Rio De Janeiro



HISTORY OF in agreement GUARANI the studies of Juliane Vieira Blacksmith (2007), at the time where the Europeans had arrived at South America, in century XVI, had in Brazil some aboriginal communities, between them of the Guarani. A wide parcel of Paraguay is esteem that, in century XVI, the Guarani was more than a million of people and occupied a territory of sets of ten of millions of hectares, that understood since the coast of So Paulo, almost all the South region, until part of Argentina and. The Mato Grosso of the South possesss the second aboriginal population of the country and the majority of this population is concentrated in the south of the state. For the state it is possible to visualize urban villages and villages agricultural between which they are the Guarani-handeva, the Guarani-Kaiw, the Terenas, the Ofas, the Kadiou and the Guat. Amongst these populations, the Guarani people is distinguished that approximately add thirty and five a thousand inhabitants in Brazil. They esteem themselves that when the Europeans had arrived at Brazil this population was of more than a million of people and occupied a territory of sets of ten of millions of hectares.

In the city of Golden, they exist about twelve a thousand indians of the etnias Guarani and Terena. (Vieira 2007) For Meli (1979), the Guarani people had to cease its historical plan and to subordinate it the Spanish conquest, since the conquest of Brazil, the people already were obliged to give up its plans and to obey the other people’s projects. With the arrival of the Spaniard to Paraguay, good part of the Guarani indians had met all with the Juruas and the project of the King of Spain, with sedentos missionaries to gain souls and soldiers in luxury search glory, power and wealth. A part of this aboriginal population was added by the organizations of the great and complex colonial machines in the several encomiendas Spanish, suffering a terrible and immediate demographic disappearance.

Cheap Tickets

Cheap tickets of airplane The idea to visit Malaysia went when visiting its pavilion in Expo 2008 of Saragossa. They gave much tourist information me of a country that I always had ignored. As I prick the curiosity I put myself in contact by means of email with the embassy of Malaysia in Paris to the few days I received by means of ordinary mail more written information, as well as many directions of useful pages of Internet to plan the trip and a map of Malaysia and Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia is one of the safest and stable countries of Asia, that counts on good infrastructures, due to the English presence, and in his majority it is a country in which the local population is Muslim. In order to enter Malaysia or Singapore it is not necessary visa, only passport in force with one you validate minim of 6 months. The official currency is Malayan dollar RM, and to make an approximate calculation we divided the prices between 5 to happen to Euros. There is no problem with the use of cards Visa, at least in the coast the west that is the one that visits I.

Malaysia is a country totally surely, is problem no to take a walk, in addition people are very amiable. But it is not necessary to stop remembering that the drug traffic is punished with the death. Singapore is a country that I enchant myself, is cosmopolitan total, super surely and quite clean, but I saw papers in the streets and much people smoking. I do not know as a country so developed and advanced has so many prohibitions, like in Malaysia, the drug traffic is punished with the death, and in addition is the unique country the world where they have never stopped executing this type of sentences.

Communist Manifesto

Marx Formed itself in right (1841), but was fascinated for philosophy. The German philosophical way then is dominated by the ideas of Hegel; some groups start to use the hegelianas ideas from an atheistic system (119-120). From 1842 it acts as journalist; studying the ideas of Feuerbach he makes a releitura of Hegel and he starts to conceive a proper system. So far the philosophers alone had interpreted the world; it is hour to transform it. (Marx) Engels lived two years in England and folloied of close the conditions to life of the rising English proletarian classroom (132). When Engels published its conclusions, in 1844, Marx wrote to it; soon partners had become (137). Marx developed the idea of the conflict of classrooms as motor of history in 1845. In 1847-48 he leaves the Communist Manifesto; the text presents a general theory of history, an analysis of the European society and a program of revolutionary action.

They participate of the revolutionary agitation of 1848. Edmund Wilson makes a critical analysis of the marxist thought, and of as the Marx/Engels badly had been interpreted by many marxists; it takes for example the question of the dialectic; Marx uses the term not as the argumentativo method of Scrates, but from the beginning of the change considered for Hegel. For German philosopher the dialectic is a law that in such a way conducts the domnios of the logic as the natural world and history; according to it all processes of change possess a uniformity element: they cross a cycle of three phases; the first phase (thesis) is the process of affirmation and unification; after that it comes the dissociao and negation of the thesis (antithesis); porfim occurs a conciliation between thesis and antithesis (synthesis). Applied to the historical process, Hegel cites as example the Republic Roman (thesis); the antithesis is represented by the civil wars and the crisis of the republican model; the synthesis is the implantation of an autocratic order, the Roman Empire.


Infantile and marcante individual history and its traces subsistem, in the adult man. This first intuition was systemize by Freud in its initial works when rejecting successively explanation ' ' nervosa' ' of the mental upheavals and the assumption of the neurosis for the hereditary succession. It sees in the transformations of infancy the origin of the upheavals of the adults. For imitation, assay and error, conditioning and the reasoning. The reasoning is the only exclusive form of the human being, therefore the animals learn for imitation, assay and error, conditioning and ' ' insight' ' 3. Imitation: imitation simply means to repeat the behavior of another creature. Assay and error: as the proper term already implies, assay and error mean to try until obtaining the objective. Conditioning: to explain the conditioning, simplest and to cite the classic experience of Pavlov, a Russian fisiologista: It placed the food close to the dog, at the same time that he touched a buzzer or he lit a red light.

After repeating the situation, some times, it touched the buzzer or only it lit the light and, automatically, the dog salivava, if, the presena of the food. The light and the sound had started to be artificial stimulatons. The connection that if made in it I celebrate of the dog, between the food and the light or sound, took it conditional reply, that is, to a new behavior learned with the concurrence of the natural stimulatons more the artificial stimulatons. Insight: term that does not have translation adjusted in the Portuguese, and a sudden understanding of the situation, when some dumb thing in our percipient field we find the solution for one definitive problem. Reasoning: this and one form to learn exclusive of the human being. It demands a mental operation, is necessary to foresee, to judge, to plan.

Pretty Islands




Brazilian State

They configure thus ' ' estilos' ' of cult derived from determined combinations of the available cultural codes. We will look for to demonstrate to follow that the slight knowledge of ' ' fronteiras' ' ' or ' ' alternativas' ' religious they lose very of its empirical consistency when analyzed of this point of vista' ' vi We find thus, the construction of conditional religious pluralism the religious hegemony perpetrated by the Church Catholic and the connivance of the State, still on the eurocntristas influences of world, that is, the necessity of europeizao seen for us imputes the society concepts of a eurocntrica culture, where religion and State if complement in the descaracterizao of a multicultural and miscigenada society. ' ' We saw that in the process formation of the Brazilian public space to present itself as religion was the only form of possible institutionalization for the expression of practical that they associated heterclitas forms of cure and centered rituals in tanse.' ' vii It is in this context that the Brazilian State constructs one arcabouo legal-legal defining ' ' religioso' ' in reference to the catholic. ' ' In this direction, ' ' belief in Deus' ' , minimum unit of what it can be accepted as ' ' religio' ' , it is referring universal of all practical ones: ' ' All the religions are good because all lead the Deus' ' , says a kardecista motto or, we, all would say the religions we are perceived because they assume the belief in Deus.' ' viii Encontramos here the necessary justification for the abandonment of the laity of the State and its religious regulation, we can say that he passes the State to inside normatizar the functioning of the religions of laws that if keep fidiciary office to the hegemonic concept of religion, that is, the State passes if to inside hold of a permissividade for other religious segments inside of its hegemonic concept of religion or religiosidade, as we will analyze below: ' ' since the first ones moments of the constitution of the republic the combat witchcraft and to the charlatanism was party to suit of establishment of a modern public order.


The NECESSITY OF a SRELIGIO the quandary of nobody to know more which way to follow nummundo with as many religions how many they are the stars of the sky We are in a plural, multifaceted and confused world. If in the scientific way the ambiguity and a doubt are the rule, in the popular way, then, nor she is necessary to point. Almost as a proper rejection of the Law deMurphy, after-modernity comes to proclaim ' ' It was of the Incerteza' ' of Galbraith, and alone it is attending who it, with the humildade and the limpid attention of that LuizCarlos Lisbon spoke, obtains to understand, in part, the ecloso and the profusion deneuroses and mental riots in the current society. On the basis of this generic ambiguity, we deal with aquiapenas the religious question the world. However, if the negative plurality of the doubt, inoculated against all the areas of the human knowledge (as if the universointeiro conspired against the mind human being and said ' ' vocs cannot sabertudo' '), dahumanidade must be seen as harmful or disastrous for the evolution, what not to say of the injected doubt inside of the conscience religiosaou of the human mstico spirit? With effect, the uncommon quo will not be the danocausado one to the Christianity for the avalanche of religions, seitas and denominaes' ' crists' ' of the present time? Perhaps few see until where it goes or certainly nor osprprios ' ' lderes' ' Christians if give to account of the colossal provoked damage religious pelopluripartidarismo, or of the pluridoutrinarismo, as in the politics hyperbolic umaprofuso of parties are not seen as by the majority doscientistas politicians good. However, as the plurality also centuplicou asdvidas, it is opportune to register that much good people defend the idea of ' ' quantomais doubt melhor' ' , alleging that the doubt is the only free mental exercise collateral dosefeitos of laziness (even so it has mental preguias that they nourish perpetual damanuteno of the doubt, as form to prevent the advance).