

The above verse points to hail and lightning. When the formulation of hail and lightning are tested , it can be seen that an  significant meteorological fact is being mentioned in this verse. About the formulation of lightning and hail, the book Meteorology Today says that a cloud gets electrified as hail falls through an area in the cloud of supercooled droplets and ice crystals. fluid droplets freeze and loose potential heat when they collide with a hailstone. This keeps the surface of the hailstone warmer than that of the surrounding ice crystals. An significant phenomenon happens when the hailstone gets in contact with an ice crystal: Electrons flow from the colder object toward the warmer one. In this way, the hailstone becomes negatively charged. This effect also occurs when supercooled droplets get in contact with a hailstone and small pieces of positively charged ice break off. These particles, which are lighter and positively charged, are carried to the upper portion of the cloud by currents of air. The hail has a negative charge now, and falls towards the bottom of the cloud, thus the lower portion of the cloud gets negatively charged. These negative charges are then discharged as lightning. It may be concluded from this that hail is the major factor in the formulation of lightning.57

In the following verse, however, attention is drawn to the link between rain clouds and lightning, and to the order of formulation , formulation that parallels that discovered by science:


Rain clouds are enormous masses covering 20 to 260 square meters (10 to 100 square miles) and arriving great vertical heights of 9,000 to 12,000 meters (30,000 to 40,000 ft.). Because of  these extraordinary dimensions, the lower portion of these clouds are dark. It is impossible for the Sun's rays to pass through them, because of the huge amounts of water and ice particles they include . Very little solar power therefore arrives the Earth through the clouds, which is why the clouds look dark to someone looking up at them.58

The phases of the formulation of thunder and lightning after that darkness, indicated in the verse, are as follows: An electrical charge forms inside the rain cloud. This comes about as a consequence of such processes as freezing, the division of raindrops and charge formulation during contact. The cumulation of such electrical charges, when the air between gets unable to isolate them, drives to a great sparkle, a discharge between the positive and negative fields. The voltage between two oppositely charged regions can arrive 1 billion volts. The sparkle  can be also shaped within the cloud, can cross between two clouds, from a positively charged region to a negative one, or be discharged from the cloud to the ground. These sparkles shape dazzling lightning shots . This sudden increase in the electrical charge along the line of lightning brings about strong heat (10,000 degrees Centigrade). As a consequence , there is a abrupt stretching of the air, which in turn  brings about the loud noise Incorporated with thunder.59
(Qur’an, 13:13)

As has been debated , dark layers, followed by the electrically charged sparkles known as lightning, and then the loud noise called thunder, form within a rain cloud. Everything modern science has instituted about clouds, and has to say about the reason of thunder and lightning, is in entire accordance with the descriptions in the Qur'an.

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