An infant during the first month after birth.
A human infant born before 37 weeks of GESTATION.
Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.
Care of infants in the home or institution.
Food processed and manufactured for the nutritional health of children in their first year of life.
Liquid formulations for the nutrition of infants that can substitute for BREAST MILK.
The abrupt and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant under one year of age, remaining unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history. (Pediatr Pathol 1991 Sep-Oct;11(5):677-84)
Nutritional physiology of children from birth to 2 years of age.
An infant whose weight at birth is less than 1500 grams (3.3 lbs), regardless of gestational age.
Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of infants.
The nursing of an infant at the breast.
An infant whose weight at birth is less than 1000 grams (2.2 lbs), regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE.
The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of an individual from birth up to but not including ADOLESCENCE.
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Hospital units providing continuing surveillance and care to acutely ill newborn infants.
Use of nursing bottles for feeding. Applies to humans and animals.
A human infant born before 28 weeks of GESTATION.
To utter an inarticulate, characteristic sound in order to communicate or express a feeling, or desire for attention.
Female parents, human or animal.
Continuous care and monitoring of newborn infants with life-threatening conditions, in any setting.
Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.
Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months.
A subspecialty of Pediatrics concerned with the newborn infant.
CHILDBIRTH at the end of a normal duration of PREGNANCY, between 37 to 40 weeks of gestation or about 280 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period.
Hospital facilities which provide care for newborn infants.
Electrically powered devices that are intended to assist in the maintenance of the thermal balance of infants, principally by controlling the air temperature and humidity in an enclosure. (from UMDNS, 1999)
The care of women and a fetus or newborn given before, during, and after delivery from the 28th week of gestation through the 7th day after delivery.
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.
Equipment and furniture used by infants and babies in the home, car, and play area.
The behavior patterns associated with or characteristic of a mother.
DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.
Interaction between a mother and child.
Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality.
Gradual increase in the number, the size, and the complexity of cells of an individual. Growth generally results in increase in ORGAN WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; and BODY HEIGHT.
Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.
The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.
Part of an ear examination that measures the ability of sound to reach the brain.
A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).
The care provided to women and their NEWBORNS for the first few months following CHILDBIRTH.
The posture of an individual lying face down.
The nursing specialty that deals with the care of newborn infants during the first four weeks after birth.
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.
A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.
Accumulation of BILIRUBIN, a breakdown product of HEME PROTEINS, in the BLOOD during the first weeks of life. This may lead to NEONATAL JAUNDICE. The excess bilirubin may exist in the unconjugated (indirect) or the conjugated (direct) form. The condition may be self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) or pathological with toxic levels of bilirubin.
The white liquid secreted by the mammary glands. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.
Treatment of disease by exposure to light, especially by variously concentrated light rays or specific wavelengths.
Official certifications by a physician recording the individual's birth date, place of birth, parentage and other required identifying data which are filed with the local registrar of vital statistics.
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.
Hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency.
Equipment on which one may lie and sleep, especially as used to care for the hospital patient.
The failure of a FETUS to attain its expected FETAL GROWTH at any GESTATIONAL AGE.
A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.
The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates.
The study of normal and abnormal behavior of children.
Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.
Hospital units equipped for childbirth.
A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of ERYTHROBLASTS in the circulation of the FETUS or NEWBORNS. It is a disorder due to BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY, such as the maternal alloimmunization by fetal antigen RH FACTORS leading to HEMOLYSIS of ERYTHROCYTES, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), general edema (HYDROPS FETALIS), and SEVERE JAUNDICE IN NEWBORN.
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.
The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.
In females, the period that is shortly after giving birth (PARTURITION).
A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.
A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility.
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.
A condition characterized by an abnormal increase of BILIRUBIN in the blood, which may result in JAUNDICE. Bilirubin, a breakdown product of HEME, is normally excreted in the BILE or further catabolized before excretion in the urine.
A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.
The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.
An acute inflammatory disease of the lower RESPIRATORY TRACT, caused by paramyxoviruses, occurring primarily in infants and young children; the viruses most commonly implicated are PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE 3; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, HUMAN; and METAPNEUMOVIRUS.
The back (or posterior) of the FOOT in PRIMATES, found behind the ANKLE and distal to the TOES.
A method of continuously holding a partially wrapped baby to the chest, involving skin-to-skin contact. Originally it was a method of caring for LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANT in developing countries and is now more widespread in developed nations. Aside from encouraging breast feeding, the extra sleep that the infant gets assists in regulating body temperature, helps the baby conserve energy, and redirects calorie expenditures toward growth and weight gain.
The killing of infants at birth or soon after.
A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613)
Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.
Morphological and physiological development of FETUSES.
Organized services to provide health care to expectant and nursing mothers.
An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.
Any food that has been supplemented with essential nutrients either in quantities that are greater than those present normally, or which are not present in the food normally. Fortified food includes also food to which various nutrients have been added to compensate for those removed by refinement or processing. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.
Use of reflected ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial pathologic processes.
Emotional attachment to someone or something in the environment.
Childbirth taking place in the home.
Devices that babies can suck on when they are not feeding. The extra sucking can be comforting to the babies and pacify them. Pacifiers usually are used as a substitute for the thumb in babies who suck on their thumb or fingers almost constantly.
The branch of medicine dealing with the fetus and infant during the perinatal period. The perinatal period begins with the twenty-eighth week of gestation and ends twenty-eight days after birth. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Special hospitals which provide care to women during pregnancy and parturition.
Substances and drugs that lower the SURFACE TENSION of the mucoid layer lining the PULMONARY ALVEOLI.
Repetitive withdrawal of small amounts of blood and replacement with donor blood until a large proportion of the blood volume has been exchanged. Used in treatment of fetal erythroblastosis, hepatic coma, sickle cell anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, septicemia, burns, thrombotic thrombopenic purpura, and fulminant malaria.
Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed.
State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.
The determination of oxygen-hemoglobin saturation of blood either by withdrawing a sample and passing it through a classical photoelectric oximeter or by electrodes attached to some translucent part of the body like finger, earlobe, or skin fold. It includes non-invasive oxygen monitoring by pulse oximetry.
Predisposition to react to one's environment in a certain way; usually refers to mood changes.
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.
A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta.
Prenatal protozoal infection with TOXOPLASMA gondii which is associated with injury to the developing fetal nervous system. The severity of this condition is related to the stage of pregnancy during which the infection occurs; first trimester infections are associated with a greater degree of neurologic dysfunction. Clinical features include HYDROCEPHALUS; MICROCEPHALY; deafness; cerebral calcifications; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. Signs of a systemic infection may also be present at birth, including fever, rash, and hepatosplenomegaly. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p735)
An infant born at or after 42 weeks of gestation.
A vaccine consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and whole-cell PERTUSSIS VACCINE. The vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough.
Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.
A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man.
The pit in the center of the ABDOMINAL WALL marking the point where the UMBILICAL CORD entered in the FETUS.
Male parents, human or animal.