Maunder minimum little iceage period roughly spanning

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Maunder Minimum (Little IceAge)- period roughly spanning 1645 to 1715 when sunspots became exceedingly rare Inner Planets- These planets are quite solid and are made up of rock and metals. Outer Planets- tend to be made of gases and are therefore not really solid. Moons: Earth- 1. Mars-2. Jupiter- 16. Saturn- 18. Uranus- 15. Neptune- 8. Pluto- 1. Terrestrial planets are planets that are dense and rocky, with a solid surface (small). Jovian planets are large, gaseous, and do not have an easily definable surface. Pluto- dwarf planet, primarily composed of rock and ice, not gravitationally bound to anything Dwarf Planet- is a celestial body in direct orbit of the Sun that is massive enough that its shape is controlled by gravitational rather than mechanical forces Asteroids are rocks found orbiting the sun, generally found between the planets of Mars and Jupiter and also in the Kuiper belt. A Comet is an icy small Solar System body that, when close enough to the Sun , displays a visible coma and sometimes also a tail . Humans have visited just Earth and the Moon Flyby- a flight of a spacecraft past a celestial body (as Mars) close enough to obtain scientific data Orbiters- a space probe that orbits a planet . Lander- A space vehicle designed to land on a celestial body, such as the moon or a planet. Probes- i s a scientific space exploration mission in which a spacecraft leaves Earth and explores space. Sample return mission- is a spacecraft mission with the goal of returning tangible samples from an extraterrestrial location to Earth for analysis. Gravitational Slingshot is the use of the relative movement and gravity of a planet to alter the path and speed of an aircraft to save time, expense, and propellant. It can be used to accelerate/decelerate. Aerobraking causes a spacecraft to slow down by flying through a planet’s atmosphere to produce aerodynamic drag. The Nebular Theory is the most widely accepted model explaining the formation of the Solar System. It was proposed by Immanuel Kant and said that the solar system formed from the collapse of an interstellar cloud of rotating gas. Close Encounter Hypothesis is the theory that a rogue star passed by the sun and material in the form of hot gas was stripped from the sun and the rogue star. This material then formed into smaller lumps which we came to know as planets. 2 problems with the Encounter Hypothesis include that hot gas expands, not contracts, so lumps of hot gas would not form planets. Also, encounters between stars are extremely rare. Hydrogen, helium, and lithium all came about from the Big Bang Theory. The other elements were created inside of stars through fusion. Supernovas can help to push these heavy elements into space. The planets orbit the sun in the same direction because gravity keeps a pull on the planets, dragging them in and in the same direction. Outer planets are so far away that it is cold so they become Ice Giants ; while those that are closer to the sun have the ability to keep their gaseous states.
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Christopher Reinemann

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