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What is a myelogram?

A myelogram is a diagnostic imaging procedure done by a radiologist. It uses a contrast dye and X-rays or computed tomography (CT) to look for problems in the spinal canal, including the spinal cord, nerve roots, and other tissues. It is also known as myelography.

The contrast dye is injected into the spinal column before the procedure. The contrast dye appears on an X-ray screen, allowing the radiologist to see the spinal cord, subarachnoid space, and other nearby structures more clearly than with standard X-rays of the spine.


An illustration of the anatomy of the spine
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Anatomy of the spine


  • The cervical area consists of seven vertebrae in the neck.



  • The sacrum has five, small fused vertebrae.



Why might I need a myelogram?


  • Herniated discs (discs that bulge and press on nerves and/or the spinal cord)

  • Spinal cord or brain tumors

  • Infection and/or inflammation of tissues around the spinal cord and brain

  • Spinal stenosis (degeneration and swelling of the bones and tissue around the spinal cord that make the canal narrow)

  • Ankylosing spondylitis (a disease that affects the spine, causing bones to grow together)

  • Bone spurs

  • Arthritis discs

  • Degenerative disc disease 

  • Cysts (benign capsules that may be filled with fluid)

  • Tearing away or injury of spinal nerve roots

  • Arachnoiditis (inflammation of a delicate membrane covering the brain)


What are the risks of a myelogram?


If you are pregnant or think you may be, tell your doctor. Radiation exposure to the fetus may cause birth defects.

Because a contrast dye is used during the procedure, there is risk of allergic reaction to the substance. You will need to let your doctor know if you have ever had a reaction to any contrast.






  • There is a risk of bleeding in the spinal canal.


How do I prepare for a myelogram?



  • Generally, fasting is required prior to administering contrast. Your doctor will instruct you prior to the procedure of any necessary fasting requirements.

  • Notify the radiologist if you have ever had a reaction to any contrast or if you are allergic to iodine.


  • Notify your doctor of all medications (prescribed and over-the-counter) and herbal supplements that you are taking. Many medications can cause problems with myelography. You will be screened for any of these before your test. You may be asked to stop some of your medications prior to the procedure.






What happens during a myelogram?


Generally, a myelogram follows this process:

Illustration of lumbar puncture
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  2. You will be given a gown to wear.


  4. During the procedure, you will lie on your stomach on a padded table.

  5. Your back will be cleaned with an antiseptic solution and draped with sterile towels.

  6. The radiologist will numb the skin by injecting a local anesthetic that numbs the site. This injection may sting for a few seconds, but makes the procedure less painful.

  7. A needle will be inserted through the numbed skin and into the subarachnoid space where the spinal fluid is located. You may feel some pressure while the needle is inserted, but you must stay still during the insertion of the needle.


  9. The X-ray table will be tilted in various directions to allow gravity to move the contrast dye to different areas of your spinal cord. You will be held in place by a special brace or harness. More contrast may be given during this process through the secured lumbar puncture needle.

  10. The needle is removed and the X-rays or CT scan pictures are taken.

  11. Tell the radiologist right away if you feel any numbness, tingling, headache, or lightheadedness during the procedure.


What happens after the procedure?

You should remain in the lying position for several hours after the procedure to reduce your risk of developing a CSF leak.   





