Ch.20 - BiotechnologyWorksheetSee all chapters
All Chapters
Ch.1 - Introduction to Biology
Ch.2 - Chemistry
Ch.3 - Water
Ch.4 - Carbon
Ch.5 - Biological Molecules
Ch.6 - Cells
Ch.7 - The Membrane
Ch.8 - Energy and Metabolism
Ch.9 - Respiration
Ch.10 - Photosynthesis
Ch.11 - Cell Signaling
Ch.12 - Cell Division
Ch.13 - Meiosis
Ch.14 - Mendelian Genetics
Ch.15 - Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
Ch.16 - DNA Synthesis
Ch.17 - Gene Expression
Ch.18 - Regulation of Expression
Ch.19 - Viruses
Ch.20 - Biotechnology
Ch.21 - Genomics
Ch.22 - Development
Ch.23 - Evolution by Natural Selection
Ch.24 - Evolution of Populations
Ch.25 - Speciation
Ch.26 - History of Life on Earth
Ch.27 - Phylogeny
Ch.28 - Prokaryotes
Ch.29 - Protists
Ch.30 - Plants
Ch.31 - Fungi
Ch.32 - Overview of Animals
Ch.33 - Invertebrates
Ch.34 - Vertebrates
Ch.35 - Plant Anatomy
Ch.36 - Vascular Plant Transport
Ch.37 - Soil
Ch.38 - Plant Reproduction
Ch.39 - Plant Sensation and Response
Ch.40 - Animal Form and Function
Ch.41 - Digestive System
Ch.42 - Circulatory System
Ch.43 - Immune System
Ch.44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion
Ch.45 - Endocrine System
Ch.46 - Animal Reproduction
Ch.47 - Nervous System
Ch.48 - Sensory Systems
Ch.49 - Muscle Systems
Ch.50 - Ecology
Ch.51 - Animal Behavior
Ch.52 - Population Ecology
Ch.53 - Community Ecology
Ch.54 - Ecosystems
Ch.55 - Conservation Biology

Concept #1: PCR Ingredients

Concept #3: Dideoxy Sequencing

The polymerase chain reaction: a. Doubles a region of DNA each cycleb. Makes a single copy of a region of DNAc. Is used to determine the sequence of a region of DNAd. All are correct
In the shotgun approach to whole-genome sequencing (shotgun sequencing), random DNA fragments of a chromosome are sequenced. The fragment sequences are then assembled into a continuous sequence that represents the DNA of the entire chromosome.What are the steps in the shotgun approach to whole-genome sequencing?Put the following in order from 1-5 (there will be one that is not used)- multiple copies of the same chromosome are prepared- the plasmids are sequenced- 1-kb fragments are transcribed into RNA- Chromosome copies are broken into 1-kb fragments- A computer combines the fragment sequences- 1 kb fragments are cloned into plasmids
For the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to work, the Taq _______ must be heat stable to avoid denaturation.  a. DNA polymerase b. RNA polymerase c. Ribosome d. Primase e. DNA
PCR is used to _____.a. amplify a single gene or smaller piece of DNAb. create DNA without intronsc. insert foreign DNA into a vectord. All of these
PCR requires all of the following EXCEPTa. primers.b. DNA ligase.c. DNA polymerase.d. DNA of interest.e. deoxyrobinucleotides.
If you start with one double-stranded DNA molecule and you perform SIX cycles of PCR, how many double-stranded copies of the DNA will you have?a. 6b. 8c. 16d. 32e. 64
The most likely source of the Taq polymerase used in PCR is a bacterium that lives ina. soil.b. arctic ice.c. hot vents.d. humans.e. plants.
PCR can be used to amplify DNA from any source.a. Trueb. False
During the PCR, the hydrogen bonds of the double-stranded DNA molecules are broken by the enzyme helicase.a. Trueb. False
Polymerase chain reaction is known for its power of amplifying a target DNA sequence at a high speed. Each cycle can double the number of DNA molecules (target sequence). Which of the following is CORRECT regarding PCR?A. In order to make 10 copies of the DNA, you need at least 5 cycles of PCR.B. Helicase is required in order to separate the two strands in PCR.C. Dideoxynucleotides are used in PCR.D. DNA primers are needed in PCR.E. All of the above
A DNA fragment was sequenced using dideoxy DNA sequencing. In this procedure, ddATP was tagged with a green dye, ddCTP was tagged with a blue dye, ddGTP was tagged with a yellow dye and ddTTP was tagged with a red dye. The primer used had the sequence 5'-GACTC-3' . Given the gel electrophoresis representation shown below, what was the sequence of the DNA fragment (template strand)?
Complementary DNA (cDNA) is a double-stranded molecule. In the laboratory, how is cDNA generated from a eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA)?A. Reverse transcriptase generates two single-stranded cDNAs from different mRNA molecules which hybridize to form double-stranded DNA.B. Reverse transcriptase generates a single-stranded cDNA and then uses that cDNA as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA strand.C. Reverse transcriptase generates a single-stranded cDNA and the DNA ligase synthesizes the complementary strand.D. Reverse transcriptase generates a single-stranded cDNA and then DNA polymerase synthesizes the complementary strand.
Describe what DNA sequencing is
How will larger pieces of DNA move compared to smaller pieces of DNA?
In Northern blotting, electrophoresis is used to resolve which biological molecules? What type of probe is used to identify the target molecule(s)?
Why is an enzyme from a thermophilic bacterium used in PCR?A. DNA is replicated at a high temperature that denatures most proteins.B. The enzyme makes DNA that is more similar to human DNA.C. It is cheaper to obtain from live microorganisms than producing the enzyme in a lab.D. This thermophile's enzyme will synthesize DNA.
Which of the following is not required for PCR?A. DNA polymeraseB. dNTPSC. HelicaseD. PrimersE. None of the above (all are required)
Which statement about PCR is INCORRECT?A. is a way to duplicate DNA outside of an organismB. involves increasing the temperature of the DNA to cause it to unwindC. requires a restriction enzymeD. requires DNA polymeraseE. does not use DNA helicase
In a PCR reaction, if you start with a single copy of a DNA template, how many copies will there be after:A. 4 rounds of PCR amplification?B. 25 rounds of PCR amplification?
PCR is a molecular biology technique that allows us to replicate DNA in an in vitro system without the need for a 'replisome'. What conditions or elements used in PCR mimic the effects of the following parts in the replisome? Explain your answer in 1 or 2 sentences.A. HelicaseB. PrimaseC. DNA pol III
Why are you performing two PCR reactions on each DNA sample?
In order to determine if a mutation has occured in Gene X, DNA is sequenced using the Sanger method. Briefly explain how this method works and then give the sequence of DNA (10 bases) that is represented by the following gel. Be sure to label the 5' and 3' end of the DNA.Lane 1: dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP, ddATPLane 2: dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP, ddGTPLane 3: dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP, ddTTPLane 4: dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP, ddCTP
What is thesequence of the TEMPLATE strand synthesized using Sanger sequencing in the figure shown below? Report this sequence in the customary 5' to 3' direction.
What is the important feature of DNA polymerases used for PCR that distinguishes them from all other DNA polymerases?
List the three steps in a PCR, and briefly indicate what happens at each step. 
A 13-nucleotide long DNA template was sequenced by the chain-terminator method (the Sanger method) using a 5'-TAG primer. The resulting fragments were analyzed by gel electrophoresis as shown below. In each of the four different gel lanes (or wells), a different ddNTP was used (i.e. ddATP for the 1st well, ddGTP for the 2nd, ddCTP for the 3rd, and ddTTP or the 4th).Determine the sequence of the DNA template strand.
You are interested in the sequence of a 10-base segment f a gene. Using the chain-terminator procedure, you obtain the results shown below after gel electrophoresis.A. What is the sequence read from the gel (5'→3')?B. What is the sequence of the gene segments (5'→3')?