The emitted from inside objects and bodies substitute

sources of treating diseases in our time are in evolution and diversity. By
these sources, it is not difficult for scientists to be able to eliminate all
diseases. Every second they spend for science to discover other methods of
treatment. This shows that the world is witnessing a great development in the
field of nuclear medicine. Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine that uses
radioactive material in medical imaging or pathological diagnosis. It is used
in the treatment of diseases that are difficult to cure by known methods. It
also has many applications and uses in diagnostic treatments. In this report, I
will talk about the most important applications of modern nuclear medicine and
how to use them and what are the risks that can be caused by this type of
medical specialties.

Medicine is a kind of modern medical specialties which is concerned with
studying the effects and applications of radioactive elements. It is used in
treatment of diseases that are difficult to cure by known methods. Where
Nuclear Medicine records radiations emitted from inside objects and bodies
substitute for its external radiations such as X-Ray. This process called
“radiology done inside out” or “endoradiology”.
Radiopharmaceutical or Nuclear radiology is done intravenously or orally. Then,
by gamma cameras, the external examinations are captured and formed images ore
pictures from the radiation emitted by it. There are many similar applications
for that process like Bone scan, Liver scan, renal scan and Lung scan. Both Nuclear
Medicine and radiation are used in diagnostic treatment to ensure the patient’s
health and follow up diseases. Nowadays, most of modern hospitals include
radiation or radioactivity in about one-third of their procedures. Because it
is safe and don’t require issues. Nuclear Medicine is quicker than other
methods it can be used as a treatment for certain diseases. Also more than
10ooo hospital around the world used Nuclear Medicine and radioactivity and employment of
Nuclear Medicine is growing year by year and faster than any occupation. It is
expected to grow 20% between 2012 and 2022.

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Myocardial Perfusion Scan is an application for
Nuclear medicine which means that a very small amount of radiation elements
called Radionuclide are used to scan the heart muscle by evaluates the heart’s
function and blood flow. It is used to track blood pressure and heart function
for people with heart diseases. Radionuclides travel through the blood stream
and the heart muscle absorbs them. The area absorbed by radionuclides differs
from those that aren’t absorbed, thus diagnosing the diseases and calculating
the blood flow. In this way treatment or medication that can be administered to
the patient is determined.

 Liver scan, Thyroid scan
and Lung scan are other specialized applications for radiology procedure which
are used to examine the Liver, Thyroid and Lung to set specific conditions or
to identify their functions. Liver scan is usually used to follow progress of
treatment for some conditions including Spleen scan. For thyroid scan it
provides a lot of information about the structure and function of the thyroid
and its relationship with Hormones. Iodine as an example. Another type of
Nuclear Medicine applications is Lung scan, the most common application to find
pulmonary embolism and examining the blood flow in the Lung. There are two types
of Lung scan which usually used to gather. The first one is Ventilation scan.
It shows the area of the Lung that isn’t holding enough air. The second one is
Perfusion scan. It shows the area of Lung isn’t getting enough blood. All these
scans are carried out by the applications of radionuclides these orangs and
absorbed by it.

 Bone scan using Nuclear
Medicine helps to find cancers which have spread to the Bones and how well
treatment is working. It is done by tiny amount of a radioactive substance
called tracer. The areas which are absorbed too much or too little by tracer
can be affected with cancer. It takes 1 to 4 hours for Bones to absorb the
small radioactive which injected to the body through the vein in the arm. After
that, drinking several glasses of water frequently is very important to remove
the uncollected radioactive material by the Bones. Next, a big scanning camera
will be placed in the body and started to scan the Bones. During the scan, the
camera will move slowly around the body. 1 hour will be taken to scan the whole
body. Technetium-99m is a widely used radioactive tracer isotope in Nuclear
Medicine. T is the most useful element due to its half-life is very short and
it leads to very fast clearing from the body after an imaging process. That
makes it the most commonly used medical radioisotope.


The emerging advancements in Nuclear Medicine are
vast and diverse. It is impossible to predict the ways in which
radiopharmaceutical will improve diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Although
Nuclear imaging techniques have already been used to understand the underlying
the chemical process of brain behavior. Nuclear medicine could be very useful
in deepening our understanding of the metabolism and pharmacology of new drugs,
an area that has only been partially explored with these techniques.