biome defined by the World Wildlife Fund
Mangrove root system
Mangrove trees can help make islands.
40 million year old fossil mangrove roots from Wadi Al-Hitan



Mangroves live right in the sea, or at the sea edge. Their seeds fall from the tree and grow roots as soon as they touch any kind of soil. During low tide, they may fall in soil rather than water and start growing where they fall. If the water level is high, they may be carried far away from where they fell. Mangrove trees are often the beginning of what will one day be a small island. As soil and other things collect in their roots, little bodies of land are formed – just the right place for other island vegetation to grow.[3] This is an example of seed dispersal by water.

Mangroves have special root-like structures. They are aerial roots or pneumatophores. These stick up out of the soil, and are covered in lenticels. They take in oxygen through their pores. These "breathing tubes" may reach heights of up to 30 cm, and in some species, over 3 m. Smaller roots with air passages move oxygen from the air to parts of the plant underwater. Mangrove roots give clear water to the coral by trapping dirt and clean water by filtering land runoff and removing pollutants. The tree also protects the shoreline (and, through this, the coral reefs) from being eroded by storm waves. Mangrove thickets are a good place for many coral-reef fish, shrimp, and crabs to grow.[3][4]

Other websitesEdit


  2. "Morphological and physiological adaptations: Florida mangrove website". Retrieved 2010 February 13. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sherwin, Frank (2006). The ocean book. P.O. Box 126, Green Forest, AR 72638: Master Books. ISBN 0-89051-401-1.CS1 maint: location (link)