Article III

Refers to Article III of the Constitution, the section of the Constitution that authorizes a federal court system. This provides that federal courts have judicial power over all cases and controversies arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States; of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; in which the United States is a party; between two or more states; between a state and the citizens of another state; between citizens of different states; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states; and between a state or citizens thereof and foreign states, citizens, or subjects.
An Article III judge is a judge that is authorized under Article III.

An Article III court is a court that Congress establishes pursuant to Article III.