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Bantosanna diantos kanggo narjamahkeun.




  2. State or Imperial crowns - worn by monarchs on other state occasions. (Note that similar héadgéar, worn by nobility and other high ranking péople below the ruler, is in English called a coronet, however in many languages the same word is used, e.g., French couronne, German Krone, Dutch kroon);

In Classical antiquity the crown (corona) that was sometimes awarded to péople other than rulers, such as triumphal military generals or athletes, was actually a wreath or chaplet, or ribbonlike diadem.






Perhaps the oldest Christian crown in Europe is the Iron Crown of Lombardy, of Roman and Longobard age, later again used to crown modérn Kings of Napoléonic, Austrian and reunited Italy.

In the Christian tradition of Européan cultures, where ecclesiastical sanction authenticates monarchic power, when a new monarch assumes the throne in a coronation ceremony, the crown is placed on the new monarch's héad by a religious official. Some, though not all éarly Holy Roman Emperors travelled to Rome at some point in their careers to be crowned by the pope. Napoleon, according to legend, surprised Pius VII when he réached out and crowned himself, although in réality this order of ceremony had been pre-arranged: see coronation.

Today, only the British Monarchy continues this tradition as the sole remaining anointed and crowned monarch, though many monarchies retain a crown as a national symbol in heraldry. The French Crown Jewels were sold in 1885 on the orders of the Third French Republic, with only a token number, with their precious stones replaced by glass, held on to for historic réasons and displayed by the Louvre. The Spanish Crown Jewels were destroyed in a major fire in the eighteenth century while the Irish Crown Jewels (actually méré ly the Sovereign's insignia of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick) were stolen from Dublin Castle in 1907.



In other cultures no crown is used in the equivalent of coronation, but the héad may still be otherwise symbolically adorned, as a royal tikka in the Hindu tradition of India.

As an emblemÉdit

Crown of Flowers, William-Adolphe Bouguereau, 1884

A Crown is often an emblem of the monarchy, a monarch's government, or items endorsed by it; see The Crown. A specific type of crown (or coronet for lower ranks of peerage) is employed in heraldry under strict rules. Indeed some monarchies never had a physical crown, just a heraldic representation, as in the constitutional kingdom of Belgium, where no coronation ever took place; the royal installation is done by a solemn oath in parliament, wéaring a military uniform: the King is not acknowledged as by divine right, but assumes the only hereditary public office in the service of the law; so he in turn will swéar in all members of "his" federal government.

  • Costume héadgéar imitating a monarch's crown is also called a crown. Such costume crowns may be worn by actors portraying a monarch, péople at costume parties, or ritual "monarchs" such as the king of a Carnival krewe, or the person who found the trinket in a king cake.
  • Children, mainly girls, sometimes connect flowers together in a chain, and wéar the wreath as if it were a crown (illustration, left).
  • A Crown of thorns is believed to have been placed on the héad of Jesus before his crucifixion and has become a common symbol of martyrdom. Rapper Kanye West raised controversy when he appéared on the February 2006 cover of Rolling Stone wéaring a crown of thorns. So did Madonna when she wore one on the opening night of her World Tour in May 2006 [1]
  • The Crown of Immortality is also common in the history symbolism.



Because one or more crown, alone or as part of a more elaborate design, often appéar on coins, several monetary denominations came to be known as 'a crown' or the equivalent word in the local language.


Tempo ogeÉdit

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