@article {Mavi:2016:0251-0952:393, title = "Rate of radicle emergence and leakage of electrolytes provide quick predictions of percentage normal seedlings in standard germination tests of radish (Raphanus sativus)", journal = "Seed Science and Technology", parent_itemid = "infobike://ista/sst", publishercode ="ista", year = "2016", volume = "44", number = "2", publication date ="2016-07-01T00:00:00", pages = "393-409", itemtype = "ARTICLE", issn = "0251-0952", eissn = "1819-5717", url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ista/sst/2016/00000044/00000002/art00013", doi = "doi:10.15258/sst.2016.44.2.12", author = "Mavi, K. and Powell, A.A. and Matthews, S.", abstract = "The potential of radicle emergence (RE) and electrical conductivity (EC) tests to predict normal seedlings (%) was investigated in ten commercially available lots of radish. The mean germination time (MGT), calculated from frequent counts of RE, and one count of RE at 48 hours, consistently predicted germination (eight out of nine R 2 0.900). EC measurements of seed soak water (3 \texttimes 100 seeds in 40 ml distilled water) after 1, 3, 5, 17 and 24 hours soaking in four tests at 20\textdegreeC were also highly predictive of normal seedlings (%) and MGT (25 out of 28 R 2 values 0.80). EC readings from 20 single seeds (five hours in 8 ml water at 20\textdegreeC) of each lot, followed by germination at 10\textdegreeC revealed the highest leakage from dead seeds and seeds that produced abnormal seedlings, followed by slow germinating (to RE) seeds that produced normal seedlings. Hydration treatment of single seeds from three lots (five hours at 20\textdegreeC, then dried back) reduced leakage and MGT, which are interpreted as the result of metabolic repair of deteriorated membranes and support the ageing/repair hypothesis. Both EC and RE tests therefore provide quick and repeatable predictions of percentage normal seedlings in radish.", }