TY - JOUR T1 - Acute Encephalopathy Associated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy JF - American Journal of Neuroradiology JO - Am. J. Neuroradiol. SP - 2311 LP - 2315 VL - 26 IS - 9 AU - Wada, Akihiko AU - Yoshida, Rika AU - Oda, Kazushige AU - Fukuba, Eiji AU - Uchida, Nobue AU - Kitagaki, Hajime Y1 - 2005/10/01 UR - http://www.ajnr.org/content/26/9/2311.abstract N2 - Summary: Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy is useful against various immune system disorders and viral infections. It is generally safe, and serious adverse reactions are uncommon. We report a rare case of acute encephalopathy following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for human herpes virus 6 infection in a child. MR imaging findings suggest that the dominant causative mechanism of acute encephalopathy is cytotoxic edema, and the findings indicate 2 primary mechanisms. Reversibility of the restriction of water diffusion (low apparent diffusion coefficient value) on diffusion-weighted MR imaging suggests intramyelinic edema in the myelin sheath, and an increase of glutamate and glutamine complex peak on MR spectroscopy suggests excitotoxic injury to the neurons and astrocytes. ER -