Sustainable Mobility: Renewable Energies for Powering Fuel Cell Vehicles

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This method of power generation greatly reduces the release of harmful emissions such as CO 2 , NOx, SOx, and particulate matter. The ability for fuel cells to function as an energy storage medium expands the power generation ability for renewable energy sources.

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Stability in power generation increases the capacity factor for renewable energy while reducing dependence on traditional energy sources. Additionally, the use of CHP units can produce excess hydrogen which can be utilized by other fuel cell electric vehicles or stations. Renewable sources of hydrogen are not the only sources that allow fuel cells to accomplish emission reductions.

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With the proper infrastructure, an integration of fuel cells with other renewable energy sources will provide clean energy stability while limiting climate change. There are standards provided by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE that set requirements for connecting distributed resources with electric power systems.


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Footnotes 1. Department of Energy, n.

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Retrieved from www1. Fuel Cell Today. Retrieved from www.

Digital image. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Fuel Cells Retrieved from hfcarchive. A fuel cell is sort of like a battery. It generates electricity from the simple and abundant hydrogen and oxygen found in chemical compounds all around us.

Energy 101: Fuel Cell Technology

There are several different types of fuel cell technologies. All are designed for specific applications, but essentially they all work on the same principles. Have a look at this. Hydrogen gas is fed into one side of the fuel cell, and air, which contains oxygen, is fed into the other. Hydrogen passes through the layers of the fuel cell, and as this happens, it induces a positive and a negative charge, which generates an electrical current.


Finally, the hydrogen is combined with the oxygen and reacts to form H2O, better known as water. Individual fuel cells can be stacked to provide more power.

The taller the stack, the more power it generates. Because of this stackability, fuel cells can be manufactured to scale for a variety of power needs. That means energy from another source can be used to generate hydrogen. One common way to extract hydrogen is through a process called splitting water, where hydrogen is separated from oxygen using an electrical current.

Footage of hydrogen reforming plant. Although each of these methods requires some energy themselves, once extracted, hydrogen can generate electricity without any combustion—in other words, a clean energy source.

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Supplying hydrogen to industrial users is now a major business around the world. The number of countries with polices that directly support investment in hydrogen technologies is increasing, along with the number of sectors they target. There are around 50 targets, mandates and policy incentives in place today that direct support hydrogen, with the majority focused on transport.

Hydrogen can be extracted from fossil fuels and biomass, from water, or from a mix of both. Natural gas is currently the primary source of hydrogen production, accounting for around three quarters of the annual global dedicated hydrogen production of around 70 million tonnes. Gas is followed by coal, due to its dominant role in China, and a small fraction is produced from from the use of oil and electricity. Low gas prices in the Middle East, Russia and North America give rise to some of the lowest hydrogen production costs. Gas importers like Japan, Korea, China and India have to contend with higher gas import prices, and that makes for higher hydrogen production costs.

While less than 0. Dedicated electricity generation from renewables or nuclear power offers an alternative to the use of grid electricity for hydrogen production.

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With declining costs for renewable electricity, in particular from solar PV and wind, interest is growing in electrolytic hydrogen and there have been several demonstration projects in recent years. With declining costs for solar PV and wind generation, building electrolysers at locations with excellent renewable resource conditions could become a low-cost supply option for hydrogen, even after taking into account the transmission and distribution costs of transporting hydrogen from often remote renewables locations to the end-users.

Hydrogen costs from hybrid solar PV and onshore wind systems in the long term. Hydrogen use today is dominated by industry , namely: oil refining, ammonia production, methanol production and steel production.

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  • Virtually all of this hydrogen is supplied using fossil fuels, so there is significant potential for emissions reductions from clean hydrogen. In transport , the competitiveness of hydrogen fuel cell cars depends on fuel cell costs and refuelling stations while for trucks the priority is to reduce the delivered price of hydrogen.