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Open access

Myrtille Fouché, Yves Bouffard, Mary-Charlotte Le Goff, Johanne Prothet, François Malavieille, Pierre Sagnard, Françoise Christin, Davy Hayi-Slayman, Arnaud Pasquer, Gilles Poncet, Thomas Walter and Thomas Rimmelé

Introduction Small-bowel neuroendocrine tumours (SB-NETs) are rare secreting neoplasms. Hormones (serotonin, histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins and chromogranin-A) released into the systemic circulation can lead to a carcinoid syndrome (CS

Open access

Magaly Zappa, Olivia Hentic, Marie-Pierre Vullierme, Matthieu Lagadec, Maxime Ronot, Philippe Ruszniewski and Valérie Vilgrain

grouped as gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, or GEP-NETs. They are frequently metastasised at diagnosis, and the liver is the most common site of metastases ( 1 ). The presence of liver metastases is a significant negative prognostic factor

Open access

K G Samsom, L M van Veenendaal, G D Valk, M R Vriens, M E T Tesselaar and J G van den Berg

Introduction Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) represent a heterogeneous group of rare tumours, which have a relatively indolent disease course. Primary NETs can arise from neuroendocrine cells at various anatomic sites. They

Open access

E T Aristizabal Prada and C J Auernhammer

Introduction Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system are often metastasized at the time of diagnosis and curative resection is not possible in all cases ( 1 , 2 ). Our knowledge on medical therapy of advanced

Open access

Ashley K Clift, Omar Faiz, Robert Goldin, John Martin, Harpreet Wasan, Marc-Olaf Liedke, Erik Schloericke, Anna Malczewska, Guido Rindi, Mark Kidd, Irvin M Modlin and Andrea Frilling

Introduction Small bowel (SB) neuroendocrine tumours (NET) are accruing significant clinical attention due to their increasing incidence ( 1 , 2 ) in addition to recent advances in their molecular biology ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ) and treatment

Open access

K E Lines, R P Vas Nunes, M Frost, C J Yates, M Stevenson and R V Thakker

Introduction Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder, characterised by the combined occurrence of tumours of the parathyroid glands, and neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of the pancreatic islets and anterior

Open access


Introduction Small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours pose a management dilemma between surveillance and resection due to the uncertain natural history of these tumours. The case for surveillance in tumours ≤2 cm is supported by European

Open access

M S Elston, V B Crawford, M Swarbrick, M S Dray, M Head and J V Conaglen

secondary to prostate neuroendocrine carcinoma ( 15 ). While somatostatin receptor scintigraphy can be helpful to identify neuroendocrine tumours such as bronchial carcinoids causing CS, given the likely aggressive underlying tumour in this setting, FDG

Open access

Jean-Benoît Corcuff, Laurence Chardon, Ines El Hajji Ridah and Julie Brossaud

Introduction Endocrine and neuroendocrine tumours diagnosis is based on the convergence of clinical, imaging and biological arguments. Tumour secretory markers are often hormones (or their metabolites) that are secreted by normal tissue as

Open access


MRI should be considered for surveying adrenal glands every three years, and surveillance for pituitary disease by MRI occurs at 3–5 yearly intervals ( 3 ). Recently, the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) published consensus guidance on