E271 -- Theoremata arithmetica nova methodo demonstrata

(Demonstration of a new method in the theory of arithmetic)


Euler presents a third proof of the Fermat theorem, the one that lets us call it the Euler-Fermat theorem. This seems to be the proof that Euler likes best. He also proves that the smallest power \(x^n\) that, when divided by a number \(N\), prime to \(x\), and that leaves a remainder of 1, is equal to the number of parts of \(N\) that are prime to \(n\), that is to say, the number of distinct aliquot parts of \(N\).

According to C. G. J. Jacobi, a treatise with this title was read to the Berlin Academy on June 8, 1758.


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