

Notes on Transcription and Research  The Kofoid Papers are held at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives, University of California–San Diego Libraries and include some forty cubic feet of correspondence dated from 1825 to 1947. Carrie Prudence Winter’s Hawaiian material consists of some three cubic feet of letters, photographs , objects, published material. This includes both sides of her correspondence with Charles (Charlie) Kofoid, as well as her letters to her family, Oberlin College classmates, and letters from Kawaiaha‘o Female Seminary students and teachers to her. Most letters and enclosures were found in their original postmarked envelopes. This book focuses on the letters from Carrie to Charles during her years in Hawai‘i (1890–1893). Once painstakingly transcribed, the material yielded twice the size expected. This quantity was too great for a single volume, and so this book presents just a selection of letters from Carrie to Charlie, edited to focus on her experiences in Hawai‘i. It is not a documentary edition of her correspondence. Every eﬀort was made to accurately and faithfully represent the original documents in transcription and to preserve the chronology of the letters. To this end, we have not corrected the spelling, punctuation, or grammatical errors , but only names of people and places and a few other proper nouns. Carrie ’s handwriting is so closely spaced that it was sometimes diﬃcult to identify paragraphs. For clarity, we have inserted paragraph breaks that do not exist in the originals. Every mention of the names, lives, and movements of Carrie’s students and other Hawaiians, however trivial, has been preserved. We eliminated most passages of family news from Connecticut and gossip about classmates and events at Oberlin College. We also omitted substantial material discussing Charlie’s life and studies and shortened Carrie’s long passages of love and longing. After transcription, the word-processed pages were checked against the original manuscripts. The most daunting task was the accurate transcription of names and the identi ﬁcation of individuals in endnotes and in the appendix. There are three broad groups of individuals mentioned in the letters. The ﬁrst group is the white elite of Honolulu, including residents, professionals and business people, tourists, and missionaries and their descendants. Following nineteenth-century practice, XV NOTES ON TRANSCRIPTION  XVII Carrie generally refers to adults in this group by last name only (e.g., Mrs. Coan). As many individuals in Honolulu shared the same last name, we tried to identify the people by the context and checked against other sources when possible. For instance, we consulted the lists of steamer passengers published in newspapers, which sometimes provided ﬁrst names or initials. The second group is foreign teachers and church workers, a group that largely consists of individuals from the United States. Many individuals in this group are associated with Oberlin College or other American colleges and seminaries. We checked names against college directories, biographical directories , membership lists of Christian organizations, genealogical sources and other sources in order to identify them. This work was easier, because Carrie often mentions the college, business, family and home towns of these individuals in her letters. The third group includes students and teachers of Hawaiian nationality at Kawaiaha‘o Female Seminary, as well as other Hawaiians Carrie met in the islands . The Kawaiaha‘o students include many of Hawaiian ancestry, but also some of other or mixed ethnicities. The strategies employed to identify individuals within these broad groups diﬀered slightly. We began by compiling a list of all the individuals mentioned in Carrie’s letters in letters she received from others, in newspaper clippings, in invitations, in programs, and in other printed material within her collection. We also looked at photographs and the lists she kept in her teaching notebook. The task was more diﬃcult than one would think. Most of the names were handwritten, and some were diﬃcult to decipher. Sometimes diﬀerent spellings were provided for the same people. While ﬁrst names were usually supplied for students, some of these were spelled phonetically; at other times, diminutives were used (e.g., Konie for Konia). The full Hawaiian name of each student was rarely given. We have attempted to transcribe the names accurately and to list variations where they occurred. While compiling this list, we read primary and secondary sources relevant to the period. We were able to ﬁnd several corroborative sources. For example, a letter of Ida May Pope (May 3, 1891) in Huntington Library describes the 1891 trip...


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