Urolithiasis in Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents

Key Points

  • Urolithiasis in the ferret is relatively uncommon today due to the availability of high-quality ferret diets. Struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate stones are most frequently seen.
  • Ferrets fed plant-based protein diets, like dog food or inexpensive cat food, produce alkaline urine which predisposes them to struvite crystal formation.
  • Calcium-containing stones such as calcium carbonate (calcite) and calcium oxalate are most commonly reported in rabbits and rodents.
  • In addition to uroliths, rabbits may also develop calcium-rich bladder sludge or sand due to their unique metabolism of calcium which relies almost entirely on excretion via the kidneys.



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