Land and Climate

Plants and Animals

People and Culture

Major Cities




Vikings and Christianization

Middle Ages

The 12th century began with a period of peace and prosperity, but by 1130 civil wars had broken out as various claimants to the throne arose. In 1217 Haakon IV Haakonsson ascended the throne and was a powerful ruler. He developed cultural and trade contacts with the rest of Europe. He also signed a treaty with the German city of Lübeck giving the Hanseatic League special rights to trade in Norway. Bergen became the league’s…

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Union with Denmark and Sweden

Economic Growth and Depression

World War II

Postwar Period

A New Prosperity

Additional Reading