What is screening?


What are the screening methods for breast cancer?

Clinical breast examination and mammography are encountered as the best screening methods for breast cancer.

What is mammography?

Mammography is an X-ray examination of the breast. This procedure should only be performed when indicated by a physician.

Usually mammography is performed in 2 views, lateral and cranio-podal, for both breasts.

Mammography should be interpreted in a clinical context, due to particular situations in which palpable masses don’t always have an X-ray expression or mammographic lesions which cannot be found at clinical examination.

What is breast ultrasound?

Breast ultrasound is a frequently used method of tumor diagnosis, which is using the physical characteristics of ultrasounds for identifying and distinguishing between various types of breast tumors.

What is breast MRI?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast is a noninvasive medical test that helps physician’s diagnoses lesions. MRI uses a powerful magnetic field, radio frequency pulses and a computer to produce detailed pictures of the breast. The images can then be examined on a computer monitor, transmitted electronically, printed or copied to a CD.

What is PET-CT scan?

Positron emission tomography, also called PET imaging or a PET scan, is a type of nuclear medicine imaging. Today, most PET scans are performed on instruments that are combined PET and CT scanners. The combined PET/CT scans provide images that pinpoint the location of abnormal metabolic activity within the body. The combined scans have been shown to provide more accurate diagnoses than the two scans performed separately.

What is breast (tumor) biopsy?


The sample is then examined and evaluated under a microscope by a pathologist to identify non-cancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant) tissue. The basic aim of a breast biopsy is to determine whether or not a worrisome lump is cancer and, if it is cancer, what type it is. When no cancer is detected, the diagnosis of a benign or harmless lump is reassuring.

What is immunohistochemistry?

IHC, or ImmunoHistoChemistry, is a special staining process performed on breast cancer tissue removed during biopsy. IHC is used to show whether or not the cancer cells have HER2 receptors and/or hormone receptors on their surface. This information plays a critical role in treatment planning.

Breast cancer staging (after UICC – www.uicc.org)

Stage 0 Tis N0 M0
Stage I T1 N0 M0
Stage IIA T0 N1 M0
T1 N1 M0
T2 N0 M0
Stage IIB T2 N1 M0
T3 N0 M0
Stage IIIA T0 N2 M0
T1 N2 M0
T2 N2 M0
T3 N1, N2 M0
Stage IIIB T4 N0, N1, N2 M0
Stage IIIC orice T N3 M0
Stage IV orice T orice N M1

Necessary/Useful documents for medical consultation

For medical consultations in the specialized ambulatory of the Bucharest Oncological Institute “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioareanu” you would need the following:

  • Referral note from the family doctor to who you are enrolled to
  • Proof of medical insurance (employee/student/ certificate, retirement/unemployment/social assistance certificate, notary statement etc.); for more details please visit: http://www.cnas.ro/casmb/page/adeverinta-de-asigurat.html
  • ID card;
  • Health card;
  • Medical records/previous complete reviews.
Medical consultations made within private medical institutions are subject to the terms and conditions they display. You need to schedule you by phone in advance.

Documente necesare pentru programare internare sau interventie chirurgicala

Daca in urma consultatiei medicale se decide necesitatea unei internari/interventii chirurgicale programate va sunt necesare urmatoarele documente:

  • Bilet de trimitere de la medicul de familie la care sunteti arondat catre Institutul Oncologic Bucuresti „Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu”;
  • Dovada calitatii de asigurat medical (adeverinta salariat/student/elev, talon pensie/somaj/ajutor social, declaratie notariala etc.); pentru detalii vizitati: http://www.cnas.ro/casmb/page/adeverinta-de-asigurat.html
  • Cartea de identitate;
  • Cardul de sănătate;
  • Documente medicale/examinari anterioare complete.