Image blobs can have variants that are the result of a set of transformations applied to the original. These variants are used to create thumbnails, fixed-size avatars, or any other derivative image from the original.

Variants rely on ImageProcessing gem for the actual transformations of the file, so you must add gem "image_processing" to your Gemfile if you wish to use variants. By default, images will be processed with ImageMagick using the MiniMagick gem, but you can also switch to the libvips processor operated by the ruby-vips gem).

# => :mini_magick

Rails.application.config.active_storage.variant_processor = :vips
# => :vips

Note that to create a variant it's necessary to download the entire blob file from the service. Because of this process, you also want to be considerate about when the variant is actually processed. You shouldn't be processing variants inline in a template, for example. Delay the processing to an on-demand controller, like the one provided in ActiveStorage::RepresentationsController.

To refer to such a delayed on-demand variant, simply link to the variant through the resolved route provided by Active Storage like so:

<%= image_tag Current.user.avatar.variant(resize_to_limit: [100, 100]) %>

This will create a URL for that specific blob with that specific variant, which the ActiveStorage::RepresentationsController can then produce on-demand.

When you do want to actually produce the variant needed, call processed. This will check that the variant has already been processed and uploaded to the service, and, if so, just return that. Otherwise it will perform the transformations, upload the variant to the service, and return itself again. Example:

avatar.variant(resize_to_limit: [100, 100]).processed.url

This will create and process a variant of the avatar blob that's constrained to a height and width of 100. Then it'll upload said variant to the service according to a derivative key of the blob and the transformations.

You can combine any number of ImageMagick/libvips operations into a variant, as well as any macros provided by the ImageProcessing gem (such as resize_to_limit):

avatar.variant(resize_to_limit: [800, 800], monochrome: true, rotate: "-90")

Visit the following links for a list of available ImageProcessing commands and ImageMagick/libvips operations:

[R] blob
[R] variation
Class Public methods
new(blob, variation_or_variation_key)
# File activestorage/app/models/active_storage/variant.rb, line 58
def initialize(blob, variation_or_variation_key)
  @blob, @variation = blob, ActiveStorage::Variation.wrap(variation_or_variation_key)
Instance Public methods

Downloads the file associated with this variant. If no block is given, the entire file is read into memory and returned. That'll use a lot of RAM for very large files. If a block is given, then the download is streamed and yielded in chunks.

# File activestorage/app/models/active_storage/variant.rb, line 87
def download(&block) key, &block
# File activestorage/app/models/active_storage/variant.rb, line 91
def filename "#{blob.filename.base}.#{variation.format}"

Returns the receiving variant. Allows ActiveStorage::Variant and ActiveStorage::Preview instances to be used interchangeably.

# File activestorage/app/models/active_storage/variant.rb, line 102
def image

Returns a combination key of the blob and the variation that together identifies a specific variant.

# File activestorage/app/models/active_storage/variant.rb, line 69
def key

Returns the variant instance itself after it's been processed or an existing processing has been found on the service.

# File activestorage/app/models/active_storage/variant.rb, line 63
def processed
  process unless processed?
service_url(expires_in: ActiveStorage.service_urls_expire_in, disposition: :inline)
Alias for: url
url(expires_in: ActiveStorage.service_urls_expire_in, disposition: :inline)

Returns the URL of the blob variant on the service. See {ActiveStorage::Blob#url} for details.

Use url_for(variant) (or the implied form, like +link_to variant+ or +redirect_to variant+) to get the stable URL for a variant that points to the ActiveStorage::RepresentationsController, which in turn will use this service_call method for its redirection.

Also aliased as: service_url
# File activestorage/app/models/active_storage/variant.rb, line 78
def url(expires_in: ActiveStorage.service_urls_expire_in, disposition: :inline)
  service.url key, expires_in: expires_in, disposition: disposition, filename: filename, content_type: content_type