AMARC Europa invitó a Damian Loreti (Junta AMARC Internacional) to reflect on this year’s Prensa UNESCO Libertad Día topic: "Medios para la democracia: Journalism and Elections in Times of Disinformation”

En 2016 el Diccionario de Oxford eligió el término “posterior a la verdad” como la palabra del año, in a context in which the incessant circulation of information mediated by social networks today has put us in front of the need to discern between exact news , inaccurate, true or false (fake news).

In many cases we talk about specially developed information (or content) aimed at carefully developed user profiles, based on the non-consensual use of personal data (interests, friends, schedules, cultural consumption, etcétera). These are forms of communication assisted by filters based on algorithms or artificial intelligence that process huge volumes of data and can self-perfect their performances (machine learning), initially to publicize products. Digital platforms, initially unaware of the information/opinion/entertainment relationship, have begun to worry and put in place measures to mitigate what they will consider as manipulation. For this they decided to appeal in some cases to third instances of verification. Although it is not the central motive of this collaboration, it would also be necessary to meditate on who verifies the verifiers because the complaints of those contracted by these companies are already public due to pressures of a different nature.

Damian Loreti received a PHD in Information Sciences from the Univ. Complutense de Madrid and is lawyer and lecturer with focus on freedom of information at the Communication Department of the Universidad de Buenos Aires.

The incidence of false or not entirely true news, it is supposed, had affected the result of cardinal political processes for the world reality as the election of Donald Trump for the presidency of the USA, the referendum for the departure of Great Britain from the European Union (Brexit) or the plebiscite for the peace agreement between the Colombian government and the FARC and the presidential election in Brazil. Sin embargo, not everything is the same.

When we speak of post-truth, according to Oxford, we refer tocircumstances in which objective facts have less influence on the formation of public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief”. That is, the reinforcement of a certain ideological perspective through emotional elements or rather a kind ofto each one what each one wants to hear”. In some cases, with inaccuracies, credibility, exaggerations or, in other cases, with smooth and plain fallacies. It would be, in some way, the non-relation between a proposition that is presented as legitimate and the facts to which it refers.

Por otra parte, the fake news appear as news, cuentos, images or any type of falsified contents with a certain intentionality. That means putting into circulation with a deliberate objective of advocacy in the public sphere. This is not entirely new. En 1898, American press tycoon William Randolph Hearst sent the cartoonist Frederic Remington, who telegraphed his boss from Havana saying: “Nothing special. All is calm. There will be no war. I would like to go back”. Hearst’s strict response was: “Provide drawings, I will provide the war”. The subsequent putting into circulation of images and information that sought to act on feelings pushed the war. Thirty years later, in a similar way, but with innocent entertainment objectives, Orson Welles staged another war. Through the antennas of the Columbia Broadcasting System, a fictional extraterrestrial invasion was broadcast inThe War of the Worldsbut narrated with the construction tools of informative verisimilitude of the moment, which motivated enormous signs of panic in the streets of New York.

The discussion around the truthfulness of the information, the manipulation of data and information and the proliferation of rumors with the purpose of influencing the formation of public opinion, overturning electoral results or generating alterations in the markets goes back, as we said, much more beyond the emergence of social networks.

Rather, it presents itself as an inherent challenge to the shaping of the public sphere and to the role of the mass media in the construction of stereotypes, consensual ideas and stigmatization around dissent in contemporary democracies.

This context poses new challenges for community media. Especially in countries that have become refractory to participation as the soul of democracy, to “memory, truth and justice” policies related to human rights violations or even to the events of the wars that have taken place. But the challenges to be faced are no more serious than fighting for the consolidation of the sector in times (past and present) of persecution and dictatorships and autocracies.

The closeness with our audiences puts us in a place. Being close to our audiences puts us in a privileged place to be those whoas alwayshave to contribute to the right to communication and, above all, to have accurate information. This concept, which has generated great debates about its implications and consequences, is not a purely legal concept that has been debated.

Community radios do not need laws or regulations, and less we do not need Truth Ministries for verifying how truthful and accurate we are. When we are persecuted the reason is not based on saying falsehoods. The reason is our consistent and obstinate search for truth. Truth committed to the values ​​of peoples, derechos humanos, democracy and social justice.

The new context forces us to be more imaginative in terms of alliances and incorporation of technologies. Not to change principles. The creation of community networks that face the monopolies of infrastructure are an example among many.

Our reason for beingwe said in the “14 Principles” – is to promote social development, derechos humanos, cultural and linguistic diversity and the plurality of information and opinions, democratic values ​​and the satisfaction of social communication and peaceful coexistence. how to guarantee access and participation of all races, ethnicities, genders, sexual and religious orientations.

The experiences teach that the owners of the platforms do not usually believe in this and that they also censor. But the censorships fall over the most vulnerable. That is why it is time to ratify our beliefs and principles. By whatever means.