@conference{23a86d4ed8284fc6914ee5abc4a7a5f6, title = "Differential plasticity of inhibitory transmission in two principal neuron types within the olfactory cortex", abstract = "Objective The anterior piriform cortex (APC) is the largest area of olfactory cortex and is important for coding and learning of odorants. Neural circuits in APC are regulated by ongoing sensory and learning activity via changes in upstream olfactory bulb (OB) activity. However, how sensory activity impacts neuronal circuits in APC remains unclear. Principal neurons in APC are mainly located in layer 2 and are classified into two major groups: semilunar (SL) and superficial pyramidal (SP) cells, which can be distinguished by their input and output connectivity, and neurophysiological features. As the two neuron types receive different excitatory activity, we hypothesize that inhibitory transmission on SL and SP cells is differentially regulated by sensory activity to match excitation. Methods We deprived neural activity on one side of the olfactory system using naris occlusion, and explored the plasticity of SL vs. SP cells using electrophysiology, optogenetics, and immunofluorescent staining. Results Patch-clamp recordings showed that spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in SL cells were more frequent and larger (amplitude) when compared to SP cells in sham-treated animals. In contrast, naris occlusion significantly reduced the amplitude, but not frequency, of sIPSCs in SL cells. Next, we examined the hypothesis that parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons contribute to this plasticity by expressing ChR2 in PV-Cre mice and monitoring their output in slices. In sham mice, the amplitude and latency of evoked PV IPSCs were not detectably different between SL and SP cells; however, naris occlusion significantly increased the latency, but not amplitude, in PV → SL but not PV → SP circuits. Conclusion These findings suggest that SL and SP cells in APC are differentially regulated in an activity-dependent manner. The mechanisms of this differential plasticity may be important in regulating how APC extracts relevant information from OB.", keywords = "Synaptic plasticity, neural circuits, sensory experience, inhibitory plasticity", author = "Hehai JIANG and Anni GUO and Arthur CHIU and LAU, {Geoffrey C. Y.}", year = "2019", month = "10", day = "11", language = "English", note = "The 13th Biennial Conference of Chinese Neuroscience Society (CNS 2019), CNS 2019 ; Conference date: 10-10-2019 Through 13-10-2019", url = "http://www.cns.org.cn/2019/, http://www.cns.org.cn/2019/program_5.html", }