List of ethnic slurs

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However the complexity of the issue of the listing and usage of such terms needs to be noted. For instance, many of the terms listed below (such as "Gringo", "Yank", etc.) are used by large numbers of human beings in many parts of the world as part of their ordinary speech or thinking without any intention of causing offence, and with little or no evidence that such usage does in fact cause much or indeed any offence, while the implicit or explicit labeling of such large numbers of people as racists (or similar terms such as prejudiced, bigoted, ethnophobic, xenophobic, etc.), simply because they use some words on the list below, can itself be deeply unfair and insensitive and can thus cause deep offence.



Abbie, Abe, and Abie
Ali Baba
(US) an Iraqi.[5]
Alligator bait
(US) a black person.[8]
Arabush (ערבוש)
(Israel) Arabs, derived from Hebrew "Aravi" (Arab) which is itself inoffensive.[10]
(US) an Armenian/Armenian American.[11] Especially used in Southern California.[12]
Aunt Jemima / Aunt Jane / Aunt Mary / Aunt Sally


Beaner / Beaney
(US) people of Mexican descent or, more specifically, mestizos of Central American descent.[15][16][17] The term originates from the use of frijoles pintos and other beans in Mexican food.[17][18]
Mostly used during the French colonization of Algeria as a derogatory term to describe Algerian Muslims.[19]
(US) an African-American perceived as being lazy and who refuses to work.[20]
Boche / bosche / bosch
a person who hates, prejudices or criticises the Boers, or Afrikaners – historically applied to British people prejudiced against the Boers.[22][23][24]
Bog Irish / Bogtrotter / Bog-trotter
(UK, Ireland, US) a person of common or low-class Irish ancestry.[25][26]
Boong / bong / bung
(Aus) Australian aboriginal.[28] Boong, pronounced with ʊ (like the vowel in bull), is related to the Australian English slang word bung, meaning "dead", "infected", or "dysfunctional". From bung, to go bung "Originally to die, then to break down, go bankrupt, cease to function [Ab. bong dead]".[29] First used in 1847 by J. D. Lang, Cooksland, 430.[29]
Boonga / boong / bunga / boonie
(New Zealand) a Pacific Islander [alteration of boong].[30]
an African American.[31]
Bounty bar
A racially-black person who is considered to be behaving like a white person.[32]
b. (US) a young, brown-skinned person 1940s–1950s.[33]
(US) an Asian.[34] Also used by mainland Japanese Americans to refer to Hawaiian Japanese Americans since World War II.[35]
(Indonesian) a foreigner, particularly Caucasians. Means Albino; sometimes used in pejorative manner.[36]
a. a black person.[37]
Burrhead / Burr-head / Burr head
(US) a black person (referencing stereotypical hair type).[38]


Camel Jockey
people of Middle Eastern descent.[39]
b. (Vietnam War military slang) Slang term used by American troops as a shorthand term for Vietnamese guerrillas. Derived from the verbal shorthand for "Victor Charlie", the NATO phonetic alphabet for VC, the abbreviation for Viet Cong.[41] Other references to the Viet Cong included "Mr. Charles" as a rueful admission of the skill at asymmetric warfare.[42]
Chee-chee, Chi-chi
an Anglo-Indian or Eurasian half-caste, probably from Hindi chi-chi fie!, literally, dirt.[43]
people who are Dutch.[44]
Cheese-eating surrender monkey
A poor Finnish-American.[46]
Ching Chong
(US, Canada, UK) mocking the language of or a person of perceived Chinese or East Asian descent. An offensive term that has raised considerable controversy, for example when used by comedian Rosie O'Donnell.[47] (Some Chinese languages/dialects are tonal languages.)
(US, UK) people of Chinese or East Asian descent.[49][50]
Chonky, Chunky
refers to a person of Chinese heritage with white attributes, in either personality or appearance.[51][52]
Christ killer
a Jew,[53][54] an allusion to Jewish deicide.
Used in Latin America[55] and the Southwestern United States[56][57] to refer to people of perceived Mestizo descent, especially teenagers and young people in the lowrider subculture.[55] It may be derogatory depending on circumstances.[56][58]
(Canada) refers to an individual of aboriginal descent.[59] See Chugach for the native people.
(US) a person of Hispanic descent who is accused of acting "white".[60]
(US/SA) a black person who is accused of "trying to be white".[61][62]
(UK) a brown person of South Asian descent who has assimilated into Western culture.[63][64][65]
(North America) unskilled Asian labor, usually Chinese (originally used in 19th-century for Chinese railroad labor). Possibly from Hindi kuli, day laborer.[67] Also racial epithet for Indo-Caribbean people, especially in Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago and South African Indians.
(US, UK and Australia) a black person. Possibly from Portuguese barracão, a building constructed to hold slaves for sale (1837).[68][69] Popularized by the song "Zip Coon", played at Minstrel shows in the 1830s.
Coonass, or Coon-ass
(US) a person of Cajun ethnicity.[70]
(US) a poor Appalachian or poor Southerner, a white person, first used in the 19th century.[71] It is sometimes used specifically to refer to a native of Florida or Georgia, sometimes positively or self-descriptively.[72] Also used in a more general sense in North America to refer to white people disparagingly.
a black person,[73] especially a black woman.
(Australia, Africa, New Zealand, North America) a person of South Asian origin.[74][verification needed]
Cushi, also spelled Kushi (כושי)


Dago, Dego
a. (UK and Commonwealth) refers to Italians, Spaniards, or Portuguese, possibly derived from the Spanish name, "Diego,"[76] a corruption of the title Hidalgo (member of the Gentry, from Spanish > hijo de algo "son of someone [important]", its Portuguese cognate fidalgo (filho de algo), or the Sardinian language first person pronoun, dego).
b. (US) An Italian or person of Italian descent.[77]
Dal Khor
Darky / darkey / darkie
noun. a black person.[79] See also Minstrel show.
Dogan, dogun
derogatory term for South Asians.[82]
Dune coon
(US) an Arab.[83] By analogy with sand nigger, below.


Eight ball
a black person; slang, usually used disparagingly[84]


(United States) ethnic slur applied to Filipinos.[86]


a black person.[37][91]
(Japan) a term for any non-Japanese person. Shortened form of Gaikokujin (person from another country).[92]
(AUS) an Aboriginal woman.[93]
Gin jockey
Gook-eye, Gooky, Gook
Asians, used especially for enemy soldiers.[96] Its use has been traced to US Marines serving in the Philippines in the early 20th century.[96][97] The earliest recorded example is dated 1920.[98] It gained widespread notice as a result of the Korean and Vietnam wars.[96]
(India and Pakistan) a white person[99]
Goy, Goyim, Goyum
A Hebrew biblical term for "Nation" or "People".[100] By Roman times it had also acquired the meaning of "non-Jew". In English, usage may be controversial, it can be assigned pejoratively to non-Jews.[101][102][103]
Greaseball, Greaser
A person of Italian descent.[104] It can also refer to any person of Mediterranean / Southern European descent or Hispanic descent.
A White person from an English-speaking country. Used in Spanish-speaking regions - chiefly Latin America, but sometimes used by Latino Americans. In Mexico only means an American.[105] Used in Spanish-speaking regions Also used in Portuguese-speaking Brazil. Likely from the Spanish word "griego", meaning Greek. The use of the term Greek for something foreign or unintelligible is also seen in the similar expression "it's Greek to me".[106][107]
(US) A black person. Derived from "negroid".[108]
Gub, Gubba
(AUS) Aboriginal term for white people[109]
Guizi (鬼子)
(US) An Italian-American male. Derives from the Italian given name, Guido. Used mostly in the Northeastern United States as a stereotype for working-class urban Italian-Americans.[110] A female equivalent may be guidette.[111]
Guinea, Ginzo
Gweilo, gwailo, or kwai lo (鬼佬)
Gyppo, gippo, gypo, gyppie, gyppy, gipp
a. A Romani people.
b. (UK and Australia) Egyptians.[114] These are variations of "Gypsy", the most common word in English for people of Romani origin. "Gypsy" is not in itself an ethnic slur but its usage is sometimes controversial.


(South Africa) a term for Afrikaners[115]
Hajji, Hadji, Haji
Heeb, Hebe
(US) a Jewish person, derived from the word "Hebrew".[118][119]
(US) term for Americans of Appalachian or Ozark heritage.[120]
Honky also spelled "honkey" or "honkie"
a. (US and UK) Germans, especially German soldiers; popular during World War I.[123] Derived from a speech given by Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany to the German contingent sent to China during the Boxer Rebellion in which he exhorted them to "be like Huns" (i.e., savage and ruthless) to their Chinese enemy.
b. An offensive term for a Protestant in Northern Ireland or historically, a member of the British military in Ireland ("Britannia's huns").[124][125][126]


Ikey / ike / iky
a Jew [from Isaac][128]
Ikey-mo / ikeymo
a Jew [from Isaac and Moses][129]
an Indonesia. Used mostly in Malaysia and Singapore.[130][131]
a Native American, corrupted "Indian".[132]


"Jungle bunny" redirects here. For literal rabbits living in a rainforest, see Sumatran Striped Rabbit.
b. (US, Post-WWII, usually written JAP) an acronym for "Jewish-American Princess", a pejorative stereotype of certain Jewish-American females as materialistic or pampered.
Japie, yarpie
a white, rural South African [from plaasjapie, "farm boy"][133]
b. a German soldier [Probably an alteration of German].[134] Origin of Jerry can.
(US and UK)[135] term for a black person with stereotypical black features (e.g. dark skin, wide nose, and big lips).[136] Jiggaboo or jigabo is from a Bantu verb tshikabo, meaning meek or servile.[137]
Jock, jocky, jockie
Jungle bunny
(US and UK) a black person.[139]


Kaffir, kaffer, kaffir, kafir, kaffre, kuffar
a. (South Africa) a black person.
(Burmese) derogatory word for its Muslim citizens who are "Black-skinned" or "undesirable aliens".[142]
Kike or kyke
a Korean person.
a white person. Very offensive, particularly when used towards those unaffiliated with the Ku Klux Klan.
Kraut (from Sauerkraut)
(North America and Commonwealth) US and British term for a German,[144] most specifically during World War II.


(AUS) A Lebanese person, usually a Lebanese Australian.
an Australian Aboriginal woman.[146]
a Lithuanian.[147][148]


originally used by francophone colonists in Central Africa's Belgian Congo to refer to the native population; use has expanded to other groups, including North Africans and Indians.
Mack, Mick, Mickey, Mickey Finn
(Bangladesh) Hindus.
Moon Cricket/Mooncricket
Black person.[150][151]
Black person. The word is a corruption of melanzane, an Italian word for eggplant. Also called a mouli.[152][153]


a young black person.[154]
(UK) a black person.[155] – note alternative original mildly derogatory meaning in the UK: "a novice; a foolish or naive person"[156]
Night Fighter
a black person.
(CAN) a North American Indian [From the Algonquian word for "friend"].[158]
Northern Monkey
(UK) used in the south of England, relating to the supposed stupidity and lack of sophistication of those in the north of the country.[159] In some cases this has been adopted in the north of England, with a pub in Leeds even taking the name 'The Northern Monkey'.[160] (see also Southern Faerie)


(US) black on the outside and white on the inside, hinted by the appearance of an Oreo cookie.[163][164] Used as early as the 1960s.[165]



(New Zealand) a Maori term for a white person.

(United Kingdom) directed towards South Asians (and sometimes Middle Eastern people) (shortened from Pakistani).[167][168]
Pancake Face, Pancake
an Asian person[169]
Paper brother (文哥)
(China) a white or light-skinned person.[170][171] Female equivalent is obviously paper sister (妹纸).[172][173] Considered offensive but labeled accepted.
Used by southern African-Americans and upper-class whites to refer to poor rural whites.[174][175]
Pepper or Pepsi
(Canada) a French Canadian or Québécois.[176][177] Derived from the Anglo-Canadian jibe that their stereotypically bad dental hygiene was due to drinking Pepsi or Dr Pepper for breakfast.
a black child, or a caricature of one.
(Austria) a. a Prussian. (historically)
b. a German.
Pikey / piky / piker
b. Gypsy.
Plastic Paddy
(Ireland) a non-Irish person who claims to be Irish.[179]
Pocho / pocha
(Southwest US, Mexico) adjective: term for a person of Mexican heritage who is partially or fully assimilated into American culture (literally, "diluted, watered down (drink); undersized (clothing)").[180] (See also "Chicano")
(Primarily US) a Pole or a person of Polish or Slavic origin,[181] from the Polish endonym, Polak (see Name of Poland). Note: the proper Swedish demonym for Polish people is polack[182] and the Norwegian equivalent is polakk.[183]
Pom, Pohm, Pommy, Pommie, Pommie Grant
Porch monkey
a black person[184] referring to perceived common behavior of groups hanging out on front porches or steps of urban apartment complexes in US cities.
Prairie nigger
Native American[185]


(caribbean) a black person,[37] often gullible or unsophisticated.[186] From the West African name Kwazi, often given to a child born on a Sunday[91]


Arabs, Indian Sikhs and some other peoples, for wearing traditional headdress such as turbans or keffiyehs.[187] Sometimes used generically for all Islamic nations. See Towel head.
is a stereotypical term traditionally associated with African Americans in the United States.[188]
(Bengali) akin to the western term Judas.[189]
(Barbados) the islands' laborer-class whites.
(US) Southern laborer-class whites.[190] Not to be confused with rooinek (literally "red neck"), South African slang for a person of British descent.
Native Americans, used in the names of several sports teams in the US.[191]
(English-speaking Asians) a white or non-Asian person.[192]


(US) an African-American, black, or sometimes a South Asian person.[193]
Sand nigger
somewhat pejorative term for people of Scandinavia descent living in the USA, now often embraced by Scandinavian descendants.[99][197][198][199]
Seppo, Septic
(Australian/British) An American. (Cockney rhyming slang: Septic tankYank)[200]
Schvartse, Schwartze
Literally "black", a Yiddish or German term for someone of African descent.[201]
(US) a 19th-century term for an "untrustworthy Jew."[202]
Sheep shagger
(UK) a Welsh person.[203]
Shiksa (Yiddish)
(US) a black person (from shoeshiner).[205]
Shkutzim (Yiddish)
non-Jewish men, especially those perceived to be anti-Semitic. The singular is sheigetz.[100]
Sideways vagina/pussy/cooter
Asian women, particularly Chinese women.[206]
(US) A term for Somali militia fighters[207]
Slope, slopehead, slopy, slopey, sloper
Smoked Irish / smoked Irishman
a black person [originated in the US in the 1950s][209]
Southern Faerie, Southern Fairy
a black person, recorded since 1928 (OED), from the playing cards suit.[211]
A term used for an African American, or other person of African descent.[212]
Spic, spick, spik, spig, or spigotty
b. the Spanish language.[213]
a black person,[214] attested from the 1940s.[215]
a Caucasian person, esp. German. Refers to either the stereotyped shape of their heads, or to the shape of the Stahlhelm M1916 steel helmet,[216] or to its owner's stubbornness (like a block of wood).
(US and CAN) a female Native American.[217] Derived from lower East Coast Algonquian (Massachuset: ussqua),[218] which originally meant "young woman", but which took on strong negative connotations in the late 20th century. (The equivalent derisive for a male is "buck", and for a child, "papoose".)
Swamp Guinea
a black person.


Taffy or Taff
Taig (also Teague, Teg and Teig)
used by loyalists in Northern Ireland for members of the nationalist/Catholic/Gaelic community. Derived the Irish name Tadhg, often mistransliterated as Timothy.[221][222]
Tar-Baby (UK, US, and NZ)
a black child.[223] Also used to refer without regard to race to a situation from which it is difficult to extricate oneself. See tar baby.
(British) A black person. [19th century][224]
(Southern Scotland) somebody from the north of Scotland or rural Scottish areas.[225]
(UK) a black person.[37]
Timber nigger
Native Americans.[226]
Towel head
a person who wears a turban. Often refers specifically to an Arab or Muslim—based on their habit of wearing keffiyehs.[228]
Touch of the tar brush
(South Wales) Often used to describe a person from Llanelli. The origin of this is uncertain, some theories suggest it due to Llanelli's popularity with Turkish sailors in the late 19th to early 20th century or possibly when Turkish migrants heading for the US stopped in Llanelli and decided to settle due to there being jobs available, however most likely it's due to the fact that during World War One there was a trade embargo in place during Gallipoli, but Llanelli continued to trade tin with the Turkish, this lead to people from neighbouring Swansea and other surrounding areas to refer to them as Turks.[230]
(American Indian) a European American, with little or no social or blood links to any tribe, who claims to be an American Indian (Native American).[231] or an Asian American who has become completely integrated into White American, or mainstream American culture.[232]


Ukrop (literally "dill" in fact a pun
ukrainian<->ukrop) a disparaging term used by Russians to refer to Ukrainians.[233]
Uncle Tom
a black person perceived as behaving in a subservient manner to white authority figures.[234]


(US) an illegal immigrant into the United States. Originally applied specifically to Mexican migrant workers who had crossed the Rio Grande border river illegally to find work in the United States, its meaning has since broadened to anyone who illegally breaks into the United States across its southern border.[235]
Wigger / Whigger / Wigga (White Nigger)
a term for a Caucasian.[237]
(UK and Commonwealth) any swarthy or dark-skinned foreigner. Possibly derived from "golliwogg"[238] In Britain, it usually refers to dark skinned people from Asia or Africa, though some use the term to refer to anyone outside the borders of their own country. In Australia, the term "wog" is usually used to refer to Southern Europeans and Mediterraneans (Albanians, Greeks, Italians, Spaniards, Lebanese, and others).
(North America and UK) anyone of Italian descent, derived from the Italian dialectism, "guappo," close to "dude, swaggerer" and other informal appellations, a greeting among male Neapolitans.[239] Wop is also an acronym for "without papers."


see Japie.
designating or pertaining to an Asian person, in reference to those who have a yellowish skin color.[241]
from Dutch, possibly from Janke ("Johnny") or a dialectical variant of Jan Kaas ("John Cheese").[240] First applied by the Dutch colonists of New Amsterdam to Connecticuters and then to other residents of New England, "Yankee" remains in use in the American South in reference to Northerners, often in a mildly pejorative sense.
a Jew, from its use as an endonym among Yiddish-speaking Jews.[242]


Zip, Zipperhead
an Asian person. Used by American military personnel during the Korean War and Vietnam War. Also seen in the films Platoon, Apocalypse Now, Full Metal Jacket, Premium Rush and Gran Torino.[243][244][245] The phrase "zips in the wire" from Platoon has also been used outside of this context. See also "Zip" in List of disability-related terms with negative connotations.

See also[edit]


  1. ^ Richard A. Spears, Slang and Euphemism (2001), p. 1.
  6. ^ Speers (2001), p. 6.
  7. ^ Hugh Rawson, Wicked Words, (1989), p. 19.
  11. ^ Dalton, C.H. (2007). A Practical Guide to Racism. Gotham Books. p. 139. ISBN 1-59240-348-4. 
  12. ^ Samkian, Artineh (2008). Constructing Identities, Perceiving Lives: Armenian High School Students' Perceptions of Identity and Education. ProQuest. p. 129. ISBN 9780549482574. 
  13. ^ Green (2005), p. 36.
  14. ^ "The Confession of a Banana". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  15. ^ Booth, William (September 28, 2005). "The Mouth of Mencia". The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  16. ^ "San Diego's top Latino cop retires", from The San Diego Union-Tribune, September 1, 2005
  19. ^ Dominelli, Lena (1986). Love and Wages: the impact of imperialism, State intervention and women's domestic labour on workers' control in Algeria 1962-1972. Novata. p. 123. 
  21. ^ Duden Deutsches Universalwörterbuch.
  28. ^ Moore, op. cit. [Accessed 6 May 2006].
  29. ^ a b Wilkes, G. A. A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms, Sydney: Fontana/Collins, 1978, p. 62.
  33. ^ a b Green, op. cit. p. 154.
  37. ^ a b c d e Spears (2001), p. 118.
  40. ^ James Baldwin's novel, Blues For Mr. Charlie
  44. ^ "Canto, Volume 3", p. 1, Pat Goodheart
  45. ^ Gary Younge and Jon Henley (11 February 2003). "Wimps, weasels and monkeys – the US media view of 'perfidious France'". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  46. ^
  49. ^ Simpson, "Chinky"
  50. ^ Pekin, Illinois#Education
  55. ^ a b "cholo". Oxford English Dictionary. 
  56. ^ a b "cholo". Random House Dictionary. 
  57. ^ Hendrickson, Robert. The Facts on File Dictionary of American Regionalisms. 
  61. ^ "Coconuts and Oreos". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  68. ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary: coon". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  73. ^ "crow." Webster's (accessed 12 March 2006).
  74. ^ Fuller, Alexandra (26 April 2005). Scribbling the Cat: Travels with an African Soldier. Penguin Group US. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-101-11880-1. Retrieved 11 April 2014. 
  75. ^ Stuart Winer, "Israeli boss who mistreated, demeaned Ethiopian-born worker ordered to pay up. Court awards NIS 71,000 in compensation to Awaka Yosef, whose employer cut his salary and called him ‘kushi’", Times of Israel, December 23, 2012.
  78. ^
  79. ^ "AskOxford: darky". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  80. ^ "dink". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  90. ^ "frog". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  91. ^ a b Brewers Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
  94. ^ Wilkes (1978), 155-6.
  96. ^ a b c "gook". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  100. ^ a b "?". Retrieved 5 April 2010. 
  101. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition.
  103. ^ "The word goy means literally "nation", but has come to mean "Gentile", sometimes with a derogatory connotation." Diane Wolfthal. Picturing Yiddish: gender, identity, and memory in the illustrated Yiddish books of Renaissance, Brill Academic Publishers, 2004, p. 59, footnote 60, ISBN 90-04-11742-3.
  104. ^ "Greaseball". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  107. ^ "Gringo". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 18 September 2013. 
  108. ^ "An Accused Cop Killer's Politics". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  109. ^ "Mr Gub ... the white man. The word is the diminutive of garbage." Wilkes, op. cit., 167.
  111. ^ Caryn Brooks, "Italian Americans and the G Word: Embrace or Reject?", Time, December 12, 2009.
  114. ^ Simpson, "gyppo", op. cit.
  115. ^ Ruth Wajnryb (September 27, 2003). "A hairy area in which to dice with semantics". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  117. ^ "haole". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  123. ^ "Hun". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  126. ^ Foggy Dew (Irish ballad)
  128. ^ Simpson. "ikey", loc. cit.
  129. ^ Loc cit. "ikeymo"
  131. ^
  132. ^ "Injun". Retrieved 23 August 2010. 
  133. ^ "yarpie, n., Allwords". Retrieved 25 February 2014. 
  134. ^ "Jerry," Simpson, op. cit.
  136. ^ Simpson, "jigaboo", op. cit.
  139. ^ Simpson, "jungle"
  140. ^ "Kaffir", Webster's.
  142. ^ New Mandala. Intolerance, Islam and the Internet in Burma By Sai Latt, Guest Contributor – 10 June 2012
  144. ^ "AskOxford: Kraut". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  145. ^ "limey". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  146. ^ Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2004), p. 850.
  151. ^ "The Racial Slur Database". 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014. 
  152. ^ "Se infatti gli italiani chiamano i neri 'mulignan', accomunandoli appunto alle 'melanzane' per il colore della pelle, sono essi stessi definiti storicamente come 'guinea′", Simona Cappellari, Giorgio Colombo Fiorini, Letteratura italoamericana, 2008, p. 79.
  155. ^ "Nig-nog" Webster's
  156. ^ "nig-nog" Oxford English Dictionary
  157. ^ "Nip", Webster's, Accessed 11 March 2006.
  158. ^ "Nitchie", Simpson, op. cit.
  159. ^ "Northern Monkey". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  160. ^ "The Northern Monkey". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  167. ^ "pak", Webster's, accessed 4 April 2006; Simpson. "Paki", loc. cit.
  168. ^ Bhatia, Rajni (June 11, 2007). "After the N-word, the P-word". BBC News. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  170. ^ 用英语脏话反对种族歧视 Example of its use (Chinese)
  171. ^ 國父搞笑變「文哥」！　總統好high讚創意 - Yahoo奇摩新聞 Use on Asian people (Chinese)
  172. ^ 一位白人妹纸对亚洲男的看法_视频在线观看 - Another example of use (Chinese)
  173. ^ [BOMB.TV]木口亜矢 秋山莉奈 佐藤里香 虎南有香 小倉優子 [165P] - 搜妹子 - 搜妹纸 Use on Asian people (Chinese)
  176. ^ David Williams. "Review of Spoken Here: Travels Among Threatened Languages by Mark Abley" 4 (2). The Oxonian Review of Books. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  178. ^ Simpson, "pikey" op. cit.
  180. ^ Ibid. p. 773.
  187. ^ "What do we all have in common?". London: The Sun Online. January 30, 2007. [dead link]
  192. ^ Spears (2001), p. 295.
  193. ^ Boskin, Joseph (1986) Sambo, New York: Oxford University Press
  196. ^ Simpson, "sawney", op. cit.
  203. ^ "Man fined for racism after Welsh sheep slur". The Daily Telegraph (London). 28 April 2013. 
  207. ^ Bowden, Mark (1999). Black Hawk Down. 
  209. ^ Simpson, "sooty". loc. cit.
  213. ^ Rawson, loc. cit. p. 370.
  214. ^ "spook". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  215. ^ Harper, Douglas. "spook". Online Etymology Dictionary. 
  216. ^ "Well-Known Nicknames". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  218. ^ Random House Unabridged Dictionary.
  220. ^ Simpson, "taffy", op. cit.
  222. ^ Paul Majendie (29 November 1986). "taig". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 2004-11-04. Retrieved 1 November 2013. On Belfast’s Walls, Hatred Rules 
  223. ^ Simpson, "tar", op. cit.
  224. ^ Green, loc. cit. p. 1185.
  225. ^ "?". 
  227. ^ Simpson, "tinker", op. cit.
  229. ^ John Akomfrah 1991 A Touch of the Tarbrush (TV Documentary) 1991
  230. ^ Waller, Robert; Criddle, Byron (1999). The Almanac of British Politics. Almanac of British Politics (Psychology Press). p. 326. ISBN 978-0-415-18541-7. 
  233. ^ Putin unapologetic, uncompromising on war against Ukraine, Kyiv Post (Dec. 18, 2014)
  237. ^ "Whitey". Princeton WordNet listing. Retrieved 1 November 2013. 
  241. ^ "Yellow". 
  242. ^ "Yid". Retrieved 1 November 2013. 

Further reading[edit]



  • Richard A. Spears, Slang and Euphemism (2001)
  • Jonathon Green, The Cassell Dictionary of Slang (1998)
  • Bruce Moore (editor), The Australian Oxford Dictionary (2004)
  • G. A. Wilkes, A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms (Sydney: Fontana/Collins, 1978). ISBN 0-00-635719-9