An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory



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Number of Results: 40 Search : density
charge density
  چگالی ِ بار   
cagâli-ye bâr

Fr.: densité de charge   

The → electric charge per unit volume in space, or per unit area on a surface, or per unit length of a line. They are respectively called volume- (ρ), surface- (σ), or line (λ) charge density.

charge; → density.

column density
  چگالی ِ ستون   
cagâli-ye sotun

Fr.: densité de colonne   

Density of the interstellar matter lying between an object and the Earth in a cylinder with a unity base.

column; → density.

critical density
  چگالی ِ پرژنی   
cagâli-ye paržani

Fr.: densité critique   

1) Cosmology: The average density of matter in the Universe that would be needed to eventually halt the → cosmic expansion. In a spatially → flat Universe, the critical density is expressed by ρc = (3c2/8πG)Ht2, where c is the → speed of light, G is the → gravitational constant, and Ht the → Hubble parameter. The critical density is currently 9.3 × 10-30g cm-3, about 6 hydrogen atoms per cubic meter (for H0 = 70 km s-1 Mpc-1).
2) In → gravitational lensing, the minimum density that would be needed by an intervening object to bend light rays. It is expressed by: Σ = (c2/4πG)(dos/doldls), where c is the speed of light, G is the gravitational constant, dos, dol, and dls represent angular diameter distances between the observer and the source, the observer and the lens, and the lens and the source respectively. It has units of mass per unit solid angle.
3) Radiative processes: The density at which the collisional → de-excitation rate equals the → radiative transition rate. The critical density for level j is given by: nc = Σi < j Aji = Σi ≠ j qji, where Aji is the → Einstein coefficient of → spontaneous emission and qji is the rate for collisional de-excitation of → energy level j, summed over all possible processes. This expression often simplifies to the ratio of two numbers, since in many cases there is a single important path for emission and a dominant collisional de-excitation process. In the low density limit the → emissivity is proportional to the product Ne (electron density) x Ni (ion density), whereas for densities exceeding the critical density, the emissivity is proportional to Ni. Thus, line emission in a nebula occurs most efficiently near the critical density.

critical; → density.

current density
  چگالی ِ جریان   
cagâli-ye jarayân

Fr.: densité de courant   

The electric current per unit of cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of current flow. It is a vector quantity and represented by symbol J. Electric current density is usually expressed in amperes per square meter.

current; → density

cagâli (#)

Fr.: densité   

See also:

Noun form of → dense.

density cusp
  تیزه‌ی ِ چگالی   
tize-ye cagâli

Fr.: cuspide de densité   


density; → cusp.

density fluctuation
  افتاخیز ِ چگالی   
oftâxizhâ-ye cagâli

Fr.: fluctuations de densité   


density; → fluctuation.

density of an element
  چگالی ِ بن‌پار   
cagâli-ye bonpâr

Fr.: densité d'élément   


density; → element.

density parameter
  پارامون ِ چگالی   
pârâmun-e cagâli

Fr.: paramètre de densité   


density; → parameter.

density profile
  فراپال ِ چگالی   
farâpâl-e cagâli

Fr.: profile de densité   


density; → profile.

density wave
  موج ِ چگالی   
mowj-e cagâli (#)

Fr.: onde de densité   


density; → wave.

density wave theory
  نگره‌ی ِ موج ِ چگالی   
negare-ye mowj-e cagâli

Fr.: théorie des ondes de densité   

See also: → stochastic self-propagating star formation.

density; → wave; → theory.

density-bounded H II region
  ناحیه‌ی ِ H IIی ِ چگالی‌کرانمند   
nâhiye-ye H II-ye cagâli karânmand

Fr.: bornée par la densité   


density; → bounded; → region.

electron density
  چگالی ِ الکترونی   
cagâli-ye elektroni (#)

Fr.: densité électronique   

The number of electrons per unit volume in an ionized medium, like an → H II region, as determined from → emission lines.

electron; → density.

energy density
  چگالی ِ کاروژ   
cagâli-ye kâruž

Fr.: densité d'énergie   

The amount of energy in the form of radiation per unit volume, expressed in ergs cm-3. In particular, the energy density of blackbody radiation at temperature T is aT4, where the radiation constant a = 7.56 × 10-15 erg cm-3 (K)-4.

energy; → density.

flux density
  چگالی ِ شار   
cagâli-ye šârr

Fr.: densité de flux   

Flux of radiation that falls on a detector per unit surface area of the detector per unit bandwidth of the radiation per unit time.

flux; → density.

Lagrangian density
  چگالی ِ لاگرانژی   
cagâli-ye Lagranži

Fr.: densité lagrangienne   

A quantity, denoted Ld, describing a continuous system in the → Lagrangian formalism, and defined as the → Lagrangian per unit volume. It is related to the Lagrangian L by:
L = ∫∫∫Ld d3V.
Lagrangian density is often called Lagrangian when there is no ambiguity.

Lagrangian; → density.

magnetic flux density
  چگالی ِ شار ِ مغناتیسی   
cagâli-ye šâr-e meqnâtisi (#)

Fr.: densité du flux magnétique   

A vector quantity measuring the strength and direction of the magnetic field. It is the → magnetic flux per unit area of a magnetic field at right angles to the magnetic force. Magnetic flux density is expressed in → teslas. Also called → magnetic induction.

magnetic; → flux; → density.

mass density
  چگالی ِ جرمی   
cagâli-ye jermi

Fr.: densité massique   

The mass per unit area of the ring material, integrated through the thickness of the ring. Sometimes called → surface density (Ellis et al., 2007, Planetary Ring Systems, Springer).

mass; → density.

maximum density of water
  چگالی ِ بیشینه‌ی ِ آب   
cagâli-ye bišine-ye âb

Fr.: densité maximale de l'eau   


maximum; → density; → water.

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