Generalization Aggregation – Learn DBMS in simple and easy steps starting from its The reverse is called specialization where a person is a student, and that. Terms such as superclass, subclass, or inheritance come to mind when thinking about the object-oriented approach. These concepts are very important when. Speculation Specialization and Aggregation in DBMS are deliberation systems used to model data. The reflection is the instrument used to shroud the.

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The Enhanced ER Model

In simple terms, Aggregation is generalizatkon process when relation between two entities is treated as a single entity. The entity that is created will contain the common features. The details of entities are generally hidden from the user; this process known as abstraction. The ER Model has the power of expressing database entities in a conceptual hierarchical manner.

Various semantic data models have been proposed, and some of the most important semantic concepts have been successfully incorporated into the original ER model. Hence, as part of the Enhanced ER Modelalong with other improvements, three new specixlization were added to the existing ER Model, they were:. Comments Edit Question Edit Categories. As the basic concepts of ER modeling are often not enough to represent the requirements of the newer complex applications which therefore stimulated the need to develop additional speciaoization modeling concepts.

Comments Edit Answer Report. Specialization It is opposite to Generalization.

Generalization Aggregation

In this way, it is a base up methodology as two or lower lever substances are consolidated to shape a more elevated amount element. Notation of Generalization Generalization is represented by a triangle with a line.


A generalization is a bottom-up approach. As mentioned above, the process of generalizing entities, where the generalized entities contain the properties of all the generalized entities, is called generalization. In basic terms, Generalization is a procedure of removing normal attributes from two or more classes and joining them into a summed up superclass.

A distinct sub-grouping of occurrences of an entity type that require being represented in a data model.

In specialization, a higher level entity may not have any lower-level entity sets, it’s possible. Generalization is a process of generalizing an entity which contains generalized attributes or properties of generalized entities. Generalization It is a bottom-up approach in which two lower level entities combine to form higher entity.

To illustrate the need for such a construct, quaternary relationships are used which lead to redundancy in data storage.

In generalizatikn terms, a gathering of substances in specialization can be classified into sub-bunches in view of their attributes. But in a company, persons can be identified as employee, employer, customer, or vendor, based on what role they play in the company. Aggregation One limitation of the E-R model is that it cannot express relationships among relationships.

Using aggregation we can express relationship among relationships. JavaScript Tutorials jQuery Tutorials. You get question papers, syllabus, subject analysis, answers – all in one app. It allows lower-level entities to inherit the attributes of higher-level entities.

Aggregation represents relationship between a whole object and its component. Specialization is opposite to Generalization. In specialization, a group of entities is divided into sub-groups based on their characteristics.

Going up in this structure is called generalization, where entities are associated together to represent a more generalized view.

As the hierarchy goes up, it generalizes the view of entities, and as you go deep in the hierarchy, it will provide with the specializatiom of every entity included. For example, pigeon, house sparrow, crow and dove can all be generalized as Birds.


In generalization, some entities are accommodated together into one generalized entity or category based on their similar characteristics. So it is a top-down methodology in which one larger amount substance can be separated into two lower level element.

Vbms the below-mentioned figure, whale, shark, and dolphin are generalized as fish, i. In generalization, the higher level entity can also combine with other lower level entity to make further higher level entity. The specialization of student allows us to distinguish among students according to whether they are Ex-Student or Current Student. The reflection is the instrument used to shroud the unnecessary points of interest of an arrangement of articles.

Answered on 24th Jul,95 Views. As the hierarchy goes up, it generalizes the view of entities, and as we go deep in the hierarchy, it gives us the detail of every entity included. In the diagram above, the relationship between Center and Course together, is qnd as an Entity, which is in relationship with another entity Visitor.

Generalization, Specialization and Aggregation Concepts in DBMS

Aggregation in DBMS Conglomeration is the procedure of ordering data on an item, in this way abstracting a larger amount object. Specialization is a process of identifying subsets of an entity that shares different characteristics. These properties are common in all persons, human beings.

Generalization is a Bottom up process.