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독립신문 論說에 나타난 體育, 衛生思想硏究

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(A) study on the idea of physical education and sanitary thought shown on the articles of the Independence News
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대학원 사학과
이화여자대학교 대학원
독립신문은, 自主獨立思想과 民主主義思想을 國民에게 啓蒙시키기 위하여 發刊된 우리나라의 最初의 民間紙였다. 당시 獨立協會의 機關紙의 性格을 띄었던 독립신문은, 우리나라에서 本格的인 開化運動이 始作된 1880年代의 위로부터의 改革運動이, 1890年代의 民衆의 思想 을 基盤으로 大衆化의 運動으로 發展하는데 있어서 重要한 役割을 하였다. 독립신문의 體育·衛行思想은, 독립신문思想의 一環으로서, 1890年代末 杜會思想의 흐름 속에서 그 時代의 體育·衛行思想을 代辯해 주는 先鋒的思想이었다. 독립신문의 體育·衛生思想은 實學·初期開化思想에서 繼承·發展된 改新儒學的인 內在的 思想과 西歐近代思想의 영향으로 形成되었다고 하겠다. 독립신문의 體育思想은, 實學思想에서 源流가 된 '兵學'='武藝'를 重視하는 富國强兵思想이었다. 이것이 開心思想과 獨立協會思想으로 發展하면서 近代國家로의 改革과, 한편 世界 列强과의 각축에서 民族의 危機를 극복하려는 思想으로 成長하였다. 卽, 當時 民族的 위기에 對處하여 우리 民族의 위치를 確立하여 새로운 時代를 準備하려는 自强策으로서 더욱 强化되었던 것이다. 따라서 독립신문은 體育을 自强의 수단으로서 또한 軍事間題의 近代化의 수단으로서 歐美先進國의 體育의 導入에 의한 近代化를 指向하였다. 이것은 先進外國의 軍事訓練이 포함되는 體育으로서 歐美 體育體制의 體育과, 西洋實學에 基礎한 健康法으로서의 體育으로 特徵지을 수 있다. 그리고 독립신문의 衛生思想은, 內在的 思想의 思想의 바탕위에서 西歐醫學思想의 導入으로 더욱 具體化되었다. 즉 독립신문은 人間의 尊嚴性을 重視하는 立場에서 健康을 天生의 權利로서 認識하였던 것이다. 독립신문은 個人衛生과 公衆衛生등 全般的인 衛生管理에서 豫防醫學思想을 鼓吹시켰다. 그리고 독립신문은, 個人의 健康은 社會와 國家를 富國시킬 수 있는 原動力이 된다고 認識하였다. 따라서 그 나라의 水準을 가늠해 주는 尺度라 하여 政策的인 支援을 要求하였다. 즉, 독립신문의 衛生思想은, 國民의 健康은, 衛生的인 側面에서 뿐만이 아니라 經濟的인 側面까지 包含한 國家의 文明·開化와 富國함에 있어서, 絶對的인 領域을 차지하고 있음을 認識한 科學的이고 理想的인 思想이었다. 이와같이 독립신문의 體育·衛生思想은, 民衆과 밀착된 自由·平等의 愛民·愛國思想으로서, 우리나라가 文明·開化하고 富國强兵하기 위한 時代的 要求에 符應한 思想이었다. 그리고 앞으로 다가올 近代杜會에 對備한 社會思想의 하나로서, 우리나라 近代體育·衛生思想의 막을 열어준 思想이었던 것이다.;At the end of Yi Dinasty, the idea of physical education and sanitary thought was built up, which was based on practical science and succeeded to and developed its ideas. These ideas were also influenced by modern thoughts which was transmitted from Western European. At that time, the thought of civilization included the idea of physical education and sanitary thought because these ideas were necessary to reform our premodern way of thought and life and to strenghten the national defence. By the way, the idea of physical education and sanitary thought took more concrete shape by the Independence News. It emphasized the consciousness of national defence as the method of realization of patriotism. In order that a nation was civilized and revived and took the victory through the competition among strong nations, we had to organize and maintain the army. According to this request, it was very urgent to cultivate leaders, so military arts education was emphasized. The Indspendence News was conscious of military arts education (=physical education) as a practical science. That is, it was the idea of utilization and public welfare and it's goal was to make a wealthy country and a powerful army. Consequently, the idea of physical education on the Independence News was the idea of our own country. From this point of view we can find meaning on the history of modern physical education. Sanitary thought of the Independence News was based on the idea of human rights and democratic ideas. That is, human beings, whoever, is given from heaven the rights for keeping health equally and a nation had to give it's people the chance to protect this rights. The Independence News said that a national wealth showed their national life, their standard of living. So in order that a country become rich and powerful, the development of sanitary and medical science must be followed. The Independence News also emphasized that our people had to be most powerful one. In order to realize this goal, our nation prevent disease to be in good health bodily, mentally, socially. It enlightened people to realize liveliness of sanitary from a preventive medicine standpoint. Health of each individuals could bring one of a society and a nation. It was written that only healthy people could build up rich and powerful nation. As above mentioned, the ideas of physical education and sanitary thoughts were based on practical science and ideas of civilization and built up being influenced by ideas of Western sanitary and medicine. Consequently, the idea of physical education and sanitary thought shown on the Independence News can be considered as an expression of patriotism and of affection for people because these ideas enlighten people on modern ideas of physical education and sanitary thoughts and enabled our country to be powerful. For these reasons the Independence News remains very important material to understand the formation of ideas of modern physical education.
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