According to Dr Larisa McLoughlin, a researcher at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Australia, cyber bullying can include both overt (name calling, mocking, shaming) or covert (exclusion, isolation) aspects.

Cyberbullying can involve written-verbal behaviors such as phone calls, text messages and comments on social media.

Eight examples of cyberbullying involve: 

  1. Trolling: purposefully posting hurtful comments to provoke a response. 
  2. Flaming: an array of aggressive comments from one to another.
  3. Visual Behaviors: posting, sending or sharing pictures or videos, usually to cause embarrassment. 
  4. Exclusion: intentionally excluding someone from an online group or, in the case of online gaming, excluding a player from groups or teams.
  5. Catfishing: falsifying online identities to trick the victim into romantic relationships. 
  6. Impersonation: using the victim's name and account to damage the victim. 
  7. Stalking: for example sending multiple text messages to the victim to show the bully knows exactly what they are doing, where they have been.
  8. Threatening violence: for example threatening some form of traditional bullying, such as a physical fight.

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