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See PulseAudio for the main article.



Here you will find some hints on volume issues and why you may not hear anything.

Auto-Mute Mode

Auto-Mute Mode may be enabled. It can be disabled using alsamixer.

See http://superuser.com/questions/431079/how-to-disable-auto-mute-mode for more.

To save your current settings as the default options, run alsactl store as root.

Muted audio device

If one experiences no audio output via any means while using ALSA, attempt to unmute the sound card. To do this, launch alsamixer and make sure each column has a green 00 under it (this can be toggled by pressing m):

$ alsamixer -c 0
Note: alsamixer will not tell you which output device is set as the default. One possible cause of no sound after install is that PulseAudio detects the wrong output device as a default. Install pavucontrol and check if there is any output on the pavucontrol panel when playing a .wav file.

Output stuck muted while Master is toggled

In setups with multiple outputs (e.g. 'Headphone' and 'Speaker') using plain amixer to toggle Master can trigger PulseAudio to mute the active output too, but it does not necessarily unmute it when Master is toggled back to be unmuted. [1] To resolve this, amixer must have the device flag set to 'pulse':

$ amixer -D pulse sset Master toggle

This will cause amixer to ask PulseAudio to do the toggling rather than toggling it directly. Because of this, PulseAudio will correctly unmute Master as well as any applicable output.

Muted application

If a specific application is muted or low while all else seems to be in order, it may be due to individual sink-input settings. With the offending application playing audio, run:

$ pacmd list-sink-inputs

Find and make note of the index of the corresponding sink input. The properties: application.name and application.process.binary, among others, should help here. Ensure sane settings are present, specifically those of muted and volume. If the sink is muted, it can be unmuted by:

$ pacmd set-sink-input-mute <index> false

If the volume needs adjusting, it can be set to 100% by:

$ pacmd set-sink-input-volume <index> 0x10000
Note: If pacmd reports 0 sink input(s), double-check that the application is playing audio. If it is still absent, verify that other applications show up as sink inputs.

Volume adjustment does not work properly

Check: /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output.conf.common

If the volume does not appear to increment/decrement properly using alsamixer or amixer, it may be due to PulseAudio having a larger number of increments (65537 to be exact). Try using larger values when changing volume (e.g. amixer set Master 655+).

Per-application volumes change when the Master volume is adjusted

This is because PulseAudio uses flat volumes by default, instead of relative volumes, relative to an absolute master volume. If this is found to be inconvenient, asinine, or otherwise undesireable, relative volumes can be enabled by disabling flat volumes in the PulseAudio daemon's configuration file:

/etc/pulse/daemon.conf or ~/.config/pulse/daemon.conf
flat-volumes = no

and then restarting PulseAudio by executing

$ pulseaudio -k
$ pulseaudio --start

Volume gets louder every time a new application is started

Per default, it seems as if changing the volume in an application sets the global system volume to that level instead of only affecting the respective application. Applications setting their volume on startup will therefore cause the system volume to "jump".

Fix this by disabling flat volumes, as demonstrated in the previous section. When Pulse comes back after a few seconds, applications will not alter the global system volume anymore but have their own volume level again.

Note: A previously installed and removed pulseaudio-equalizer may leave behind remnants of the setup in ~/.config/pulse/default.pa or ~/.pulse/default.pa which can also cause maximized volume trouble. Comment that out as needed.

Sound output is only mono on M-Audio Audiophile 2496 sound card

Add the following:

load-module module-alsa-sink sink_name=delta_out device=hw:M2496 format=s24le channels=10 channel_map=left,right,aux0,aux1,aux2,aux3,aux4,aux5,aux6,aux7
load-module module-alsa-source source_name=delta_in device=hw:M2496 format=s24le channels=12 channel_map=left,right,aux0,aux1,aux2,aux3,aux4,aux5,aux6,aux7,aux8,aux9
set-default-sink delta_out
set-default-source delta_in

No sound below a volume cutoff

Known issue (won't fix): https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pulseaudio/+bug/223133

If sound does not play when PulseAudio's volume is set below a certain level, try setting ignore_dB=1 in /etc/pulse/default.pa:

load-module module-udev-detect ignore_dB=1

However, be aware that it may cause another bug preventing PulseAudio to unmute speakers when headphones or other audio devices are unplugged.

Low volume for internal microphone

If you experience low volume on internal notebook microphone, try setting:

set-source-volume 1 300000

Clients alter master output volume (a.k.a. volume jumps to 100% after running application)

If changing the volume in specific applications or simply running an application changes the master output volume this is likely due to flat volumes mode of pulseaudio. Before disabling it, KDE users should try lowering their system notifications volume in System Settings -> Application and System Notifications -> Manage Notifications under the Player Settings tab to something reasonable. Changing the Event Sounds volume in KMix or another volume mixer application will not help here. This should make the flat-volumes mode work out as intended, if it does not work, some other application is likely requesting 100% volume when its playing something. If all else fails, you can try to disable flat-volumes:

flat-volumes = no

Then restart PulseAudio daemon:

# pulseaudio -k
# pulseaudio --start

No sound after resume from suspend

If audio generally works, but stops after resume from suspend, try "reloading" PulseAudio by executing:

$ /usr/bin/pasuspender /bin/true

This is better than completely killing and restarting it (pulseaudio -k followed by pulseaudio --start), because it does not break already running applications.

If the above fixes your problem, you may wish to automate it, by creating a systemd service file.

1. Create the template service file in /etc/systemd/system/resume-fix-pulseaudio@.service:

Description=Fix PulseAudio after resume from suspend

ExecStart=/usr/bin/pasuspender /bin/true


2. Enable it for your user account

# systemctl enable resume-fix-pulseaudio@YOUR_USERNAME_HERE.service

3. Reload systemd

# systemctl --system daemon-reload

ALSA channels mute when headphones are plugged/unplugged improperly

If when you unplug your headphones or plug them in the audio remains muted in alsamixer on the wrong channel due to it being set to 0%, you may be able to fix it by opening /etc/pulse/default.pa and commenting out the line:

load-module module-switch-on-port-available

Volume resets to 50% every few seconds

Install alsa-tools and use:

$ hdajackretask

Set "Not Connected" to everything but the ports you are using. It seems the other unused audio ports on the motherboard interfere with the used ones. Then if you want use the Boot Override to save this change between reboots. There is a possibility it's the Front Green Headphone that's causing the bug, if you need it override the Front Microphone to Headphone and the Front Green Headphone to "Not Connected" and use the Front Microphone port as your headphone port.

More info about this problem: [2].


Microphone not detected by PulseAudio

Determine the card and device number of your mic:

 $ arecord -l
 **** List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices ****
 card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC269VC Analog [ALC269VC Analog]
 Subdevices: 1/1
 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

In hw:CARD,DEVICE notation, you would specify the above device as hw:0,0.

Then, edit /etc/pulse/default.pa and insert a load-module line specifying your device as follows:

  load-module module-alsa-source device=hw:0,0
  # the line above should be somewhere before the line below
 .ifexists module-udev-detect.so

Finally, restart pulseaudio to apply the new settings:

  $ pulseaudio -k ; pulseaudio -D

If everything worked correctly, you should now see your mic show up when running pavucontrol (under the Input Devices tab).

PulseAudio uses wrong microphone

If PulseAudio uses the wrong microphone, and changing the Input Device with Pavucontrol did not help, take a look at alsamixer. It seems that Pavucontrol does not always set the input source correctly.

$ alsamixer

Press F6 and choose your sound card, e.g. HDA Intel. Now press F5 to display all items. Try to find the item: Input Source. With the up/down arrow keys you are able to change the input source.

Now try if the correct microphone is used for recording.

No microphone on ThinkPad T400/T500/T420


alsamixer -c 0

Unmute and maximize the volume of the "Internal Mic".

Once you see the device with:

arecord -l

you might still need to adjust the settings. The microphone and the audio jack are duplexed. Set the configuration of the internal audio in pavucontrol to Analog Stereo Duplex.

No microphone input on Acer Aspire One

Install pavucontrol, unlink the microphone channels and turn down the left one to 0.

Static noise in microphone recording

If we are getting static noise in Skype, gnome-sound-recorder, arecord, etc.'s recordings, then the sound card sample rate is incorrect. That is why there is static noise in Linux microphone recordings. To fix this, we need to set the sampling rate in /etc/pulse/daemon.conf for the sound hardware.

In addition to the guide below, since PulseAudio 11 it is possible to set avoid-resampling = yes in daemon.conf.

Determine sound cards in the system (1/5)

This requires alsa-utils and related packages to be installed:

$ arecord --list-devices
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: ALC888 Analog [ALC888 Analog]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 2: ALC888 Analog [ALC888 Analog]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

Sound card is hw:0,0.

Determine sampling rate of the sound card (2/5)

We aim to find the highest sample rate supported by the hw:0,0 sound card using a trial-and-error procedure starting from a low value. When the top value is reached, we got a warning message:

arecord -f dat -r 60000 -D hw:0,0 -d 5 test.wav
"Recording WAVE 'test.wav' : Signed 16 bit Little Endian, Rate 60000 Hz, Stereo
Warning: rate is not accurate (requested = 60000Hz, got = 44100Hz)
please, try the plug plugin

observe, the got = 44100Hz. This is the maximum sampling rate of our card.

Setting the sound card's sampling rate into PulseAudio configuration (3/5)

The default sampling rate in PulseAudio:

$ grep "default-sample-rate" /etc/pulse/daemon.conf
; default-sample-rate = 48000

48000 is disabled and needs to be changed to 44100:

# sed 's/; default-sample-rate = 48000/default-sample-rate = 44100/g' -i /etc/pulse/daemon.conf

Restart PulseAudio to apply the new settings (4/5)

$ pulseaudio -k
$ pulseaudio --start

Finally check by recording and playing it back (5/5)

Let us record some voice using a microphone for, say, 10 seconds. Make sure the microphone is not muted and all

$ arecord -f cd -d 10 test-mic.wav

After 10 seconds, let us play the recording...

$ aplay test-mic.wav

Now hopefully, there is no static noise in microphone recording anymore.

Another Possible Cause

Another possible cause is that your mic has two channels but only one channel can provide a valid sound signal. Some information can be found here. The solution is to remap the stereo input to a mono input:

1. Find your source name from the following command; mine is alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo

pacmd list-sources | grep 'name:.*input'

2. Edit /etc/pulse/default.pa and add the following lines, where INPUT_NAME is name of the input source from above step:

load-module module-remap-source source_name=record_mono master=INPUT_NAME master_channel_map=front-left channel_map=mono
set-default-source record_mono

3. Restart PulseAudio:

pulseaudio -k
pulseaudio --start

Now arecord hopefully works. You may still need to change the RecordStream from setting to Remapped Built-in Audio Analog Stereo of a specific application in the Recording tab of pavucontrol.

If using a USB microphone

Try plugging it into a different port (eg: ports at the back rather than front).

No microphone on Steam or Skype with enable-remixing = no

When you set enable-remixing = no on /etc/pulse/daemon.conf you may find that your microphone has stopped working on certain applications like Skype or Steam. This happens because these applications capture the microphone as mono only and because remixing is disabled, Pulseaudio will no longer remix your stereo microphone to mono.

To fix this you need to tell Pulseaudio to do this for you:

1. Find the name of the source

# pacmd list-sources

Example output edited for brevity, the name you need is in bold:

   index: 2
       name: <alsa_input.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo>
       driver: <module-alsa-card.c>

2. Add a remap rule to /etc/pulse/default.pa, use the name you found with the previous command, here we will use alsa_input.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo as an example:

### Remap microphone to mono
load-module module-remap-source master=alsa_input.pci-0000_00_14.2.analog-stereo master_channel_map=front-left,front-right channels=2 channel_map=mono,mono

3. Restart Pulseaudio

# pulseaudio -k
Note: Pulseaudio may fail to start if you do not exit a program that was using the microphone (e.g. if you tested on Steam before modifying the file), in which case you should exit the application and manually start Pulseaudio
# pulseaudio --start

Microphone distorted due to automatic adjustment

If your microphone volume creeps up automatically and causes the sound to be distorted, you can fix it by disabling mic boost:

In /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-internal-mic.conf and /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-input-mic.conf,

  • Under [Element Internal Mic Boost] set volume to zero.
  • Under [Element Int Mic Boost] set volume to zero.
  • Under [Element Mic Boost] set volume to zero.

Then restart PulseAudio:

# pulseaudio -k

Microphone crackling with Realtek ALC892

Sometimes ALC892 chips have crackling sound while recording using a microphone. Some Pulseaudio config changes may help:

resample-method = src-sinc-best-quality
default-sample-format = s16le
default-sample-rate = 48000

and add the use_ucm option to

load-module module-udev-detect use_ucm=0 tsched=0

then restart pulseaudio.

Audio quality

Enable Echo/Noise-Cancellation

Arch does not load the Pulseaudio Echo-Cancellation module by default, therefore, we have to add it in /etc/pulse/default.pa. First you can test if the module is present with pacmd and entering list-modules. If you cannot find a line showing name: <module-echo-cancel> you have to add

### Enable Echo/Noise-Cancellation
load-module module-echo-cancel use_master_format=1 aec_method=webrtc aec_args="analog_gain_control=0 digital_gain_control=1" source_name=echoCancel_source sink_name=echoCancel_sink
set-default-source echoCancel_source
set-default-sink echoCancel_sink

then restart Pulseaudio

pulseaudio -k
pulseaudio --start

and check if the module is activated by starting pavucontrol. Under Recoding the input device should show Echo-Cancel Source Stream from"

Here is a list of possible 'aec_args' for 'aec_method=webrtc' with their default values [3][4]:

  • analog_gain_control=1 - Analog AGC - 'Automatic Gain Control' done over changing the volume directly - Will most likely lead to distortions.
  • digital_gain_control=0 - Digital AGC - 'Automatic Gain Control' done in post processing (higher CPU load).
  • experimental_agc=0 - Allow enabling of the webrtc experimental AGC mechanism.
  • agc_start_volume=85 - Initial volume when using AGC - Possible values 0-255 - A too low initial volume may prevent the AGC algorithm from ever raising the volume high enough [5].
  • high_pass_filter=1 - ?
  • noise_suppression=1 - Noise suppression.
  • voice_detection=1 - VAD - Voice activity detection.
  • extended_filter=0 - The extended filter is more complex and less sensitive to incorrect delay reporting from the hardware than the regular filter. The extended filter mode is disabled by default, because it seemed produce worse results during double-talk [6].
  • intelligibility_enhancer=0 - Some bits for webrtc intelligibility enhancer.
  • drift_compensation=0 - Drift compensation to allow echo cancellation between different devices (such as speakers on your laptop and the microphone on your USB webcam). - only possible with "mobile=0".
  • beamforming=0 - See [7][8]
    • mic_geometry=x1,y1,z1,x2,y2,z2 - Only with "beamforming=1".
    • target_direction=a,e,r - Only with "beamforming=1".
  • mobile=0 - ?
    • routing_mode=speakerphone - Possible Values "quiet-earpiece-or-headset,earpiece,loud-earpiece,speakerphone,loud-speakerphone" - only valid with "mobile=1".
    • comfort_noise=1 - ? - only valid with "mobile=1".

If you are using the module-echo-cancel, you probably don't want other applications to do additional audio post processing.
Here is a list for disabling audio post processing in following applications:

  • Mumble:
  1. Configure -> Settings -> Check 'Advanced' check box -> Audio Input
  2. Echo: Select 'Disabled'
  3. Noise Suppression: Set slider to 'Off'
  4. Max. Aplification: Set slider to '1.0'
  • TeamSpeak:
  1. Tools -> Options -> Check 'Advanced Options' check box
  2. Uncheck: 'Echo reduction', 'Echo cancellation', 'Remove background noise' and 'Automatic voice gain control'
  • Firefox:
  1. Is described here

If you plug in a USB Soundcard/Headset, or you have for example a 5.1 Speaker configuration and plug in a Headset on your front audio connectors after you have loaded the 'module-echo-cancel', you have to manually unload and load the 'module-echo-cancel' again, because unfortunately there is no way to tell the 'module-echo-cancel' that it should automatically switch to the new default 'source_master' and 'source_sink'. See https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=100403

Glitches, skips or crackling

The newer implementation of the PulseAudio sound server uses timer-based audio scheduling instead of the traditional, interrupt-driven approach.

Timer-based scheduling may expose issues in some ALSA drivers. On the other hand, other drivers might be glitchy without it on, so check to see what works on your system.

To turn timer-based scheduling off add tsched=0 in /etc/pulse/default.pa:

load-module module-udev-detect tsched=0

Then restart the PulseAudio server:

$ pulseaudio -k
$ pulseaudio --start

Do the reverse to enable timer-based scheduling, if not already enabled by default.

If you are using Intel's IOMMU and experience glitches and/or skips, add intel_iommu=igfx_off to your kernel command line.

Some Intel audio cards using the snd-hda-intel module need the otions vid=8086 pid=8ca0 snoop=0. In order to set them permanently, create/modify the following file including the line below.

options snd-hda-intel vid=8086 pid=8ca0 snoop=0

Please report any such cards to PulseAudio Broken Sound Driver page

Static noise when using headphones

If you are encountering static in your headphone jack, one possible culprit may be ALSA's loopback mixing. In addition to setting tsched=0 as documented above, it may be helpful to disable loopback mixing. This can be accomplished trivially with alsamixer, part of alsa-utils. This should not impact audio playback or microphone recording negatively, unless you require loopback mixing.

Setting the default fragment number and buffer size in PulseAudio


Reason: Copied from Linux mint topic with few additions (Discuss in Talk:PulseAudio/Troubleshooting#)

Disabling timer-based scheduling (0/4)

By default, PulseAudio uses timer-based scheduling. In this mode, fragments are not used at all, and so the default-fragments and default-fragment-size-msec parameters are ignored. To turn timer-based scheduling off add tsched=0 in /etc/pulse/default.pa:

load-module module-udev-detect tsched=0

Finding out your audio device parameters (1/4)

To find out what your sound card buffering settings are, use the following command and scroll through the output until you find the correct sink entry.

$ pactl list sinks
Sink #1
	Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
	Description: Built-in Audio Analog Stereo
	Driver: module-alsa-card.c
	Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
	Channel Map: front-left,front-right
	Owner Module: 7
	Mute: no
	Volume: front-left: 42600 /  65% / -11.22 dB,   front-right: 42600 /  65% / -11.22 dB
	        balance 0.00
	Base Volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
	Monitor Source: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor
	Latency: 70662 usec, configured 85000 usec
		alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
		device.api = "alsa"
		device.class = "sound"
		alsa.class = "generic"
		alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
		alsa.name = "ALC283 Analog"
		alsa.id = "ALC283 Analog"
		alsa.subdevice = "0"
		alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
		alsa.device = "0"
		alsa.card = "1"
		alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
		alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xe111c000 irq 43"
		alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
		device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
		sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card1"
		device.bus = "pci"
		device.vendor.id = "8086"
		device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
		device.product.id = "9ca0"
		device.product.name = "Wildcat Point-LP High Definition Audio Controller"
		device.form_factor = "internal"
		device.string = "front:1"
		device.buffering.buffer_size = "352800"
		device.buffering.fragment_size = "176400"
		device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
		device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
		device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
		device.description = "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
		alsa.mixer_name = "Realtek ALC283"
		alsa.components = "HDA:10ec0283,10ec0283,00100003"
		module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
		device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
		analog-output-speaker: Speakers (priority: 10000, not available)
		analog-output-headphones: Headphones (priority: 9000, available)
	Active Port: analog-output-headphones

Take note the buffer_size and fragment_size values for the relevant sound card.

Calculate your fragment size in msecs and number of fragments (2/4)

PulseAudio's default sampling rate and bit depth are set to 44100Hz @ 16 bits.

With this configuration, the bit rate we need is 44100*16 = 705600 bits per second. That is 1411200 bps for stereo.

Let us take a look at the parameters we have found in the previous step:

device.buffering.buffer_size = "352800" => 352800/1411200 = 0.25 s = 250 ms
device.buffering.fragment_size = "176400" => 176400/1411200 = 0.125 s = 125 ms

Modify PulseAudio's configuration file (3/4)

; default-fragments = X
; default-fragment-size-msec = Y

In the previous step, we calculated the fragment size parameter. The number of fragments is simply buffer_size/fragment_size, which in this case (250/125) is 2:

; default-fragments = 2
; default-fragment-size-msec = 125

Restart the PulseAudio daemon (4/4)

$ pulseaudio -k
$ pulseaudio --start

For more information, see: Linux Mint topic

Choppy sound with analog surround sound setup

The low-frequency effects (LFE) or Subwoofer channel is not remixed per default. To enable it the following needs to be set in /etc/pulse/daemon.conf :

enable-lfe-remixing = yes

You should also consider to set a proper crossover frequency for the LFE- channel. The crossover frequency is the frequency up to which the audio signal is rerouted to the LFE sink. The optimal crossover frequency in Hz depends on the size of all your speakers.

lfe-crossover-freq = <40-200>

Laggy sound

This issue is due to incorrect buffer sizes. First verify that the variables default-fragments and default-fragment-size-msec are not being set to non default values in the file /etc/pulse/daemon.conf. If the issue is still present, try setting them to the following values:

default-fragments = 5
default-fragment-size-msec = 2

Choppy/distorted sound

This can result from an incorrectly set sample rate. Try the following setting:

avoid-resampling = yes #(Needs PA11 or higher)
default-sample-rate = 48000

and restart the PulseAudio server.

If one experiences choppy sound in applications using OpenAL, change the sample rate in /etc/openal/alsoft.conf:

frequency = 48000

Setting the PCM volume above 0 dB can cause clipping. Running alsamixer will allow you to see if this is the problem and if so fix it. Note that ALSA may not correctly export the dB information to PulseAudio. Try the following:

load-module module-udev-detect ignore_dB=1

and restart the PulseAudio server. See also #No sound below a volume cutoff.

Sound stuttering when streaming over network

When streaming over Wi-Fi using module-native-protocol-tcp you can experience periodic sound stuttering with buffer underruns. As a workaround you can try to use rtp protocol. On sender side create rtp sink:

load-module module-null-sink sink_name=rtp
load-module module-rtp-send source=rtp.monitor

and switch to it:

set-default-sink rtp

On receiver side load rtp module:

load-module module-rtp-recv

Hardware and Cards

No HDMI sound output after some time with the monitor turned off

The monitor is connected via HDMI/DisplayPort, and the audio jack is plugged in the headphone jack of the monitor, but PulseAudio insists that it is unplugged:

pactl list sinks
hdmi-output-0: HDMI / DisplayPort (priority: 5900, not available)

This leads to no sound coming from HDMI output. A workaround for this is to switch to another VT and back again. If that does not work, try: turn off your monitor, switch to another VT, turn on your monitor, and switch back. This problem has been reported by ATI/Nvidia/Intel users.

Another workaround could be to disable the switch-on-port-available module by commenting it in /etc/pulse/default.pa [9]:

### Should be after module-*-restore but before module-*-detect
#load-module module-switch-on-port-available

No HDMI sound using a headless server

You might want to use HDMI audio with your a/v receiver but no display. HDMI requires a video signal, which we have from the virtual terminal.

By default, this signal is turned off after 600 seconds, thus the audio sink gets lost as well.

To prevent screen blanking, add consoleblank=0 to the kernel command line.

No cards

If PulseAudio starts, run pacmd list. If no cards are reported, make sure that the ALSA devices are not in use:

$ fuser -v /dev/snd/*
$ fuser -v /dev/dsp

Make sure any applications using the pcm or dsp files are shut down before restarting PulseAudio.

Starting an application interrupts other app's sound

If you have trouble with some applications (such as TeamSpeak or Mumble) interrupting sound output of already running applications (such as Deadbeaf), you can solve this by commenting out the line load-module module-role-cork in /etc/pulse/default.pa like shown below:

### Cork music/video streams when a phone stream is active
# load-module module-role-cork

Then restart pulseaudo by using your normal user account with

pulseaudio -k
pulseaudio --start

The only device shown is "dummy output" or newly connected cards are not detected

If the only playback device is the Dummy Output, PulseAudio cannot access your sound devices. It is possible there is an issue with logind giving permissions, see General troubleshooting#Session permissions for more information.

An application might also not have been configured to work with PulseAudio. This happens with FluidSynth for example. To see which application is responsible for a direct access to the sound card via alsa, run the following command:

# fuser -v /dev/snd/*

Try to close these applications. pulseaudio, if running, should take again precedence over these applications and all the applications relying on pulseaudio should work again like expected.

No HDMI 5/7.1 Selection for Device

If you are unable to select 5/7.1 channel output for a working HDMI device, then turning off "stream device reading" in /etc/pulse/default.pa might help.

See #Fallback device is not respected.

Failed to create sink input: sink is suspended

If you do not have any output sound and receive dozens of errors related to a suspended sink in your journalctl -b log, then backup first and then delete your user-specific pulse folders:

$ rm -r ~/.pulse ~/.pulse-cookie ~/.config/pulse

Simultaneous output to multiple sound cards / devices

Simultaneous output to two different devices can be very useful. For example, being able to send audio to your A/V receiver via your graphics card's HDMI output, while also sending the same audio through the analogue output of your motherboard's built-in audio. This is much less hassle than it used to be (in this example, we are using GNOME desktop).

Using paprefs, simply select "Add virtual output device for simultaneous output on all local sound cards" from under the "Simultaneous Output" tab. Then, under GNOME's "sound settings", select the simultaneous output you have just created.

If this does not work, try adding the following to ~/.asoundrc:

pcm.dsp {
   type plug
   slave.pcm "dmix"
Tip: Simultaneous output can also be achieved manually using alsamixer. Disable "auto mute" item, then unmute other output sources you want to hear and increase their volume.

Simultaneous output to multiple sinks on the same sound card not working

This can be useful for users who have multiple sound sources and want to play them on different sinks/outputs. An example use-case for this would be if you play music and also voice chat and want to output music to speakers (in this case Digital S/PDIF) and voice to headphones. (Analog)

This is sometimes auto detected by PulseAudio but not always. If you know that your sound card can output to both Analog and S/PDIF at the same time and PulseAudio does not have this option in its profiles in pavucontrol, or veromix then you probably need to create a configuration file for your sound card.

More in detail you need to create a profile-set for your specific sound card. This is done in two steps mostly.

  • Create udev rule to make PulseAudio choose your PulseAudio configuration file specific to the sound card.
  • Create the actual configuration.

Create a pulseadio udev rule.

Note: This is only an example for Asus Xonar Essence STX. Read udev to find out the correct values.
Note: Your configuration file should have lower number than the original PulseAudio rule to take effect.
ACTION=="change", SUBSYSTEM=="sound", KERNEL=="card*", \
ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x1043", ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x835c", ENV{PULSE_PROFILE_SET}="asus-xonar-essence-stx.conf" 

Now, create a configuration file. If you bother, you can start from scratch and make it saucy. However you can also use the default configuration file, rename it, and then add your profile there that you know works. Less pretty but also faster.

To enable multiple sinks for Asus Xonar Essence STX you need only to add this in.

Note: asus-xonar-essence-stx.conf also includes all code/mappings from default.conf.
[Profile analog-stereo+iec958-stereo]
description = Analog Stereo Duplex + Digital Stereo Output
input-mappings = analog-stereo
output-mappings = analog-stereo iec958-stereo
skip-probe = yes

This will auto-profile your Asus Xonar Essence STX with default profiles and add your own profile so you can have multiple sinks.

You need to create another profile in the configuration file if you want to have the same functionality with AC3 Digital 5.1 output.

See PulseAudio article about profiles

Some profiles like SPDIF are not enabled by default on the card

Some profiles like IEC-958 (i.e. S/PDIF) may not be enabled by default on the selected sink. Each time the system starts up, the card profile is disabled and the pulseaudio daemon cannot select it. You have to add the profile selection to you default.pa file. Verify the card and profile name with :

$ pacmd list-cards

Then edit the config to add the profile

## Replace with your card name and the profile you want to activate
set-card-profile alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0 output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo

Pulse audio will add this profile the pool of available profiles

Only S/PDIF output available

This might happen if PulseAudio use the wrong output device. Firstly, set up proper card profile:

$ pacmd set-card-profile alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3 output:analog-stereo


$ pacmd set-card-profile alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3 output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo

Replace alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1f.3 with your card, and output:analog-stereo or output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo with your profile, remember to choose the profile with analog. Using shell auto completion could help you a lot. One could also use check available cards and profiles with:

$ pacmd list-cards

One might also need to set sink port by:

$ pacmd set-sink-port alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo analog-output-headphones

Check available sink ports with:

$ pacmd list-sinks

To keep these setting, add them to PulseAudio's configuration file default.pa.

.include /etc/pulse/default.pa



Disable Bluetooth support

If you do not use Bluetooth, you may experience the following error in your journal:

bluez5-util.c: GetManagedObjects() failed: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.bluez was not provided by any .service files

To disable Bluetooth support in PulseAudio, make sure that the following lines are commented out in the configuration file in use (~/.config/pulse/default.pa or /etc/pulse/default.pa):

### Automatically load driver modules for Bluetooth hardware
#.ifexists module-bluetooth-policy.so
#load-module module-bluetooth-policy

#.ifexists module-bluetooth-discover.so
#load-module module-bluetooth-discover

Bluetooth headset replay problems

Some user reports huge delays or even no sound when the Bluetooth connection does not send any data. This is due to the module-suspend-on-idle module, which automatically suspends sinks/sources on idle. As this can cause problems with headset, the responsible module can be deactivated.

To disable loading of the module-suspend-on-idle module, comment out the following line in the configuration file in use (~/.config/pulse/default.pa or /etc/pulse/default.pa):

### Automatically suspend sinks/sources that become idle for too long
#load-module module-suspend-on-idle

Finally restart PulseAudio to apply the changes.

Automatically switch to Bluetooth or USB headset

Add the following:

# automatically switch to newly-connected devices
load-module module-switch-on-connect

Since PulseAudio 11 USB and bluetooth devices are preferred over internal sound cards by default, but as in the above link described, you still need module-switch-on-connect to also moves existing streams to the new sink.

My Bluetooth device is paired but does not play any sound

See the article in Bluetooth headset section

Starting from PulseAudio 2.99 and bluez 4.101 you should avoid using Socket interface. Do NOT use:


If you face problems with A2DP and PA 2.99 make sure you have sbc library.


Flash content

Since Adobe Flash does not directly support PulseAudio, the recommended way is to configure ALSA to use the virtual PulseAudio sound card.

If Flash audio is lagging, you may try to have Flash access ALSA directly. See PulseAudio#ALSA/dmix without grabbing hardware device for details.

Permission errors bug

pulseaudio --start
E: [autospawn] core-util.c: Failed to create secure directory (/run/user/1000/pulse): Operation not permitted
W: [autospawn] lock-autospawn.c: Cannot access autospawn lock.
E: [pulseaudio] main.c: Failed to acquire autospawn lock

Known programs that changes permissions for /run/user/user id/pulse when using Polkit for root elevation:

As a workaround, include kdesu in a desktop entry, or add username ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/program_name to sudoers to run it with sudo without a password.

The other workaround is to uncomment and set daemonize = yes in the /etc/pulse/daemon.conf.

See also [10].


When starting Audacity you may find that your headphones no longer work. This can be because Audacity is trying to use them as a recording device. To fix this, open Audacity, then set its recording device to pulse:Internal Mic:0.

Under some circumstances, playback may be distorted, very fast, or freeze, as discussed in the Audacity Wiki's Linux Issues page.

The solution proposed in this page may work: start Audacity with:

$ env PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=30 audacity

If the solution above does not fix this issue, one may wish to temporarily disable pulseaudio while running Audacity by using the pasuspender command:

$ pasuspender -- audacity

Then, be sure to select the appropriate ALSA input and output devices in Audacity.

See also #Setting the default fragment number and buffer size in PulseAudio.

Other Issues

Bad configuration files

After starting PulseAudio, if the system outputs no sound, it may be necessary to delete the contents of ~/.config/pulse and/or ~/.pulse. PulseAudio will automatically create new configuration files on its next start.

Cannot update configuration of sound device in pavucontrol

pavucontrol is a handy GUI utility for configuring PulseAudio. Under its 'Configuration' tab, you can select different profiles for each of your sound devices e.g. analogue stereo, digital output (IEC958), HDMI 5.1 Surround etc.

However, you may run into an instance where selecting a different profile for a card results in the pulse daemon crashing and auto restarting without the new selection "sticking". If this occurs, use the other useful GUI tool, paprefs, to check under the "Simultaneous Output" tab for a virtual simultaneous device. If this setting is active (checked), it will prevent you changing any card's profile in pavucontrol. Uncheck this setting, then adjust your profile in pavucontrol prior to re-enabling simultaneous output in paprefs.

Failed to create sink input: sink is suspended



Pulse overwrites ALSA settings

PulseAudio usually overwrites the ALSA settings — for example set with alsamixer — at start-up, even when the ALSA daemon is loaded. Since there seems to be no other way to restrict this behaviour, a workaround is to restore the ALSA settings again after PulseAudio has started. Add the following command to .xinitrc or .bash_profile or any other autostart file:

restore_alsa() {
 while [ -z "$(pidof pulseaudio)" ]; do
  sleep 0.5
 alsactl -f /var/lib/alsa/asound.state restore 
restore_alsa &

Prevent Pulse from restarting after being killed

Sometimes you may wish to temporarily disable Pulse. In order to do so you will have to prevent Pulse from restarting after being killed.

# Disable autospawning the PulseAudio daemon
autospawn = no

Daemon startup failed

Try resetting PulseAudio:

$ rm -rf /tmp/pulse* ~/.pulse* ~/.config/pulse
$ pulseaudio -k
$ pulseaudio --start
  • Check that options for sinks are set up correctly.
  • If you configured in default.pa to load and use the OSS modules then check with lsof that /dev/dsp device is not used by another application.
  • Set a preferred working resample method. Use pulseaudio --dump-resample-methods to see a list with all available resample methods you can use.
  • To get details about currently appeared unfixed errors or just get status of daemon use commands like pax11publish -d and pulseaudio -v where v option can be used multiple time to set verbosity of log output equal to the --log-level[=LEVEL] option where LEVEL is from 0 to 4. See the #Outputs by PulseAudio error status check utilities section.

See also man pages for pax11publish(1) and pulseaudio(1) for more details.

Outputs by PulseAudio error status check utilities

If the pax11publish -d shows error like:

N: [pulseaudio] main.c: User-configured server at "user", refusing to start/autospawn.

then run pax11publish -r command then could be also good to logout and login again. This manual cleanup is always required when using LXDM because it does not restart the X server on logout; see LXDM#PulseAudio[broken link: invalid section].

If the pulseaudio -vvvv command shows error like:

E: [pulseaudio] module-udev-detect.c: You apparently ran out of inotify watches, probably because Tracker/Beagle took them all away. I wished people would do their homework first and fix inotify before using it for watching whole directory trees which is something the current inotify is certainly not useful for. Please make sure to drop the Tracker/Beagle guys a line complaining about their broken use of inotify.

This can be resolved temporary by:

$ echo 100000 > /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches

For permanent use save settings in the 99-sysctl.conf file:

# Increase inotify max watchs per user
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 100000
Warning: It may cause much bigger consumption of memory by kernel.

See also

Daemon already running

On some systems, PulseAudio may be started multiple times. journalctl will report:

[pulseaudio] pid.c: Daemon already running.

Make sure to use only one method of autostarting applications. pulseaudio includes these files:

  • /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/pulseaudio
  • /etc/xdg/autostart/pulseaudio.desktop
  • /etc/xdg/autostart/pulseaudio-kde.desktop

Also check user autostart files and directories, such as xinitrc, ~/.config/autostart/ etc.

Subwoofer stops working after end of every song

Known issue: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pulseaudio/+bug/494099

To fix this, enable-lfe-remixing = yes must be set as described in #Choppy sound with analog surround sound setup.

Unable to select surround configuration other than "Surround 4.0"

If you are unable to set 5.1 surround output in pavucontrol because it only shows "Analog Surround 4.0 Output", open the ALSA mixer and change the output configuration there to 6 channels. Then restart pulseaudio, and pavucontrol will list many more options.

Realtime scheduling

If rtkit does not work, you can manually set up your system to run PulseAudio with real-time scheduling, which can help performance. To do this, add the following lines to /etc/security/limits.conf:

@pulse-rt - rtprio 9
@pulse-rt - nice -11

Afterwards, you need to add your user to the pulse-rt group:

# gpasswd -a <user> pulse-rt

pactl "invalid option" error with negative percentage arguments

pactl commands that take negative percentage arguments will fail with an 'invalid option' error. Use the standard shell '--' pseudo argument to disable argument parsing before the negative argument. e.g. pactl set-sink-volume 1 -- -5%.

Fallback device is not respected

PulseAudio does not have a true default device. Instead it uses a "fallback", which only applies to new sound streams. This means previously run applications are not affected by the newly set fallback device.

gnome-control-center, mate-media and paswitchAUR handle this gracefully. Alternatively:

1. Move the old streams in pavucontrol manually to the new sound card.

2. Stop Pulse, erase the "stream-volumes" in ~/.config/pulse and/or ~/.pulse and restart Pulse. This also resets application volumes.

3. Disable stream device reading. This may be not wanted when using different soundcards with different applications.

load-module module-stream-restore restore_device=false

RTP/UDP packet flood

In some cases the default configuration might flood the network with UDP packets.[11] To fix this problem, launch paprefs and disable "Multicast/RTP Sender".[12]