibraeel
descended with this verse of the Holy Qur‟aan, “Say : „No
near of kin.‟ XLII: 23. So when this verse was revealed
someone asked the Holy Prophet, “Messenger of Allaah, who
are the kin whose love is obligatory for us?” The Prophet
replied, “Ali, Fatima, and her two children.” This tradition
has been narrated even by Sunni scholars, they are :Ibn
Hajar in Sawaiki Muhrika, Thu‟alabi, Sayuti in Al-Durral
Mansoor, Abu Naeem in Hilyatal Awliya, and Hamueeni
Shafae in Al-Faraed.

In yet another tradition it is reported by Tabari and Ibn Hajr
that the Messenger of Allaah said, “Surely Allaah made it
them in the Hereafter.” Sheikh Amini (may Allaah bless his

soul) listed fourty five sources in volume 3 of Al-Ghadeer
which state that this verse was revealed regarding Ali,
Fatima, Hasan and Husain (a.s), among that source are Imam
Ahmed, Ibn Mundhir, Ibn Abu Hatim, Tabari, Thu‟ulabi,
Wahidi, Zamakhshari, Ibn Asakir, Sayuti, etc.

This is what the Holy Prophet said regarding Lady Fatima
Zehra (s.a):
“Surely Allaah is angered when you are angered, and is
pleased at your pleasure.”
“Fatima is part of me, that whoever annoys her annoys me,
and that whoever harms her harms me”

Although there were many proposals for Lady Fatima
Zahra‟s marriage from wealthy and well-to-do persons but
the Holy Prophet gave her daughter to non but Imaam Ali
(a.s). It was not because Imaam Ali was wealthy, mighty,
handsome or anything else but the main reason was that there
was not an equal to Fatima Zehra (s.a) in the whole universe
save Imaam Ali (a.s) in piety, righteousness, virtues and
morals. It was the highest standard of his perfection in
qualities that were considered.

The Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. said,
 “The best of your men is Ali Ibn Abu Talib, and the best
of your women is Fatima binte Muhammad.” Tareekh
Baghdad: Vol. 4, P.392.
 “Ali is the best of mankind, and he who denies this is an
infidel.” Tareekh Baghdad, Kunuz Al-Hagaeg, Hamish Al-
Jame Al-Saghir p.16, Kanz Al-Ummal p.159.
 “He who does not say that Ali is the best of mankind is
surely an infidel.” Kanzul Ummal vol. 6, p.159.
 “Ali to me is like my head to my body.” Sawaeq p.75;
Jame Al-Saghir by Suyuti, Nur Al-Akhbar p.80.

 “Ali to me is like I am to my Lord.” Ryad An-Nadherah
V.2, p.163.
 “Ali is the most beloved to me, and the most beloved to
Allaah.” Tareekh Baghdad, Vol.1. p.160.
 “Ali is from me and I am from him; he is the guardian
(Walee) of every believer after me.” Musnad Ahmed. Vol.5,
 “There is not a Prophet who has not a peer, and Ali is my
peer.” Ar-Riyadh An-Nadherah Vol.2, p.31.
 Aisha said, “By Allah I have not seen anyone more
beloved to Allaah‟s Messenger then Ali, or a woman on earth
more beloved to him then his wife (Ali‟s wife Fatima)”
Mustadrak Al-HakimVol.3, p.154; Khasaes An-Nisae: p.39.

Furthermore, how could it be true that Allaah‟s Messenger
preferred others over Ali and paid more attention to them,
while Ali was the first man chosen by Allaah to follow His
Messenger from among the dwellers of earth as he
(S.A.W.W) told Fatima Zehra (s.a) in the following narration:
“Surely Allaah has examined the dwellers of earth and has
chosen your father to be a Prophet. He then examined (them)
and chose your husband, and then He revealed to me that I
give you to him in marriage and appointed him as my
successor.” Tabarani, Kanzal Ummal, vol.6, p.153;
Majmaal Zawaedi, vol.9, p.165.

Therefore, the fate of those who displeased and angered the
beloved daughter of the Holy Prophet can be easily and
correctly imagined.


              LADY KHADEEJA (S.A)

It is not a secret that from genetic viewpoint the child most
probably resembles the parents in almost all angles. It was
true with Lady Fatima Zahra S.A. also; her father, the Holy
Prophet‟s marvelous characteristics are not hidden from
anyone; and her mother Lady Khadeeja (s.a) was a virtuous,
righteous and the most helping source to the Holy Prophet.
Her immense wealth was the means through which we can
dare say Islaam had flourished and prospered, and there is no
exaggeration in these words. Her financial support had a
great role in strengthening Islaam during its prime days when
it was still a budding religion and so it seriously needed
material aid. Thus Allaah S.W.T. ordained Lady Khadeeja‟s
property as a great help to Islaam and fulfilled its goals.

The Holy Prophet utilized Lady Khadeeja‟s wealth to free
slaves, help the needy, support the poor, rescue his
financially inflicted companions, and meet the expenses of
immigrants. The Holy Prophet said, “No property has ever
been so useful to me as Khadeeja‟s wealth”

The Holy Prophet‟s saying that Religion succeeded and
became manifest only through Ali‟s sword and
Khadeeja‟s property becomes clear from the above
mentioned facts. Lady Khadeeja‟s support to Islaam was due
to her true love to the Holy Prophet. She had fully realized
the high status of her husband and that is why she never fell
back to support him in his cause. Lady Khadeeja (s.a)
endured every hardship willingly together with her husband

without anytime complaining. She also stayed almost three
years in the valley of Abu Talib where they were all
boycotted by Quraish, where they had to go without food for
many days, sometimes they had even to eat the green leaves
of the trees for their survival. Simultaneously the Holy
Prophet also had a pure love towards Lady Khadeeja (s.a).
Her conduct through out her married life with the Prophet is
worthy of praises and glorification; for this reason whenever
the Holy Prophet remembered Lady Khadeeja or when her
of sadness overcame him and tears would run down his face
in her remembrance. Once the Prophet mentioned Khadeeja
near Aisha, she responded, “She was not but such and such of
an old lady, and Allaah replaced her with a better one for
you.” The Holy Prophet replied,” Indeed Allaah did not grant
me better then her; she accepted me when people rejected
her wealth with me when people deprived me, and Allaah
granted me children only through her.” Refer Al Isteab.


In spite of all clear signs and indications it seems very
surprising that people neither honoured the word of Allaah
nor that of the Prophet. They followed their own desires to
the worldly charms. A great calamity had befallen on the
Ummah because of their own selfish motives. But Imaam Ali
and his handful followers maintained silence in the face of all
that injustice just because it was in the interest of Islaam.
Islam was yet in its infancy and any disorder therein could
provoke a greater calamity so he prudently accepted the
lesser one. It was indeed a calamity because the Ummah was
to be divided radically due to that very calamity. The greater
calamity which was avoided by Imaam Ali was that if he had
lifted his sword against the usurpers there was a definite
possibility of civil war and bloodshed of many Muslims
within the Muslim state, and as for the external danger there
was Roman empire and others eagerly waiting for the
dissemination of Muslims so that it can be easy for them to
finish off the religion of Islaam from its very roots. This was
the calamity from which Imaam Ali A.S. saved Islaam
becoming extinct.

At many instances the ruling party was faced with tough
problems they could not sort out and so they were forced to
beg help from Imaam Ali A.S. and Imaam Ali A.S. never
refused to solve their problems, he instantly and readily
solved the problems, because it was in the interest of Islaam.
For instance many times some non-Muslims as well as
pagans, assuming that the ruling parties were the rightful
successors of the Holy Prophet, came with some questions
saying that if Islaam was the true religion then they should
solve those questions otherwise they were to be branded as

nontruthfuls. The rulers were anyhow not the masters of
knowledge nor were any of them the gate of knowledge; they
very well knew that the true successor is the one whom they
have robbed of his right, so as a last resort they had to turn to
Imaam Ali (A.S.) for help and they were damn sure that
because of his magnanimity Imaam Ali would never turn
them away. But the main reason to contact Imaam Ali A.S. to
solve their problems was that they feared that their hypocrisy
would be exposed if they were unable to answer correctly,
people will know that they are not the rightful successor to
the Prophet of Islaam. In fact Omar bin Khattab himself had
many times admitted that „Omar would be ruined if there was
not Ali for help‟


Superiority – An Imaam should excel all the people in all
virtues such as knowledge, bravery, intelligence, piety,
charity, etc. and he also should possess complete knowledge
of the Divine Laws.

Infallibility – An Imaam should also be a sinless person and
neither a sin nor a mistake should take place in his life,
because if an Imaam errs then his followers also shall do the
same thus making the whole structure of morality being
crumbled to ashes.

Appointment by Allaah – As Allaah S.W.T. is All-
Knowing, All-Wise, He is well-aware of all His creation, and
as such He chooses that which is beneficial to His creation.
This is proved by the Holy Qur‟aan, it says in chapter 28,
verse 68, “and thy Lord creates what He wills and chooses,
they have no right to choose, Glory be to Allaah, and exalted
be He above what they associate.” When Allaah wished to
create Adam A.S. and appoint him caliph on the earth the
Angels politely expressed their views but Allaah S.W.T.
curtly said to them that they know not what Allaah knows.
And He chose Adam to be a Caliph in the world. Similarly
He chose Dawood A.S. to be His Caliph, “O Dawood! Verily
We have made thee (our) Caliph on the earth….” Holy
Qur‟aan, 38:26. To Prophet Ibrahim A.S. Allaah S.W.T said,
“Surely I am going to make you an Imaam for men,” he said,
“And of my offspring?” He said, “My covenant will not
include the unjust.”- 2:124.

These verses of the Holy Qur‟aan very clearly shows us that
the post of Imaam is a divinely appointed status, it is beyond

the jurisdiction of the Ummaah; people can‟t just gather and
choose an Imaam or caliph according to their own choice.
Furthermore the above mentioned verse also indicates that
the unjust can‟t become an Imaam (or a Caliph or a Leader of
the Ummah), only a Ma‟asoom (infallible) person can get this
post. This post of Imaamate can‟t be given to even that man
who was unjust in his early life and then adjusted to become
just, or vise versa.

The Holy Qur‟aan lays a general rule for Imamate verse 73 of
chapter 21; “...And We made them Imams who were to
guide by Our command.” So the divine selection of an
Imaam is known to the Ummah through the Prophet or the
preceding Imaam only.

Miracle – A rightful Imaam must be able to perform miracles
so as to ascertain to his Imaamate or Caliphate. Any man can
claim to be the Imaam or the Prophet‟s caliph, but a miracle
is the only unfailing test to his claim.

These are some pre-requisites for an Imaam or Caliph,
Moreover, it has been a universal practice from time
immemorial that all the Prophets that came in this world had
appointed their successors themselves by the command of
Allaah S.W.T. People had never any say in that appointment.
Accordingly, does it not astonish one that the divine order
had to be changed in the case of the Last Prophet of Allaah?
While Allaah S.W.T. says in the Holy Qur‟aan in 33:62 that,
“And you shall never find a change in divine practice.”
Above all, it is quite logical that if a person is chosen by
people to be their Imaam he will always try his best to keep
those people be pleased with him; while the one appointed by
Allaah will always keep Allaah pleased with him without

caring for the tastes of people, his goal will always be the
pleasure of Allaah only.

An Imaam or a rightful Caliph (successor of the Holy
Prophet) is the sole ruler of the mankind. Thus the Islaamic
government is not the government of the people by the
people and for the people but, it is the government of
Allaah, by the representatives of Allaah, and for Allaah. It
is for Allaah because all the good deeds a person performs
should be for the pleasure of Allaah only, if one prays, or
spends for charity, or helps someone but the intention is other
then pleasing Allaah then his deeds are considered wasted.

It is the rightful Imaam who guides us to be on correct ways
of living our lives. And the world is never devoid of a
rightful Imaam from the Holy Progeny of the Prophet.

All these conditions of a rightful successor of the Holy
Prophet, and all the best virtues, are undoubtedly found in
Imaam Ali ibn Abi Talib A.S. and his Infallible Successors.
So it is only a matter concerning a person‟s common sense
and God-given intellect to be assured that Imaam Ali A.S. is
the first rightful successor of the Holy Prophet, the Imam, the
Caliph and the Leader in all matters of a believing person.


Imaam Ali (a.s) passed his blessed life in a most simple way.
Even when he was selected to be the ruler of Arabia his life
style did not change. He lived in a small house with perfect
contentment. Some times he was seen earning his living by
working in gardens and some times he did business in
partnership in a small shop selling dates. His main food was
dry barley bread which was so hard to break that pressure
was needed to be exerted on it to break it into pieces. Imaam
Ali A.S. had a special feeling for the poor and needy, so
whenever he earned something, or whenever he got anything
from the war booty he gave his share away to the poor and
needy. On many instances there was no food at all in his
house for three days.

Once a person saw Imaam Ali at the time of dinner breaking
the seal of a small bag and taking out a hard dry piece of
bread for his meal. That person exclaimed to the house
members that did not they feel pity on the Imaam that he was
so much burdened in running the state affairs and in spite of
his advanced age he does not get a nourishing diet. The
Imaam himself replied to him that he was intentionally
sealing the bag because his sons may not put any oil in the
bread. He preferred the same dry and hard bread. He said that
how can he live comfortably when there were many poor
people in the country. So he lived to the lowest standard of
poor people so that even the poorest person could afford to
live like that.

Once a person visited Imaam Ali A.S. in Kufa when he was
on the seat of apparent caliphate. It was a winter season, and

he saw Imaam Ali (a.s) shivering because of the chilling cold.
He told the Imaam that now he was the sole ruler so why he
stays in such a state that he does not even have a proper cloth
for the protection from cold. The Imaam replied to him that
he had not taken a single penny from the government treasury
(baytul maal), and the cloth which he had put on was the
same he had brought with him from Madina.

Once after evening prayers Imaam Ali (a.s) saw a person still
sitting in the Masjid; he was a traveler and so he had no
where to go. After formal greetings Imaam Ali (a.s) offered
his food to the traveler, but the traveler returned it with
thanks saying that the bread was too hard for him to break.
Imaam Ali A.S. then told him to go to a house nearby where
he can get good fresh food; the traveler went as directed by
the Imaam. He was welcomed there and food was served to
him and to all who were present there. After he finished his
food, he put some of it in a packet. The host asked him where
was he taking the food and for whom. He replied there was
an old man in the Masjid who does not have any food except
a piece of dried hard bread. The host then said to him, “The
person in the Masjid is my father and it is his way of life that
he does not ever take tasty dishes. Those who want to be
served tasty and fresh food come here for which I make
everyday preparations for them. The old man you saw in the
Masjid is my revered father and Imaam of the time, Ali ibn
Abi Talib A.S.”

Imaam Ali A.S. often said, “Should I content myself with this
that the people call me „Commander of the Faithful‟ and I
should not share the vicissitudes of life with them?”

Imaam Ali A.S. was not a world-loving man. He was a divine
person with all qualities of divinity which were matchless.

All his deeds were based on the pleasure of Allaah S.W.T.
only. Umar bin Abdul Azeez, one of the Umayyad rulers,
even though his family was most inimical towards Imaam Ali
A.S. but his words of praise for Imam Ali A.S. were these,
“The most chaste and pious person in the world was Ali ibn
Abi Talib A.S.”

His concentration in prayers was such that when he stood for
prayers he was entirely absorbed in it and nothing in the
world could distract his concentration from it. Once in a
certain war he was seriously wounded in his leg, the head of
an arrow had gone deep so as to make it impossible to pull it
out, the pain was immense, but it was easily pulled out only
at the time when Imaam Ali a.s. was engrossed in his prayers,
he could not even feel the pain at that time.

Once a devotee of the Imaam came running to his house to
tell Lady Fatima Zahra S.A. that he saw Imaam Ali A.S.
lying dead in the Masjid. But he was told not to worry
because it was the daily routine of Imaam Ali A.S. going to
the Masjid at night and pray to Allaah S.W.T. and in the
course of his prayers and beseeching he became so immersed,
engrossed, and trembling in fear of Allaah that he lost his

He was so just that he used to say, “Even if all the seven
regions of the world and whatever is under the sky is offered
to me so that I may disobey God and take away unjustly a
single husk of barley from the mouth of an ant, I shall never
do so. In my eyes this entire world is inferior to a leaf which
may be pressed in a locust‟s mouth.”


         IMAM ALI (A.S.)‟S JUSTICE
When Uthman (3rd caliph) was killed the masses thronged at
Imaam Ali‟s door and pursued him to accept the ruler ship,
but he did not accept it and told them to find any other one to
fill the vacancy. But people were fed up with the shattered
system of the past regimes and they now needed a divine rule
which they were sure was based on the foundations of pure
justice. After much pursuance Imaam Ali accepted the post
but he said clearly that his rule will be based initially on
justice. The very first step he took was to distribute the
wealth of government treasury (Baytul-Maal) equally to one
and all without discriminating one from another. He also
announced that the ill-gotten property during the past regimes
shall be restored to its rightful place, without fear or favor.
He also replaced all those corrupt officers with the faithful
ones. He was advised by some of the well wishers that first
he should make his hold strong on the seat of government by
letting lose the characters of the corrupted officers, when his
rule becomes strong enough then he should kick off those
culprits, but Imaam Ali a.s was not after the power so
immediately he started dismissing the corrupt workers and
replaced the vacancies with faithful and pious officers. That
is why he did not make many friends because people were
get used to be bestowed with unlawful blessings from the
government pockets, while Imaam Ali was opposed to that,
he did not consider the government money as someone‟s
personal property, it was the property of the Allaah S.W.T.,

and as such every individual had equal right on it, be he a
slave or a master.

Once his brother Aqeel appealed to him to increase a little bit
the stipend he was receiving from the government treasury,
he said he had small children and so he found it hard to
maintain all the expenses. Imaam Ali A.S. did not agree to
his appeal, he said he will not increase even a penny but he
shall follow the same procedure of equality and he will
receive that much which was equal to others.

Once his coat of amour was stolen and incidentally he saw it
with one Christian fellow. Imaam Ali A.S. even though he
was the sole ruler of the country, lodged complaint against
the culprit in the court of law. Both were summoned before
the judge, Imaam Ali A.S. was told to produce the proof but
he did not, so the case went in favor of that Christian. The
coat of armor was given to him. But that man realized that
even Imaam Ali was the head of the state and the judge was
his subordinate, he did not disrupt the judgment, and he also
knew very well that Imaam Ali never spoke a lie. The
Christian immediately fell down on Imaam‟s feet begging his
forgiveness; he returned Imaam‟s property and willingly
accepted Islaam. This was by just noticing the greatness of
Imaam Ali a.s.

Muaviya was a deadly enemy of Imaam Ali A.S. but even
then he had admired his best qualities and morals. When he
led an army to fight Imaam Ali A.S. he reached at the banks
of a river and immediately made his soldiers stand guard on
the banks so that when Imaam Ali‟s army arrive there they
could not get access to water. This was portraying the image
of Muaviya‟s evil mentality. When Imaam Ali arrived at that
place and his army needed water they were prevented by the

enemy‟s soldiers. Some brave army soldiers from Imaam
Ali‟s army went to the river banks and fought the enemy
making them flee away from there. Now the river banks were
in control of Imaam Ali A.S. People thought that it should
have been tit for tat. But they did not realize that Imaam Ali
was not like the wretched Muaviya. He said, “I allow the
enemy army to utilize the water from the river same as we are
using it, there is no prohibition on it.”

All his instructions and orders to his officers were based on
the pivot of justice. He was more then a kind father to all
human beings. He instructed his officers to behave very
gently with his subjects. To the oppressors his behaviour was
harsh and warned them of severe consequences. He often
ordered, “Redress the grievances of people and meet their
needs because you derive your capital from them. Do not
deprive anyone of what he rightfully needs, and do not
obstruct him from attaining his object.”

When he appointed Malik-e-Ashtar as his governor in Egypt
Imaam Ali wrote an excellent testament to him. He wrote,
“Do not live with people like ferocious animal and do not
treat their sustenance as war booty. People fall under one of
the two categories: either they are your brethren in faith from
religious point of view, or, they are your equals because of
them being human beings like you. Ignore their short
comings and forgive their mistakes just as you hope
forgiveness from God. Do not regret your forgiving a person,
and do not insist upon awarding punishment, and strictly
prohibit hoarding.”

His slaves also were treated in such a way that they never felt
inferior because of justice and leniency being shown to them.
They never fell back in obedience and devotion to Imaam Ali

(a.s) Once Imaam Ali went with his servant Qambar to
purchase two shirts, he gave the expensive one to Qambar
and kept with himself the cheaper and simple one, Qambar
said that he was the master and so he should have the good
one but Imaam Ali said to him, “Keep the better one with you
because you are young while I am an old man so this simple
one is good for me.” He did not let his slaves feel the sense of
being subordinate. Often he would let his slaves to go away
free but they willingly denied to leave his company.

Imaam Ali A.S. was the master of supreme attributes. One of
them was his noble disposition. He never entertained grudge
or revenge even for his staunch enemies. He was always with
grace and piety. His accursed assassin was Ibn Muljim L.A.
who gave him a fatal blow from his poisoned sword on the
head. When the wretched fellow was caught and bound in
ropes and was brought before the Commander of the Faithful
Imaam Ali (a.s) he first ordered to loosen the ropes and give
him some good drink because he was exhausted on account
of running. Moreover he gave instruction to his sons not to
act unjustly to his murderer.

As concerning the Kharejites they were Imaam Ai A.S.‟s
deadly enemies, in fact they were not less troublesome then
Muawiya and Amr bin Aas. They had gathered an army and
had fought a war against Imaam Ali A.S. Even for such
obstinate and deviated people he advised his friends and
followers not to fight them because he knew that Kharejites
had fallen prey to misunderstanding and had been misguided
by some bad elements (such as Muawiya and the likes).

Imaam Ali A.S. was a perfect magnanimous person and a
magnanimous person is never revengeful and nor do he
tolerate injustice and oppression.

Because of their ignorance and greediness people could not
bear the just and truthful ruler. That is why Imaam Ali‟s
supporters were in minority. But even they were few in
number their staunch faith was as ever unshakable as a
mountain. They were ever ready to sacrifice their precious
lives for the sake of Imaam Ali A.S. And this was not their
trend during his life time only but even decades after
martyrdom of Imaam Ali A.S. his devotees have the same

As a general rule the world-loving and short-sighted people
were in majority and as such these very people were Imaam
Ali‟s enemies because of the difference in ideology of both
parties. Those world-loving people wanted a ruler who was
as corrupt as their own selves, who would not care for the
public property, and would exercise leniency even though
they took to oppression, corruption or usurpation. But this
was quite an opposing factor to Imaam Ali‟s ideology, and
therefore he was more surrounded by enemies rather then

But it was Imaam Ali A.S.‟s immoveable faith and will-
power that gave him strength to stand steadily for prayers
within the ranks of raging battle under the shadows of
pouring arrows and swords. Furthermore, he would always
come out of his house after midnight in the pitch of the
darkness and walk to Masjid for prayers, without any fear of
his enemies; he never carried any weapons or kept any
bodyguard with him.


As he was brought up by the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. since
his very childhood Imaam Ali A.S. was flawlessly benefited
from all types of knowledge from the Prophet. That is why he
was matchless in all types of knowledge and jurisprudence.
And that is why the Holy prophet S.A.W.W. had said, “I am
the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate.” Imaam Ali A.S.
used to say that the Holy Prophet answered all his questions
satisfactorily and when he did not inquire about anything
then the Holy Prophet Himself started giving him more
knowledge. His contemporaries could never find a greater
jurist or a greater judge then Imaam Ali A.S. Even all the
three caliphs, Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman were often
helped by Imaam Ali A.S. in solving their problems.

Abu Hanifa is considered a „the grand Imam‟ in the capacity
of a jurist, but anyhow he was a pupil of Imaam Ali A.S.
through Imaam Ja‟afer Saadiq A.S. Likewise, Malik bin Anas
was benefited in jurisprudence from Imaam Ali A.S. through
a few intermediaries. Abdullah Bin Abbas – called the great
jurist and commentator of the Holy Qur‟aan, was once asked,
“What is the ratio of your knowledge to your cousin Ali‟s
knowledge?” He replied, “The ratio is same as that between a
drop and an ocean.” Imaam Ali A.S. was the master of
philosophy, literature, grammar, legal dealings, and many
more sciences.In brief, it suffices for an intelligent person to
know at certain extent that there was no equal to Imaam Ali
in knowledge when he openly announced, “Ask me, ask me
whatever you want to know, ask me before you lose me from
amongst you.” Nobody can have such mettle of confidence if
he is not armed with the challenge that he throws.


Even though Imaam Ali (a.s) was the bravest and most
fearless person anyone ever heard of, at the same time
forbearance and patience were also his memorable attributes.
Together with these magnificent characteristic the most
incredible aspect was his magnanimity of generosity of spirit.
He undertook single handed to protecting the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. from his very childhood. On the incidence of
Da‟awate Dhul Asheera he was the only one who stood up
from among the whole gathering of the chiefs of Quraish to
announce his support to the Prophet. On the battle fields he
was on the forefront. He never fled from the battle field nor
from his opponent, whether it was Badr, Uhad, Khaybar,
Khandaq, Hunayn, Siffeen, Jamal, or any war you name it.
History have recorded that there were the so-called honorable
companions who did not mind atall for the Prophet, they left
him amongst the enemies and ran far away to save their own
lives, but Imam Ali (a.s) never left the Prophet, he was
always besides him, protecting, defending and supporting.

In all the battles Imaam Ali (a.s) always came out victorious.
The most dreaded one like Amr bin Abdawood, Antar and
Marhab were put to sword by him in a few moment‟s combat.
In the battle of Uhad when Muslim soldiers showed laxity to
the Prophet‟s command and due to it the enemies made a
sudden and unexpected attack on them, all the Muslims
including the so-called big Sahabas fled away leaving the
Prophet at the mercy of the enemies, but it was Imaam Ali
(a.s) alone who was there by the Prophet‟s side defending the
Prophet from enemies‟ attacks and pushing away the
attackers until he made all the enemies flee away.

In the battle of Khaybar fourty days had passed but non from
the Muslim army could conquer the enemies. Many so-called
brave companions went to fight but they were defeated by the
enemies and so they returned unsuccessful. Imaam Ali (a.s)
was not present at that time, he was in Madeena. The Holy
Prophet sent for him and Imaam Ali (a.s) instantly came at
Khaybar. He was given the standard of war. Imaam Ali (a.s)
went to fight the enemies and returned triumphant and
victorious. His might can be imagined from the fact that there
was a massive gate of a fortress which could only be opened
by not less then fourty persons, Imaam Ali (a.s) uprooted that
huge gate with only one hand and while holding it up, made
the Muslim army cross over it to the other side of the trench.

In the battles of Jamal and Siffeen also in spite of the
enormous army of the opponents Imaam Ali (a.s) came out

So one may wonder how was it that at several instances
history has recorded that in spite of open oppression and
usurpation to Imaam Ali (a.s) he did not react or punish the
enemies but endured with patience. The answer is that neither
all of his opponents nor most of his followers were able to
understand and to properly recognize the personality of
Imaam Ali (a.s). Only a very few of his true and faithful
companions were lucky to have a true glimpse of his divine

General view of the most people is that the bravery means to
attack, to hit, to shoot, and to rip open the enemy. But the
bravery of Imaam Ali (a.s) was of the most superior aspect. It
can never ever be compared to the prevalent description. His
bravery was complimented by magnanimity.

Imaam Ali (a.s) would always make his utmost effort upto
the last moment to bring the opponent to realization of truth,
he never attacked anyone without giving him an opportunity
to ponder over the truth and make him aware of the path of
truth. Battle and war was his last resort and that also was
never initiated by him. History is numb to produce even a
single instance where the fight was initiated by Imaam Ali
(A.S). He was always seen on the defensive side.

When the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. breathed his last Imaam
Ali (a.s) and some of the Hashemites were busy in
preparation of the last rites to the blessed body of the
Prophet; meanwhile some greedy-of-power persons hastened
to Saqeefa and hastily chose a ruler among themselves who
was suiting to their tastes. The people who pretended to
surround the Holy Prophet during his life did not care a bit
neither to offer their last respects to the blessed dead body of
the Prophet nor to say some words of condolences to the
bereaved family of the Prophet.

This was the true face of their companionship; above it
people blame Shiahs that they do not respect some of the
companions. Of course, how could one respect and revere a
person who did not respect and revere the Holy Prophet? It is
but a natural thing that a good companion is praised, not a
bad one. It is from the fundamental principles of religion that
one has to love the one who loves the Prophet and his family
members and one has to hate those who are inimical to the
Prophet and his family members. It is but a natural factor.
How can one respect and love the person who has impounded
upon the property of the Prophet‟s family. How can one
respect and love a person who has usurped the right of the
Prophet‟s family? How can one love and respect the person

who went to put on fire the house of the Prophet‟s daughter?
These and other more then these are such serious matters that
can never ever be reconcilable. Although the Shiahs do not
speak abusing language against anyone but they certainly
don‟t have any good feelings or reverence towards such
Sahabas who went contrary to the teachings of the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. and ignored, troubled, and even injured
the family members of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.

Imaam Ali (a.s) had to bear all the mischief and fraud from
those people for the only reason of the betterment of Islaam
and Muslims. In spite of the clear commandments from the
Holy Prophet to the people that Imaam Ali was the
immediate successor to him, his right of caliphate was
usurped. Of course he objected to it showing his disapproval
but he did not rise up and took arms against the usurpers. He
was a very farsighted person. It was evident that if he had
fought severely then there would have been divisions in
Islaam and the enemies would have got an opportunity to
attack and finish the yet growing religion from its very roots,
thus making Islaam a legend talk for the future communities.

Imaam Ali (a.s) was mistreated when the ruling party came to
take him compelling him to give his oath of allegiance to the
new self-selected caliph. Umar bin Khattab came with
firewood and set the house of Fatima Zehra (S.A) on fire; he
was told that the daughter of the Prophet was therein with her
small children; to it Umar replied, “Let them be therein but I
will burn this house.” He broke the door of the house
wounding seriously the daughter of the Holy Prophet and
causing the death of her unborn child. Imaam Ali (a.s) was
dragged with a rope in his neck; but he maintained silence,
there was no any trouble from his side. The onlookers were
wonder-struck seeing a mighty warrior being treated in such

an inhumane manner. But Ali endured all the misbehaviors
silently because he knew the clandestine which people could
not know. He saw the future which others could not see.

Then, people also observed Imaam Ali (a.s) keeping silence
in the case of an aged revered Sahabi of the Holy Prophet –
Abu Dharr, who spoke nothing but the truth. Uthman and
Marwan ordered the aged Abu Dhar to be deported to the far
off barren land of Rabadha. He endured humiliation which
was meted out to Abu Dharr by the cruel rulers. Had Imaam
Ali objected to it then there were certainly some righteous
Muslims who would not have legged behind in their support
but Imaam Ali maintained silence.

The fact is that nobody could understand Imaam Ali as it
should be. At the present time also people wonder why he
had to maintain silence in those situations while he saw
things were being diverted erroneously. But it is not easy to
asses the situation of those times, we are in a far apart era
from those times. Imaam Ali (a.s) observed with a quite
different angle from which we use to think. He knew better
what was in store of the future. As far as we know there was
always a spirit of sacrifice ever present in Imaam Ali (a.s), he
was ever prepared to suffer any hardship for the welfare of
Muslim Ummah; his intention was ever directed to the safety
of Islaam. He never wished that dissention should take hold
in Muslims thus hindering propagation and spread of

There in Madeena several influential persons had approached
him instigating him to rise up and take arms against the
usurpers, they were ready to provide all the needed for a
fight, but Imaam Ali (a.s) turned down their offers politely.
He knew that these were the people who wished the Muslim

Ummah should be divided and subsequently abolished for
ever, so that neither Islaam nor its values would remain to
control them, and thus they would return to their pagan ways
of the ages of ignorance, ruling over the indigent people and
making then subservient to their masters.

So Imaam Ali (a.s) was very cautious about this matter, he
did not wish that people should revert to where they came
from, thus making all the efforts of the Holy Prophet become

There were external enemies also eagerly waiting for the
opportune time to attack Muslims and nip Islaam in its very
bud. But they were disappointed through Imaam Ali‟s firm
position and farsightedness.

There was a lot which Imaam Ali (a.s) knew and people did
not know. He had worked hard with the Prophet of Islaam to
establish the religion of Islaam. Therefore he equally shared
the responsibility of its protection and propagation. Therefore
he could not tolerate its destruction. And apparently this was
the main cause of him enduring all oppressions and
usurpation of his right.


As Imaam Ali (a.s) was the loved one and favorite of the
Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. he was awfully envied by some
people whose breasts were full of the dirt of the envy,
mischief and evil. They could not withstand Imaam Ali‟s best
conduct, high morals and unmatchable intelligence. He was
always truthful and loved justice for everyone, so those who
were accustomed to illegal gains and oppressing other human
beings were always in opposition to him because they were
damned sure that if he were to become the ruler he will never
tolerate their misappropriating of a single penny.

After the assassination of Uthman silence prevailed in
Madeena. People of Ansaar (helpers), Muhaajir (immigrants)
and all who had gathered there were now in a look out for a
new Caliph. There came no one in their sight for that post but
Imaam Ali (a.s). They put forward their suggestion for it but
Imaam Ali (a.s) refused to accept it. He said, “Leave me and
find out someone else for this caliphate.” He continued
refusing to accept the post but the masses gathered at his door
persistently and requested him to honour them by accepting
their demand.

People did not realize that even if they would not accept him
as a Caliph he was already a Caliph over them by divine
decree. This matter was disclosed by the Holy Prophet at
several instances, and a Muslim is required to believe that the
Prophet does not speak of his own accord but it is from The
Almighty Allaah S.W.T. Anyhow it is not a strange thing that
the Holy Prophet was opposed during his life time on several
instances by the same so-called respected companions, so
was also the case if Caliphate of Imaam Ali (a.s) was ignored

and opposed by people who did not value the Prophet‟s

It was after realizing their past mistake of selecting an unfit
person for the caliphate, at certain extent, that they saw it was
non but Ali to be the right person for the vacant seat of
caliphate. Imaam Ali (a.s) was consistently denying
accepting the post but masses were more adamant in their
demand to accept none but him only as their Caliph. So when
Imaam Ali (a.s) saw that if he would not accept that post
another unfit person will ruin the remaining Islaam, and so as
to save the Islaamic values at the most possible extent he
agreed to their demand and accepted the rulership. But he
also told the people that his ruling system will solely be
based on Islaamic Shariah, and that he shall never tolerate
any discrepancies in maintaining law and order prescribed by

On that instance certainly there were the enemies present in
the capital but they saw that the whole Ummah from every
Islaamic city were eager to accept Imaam Ali (a.s) as their
Leader so they could do nothing at that time except join the
stream for the time being. The enemies were not happy
because in their hearts they longed the leadership for
themselves. Talha and Zubayr were among those with high
hopes of material gains, if atall not from gaining the seat of
caliphate but from any other means. They were damn sure
that now Ali was the ruler so they saw their dreams being
diminished. They became staunch enemies of Imaam Ali
(a.s). They also instigated Bibi Ummul Mu‟mineen Aaisha to
wage war against Imaam Ali (a.s) which was materialized in
the Battle of Jamal (camel). Thousands of people were slain
on both sides in that battle whose main cause was the worldly
power hunted by unscrupulous persons.

Muaviya, another staunch enemy of Imaam Ali (a.s) who was
watching seated in Damascus wished Imaam Ali‟s army to be
reduced in number so as to be easy for him to wage another
war against him. Muaviya was such an evil person that since
Umar bin Khattab made him the governor of Syria he started
making his grip tighter on the province, then proceeding to
the hopes of gaining the sole rulership of Arabia. Thus the
mistake started from the very initial stage of awarding him
rulership of Syria, the caliphs never bothered to take accounts
from him, he was let absolutely loose to rule as per his own
wish. So he made it his own personal kingdom. He did not
ever consider himself a servant of the nation. His motive was
to rule over the people and enslave the poor people. Upto the
regime of Uthman he had made his kingdom firm enough and
now he was eying further for more expansion.

So after the battle of Jamal Muaviya set out to fight Imaam
Ali (a.s) and the Battle of Siffeen took place. Thousands of
people lost their lives in that battle. When Muaviya saw
Imaam Ali (a.s) on the verge of victory, Umar Aas and he
planned a treachery. They mounted the Holy Qur‟aan on the
spears and thus requested for peace. Imaam Ali (a.s) very
well knew their treachery but most of his soldiers came under
the deceitfulness of Muaviya and they forced the battle to a

Then there came a new movement in existence called the
Kharejites. These people neither accepted Imaam Ali (a.s) as
the rightful Caliph nor the treacherous Muaviya. So this new
group started their own machinations against Imaam Ali (a.s).
They also waged war against Imaam Ali (a.s) but were wiped
out except very few saved their lives. As fate was destined
one of them, the accursed Ibn Muljim struck a deadly blow of

his poisoned sword on the blessed head of Imaam Ali (a.s)
while he was in his morning prayers in Masjide Koofa. It was
the fateful morning of nineteenth of Holy Ramadhaan. After
two days the magnanimous and divine personality left for the
eternal abode.


Whether Imaam Ali (a.s) was in his apparent Caliphate or
when he was seated in his house ignored deliberately by the
ruling party, his high morale and divine powers were not
hidden from anyone. Not even an iota of a smallest mistake
or lapse could be traced in his holy life since beginning upto
the end. He was always a helping person to whom help was
needed. His servants and followers received so much
knowledge and moral characters that even they are being
revered by the people. His enemies also could not restrain
themselves speaking praiseworthy talks about him. Although
he was robbed of his right to the caliphate but he never set
back to helping those same culprits; whenever need arose he
was called for help, and he instantly appeared with absolute

So one wonders what was that factor which made people
neglect him and snatch his right from him; although people
were quite aware that the Holy Prophet had willed and at
numerous instances had clearly introduced Imaam Ali (a.s) as
his immediate successor, leader, ruler and Caliph. They also
knew that there was none in the whole world who excelled
Imaam Ali in goodness, character, justice, truthfulness and
capability. So what was that cause which changed the course
of history? The clear cut answer to this is that the people who
snatched his right were the enemies of Allaah S.W.T. Imaam
Ali (a.s) loved Allaah S.W.T. and obeyed his commandments
punctually while people of greed who hastened to Saqeefa to
fill the vacant seat knew very well that he will not tolerate
the one who is an enemy of Allaah S.W.T. - the one who has

a hatred towards justice, peace, and equity. So they thought it
good to keep him away from their affairs.

The ruling regimes aimed to their worldly wishes of material
gains by expanding the territories of their boundaries. They
persuaded in their goals and Islaamic boundaries were
certainly expanded far and wide, but although Islaamic by
name they lacked the values and essence of Islaam.
Subsequently Islaam remained in name only and it is being
carried on until these present times on the expense of those
who started the game. One can rightly guess the awful end
result of those persons who deceived the Muslims and their
generations are still on the same mislead path since centuries.


When Imaam Ali A.S. was offered the seat of caliphate and
ruler ship he formulated such solid rules and regulations for
the betterment of society that even the social sciences of the
present era confirm its accurate and precise values. Those
values may be given any name but its essence is that they
should protect human race from all types of oppression and a
perfect society should be formed that protects human rights
in better ways, - a society in which human dignity, respect,
and freedom of expression should be safe and practicable to
such an extent that non could be hurt or demoralized. Imaam
Ali‟s entire attention was directed towards enforcing rules
and regulations for the betterment of society based on equity
and justice. He was whole-heartedly dedicated to the purpose,
without caring even for his own life. His thoughts, his
governing system, his politics, and his par excellence
manners were all dedicated to the hope of achievement of
highest morale in human beings. His aim was that justice
should be practiced in such a way that a particular class of
people should not enjoy any supremacy over the others, and
each individual should receive that for which he or she is
rightfully entitled by law. Indeed Imaam Ali A.S.‟s
government was the best specimen of administration. Even
after the lapse of fourteen centuries, when the avowed
enemies also pay unsolicited tribute to him, so one with
literally and spiritual insight can easily grasp its

Imaam Ali A.S. had to undergo numerous difficulties for his
high aims; there were fights, frauds deceits and harmful
activities all around him. At the time when he sat on the seat
of rulership most of the distinguished subjects were already
outside the right track, it was very hard to bring them back.
Some high ranking VIPs had very high expectations from
Imaam Ali A.S. They had paid their allegiance in hope of a
heavy return. Some went in the dark of the night to Imaam
Ali‟s house and forwarded their transaction of barter trade
that they give their oath of allegiance on condition that they
should be handed over the governorship of certain provinces
solely without any interference from the ruler, and all the
income of those provinces should be pocketed by them,
making them the sole proprietors of the people and their
properties. Imaam Ali A.S. rejected them; he had no use of
that type of people. People were used to misappropriation and
fraud and every type of evil, which was ofcourse quite
contradicting to Imaam Ali‟s thinking. So, he had to rule
amongst such hardcore fellows that it was not an ordinary
man‟s work of handling them. It was an immense
undertaking to establish the laws of Allaah S.W.T. That is
why he understood from the very beginning that people will
not be able to digest what he had to do, hence his refusal to
accept the rulership. But at that critical moment majority of
the people were overpowered by their sentiments of having
now a just rule. And thus it seemed incumbent to Imaam Ali
A.S. to accept their hard-pressed request otherwise another
incompetent would have undertaken it.

Now that he was the sole ruler of Arabia Imaam Ali A.S. set
to rule according to the laws of Allaah S.W.T. and as
prescribed by His Prophet S.A.W.W. He knew that it was
very dangerous to divide people into two classes, preferring
one over the other, its outcome was the retarded intellects,

malice in spirits, oppression, and injustice in judgments, and
imbalanced transactions. Moreover, all sorts of mischief and
corruptions would crop up by divisions. So long as the two
classes exists there shall also exist conflicts in society. That
type of ruling system was already experienced by the people
during the previous regimes. Dignitaries of the state and
especially members of Umayyad family who were kinsmen
and relatives of the caliph were openly opposing Islaamic
rules and human values. They humiliated the masses, treated
them like slaves, and made them so much afraid of the ruler
that they dared not speak a word of their grievances to the
caliph. They did not refrain to shedding innocent blood for
their personal benefits and non from the masses could dare
take revenge or demand justice from those oppressors.
Giving and taking of bribes and lootings were the order of the
day without any fear because of the relationship to the ruler.
Their aim was to change caliphate into kingship and Islaamic
democracy into despotisms and dictatorship of individuals.
This was the prevailing condition of the country whose
masters were the so-called Muslims. In this hazardous
situation Imaam Ali A.S. declared boldly that he wants to
rule on the basis of justice and nothing but justice only.

It was indeed a tough time for Imaam Ali A.S. Nevertheless
his determination was also inflexible. If atall had he loosened
the grip then it was the religion of Islaam which was to
suffer. So, from day one he started implementing his
resolution on a pure basis of justice and humanity. His tough
times can be compared with those of the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. who had to face against the polytheists of Makka
who were as hard as dry rocks to believe in the message of
the Prophet. For both of these divine personalities existed two
parties in their times, one was of truthfulness, honesty,
justice, equity and uprightness while on the other front were

satanic forces like treachery, profiteering, egotism, and love
for the worldly power. As the Holy Prophet had said that he
shall not abandon his mission even if they put the sun on his
one hand and the moon on the other, so was the same
determination with Imaam Ali (a.s) as far as possible he
amended all that had gone wrong. Before the apparent
caliphate of Imaam Ali the caliphate was completely
disfigured into kingship. People were divided in two classes.
There were the Umayyads and their henchmen with wolf-like
open mouths ready to devour anything that came in their
sight; and there were the pious and righteous people even in
minority but ever ready to sacrifice even their precious lives
for the right cause, evidently siding with Imaam Ali A.S.
Majority had already deviated from the right path and that
was what Imaam Ali had considered that if he was not to
control the prevailing situation then the Islaamic values
would be totally lost from peoples‟ brains for ever.

Even though the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. had taken
tremendous trouble to make people receive the divine
message of Islaam and of course many had entered the folds
of Islaam, but naturally that tremendous venture could not
gain firm roots in the minds in just a few years of the
Prophet‟s life. There was remaining a need for continuous
connection of the divine message to be going on and on
making the hearts of people such staunch believers that
nobody can think of reverting to the past. This was
significantly said by the Holy Prophet himself at various
instances that Imaam Ali will be his successor, so as to make
his mission on constant rejuvenation, and he also had
commanded to obey Imaam Ali and that whoever shall not
obey him was doomed, but a soon as people saw the end of
the Prophet was nearing and that he may not remind them
again to obey Imaam Ali, then cunningly Umar bin Khattab

denied the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. to convey anything
saying that the book of Allaah was sufficient for them.
Although, undoubtedly none was as knowledgeable as Imaam
Ali regarding the Book of Allaah. When the verses and
chapters of the Holy Qur‟an were being brought by the
Archangel Jibraeel Imam Ali was present and the Prophet
fully explained in full details of every word of the Holy
Qur‟aan to him. As a drastic result of disobeying the
Prophet‟s request the Ummah had to bear its bitter fruits up
to this day and the days to come. Imaam Ali very well knew
his responsibility that is why whenever any need arose,
without any grudge for the usurpers of his right to caliphate,
he instantly came for the help so as to save Islaamic values
being tarnished in bad image.

As soon as the Holy Prophet breathed his last the greedy
people, in whom Islaam had not yet penetrated to the heart,
raced for the vacant space without realizing that it was not
meant for them, it was a lofty post for the one chosen by
Allaah through His Prophet. But bad luck for those who
worshipped their desires rather then worshipping Almighty
Allaah S.W.T. Their real attitude towards Islaam manifested
very rapidly. They shamelessly denied that the Prophet had
appointed Ali A.S. to be his successor. They thus meant that
the Prophet left the world and his mission uncompleted
without caring who will be its trustee. They also denied that
the Prophets leave behind them the legacy to be inherited by
his heirs, thus they snatched the property of the beloved
daughter of the Holy Prophet, it was the vast estate of Fadaq,
and although its income was spent on the needy and poor
people, but the ruling party were afraid that it might be
utilized to raise an army to fight them, so they usurped it.
They said the Holy Prophet had not appointed anyone as his
successor. To this, may we ask them why Abu Bakr and

Umar acted otherwise by appointing or nominating their
successors? The question is yet unanswered. If these people
had the right to appoint or nominate their successor then the
Holy Prophet had much more rights then them.

The Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. was quite confident that none
except Imaam Ali only is the capable person to continue the
holy mission of Islaam. And that is why at various instances
he had clearly mentioned about his succession, some times he
said Ali was to him as Haroon was to Moosa, some times he
said to whomever he was the Master then Ali was his Master.
At the instance of dispatching Surah-e-Tawbah Allaah
specifically commanded the Holy Prophet to dispatch the
Surah himself or someone who is like himself, and history
has recorded that Imaam Ali was sent to dispatch the Surah.
Various instances and hadeeth from the Holy Prophet are
recorded that indicate clearly the Imaamat, Caliphate and
Rulership of Imaam Ali A.S.

Indeed Imaam Ali A.S. did not take up arms but he also did
not keep quiet when his right to caliphate was usurped, at
many instances he kept them reminding to return it to the
right owner, but in vain, no good can be expected from those
whose hearts were sealed. He had told the ruling caliphs that,
“I shall never give my oath of allegiance to you rather it is
my right to take oath of allegiance from you, I deserve it
more then you, you put forward your weak arguments to
Ansaars on the basis of your kinship to the Holy Prophet,
while you have bent to usurp the right of the household
members of the Holy Prophet. You argued before the
Ansaars that Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.W. was one of
you, and accepting your argument they surrendered to
you and you easily assumed the seat of government. Now
I put the same argument in front of you people that we

are the successors of the Holy Prophet Muhammad
S.A.W.W., therefore if you believe in the Prophet and
Islaam you should do justice to us, failing to it you are
guilty of willful oppression.”

But alas! The greedy and avaricious people did not have any
effect on them, their short sights could see nothing but the
short-lived pleasures of this transient world, the traditions
and commandments of the Holy Prophet had lost the value in
their brains. But anyhow, Imaam Ali A.S. was not after any
worldly gains, he performed his responsibility to let them
know truth, it was then upon them to decide which way to go,
the right or the wrong. Imaam is the representative of Allaah
S.W.T. so he has not to go to every door and drag people to
take their consent and make them forcefully accept him an
Imaam, it is upon the people who are in need of a rightful
Imaam to search with farsightedness that the person they
believe to be the Imaam or caliph or ruler, is he a right person
or not. Basically, right does not have to look out for its
adherers; but the people have to look out for the right. To be
adorned as Hajji one has to go towards the Qa‟aba, Qa‟aba
does not come to the people. So Imaam Ali .S. did not force
anyone to accept him as an Imaam or Caliph, whoever
wanted to do so willingly were warmly welcomed but those
obstinate were left on their own bad luck.

Even though Imaam Ali had a very few faithful followers but
he was quite content and confident that hey shall keep alive
his ideals and fundamentals of religion for ever. And that is
why we see that the followers of Imaam Ali a.s. are widely
spread over every corner of earth, go to any country of the
globe, be it north, south, east or west, the place will not be
devoid of the followers of Imaam Ali a.s. Even where there
are non-Muslims or non-believers of Ahlul Bayt A.S. (the

holy progeny of the Prophet) overwhelmingly, but certainly
you will definitely find a percentage of the lovers and
followers of the Ahlul Bayt a.s. This is amongst the solid
proofs of the truth being always eternal, it can never be
suppressed. History authenticates that the so-called Muslim
caliphs had murdered millions of people on a simple charge
of being either from the Holy Progeny of the Holy Prophet or
being their follower. People were beheaded, shot, strangled to
death, put to swords, live built in the walls, massacred and
what not, these were the followers of Imaam Ali a.s who
were being punished for the only fault of being his followers,
but all their efforts to smear out the name of Imaam Ali a.s
went in vain, but they can‟t yet understand that anything
which is on the basis of right can never ever be eradicated,
and that, right always prospers, even at a slow pace, but the
wise saying goes thus, „slow and steady wins the race‟. And
of course The Awaited Imaam Mehdi A.S. will be from the
successors of Imaam Ali A.S. who will eventually come to
rule the whole world as predicted by the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. fourteen centuries ago.

Anyhow, as we know Imaam Ali A.S. had no desire for
gaining this transient world, all his deeds and actions were
for the sake of pleasing Almighty Allaah S.W.T. only.
Actually his superb motive was far beyond the imagination of
any mortal. Nobody in the universe could know him fully
well except The Almighty Allaah and The Holy Prophet only.
He was a divine personality. He lived as a human being and
maintained all human behaviors and factors because he was
sent to the humans; otherwise he was able to perform
anything which was super-human and divine. Of course its
glimpses manifested at certain instances and people
witnessed them, but as he was living a simplest life those
with shallow thinking could not realize his value. Although

he possessed divine powers but he never utilized them for the
petty matters regarding this world. If he wished it was
nothing impossible for him, by the Grace of Allaah he would
do whatever he wished, but he passed his entire life as an
ordinary human being and put to use his powers parallel to
those of an ordinary human being.

Imaam Ali A.S.‟s high morals and magnanimity are evident
from the fact that even his enemies were benefited by him.
History recognizes his services rendered to the three previous
caliphs, these were the persons who sat on the seat meant for
Imaam Ali (A.S.) but he did not draw back his magnanimous
hands from helping them whenever they sought help from
him. Muaviya was also his deadly enemy but when he was in
dire need of water and he had no any other means to get it,
Imaam Ali (A.S.) freely gave him access to water. Even his
murderer was looked upon with kindness by Imaam Ali
(A.S.) Can the world provide any other example of such a
Leader? Never ever except for the Holy Prophet and his
Twelve Successors (A.S.) only.

Imaam Ali (a.s) was the perfect manifestation of Islamic
teachings and the best image of human perfection. He neither
allowed his personal differences to interfere with Islaamic or
collective matters, nor did he ever permit his personal
interests and feelings to disregard honesty and integrity. His
knowledge of everything knew no bounds; he said that he
knew more about the paths of heavens then of the earth. His
challenge was, “Ask me concerning whatsoever before you
lose me from amongst you.” But the ignorant masses chose
their leaders to be those who were themselves backward in
knowledge; indeed it was an irony of their fate.

When the sole society went topsy-turvy, within three
decades, it was then that the people realized they had ignored
a person who was cent percent worthy of leading the society
to prosperity, and it was then that they insistently accorded
the rulership to Imaam Ali (a.s.) Even it was too late to revive
such a decayed society, but Imaam Ali (a.s) struggled to his
last breath to establish peace and justice.

When Muaviya, the accursed enemy of Islaam, saw that by
Imaam Ali‟s non-tiring efforts to make the people realize the
way to truth his position will be highly affected and he will
lose all his ill-gotten power, he started his conspiracies and
open activities contrary to Islaam. Of it was to pay heavily to
those unscrupulous persons for inventing false hadeeths and
ascribe them to the Holy Prophet. So by his command soon
started factories that manufactured false hadeeths misleading
the masses to wrong path. Masses were kept ignorant of the
facts. People like Abu Huraira and the like minted money in
Muaviya‟s scheme. They were those who did not care for the
Hereafter, their goal was this transient world and its
temporary riches only. But Muaviya made out his decayed
dreams come true, because people were transformed to be
quite ignorant, they even did not know the right history of the
Holy Prophet nor did they know the reverence of the Ahlul
Bayt (the holy progeny of the Prophet). Actually this trend
was started very early since previous regimes, but it was not
on a large scale, in those days relaying prophetic hadeeths
was strictly prohibited by the caliphs. That policy was
enforced so as to keep the masses ignorant of what the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. had said or commanded or ordered;
actually the exact target was to wipe out the importance of
Ahlul Bayt because the Hadeeth from the Holy Prophet said,
“I leave behind two heavy things, the Book of Allaah
AND my Ahlul Bayt, whoever shall adhere to these two

will never go astray.” But people took only Qur‟aan and
interpreted its meanings suiting to their own tastes and
neglected Ahlul Bayt. While the truth is that Ahlul Bayt are
the true interpreters of the meaning of Qur‟aan. The great
commentator and expert of the knowledge of the Holy
Qur‟aan, Ibn Abbas, had also admitted that his knowledge to
Qur‟aan in comparison to Ahlul Bayt was as a drop to an
ocean. So how could those who were bluffing to the ignorant
masses that “Qur‟aan is enough for us” to be right in their
claim? That phrase of „Qur‟aan to be sufficient‟ was nothing
but intentionally coined out to mislead the masses away from
the Holy Progeny of The Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.

Muaviya enforced on double-scale scheme, the prohibition of
narrating true Hadeeth of the Holy Prophet and to
manufacture false Hadeeth which were never uttered by the
Holy Prophet, the main theme was to curtail the attributes of
Ahlul Bayt, and mislead the masses so that power and
authority remains in the hands of despotic rulers. Another
object of preventing people to communicate the Hadeeth of
the Holy Prophet was that the misbehaviors and misdeeds of
the so-called prominent figures of Islaam may be veiled from
the public eyes. Some have ventured to such an extent as to
tarnish the blessed image of the Holy Prophet himself,
portraying him as an ordinary or a below-an-ordinary person,
sometimes showing him even sinning, and sometimes they
wrote that he also performed unlawful deeds. Those witty
Muslims wanted that their own sins should be silhouetted by
tarnishing the most excellent name of the Prophet of Islaam,
so that if someone taunted them for their misdeeds they could
instantly refer him to the distorted history of the Prophet. But
falsehood and blasphemy can‟t be admired and accepted by
all, there are some ignorant people with short-sight-nature
who accept things as they are presented, blindly, but

incidentally there is no shortage of such intelligent people
also that could think rightly and reach to the truth that the
plotters want to conceal.

Anyhow, when Imaam Ali (a.s) took the reigns of rulership in
his hands he tried upto his last breath to reform the society
and revert it from the deviated position. But he was not
allowed sufficient time, at some times or other he had
constantly to face the opposition from the people like Talha,
Zubair, Umar Aas, Muaviya, and the likes. After all, he very
well knew that Islaamic State was already been converted
into despotic kingdom of Kaisar and Kisra; he also knew that
neither he could condescend to the wishes of people nor all
the people would agree to his achieving the ends concerning
Islaamic ethics and morals; and he also knew that people
were involved in doubts and sensuality, they were neither
steadfast in battlefields nor reliable in difficult circumstances;
above all these dilemmas he did the best he could do. His
goal was not to rule over the people but that people should
understand what Islaam demands of them and that they
should possess the morals and virtues which the Holy
Prophet had wished them to possess.

Moreover, he was quite reluctant to accept their rulership, but
when he thought of the pitiful state of affairs of the people he
considered his duty to salvage the sinking ship at whatever
cost it was possible. That pitiful state was thus that the lives,
property and honour of people did not carry any value to the
despots, social equity and justice were destroyed, and
Muslims were falling prey to the wolves of Bani Umayya.

At that time there were of course other righteous people in
the society, but nobody dared come forward for the
tremendous task of the reformation of the society, they were

sure it was irreversible trend. But Imaam Ali (a.s) had the
courage for it and that is why he took up the task on himself.
At that moment it was only a brave and lion-hearted person
like Ali who could come forward and take up the challenge
for such am impossible undertaking.

When people gathered to give their oath of allegiance to
Imaam Ali (a.s) he said, “O people, I am one of you, I enjoy
the same rights as you, my responsibilities are same as yours,
nothing can invalidate truth, i.e. a ruler or a caliph can not
change the command of God.” He wrote to his governors
that, “Your holding this office does not mean that you
accumulate wealth and think that this is the time to take
revenge from any person. Your duty is to destroy falsehood
and revive truth.” And in yet another letter to his officer he
wrote, “Treat people with justice and equity. Those who
are Muslims are your brethren in faith, and those who
are non Muslims are human beings however.”

Caliphate or rulership does not mean that the ruler should sit
comfortably on his throne and strengthen his power and
utilize his position in enslaving the weak people, or spend
public treasury on his personal pleasures and bestow on his
kinsmen, relatives, tribesmen and associates.

Justice was the essence of Imaam Ali (a.s)‟s rule. He never
did an iota of injustice even to a tiny creature of Allaah
S.W.T. He was quite capable of administering such a huge
domain as Arabia (Arabia in those times included Iran, Iraq,
Palestine, Jordan, Syria, Saudi, etc). Neither did he spend any
penny on himself and his family nor did he give away any
sum to the people fearing that they shall desert him to join the
enemy‟s army. History is witness to the fact that Imaam Ali
(a.s) lived the same life of simplicity which he was used to

from the very beginning to the very end of his life, coming to
become the ruler did not change his lifestyle atall.

Soon after his appointment as the ruler and caliph two
influential and rich persons approached him and offered their
pledge of fealty in exchange of revenue of some provinces.
Imaam Ali (a.s) knew that they were rich and influential, and
they had many supporters in Koofa and Basra but he did not
care about it, he did not accept their offer in view of justice,
he could not misuse public money to give to those who
would be his followers-on-condition. He needed sincere
followers, not the worshippers of money. He always
considered public money as the property of Allaah S.W.T.
and as such it must be utilized only for the interest of His
creation according to the laws of Shariah.

In the previous regimes many people from the caliphs‟
kinsmen and associates were bestowed millions of dinars and
vast lands. Imaam Ali (a.s) in one of his speeches declared
clearly that, “Whoever was assigned a jagir by Uthman
bin Affan (the previous ruler) out of Allaah‟s property
should return it back to the public treasury because
nothing can annul an old right. If and when I come to
know of any property acquired unjustly my utmost effort
will be to restore that to its original position. Justice
covers a wide range; if someone finds justice to be hard
on him then injustice is much harder.” Imaam Ali (a.s) had
firm determination to demolish the structure erected on the
foundation of usurpation and oppression, and he acted upon
his resolution without hesitation.

It is but a logical fact that if someone possesses a usurped
property for a lengthy period of time it does not validate its
unlawfulness, it still remains an illegal thing. Likewise if

falsehood persists for a long time it can not be transformed
into truth. Right and wrong are always right and wrong
respectively. So Imaam Ali (a.s) came to the seat of rulership
to amend all the wrong done in the past by wiping out all
wrongs and make right to prevail everywhere on the basis of
justice. His initial undertakings give ample proof for that.
Vast lands which were illegally given to the relatives of the
previous regimes and the benefits drawn from them were
considered illegal by the Imaam. He knew that the landlords
took forced labour from the common people, accumulated the
produce, and acquire more from that, thus making them
richer and poor being made poorer. Poor people were being
subjected to every kind of injustice and oppression by the

This policy introduced by the previous rulers was so
dangerous to the society that it could totally abolish the
concept of justice and humanity. This was very well known
by Imaam Ali (a.s) and therefore he tried his best to set the
things in correct order, but alas, he was not permitted to
accomplish his mission to the peak of perfection because
Muaviya and the likes saw their personal interests being
wiped out by Imaam Ali‟s policy, so Imaam Ali (a.s) was
made to depart from this world before he could achieve his
ambition of spreading pure justice everywhere.

Moreover, sticking to          the way of Uthman‟s
misadministration, the rulers from Bani Umayya and Bani
Abbas also followed the same track. They monopolized
lands, the public treasury, and all the produce from lands.
They used the pretext to misguide the masses that all the land
is God‟s property and they (the notorious so-called caliphs)
are representatives of God, so they may give to anybody of

their choice, people had no right to criticize in any matter that
they were doing.

Since the times of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. till Abu Bakr
and Umar‟s rule everything belonged to Muslims and every
Muslim had a portion in government‟s treasury accordingly,
even though at some extent. But when Uthman‟s time came
to the rulership he brought a metamorphic change. He said
everything was God‟s property and himself was the master of
all Muslims. So he spent according to his own desires and
gave to whomsoever he liked, he considered his personal
right on public funds. History is replete with atrocities and
misdeeds of the rulers who were actually following the ways
accredited by Uthman.


            HUMAN             FREEDOM

Imaam Ali (a.s) considered freedom of people as a basic
principle for all matters concerning rulership and
administration of a state. All his actions were solid proofs of
his super ideals. Members of a society are interrelated and if
freedom is faithfully practiced within it then the society must
proceed on the path of blessedness and prosperity. Freedom
is the result of mutual relations, sentiments and the
inclinations of the people of a society. It was the policy of
Imaam Ali (a.s) to reform the connections and ties so that
every member of the society may lead a life of a free man.
He provided various means to the people to utilize the
freedom in its right sense in the best possible manner. In
order to hold their freedom Imaam Ali (a.s) educated the
masses that not to be subservient to the orders and commands
of the upper arrogant classes, and should neither betray
society nor be cruel to themselves. Through out his blessed
life he explained to the people that they must discharge their
duty to establish right and destroy falsehood.

Freedom was not meant as its opposite factor, not at all was it
ever meant to be slavery. Imaam Ali (a.s) had a deep insight
on it. He precisely meant that man has been born free, as
such he himself should adopt a path of action and not
someone else should take pity on him to set him free. The
type of freedom desired by Imaam was that on which are
based human relations, a freedom by which human beings
can walk peacefully side by side with one another
proceeding on the path of prosperity. This is the real freedom
and on this very freedom are based sincere human rights.
Freedom is never meant to be a general license to act in

whatsoever manner one desired. A sense of responsibility,
accompanied by Faith, and a soft corner for public interest
makes a perfect human freedom.

History is dumb to point out even a single instance where
Imaam Ali (a.s) had ever violated the laws of freedom during
his administration, nay, during his entire life time. Never did
he compel anyone to do any work against his will, neither did
he ever allow forced labour nor did he force any of his
subjects to give his oath of allegiance to him (although once
he had been taken forcefully by Umar Khattab for the
purpose of pledging oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr).

Those who purposely declined to take oath of allegiance to
Imaam Ali (a.s) were certainly the wrong-doers and losers
but he left them to themselves, because he knew that their
non-compliance would neither do any harm to him nor would
the public interest suffer on that account. As a principle of
freedom, they were left untouched so long as they did not
commit any crime against public interests.

There are many instances to prove that Imaam Ali (a.s)‟s era
was a full fledged era of human freedom. Beside those world-
loving people many worldly people from his army deserted
him to join Muaviya -the deadly enemy of Islaam, in
anticipation of getting a few glittering coins from him. Those
with high ambitions to gain this world instead of the
Hereafter were selling their faith to Muaviya, who had kept
the mouth of public treasury wide open to purchase those
types of people. Imaam Ali (a.s) did not stop them, he was of
the view that everyone was free to choose any course which
he liked according to his thinking. It was his own fate. If a
person chose the right course it was well and good but if
anyone decided otherwise then the path of Damascus was

open and Muaviya was eagerly waiting for such fellows with
the might of ill-gotten treasure of public money.

The short-sighted and thoughtless people deserting him did
not pain him atall. That is why when his Governor in Madina
informed him that some of his people have run away to
Muaviya, Imaam Ali (a.s) replied that he already knew some
people belonging to his area were absconding to join
Muaviya, but he said not to worry about those who left
because in spite of their knowledge they ran away from truth
and guidance towards ignorance and perversion, they were
worldly people, and he consoled his governor that God will
make easy every difficulty which may come in their way.

The Kharejites, who were staunch enemies of Imaam Ali
(a.s) were treated humanely by him, he also treated them as
well as other Muslims. They were allowed to go freely
wherever they liked in spite of previously waging a war
against him. This clearly manifested a concept of true

His basic point of perfect freedom was that all human beings
are free and may love or hate whomsoever they deemed it fit,
but non was permitted to harm the people or to create
mischief on the face of earth, when the culprit was caught
and the crime was proved, it was only then that he was not to
be spared and was punished accordingly.

Imaam Ali (a.s) never punished anyone on mere suspicion or
before the crime was committed. Once a Kharejite came to
Imaam Ali (a.s) and said bluntly that he shall not obey him
and shall not pray his Namaaz following him. The Imaam did
not catch him to punish; he was left as free as he was when
he came. After some time the kharejite collected a number of

people and revolted against Imaam Ali (a.s). The Imaam was
of course in a position to stop people joining the Kharejite
but he did not do so. It was only when those people took
undue advantage of their freedom and began committing
robberies and murders that Imaam Ali (a.s) sent his army to
suppress them.


           IMAAM ALI (A.S)‟S ORDERS
In Imaam Ali‟s view the laws of a society should be such as
to meet the needs of people and should ensure diminution of
poverty and ignorance so that man may not be humiliated in
his own eyes. This is the main duty of a true ruler to enact
such laws and the masses have the right to ask for it. Imaam
Ali observed minutely what his officials and governors did
concerning the public, if anyone was found misbehaving,
squandering or oppressing he was immediately reprimanded
severely and even imprisoned if it was so needed. Ali (a.s)
safeguarded the rights of people so meticulously that you can
not find any of his sermons, speech or testament in which he
did not draw attention to his governors and officers towards
fulfilling the rights of people.

Commander of the faithful Imaam Ali (a.s) sent successive
orders to his governors warning them severely against
misappropriation of public property and taking bribes. Once
he was informed that one of his military officers had
administered a bribe. Imaam Ali held his hand and gave such
a violent jerk that it was about to be dismembered, then he
said to him, “The people earlier then you were annihilated
because they deprived people of their rights and therefore
they were obliged to acquire their rights by offering bribes,
they compelled people to do invalid things resulting in
falsehood.” And then one can comprehend the judgment
passed for that corrupt officer.

Imaam Ali (a.s) came to know that one of his governors in a
particular town was invited to a feast and he had participated
in that party. The Imaam reprimanded him severely saying,

“Entertaining a governor is a bribe. Why was that bribe
given? If it was given by the person to establish his right
upon certain matter then the concerned person was
entitled to his right without bribing. And if the bribe was
given to validate something illegal then it is not lawful for
a governor to do such thing even if the whole world may
be offered to him as a bribe.” Secondly he said that why
only the governor and the rich people participated in that
feast while the indigent were not called? This pained many
people and also grieves Ali (a.s). He said that of course if the
whole society was of a well to do position then it was no
harm going to such parties, but we have poor people also.

His governors and all officials were so much paid for their
services that they may not be needful or miserable at any
time. So it pained Imaam Ali when any of his officials made
blunders or mistakes in justice. So much severity to his
officials was quite appropriate because they were provided
with every proper facility and quite enough remuneration was
being paid to them that makes for a person absolutely
needless to demand bribe or to misappropriate public funds.


              HELP TO THE NEEDY
Imaam Ali (a.s)‟s views concerning the helpless needy and
poor people was that the state should do justice to them by
taking proper care of them. His views were that it was the
nation‟s responsibility to support the needy, small children,
old persons, disabled, and widows. They have their exclusive
right to be provided of their needs by the nation, and this was
not to be considered an act of kindness rather it was the duty.
Out of all members of society these were the more deserving
people. Imaam Ali (a.s) emphasized to his officials to take
proper care for old people and orphans because they could
neither earn their livelihood nor go begging. And this was not
a special law for Muslims only but even non-Muslims were
being considered equally.

Once the Commander of the Faithful Imaam Ali (A.S) saw an
old person begging on the streets, he enquired about him and
was told that in his youth that old man used to work as a
laborer or a porter, but now he was unable to work. The
Imaam instantly ordered that he should be regularly paid for
his daily needs and expenses from the public funds. At that
some one objected that he was a non-Muslim, he was a
Christian. The Imaam said, “Whoever is he and whatever
faith he has, but he performed your work while he was
able to do so, now when he is unable to do any job it is
our duty to look after him.”

In the darkness of the nights Imaam Ali (a.s) used to carry
food packets on his back and put them on the door steps of
the poor people. Nobody knew who was that person who was
supplying them with the provisions, that secret was then

revealed when the Imaam was martyred and he was no more
amongst them.

On the day when Imaam Hasan and Imaam Hussain (a.s)
were returning from the burial of their distinguished father
they heard a crying voice in nearby bush. They approached
the place and saw a blind, old and disabled man lying on the
ground weeping bitterly. On asking that old man he said one
gentleman used to come daily to him bringing food for him
and feeding him with his own hands, but since last three days
he did not come there. He was informed that it was the
Commander of the Faithful Imaam Ali and he was no more in
this world. Upon hearing this sad news the old blind man felt
so much grief that he requested to be taken to the grave.
Reaching the grave of Imaam Ali the old man was overcome
with such sorrow that he could not hold it and he breathed his
last over there. Such cases were uncountable whose unseen
supporter was Imaam Ali (a.s)

Imaam Ali (a.s) was loved by everyone except by the
enemies of Allaah S.W.T. Actually the Holy Prophet had
earlier said to his companions that „Nobody shall love Ali
except the righteous ones, and nobody shall hate him
except the unbeliever and wicked ones‟

His enemies were in reality the enemies of Allaah S.W.T.
because when one observes the life history of Imaam Ali (a.s)
it will be seen clearly that all his deeds were for Allaah
S.W.T. only, he never wished to mend his worldly life,
neither did he build a good house for himself and his children
nor did he even eat a delicious food. Rather on many
instances there passed days without any food in his house for
his family. Whatever he earned he mostly gave first
preference to the poor and needy. This was not for the period

before attaining to rulership but even during his rulership his
stance did not change. His enemies were the worshippers of
this transient world; they were after the riches and power to
rule over other creation of Allaah S.W.T. Their main goal
was the constant search of worldly objectives, while Imaam
Ali (a.s) was of the opposite principles. His morale was high
and at the peak of perfection. These two extremes were far
apart from each other, there was no probability of comparison
between them. But those who loved justice and were aware
of God‟s Justice as well possessed a light corner in their
hearts for the true religion were of course the followers of
Imaam Ali (a.s), they were ever ready even to sacrifice their
dear life for a word from the Imaam.

Imaam Ali (a.s) had gone far ahead of thousands of modern
western thinkers and philosophers in the matter of justice to
the helpless and needy. He was so mindful for the poor that
he strictly prohibited hoarding, forced labor and every type of
oppression, because these were the main factors affecting the
indigent and poor people. He always discouraged the rich to
accumulate wealth, because it benefited none. The wealth
which comes to benefit all is the only appropriate wealth. In
one of his testaments Imaam Ali (a.s) said, “If an indigent
person remains hungry it is because a rich man has with-
held the poor‟s share.”

Here is a conversation that took place between a Muslim and
a non-Muslim European in which he has bluntly ridiculed the
The Muslim: “Centuries ago we the Arabs, have realized
disadvantages of class-discrimination while you are realizing
at the present times. Fourteen centuries ago we had been told
by Ali Ibn Abi Talib (a.s) that there is no excessive wealth

with anyone except that simultaneously there is the right of
someone been infringed in it.”
The European: “But we are better off then you people
because even though you were aware of the reality you did
not do anything to improve the situation, while we, the
Europeans, have already endeavored ways to get rid of
poverty. Therefore you are fourteen centuries behind of us. If
we had heard that sermon of Ali at that time we would have
certainly taken immediate necessary steps towards the
matter.” This is the reality the Muslims are facing because of
the so-called rulers and champions of human rights who are
mostly Muslims in name only.

When Imaam Ali (a.s) undertook the administration of the
state the then prevailing condition had long been deteriorated.
There were countless poor people who starved to death at the
expense of the rich upper class people. He was extremely
pained at that most awful state of the people. It was because
of his sincere feelings towards the less-fortunate that he never
ate good and tasty food, never wore fine cloths, and never
stayed in a superior house. It was to make the poor feel
somehow consoled that they were not alone in that situation
but their Leader also is a part and parcel of them who lives in
the same lifestyle as them.

Many people saw Imaam Ali (a.s) in the winter shivering in
cold but he had put on only one old simple cloth on his body.
His daily bread was of the cheapest corn that was barley,
being affordable even to the poorest. He never took anything
of his share from the public treasury. His entire life passed in
contentment, without an iota of desire for this world. His aim
and object was to put mankind on the right track for their
own benefit in both worlds.

Imaam Ali (a.s) provided to the world the best rules and
regulations so as to eliminate poverty, establish equality of
rights, prevention of hoarding, discouraging accumulation of
wealth without utilizing for public interest, development of
land by paying rightful shares to the farmers, non-compulsion
for those who do not work willingly, while authorizing to be
a proprietor the one who works physically or helps
financially, awarding the rightful person for his achievement,
and preventing appointment of one person on things
whereupon all have equal right.

But his opponents, who were actually the enemies of the
human freedom, could not digest Imaam Ali‟s administration
and the way he was enlightening the masses regarding their
true freedom. Muaviya, Umar Aas and the likes were the
people who were after the world and enslaving people for
their own personal interests. They could not tolerate the
upright way of living because of their greed. And that factor
caused the halt to Imaam Ali‟s life thus bidding everlasting
farewell to all to face their irony of fate at their own expense.

Imaam Ali (a.s) led a perfectly successful life. He was born
in the Masjid and left the world from the Masjid. Except for
the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. there was no any equal to Imaam
Ali (a.s) nor shall there be born anyone till the last day.


One of the positive steps taken by Imaam Ali (a.s) to
eliminate poverty was the perfect and proper use of land,
because human life and his welfare mostly depend on the
development of land. He was of the view that government
officials should initially take much greater interest in
developing land then in any other project. A ruler must be
serious in the planning of development of lands. Land is
neither developed automatically nor by only the power of a
ruler. It does not mean that magnificent palaces should be
constructed on various places. Land is developed by the
efforts of laborers and residents of villages.

During the ages of ignorance poor people were thus cheated
that land belongs to the gods (idols) and those gods have
given the land to the ruler, so the peasants must cultivate the
land but it did not belong to them, it belonged to the sweet
will of the ruler to give the land to whomsoever he liked. And
the poor peasants began to entertain this wrong concept that
the land belonged to god, he gave it to the landlord, for whom
they were tirelessly ploughing and cultivating it, and the
landlord was the real master.

Imaam Ali (a.s) very well knew in and out of that notorious
policy enacted by the criminal rulers. He made the people
realize that God does not need land or wealth, basically

everything in the universe belongs to Allaah S.W.T. He has
created lands, rivers, oceans, trees frits, animals and
everything which is in the universe for His creation to take
benefit from them. So long as one works on a piece of land
then that land belongs to him. If the peasants are indigent
the land will become waste and no revenue will be realized
from it. Land can only be developed by the owners of it. So
when the peasants know that they will not be entitled to enjoy
the fruits of their efforts and the extravagant rulers will
pocket the revenues, then virtually they will work on the land
but half-heartedly. And that will be maltreatment and
devastation of land.


In the matter of economic rights and amenities of life Imaam
Ali (a.s) said that there was no discrimination between the
white-colored and the black colored or between the Arab and
non-Arab or a believer Muslim and a non-Muslim. He was
considerate to the entire mankind. He regarded all human
beings alike and all had the right to live and share amenities
of life without differentiating by creed, color or race.

It is quite clear that although Imaam Ali (a.s) was the rightful
successor of the Prophet of Islaam S.A.W.W., the
Commander of the faithful, the most powerful and intelligent
divine personality, and the sole ruler of Arabia, but he never
compelled his non-Muslim subjects to embrace Islaam,
People were free to worship the god of their own creed and
hold the belief of their own choice, as far as they did not
harm others. Imaam Ali (a.s) always tried his best to make
the people realize the values of Islaamic faith and proved
beyond doubt that Islaam is the only religion which was the
true religion beyond doubt, but above that, he allowed
freedom of faith, because he knew that all the people are not
intellectually of the same level, thinking and views always
differ, he therefore did not pressure anyone to become a
Muslim, he very well knew that when time comes for a
person to realize the truth he shall willingly enter in the folds
of Islaam. This was exactly according to the Holy Qur‟an

whereby it clearly mentions, “There is no compulsion in

Imaam Ali (a.s) also gave instructions to his governor that,
“Do not behave as a ferocious animal for them
(Christians), because there are two types of people among
the subjects, one are your brothers in Faith, and the others
are creatures of God like you. In the circumstances
everyone possesses the same rights as you do, even though
some or all his beliefs may be opposed to yours. Object of
religion is to establish brotherly relations with one another.
Others are as much human beings as you are, and this
similarity of creation is a strong tie between each other.
Therefore always behave kindly to all; the object of creation
of man is that he should acquire virtue and excellence and
good attributes.”

History of Arabia has noted down with golden letters this
sentence of Imaam Ali (a.s); he said, “If a carpet is spread
for me to sit and execute justice in various matters
according to various faiths, I shall decide the case of Jews
according to their book, the Torah, of Christians according
to Evangels, and of Muslims according to The Qur‟an. And
my justice shall be in such a way that all these books will
testify that „Ali has spoken the truth‟. One of his sentences
concluded in the pact with the Christians of Najraan was,
“They will not be subjected to injustice or oppression, nor
will any of their rights be reduced.” This is just a glimpse of
justice, truth, fairness, objectivity, and impartiality of
Ameerul Mu‟mineen Imaam Ali (a.s).

According to Imaam Ali (a.s) every individual is entitled to
due respect. It was for his high morale principles that
although the ignorant and shallow-sighted followers of all

past religions were extremely fanatical and hated all other
religions then their‟s, but, Imaam Ali (a.s) was honored,
praised and loved by the knowledgeable Christians during his
own times as well as afterwards. Allama Ibn Abil Hadeed
writes, “What should I say about that man (Ali) whom the
Dhimmis (non-Muslims) loved ardently although they did not
acknowledge the Prophet‟hood of Muhammad S.A.W.W.

As mentioned earlier a non-Muslim had stolen the steel
armor of Imaam Ali (A.S). Complaint was lodged against the
culprit and Imaam Ali had to appear in the court of law, in
spite of him being head of the state he did not use any
pressure in that matter and the case was won by the culprit.
That incident clearly shows that even though the thief was
not a Muslim but law was the same for a Muslim as well as a


             HIS VIEWS ABOUT WAR
War is the cause of death and destruction. Where there are
mutual ties of love and friendship between individuals and
nations there is peace and progress in all walks of life.
Common sense also demands the same because all human
beings are descendants of one father and their origin is
equally same. Mankind is entitled to freedom and affluence
but in the presence of warfare and bloodshed all is destroyed.

Imaam Ali (a.s)‟s views point out to the fact that all ideals
regarding man and his life are useless if brotherhood is not
promoted. It is ridiculous when streets are covered in blood,
farms are destroyed and palaces fall into ruins and at the
same time there are also hypocritical slogans of unity,
brotherhood, and justice being trumpeted loudly. It is only
during the time of peace and tranquility that human beings
can utilize their talents to achieve common desire by joint
efforts of all citizens. War is a total hindrance to progress.

Imaam Ali (a.s) considered looting and plundering which
were the preliminaries of war between the tribes during the
age of ignorance, to be the most detested and horrible crimes.
Although he was the most powerful warrior that history could
ever find his mach, but he detested fighting and bloodshed
the most and forbade it even during the most difficult
circumstances. All the wars which were fought by him were
basically never initiated by him; he kept warding off and
postponing and trying to solve the problem peacefully up to
the last moment. It was only when the enemies started
fighting and killing then as a last resort Imaam Ali (a.s)
permitted his soldiers to fight back, otherwise he was always
wishing to keep the wars far away from everyone. He knew
that fighting was as much injurious for truth as it is the source

of refuge for falsehood, and war is the cradle of all
absurdities because doubt prevails in wars and falsehood
flourishes in it, and the voice of truth is subdued, whereas
peace is truth itself. Fighting is praiseworthy only in one way,
and that is fighting against the worldly desires by means of
reason. Imaam Ali (a.s) always considered it a best quality
for his followers to desire peace, hate wars and seek safety
for themselves and for all others. He said, “My followers
never commit injustice when they are angry, they are a
blessings for their neighbors and a source of security for
their companions.

Although all which is said here is right in its place but it
never means that one should surrender to his opponent and
cowardly become the prisoner in brutal people‟s custody.
There ought to be a sense of reasoning in every step of a
human being. When one surrenders to the mischief mongers
leaving them to do what they like then this amounts to much
more then bloodshed and oppression. Imaam Ali (a.s) did not
like that people should become like Changezkhan, Halaku,
Hitler or Mussolini. Whereas he also did not ever like people
to become enslaved by tyrants and oppressors. There is
nothing wrong for a war fought for acquiring the rights of the
oppressed from the oppressors or to protect the honour of
people, but even though for such noble cause it may be
reconciliation and resorting to all necessary efforts for peace
must preside prior to any disastrous steps.

Imaam Ali (a.s)‟s disliking warfare does never mean that he
was afraid of fighting, wars or combats. Nevertheless he was
the splendid person by whose mighty hands numerous wars
were won by Muslims. History is witness to the fact that if
there was no Ali in Khaybar, Khandaq, Hunayn, etc. the war
was never ever to be conquered by Muslims. Whether there

was a single combat or otherwise, Ali never backed away
from fighting, once he took hold of the sword there was no
one spared who confronted him. Ofcourse uncountable
unbelievers were slain by Ali‟s sword starting from the very
beginning of the mission of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. upto
his last moments, and this was one of the main reasons for
the peoples‟ enmity toward Imaam Ali (a.s). Those slain
enemies of Islaam and unbelievers were related to the then
Muslims, some had their fathers, some had their uncles, and
grand fathers slain by the sword of Imaam Ali (a.s). Anyhow
Imaam Ali (a.s) was not at all guilty because the wars were
started by the opponents of Islaam; they were the aggressors
and attackers while Muslim army was always on the
defensive. Anyhow, a sensible person logically understands
that the slain person was an infidel even he might have been
his relative, the enemy of Allaah and the enemy of His
Prophet always remains the enemy of the believer, while a
believer of Allaah and His Prophet is always a friend to the
believer. Therefore whoever did not think logically
considered Imaam Ali (a.s) as their enemy while the case was
quite opposite; he was the friend of Allaah because he fought
the enemies of Allaah S.W.T.

Even when Muaviya, the staunch enemy of Islaam declared a
war against Imaam Ali (a.s) on wrong pretext, Imaam Ali did
not take an initiative step in fighting. Muaviya had been
made the governor of Syria by Umar bin Khattaab. As he was
not atall a Muslim at heart, he had converted unwillingly
seeing that Islaam was then a towering force, he converted to
it. He was posted as a government official in Syria but he
grabbed the chance to acquire illegal wealth and started his
own kingship over there. When Imaam Ali (a.s) was made
the ruler Muaviya did not pledge the oath of allegiance and
moreover he considered himself to be the caliph and ruler. He

had already strengthened his army by giving them large
amounts from the public treasury. He had established his
position by corruption, bribe and force.

Muaviya‟s marched with his army to fight Imaam Ali (a.s).
His malicious intention was to take over the rulership from
Imaam Ali and to become himself a sole ruler of Arabia. So
when this news reached Imaam Ali (a.s) he marched towards
them in self defense. Both the armies met at a place called
Siffeen. Imaam Ali did not initiate fighting, he maintained
calmness, and he wanted the enemy to come to his senses so
as to avoid bloodshed of Muslims. All his efforts went vain.
Imaam Ali was delaying the fight by not initiating it so his
soldiers became impatient; they wanted to teach a lesson to
the debauchee Muaviya and his aggressive army. The
soldiers wanted permission to be granted by Imaam Ali (a.s)
for starting Jihad (holy war). Imaam Ali (a.s) said to them, “I
swear by God that this delay in fighting is not because I
abhor death, I have not at all the fear of death. I do not care
whether I proceed towards death or death proceeds towards
me. The delay is because some persons from among the
enemies‟ side might possibly come and meet me and be
guided to the right path through me. I like this more then to
kill them while they are in a state of ignorance.”

Imaam Ali (a.s) was not a person to obey the oppressor or to
fear him. When he reached Siffeen he saw the army of
Muaviya had taken hold of the river banks and they denied
access over there to the army of Imaam Ali (a.s).
Immediately, without any fear some soldiers bravely took
over the banks of river and drove away the army of Muaviya.
But it was the magnanimity of Imaam Ali that even having
the control of the river he did not deny water to his enemies.
Quite opposite factors are manifested here in the two parties.

One can easily judge who was on the right and who was on
the falsehood.

Gaining victory should not be the only object of war.
Thereafter, when victory is however achieved the victor
should not be vindictive, enemies should not be tortured, no
one should be maltreated, captives who have suffered the
effects of war should be dealt with fairly and kindly, those
who run away should not be pursued, and the old men,
women and children should not be hurt. These were the
apparent laws of the battlefield given by Imaam Ali (a.s).

Imaam Ali (a.s)‟s basic principle in all the wars he had fought
was that bloodshed should not be resorted to unless it was
absolutely necessary and when there was no other alternative
other then that. He always tried for the enemy to submit to
reason. When advice and efforts for peace and reconciliation
failed he first resorted to threat that perhaps the enemy might
set back thus preventing bloodshed. During his entire life
Imaam Ali (a.s) always tried to prevent wars and replace it
with peace and reconciliation.

On the event of the battle of Jamal (camel) in which Talha,
Zubayr and Bibi Ayesha went to fight against Imaam Ali
(a.s) he did not start the fight until the enemies had shot
arrows towards his soldiers and three of his companions were
pierced to death. The Imaam went to the camps of the enemy
several times to reconcile the situation, and it was in such a
state that he did not carry a single weapon with him, neither
had he put on a coat of armory on him for protection, while
the enemies were at that time fully armed with weapons of
war. Such a stance sufficiently proves that he wished peace
and not warfare.

Even though he was such a mighty knight that no any
powerful warrior could withstand his attacks, but in reply to
the harsh and rough tones of enemies Imaam Ali (a.s) spoke
with extreme kindness and tendered them advice in a friendly
manner so as to bring them on the right path and avoid
bloodshed. While reconciling he was bare handed while the
enemies were fully armed from top to bottom.

Imaam Ali‟s armory was respect for the mankind, his
shield was the faith on being on the right and his sword
was his compliance with the commandment of reason and

Imaam Ali (a.s) eliminated war by all possible means but
when his efforts for that had proved futile and the stubborn
enemy was bent on waging war even then Imaam Ali A.S.
never initiated fighting. Battle was started by the enemy and
Imaam Ali replied duly to their attacks. But it is to be
remembered that when Imaam Ali (a.s) took the sword in his
hands and stepped forward then the enemies realized who Ali
son of Abu Talib was, slain heads would take to the air in the
dusty atmosphere of the battle field and the bravest warriors
would flee away awestricken. His bravery was unmatchable.

Imaam Ali (a.s) desired equity and justice, his enemies
craved for injustice and oppression. Imaam Ali (a.s) wanted
mankind to prosper while his enemies created mischief in
land. Imaam Ali (a.s) wanted people to enjoy freedom and
comfort whereas his enemies longed to enslave people and
rule brutally over them.

Such a great and magnanimous person who was sincere at
heart to the poor, oppressed and to one and all was seen as a
hindrance to the world-loving persons, and so he was

assassinated by the cruel hands of the most wretched Ibn
Muljim (L.A). It was destined that his end should be in the
Masjid as was his holy birth in the Masjid. On the nineteenth
of the Holy month of Ramadhaan, in the early hours of its
morning, Ibn Muljim the wretched (may abundant curses fall
on him) struck his poisoned sword on the blessed head of
Ameerul Mu‟mineen Imaam Ali A.S. After two days he left
this world for the eternal abode on 21 st of Holy
Ramadhaan, 40 A.H.


Abdullah bin Mas‟ood was an aged distinguished companion
of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. He was the sixth person in the
early group who had accepted Islaam. The Prophet loved him
and respected him for his honesty, loyalty, truthfulness and
piety. He became one of the greatest scholars of his times. It
was because of his profound knowledge that the second
caliph sent him to the city of Koofa to guide and preach to
the people of that area, although he was himself in need of
him in Madeena. Abdullah bin Mas‟ood produced many
scholars through his intelligent teaching. He was respected
and honored by people of all Islaamic cities more then other
companions were honored.

He was a justice-loving person and so he openly disapproved
of oppressive policies of Bani Umayya. He fearlessly
criticized them. He protested against the unjustified actions
of the third caliph Uthman, which were for the sole benefit of
Bani Umayya and for the wealthy and influential people only.
They were being lavishly favoured from the public funds
while the common people were being totally ignored.

Walid bin Uqba was made governor of Koofa by Uthman
because he was his relative. Walid was a great drunkard and a
licentious fellow. In spite of the displeasure of the people of
Koofa he was placed to be their ruler over there. Walid wrote
to Uthman complaining that Abdullah bin Mas‟ood was
openly criticizing him for his policies. Uthman ordered
Abdullah to be sent to him. When Abdullah reached Madeena
Uthman gathered the people in the Masjid and pointing to
Abdullah bin Mas‟ood he said, “Just look at this mean animal
coming to you who tramples on his food, vomits and

excretes.” Bibi Ayesha R.A. heard this and she protested
saying how dare Uthman speak in such an insulting language
to a respected companion of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.
Others also disliked these manners of Uthman and expressed
their resentment. As per Uthman‟s order his henchmen turned
away Abdullah Bin Mas‟ood from the Masjid in a very rude
and rough manner; they dragged him out of Masjid, beat him
until they broke his bones and then threw him out of the gate.
He was carried by other people to his house as a dead body.
Uthman as if yet not satisfied by all these atrocities he
stopped his stipend which he was getting from the
government and deprived him of all sources of livelihood. He
then sternly ordered people not to visit him or enquire about
his health till Abdullah bin Mas‟ood passed away and was
buried secretly by Ammaar Yaasir.

Ammaar Yaasir became another target of Uthman. He was
one of the greatest personalities of Islaam who was well
known for his virtues, high morals and piety. The Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. had fully acknowledged his worth and
value for the merits he possessed. This was a glowing tribute
from the Prophet to Ammaar, “When dissention takes place
between the people, Ammaar will be on the side of the right.”
And Ammaar always sided with Imaam Ali (a.s) because he
knew that Imaam Ali was on the right.

The actions of Uthman which were disliked by Ammaar
Yaasir were that he made public wealth a plaything in the
hands of affluent people. Ammaar used to meet Uthman often
and advised him to administer justice, avoid nepotism and
refrain from making Bani Umayya the overlords of people.
So every time Uthman got annoyed with Ammaar as he used
to be with other virtuous persons.

It is narrated that there was a casket in public treasury with
gold ornaments in it. Uthman gave it to his wife. People
objected to that but Uthman got furious. He said in public
gathering, “I shall take whatever I wish from war booty, I
damn care if someone dislikes this.” Ammaar had also
protested to that misappropriation to which Uthman ordered
for his arrest. Marwan who was the right hand of Uthman and
a complete debauchee, instigated Uthman to kill Ammaar.
Uthman got ready on Marwan‟s words and picked a stick and
started beating Ammaar furiously. His slaves and other
Umayyad members also joined him. Uthman started kicking
Ammaar in the stomach and finally he was thrown on the
road almost dead.

Abu Dhar Ghaffaari was also amongst the distinguished
companions of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. He was
renowned of his philanthropy and love for justice. He was a
staunch supporter and a devoted follower of Imaam Ali (a.s).

When he had heard of the advent of the Holy Prophet and the
religion of Islaam he left his home and came to Makka in
search of the Prophet. When he finally met the Holy Prophet
he instantly accepted Islaam. He did not fear the unbelievers
of Makka. He used to stand near Qa‟aba and invite people to
accept Islaam. He did not care a bit for the large number of
Quraish who were hardcore enemies of the Holy Prophet. He
openly ridiculed their hand-made idols. He endured assaults
and harsh beating but he did not abandon his mission to
spread the truth of Islaam. He was the most favorite and dear
companion of the Holy Prophet because of his foresight,
prudence, wisdom, zeal for reform, and affection for the poor
and indigent. All the companions of the Holy Prophet
respected and revered him because he had acquired vast

When Uthman attained to the seat of caliphate Abu Dharr
was very astonished because he knew that there was a most
capable person for the post, and it was non but Imaam Ali
(a.s), but he did not say anything openly about it because
Imaam Ali did not want any trouble, and it was in the interest
of Islaam. Abu Dhar saw misappropriation in Uthman‟s rule
that Bani Umayya were living in luxury while the common
people were in the state of hand-to-mouth, so he could not
resist speaking about the disorders. Wealth was being
showered on the ruler‟s relatives while common people were
being deprived of their rights. So Abu Dharr openly criticized
that policy of nepotism of Uthman. He encouraged people to
rise up for their rights. But the masses were made subservient
by the oppressors so they feared to utter even a word against
the ruler.

Abu Dharr was so much disgusted with the egotism and
profiteering of Bani Umayya that he left Hijaz and migrated
to Syria so that he may not see the extravagances and
misappropriations of Uthman and Marwan. But when he
reached Syria he found the activities of Muaviya more worst
then those of Uthman and Marwan. He saw Muaviya had
become the proprietor and master of the public treasury, he
even considered himself the master of peoples‟ lives and
property. He squandered people‟s properties and killed
whomsoever he wanted to kill. All this made Abu Dharr
more furious. He continued his preaching and enlightening
the people concerning the rights which were being snatched
by Muaviya. Muaviya threatened him to kill but Abu Dharr
did not care for it, he continued his mission. His speeches
were so much effective that the rich people who had gathered
unlawful wealth were afraid that the time will come when
anytime the poor will attack them demanding their rights.

Therefore the ruling party decided to turn Abu Dharr away
from Syria so that their malpractices should not come to light
to the indigent people. Muaviya did not dare to kill Abu
Dharr because he feared the displeasure of public. He wrote
to Uthman and in reply he was instructed to send back Abu
Dharr to Madeena on a vicious animal along with a cruel
person so as to give him as much trouble and inconvenience
as possible. So Muaviya sent Abu Dharr on a vicious camel
with a saddle. When he reached Madeena pieces of flesh
were already cut from his thighs as a result of long and
troublesome journey; a cruel and savage soldier
accompanying him did not care for the hot weather nor
fatigue. When Abu Dharr reached to Uthman his back was
broken and he had become lean.

Immediately on seeing Abu Dharr Uthman exploded by
abusing him and blaming him for what he was doing, that is,
enlightening the masses. Abu Dharr told Uthman that he
should follow in the footsteps of the past caliphs in spending
public money and in affairs of ruling the state, and advised
him that if he did so nobody will have any complaint against
him. The contention between them became loud and Uthman
became furious, he cried out, “O people tell me how I should
deal with this aged liar. Should I beat him, kill him, or banish
him to a far away land?‟ At that time Imaam Ali (a.s) was
there, he was very much grieved to see a respected aged
companion of the Prophet being treated in such an insulting
and harsh manner. He said, “I have heard the Holy Prophet
saying that there is non more truthful then Abu Dharr
between the earth and the sky.”

Uthman continued to harass Abu Dharr and ordered people
not to associate with him. But somehow then, Uthman
thought of reconciling with him, so he sent two hundred gold

coins to him by his servant. Abu Dharr when saw the money
he asked whether every Muslim had also received the same
as him, the reply was in negative. So Abu Dharr returned that
money to Uthman saying, “ I am a member of Muslim
society therefore I am entitled to get as much as every
Muslim gets so if nobody received this how come only I get
this money.” And on that day Abu Dharr had nothing in his
house except a piece of stale bread of barley to eat.

Subsequently Uthman considered banishing him to barren
region of Rabadhah where neither men, animal nor even
vegetation could survive. In order to insult and humiliate Abu
Dharr he ordered that nobody is allowed to see him off to bid
good bye. At the time of Abu Dharr‟s departure none except
five persons picked up courage to bid the aged Companion
fare well; they were Imaam Ali (a.s), his brother Aqeel,
Imaam Hasan, Imaam Hussain and Ammaar Yaasir.

In that barren isolate land Abu Dharr, his wife and children
lived in extreme hard situation. They suffered excessive
desolation. His children died there one after another and at
last Abu Dharr also passed away in the state of hunger. This
tragic event of Abu Dharr stirred the blood of people and
everyone sympathized with the oppressed family. This action
of Uthman also added to the resentment of people against


The Umayyads and people at the helm of affairs were of the
view that caliphate was their special right to rule over the
weak and twist Islaamic Shariah according to their own taste.
People made their stronghold on the basic foundation of
tribal bias, formation of groups, bribes, torture, and various
unlawful acts. According to their decayed ideology a ruler,
howsoever irreligious, cruel or unjust he was, but was to be
considered master of the lives of people. He can play with the
lives, property and honour of the people and could exploit it
in any manner he wished, and the people had no right to raise
a finger of protest to the atrocities. Umayyad rulers viewed
the common people as quadrupeds on which they loaded
heavy loads as well were bitten harshly. Nobody had the
courage to stand and ask “why”.

During the rule of Uthmaan bin Affaan the Umayyad
governors got wholesome freedom to establish a despotic rule
to their heart‟s content. Whoever sided with them was
honored and whoever opposed to their atrocities were
disgraced, condemned and prosecuted. Even the honorable,
respected and aged companions of the Holy Prophet were
beaten to death but people had no courage to stop the
brutalities by the so-called caliph of Islaam. That was the era
when one could not hesitate calling it the era of ignorance,
because it was such that might was considered the right.
There was nothing like canon or law. The distinguished
respected companions of the Holy Prophet who managed
official government affairs were disgraced and discarded,
instead the inexperienced, uneducated and irreligious lads
were placed to run the peoples‟ affairs. Drunkards were given

the post of leading congregational prayers in the Masjids.
This was a grave mistake in appointment of incongruous
fellows to fill the vacancy on important government
positions. Thus were the gates of mischief and disturbances
made wide open for the destruction of Islaamic values and
finally leading to Uthmaan‟s murder.

When Uthmaan was nominated the ruler Abu Sufiyan, a
staunch enemy of Islaam, came to congratulate him saying,
“Now that you have become the ruler, so play with the
caliphate like a football and make Bani Umayya its pillars.”
This was a mentality of the so-called Muslims. They took the
caliphate so easily; it meant nothing more to them then as a
means of amassing wealth and enslaving the innocent people.
The careless youngsters who were put on the helm of
government affairs did not care a bit what they did or what
they spoke or how they behaved towards people. And the
caliph did not pay any heed to the grievances of people nor
did he attach any importance to the reproaches.

One of those naughty young fellows in whose hands were the
government affairs was Said s/o Aas. He was made the
governor of the city of Koofa. He was a hot-headed and
pleasure–loving fellow. He often spoke to the public from the
pulpit that, “These lands are the gardens for the young men of
Quraish.” He meant that they have to enjoy boundlessly as
much as and whatsoever they desired. These were the people
for whom the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. had predicted that,
“My followers will be ruined at the hands of foolish lads
of Quraish.” – ref. Sahih Bukhari Kitab al-fitan, p.146 and
Mustadrak vol.4, p.470.


 There were many people who were unjustly favored by the
past regimes, among them history has recorded the name of
Harith s/o Hakam (brother of Marwan the accursed), and he
was Umar‟s son in law, he was given three hundred thousand
dirhams by Uthman from the public treasury on the day of his
wedding. (Ref: Kitab al-Ansab, Balazari, vol 5, p. 58). He
was also given some camels which were received as Zakaat
to the Islaamic government. A bazaar of Madina called
Mehzool which was the property of Muslims was also given
away to Harith as jagir. (Ref: Ma‟arif p-.84, Aqd al-Farid
p.261, Sharh Nahjul Balaagha vol.2, p.27).

One wonders what merits were seen there in Talha and
Zubair that Uthman gave them out of the Muslims‟ treasury
such huge amounts of dirhams, dinars and vast jagirs that if
that was to be distributed among thousands of poor Muslims
they would have all become rich enough to desire no more.

The favors done by Uthman to his relatives, friends and
associates was contrary to the Book of Allaah as well as
Sunnah of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. Those favored
acquired vast jagirs, constructed magnificent palaces and
accumulated large sums of wealth, thus were created two
classes of people, the rich and the poor, rich got richer day by
day and poors‟ economic state deteriorated day by day.
Zubayr bin Awam left behind eleven houses in Madina, two
in Basra, one in Koofa and one in Egypt. All of his four

wives each got one million and two hundred thousand, thus
his entire property left by him amounted to 5 million and
eight hundred thousand. (Ref: Sahi Bukhari, vol.5, p.21).
Moreover, he had jagirs in Egypt and houses in Alexandria,
Kufa and Madina. He also received income from suburbs of
Madina. (Ref: Tabaqat ibn Saad, Vol.2, p.77). Yet another
historian Mas‟udi says Zubayr left behind on his death 1000
horses, 1000 slaves, and slave girls and many palaces and
jagirs (Ref:Murujuz-Zahab, vol.1, p.34).

Talha s/o Ubaydullah on his death left behind one hundred
ox-skins full of gold, yet some say there were three hundred
ox-skins full of gold and silver, and yet another historian say
he left behind so much gold that could be loaded on three
hundred camels. (Ref: Tabaqat ibn Saad, vol.3, p.158;
Murujuz-Zahab, vol.1, p.444; Aqd al-Farid vol.2, p.275).

Hakam s/o Aas had entered Madina clad in rags and was in a
miserable condition, he had with him only a goat which he
was driving. He entered caliph Uthman‟s court in this
condition but while he left he had on him a valuable fur coat
and covered himself with a costly silken sheet. Uthman did
not care about the Holy Prophet‟s feelings or
commandments, this fellow Hakam bin Aas was sent in exile
outside Madina by the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. This
wretched Hakam bin Aas was a deadly enemy of the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. During the ages of ignorance he came to
dwell near the house of the Prophet. When Makka was
conquered in 8 A.H. he came to Madina but it is much
doubted whether he had accepted Islaam. He used to follow
the Holy Prophet and made ridiculous signs from behind
towards him, mimicked him and made a wry face, and when
the Holy Prophet stood for prayers he stood behind him and
made foolish signs with his fingers, but as a result of his

foolish misbehavior his face transformed into a permanently
ugly and shapeless appearance and it did not get good till his
death, more over he also became insane. One day he was
caught peeping into the house of the Holy Prophet, the
Prophet came out of his house and said, “Who will assist me
from getting rid of this accursed and troubling person?” Then
he added, “This Hakam and his descendents can‟t live where
I live”. Therefore he exiled him and his family out of
Madeena somewhere to the side of Taif. When the Holy
Prophet had left this world Uthman approached the then ruler
Abubakr with the recommendation to allow Hakam to return
and stay in Madina, but his request was rejected by the ruler
saying that he could not give asylum to a person who was
exiled by the Prophet. Then when Umar bin Khattab became
the ruler Uthman again approached him with the same
request but then also it was not granted. And then when
Uthman became the ruler there was no one to be requested so
he instantly called the wretched fellow Hakam back to stay in
Madina, contrary to the orders of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.
Whatever pretext Uthman presented before the people they
did not accept, people were angry on him to his open
disobedience to the prophetic order.

Uthman not only called Hakam bin Aas back in Madina but
he kept him as his advisor and gave him the entire property
which had been received as Zakaat and alms from the tribe of
Bani Qaza‟a. (Ref: tarikh Yaqoobi, vol.2, p.41).

Amongst many acts of Uthman by which people were
annoyed was that he deputed Hakam s/o Aas to collect
Zakaat from the tribe of Bani Qaza‟a which amounted to
three hundred thousand Dirhams. When he brought that

amount to Uthman he gave away that entire amount to
Hakam. (Ref: Tarikh al-Ansab; Balazuri, vol.5, p. 27, 28)

Then further, when Uthman married his daughter to Abdullah
s/o Khalid s/o Aseed he gave him six hundred thousand
dirhams from the public treasury. (Ref: Tarikh Yaqoobi, vol.,

Uthman also gave to Marwan bin Hakam one fifth of the war
booty which was received as a result of African war
amounting to five hundred gold coins. He also endowed upon
Marwan the Khums money received from the war of Egypt
and also large sums of money were given to his relatives
from the public treasury. He explained his acts by saying that
he had shown kindness to his kinsmen. But it was like
robbing Paul to give Peter. People disliked his deeds very
much and they now criticized him openly. (Ref: Tabaqat Ibn
Sa‟d, vol.3, vol.24; Kitab al-Ansab Balazuri, vol.5, p.25).

Uthman also gave large sums of money from public treasury
to Walid bin Uqba bin Abi Mueet who was his brother from
his mother‟s side. When Walid was appointed governor of
Kufa then Abdullah bin Mas‟ud was in charge of Public
Treasury there. Walid borrowed large sums from the treasury
promising to return it within few days, but he did not return
the money and instead complained to Uthman against
Abdullah bin Mas‟ood. Thereupon Uthman wrote to
Abdullah, “You are only a treasurer, do not press Walid to
return the money he borrowed from the treasury.” (Ref:Kitab
al-Ansab. Vol.5, p.1)

One day Uthman gave hundred thousand dirhams to Marwan
from public treasury and he also gave two hundred thousand
dirhams to Abu Sufiyan. (Ref; Sharh Nahjul Balaaghah,

Allaama Ibn Abil Hadeed, vol.8, p.27). To his foster brother
Abdullah bin Abi Sarah he gave the entire war booty received
from different places in Africa to the exclusion of all other
Muslims. (Ref: Sharh Nahjul Balaaghah, Vol.1, p.27)

One wonders what services were rendered by such
treacherous fellows as Marwan and Moaviya that they were
gifted with so high positions of governors and were entrusted
commands of Muslim‟s armies. Relatives of Uthman got
such immense wealth that they erected lofty palaces all
around Arabia and financed heavily their enormous projects.


              THE AFTER - EFFECTS
As soon as Imaam Ali (a.s) passed away from the world the
enemies of Islaam started their dirty movements of inhumane
ways of life. One of the most dangerous enemies of Islaam
was Muaviya s/o Abu Sufiyan who was now content that his
way was clear for doing whatever he wished for. Muaviya
waged a war against Imaam Hasan (a.s) who was the rightful
Caliph and ruler after Imaam Ali (a.s). By the way, on the
battle field Muaviya proposed a peace treaty to Imaam Hasan
(a.s) in which Muaviya agreed to rule according to the laws
of Islaam and not to nominate any one after him. Besides this
there were certain main conditions mentioned by Imaam
Hasan which were agreed by Moaviya. But as soon as the
treaty was signed, hardly a few days has passed then
Muaviya declared in front of a large gathering that he had not
concluded the treaty so as to make people pray or fast, but his
intention was to enslave them and make all subservient to
him, saying so Muaviya trampled the documents of peace
treaty under his dirty feet.

Thus he demonstrated his ill-gotten power to the masses and
frightened them by his barbaric behaviors, so as to make the
people subservient to him in whatsoever way he ordered
them to do or to believe. In his illegal rule people were so
much oppressed and frightened that nobody dared to demand
a drop of water even if one was dying. He killed so many
people on mere suspicion that were the admirers of Imaam
Ali (a.s). Yet it is quite surprising that still in this modern era
there are people who consider him as a caliph of Muslims!
Those who do not read and research the history to know

the truth and facts are thus swayed away from the right

It was but a natural phenomenon that Muaviya remained in
constant fear through out his life. It was the fear of
confronting the truth. He feared that the followers of Imaam
Ali (a.s) would overthrow him and that is why he never took
a breath of rest upto his last moment. He was constantly
restless and in search of the followers of Imaam Ali (a.s) and
as soon as he doubted a person to be the Shiah of Imaam Ali
(a.s) he would order to chop off his head immediately. Thus
he killed many, imprisoned many, and poisoned many
Shiahs. But the truth always overcomes the falsehood. The
Shiahs have spread their wings from east to west and from
north to south; no any corner of the world is without the
presence of Shiahs.

As a result of fear from the truthful people Muaviya and his
henchmen started hunting for those who were upright and
favoured those who were going side by side with him on the
wretched path. Social and moral evils began to creep deeper
in the Arab world thus being initiated by its oppressive rulers
and their corrupt officers. The rights of people were violated,
and injustice and oppression became norm of daily life.
Chiefs of the nation, the governors and their officials became
a cause of affliction for the people; they devoured peoples‟
properties as if it was their own. Advisors and associates of
the despot government were also perfect despots.

Muaviya knew that there were some people who denied
accepting him as their caliph or even as a ruler. He was
anxious that each and every individual must consider him as
the sole ruler and caliph of Muslims. So he arranged a vast
gathering of all Muslims from different parts of the country

where he would take the oath of allegiance for himself and
declare his notorious and wretched son Yazid to be his
immediate heir to his throne. People of Hijaz opposed to it,
and they were such that they could neither be lured by wealth
nor be afraid of Muaviya‟s military power. Muaviya
threatened them that if anyone utters a word against him he
shall be beheaded, and he gave instructions to his police
officers to chop off the head of those who objected to his
oppressive rule. The oath of allegiance for accursed Yazid
was thus illegitimately enforced on people. This was the
same wretched fellow who martyred Imaam Hussain (a.s)
and his companions in the most tragic manner in the hamlet
of Karbala. This same accursed Yazid besieged the Holy
Qa‟aba, stoned it, burnt it, and defamed its sanctity. He
permeated his soldiers to plunder and loot the Holy city of
Madeena thus making it lawful for them to misbehave in the
most animalistic manners. The sanctity of the Masjidun-
Nabee was totally ruined.

Yazid (May abundant curses of Allaah be on him) lived a life
of a worst-then-a-beast inserting all sensual pleasures around
him; he was drunken all the hours of day and night. He made
it lawful to marry even one‟s own sister and mother. He took
great pleasure in playing with dogs and monkeys. And after
his death the Umayyad family, who were not any less
debauchees, was on the throne to rule the people.

The environment of justice founded by Imaam Ali (a.s) was
destroyed by the pleasure-seeking Umayyads. They did not
bother for anyone except their own souls. The public treasury
was converted to the family funds. They became richer while
the remaining population starved to death. Their only concern
was to strengthen grip on the government affairs so as to
enslave the public and rule over them as per their own desire.

Masses were in extreme poverty while the rulers and their
associates were such extravagant that they spent millions on
unlawful things. Once one of the caliphs gave away twelve
thousand dinars to a concubine singer called Ma‟abad just
because he was pleased by her songs and music. The big-
shots possessed countless slaves and slave girls, seventy
thousand of them were set free by Sulaymaan bin Abdul
Malik alone.

Arabs claimed superiority over non-Arabs. Class distinction
was perceptible everywhere. The courts of these Umayyad
and Abbasid caliphs were packed with pleasure loving
people, flatters, and yes-men who were being given large
sums of money from public funds. The rulers gained
mastership by oppression and malevolence by following on
the foot steps of Muaviya and Yazid the accursed.

One of these caliphs, Abdul Malik bin Marwan, issued orders
according to his own wish without caring for the Islaamic
laws and Shariah which himself was professing, neither did
ha care an iota for the properties of people nor for their lives.
Once he ordered all the water wells in Bahrain be filled with
sand so as to make the people of that area become indigent
and thus they ought to obey all the oppressive rules and
regulations from the oppressors.

Another ruler, Hajjaj bin Yusuf is well known in history for
his barbaric and beastly behavior. Unimaginable atrocities
and massacres were committed by him on the innocent

Those despotic rulers were mean and incompetent persons,
the fools, and the despicable, devoid of honour, drunkards
and wicked. They deliberately imposed on the prayer leaders
of Masjids a notorious system to abuse Imaam Ali (a.s) from
the pulpits so that the masses should not be availed of his
virtues. Because the Umayyads and Abbasids were
themselves worthless fellows and without any good attributes
so they curtailed the attributes of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.
and his Holy Household members (a.s). Thus the ignorant
masses accepted their foolish and sinful way of life to be the
okay one and without any sins. These so-called caliphs of
Muslims were afraid that if the people would know how
pious and righteous the Holy Prophet and his Holy
Household members were, then their characters shall be
unveiled and people shall recognize their true faces of
infidelity. So they started brain-washing the people by
different ways through preaching falsely, in schools and
Madressas, in the Masjids, and by manufacturing false and
fictitious traditions. People were heavily paid for this work of
fabricating false traditions because all their kingship and
rulership depended on this matter.

Brain-washing of the people of Damascus by Muaviya was to
such an extent that they did not know anything about proper
Islaam. They were deliberately kept unaware of the merits of
the Holy Prophet, Imaam Ali, and his holy descendents. What
they were taught was the subject of Bani Umayyad and Bani
Abbaasis that they were the true guides and rightful caliphs
of the Muslim Ummah. So people did not know who was the
Prophet or Imaam Ali (a.s). They were misguided specifically
about Imaam Ali (a.s) and were taught that he was an
ordinary person without any importance. When the sad news
of the martyrdom of Imaam Ali (a.s) reached Damascus that
he was struck by the sword of an assassin in the Masjid of

Kufa while in the state of Namaaz, people asked each other
that whether Ali also used to pray Namaaz. (!) This was the
condition in which the masses were put by treacherous
Muaviya. The true protector of religion was thus
misportrayed to the public by the wretched rulers.

After the tragedy of Karbala when the looted caravan of the
family of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. was brought to
Damascus, the ladies had been made captives and were set on
the bare backs of camels; an old man approached the
surviving son of Imaam Hussain (a.s), Imaam Zaynul
Aabideen (a.s) and said, “Thanks to God who made you
captives of the caliph of Muslims Yazid because of your
uprising against the state.” Imaam Zaynul Aabideen
understood that he was kept ignorant of the facts by the
malicious machinery of Muaviya, so he asked the old man,
“Have you read the Holy Qur‟aan?” He replied in
affirmative. Again the Imaam asked him, “Have you come
across the verse of Tat‟heer? (33:33). The old man said,
“Yes, but what does that concern to you?” The Imaam said,
“We are the people mentioned in this verse. We are the
household members of the Holy Prophet. I am the son of the
grandson of the Holy Prophet, Husain ibn Ali, who was
mercilessly massacred in Karbala while being quite
innocent.” He was informed of the truth. Upon hearing the
fact the old man was so much bewildered that he repented for
his words and as a token of his repentance he said, “You are
the Imaam of the time, allow me to lie down on the ground
and these camels may pass over my body crushing me to
pieces, I can not bear this awful state of the members of the
Holy Prophet.” This shows how much the person was
affected that he could not bare to see any more of the
brutalities to the Ahlul Bayt.

When the tragedy of Karbala occurred, Imaam Hussain (a.s)
and his followers were martyred, Yazid the accursed
propagated that an ordinary person had revolted and was
defeated and the remaining members of Imaam‟s family were
made captives. People did not know the truth that it was quite
contradicting to what the Yezidites were propaganding. They
did not knew that Imaam Hussain (a.s) was the grandson of
the Holy Prophet and that he was insisted by the accursed
Yazid to approve of un-Islamic ways of life and accept the
drunkard Yazid as a truthful caliph of Muslims, to which
Imaam Hussain (A.S) refused and as a result he was
massacred after denying access to water to him for three
days, he was killed thirsty and hungry on the burning sands
of Karbala. And the innocent pious ladies and children of
Imaam Hussain (a.s) were made captive and subjected to
severe brutalities. The whole truth was deliberately hidden
from the public because Yazid knew that if the people knew
what he was doing was the criminal act against the shariah
then people will realize that he is not fit to be called even a
Muslim, let alone be called a caliph of Muslims.

All the same, the method of ruling by first misguiding the
masses which was adopted by the so-called caliphs was not a
new one; it was however invented from the very day the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.A. left this world, by the so-called
companions of the Holy Prophet.

Amongst Bani Umayya there was only one exception. It was
the rule of Umar bin Abdul Azeez. He was a righteous
person. He was ruling with proper justice and tried his best to
restore all unjustified matters. He also abolished the
malpractice of abusing Imaam Ali (a.s) from the pulpits
which was started by Muaviya. He also handed over the
estate of Fadaq which was confiscated illegally by Umar bin

Khattab back to the family of the Holy Prophet, who were
actually its rightful owners. His great ideas were to restore all
usurped properties of the government to its proper place and
to make many virtuous changes in the policy of caliphate.
But alas ! He was not given that chance, those loyal to the
oppressors and usurpers assassinated him before he could
accomplish his upright plans.

There is some interesting matter to know about Umar bin
Abdul Azeez that what was the cause that made him a pious
person in spite of being born in an accursed tribe; it is that
once, before his birth, a thought crossed into his father‟s
mind that he should do some good deed so as to reap its
rewards in the Hereafter. So he first thought to partake of an
absolutely pure and lawful food, so he sent his servant to a
pious person in the city to request him to give some food
from his provision stock. The pious person gave him the food
willingly; the servant took it to his master. Then Umar‟s
father observed fasting for three days and he did not consume
anything except the food prepared from that pure ration
which was obtained from the pious person. As a result after
some time Umar bin Abdul Azeez was conceived. So the
righteousness and piousness of Umar bin Abdul Azeez was
the result of his father consuming the Halaal food. This is a
lesson for everyone worth implying for the sake of the purity
of future generation.

The lawfully gained food has its good effect while unlawful
has its contradicting effects. Even Imaam Hussain (a.s) on the
day of Aashoora indicated this matter. He told the Yezidite
army that there was no any effect of preaching on them and
they were going on the wrong path because it was the result
of their bellies being filled by unlawful food.

The Umayyad dynasty had grabbed the rulership by deceit
and coercion, the basis of their kingship were injustice and
immorality, so it could not withstand for much longer period
and it succumbed to ashes to such an extent that even the
ruins of their graves became extinct. Nobody knows the
whereabouts of the burial places of those rulers who ruled by
ridiculing Islaam and with extreme pomp and splendor
gained by unlawful means.


Basically all the evils that prevailed in Arabia were initiated
by Muaviya s/o Abu Sufiyan. He was the foremost among the
root causes of deviation and disaster to Islaam. He had
appointed such criminals and cruel people in his kingdom
that there is no match to their brutalities. They were ordered
by Muaviya to loot, plunder, torture and kill so as to keep the
masses subservient to him. This was his motto. His own
principle was cheating and treachery including all types of
immoralities. He was never a Muslim at heart. When he and
his father Abu Sufiyan had observed the prospering power of
Islaam they realised that they could then not survive on their
barbaric ways of life, so they had no other way except to
surrender to Islaam willy-nilly. Moreover they were in
constant watch to grab the power and rule over the weak.
This was Muaviya‟s goal of life.

When Umar bin Khattab appointed him a governor of Syria
he saw his cards falling right. There he started materializing
his plans by strengthening his grip over there by means of
strengthening the army, manufacturing false traditions, and
brainwashing peoples‟ minds with misguided information by
the power of bribing and torture.

He lived in pompous condition without any attachment to
Islaamic values. He made the state a kingdom in which only
the mighty had the right to live. Public treasury was left wide

open for him to nurture his extravagancies and immoral
deeds. He used to wear silken cloths and eat in silver and
gold utensils. Once a companion of the Holy Prophet gained
courage to tell him that he had heard from the Prophet saying
that the fire of Hell shall be filled into the belly of a person
eating in gold and silver utensils. Muaviya openly said that
he did not believe in the sayings of the Holy Prophet. What a
wonderful, law-breaker, crooked caliph of Muslims !!! His
conduct after embracing Islaam was no any different then
that when he was an idolater pagan like his father. He was the
best example of the aristocrats who took forced labour from
the poor people and treated as slaves everybody except his
associates. Once Imaam Ali (a.s) said to him in his letter,
“You are imitating your forefathers in making false claims,
deceiving the people, claiming to enjoy a position higher then
that you possess and grabbing things which are prohibited.
All the members of your family who embraced Islaam did it

Through his cunningness he thought out some good factors to
utilize them hypocritically. He had thought that without
having a show-off for generosity, softness, leniency, and
forbearance he will not succeed in his ambitions. So he
fooled around with these things to the simple minded people
and the poor guys thought him to be a good and praiseworthy
man, they did not recognize his true satanic face hidden
behind his false words.

His satanic thoughts were dangerous. About the non-Arabs
he had said, “The non-Arab Muslims are going to outnumber
us. If they continue to live they will obliterate the names of
our forefathers. I feel like letting half of them to live so that
the bazaars and highways may remain intact.” This was his
notorious idea to kill all non-Arabs without any cause; if

Akhnaf bin Qais had not dissuaded him from that animalistic
program Muaviya would have killed thousands of innocent
people whose only fault was that they were of non-Arab
origin, this would have been added in his lethal list.

Duplicity practiced by him in statecraft was hundred percent
machiavellian (deceitful). Murder, plunder, terrorism, foul
promises, and threats were his part and parcel. His circle was
made up of rogues and vagabonds who were held in high
esteem by him and through whom he accomplished his
bloody missions. False propaganda and employing cruel and
characterless fellows was his choicest idea.

Muaviya‟s hatred towards the Prophet of Islaam S.A.W.W.
were manifested when Mughira bin Sho‟ba once told him
that now he has already got the rulership which he longed for,
and he had so much wealth and power, and he was then an
aged person, so he should now be kind enough to people and
especially to the family members of the Holy Prophet, and
there was no any fear from their side neither politically nor
otherwise. To these advising words Muaviya retorted,
“Never, I can never be kind to Bani Haashim (Prophet‟s
family); Abu Bakr became caliph, he ruled and then died but
nobody remembers him except by his name „Abu Bakr‟; then
Umar became the caliph and ruled for ten years, after he
died he was also forgotten, he is also remembered by his
name only „Umar‟; then our brother Uthman became the
caliph but when he died he is also forgotten. But, the name of
the man of Bani Haashim, (that is the Holy Prophet), is still
remembered by announcements five times in day and night
from the minarets of the Masjids. Now what else should be
done with his name except that I must destroy it completely.”
(Ref; Murooj al-Zahab, vol.2, page 241). This clearly shows
who Muaviya actually was in the garb of a human being. It is

really a great pity and disgrace on those simple minded
persons who say Muaviya was the caliph of Muslims.

One should not wonder at the deeds of Muaviya because in
the first place he was nurtured and brought up in the laps of
infidelity; he also saw his father many times marching to
fight the Muslims; he also saw his mother on the battle
ground of Uhad mutilating the dead bodies of martyrs
Muslims, she had cut their body parts and made its necklace
which she wore, she also tore apart the belly of martyred
uncle of the Holy Prophet, Hazrat Hamza (a.s) and took out
the liver from it and tried to chew it; therefore it is but natural
that no good can ever be expected from a son of such ruffian

He enthusiastically longed Islaam to be wiped out and
barbarism to be practiced widely. Therefore he made his
debauchee son Yazid (L.A) to be his inheritor and make
things go on as his own desire. All his motives were totally

The tragedy of Karbala was initiated by the same immoral
motives. The accursed son of Muaviya very well knew the
high position of Imaam Hussain (a.s) the beloved grandson of
the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. So he wanted the immoral and
inhumane deeds to be branded as Islaamic acts, he wanted to
extinguish the light of Islaam; he knew that if Imaam Hussain
would approve of his plans then there was nobody in the
world to protest, but if Imaam Hussain (a.s) did not give his
consent there is nothing in the world that can change the
Shariah of Islaam And so he started demanding Bay‟ah (an
oath of allegiance) from Imaam Hussain (a.s) that if he gives
Bay‟ah then it meant that he has given permission to do all
the evil deeds as allowed by Shariah. This was never ever

possible for Imaam Hussain (a.s), this was certainly
unimaginable. Alluring and threatening did not work for
Yazid. At last he sent troops to capture Imaam Hussain (a.s)
but he and his faithful followers did not surrender to the
despot‟s demand. They were determined that come what it
may they shall never leave Imaam Hussain and surrender to
the despotic ways of life of Yazid. The small innocent group
of Imaam Hussain (a.s) which included young, old, youths,
children, infant, and honourable ladies of the household of
the Holy Prophet, was encircled in the hamlet of Karbala.
The river Euphrates was flowing very nearby but they were
deprived of water, the Yezid‟s soldiers did not allow anyone
from Imaam Hussain‟s camp to take even a drop of water
from the river. They remained thirsty for three whole days
and nights and on the day of Aashoora they were mercilessly
massacred on the hot sands of Karbala, after that tragedy the
honourable and respected ladies, children and the only
surviving male, Imaam Zaynul Aabideen A.S. were taken
prisoners and paraded in the streets of cities and towns, to
publicize that they were rebellions captured in the war, but
anyhow this false propaganda did not serve the evil motives
of Yazidites. At last truth became manifest and people came
to know what was the truth. In spite of all the atrocities the
people of truth did not bow down before Yazid, they endured
massacres, imprisonment, hardships, tortures etc but never
gave up their mission to spread the truth. Thus was Islaam
salvaged by Imaam Hussain (a.s) and his followers.

The carnage, bloodshed, and atrocities which occurred in
Karbala were the direct orders of Yazid. And we know he
was the son of Muaviya. And we also know who Muaviya
was. The linage itself was rotten and putrid. Yazid was their
offshoot and that is why history has recorded nothing but evil
deeds of him. He was a drunkard, gambler, had no sanctity

for his mothers and sisters, he used to play on tambourine,
monkeys were his favorite play mate, he had ordered to put
the Holy Qa‟aba on fire, he attacked the residents of
Madeena, his soldiers made the Masjid of the Holy Prophet
to be the stable for their horses, and many innocent Muslims
were put to death by him. Yazid had inherited satanic
qualities of Bani Umayya in general. He proved to be the
worst specimen of his ancestral vices.

 Muaviya‟s main aim was to obliterate Islaam because it was
a major source of interference in his life; he wanted to live
the life as per his vain desires while Islaam has its firm rules
and regulations to be followed. So, as long as people had a
true knowledge of Islaam and its values it pricked Muaviya
like a sharp thorn in his neck. Therefore he waged war
against Imaam Ali and Imaam Hasan (peace be upon them),
but still he saw Islaam was there. Therefore he had appointed
his drunkard and debased son Yazid (L.A) to be his successor
so as to make his unfinished abortive dreams come true.


It is rightly said that a person can be recognized by his
associates. Muav\iya was a notorious man and so he
employed the same quality of persons. Following are some of
his close associates whose names and deeds ashamed the
pages of the history of humanity.

Abu Sufiyan bin Ghamadi: - He was a hard-core brute who
was employed by Muaviya. When he was sent on a
plundering mission to Iraq he was ordered thus, “If you meet
the troop of Imaam Ali attack them and move on to Anbar,
plunder the city. These attacks will terrify the people and my
supporters will be happy. Those who are not on our side put
them all to sword. Loot every village you pass through and
snatch away every property you can lay your hands on.” This
fellow did the same as was expected from him.

Zahhak bin Qais: - He was sent to attack some cities which
were under the control of Imaam Ali (a.s). He had followed
his master‟s instruction that, “Proceed and reach Koofa, on
your way attack all those Arabs and loot their arsenals if
any.” This was as well get done by Zahhak.

Busr bin Artaat: - This accursed tyrant was given the name
of “Executioner” by historians because of his nature to like
killing many people. He was the right-hand of Muaviya in
tyranny and oppression. One shudders through the spine
when his atrocities are mentioned. He killed old men whose
backs were bent, he also pulled out small children from their
mothers‟ laps and slaughtered viciously. His atrocities were
aimed to strengthen Muaviya‟s rule and to sow the seeds of
fear in the masses. Muaviya commanded him to loot, plunder

and kill the people to such an extent that they become
convinced that their lives are not going to be spared.
Especially the emphasis was given to kill the followers of
Imaam Ali (a.s) and the virtuous people.

On his plundering mission he reached Madeena, he first
threatened its residents and then set some of the houses on
fire. He killed many people including women and children.
Two sons of Ubaidullah ibn Abbaas were also caught and
killed. When he reached at a certain place and wanted to
make a speech his opening address was thus: “O Christians,
O Jews, O brothers of apes, may your faces become
black……” and then he proceeded with threats. This was all
meted out to the Muslims whom this brute called names.
Historians have said Busr killed thirty thousand people in
Makka, Madeena, Taaif and Sanaa. Others he burnt them

Ziyad bin Abeeh: - This was another Umayyad criminal. To
win his support Muaviya adopted him as his brother. He
plundered and massacred the people of Iraq in a very dreadful
manner. Muaviya had appointed him as a governor of Busra.
He amputed the feet and hands of many people. He also
imprisoned and hanged many innocents. He plundered the
properties of people, burned people alive, and humiliated
them in their life and even after they died. Then he was
installed as a governor of Koofa. On the very first day he got
the hands of eighty people chopped off. His policy was
oppression and terrorism. He searched for the followers of
Imaam Ali (a.s), harassed them, amputed their limbs, made
them blind, hanged them and killed them mercilessly. Whom
he did not kill was expelled from Iraq.

Hajjaaj bin Yusuf Saqafi: - This was the greatest criminal
among the supporters of Bani Umayya. Abdul Malik Bin
Marwan sent him with an army to Hijaz to fight Abdullah bin
Zubayr. He attacked the Holy Qa‟aba by throwing stones and
fire on it; as a result of this a part of the Holy Qa‟aba was
burnt. He severed the heads of many people and sent them to
his master at Damascus. He severed Abdullah‟s head and
hung the dead body on the gallows and kept it there for many
days. Abdullah‟s mother Asma, the daughter of Abu Bakr,
was a very old lady at that time came to the gallows
lamenting her son‟s death; the brute Hajjaj did not spare even
this old bereaved lady of rebuking and insulting her. As a
reward of his atrocities the ruler made him governor of Hijaz.
Thus he got a license to kill and terrorize as many people as
he wished. And he did so to innumerable innocents. He hated

The ruler saw in him the beastly factor which he was in so
much need of, so he made Hajjaj the governor of Iraq. On his
first day there he assembled people and started threatening
them and sowing the seeds of fear in peoples‟ minds. He said,
“The time for chopping off your heads has come. And it is I
who will do the job. The ruler (he called him the commander
of faithfuls) has found me the most solid wood and so he sent
me to you. I shall peel you in the same way the wood is
peeled of its bark, and I shall beat you in the same manner an
alien camel is beaten. O people of Iraq, O slaves of sticks and
sons of slave girls, I am Hajjaj bin Yusuf. I shall give you
sufficient beating that will take long time to recover from it. If
you do not join Mohlab‟s army within three days I will kill
those who leg behind, confiscate their property, and demolish

These were not empty threats; he treated the people much
more above these threats. He had admitted himself that the
most enjoyable act to him was the shedding of blood. A
voluminous book is needed to write the tyranny and
murderous deeds of Hajjaj. An old sick man once came to
him to be excused to join the army due to his ripe age and
evident sickness. The old man said his son has already joined
the army, but Hajjaj just chopped off his neck

 Once when he was taking his meals together with other
officials his policeman brought a man and blamed that he was
disobedient, actually the accused was quite innocent, he was
trembling with fear and pleading for his life, he said, “I have
done nothing, I am a weaver, I was set on my loom doing my
work and your policeman came and took hold of me, the
accusation is wrong.” But Hajjaj did not say anything, he just
beheaded the innocent person and continued eating his meal
as if nothing had occurred, his servants were stunned by his
cruelty but he had no any feeling of a human being. This was
a method used by Hajjaj‟s yes-men that to drag innocent
persons to him on false accusations, just to be seen faithful in
the eyes of the brute.

Many times some people revolted against him but the revolt
was weak because the brute was strong and was a ruler of the
vast country, so they could not over power him. Hajjaj
compelled each and every citizen to join his army, be he an
old man, a young or a small youth.


This spiteful fellow, Ubaidulla bin Ziyad was the founder of
the tragedy of Karbala. He was also the murderer of
respected companion Amr bin Humuq, Maysam Tammaar,
the aged Abdullah bin Afeef Azadee and numerous other
innocent people. To him it was an ordinary act to cut off the
limbs of people, to hang and to kill. His shamelessness,
wickedness and meanness knew no bounds.

This brute, nasty, cruelest, animalistic featured guy, with a
dog-like face, Shimr bin Ziljoshan was unparalleled in
wickedness and viciousness. He had a distinguishing quality
of nursing grudge and enmity to every noble and virtuous
person. In Karbala he denied water to the small children of
the family of the Holy Prophet resulting in death of many
children due to severe thirst; river Euphrates was flowing on
the same site but this accursed brute did not allow anyone to
take even a drop of water for the thirsty children of Imaam
Hussain (a.s). It was this same accursed fellow who ordered
his soldiers to trample on the holy dead body of Imaam
Hussain with the hooves of their horses after himself severing
the Imaam‟s holy head. Children, who were orphans of the
holy household of the Prophet were mercilessly slapped on
faces and were beaten with the sharp edge of his spear. This
heartless brute was serving water to his soldiers and animals
when the thirsty child of Imaam Hussain requested some
water from him, he made her wait for a long time but then
instead of giving some water to her the cruel Shimr poured
down all the remaining water on the ground. The most
heinous and unforgivable crime he committed was to behead
the grandson of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. when he was

lying on the burning sands of Karbala, helpless and injured
all over his blessed body.

Many years before the event of Karbala, in the times of
Imaam Ali (a.s), in one of the battles this same brute Shimr
was captured as a prisoner of war. He saw Imaam Hussain
(a.s) and begged him to recommend him to Imaam Ali (a.s)
for his freedom. So Imaam Hussain went to tell his father to
free that man. As Imaam Ali was the divinely appointed
Imaam he knew the future, and he told Imaam Hussain that
this man for whom you are pleading to free will be your
murderer in Karbala. But in spite of that knowledge he gave
him freedom from captivity because an Imaam is always of
the lofty position, he can not punish anyone before the crime
is committed. This same Shimr Mal‟oon was the one who
perpetrated the most malicious crimes in Karbala and after
Karbala also. May abundant curses befall on him ceaselessly.

As per some traditions Umar bin Sa‟ad the accursed fellow,
was a scholar, but he had a soft corner in his heart for this
transient world and its riches. He chose this world and traded
it with the eternal blessings. He was not compelled by his
master Ubaydulla bin Ziyad to assume the command of
Yezid‟s army; it was on his own free will that he participated
in the tragedy of Karbala, in high hopes that he shall be
rewarded heavily by the accursed Yazid. Before the battle
began Imaam Hussain (a.s) tried to convince him of the good
results if he abstained from the war but his mind was in full
control of his vain desires so he could not see the truth. He
was the first man to initiate the war by throwing an arrow
towards the companions of Imaam Hussain (a.s) and he said
to his soldiers to be witness to his masters that Umar Saad
shot the first arrow to Imaam Hussain‟s camp. After the

martyrdom of Imaam Hussain he made the respected and
holy ladies and children of Imaam Hussain captives, he made
them pass by the dead bodies of their relatives whose heads
were severed, and on the way to Koofa and Damascus he did
not show any sympathy on the helpless family of Imaam
Hussain (a.s).

Muslim bin Uqba was yet another devil. He committed the
most dreadful and abominable atrocities. The accursed Yazid
had made him a commander of the army. In the Holy city of
Madeena he committed untold cruelties. He killed so many
people that blood was literally flowing in the streets of
Madeena. He ordered his soldiers to commit unlawful acts in
Madeena for three days. Men and women were
indiscriminately looted and their property plundered.
Modesty and respect of women was outraged. Infants were
snatched from their mothers‟ laps and banged on the walls till
their bones cracked and they died with that cruelty. Homes
were raised to the ground. Descendants of Ansaar and
Muhaajir were also not spared; seventeen hundred of these
revered persons were killed besides thousand others. In spite
of all those shameful deeds he had done he wrote to his
master the accursed Yazid that he and Marwan had killed so
many people and he did not pray in the Masjid until
thousands of people had been killed by them.


After the fall of Umayyads there began the rulership of
Abbasids who were no less cruel and brutes then their
predecessors. They gained the rulership by bloodshed. There
were horrible scenes of bloodshed and massacres all over the
territory. They left loose their armies telling the soldiers that
it was lawful for them to loot, plunder, kill and do whatever
they wished. They were no less then ferocious animals. Life
property and honour of the people were of no value in their
eyes. They adopted fascist policy in making them the
proprietors of the government and its revenues.

The Abbasids attained to the rulership by false pretence that
they were taking it from Umayyads and they propagated that
they will hand the rulership to its rightful owners, that is, the
Ahlul Bayt of the Holy Prophet. This was only to make the
masses side with them, and they made it, as soon as they
came to the throne of rulership they showed their true
countenance. The hostility to the innocent members of the
Holy Prophet was deep rooted in their dirty hearts. They
began their mission to eliminate the members of the
household of the Prophet as well as the well-wishers and their
associates. Some of these tyrant rulers did not enjoy their
breakfast until they saw the blood of an innocent flowing in
front of their eyes. Descendents and followers of the Holy
Prophet were imprisoned in such places that had high walls
and without any roof for shade, thus pouring scorching heat
on the innocent prisoners at the day time and at nights they
had to bear the cold chill of the night. Some of them died in
the prison because of starvation and they were not allowed to
take the dead body out of the prison; inmates were also not

allowed to stand in the shade of those high walls; finally the
walls were fallen down on them and they were buried alive
under the heavy walls.

Masses were made to believe that the ruler is a vicegerent of
God and so it was his inherent right to rule in any way he
wished, so then even the subordinates of the ruler so much
oppressed the people but they maintained silence because
they were taught that it was all direct from God. As such,
there was no opposition to their rule except for the few
persons who were fully aware of the principles of religion.

Bani Abbasids exploited the poor, chased the helpless,
snatched from the orphans and widows, and built their
palaces decorated with gold and silver and pearls through the
blood of innocents. Slave markets were flourishing in
Abbasid cites, slaves and slave girls were brought from
different places and sold there. Although Islaam does not
allow enslaving a Muslim or a Zimmi or even a non-believer
within whom a pact has been concluded, but in the Abbasid
rule most of the slaves belonged to this category. The rich
who had ill-gotten riches lived a pompous and extravagant
life while the poor starved to death. Even though the rich
people were few in number but they were not quite secure,
they remained in constant fear that the ruler may call on them
any time on any pretext, confiscate their property, and behead
them on the spot. All the people were devoid of peace of

One of the beastly monarchs of Abbasid dynasty was
Mutawkkil, the accursed. Everyone was afraid of him
because of his cruelty which was boundless. He was such a
fellow who insulted the wise and zealous persons. It was this
brute who tried his level best to demolish the holy grave of

Imaam Hussain (a.s) but he failed. He had sent workers to dig
a water canal so as to make its course pass on the grave, but
miraculously the water stopped far away in reverence of
Imaam Hussain (a.s). People were thronging to the grave site
to pay their respects to the grave of Imaam Hussain (a.s).
Mutawakkil thought that if he would impose heavy taxes on
the visitors they will not go for Ziyarat, but that also could
not stop people going to Ziyarat. Furthermore, he ordered
that anyone who wished to go to Ziyarat of Imaam Hussain
should sacrifice one person from his family, even then people
did not hesitate to give away their precious lives for the sake
of Imaam Hussain (a.s).

This accursed Mutawakkil had thousands of slave girls in his
palace. It was he who allowed the ruffians in his court to
speak insulting words to Imaam Ali (a.s). Mutawakkil was
much hated by the masses as well as his own family. As a
result of his cruelties and blasphemies he was murdered by
his own son.

Wealthy persons and those belonging to aristocratic class
kept thousands of slave girls and eunuchs in their house to
protect their females. One of the Abbasid caliphs named
Muqtadir had kept eleven thousand eunuchs. This practice
was rampant in that era and the masters took shameful
services from them.

 The basic cause of all this malpractice and immoralities was
that the rich had ignored the principles laid down by the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. and Imaam Ali (a.s). Therefore exploiting
the poor was the order of the day. The rulers and the rich
people led luxurious and voluptuous life while the poor were
subjected to indigence and helplessness.

In the Abbasid era magnificent palaces were constructed for
the rulers and their associates using public funds. Every ruler
ascending to the throne competed with his predecessor in

As sometimes we notice a beautiful flower grown in a muddy
place so was one ruler by the name of Muhtada. He was a
devout person but he could not live for long, his kinsmen
killed him. Sometimes nature provide example like this. For
instance, Yazid was the most accursed fellow, but his son
named Muaviya was a pious and righteous man. When his
father died he was told to inherit the throne of rulership then
he absolutely denied saying it was the right of the son of
Imaam Hussain (a.s) He did not agree to become the ruler or
caliph. He ascended the pulpit for his first public speech in
which he first praised Almighty Allaah S.W.T. and the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. and the household members of the Holy
Prophet. He then said that the caliphate which was forcefully
grabbed by his father and grand father was an evil act
towards the rightful Caliphs, who were the household
members of the Holy Prophet, and because of that they are
now paying heavily in their graves. Saying so, he left the
pulpit and went away. So he was seen as an obstacle to the
policies of the oppressors and therefore he was killed.

Ministers and officials of the government did not leg behind
to spending large sums extravagantly from public treasury.
Some of them built magnificent marble palaces decorated
with numerous pearls; some yielded to accumulate slaves and
slave girls amounting to thousands; some had a mania of
building minarets reaching to high skies; some had a liking of
keeping thousands of wild animals feeding them from public
treasury; some ate their meals with silver spoons and
discarded them after each morsel; and some had the habit of

buying flowers worth one thousand dinars every third day
and put them in the swimming pool. Slaves and eunuchs were
kept in such a large quantity that if they were sent in the
capacity of an army they would have conquered vast lands.

Bribery was rampant, corruption was on its last stages, justice
was topsy-turvy, lives of people depended on the will of the
caliphs; they were secure as long as the people at the helm of
affairs were not displeased with them. Indigence of the
people was on increase, the ratio of rich and poor never
remained constant, difficulties and afflictions were so much
that if some one died he deserved congratulations rather
then condolences.

Right from the time when the oppressor‟s hands were
stretched towards Imaam Ali (a.s), and this protector and
defender of humanity was martyred, the whole system of
living was disintegrated to become so valueless that people
longed for death rather then a life in miseries and humility;
calamities became the fate of Arabs and it befell on them
constantly in every form.


As mentioned earlier the Abbasid rulers were not less cruel
then the Umayyads. Some of them are mentioned hereunder.

Saffah – was the first Abbasid ruler; he resorted to bloodshed
at such an extent that in Mosul the streets were flooded by
blood. At night time when women and children were
lamenting for their family members who were killed then
these innocents were mercilessly put to death by the order of
Saffah. Once he invited eighty people on the pretext of a
lunch party, when they arrived they all were killed and a
carpet was spread on the dying and groaning bodies, Saffah
sat on that carpet devouring his lunch while innocent people
were breathing their last under the weight of his devilish
body, moreover he expressed his satisfaction that till that day
he had never enjoyed such a delicious and wholesome food.

Mansoor – Historians say that Mansoor was the founder of
Abbasid dynasty. He was the first person who openly created
a rift between Abbasids and descendents of Imaam Ali A.S.
He was an evil minded fellow with no regard for religion. He
ridiculed the teachings of Holy Qur‟aan in this way that he
called a preacher of the Holy Qur‟aan and made him sit
besides himself, then he ordered to bring some innocent
persons and he chopped off their heads there, then showing
his blood-stained dress to the preacher he would say, „preach
me‟. And again he repeated the same cruel acts again and

He had collected the descendents of Imaam Hasan a.s. and
ordered to be chained all of them and heavy iron collars
around their necks and feet were bound and then he
imprisoned them in an underground dark cell where they

could not even distinguish between day and night; the
innocent prisoners offered their prayers by counting the
duration of reciting Holy Qur‟aan which they divided
accordingly. In his dreadful prison where the brute Mansoor
had imprisoned descendents of Imaam Ali A.S. there was not
a single facility of lavatory for the poor inmates, in that
consequence the bad odor caused their feet to swell, and
when the swellings reached their heart they died on account
of serious illness, thirst and hunger.

People arrested on doubt of being a Shiah were buried alive
or pillars were constructed over their live bodies thus they
died therein. He ordered his governor to set on fire the house
of Imaam Jaa‟far Saadiq A.S. and to poison the Imaam. And
so was his cruel order carried out. (Ref: Tarikhu Shiah,
Sawaiqi Muhriqa, and Nurul Absaar.)

Hadi and Mehdi Abbasi – These were also among the list of
oppressors. In their rule people were so much tortured and
killed that some did not disclose their faith until their
departure from this world. A governor was appointed from
the clan of Umar bin Khattab who was such a cruel fellow
that he tortured the descendents of Imaam Ali A.S., accused
them of intoxication, whipped them and paraded them in
bazaar. He even did not allow anyone to go out of Madeena.

Harun Rashid – He was Hadi‟s brother and he did not have
a lesser degree in oppression and cruelty. According to
„Uyunul Akhbaar‟ Harun Rashid constructed heavy pillars
on the live bodies of innocent persons thus burying them
alive. As it is well known he was a staunch enemy of the
descendents of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. and as such,
these innocent persons were his main target of oppression
and massacre. In the same book a person named Hammad bin

Qahtaba narrates that once he was called by Harun Rashid, he
handed to him a sword and was told to obey whatever his
slave asked him; he followed the slave and they reached a
place where he was told to open the door of a room. Hammad
unlocked the room and saw there were twenty Seyyids
imprisoned there, he was ordered to kill all off them one by
one, and he obeyed the order. Then they proceeded to another
room, and then to a third one. All of them were put to sword,
and all of them were from the progeny of the Holy Prophet

There a was pious and courageous person named Yahya bin
Abdullah bin Hasan who revolted against the rule of Harun
Rashid. He was a popular person so many people joined
hands with him. Harun sent an army to fight Yahya, when
Yahya saw many of his companions had betrayed him he
agreed to make truce with Harun on the condition that Harun
should write in his own handwriting an offer of amnesty to
Yahya. Harun wrote it and promised safety to Yahya. But
later on, deceitfully he imprisoned Yahya, tortured him and
killed him by constructing a wall on his live body.


There were people whose conscience was purchased by the
cruel and oppressive rulers of Bani Umayya for a few
glittering coins through bribes and alluring. While other
supporters of satanic acts were the hard-core born-criminals
with mean nature and were inimical towards the noble-
minded and magnanimous persons. They nurtured grudges
against the virtuous persons and befriended the ill-natured
who were same as themselves. People were being bribed
according to their positions. Slaves being bribed by the
promises of freedom while jobless were being bribed by
giving them some positions in government affairs.

Enmity of Bani Umayya to the Holy Prophet and his
household members can be well compared to darkness as to
light, falsehood towards truth, and deviation towards
guidance. The despots were inimical to every pious and
righteous person such as a ferocious animal to its prey. They
were ready to carry out orders from their cruel masters to
perform any heinous crime as long as they were being paid
their wages. These types were the foolish type of human
beings who could not ever think of anything except evil.

Muaviya‟s father Abu Sufiyan had initially put the
foundation of offering bribe when he and his wife, the liver-
eater Hinda, promised their Ethiopian slave Wahshi to grant
him freedom if he killed any of these three person, - the Holy
Prophet, Imaam Ali or Hamza the uncle of the Prophet. Thus
the wicked system of bribe was continued fully fledged in
Muaviya‟s rule and down up to their last rule. Mouth of
public treasury was kept wide open for this purpose as if it
was someone‟s own personal property.

Since the world was created when were there the people of
truth in majority? The sure answer is „Never‟. Same is true
for the rightful followers of Imaam Ali (a.s). and his
followers. These were the people with magnanimity who
were always alert to defend the oppressed, to help the needy,
to promote true belief, and to sacrifice on the altar of truth, if
need arose. Their small number did not despair them because
they were magnanimous and noble-minded. Sometimes it so
happens that a deed which could not be accomplished by
thousands is done by a single person, Imaam Ali (a.s)‟s
followers were of such brevity and velour. They never legged
behind in the propagation of truth in spite of their bend
constituting a small number. Muaviya had offered immense
wealth and high positions to the faithful followers of Imaam
Ali (a.s) so that they may only abuse Imaam Ali but he failed
in his pursuits. They bluntly declined to abuse Imaam Ali
even when they were threatened to be killed. The most brutal
type of torture could not shake their faith.

Once Muaviya told Ahnaf bin Qais to mount the pulpit and
speak abusing words for Imaam Ali (a.s). Ahnaf asked to be
excused from that but Muaviya insisted. So Ahnaf said,
“Alright, I shall go on the pulpit and speak and pray to Allaah
S.W.T. but all of those present here should say „Aameen‟,
and I shall pray thus,‟ O Allaah, curse the one out of these
two (Muaviya and Ali) who is a rebel, and let your Prophet,
the angels and other creatures shower curses on the rebellious
group.‟” As Muaviya heard this he knew that the curses shall
fall on him and so he stopped him from going to the pulpit.

In spite of Muaviya being a powerful despot ruler the
supporters of Imaam Ali (a.s) never feared him. When they
were told to curse Ali they cursed Muaviya and his
descendents openly. They were tortured and executed but
they did not mind to give up their lives for the love of Imaam
Ali (a.s). Even though Imaam Ali (a.s) was not alive and so
no apparent benefit could be derived from him but it was his
meticulous character that had left a lasting effect on his
followers that each one of them was a complete system of
unwavering truth in itself.

Muaviya was always in pursuit of the followers of Imaam Ali
(a.s) to make them speak evil for Imaam Ali (a.s) but the
faithful followers of Imaam Ali (a.s) were on high morality,
best qualities were firmly planted in their hearts so the
oppressor always failed in his aim. All the followers of
Imaam Ali (a.s) were alike, whether men, women, big or
small. Whenever Muaviya saw an opportunity to kill them he
did not let it go. One of them was an aged distinguished
companion of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. – Hujr bin Aadi.
He was mercilessly killed for the only fault that he denied to
speak badly of Imaam Ali (a.s).

 Muaviya once came to Makka and inquired about a pious
elderly woman called Darmiyah. She was from the tribe of
Kananah and was a well-built lady of dark complexion. He
knew that she was a devotee of Imaam Ali (a.s) but he
thought that Darmiyah was now very old and Ali is no more
in the world so she would be lured to speak against Imaam
Ali (A.S) when he shall offer him some money. So Darmiyah
was brought in front of him. Muaviya ridiculously called her
the daughter of Ham, (Ham was a descendent of Prophet
Nooh A.S. and they were black-skinned). Darmiyah replied
to him that she was not the daughter of Ham but was from the

tribe of Kananah. Then Muaviya said to him that she was
called so that he may know why she loved Ali so much and
why she was inimical towards Muaviya. She replied that she
should be excused from replying it, but Muaviya insisted.
Darmiya said, “If you be adamant for my reply so hear what I
say.” She said this without fearing the oppressor, “I love Ali
because he was a just ruler and gave justly to everyone
which was his due. And I hate you because you contented
with a person who was more deserving then you to be a
ruler. You desired a thing which you did not deserve. I
obeyed Ali because the Holy Prophet had appointed him
as our Caliph and ruler. He loved the poor and needy and
respected the true believers. I hate you because you shed
the blood of innocent Muslims without just cause, you
give unjust judgments, and you decide matters

Muaviya could not bear this truth so he abused Lady
Darmiyah in a bad language. The lady fired back saying that
those abuses were proverbially used for Muaviya‟s mother
and not for her. Then he asked Darmiyah that if she had seen
Imaam Ali (a.s). She said that certainly she had seen him.
Muaviya asked how she found him to be. She replied, “I
swear by God that I saw him in such a condition that
sovereignty and the office of caliphate had not made him
proud as you are.” She was asked whether she had heard Ali
talking. To that she said, “Yes by God I did, he used to revive
darkness of the hearts by his words, and brighten them in the
same way in which gilding brightens a utensil.” Then
Darmiyah asked for her requirements. Muaviya asked her
that if he met her needs than will she treat him at par with
Ali? Darmiyah retorted to it and said that Muaviya stood in
no comparison with Ali. At last Muawiya provided her with
all her needs and added that if Ali had been alive he would

not have given her so much. To that, Darmiyah said, “You
are right. He never gave a penny out of the property of
Muslims to anyone unless he was entitled to it.” (Ref:
Balaghatun-Nisa p.72 and Iqd-al-Farid, vol.1, p.216)

During his rule once Muaviya met Adi s/o Hatim, and he
was aware that Adi‟s two sons were martyred fighting at the
side of Imaam Ali (a.s). So Muaviya asked tauntingly the
whereabouts of his sons, his intention was that when Adi will
remember his dead sons he will hate Imaam Ali because they
were killed while fighting and defending Imaam Ali (a.s).
Adi replied that they were killed supporting Imaam Ali (a.s)
Muaviya tried his trick saying that Ali has not done justice
because his sons remained alive while Adi‟s sons were killed.
To that Adi replied that he has also not done justice because
Ali was killed and he was yet alive. Hearing this Muaviya‟s
heart set at the bottom realizing the density of Ali‟s love in
peoples‟ hearts yet as fresh as it was in yester period.
Muaviya could find no words so he threatened Adi that he
shall kill him. Adi fearlessly retorted, “I swear by God that
the hearts which remained your enemy are still throbbing
in our chest and the swords with which we fought against
you are still on our shoulders. If you come forward
treacherously even to the extent of a finger we shall
proceed to you to the extent of a span. It is easier for us to
be cut to piece and our bodies trampled upon then
hearing even a single word against Imaam Ali (a.s).”
When Muaviya saw this lion-hearted man so fearless he
reverted to his habit of flattery and said to his associates,
“These are words of wisdom so write them down.” (Ref:
Murooj al-Zahab, vol.2, p.309)

Another sincere devotee of Imaam Ali (a.s) was Miysam
Tammaar. He was a close companion of Imaam Ali (a.s) and

had realized very well the dignity and sublime position of the
Imaam. He was foretold about his death that the oppressor
Ibn Ziyad (L.A) will cut off his tongue and he shall then die.
It so happened once that Miysam was delivering a speech in
the Bazaar. Ibn Ziyad heard it and was impressed by his
eloquence and sagacious reasoning, he was mentioning in his
speech the high qualities of Imaam Ali (a.s) and was praising
him, and was narrating Hadeeth from the Imaam. Ibn Ziyad
tried to coax him telling Miysam that if he would come to the
Umayyad side and become their supporter he will
recommend the ruler to reward him heavily with riches and
gifts. Together with his offer he also threatened Miysam to
discontinue the love of Imaam Ali and not to mention his
qualities of justice and equity to the masses, otherwise he will
be executed. Miysam did not pay heed to the oppressor‟s
threat, he continued his mission of spreading awareness of
Imaam Ali‟s qualities and attributes. So as to stop the
spreading this noble deed Ibn Ziyad ordered his arrest and he
cut off his hands and legs. In that horrible situation also
Miysam continued his mission narrating the virtues and
qualities of Imaam Ali (a.s). So Ibn Ziyad as a last resort
chopped off his tongue to stop him talking. As a result
Miysam bled profusely and died the death of a Martyr.

Sa‟ad s/o Abi Waqqaas was also an ardent admirer of
Imaam Ali (a.s). Muaviya once told him to speak abusive
words for Imaam Ali (a.s) but he courageously denied and he
got up from his assembly and went away annoyed saying, “If
I had any one of the many attributes that Ali possessed it
would have been dearer to me then possessing the whole
world, and from now on I shall never come again to see
you.” Thus he went away from the assembly of Muawiya in a
state of extreme anger.

Amr bin Humuk was also a staunch supporter and follower
of Imam Ali (a.s). He preferred to be killed then to say a
word of abuse concerning the Imaam. He was martyred
because of the love of Imaam Ali (a.s). Ziyad bin Abih killed
him, severed his head and sent it to Muaviya as a gift. In
Islaam this was the very first incident that a severed head was
sent as a gift.

Rashid Hujri was also a devoted companion       of Imaam Ali
(a.s) who was martyred in the path of God.      He had flatly
refused to disassociate himself from the love   of Imaam Ali
(a.s), so Ibn Ziyad amputed his hands and       legs and was
mercilessly killed.

Greatness and sincerity of the supporters and companions of
Imaam Ali (a.s) can be gauged from the fact that they loved
him whole-heartedly, the love was not for any material gains,
they loved him and held him in great reverence without any
pressure, coercion or coaxing. They found nobody deserving
to be loved save Imam Ali (a.s) because he was the lantern of
light and the true guidance. They did not love him because
they wanted to be praised by anyone or receive worldly
wealth. Their goal was to live and die in supporting truth and
justice. They were somehow alike to the early Ansaars and
Muhaajirs of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. who were pious
and staunch in belief.

On the battle field of Siffeen when Ammaar Yaasir saw the
huge army of Muaviya he mentioned true sentiments of a true
believer and a Shiah of Imaam Ali (a.s) in these words, “I
swear by God that even if by any chance this huge army
of Muaviya pushes us back to the farthest place, even
then we shall remain convinced that we are for certain the

followers of truth and they (Muawiya and his army) are
on falsehood.”

During the oppressive Umayyad rule most people could not
express their feelings in fear of the oppressors. They could
neither speak the truth, nor point out to their faults and sins,
nor did the people dare speak praises of the members of the
Holy Prophet.

But there were some amongst them who were brave enough
to speak the truth on the face of the oppressor. Farzadaq was
one of them. He was a well known poet of that time; he
openly recited a Qasweeda in praises of Imaam Zaynul
Aabideen (a.s) in front of the cruel oppressor Hisham bin
Abdul Malik. It was not that Farzadaq wanted some reward
from the Imaam but it was a sincere manifestation of pure
love and ardent obedience for the people whom Allaah
S.W.T had chosen to lead the humanity on the right path. He
spoke the truth and as a result he was imprisoned by the

All these incidents prove to show that the atrocities and
cruelties of Bani Umayya could never curb the spirit of the
supporters of Imaam Ali (a.s) and his family members, but
above all, their will and determination got momentum on
every oppression and murder of innocents.

The oppressors, in the garb of Islaam, did all that they could,
with all that was at their disposal, to make the name of the
Holy Prophet S.A.W.W., Imaam Ali (a.s) and his household
members to become extinct, but they failed in every
endeavor. Even the followers and lovers of Ahlul Bayt were
killed in millions; but as their brutalities increased the
followers of truth increased at much more pace. The end

result is in front of us. The champions of truth and humanity
are remembered and revered all over the world, without
discrimination of race and religion, their glittering shrines are
the proof of their existence: This is the Power of Truth,
Power of Patience, Power of the Purity of Intention, Power
of Prosperity, Power of Pure Personality And Power of

On the contrary, one can not stumble on even one rotten
grave of those oppressors and despots. They have become
extinct specie. Even to name a new-born on the name of
those oppressors is considered a shameful act: this is the end
result of oppressors, usurpers, liars, satanic characters and

It was the evil intention of the oppressors to curtail the event
of Karbala so that people may not be aware of the lofty cause
of Imaam Hussain A.S. And for that purpose they are taken
aback when they see masses doing Azaadaari
(commemorating mourning for the Martyrs of Karbala)
in every corner of the earth. Our shedding of tears for the
tragedy of Karbala is pricking them in their hearts. May be
this is because that tragic event has a connection to a very
long chain back up to the olden times of Islaam! There are
many hypocritical and phony attacks on those who
commemorate the tragedy of Karbala. Surprisingly the
opponents say it is not allowed to weep over the dead. If it
was right what they say then history has recorded the Holy
Prophet S.A.W.W. shading tears on the sad demise of his son
Ibraahim. He also commanded people to go to the house of
Hazrat Hamza A.S. and commemorate his martyrdom. One
wonders how can a natural instinct expressing love and
affection could ever be prohibited.

One can refer to these Qur‟aanic verses which are in favour
of weeping: Surah-e-An‟aam, v.60; Surah-e-Al-Maaidah,
v.83; Surah-e-Banee Israaeel, v.107; Surah-e-Al-Baraa‟at,
v.5; Surah-e-Al-Baqarah, v.74; and Surah-e-Az-Zumar,

Prophet Adam A.S also wept on the death of Haabeel and he
recommended from generation to generation to weep for that
tragedy. Prophet Nooh A.S was named so because of his
excessive weeping. Prophet Yaaqub A.S. also wept for a long
time for his son Yoosuf A.S.

One may refer to Tawaarikhul Khulafaa, Sawaaiki Muhrika,
Tirmeezi, Mishqaat, Ghunyatut-Talibeen of Sheikh Abdul
Qaadir Jeelani and many more where it is clearly stated that,
“On the day of Aashoora seventy thousand angels
descended from the heavens to Karbala and they weep on
Imaam Hussain A.S. till Qayaamat.”

Weeping and shedding tears in remembrance of Imaam
Hussain A.S. is one of the ways to express our gratitude to
him that if it was not for his sacrifice then Islaam would have
been devoid of its real values, the Yezidites would have
crushed the religion under their accursed feet, it is only
because of Imaam Hussain that Islaam has survived gigantic
tornadoes of the enemies of Islaam. Moreover,
commemorating his martyrdom is also a way to express our
love towards the family members of the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. because we are indebted to him, and the Prophet
himself has directed towards it saying that he does not
want any wages for all the task he did except that we
should have MAWADDAT ( = love with reverence and
affection) towards his Ahlul Bayt. (“Qul Laa As‟alukum
Alayhi Ajran Illal Mawaddata Fil Qurba”, -H.Q.).

The main intention of the opponents of Azaadaari is that
people should not be aware of the misdeeds of their
predecessors who were Muslims in name only; they wish a
veil be set on the whole incidence of the tragedy of Karbala.
Because the chain linking to Karbala is going to the far end
upto those so-called venerable persons of early Islaam who
had laid down the foremost foundation of the massacre of
Karbala so if people knew the true face of those persons then
they will end in great disgrace and they shall be mocked at of
venerating and being the followers of such cruel and religion-
less persons. That is why there are all these hues and cries to

stop Azaadaari. Otherwise neither the tears are being made to
force out from their eyes nor are their chests being beaten. It
is we the Hussainies who shed tears, beat our chests, and
even do not draw back to giving our blood for the noble
cause of Imaam Hussain A.S. History has recorded such
events also that people gave away their precious lives only
for the reason that others may be allowed to visit the Holy
Shrine of Imaam Hussain A.S. to pay their tribute.

It is the power of purification that works behind such lofty
motives. One has to purify oneself from all worldly
attachments, its fake glittering, and transitory pleasures to
reach to such noble status of sacrifice. The reason for such
love of Ahlul Bayt is because we have a pure faith and
sincere inclination towards what the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W.
has commanded.

The then despot Abbasid ruler, Mutawakkil the accursed, was
very disturbed to see people thronging to the Holy Grave of
Imaam Hussain A.S. so he thought of an idea so as to stop
people going there. He laid down heavy tax on persons who
wished to go to the Holy Grave of Imaam Hussain A.S.
People did not get disheartened, they paid the money
howsoever much it was but went for Ziyaarat. So the
accursed Mutawakkil tried to level the Holy Grave to the
ground but miraculously it could not be done so. Then he
issued an order that anyone who wants to visit the Holy
Grave must have his hands or feet dismembered. People
readily gave their limbs but did not stop visiting the Holy
Grave. Atlast the order came out that those wishing to go to
the Holy Grave should sacrifice the life of one out of two
persons. Even then people did not fall back but gave their
lives willingly in love of Imaam Hussain A.S. Nothing could
hold back the lovers of truth to visiting the Holy Shrine of

Imaam Hussain A.S. and commemorating his martyrdom,
this has been a divine practice since those times and will
remains so upto the last day on earth. In the very recent past
it was seen that the Accursed Saddaam hanged some persons
whose only fault was that they were regularly visiting the
Holy Shrine of Imaam Hussain A.S.! Be there mountains of
strictness and atrocities but the people of truth shall
consistently maintain the command of the Holy Prophet
S.A.W.W. and shall do Azaadaari up to their last breathe.

The reason for our love towards Imaam Hussain A.S is very
simple. It is because he saved us from becoming irreligious,
barbarous and ignorant. He saved Islaam which is the true
religion of humanity with solid logical reasoning. Even
though the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. was foremost in the task
of transforming animalism of the people to an honourable
humanity through Islaam but it is also true that after the Holy
Prophet there occurred the reigns of many un-godly rulers
who were bent to revert the humanity to the age of ignorance
and barbarism. It is certainly true that no any other Prophet of
Allaah had taken so much trouble to establish the laws of
Allaah as much as the Holy Prophet of Islaam had done. He
had to bear the most cruel hardships from the people of
Makkah, he and his companions were abused with harsh
words and misbehaviors, he had to depart from his home
town, he had to bear the embargo and stay in a cave for three
long years under strict sanctions, his faithful companions
were tortured by the infidels, and he had also to bear with a
heavy heart disobedience from his companions while he was
on his death-bed. The most hard and strenuous task had been
undertaken by the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. which exceeded
all the previous Prophets, he had to bear physical as well as
mental troubles by the people.

After passing away the Holy Prophet history witnessed
atrocities towards Imaam Ali A.S. and then on Imaam Hasan
A.S. They did their best to mend the corrupted society but
they were not allowed sufficient time and were treacherously
murdered. At the time of Imaam Hussain A.S the dictator and
accursed Yazid s/o Muawiya thought of a plan to legalize all
evil and bad deeds on the name of Islaam and so for this
purpose he sought consent from the grandson of the Holy
Prophet, Imaam Hussain A.S., so that if only he gave his
hand of allegiance to Yazid then there was no problem from
anyone to protest. But Imaam Hussain A.S. saw that the
society at large was on its way to decaying and if it was not
salvaged then it could never again be done so. He boldly
denied what the accursed Yazid demanded. He was lured but
to no effect. He was threatened but that also was not
effective. So Yazid thought that if he was killed then his path
to barbarism would be cleared, and he brutally killed Imaam
Hussain and his faithful companions on the barren desert of
Karbala. Imaam Hussain A.S., his family members, and his
faithful companions were denied of drinking water for three
consecutive days and were put to brutal death by Yazid‟s
cruel forces.

The faithful, religious, and staunch companions of Imaam
Hussain (a.s) possessed as lofty intentions as of the
companions of Imaam Ali (a.s). This evidently manifested in
the battle of Karbala. Every one of them knew that they will
have to face thirst and hunger for three consecutive days in
that scorching heat of Arabia, and they will have to die
fighting the enemies in that condition, even then they did not
abandon Imaam Hussain (a.s). They sacrificed their lives
most willingly. In spite of Imaam Hussain (a.s) telling them
that, “The Yezidites are thirsty of my blood only, so you can

go away wherever you wish, and I am not at all displeased
with you.” But they never left him alone.

While Imaam Hussain (a.s) was heading towards Karbala his
caravan camped at a certain place. It so happened that
Zuhayr bin Qain was traveling on the same rout with his
trade caravan. Although Imaam Hussain (a.s) knew that
Zuhayr was of Uthmani path but he sent a word calling for
him; Zuhayr came to meet Imaam Hussain (a.s), they
discussed for a few moments and Zuhayr realized that Imaam
Hussain (a.s) was of the highest morals and sublime position,
so he immediately returned to his camp, relieved all his
servants, disposed all his wealth and himself marched off
willingly towards the camp of Imaam Hussain (a.s) to
sacrifice his life for the noble cause. On the day of Aashoora
when the time of Namaaz approached Zuhayr offered himself
to stand in front of Imaam Hussain (a.s) to protect him from
the oncoming arrows so long as the Imaam offered Namaaz.
He stood firmly obstructing all the arrows which were
directed towards the Imam. As soon as Imaam Hussain (a.s)
finished praying Zuhayr fell martyred. This was the spirit the
followers of right had preserved in their hearts.

When time comes for a person to realize the truth then no
obstacle can come in his way, howsoever hard it may be.
Hur bin Riyahi was an absolute example of the one who
realized truth. First he was a commander of Yazid‟s army.
But on the day of Aashoora he realized that truth was on the
opposite side. So he immediately changed his mind, he left
his high position in the army and proceeded towards the
camps of Imam Hussain (a.s), he begged his forgiveness and
went willingly to fight against the Yazidites until finally he
laid his life for the noble cause of Islaam.

A true follower of truth does not mind for the minority in
their number nor to the scarcity of the weapons, these factors
do not dishearten him. Truth itself is such a divine weapon to
which the deadliest of weapons becomes ineffective. The true
spirit of humanity is a sufficient means to fight thousands of
fully armed soldiers. Situation of being kept thirsty for three
days is unimaginable, but above all the hardships the martyrs
of Karbala achieved their aim through staunch faith they had
preserved. Moreover, it was not the case with the grown ups
only but the youth and children also had the same spirit and
firm determination in Karbala. Nobody had pushed them
forward to fight; they willingly went on the battlefield and
fought bravely before attaining to martyrdom.

Imaam Hussain (a.s)‟s young son Ali Akber A.S. had asked,
“Are we not on the right path?” The Imaam said,” Certainly
we are.” To that Ali Akber said, “So I don‟t worry whether
death comes to me or I go towards the death.” Imaam
Hussain (a.s)‟s nephew Kassim ibn Hasan A.S. who was
about ten years of age also urged the Imaam to allow him go
to fight the enemies, the Imaam asked him, “How does death
seem to you?” Kassim replied, “It is sweeter than honey to
me.” However he managed to get permeation to go to the
battle field, he fought the enemies and laid his life for the
cause of Imaam Hussain (a.s). There were also persons aged
eighty and ninety years such as Habeeb ibn Madhaahir and
Muslim ibn Awsija but they did not appeal for exemption,
they went to the battle field, fought valiantly and laid their
lives for the sake of humanity.

After the martyrdom of Imaam Hussain (a.s) Yazid the
accursed, and his associates became the sole and independent
rulers of the state, they thought they have won the battle and
everyone in their domain will be made subservient to them.

But they were grossly mistaken. They could never rule over
the hearts of people. They could only rule through their
swords, oppression, and torture. Even after the bloody
massacre of Karbala the true believers of Islaam never set
quiet nor was their spirit curbed by the fear of oppressors.
They possessed the same lion-hearted spirit inherited from
the family of Abu Talib (a.s). In fact it grew more active and
awakened then it was before. Instances of their velour and
bravery are replete in the history of Islaam

The accursed Ibn Ziyad was the governor of Koofa, when the
news of the martyrdom of Imaam Hussain (a.s) reached there,
he assembled the people and made a speech that, “God has
granted victory to the truthful people and has killed Husain
who was a liar.” He had not yet completed speaking his non
sense then an old man named Abdullah bin Afeef Azadi,
who was a true believer and a follower of Imaam Ali (a.s) got
up and challenged the governor saying loudly that, “O son of
Marjana, you people kill the descendent of the Holy
Prophet and then dare to stand on the pulpit which is meant
for the truthful people. You are a liar, your father was a
liar, and the one who made you a ruler is also a liar.” He
spoke the truth without any fear for his life. As a result he
was killed the next day.

During the oppressive Umayyad rule most people could not
express their feelings in fear of the oppressors. They could
nor did the people dare speak praises of the members of the
Holy Prophet.

But there were some amongst them who were brave enough

openly recited a Qasweeda in praises of Imaam Zaynul
Aabideen (a.s) in front of the cruel oppressor Hisham bin
Abdul Malik. It was not that Farzadaq wanted some reward
from the Imaam but it was a sincere manifestation of pure
love and ardent obedience for the people whom Allaah
spoke the truth and as a result he was imprisoned by the

All these incidents prove to show that the atrocities and
cruelties of Bani Umayya could never curb the spirit of the
above all, their will and determination got momentum on
every oppression and murder of innocents.

members to become extinct, but they failed in every
endeavor. Even the followers and lovers of Ahlul Bayt were
killed in millions; but as their brutalities increased the
followers of truth increased at much more pace. The end
are remembered and revered all over the world, without
discrimination of race and religion, their glittering shrines are
Power of Patience, Power of the Purity of Intention, Power
of Prosperity, Power of Pure Personality And Power of

It is an evident fact that one can not stumble on even one
stone of the rotten grave of those oppressors and despots who
were the enemies of the Holy Prophet‟s household members;
they have become extinct specie. Even to name a new-born

on the name of those oppressors is considered a shameful act:
this is the end result of oppressors, usurpers, liars, satanic
characters, world-lovers and specifically the enemies of
Ahlul Bayt A.S. While the Holy Shrines of Ahlul Bayt
gloriously stand shining day and night being revered and
visited by millions everyday upto the last day of the earth.

Yazid was grossly mistaken. Instead of victory he was a total
failure, while Imaam Hussain even though was apparently
killed but still lives a splendid and gorgeous life admired by
the truth lovers all around the globe. If atall Imaam Hussain
had not sacrificed his life Islaam was to be totally erased
from the world. But it is because of his great sacrifice that
Islaam was revived and humanity remained alive up to this
day. Therefore we shall ever be under the obligation of
Imaam Hussain A.S. for what he did for us to remain on the
straight path. Even if we forfeit our thousands lives his
supreme sacrifice can never be compensated with.

It is an irony of fate that the worldly people did not realize
the true value and bondship of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. It
is unimaginable and unestimatable to weigh his love towards
the creation of Allaah in general and his Ummaah in
particular. One incident reflects his affectionate bondship
with us. While he was to depart from this world he saw his
beloved daughter Lady Fatima Zahra S.A. was in great grief,
consoling her the Prophet said to her not to grieve and that
she shall meet him very soon. Then during the discussion
Lady Fatima asked him that where she would see him in the
Hereafter. The Prophet told her that he would be present at
the Pool (Hawdh-e-Kawthar) serving the people with cool
drink. She asked him if she could not trace him there then
where else she should go to see him. The Prophet said that he
would be present at the Meezaan (scales) where he would be

putting weight in the scale of good deeds of his Ummaah to
outweigh their bad deeds. Again she asked if he was not there
then where would he be present, and the Holy Prophet said
that he would be present at the boarder of the Hell rescuing
the people of his Ummaah from Hell fire. This clearly
manifests the Holy Prophet‟s most loving affection towards
us that he is always worried about us. Therefore there is no
reason why should we not have a sense of humanity towards
his command to love his Ahlul Bayt. Ignoring the Prophet‟s
command is surely a beastly way. If one has only been named
with a Muslim name it is of no use boasting to be a Muslim
unless he faithfully and affectionately follows the
commandments of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. And those
who are Muslim in name only are seen trumpeting various
imaginary Fatawa of Maulid to be Bid‟at, Ma‟atam Bid‟at,
Azaadaari Bid‟at, revering the Holy Shrines Bid‟at, and what

Moreover, those who do not consider the family members of
the Holy Prophet to be the revered ones are in reality the
debtors of the Holy Prophet. This is because the Holy
Prophet was once approached and requested to take a
considerable amount of riches being his wages in return to all
the tasks and troubles he had undertaken to mould the
devastated community into a civilized one, but by the
commandment of Allaah S.W.T. the Prophet declined to
accept those riches saying that his wages is that we should
love his Ahlul Bayt and thus adhere to their commands. “Qul
Laa As‟aluhum Alayhi Ajran Illal Mawaddata Fil
Qurba.” –H.Q. = Say I do not demand any wages from you
accept that you love my family members. So it is naturally
accepted that whoever does not behave as told by the Holy
Prophet is indebted to him and will have to pay heavily on
the Day of Judgement. Nay, it is yet a far period but in this

world his Namaaz, Hajj and other Ibaadaat are not to be
accepted because it is one of the conditions of Hajj that one
must be free from debt before going to Hajj, one must also
can‟t pray wearing the cloths which are unlawful, and the
place of prayer must also be lawful. Taking these and more
other conditions into account a debtor (who is actually an
enemy of Ahlul Bayt) gets nothing in credit with Allaah even
if s/he spends all the life in Fasting and worship and spends
ship-loads of gold and silver in charity.

Considering the above matter one may ask who the “Qurba”
are for whom we are commanded to love them. Literally
“Qurba” means those persons who are very closely related to
oneself. So Qurba of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. are his
Ahlul Bayt. When the Aayat of Mawaddat was revealed to
the Holy Prophet mentioning his Qurba some unscrupulous
persons, without having any qualification for it, tried their
best to be included in the honourary group of Ahlul Bayt but
as it is the law of nature they were expelled.

So‟alabi in his „Bayaan‟ writes on page 945, “When the
verse of „Mawaddat‟ was revealed some people asked the
Holy Prophet that who were meant by „Qurba‟ in that
verse? He (S.A.W.W) replied that they were Ali, Fatima,
Hasan and Hussain A.S.”

In the same manner it is recorded in Tafseere Durre Mansoor
of Imam Jalaluddin Suyooti, in volume 6 page 6-7. Then, in
„Tafseer Kabeer‟ of Imam Fakhruddin Raazi seventh volume
in page 4-6; in „Tafseer‟ of Qadhi Baydhavi volume 2 page
397. In „Tafseere Kash-shaaf of Zamakhshari Mahmood ibn
Umar volume 3 page 67. In‟Yanaabiul Mawaddat‟ of Sh.
Sulayman Hanafi Nakshbandi page 106. In „Zakhairul Uqba

Fee Manaakibe Zawil Qurba‟ of Muhiyuddin Tibri page 25,
and also in „Jaamea of Tirmeezi page 467.

All the above mentioned distinguished scholars have vividly
expressed the fact to be this, “Only Ali, Fatima, Hasan and
Hussain A.S. are the personalities meant by “Aaya-e-

The trumpeters of “Bid‟at” are never seen opposing the
system of paying respects to the fallen heroes of a country,
but when it comes to the fallen heroes of humanity they start
their evil machinations against it. And when they see replicas
of Alam, Ta‟aziya, and Taaboot they say it is also “Bid‟at”.
This is their clear ignorance of the laws of Islaam. They don‟t
dare ask why „Independence Days‟ and „Birth Days‟ are
observed, why „Me‟raaj‟ is celebrated, why „Laylatul Qadr‟
and „Eid-u-Dhohaa‟ are observed, why pictures of Makkah
and Madeena are revered instead of branding them statue-

We hold the tragic ceremonies of Karbala and revere these
replicas because they ultimately remind one of Allaah S.W.T.
In the Holy Qur‟aan it is commanded to respect and revere
the signs of Allaah. Surah Al-Maaidah, verse no:2 – “O you
who believe do not disrespect or dishonour the signs of
Allaah; also respect the revered months, and also regard
and honour for the animal of sacrifice, and of its neck-
belt also.” All those objects which refresh the minds by the
remembrance of Allaah are the signs of Allaah. In the above
mentioned Qur‟aanic verse there is a mention of the rope
which is bound around the animal of sacrifice, we are told to
respect even that piece of rope, why? Because it is related to
the animal of sacrifice, which is being taken for the purpose
of sacrificing in the name of Allaah S.W.T. Similarly

Taaboot, Alam and Ta‟aziya are related to the tragic event of
Karbala and that was solely for the purpose of reviving the
religion of Allaah. Therefore these revered replicas are solely
the objects that refresh remembrance of Allaah S.W.T.

Concerning „Shabeeh‟ or the holy replicas there are some
mentions about this in the Holy Qur‟aan also. In Surah Al-
Baqarah verse 24 it is said that a „Taaboot‟ (a wooden
replica or model) was sent by Allaah to Bani Israaeel who
always used to keep that with them while going to the war
front and they most probably were triumphant in the
war, but when they began disrespecting it Allaah S.W.T.
withdrew the Taaboot to the heavens and consequently it
caused the fall of Bani Israaeel.

In Surah Al-Sabaa verse 13 it says to this effect that Prophet
Sulaymaan A.S. was a praiseworthy Prophet and he had the
relics of previous Prophets and of their worship places also.
This suffices to show that there is no objection for relics and
replicas utilizing for the rememberence of good cause. The
world is full of monuments of those who laid down their lives
for a good cause to their country and its people, and people of
that nation celebrate anniversaries of those heroes keeping in
mind to follow in their footsteps. There is no any illogical
matter in it. We apply the same philosophy by making
replicas of Taaboot, Alam, Ta‟aziya, Joola, etc and pay our
respects to these revered objects so as to rejuvenate our
memory for the tragedy of Karbala and thus activate our
spirits with firm determination that when such times come
one should not bow down to an oppressor, and that one
should always fight for the truth to upkeep the ideology of
humanity and morality. There is always logic in our every
ritual; nobody can dare point a finger to any of our laws to be
devoid of logic. Hues, shouts and cries to prevent

commemoration of the Martyrs are certainly because of
prejudice, ignorance of religion, or weak-mindedness.
Moreover, we commemorate the tragedy of Karbala every
year because it is of great benefit to keep the rememberence
of good cause always alive in our minds lest the irreligious
people draw our attention to other unworthy objects which
leads to the way to Hell.

We also refute those who falsely blame that we worship the
objects of „Shabeeh‟. We always worship One Allaah S.W.T.
Who is the Creator of the universe and is the Nourisher, the
Most Powerful, Omnipotent and Supreme Power., there is no
any god besides Him. We always aim to reach to the highest
peak of perfection so as to be as near as possible to reach to
Allaah, and these objects of „Shabeeh‟ are one of the means
for our aim because these are the intermediaries which take
us to the nearness of Allaah. The Holy Prophet commanded
to follow, adhere, and revere the Book of Allaah together
with his Holy Household Members (Ahlul Bayt), and the
„Shabeeh‟ is related to them. Therefore we show our respect
to the commandment of the Holy Prophet while those who
show disregard to „Shabeeh‟ are undoubtedly the opponents
of the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. His famous saying is that
“Hussain is from me and I am from Hussain”. The first
phrase can be understood easily but the second one which
says that he is from Hussain actually means that his mission
will be kept alive through Hussain. And it is a fact that when
the religion of his grandfather was sinking it was non but
Imaam Hussain A.S. who boldly came forward to save it
from the satanic clutched of the devil-spirited Yezidites.


As we have been adorned with full senses and intellect by
Almighty Allaah S.W.T. it is then quite easy to judge whom
should we accept as our guide. So,

(1) Would you prefer a person who had hatred and disgust in
    his heart towards the Holy Prophet S.A.W.W. ? And
(2) Who had fought fiercely against the Prophet? And
(3) Who had deprived the Prophet to stay at the town of his
    birth place? And
(4) Had tortured the Prophet‟s family and followers? And
(5) Did not follow the Prophet‟s instructions? And
(6) Had doubted in the mission of the Prophet? And
(7) Who often fled the battle-field abandoning the Prophet in
        the midst of enemies? And

  (8) Who had tried to kill the Prophet? And
  (9) Who had accepted Islaam unwillingly? And
(10) Had oppressed the family members of the Holy Prophet?
(11) Had deprived their rights? And
(12) Had given fatal injuries to the Prophet‟s revered
      daughter? And
(13) Had poisoned the grandsons of the Holy Prophet? And
(14) Massacred the grandsons of the Holy Prophet? And
(15) Who was determined to uproot the religion of Islaam by
      any evil means? And
(16) Were habituated to intoxication, gambling, and many evil
      deeds? And
(17) Were not knowledgeable? And
(18) Misappropriated the property of Muslims? And
(19) Did not have any respect for the pious companions of the
      Holy Prophet? And
(20) As a natural punishment they have neither any of the
      traces of their graves nor are they remembered by people.

 Or you would go for accepting your guide, your Imaam and
 Khalifa the person having these merits:

     (1) The one who remained in the company of the Holy
         Prophet S.A.W.W. since his very childhood. And
     (2) Who strictly followed on the footsteps of the Prophet.
     (3) Who sincerely obeyed the Holy Prophet. And
     (4) Who never doubted about the mission of the Holy
         Prophet. And
     (5) Who was loved by the Holy Prophet. And
     (6) Who stood by the side of the Holy Prophet in all
         circumstances. And

(7) Who never left the battle field fearing the enemies.
(8) Who was the bravest and most fearless of all. And
(9) Whose knowledge of everything was boundless. And
(10) Who was appointed by the Holy Prophet as his
    immediate successor on several occasions. And
(11) Who was accepted by the Holy Prophet as his
    brother in this world and in the Hereafter. And
(12) Who had won many battles after the so-called
    champions had returned unsuccessful. And
(13) Who was declared as the Mawla (Chief, Guide,
    Leader, Caliph and Imaam) by the Holy Prophet at
    various instances. And
(14) For whom the Holy Prophet had said that whoever
    did not love him was a hypocrite. And
(15) Who endured the oppressions of the ruling parties
    for the only sake of saving Islaam and Muslims. And
(16) Who had sacrificed all that he had for the sake of
    saving the religion of Islaam? And
(17) Whom Allaah and His Prophet loved. And
(18) In whose respect various praiseworthy Ayats of the
      Holy Qur‟aan were revealed. And
(19) Who readily accepted to sacrifice his life instead of
      the Holy Prophet‟s life in the night of Hijrat. And
(20) Whose bravery was praised by Jibraeel on the day
      of Khandaq who said,
              “LAA FATAA ILLAA ALI,

Considering all these solid factors, - (a) Qur‟aanic
injunctions, (b) Prophetic traditions, (c) previous
Prophets‟ traditions of appointing their successors, and
(d) thinking with a sober mind, one have no choice except
to believe in the fact that Imaam Ali A.S. was the first

  Imaam and Caliph immediately after the Holy Prophet;
  considering otherwise, the Muslim Ummaah can be
  termed as a “Leaderless Nation.”



Commentary of Holy Qur‟an, by S.V.Mir Ahmed Ali.
The Qur‟an and Modern Science, by Maurice Bucaille.
„Towards Peace‟ by Al-Balagh Foundation.
„For the Men of Understanding‟, by Harun Yahya.
The Qur‟an in Islam, by Allaamah Sayyid M.H.Tabatabai.
A look at the Book of Allaah, by Al-Balagh Foundation.
Prologomena of the Qur‟an, by Sayyid Al-Khui (D.DH.).
Lights from the Qur‟anic Learnings, by H.Haeri Kermani.
The Spread of Islam, by A.Ezzati.
The Voice of Human Justice, by George Jordac.
Calipate of Caliphs
The Saqifa, by Allaamah Muhammad Raza Al-Mudhaffar.
Ali The Magnificent, by Yousuf N.Lalji.
Fatima The Gracious, by A.Muhawesh.

S.W.T. = Sub‟haanahoo Wa Ta‟aala = The Glorious The Most High.
H.Q.= Holy Qur‟an.
S.A.W.W. = Swallallaahu Alayhi Wa Aalihi Wasallam -
          = May Peace Be Upon Him And His Holy Progeny.
A.S.= Alayhis-Salaam = May Peace Be Upon Him.
a.s. =  ”      ”         ”        ”
S.A.= Salaamul-Laahi Alayha = May Peace Be Upon Her.

A destitute is the messenger of Allaah, whoever denies him denies
Allaah, and whoever gives him gives Allaah. - Imaam Ali (A.S)
him then do not be disappointed because often you will find someone
else feels under your obligation though you have done nothing for him
and thus your good deeds will be compensated , and God will reward
you for your goodness.                         - Imaam Ali (A.S)
One who can not benefit by patience will die of grief and excitement.
                                               - Imaam Ali (A.S)
O son of Adam! Whatever you have collected more then your actual
need, you are not going to use, you will act only as a trustee for
someone else.                                 - Imaam Ali (A.S)
One who seeks advices learns to recognize mistakes.
                                              - Imaam Ali (A.S)
To be friendly with others denotes half of wisdom.
                                             - Imaam Ali Ridhaa (A.S)
A generous man is close to God, close to Paradise, and close to
                                         - Imaam Ali Ridhaa (A.S)
Tolerance, knowledge and silence are the signs found in a
                                            - Imaam Ali Ridhaa (A.S)
A generous man will eat others‟ food so that they might partake of his
food. A miser refuses to eat the food of others in order to deprive them
of his own food.                            - Imaam Ali Ridhaa (A.S)
He who desires to postpone the time of his disease and wishes to have
his sustenance increased should observe ties of kinship.
                                            - Imaam Ali Ridhaa (A.S)


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