Your search for 'dc_creator:( "Auffarth, Christoph" ) OR dc_contributor:( "Auffarth, Christoph" )' returned 138 results. Modify search

Sort Results by Relevance | Newest titles first | Oldest titles first


(129 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(899 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(68 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(4,038 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(139 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(516 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph

Architecture, Sacred

(194 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(1,340 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph

Oral Tradition

(2,353 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph

European History of Religion: Time Chart

(2,453 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(227 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(250 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(1,051 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(281 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(178 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(3,801 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(1,061 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(6,742 words)

Author(s): Auffarth , Christoph | Mohr, Hubert


(526 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(341 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(1,033 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
Human Right? 1. Asylum, the assuring of protection to strangers, has religious roots. Church asylum, and the sanctuary movement (in the United States), plead this ancient religious tradition. In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany committed itself to the following human right: “Political refugees have a right to asylum” (Art. 16.2). This formulation goes much further than the (non-binding) United Nations Convention on Human Rights of December 12, 1948: “States may grant asylum to political refugees.” Nevertheless, even the German exp…


(323 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph


(183 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
Even more than the ‘enthusiasm,’ as the word is used loosely, that ‘arises’ when a ‘spirit’ takes hold of an assembly or gathering, the Greek word enthousiasmos ( en-, ‘in,’ + theos, ‘god’) describes the moment at which a god ‘comes into a person.’ This phenomenon can be attributed to a ‘medium,’ as for instance in ancient prophecy; of a poet, who senses the Muse at work within; or of the God received as wine, who alters consciousness. It does not actually refer to → possession by a demon. (→ ‘Ecstasy,’ for its part, indicate…

Introduction: The Academic Study of Religion—Historical and Contemporary Issues*

(13,230 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph | Mohr, Hubert
* Introductory remark: The following survey is an attempt to present scientific trends and different schools and styles of research that have either been characteristic of the academic study of religion over the past century or that have recently entered upon the scene but have nevertheless already had an effect on religious research. This is, therefore, a study of the typical and the paradigmatic (which is not to imply that another approach would have been qualitatively inferior, this is simp…


(1,168 words)

Author(s): Rademacher, Stephan | Auffarth, Christoph
Title and Claim 1. The pope (from Gk., papas, ‘father’) is the spiritual and secular sovereign of the Catholic Church, with his seat in Rome: he is plenipotentiary of doctrine, ordination, and leadership, including the power of sanction. His full title reads: “Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles [Peter], Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province [of the Church], Sovereign of Vatican City State.”1 The title contains claims meant to provide sacred a…


(107 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
In order that theologians might be provided with arguments for the ‘defense’ of church teaching in discussions with ‘unbelievers,’ apologetics was taught as part of their education. First, in the debate with ‘scientific atheism,’ and then, in Germany, in that against National Socialism, apologetics experts gathered reports and distributed them to the pastoral clergy. Here it was, and is, necessary, first, to know the objections of opponents, and then the apposite responses to them. This process …


(180 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
There are various nuances to the term ‘humanism’ which arise out of its diverse uses throughout European history. The Renaissance has often been characterized as the age of humanism because of its fascination with and idealization of human achievement in the literature, philosophy, and art of antiquity, which were then being re-discovered. As an ideological continuation of this trend, humanism came to signify a belief in the value and dignity of the human being and an optimistic image of humanit…

European History of Religion

(3,506 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
The Project 1. a) The project of a European history of religion is new. It is to be distinguished from two other perspectives on the same object. On the one hand, there is church history that finds religion, by definition, in the Church, with extra-ecclesial religion taken for heresy, paganism, and secularization. In such a view, any ‘religion’ is an illegitimacy. The counter-thesis presents Christianity as a late and foreign, Eastern, religion, which has suppressed “Europe's own religion” (Sigrid…


(148 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
With the crisis of the belief in progress, in the 1880s, came a change in the models of history. Instead of an evaluation of the progress of the ages as a progress from primitive beginnings to ever loftier rungs on the ladder of humanity, one encounters a complete reversal of the conceptualization of this development. First, archaeologists came to understand that pre-classical art is more than a ‘not yet’—the incapability, so to speak, of presenting anything worthwhile at this early stage—which …


(1,217 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
The ‘Crucifix Affair’ 1. In the folk schools of Bavaria, a crucifix hangs over the chalkboard—a ‘Cross with the Nailed One,’ the suffering Christ. In 1995, a parental couple insisted that children not be required to gaze upon this mute sign of Christian faith unless they shared the faith. In the Weimar Constitution, they argued, and in the German Basic Law, the state had obliged itself to ‘neutrality of Weltanschauung,’—neutrality when it came to a worldview—so that this display of the crucifix contradicted the basic rights of every citizen. True, unlike the case…

Middle Ages

(1,527 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
The understanding of the Middle Ages by later ages in Europe has passed through a number of phases. Even the term ‘Middle Ages’ is a modern convention. Enlightenment thinkers tended to use the expression ‘the dark ages’ to refer to this period, in order to set it up as a gloomy foil, making the light of the new era shine all the brighter. In the confrontation of the French Revolution of 1789, both the revolutionaries, on the one hand, and the nobility and the Church, on the other, laid claim to …


(606 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
Surrounded by a wall, and near a church (or even partly within), and enjoying the latter's ‘immunity’ from assault lies the cemetery (Middle English cimiterie, from Lat., coemeterium, Greek koimētērion, and ultimately from koiman, ‘to put to sleep’; compare Ger., Frieden, denoting ‘peace’; cf. Friedhof, ‘cemetery’). Even fugitives seeking asylum could find safety here. The social prestige of the departed is reflected in the choice and form of the burial place. In the course of the nineteenth century, locations of burial were established …


(157 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
Orthodoxy may refer primarily either to right faith or right behavior. When we consider religion as a social phenomenon, orthodoxy as right behavior is the more relevant understanding of this term. On this understanding orthodox persons are concerned to follow certain patterns of behavior such as giving alms, praying, fasting and appearing at religious services. Conformity with these patterns identifies certain individuals as parts of a given community, while failure to conform identifies others as other—heterodox, outsiders. Orthodoxy may also be understood as referring…


(3,689 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
Secular and Religious Power 1. a) As Jesus is interrogated before Pilate as to whether he has planned an overthrow of Roman rule, the Roman governor asks him: “Are you the King of the Jews?” Jesus answers (in John 18:33–19:30): “My kingdom is not of this world.” The philosophically trained general presses the higher ruler of the world, as he has understood things, to defend himself; however, the latter does not see the meaning of his mission in the preservation of his life: “You would have no power …


(1,626 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph
Miracles are a basically ambivalent element of religion, as they are both expected to occur or be believed in as a part of religious life and are also liable to arouse criticism and skepticism. Miracles occur outside the course of everyday existence, provoking both belief and unbelief. Miracle Narratives Narratives about miracles serve to substantiate the activity of an otherwise invisible God in the world, whom faith and piety require to be willing and able to intervene in a crisis or to demonstrate various divine attributes. Miracle narrativ…


(230 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen)
[English version] (Ἀκτορίωνε, Dual). Monströses Zwillingspaar (Hes. fr. 18 M-W τερατώδεις); es ist durch zwei Köpfe, vier Arme und Beine und einen zusammengewachsenen Körper unheimlich stark (Hes. fr. 17; 18). Nestor rühmt sich in der Ilias, er habe die A. Molione, Kteatos und Eurytos töten können, wenn Vater Poseidon ihnen nicht beigestanden hätte (Il. 11,750-752). Bei anderer Gelegenheit besiegen sie Nestor im Wagenrennen (Il. 23,638). Die Genealogie ist dreifach: Neben dem göttl. (Poseidon) ein…

Fest, Festkultur

(4,368 words)

Author(s): Sallaberger, Walther (Leipzig) | Felber, Heinz (Leipzig) | Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen)
[English version] I. Alter Orient Der altmesopot. Kalender beruht auf dem Mondlauf mit seinen Phasen, die dementsprechend monatlich kultisch begangen werden (1., 7., 15. Tag). Jährliche F. sind häufig mit dem agrarischen Zyklus (Aussaat, Ernte) verbunden, wobei regionale Unterschiede (z.B. Bewässerungs- oder Regenfeldbau) zu beachten sind. Nicht-zyklische F. betreffen in der Regel den Herrscher (Krönung, Tempel- oder Palastbau, Krieg, Tod). Im Bereich der Familie werden Einschnitte im Lebenslauf (Hoc…


(295 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen)
[English version] (Δίκτυννα). Göttin der Fischer (Jagd) auf Kreta. Ihr Hauptheiligtum liegt am Steilhang der Halbinsel Tityros (Rhodopou) im Westen Kretas [1; 2], nach Hdt. 3,59 von Samiern (ca. 519 v.Chr.) gegründet. Weite Verbreitung (Plut. mor. 984a) des Kultes der D. und, mit ihr gleichgesetzt (Kall. h. 3, 189-205), der Britomartis außer in Westkreta auf Aigina als Aphaia (Paus. 2, 30,3), in Gythion und Sparta (Lakonien), Athen, Phokis, Massalia und Kommagene [3; 4]. Der Mythos erzählt (Kall.)…


(498 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen)
[English version] (Βενδῖς). Die thrak. Göttin B., im 6.Jh. (Hipponax fr. 127 W.) den Griechen bekannt geblieben (s. Herodian. 2, 761 L.; Liv. 38,41,1; nur noch antiquarisches Wissen? [1. 114]), wird in der Interpretatio Graeca verstanden als eine Artemis (Hdt. 4, 33; 5, 7; Palaiphat. 31; Hesych.), als Hekate (Plut. de def. or. 13, 416e, durch falsche Etym.; Hesych. s.v. Ἀδμήτου κόρη) oder Persephone (Orph. fr. 200 OF; vgl. Texte in PCG 4, p. 165; vgl. 159). Auch in der Ikonographie ist die Gleichsetzung mit Artemis als jagender…


(246 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen)
[English version] (βουφόνια). An den athenischen Dipolieia wird derjenige Ochse geopfert, der zuerst das Getreideopfer frißt, sich also an der Gabe für Gott vergreift (Porphyr. abst. 2,28-30, wohl auf Theophrast zurückgehend [5]; Paus 1,24,4). Der Schlächter - ein in der Familie des Thaulon erbliches Amt [3. 161] - tötet dafür das Tier und flieht dann. Im Mythos befiehlt das delph. Orakel, den flüchtigen Totschläger, den Bauern Sopatros, zurückzuholen und das Töten des Ochsen zu wiederholen. In ei…


(1,020 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen) | Hidber, Thomas (Bern) | Karttunen, Klaus (Helsinki) | Gatti, Paolo (Trient)
(Διομήδης). [English version] [1] kultisch verehrter Heros der Stadt Argos Der Held der Stadt Argos im Trojanischen Krieg, im Unterschied zu Agamemnon von Mykenai, dem Herrn der nordöstl. Argolis (Hom. Il. 2,559-568; vgl. Il. 23,471f. [1; 2]). Sohn des Tydeus und der Deipyle, der Tochter des Adrastos. In seiner Aristie vor Troja (Il. 5 und 6) tötete er Pandaros und verletzte Aphrodite, als sie Aineias retten wollte (Il. 5, 290-351); später auch Ares (Il. 5, 825-863). Mit dem Lykier Glaukos (auf der Seite …


(298 words)

(βαιτύλια; βαίτυλοι). [English version] I. Religionswissenschaftlich Große, aufrechte Steine, die in Heiligtümern in den Kult einbezogen werden, finden sich im gesamten Mittelmeerraum [1]. Vor allem die Phoiniker trugen zu ihrer Verbreitung bei. Berühmt waren die B. in Tyros und in Emesa [2]. In Israel stehen Polemik und die Einbeziehung in Kult (Maṣṣebah) und Gottesprädikation nebeneinander (Gott als Fels: Ps 28,1 [3]). Ekstatische Theophanie (?) stellt die min. Ikonographie dar [4]. In Griechenland …


(148 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen)
[English version] (Αἴγισθος). Vor-griech. Name [1]; ep. Neubildung, kurz für αἰγι-σθένης [2]. In der Odyssee Sohn des Thyestes (nur Od. 4,518); usurpiert Thron und Frau des Agamemnon. Er ermordet (Od. 3,266-71) den Sieger von Troia bei dessen Heimkehr. Danach herrscht er 7 Jahre als König in Mykenai, bis Orestes Rache für den Vater übt. A. steht als negatives (der Mörder als König ὑπὲρ μόρον Od. 1,29-43; ἀμύμων, “gutaussehend” statt “untadelig” [3; 4]) und warnendes Beispiel gegen Odysseus' Heimke…


(12,041 words)

I. Einleitung [English version] A. Bestimmung des Begriffs Als substantivistischer Terminus der rel. Selbstbeschreibung bezeichnet “R.” ein System von gemeinsamen Praktiken, individuellen Glaubensvorstellungen, kodifizierten Normen und theologischen Erklärungsmustern, dessen Gültigkeit zumeist auf ein autoritatives Prinzip oder Wesen zurückgeführt wird. Für die R.-Wissenschaft ist der R.-Begriff dagegen eine rein heuristische Kategorie, mit der jene Praktiken, Vorstellungen, Normen und theologischen Kon…


(95 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen)
[English version] (Ἀγοραῖος). Die Götter-Epiklese benennt die lokale und funktionale Beziehung des Gottes zur Agora als polit. und ökonomischer Institution [1]. So wird bes. Zeus als Garant der Satzungen kult. verehrt und im Eid beschworen [2; 3. 197-199], manchmal mit anderen, auch weiblichen Gottheiten (Artemis, Ge). Sonst ist Hermes der Marktgott par excellence (bes. zu Erythrai [3. 270]; IE 201 = Syll.3 1014, 90-100). Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen) Bibliography 1 R. E. Wycherly, in: Agora 3, 1957, 123a 2 H. Schwabl, s. v. Zeus, RE X A, 256-258; RE Suppl. XV, 1978, 1051-1053 3 F.…

Festivals; Feasts

(4,658 words)

[German version] I. The Ancient Orient The ancient Mesopotamian calendar was based on the phases of the lunar cycle and was observed in the cult on a monthly basis (1st, 7th, 15th day). Annual feasts were frequently associated with the agrarian cycle (sowing, harvest), whereby regional differences must be drawn into consideration (e.g., irrigation vs. rainfed agriculture). Non-cyclical feasts were generally related to the ruler (crowning, temple and palace construction, war, death). In the family sphe…


(240 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen)
[German version] (Ἀκτορίωνε; Aktoríōne, dual). Monstrous pair of Siamese twins (Hes. fr. 18 M-W τερατώδεις); with their two heads, four arms and legs, and merged bodies, the pair are extremely strong (Hes. fr. 17; 18). In the Iliad, Nestor boasts that he would have been able to kill the Actorione Molione, Cteatus and Eurytus, if their father Poseidon had not supported them (Il. 11,750-752). On another occasion they defeat Nestor in chariot racing (Il. 23,638). The genealogy is threefold: alongside …


(322 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen)
[German version] (Δίκτυννα; Díktynna). Goddess of fishing, and of the hunt, in Crete. Samians established her sanctuary in about 519 BC on the steep slope of the Tityrus (Rhodopou) peninsula of western Crete [1; 2], according to Hdt. 3,59. Her cult became widespread (Plut. Mor. 984a) as did that of the equivalent figure of Britomartis (Callim. H. 3, 189-205), aside from western Crete, at Aegina and Aphaea (Paus. 2, 30,3), in Gythium, Sparta and Laconia, Athens, Phocis, Massalia and Commagene [3; 4]…


(112 words)

Author(s): Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen)
[German version] (Εὔφορβος; Eúphorbos). Hero in the Iliad on the Trojan side, son of Panthoos and Phrontis [1]. Together with Hector he killed Patroclus (Il. 16,806-815); Menelaus killed him in a counter-strike (Il. 17,9-60) [2]. His shield was kept at the Heraeum of Argus (Paus. 2,17,3).  Pythagoras considered himself to be an incarnation of E. (Heraclid. Pont. fr. 89 Wehrli/Schule; Callim. Fr. 191,59-63 Pfeiffer; Diog. Laert. 8,1,4; Ov. Met. 15,160-163 etc.) [3; 4]. Auffarth, Christoph (Tübingen) Bibliography 1 P. v. d. Mühll, Kritisches Hypomnema zur Ilias, 1952, 255 2 L. Kahi…


(13,714 words)

▲   Back to top   ▲