Landmark Cases

Created by godofpancakes 

38 terms

Baker vs. Carr

Redistributed districts because they were uneven and didn't follow "one-person, one-vote" idea.

Barron vs. Baltimore

BOR only limited actions of the federal government and not the states.

Brandenburg vs. Ohio

Created the direct incitement test, which decided what kinds of speech government could regulate.

Brown vs. Board of Education (of Topeka)

The "separate but equal" idea in educational institutions was illegal.

Bush vs. Gore

Florida's recount was stopped and Bush became president because the nation needed a president.

Casey vs. Planned Parenthood

Limited most of Roe vs. Wade decisions and abolished the trimester approach

Clinton vs. New York

Presidents no longer had the power of line-item veto

Dred Scott vs. Sandford

Missouri Compromise which banned slavery in the North was unconstitutional because slaves weren't counted as people.

Engel vs. Vitale

Recitation of prayers drafted by the school board was ruled unconstitutional because of the establishment clause.

Escobedo vs. Illinois

Established right to counsel during police interrogations under the sixth amendment.

Ex parte Milligan

Using military tribunals instead of operational civilian courts was unconstitutional.

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Under the commerce clause, the federal government could control interstate commerce.

Gideon vs. Wainright

Sixth amendment required a counsel to be provided to those unable to afford their own.

Gitlow vs. New York

____ obtained the freedom of speech and press through the 14th amendment but he was considered a threat to the nation and therefore convicted.

Griswold vs. Connecticut

Connecticut law banning the information and sales of contraceptives violated the right to privacy guaranteed by the first, third, fourth, ninth, and 15th amendments.

Grutter vs. Bollinger

Affirmative action by the UM law school who gave preference to minority students was okay.

Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeier

School newspapers not established as forums were given less freedom under the first amendment

Katz vs. U.S.

Wiretapping public pay phones to convict people is unconstitutional under the fourth amendment.

Kiryas Joel vs. Grumet

A school district creating its boundaries to incorporate only religious districts was unconstitutional because it violated the establishment clause

Korematsu vs. U.S.

Putting Japanese people into internment camps during World War II was okay because it was to protect the nation against espionage

Lemon vs. Kurtzman

Pennsylvania superintendent only gave money to those two taught secular material. It was ruled unconstitutional because of the establishment clause.

Loving vs. Virginia

It ended all race-based marriage restrictions in the U.S.

Mapp vs. Ohio

Evidence obtained illegally couldn't be used in court under the fourth amendment.

Marbury vs. Madison

It ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 as unconstitutional and it set up judicial review.

McCulloch vs. Maryland

The federal government could pass implied laws by using the necessary and proper clause.

Miranda vs. Arizona

Police must read a victim's fifth amendment's right to remain silent.

New Jersey vs. T.L.O.

Evidence found during the process of searching for something else doesn't violate the fourth amendment.

New York Times vs. U.S.

The U.S. must prove that a publication would cause a "grave and irreparable" danger in order to overstep the first amendment.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

"Separate but equal" institutions were constitutional.

Regents of University of California vs. Bakke

_____ was rejected from schools where his scores were higher than other African Americans. This was unconstitutional because it violated the equal protection clause and affirmative action was okay.

Roe vs. Wade

Set up a trimester system to determine if a woman could have an abortion.

Rostker vs. Goldberg

Only having men in drafts was constitutional because it didn't violate the fifth amendment.

Schenck vs. U.S.

________, who distributed leaflets protesting the draft, was convicted because he was a "clear and present danger" to the U.S.

Swann vs. Charlotte Mecklenberg

Buses who seem to mainly only drive black kids because of geographical reasons was constitutional because they were simply there to ensure schools were properly integrated.

Texas vs. Johnson

Flag burning is constitutional under the first amendment.

Tinker vs. Des Moines School District

Banning black armbands that protested the Vietnam War was unconstitutional under the first amendment.

U.S. vs. Nixon

Executive privilege was constitutional, but did not apply in this case.

Vernonia School District vs. Acton

Random drug tests on athletes didn't violate fourth amendment rights.

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