The past is a puzzle and fossils are some of the many pieces used to solve it. Fossils can tell you many things, including what the ancient environment, or paleoclimate, was like when they were alive, how much oxygen and other elements were present, behavior of the organism and even how past plants and animals are related to modern ones. Fossils can be plants, such as petrified wood or a leaf imprint, or they can be animals. Animal fossils are categorized into two categories: invertebrates and vertebrates. Invertebrates are animals without backbones. Much of the time invertebrate fossils have hard bodies or shells that preserve well. Vertebrate fossils are animals with backbones. These include fish, birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Reminder: Fossils are protected within the Military Park. Fossil hunting is prohibited and punishible by law.
collection of invertebrate fossils
Collection of invertebrate fossils found around Vicksburg

Types of Fossils

Invertebrate Fossils

The invertebrate fossils found in the Vicksburg Group are some of the best preserved Oligocene fossils in the world. These fossils consist primarily of hard-bodied sea creatures. Some of these shells are still in their original state, consisting of aragonite rich shells, and have not been significantly altered. This has allowed scientists to do extensive testing on these fossils that would not have been possible had they been altered over time. Some of the invertebrate fossils in the park include corals, cephalopods, gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods and foraminifera.

In addition to the fossils found in the Vicksburg Group, other invertebrate fossils, as well as petrified wood, can be found in gravel terrace deposits that sit between the rocks units below and the loess soils above. The rocks from these gravel deposits were carried down the Mississippi River as well as other smaller rivers during the Pleistocene. While these rocks were deposited here in Mississippi less than half a million years ago, they came from sources that could be up to 300 to 400 million years old. These rocks came from as far away as Minnesota and contain fossils that vary in age and source location.

description of vertebrate fossils
Collection of Invertebrate Fossils

Vertebrate Fossils

­In addition to the many well-preserved shells and other sea life preserved in the bedrock, the loess soils above these rocks contain a unique and important paleontological resource. While none have been found in the park at this point in time, several significant vertebrate fossils have been found close to the park boundary. These include fossils of large creatures like mastodons and giant ground sloths among other Pleistocene creatures. The proximity of these finds indicates a large possibility that the loess of the park may hold more of these significant fossil discoveries. You can see some of theses fossils at the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science in Jackson.


What to Do if You Find a Fossil in the Park?

Fossils provide valuable information about what past life was like in the park. Because of this, it is important to leave fossils where you find them. Take a picture of your fossil find and share it with a ranger. Remember, not only does taking fossils take away from telling the geologic history of the park it is also illegal.

mastadon skelaton
Mastadon Skull found in Warren County MS, on display at the Mississippi Natural Science Museum

Last updated: February 26, 2018

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3201 Clay Street
Vicksburg, MS 39183


(601) 636-0583

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