@article {Robazza:2006-09-01T00:00:00:0270-1367:372, author = "Robazza, Claudio and Bortoli, Laura and Hanin, Yuri", title = "Perceived Effects of Emotion Intensity on Athletic Performance: A Contingency-Based Individualized Approach", journal = "Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport", volume = "77", number = "3", year = "2006-09-01T00:00:00", abstract = "This study, based on the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning model, examined the perceived effect of idiosyncratic emotions and bodily symptoms on athletic performance along the entire emotion-intensity range. The participants were 35 elite Italian athletes, 16 women and 19 men, competing in either figure skating or gymnastics. Idiosyncratic emotional descriptors were rated on Borg's CR-10 scale to estimate the perceived impact on performance and hedonic tone for each level of emotion-intensity range. The findings revealed a large inter-individual variability in the content of emotions as well as in the shape of the curves representing the intensity-impact contingencies. At the group level, the emotion-performance link was positive linear for optimal-pleasant emotions, bell-shaped for optimal-unpleasant emotions, and negative linear for both dysfunctional-unpleasant and dysfunctional-pleasant emotions. The relationship between emotional and bodily symptom intensities was positive linear. Implications of the findings for estimating total functional effects and individualized interventions are suggested.", pages = "372-385", url = "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aahperd/rqes/2006/00000077/00000003/art00010", keyword = "BODILY SYMPTOMS, HEDONIC TONE, IDIOSYNCRATIC EMOTIONS, IZOF MODEL" }