Sydney is

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A We use a/an with a singular noun when we describe someone or something
or to say what type of thing someone or something is:
• English has become an international language.
• Sydney is a beautiful city.
But if we say that someone or something is unique - that there is only one, or
that it is the only one of its kind - we use the (or sometimes zero article, i.e. no
article), but not a/an:
• English has become the international language of business.
• Sydney is the capital city of New South Wales.

B We use a/an to say what a person's job is, was, or will be:
• She was a company director when she retired.
• Against her parents' wishes, she wants to be a journalist.
However, when we give a person's job title, or their unique position, we use the
or zero article, not a/an. Compare:
• She's been appointed (the) head of the company, and
• I'm a production manager at Fino. (= there may be more than one production
After the position of, the post of, or the role of we use zero article before a job
• Dr Simons has taken on the position of Head of Department.

C We use the before a superlative adjective (the biggest, the most expensive,
etc.) when the superlative adjective is followed by a noun or defining phrase:
• He is the finest young player around at the moment.
• This painting's the most unusual in the collection.
However, we can often leave out the, particularly in an informal style, when
there is no noun or defining phrase after the superlative adjective.
• A: Why did you decide to stay in this hotel?
B: It was (the) cheapest. / It was the cheapest I could find.
When most before an adjective means 'very' or 'extremely' we can use a (with
countable singulars) or zero article (with plurals and uncountables) - rather than
the - when there is no following noun. Most is used in this way particularly in a
rather formal spoken style. In everyday conversation we generally use a word
such as 'very' instead:
• He was a most peculiar-looking man. (= a very peculiar-looking man)
• It was most expensive petrol. (= extremely expensive)

D We use the when we know that there is only one of a particular thing. For
• the sun
the world t
he North Pole
the jet age
the international market
the travel industry
the arms trade
The same applies to the following things when we refer to them in a general
• the weather
the climate
the human race
the atmosphere
the sea
the public
the environment
the sky
the ground
the wind
the future
the past
However, if we want to describe a particular instance of these we use a/an.
• She could hear the wind whistling through the trees outside, and
• There's a cold wind blowing from the north.
• What are your plans for the future?
• She dreamt of a future where she could spend more time painting.

57.1 Make sentences combining words from (i) and (ii). Add a connecting verb
and a/an or the.
If zero article is an alternative for the, write the / - . (A, B & C)
1 Barcelona                                   a largest island in the world.
2 Javier Perez de Cuellar                     b member of the European Union.
3 Le Monde                                    c president of South Africa in 1994.
4 France                                      d site of the 1992 Olympic Games.
5 Ghana                                       e only constructed object visible from
6 Wall Street                                 space.
7 Nelson Mandela                              f important financial centre.
8 The Great Wall of China                     g newspaper published in France.
9 Greenland                                   h republic in 1957.
                                              i Secretary General of the UN from
                                              1982 to 1991.

Example: 1 Barcelona, was the site of the 1992 Olympic Games.
2 Put a/an, the or - in the spaces. If zero article is an for the, write the / - .
Bob Collins recently become (l) ………. minister in the new government, being
appointed (2) ………. Minister for Industry. Mr Collins has had a varied career.
He was (3)……… professional footballer in the 1960s, some people
considering him to be (4) ……….. most skilful player of his generation. After a
serious injury, he became (5) ………. manager of (6) ………. oldest pub in
Edinburgh Five years later, he was offered the position of (7) ……….. executive
director of Arcon, one of (8) ……….. biggest supermarket chains in the country
He became (9) ………. Member of Parliament in 1990.
57.3 If necessary, correct these sentences. (A-D)
1 Sri Lanka has the wonderful climate.
2 The organisation's aim is to educate the public about the dangers of smoking.
3 We need an environment free from pollution.
4 She has worked in a fashion industry since she left school.
5 The wind is blowing dust all the way from Africa.
6 We can look forward to a warm southerly wind this weekend.
7 The USA is a country with the high level of immigration.
8 How can we combine economic growth and respect for an environment?
9 Car exhaust emissions are having a major effect on a world's climate.
10 That's Terry - he's the third person on the right.
11 She has become the important figure in Norwegian politics.
12 It's a most important issue and we need to discuss it in detail.
2 Javier Perez de Cuellar was the/- Secretary General of the
UN from 1982 to 1991.
3 Le Monde is a newspaper published in France.
4 France is a member of the European Union.
5 Ghana became a republic in 1957.
6 Wall Street is an important financial centre.
7 Nelson Mandela became the/- president of South Africa in 1994.
8 The Great Wall of China is the only constructed object visible from space.
9 Greenland is the largest island in the world.
1 a 2 the/- 3 a       4 the 5 the/- 6 the 7 - 8 the   9a

1 has a wonderful
4 in the fashion industry
7 with a high level
8 for the environment?
9 on the world's
10 /
11 become an important figure
12 /

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