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Converts a Federated EMNIST dataset into an Infinite Federated EMNIST set.


Infinite Federated EMNIST expands each writer from the EMNIST dataset into some number of pseudo-clients each of whose characters are the same but apply a fixed random affine transformation to the original user's characters. The distribution over affine transformation is approximately equivalent to the one described at It applies the following transformations in this order:

  1. A random rotation chosen uniformly between -20 and 20 degrees.
  2. A random shearing adding between -0.2 to 0.2 of the x coordinate to the y coordinate (after centering).
  3. A random scaling between 0.8 and 1.25 (sampled log uniformly).
  4. A random translation between -5 and 5 pixels in both the x and y axes.


  • emnist_client_data: The tff.simulation.ClientData to convert.
  • num_pseudo_clients: How many pseudo-clients to generate for each real client. Each pseudo-client is formed by applying a given random affine transformation to the characters written by a given real user. The first pseudo-client for a given user applies the identity transformation, so the original users are always included.


An expanded tff.simulation.ClientData.