Urologic Conditions

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Prostate cancer is when cancer forms in the prostate gland. It is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths for men in the U.S. About 1 in 9 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime. …more

People can mean a lot of different things when they say they have "advanced" prostate cancer. They can mean that their prostate cancer has spread outside of the prostate but only to tissue near the prostate (like seminal vesicles). Prostate cancer that has not spread far can be called "locally advanced prostate cancer."…more

Bladder cancer is cancer that begins in the bladder. …more



Urethral cancer is rare is the most rare of all urological cancer. Only 1 or 2 people out of a 100 patients with cancer get this type. It is more common in men than women.…more

Cancer of the penis is rare in the United States. But, if you are at risk, finding it early is critical. The information here should help you spot this tumor long before it becomes life-threatening.…more

Prostatitis and related pelvic pain conditions involve pain in and around the prostate. Prostatitis and pelvic pain conditions can happen in men of all ages.…more






























Some men have low levels of testosterone. This is called hypogonadism, or low-T. …more

Male infertility is any health issue in a man that lowers the chances of his female partner getting pregnant. There are many causes for infertility in men and women. In over a third of infertility cases, the problem is with the man. This is most often due to problems with his sperm or with sperm delivery.…more

Sperm retrieval refers to any procedure that is used to obtain sperm for fertility purposes. In general, sperm retrieval is performed when there is either no sperm present in the semen or if men are unable to ejaculate. In almost all cases, sperm retrieval must be utilized in combination with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for reasonable pregnancy rates to be obtained.…more

Vasectomy is minor surgery to block sperm from reaching the semen that is ejaculated from the penis. Semen still exists, but it has no sperm in it. After a vasectomy the testes still make sperm, but they are soaked up by the body. Each year, more than 500,000 men in the U.S. choose vasectomy for birth control. A vasectomy prevents pregnancy better than any other method of birth control, except abstinence. Only 1 to 2 women out of 1,000 will get pregnant in the year after their partners have had a vasectomy.…more

Vasectomy reversal reconnects the pathway for the sperm to get into the semen. Most often, the cut ends of the vas are reattached. In some cases, the ends of the vas are joined to the epididymis. These surgeries can be done under a special microscope (“microsurgery”). When the tubes are joined, sperm can again flow through the urethra.…more

Ejaculation is the release of semen from the body. Premature ejaculation (PE) is when ejaculation happens sooner than a man or his partner would like during sex. PE is also known as rapid ejaculation, premature climax or early ejaculation. PE might not be a cause for worry. It can be frustrating if it makes sex less enjoyable and impacts relationships. If it happens often and causes problems, your health care provider can help.…more

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are also commonly called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). They are the infections you get from another person through sexual contact.…more

Peyronie's disease is where plaques (segments of flat scar tissue) form under the skin of the penis. These plaques can cause the penis to bend or become indented during erections. The plaques can often be felt through the skin, and can also be painful.…more

Testicular Torsion is when tissues around the testicle (also known as the “testis”) are not attached well. This can cause the testes to twist around the spermatic chord. When this happens, it cuts off the blood flow to the testicle. It can cause pain and swelling, and should be treated as an emergency.…more

While the penis is one of the least harmed organs, accidents can happen. Though not common, large hospitals may see a number of cases of penile injuries each year.…more

Hydroceles occur when fluid fills a sac in the scrotum of the penis (in the “inguinal canal”). An inguinal hernia occurs if a small part of the intestine drops into the scrotum with the testes.…more

A varicocele is when veins become enlarged inside your scrotum (the pouch of skin that holds your testicles). These veins are called the pampiniform plexus. Ten to 15 of every 100 males have a varicocele. It is like getting a varicose vein in your leg.…more

Spermatoceles are also known as spermatic cysts. They are fluid-filled masses, often painless, and they grow near the testicles. They tend to be benign (not cancerous). These cysts are found near the top and behind the testicle, but are separate from the testicle. The cysts can be smooth, filled with a whitish, cloudy fluid, and most often hold sperm. Their size can vary. If their size becomes a bother or causes pain, then there are some ways to fix the problem.…more

While benign (non-cancerous) tumors in the adrenal gland are very common, cancers in or around this gland are very rare. They are found in only 1 or 3 per 1 million people. These tumors can give off too much cortisol or other hormones.…more

Most of us are born with 2 ureters, the tube that drains the urine from each kidney into the bladder. But some babies are born with 2 ureters that drain a single kidney. In these cases, one ureter drains the upper part of the kidney and the second ureter drains the lower part of the kidney. As long as they both enter the bladder, this extra ureter is usually not a problem.…more

A biopsy involves taking a piece of skin or tissue from the body to look under a microscope. A doctor will see if the tissue contains cancer or other abnormal cells. The results of the biopsy can help determine the next best step in diagnosis or treatment.…more

Conn's syndrome is a rare health problem that occurs when the adrenal glands make too much aldosterone. This problem is also known as primary hyperaldosteronism. Aldosterone is a hormone that controls salt and potassium levels in the blood. Too much leads to high blood pressure.…more

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare problem caused when the adrenal gland(s) makes too much of a hormone called cortisol. CS is most often due to a tumor or mass found in the pituitary gland, but can also be caused by tumors in the adrenal glands themselves.…more



A kidney transplant is one of the most common organ transplant surgeries performed today. In this surgery, kidneys that aren't working well are replaced by a kidney from a donor. Kidney transplants have been performed since the 1950s. This surgery is a lifesaving choice for thousands of patients with end-stage kidney disease. If you have kidney failure and cannot have a transplant, dialysis can sustain life. Dialysis cleans the blood by removing waste products such as urea.…more

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor found in the adrenal medulla (the inner part of the adrenal gland). The adrenal medulla makes the hormones adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). If a tumor forms in this area, it can cause too much of these hormones to be made. This can be very dangerous, as it causes very high blood pressure.…more

This is a diagnostic test for male patients with trauma (injury) to the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder and out the body. If there is a urethral stricture (a block or closing), urine cannot flow out.…more

An ultrasound exam (or “sonogram”) is a painless diagnostic technique that makes use of how sound waves travel through the body. When sound waves pass through the body, they bounce off tissues and organs in certain ways. The reflected waves can be used to make images of the organs inside. The sound waves don’t hurt the body, and there’s no radiation.…more

Urethral trauma is when the urethra is hurt by force. Trauma to the anterior urethra is often from straddle injuries. This can occur with a sharp blow to the perineum. This type of trauma can lead to scars in the urethra (“urethral stricture ”). These scars can slow or block the flow of urine from the penis. For females, urethral injuries are rare. They’re always linked to pelvic fractures or cuts, tears, or direct trauma to the body near the vagina.…more

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