@article {79379, title = {Effects of experimental harvesting of an invasive hybrid cattail on wetland structure and function}, journal = {Restoration Ecology}, volume = {27}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-03-2019}, pages = {389 - 398}, doi = {10.1111/rec.2019.27.issue-210.1111/rec.12859}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/rec.2019.27.issue-2http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/rec.12859http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/rec.12859/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Frec.12859}, author = {Keyport, Samantha and Carson, Brendan D. and Johnson, Olivia and Lawrence, Beth A. and Lishawa, Shane C. and Tuchman, Nancy C. and Kelly, John J.} } @article {79313, title = {Effects of experimental harvesting of an invasive hybrid cattail on wetland structure and function}, journal = {Restoration Ecology}, volume = {36}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-08-2019}, abstract = {Invasive plants, such as the hybrid cattail Typha {\texttimes} glauca, can reduce biodiversity and alter the ability of wetlands to provide critical ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling and carbon storage. Several approaches have been used to reduce Typha dominance and restore invaded wetlands, but long-term studies assessing benefits of these restoration efforts are limited. A previous study demonstrated that aboveground harvesting of Typha {\texttimes} glauca stems and litter reduced Typha dominance 2 years post-treatment in a Great Lakes coastal wetland. In the current study, we extended monitoring of experimental aboveground Typha harvest to 4 years post-treatment and added assessments of treatment effects on soil nutrients, carbon emissions, and microbial community composition. Aboveground harvest treatment resulted in a dramatic reduction in Typha litter cover that persisted for 4 years, increased soil temperature, and increased abundance of the native plant genus Carex. However, aboveground harvest treatment did not significantly reduce Typha abundance, nor did it have significant effects on soil nutrient concentrations, carbon fluxes, or the taxonomic composition of soil microbial communities. We did observe differences in bacterial community composition between plots based on time since Typha invasion, which may indicate some legacy effects of Typha invasion. At the scale of this experiment (4 {\texttimes} 4 m plots), our results indicate that a single aboveground removal of Typha {\texttimes} glauca is not sufficient to restore a heavily invaded freshwater wetland ecosystem, and that periodic harvesting of Typha stems and litter may be required to maintain native plant abundance.}, keywords = {bacteria, community, Invasive species, RESTORATION, Typha{\texttimes}glauca, wetland}, doi = {10.1111/rec.12859}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/rec.12859http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/rec.12859/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Frec.12859}, author = {Keyport, Samantha and Carson, Brendan D. and Johnson, Olivia and Lawrence, Beth A. and Lishawa, Shane C. and Tuchman, Nancy C. and Kelly, John J.} } @article {74264, title = {Mechanical Harvesting Effectively Controls Young Typha spp. Invasion and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data Enhances Post-treatment Monitoring}, journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science}, volume = {831315671683433672843319314918389302912489816422430302319361088311696037119153711652813211924193674181793422}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-04-2019}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2017.00619}, url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.00619/fullhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.00619/full}, author = {Lishawa, Shane C. and Carson, Brendan D. and Brandt, Jodi S. and Tallant, Jason M. and Reo, Nicholas J. and Albert, Dennis A. and Monks, Andrew M. and Lautenbach, Joseph M. and Clark, Eric} } @article {74055, title = {Typha invasion associated with reduced aquatic macroinvertebrate abundance in northern Lake Huron coastal wetlands}, journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research}, volume = {42}, year = {2016}, month = {Jan-12-2016}, pages = {1412 - 1419}, abstract = {Aquatic macroinvertebrates are a critical component of wetland nutrient cycling and food webs, with many fish and wildlife species depending upon them as food resources; but little is known about how invasion by dominant macrophytes may alter community dynamics. We examined the impacts of Typha invasion on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in three northern Great Lakes coastal wetlands by comparing community composition between stands of native emergent marsh and those dominated by invasive Typha. Typha invaded zones were associated with shallower and coolerwater than native emergent zones, and we detected decreased aquatic macroinvertebrate density and biomass in invaded zones. After accounting for the positive effect of plant species richness on macroinvertebrate abundance, we observed Typha invaded coastal zones had less total macroinvertebrate and insect biomass than native zones across all levels of plant richness. Our results suggest that Typha invasion reduces habitat quality for aquatic macroinvertebrates by homogenizing structural diversity and reducing water temperatures, which in turn may negatively impact predatory organisms by decreasing food resources. We recommend experimental tests of Typha management treatments to identify techniques that may promote structurally diverse and biologically rich Great Lakes coastal wetlands.}, keywords = {Great Lakes coastal wetlands, Invasive species, Macroinvertebrates, TYPHA X GLAUCA}, issn = {03801330}, doi = {10.1016/j.jglr.2016.08.009}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0380133016301514http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0380133016301514?httpAccept=text/plainhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0380133016301514?httpAccept=text/xml}, author = {Lawrence, Beth A. and Bourke, Kimberly and Lishawa, Shane C. and Tuchman, Nancy C.} } @article {70086, title = {Biomass harvest of invasive Typha promotes plant diversity in a Great Lakes coastal wetland}, journal = {Restoration Ecology}, year = {2015}, note = {Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)}, month = {01/2015}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {Ecological and financial constraints limit restoration efforts, preventing the achievement of desired ecological outcomes. Harvesting invasive plant biomass for bioenergy has the potential to reduce feedback mechanisms that sustain invasion, while alleviating financial limitations. Typha {\texttimes} glauca is a highly productive invasive wetland plant that reduces plant diversity, alters ecological functioning, its impacts increase with time, and is a suitable feedstock for bioenergy. We sought to determine ecological effects of Typha utilization for bioenergy in a Great Lakes coastal wetland by testing plant community responses to harvest-restoration treatments in stands of 2 age classes and assessing community resilience through a seed bank study. Belowground harvesting increased light penetration, diversity, and richness and decreased Typha dominance and biomass in both years post-treatment. Aboveground harvesting increased light and reduced Typha biomass in post-year 1 and in post-year 2, increased diversity and richness and decreased Typha dominance. Seed bank analysis revealed that young stands (<20 years) had greater diversity, richness, seedling density, and floristic quality than old stands (>30 years). In the field, stand-age did not affect diversity or Typha dominance, but old stands had greater Typha biomass and slightly higher richness following harvest. Harvesting Typha achieved at least 2 desirable ecological outcomes: reducing Typha dominance and increasing native plant diversity. Younger stands had greater potential for native recovery, indicated by more diverse seed banks. In similar degraded wetlands, a single harvest of Typha biomass would likely result in significant biodiversity and habitat improvements, with the potential to double plant species richness.}, keywords = {SEED BANK}, doi = {10.1111/rec.12167}, author = {Lishawa, Shane C. and Lawrence, Beth A. and Albert, Dennis A. and Tuchman, Nancy C.} } @article {70093, title = {Herbicide management of invasive cattail (Typha~{\texttimes}~glauca) increases porewater nutrient concentrations}, journal = {Wetlands Ecology and Management}, year = {2015}, note = {Partially funded by REU program}, type = {PI}, abstract = {Invasive wetland plants are the primary targets of wetland management to promote native communities and wildlife habitat, but little is known about how commonly implemented restoration techniques influence nutrient cycling. We tested how experimental mowing, herbicide application, and biomass harvest (i.e., removal of aboveground biomass) treatments of Typha-invaded mesocosms altered porewater nutrient (NO3 -, NH4 +, PO 4 -3 ) concentration and supply rate, vegetation response, and light penetration to the soil surface. We found that while herbicide application eliminated the target species, it also reduced native plant density and biomass, as well as increased porewater nutrient concentration (PO 4 -3 , NO3 -) and supply rates (N, P, K) up to a year after treatments were implemented. Because herbicide application promotes nutrient enrichment, it may increase the likelihood of reinvasion by problematic wetland invaders, as well as cause eutrophication and deleterious algal blooms in adjacent aquatic systems. Our data suggest that biomass harvest should be considered by managers aiming to reduce Typha abundance without eradicating native diversity, avoid nutrient leaching, as well as possibly utilizing biomass for bioenergy.}, keywords = {WETLAND MANAGEMENT}, doi = {10.1007/s11273-015-9471-x}, author = {Lawrence, Beth A. and Lishawa, Shane C. and Rodriguez, Yarency and Tuchman, Nancy C.} } @article {70115, title = {Denitrification in a Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetland invaded by hybrid cattail (Typha~{\texttimes}~glauca)}, journal = {Aquatic Sciences}, volume = {76}, year = {2014}, month = {03-2014}, pages = {483-495}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {Wetland ecosystems maintain and improve water quality through the process of denitrification, an increasingly important ecosystem service due to global N pollution. Invasive plants have the potential to disrupt denitrification by altering the environmental conditions that facilitate this process. Great Lakes coastal wetlands are experiencing widespread invasion by highly productive hybrid cattail with largely uncertain biogeochemical effects. Through field and controlled mesocosm studies, we sought to determine the effects of cattail invasion through time on denitrification rates and associated environmental factors in a Great Lakes coastal wetland. In the field, we found that cattail density correlated with increased denitrification and a suite of environmental and plant community characteristics and denitrification rates were positively correlated with NH4 +, sediment organic matter, reduced water levels, and cattail stand age. Through our controlled mesocosm study, we documented conditions 1- and 5-year following invasion and found that denitrification rates and soil organic matter increased in year 5, and cattail and year-since-invasion altered plant communities and soil NH4 +. Only a weak correlation between denitrification rates and cattail treatments was noted, however, owing to high replicate variability. Our results indicate that with increasing cattail residence time, one ecosystem service, biodiversity, was negatively impacted, while two other services, denitrification and sediment carbon accumulation, were enhanced. Thus, this highly invaded wetland still provides valuable services to aquatic ecosystems and to society. A holistic perspective is therefore critical when evaluating invasive species impacts in which negative impacts are weighed against other ecosystem services, which may be stimulated.}, keywords = {TYPHA X GLAUCA}, doi = {10.1007/s00027-014-0348-5}, author = {Lishawa, Shane C. and Jankowski, Kathi Jo and Geddes, Pamela and Larkin, Daniel J. and Monks, Andrew M. and Tuchman, Nancy C.} } @article {70155, title = {Reconstructing plant invasions using historical aerial imagery and pollen core analysis: Typha in the Laurentian Great Lakes}, journal = {Diversity and Distributions}, volume = {19}, year = {2013}, month = {01/2013}, pages = {14-28}, abstract = {Aim Determining the spatial-temporal spread of an invasive plant is vital for understanding long-term impacts. However, invasions have rarely been directly documented given the resources required and the need for substantial foresight. One method widely used is historical photography interpretation, but this can be hard to verify. We attempt to improve this method by linking historical aerial photos to a paleobotanical analysis of pollen cores. Location Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands, United States of America. Methods We chose invasive cattail (Typha) as our model species because it is identifiable from aerial imagery and has persistent, identifiable pollen, and its ecological impacts appear to be time-dependent. We used Geographic Information Systems, aerial photo-interpretation and field verification to post-dict the invasion history of Typha in several wetland ecosystems. Using 210Pb and 137Cs sediment dating and pollen classification, we correlated the temporal dominance of Typha to our estimates of per cent coverage at one site. The pollen record was then used to estimate the Typha invasion dynamics for dates earlier than those for which aerial photos were available. Results Typha spread through time in all study wetlands. Typha pollen dominance increased through time corresponding with increased spatial dominance. Hybrid cattail, T. {\texttimes} glauca increased in pollen abundance relative to T. angustifolia pollen through time. Main conclusions This study illustrates the value of generating historical invasion maps with publically available aerial imagery and linking these maps with paleobotanical data to study recent (< 100 years) invasions. We determined rates of Typha expansion in two coastal wetland types, validated our mapping methods and modelled the relationship between pollen abundance and wetland coverage, enhancing the temporal precision and breadth of analyses. Our methodology should be replicable with similar invasive plant species. The combination of pollen records and historical photography promises to be a valuable additional tool for determining invasion dynamics.}, keywords = {WETLANDS VEGETATION}, doi = {10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00929.x}, author = {Lishawa, Shane C. and Treering, David. J. and Vail, Lane M. and McKenna, Owen and Grimm, Eric C. and Tuchman, Nancy Crandall} } @article {70159, title = {Appropriation of nitrogen by the invasive cattail Typha{\texttimes}glauca}, journal = {Aquatic Botany}, volume = {100}, year = {2012}, month = {7/2012}, pages = {62 - 66}, abstract = {A 15N-addition mesocosm experiment was used to study competition for nitrogen (N) between the aggressive cattail species Typha {\texttimes} glauca (T. latifolia {\texttimes} T. angustifolia) Godr. (hybrid cattail) and a suite of native plant species often found in marshes Typha invades. Plant uptake of 15N released from labeled Typha and native-species litter was then measured in a pot experiment with new cohorts of two native plant species (Juncus balticus Willd. and Schoenoplectus acutus Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) grown with and without Typha. In both experiments, species differed in their above- and belowground uptake of 15N, with Typha outperforming the other species (1.7{\textendash}5.0-times greater mean uptake, P = <0.0001{\textendash}0.007). Typha then held on more strongly to the N it acquired: newly grown native plants in the pot experiment acquired more 15N from native litter than from Typha litter (1.4{\textendash}12.0-times greater mean uptake, P = 0.0006{\textendash}0.017). In contrast, Typha showed no differences in N uptake by litter type (P = 0.16{\textendash}0.54). There were no main effects of live Typha on native-plant N uptake (P = 0.64{\textendash}0.86), but there were modest interactions between Typha presence and litter type (P = 0.030{\textendash}0.091). Where native plants and Typha co-occurred, native species matched Typha in recovering 15N from native litter (P = 0.17{\textendash}0.33) but recovered 90{\textendash}96\% less 15N from Typha litter (P = 0.020{\textendash}0.021). Typha{\textquoteright}s higher overall N recovery was due to both greater biomass production and uptake efficiency (15N per unit dry weight). Typha{\textquoteright}s greater N uptake and retention, repeated over multiple cycles of senescence and new growth, should lead to an increasing appropriation of N away from native species and into living and dead Typha biomass.}, keywords = {WETLANDS}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.03.001}, author = {Larkin, Daniel J. and Lishawa, Shane C. and Tuchman, Nancy C.} } @article {70222, title = {Mechanisms of dominance by the invasive hybrid cattail Typha~{\texttimes}~glauca}, journal = {Biological Invasions}, volume = {14}, year = {2012}, chapter = {65}, abstract = {The mechanisms by which invasive plants displace native species are often not well elucidated, limiting knowledge of invasion dynamics and the scientific basis for management responses. Typha {\texttimes} glauca Godr. invades wetlands throughout much of North America. Like other problematic wetland invaders, Typha is large, grows densely, and leaves behind copious litter. It thus has the potential to impact wetlands both in life and after death. We assessed patterns in field settings and used simulated wetland-plant communities to experimentally test abiotic and community responses to live Typha, Typha litter, and water-level differences (confounded in the field) using a full-factorial design. In general, litter was a stronger driver of change than live Typha. The greatest impacts were seen where, as in nature, live and dead Typha co-occurred. Live-Typha treatments did not differ from controls in light or temperature conditions but did reduce community biomass and alter community composition. Litter strongly affected light, temperature and its variability, community and species-level plant biomass, and community composition. Interactions between live Typha and litter affected aspects of plant-community composition. Advantageously for Typha, interspecific litter effects were not mirrored by intraspecific suppression of live Typha. These findings clarify how Typha is such an effective invader. Similar mechanisms are likely involved in invasions by other plant species, particularly in wetlands. Managers should respond quickly to new Typha invasions and, when dealing with established stands, remove litter in addition to eradicating live plants.}, keywords = {COMPETITION, INVASIVE SPEICIES, LITTER, TYPHA X GLAUCA, wetland}, doi = {10.1007/s10530-011-0059-y}, author = {Larkin, Daniel J. and Freyman, Monika J. and Lishawa, Shane C. and Geddes, Pamela and Tuchman, Nancy C.} } @article {70240, title = {Water Level Decline Promotes Typha X glauca Establishment and Vegetation Change in Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands}, journal = {Wetlands}, volume = {30}, year = {2010}, month = {12/2010}, pages = {1085 - 1096}, abstract = {Climate change is predicted to reduce Laurentian Great Lakes water levels, altering coastal wetland ecosystems and potentially stimulating invasive macrophytes, like Typha X glauca. Recent prolonged low water levels, which climaxed in 2007, created conditions comparable to those predicted by climate change science. In 2008, we examined ecosystem and plant community properties in 14 intact northern Great Lakes coastal wetlands and compared community data with data from a 1987{\textendash}1989 high-water period, before T. X glauca invasion. In 2008, T. X glauca occurred in 50\% of wetlands and 16\% of plots; was associated with reduced Floristic Quality and increased soil organic matter, soil nutrients, and leaf litter (all p < 0.05); and plant community composition had shifted and was more homogeneous than in 1988 (both p < 0.05). Additionally, T. X glauca was more dominant when growing behind barrier beach ridges, which form in high-water conditions and persist in low-water, than in lake-exposed marshes (p < 0.05), revealing a physiographic mechanism for increased dominance. Beach ridges protect T. X glauca from wave and seiche energy, and as water levels decline, these energy-insulating microtopographic features will likely stimulate further invasion and dominance by T. X glauca, even in high quality wetlands.}, keywords = {WETLANDS VEGETATION}, doi = {10.1007/s13157-010-0113-z}, author = {Lishawa, Shane C. and Albert, Dennis A. and Tuchman, Nancy C.} }