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Biology Course Outline

I. Living Things and Their Environment

c. Ecosystems (End of Gr.7) vi. Explain how diseases of the digestive
a. Parts and Functions (Start of Gr.7)
i. Components of an ecosystem system are prevented, detected,
i. Microscopy
ii. Differentiate biotic from abiotic and treated
1. The parts and functions of the
components of an ecosystem vii. Identify healthful practices that
compound microscope
iii. Ecological relationships affect the digestive system
ii. Levels of Biological Organization
1. Symbiotic relationships e. Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits
1. Describe the different levels
2. Non-symbiotic relationships i. Stages of mitosis
of biological organization
iv. Transfer of energy through trophic ii. Stages of meiosis
from cell to biosphere
levels iii. Mendelian Genetics
iii. Animal and Plant Cells
v. Food Chain and Food Web iv. How cells divide to produce new
1. Difference between animal
vi. Predict the effect of changes in one cells
and plant cells
population on other populations in v. Meiosis as one of the processes
2. Differentiate plant and
the ecosystem producing genetic variations of the
animal cells according to
vii. Predict the effect of changes in Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance
presence or absence of
abiotic factors on the ecosystem vi. Compare mitosis and meiosis, and
certain organelles
d. Structures and Functions: Focus on the their role in the cell-division cycle
3. Explain why the cell is
Digestive System (Start of Gr.8) vii. Explain the significance of meiosis in
considered the basic
i. Organs of the digestive system and maintaining the chromosome
structural and functional unit
their interaction with organs of the number
of all organisms
respiratory, circulatory, and viii. Predict phenotypic expressions of
iv. Fungi, Protists, Bacteria, Viruses
excretory systems traits following simple patterns of
1. Identify beneficial and
ii. Changes in food as it undergoes inheritance
harmful microorganisms
physical and chemical digestion ix. Punnett Square
b. Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
iii. Diseases resulting from nutrient f. Biodiversity
i. Asexual reproduction
deficiency and ingestion of harmful i. Species diversity
ii. Sexual reproduction
substances ii. Hierarchical taxonomic system of
iii. Differentiate asexual from sexual
iv. Prevention, detection, and classification
reproduction in terms of
treatment of diseases of the iii. Protection and conservation of
1. number of individuals
digestive system endangered and economically
v. Explain ingestion, absorption, important species
2. similarities of offspring to
assimilation, and excretion iv. Explain the concept of a species
v. Classify organisms using the
iv. Describe the process of fertilization
hierarchical taxonomic system
vi. Explain the advantage of high i. Heredity: Inheritance and Variation l. Coordinated Functions of the Reproductive,
biodiversity in maintaining the i. Location of genes on chromosomes Endocrine, and Nervous Systems (Start of
stability of an ecosystem ii. Non-Mendelian inheritance Gr.10)
g. Ecosystems (End of Gr.8) 1. Incomplete dominance i. Organisms as having feedback
i. Transfer of Energy in Trophic Levels 2. Sex-linked traits mechanisms, which are coordinated
ii. Cycling of materials in the 3. Multiple alleles by the nervous and endocrine
ecosystem iii. Multiple genes systems
1. Water cycle iv. How genetic information is ii. How these feedback mechanisms
2. Oxygen-carbon cycle organized in genes on chromosomes help the organism maintain
3. Nitrogen cycle v. Different patterns of inheritance homeostasis to reproduce and
iii. Impact of human activities in an vi. Describe the location of genes in survive
ecosystem chromosomes iii. Describe the parts of the
iv. Describe the transfer of energy vii. Explain the different patterns of non- reproductive system and their
through the trophic levels Mendelian inheritance functions
v. Analyze the roles of organisms in the j. Biodiversity and Evolution iv. Explain the role of hormones
cycling of materials i. Causes of Species Extinction involved in the female and male
vi. Explain how materials cycle in an 1. Natural reproductive systems
ecosystem 2. Anthropogenic v. Describe the feedback mechanisms
vii. Suggest ways to minimize human ii. How changes in the environment involved in regulating processes in
impact on the environment may affect species extinction the female reproductive system
h. Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Working iii. Relate species extinction to the (e.g., menstrual cycle)
with the other Organ Systems (Start of Gr.9) failure of populations of organisms to vi. Describe how the nervous system
i. How the different structures of the adapt to abrupt changes in the coordinates and regulates these
circulatory and respiratory systems environment feedback mechanisms to maintain
work together to transport oxygen- k. Ecosystems (End of Gr.9) homeostasis
rich blood and nutrients to the i. Flow of Energy and Matter in m. Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
different parts of the body Ecosystems i. Information stored in DNA as being
ii. Prevention, detection, and 1. Photosynthesis used to make proteins
treatment of diseases affecting the 2. Respiration ii. How changes in a DNA molecule
circulatory and respiratory systems ii. Structure and function of plant parts may cause changes in its product
iii. Explain how the respiratory and and organelles involved in iii. Mutations that occur in sex cells as
circulatory systems work together to photosynthesis being heritable
transport nutrients, gases, and other iii. Structure and function of iv. Explain how protein is made using
molecules to and from the different mitochondrion as the main organelle information from DNA
parts of the body involved in respiration v. Explain how mutations may cause
iv. Infer how one’s lifestyle can affect iv. Differentiate basic features and changes in the structure and
the functioning of respiratory and importance of photosynthesis and function of a protein
circulatory systems respiration
n. Biodiversity and Evolution
i. How evolution through natural
selection can result in biodiversity
ii. Explain how fossil records,
comparative anatomy, and genetic
information provide evidence for
iii. Explain the occurrence of evolution
o. Ecosystems
i. Flow of Energy and Matter in
ii. Biodiversity and Stability
iii. Population Growth and Carrying
iv. Influence of biodiversity on the
stability of ecosystems
v. Ecosystem as being capable of
supporting a limited number of
vi. Explain how species diversity
increases the probability of
adaptation and survival of organisms
in changing environments
vii. Explain the relationship between
population growth and carrying
viii. Suggest ways to minimize human
impact on the environment
p. Biomolecules (End of Gr.10)
i. Elements present in biomolecules
ii. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids
1. Food Labels
iii. Recognize the major categories of
biomolecules such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids