Weight loss and LC: Time to stop denying the science


It’s either ignorance or science denial.


Randomized controlled trials showing significantly more weight loss with low carb diets






Update an expert



Update Jul 25, 2011

Another one, making it 14 – 0:


LCHF for beginners

Science for smart people

1 2


  1. Thanks for this. I hope you don't mind but I've referenced your list on my blog in a post trying to show people that low-carb, high-fat is not dangerous and does not cause heart disease.
  2. And so many of the studies that do claim that "low-carb doesn't work" are not even testing a proper low-carb diet! When you're you're comparing diets and the lowest carb one still has 35% calories from carbs, OF COURSE you're not going to get results that show much benefit. 35% may be lower than most people eat, but most low-carb experts would never consider that level to qualify. It's not even *close* to Atkins-level, yet that hasn't stopped some from claiming that "Atkins diet shows no comparative benefit."
  3. Thanks for sharing this! Awesome!
  4. LisaW
    This article is a great resource all by itself - I needed that as I have a lot of naysayers in my family/friends....Quite a few folks actually believe that a LCHF diet is deadly!

    Thanks Dr. Eenfeldt.

  5. Many thanks for this list Dr. Eenfeldt!
    I'm revising/updating one of my books and planned to compile a similar list. You just saved me an hour.


  6. Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt, MD Team Diet Doctor
    Ryan, Amy, LisaW, Steve,
    Glad you liked it!
  7. PJAy
    You Norwegians experts would make a nice use of these two.




    This study went through 107 weight-loss studies that have utilized LCHF-scams. Same message.


    Here's two pearls as well,


    Clinical Implications of Basic Research. A Look at the Low-Carbohydrate Diet (2009)


    Might want to check this one as well.


  8. PJAy
    "As far as I know the opposite has never been shown: low carb has never lost a weight loss trial significantly".

    Don't be ridiculous, and skip the scientific cherry-picking.


  9. Thank you! Readers might also be interested in the youtube video featuring Dr. Christopher Gardner, lead author in the A to Z study listed above.
    In this lecture, he also presents additional data analysis that was not included in the original paper, which shows that the low carb diet is even better for women tending towards metabolic syndrome.
  10. Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt, MD Team Diet Doctor
    Ridiculous? Did you read the word "significantly"? All the 13 studies in my list show statistically significantly better weight loss with low carb.

    Correct me if I'm mistaken but the Dansinger study did not have any statistically significant differences between the groups when it came to weight. Only trends.

    I have ten more studies showing non-significant trends toward more weight loss with low carb. That would make it 23 studies in favor of low carb (and 3 against that I know of). However, those results may be due to chance (like the Dansinger study) so I only count the ones with significant findings.

    Still 13-0 in favor of low carb when it comes to significant findings, as far as I can see. Do you know of any exceptions?

  11. Kärnfrisk
    And your'e not cherry-picking in #8?
  12. Kärnfrisk
    PJAy #7
    And yet, inspite eating low fat, high carb, the americans has the most obese and metabolically sick people in the world. Why is that if low fat is so darn healthy?
  13. Pjay

    Doc. Can you give me a list of the stuff you typically eat during a typical day together with portion sizes. I'll break down your calories and macronutrient ratio's of the meals. I bet you are something like 194cm tall, 92kgs?

  14. Milton

    Wouldn't that be a factor in favor of such a diet?

  15. Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt, MD Team Diet Doctor


    Wouldn't that be a factor in favor of such a diet?

    Spontaneously eating fewer calories, without hunger... That actually sounds like the perfect weight loss diet. Too bad that some people do not realize it yet. ;)

  16. Jason

    I couldn't help but notice (probably because I was looking for it) that many of these studies also showed marked improvements in blood lipid levels, especially triglycerides. I especially liked the language in Samaha, et. al.: "The amount of weight lost (P<0.001) and assignment to the low-carbohydrate diet (P=0.01) were independent predictors of improvement in triglyceride levels and insulin sensitivity."

    It seems to me that there are three things that would be interesting to have "study count" summaries of:

    1) the weight loss effectiveness of diets (this post, 13-0 in favor of LC or LCHF);

    2) the improvement of blood lipids (my count of these studies: 4 showed more improvement from LC, 3 showed similar effects from all diets investigated, 0 showed more improvement from LF, and 6 didn't make mention of lipids);

    3) insulin sensitivity or fasting insulin (2 study mentioned it that I saw, and LC showed more improvement in both studies).

    I include the third category since it seems likely to me that insulin resistance is the primary cause of metabolic syndrome.

    Do you know, of the top of your head, any further studies showing statistically significant benefits or penalties to LC or LCHF vs. LF in these categories? It might be nice to have some lists handy for doctors here in the US that instinctively say "that's not healthy" as opposed to "that's not going to help you lose weight."

    Additionally, I am quite interested in the difference between LCHF and LC. Are you aware of any studies examining the effects of one vs. the other?

    I ask because I was on strict LC for about five years, and, for the last two years of that period, my weight started to creep up as I got cravings for starches or sugars. I then started dating a woman who likes to bake; cookies, cakes, that sort of thing--and she didn't believe that LC was healthy. I fell off the diet, and for five years have carried 50 extra pounds again.

    I've now been following your LCHF diet for nearly a month and have had zero carbohydrate cravings. I am especially enjoying the 10% milkfat/cream/nut breakfast muesli, and have even learned to take it without artificial sweetener, since my sugar cravings are gone. My blood pressure has plummeted, falling from 148/92 to 118/78 in four weeks. I have yet to take lipid panels, but will do so in the next few weeks.

    Anyway, thank you very much for your blog. I very much appreciate it, and look forward to reading more.



  17. Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt, MD Team Diet Doctor
    I have a nice Excel file with all the 30+ RCTs comparing LCHF and LFLC (low fat low calorie) and the findings when it comes to other risk factors as well.

    A very clear pattern emerges.

    I'll try to put it into a more visually pleasing and clear design, for publishing here (with links to all the studies). I'm sure a lot of people will find it interesting. ;)

    I have not seen any studies comparing LCHF to LC. The thing is that LC has to be HF if it's not calorie restricted. LCHF is probably the only truly LC way that works long term to avoid hunger and feeling miserable. The main source of energy has to come from either carbs or fat.

  18. Great post! It's wonderful to have hard science on your side. The only thing better is to have emotion on your side. Don't get me wrong; as a rationalist, I prefer the science. But on my cynical days, I think most people are swayed by emotional appeals.

    I'm in my 5th month of eating LCHF. I eat fewer calories than I used to, but I'm not hungry doing it. So, strictly based on personal experience, I can't say whether weight loss is due to eating fewer carbs or fewer calories. But I've tried and failed to stay on a conventional HCLF diet. Therefore, I can say that eating fewer carbs (lots fewer) and more fat is what enables me to eat fewer calories over a sustained period.

  19. Margaretrc
    "LCHF is probably the only truly LC way that works long term to avoid hunger and feeling miserable. The main source of energy has to come from either carbs or fat." So true! I tried the Zone diet for a while (the vegetarian version--stupid me!) and, although it worked, I ultimately could not stick with it. Carbs are restricted, but there is not enough fat to make up the difference in energy needs. I believe restricting both carbs and fat is not only not sustainable, but not healthy and I think there actually is some literature on that somewhere. I seem to remember reading a Scientific American article a long time ago that had people doing a low fat version of Atkins and suffering some serious health issues that went away when they added fat back in. Sorry I can't recall which issue.
  20. Jason

    I don't know if you can share that excel file with me, but I'm a NASA engineer and have often worked on data visualization. I might be able to whip something up easily.

    I'd prefer it if you could send the data to the email I used in Jason #16 post, I used my work email to make this post.

    Come to think of it, you might not be able to see my email address? I don't know. I will simply email you.

    Thanks again for your blog. It is making a difference.

  21. Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt, MD Team Diet Doctor
    I can see your email and I got your mail.

    I sent the file a minute ago. Let me know if you need help to make sense of it, it's a bit cluttered. ;)

  22. Peggy Holloway
    1.As far as LCHF diets producing weight loss because of a lowering of total calorie consumption, Gary Taubes proposes that the reason calorie-restricted diets are effective at all is because when you cut calories, you also are cutting carbohydrate intake. (For example, if you cut calorie intake in half, you are obviously also cutting your carb intake in half if you keep your nutrient composition percentages the same.)

    How sad that this title implies that "healthy eating" is not low-carbohydrate.

    3. Eric is correct in pointing out that in the vast majority of studies that are cited as showing that a low-carbohydrate is either ineffective for weight loss or is "associated" with some dire outcome, the "low-carbohydrate" diet is still way to high in carbs to be ketogenic and there is no emphasis on the high fat component of the most effective low-carb diets. Nor should a diet that is labeled "high protein" be a part of this debate.

  23. Dr J
    A couple of things:

    1) The studies that are often cited to disparage LCHF are usually poorly executed effectiveness trials. Typically a LCHF diet is compared to a "healthy" weight loss diet. Subjects are randomized after exclusion criteria are applied which often eliminate the people who benefit most from LCHF like type 2 diabetics. The results are subjected to an "intention to treat" analysis which includes the results of people who dropped out or who did not necessarily comply with their assigned diet. This will dilute the benefits of LCHF if there is attrition in that arm. More importantly, attrition can be affected if the administration of the LCHF diet itself is done poorly, which is usually the case. A good example is the recent Foster et al study where they excluded T2D, restricted salt and encouraged water consumption, advised increasing carbs after 12 weeks and promoted high omega-6 vegetable oils. All of these errors skewed the study in favour of the control diet. Yet, the findings which found that weight loss at 24 months was the same, are reported as evidence that LCHF offers no advantage.

    2) Yes, people on LCHF eat less. That is the whole point, FCS! They eat less because they have normalized their appetite homeostatic systems by reversing their hyperinsulinemia and leptin resistance by cutting carbs. People on a low-calorie diet struggle with this because the high carb content attenuates the diet's effect on those important regulatory factors. This is why on LCHF people spontaneously cut calories without feeling hungry all the time. Yet, instead of recognizing this as a desired feature of LCHF over low-cal the critics cite this as evidence against LCHF. Truly a Bizarro World response!

    Thankfully there are some researchers who know what they are doing. The best studies at the moment are being done by Jeff Volek et al at UConn. Unfortunately, he struggles to get funding and can't get published in the high impact journals, the ones that love to publish the other poorly done effectiveness studies. Go figure!

  24. The whole calorie in vs calorie out concept still confuses many. By definition an obese person consumes more energy than they expend. Eating more than you burn does not make you fat; it defines you being fat. CICO in no way implies cause.

    Two primary causes have been debated. The first is our mental weakness. We do not have the willpower to say no to DQ Banana Splits and mega-sized Cokes. So American armed forces personnel have no willpower. Their type-2 epidemic is because the people protecting the USA are all gluttons and sloths Six month olds have no willpower to avoid those Happy Meals. Obese single mothers are stealing food from their malnurished children. Definately take those kids away.

    When you have 50% obesity rates across whole populations, it makes much more sense to look at systems, not individuals. The person who cannot put down that donut probably does exist. Personally I ate that diabetes diet and rarely partook in junk food.

    The other cause is hyperinsulinemia. The science says insulin stores food and keeps it there. Mice constantly fed insulin will get obese and starve to death. This is not opinion; it's science. It's in medical textbooks. You will not find a doctor who doesn't agree with it. They may not agree that hoovering carbs raises insulin to such extremes that our bodies become imbalanced, but they will all agree on the mechanism of insulin.

    The fence pusher is cholesterol. The belief that saturated fat and cholesterol cause heart disease is prevalent. After all the science clearly shows it does, right? Never mind I can't find ANY science or well conducted studies supporting either as bad. I can't find studies that convince me saturated fat raises cholesterol. The NHLBI makes an interesting statement about atherosclerosis. The NHLBI sets cholesterol treatment policy for the world. They say about the cause: "The exact cause of atherosclerosis isn't known." So we have a panel of scientists (ATP) almost all funded by Big Pharma pushing the ideas of low cholesterol and saturated fat, but they don't know the caus of atherosclerosis. Oh joy!

    Have a nice day.

  25. Possibly of use in your debate is my blog post on the Oslo-diet-heart study:
  26. “..a recent study by Foo and colleagues shows that HPLC diets may accelerate atherosclerosis through mechanisms that are unrelated to the classic cardiovascular risk factors”. The atherosclerosis was in mice. Not normal mice which do not normally get atherosclerosis (possibly because of high HDL)but apoE knockouts that are susceptible to atherosclerosis. Get it. Mouse-human, small change. normal-apoE-/- mutation, small change. Low carbohydrate diet with higher protein ever given to humans. That's it. Low carb diets are bad. I was asked to write an article on fad diets in diabetes and included this story. A copy of the article is at the NMS website http://www.nmsociety.org
  27. The Dansinger paper doesn't look to be a good comparison to me. Too much attrition, and data filled in for missing values. The "Atkins" cohort started out low-carb, but were already at 40% carbohydrate sometime between 2 and 6 months, up until completion. Medium carb perhaps, hardly low-carb and too low in fat.
  28. Fascinating discussion. I am happy to have stumbled upon this discourse. As a dietitian working with patients I am also stunned that most clinicians do not have any other way of thinking about energy metabolism than engaging the energy balance equation. Their lack of curiosity coupled with pervasive judgment and bias regarding obesity reinforces stereotypes.

    I am concerned that a preoccupation with ketosis as a mechanism for perferred fat metabolism masks the significance of learning the role of insulin in regulating glucose and fat metabolism. There is not one significant cut point of carbohydrate intake that is necessary for everyone to burn fat for fuel.

    From over 25 years of observing clients and studying the literature it seems to me that each person has their own unique level of carbohydrate intake whereas they shift from preferential fat metabolism to glucose metabolism. Relative insulin sensitivity/resistance seems to be more of a spectrum phenomena.

    I am waiting for the studies that identify relative insulin sensitivity in the population and assess how people respond to different carbohydrate intake. Chris Gardner's work provokes the discussion, but there are more than 2 cut points that are significant. By studying the extremes it is easier to get better data-but my guess is that it is just this kind of study design that serves to polarize our thinking and the discussion.

  29. xtrocious
    And here is another one who claims otherwise...


  30. darrol
    Doc, I didn't notice if you had this study listed in support of LCHF diet, but it is a good one.Yancy WS, et al. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet vs orlistat plus a low-fat diet for weight loss. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2010;170(2):136-145

    A Good trial, the LCHF performed better than the low fat and didn't have to control calories.

  31. Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt, MD Team Diet Doctor
    Yes, they should. Thanks.

    That would make it 16-0. Can anybody find a single study pointing in the other direction?

  32. Diane
    Is there a risk that on a LCHF diet the calories will go too low? I checked my calories the other day to see what they might be. I really thought they would be a lot higher, but they totaled less than 1000. If someone eats that few calories on a regular basis, will that cause a problem? I tried increasing my calories by eating more meat for a week and started gaining weight again. If I just try to eat bigger LCHF meals I end up having to skip meals because I just can't eat more. My weight loss has been excruciatingly small. I'm one of those older women (46) that people like to sweep under the rug and pretend don't exist. We're the big monkey wrench in the whole thing.
  33. Zepp
    Yes there is.. some peopel get hungry all the time, some others lose there apetite!

    If one eat to little, one can get to little nutrishon, and in the long run, one can lower the basal metabolism.

    Most pepople dont need to count calories, but it give you a hint about if you eat to little or to much.. notting more!

    Try to eat some more crunchy vetegabels to your meals or some small amounts starchy foods, to test if this gonna get you more hungry?

  34. moreporkplease
    "Is there a risk that on a LCHF diet the calories will go too low?"

    The 2005 Boden study shows that low-carb folks spontaneously eat fewer calories - in the study, they ate 1,000 calories less! :) So, yes, it is possible that you might fall too low to get adequate nutrition, I suppose, if you were eating 2100 calories before and then had a Boden-type result! :)

    I think generally low-carb women should try to eat a threshold of at least 1400-1500 calories a day to ensure adequate nutrition. But of course some women are extra-petite and may need less. If you are under 5'2", you may be ok with fewer. You have to find what works for you.

    If you are eating 25% protein, 65% fat, 10% good carbs (brightly colored and green veggies, eggs, etc.), and about 1400-1500 calories a day, you should be on a good path toward weight loss. You may want to consider adding some weight-lifting. A lot of women find adding a little more resistance exercise helps them break through.

    However, some Peri-menopausal women, women with PCOS, or insulin resistant/T2D women will still struggle. If that's the case, you may want to look into your medical issues - some may still need a bit of metformin or Januvia, some may need thyroid help, some may need to have their hormones balanced.

    As Dr. Mary Vernon said in Andreas' recent video, if strict low-carb isn't working for you, you may need to have your incretin hormones checked too - I have read on the low-carb blogs about some people taking Januvia for this, iirc - but obviously I'm not an expert, you should see your doctor. :)

  35. Diane
    I know this is crazy, but can you tell me if my weightloss expectations are just unrealistic or if you think I truly have a problem worthy of seeing a doctor? This link is to a picture of me.
  36. Maggan A

    You seeme to have lost some veight in a very short time. If you want to loose moore you prophobly will if you are young. But you must be patient because the last kilos are often the hardest.

    You absolutly do not look like you need a doctor :-)

  37. John
    Hey you, so you admit that it is in fact the fewer calories consumed that is the reason people lost weight. Not the fact that they were eating fewer carbs.

    Doesn't that just go against what you are trying to say? If people are losing weight they are doing it because they eat less that they need. Therefor it is just greed and gluttony that is the reason they were fat in the first place. If high fat, low carb made them eat less, it just means they are becoming like the rest of us who allready have the will-power to stop eating.

    Why care about why they ate less, the point is if they had willpower to stop eating on a regular diet, they would reduce weight as well.

  38. Diane
    I'm pretty old. I'm 46. I haven't really lost anything for a month. I don't know what else to do but keep going. If this is as good as it gets, then at least I'm not quite as dumpy looking as I was. So thank you for your opinions.

    John, there's a lot of info out there about this. The thing is, on a high fat diet you naturally eat less calories because you are satisfied. This is a huge difference compared to fighting against your hunger all the time.

    Furthermore, if you consume enough fat to meet your needs and there is no deficit, your body will not bother to consume its own fat stores. So it does appear that a calorie deficit is needed to lose weight.

    The weird thing is what happens where there's a calorie excess. People either do not gain weight or they gain far less than the calorie excess should have caused. The other weird thing is with studies where they've tried to keep weight stable on a low carb diet, they have a really hard time doing it. The low carb people either lose weight no matter what or else they have to eat way more calories than a control group eating a high carb diet. I read this somewhere on Dr. Eades' blog, but can't remember where.

  39. FrankG
    @John #38...

    Why care about willpower at all when the change of diet (what I eat) seems to have had the desired magical effect?

    Willpower must be great for feeling morally superior to others, but I don't see it having much use for anything else ;-)

  40. Milton
    The person who makes the necessary changes to his diet so that he manages his weight and health properly has applied all of the willpower that he needed.
  41. moreporkplease

    Not at all John; rather we argue that we eat less because we are losing weight. Crucial difference. Eating ess is merely a symptom - it is not at all the cause.

  42. Very happy to see this discussion! I am a medical student with a master's degree in nutrition who has been studying this exact topic for quite some time now. I have created a running, interactive list of all clinical trials testing this idea, whether they were null or otherwise. After 3 years of work, I still have yet to find a clinical trial in which the low-fat group lost more weight, despite the low carb group often reportedly eating the same amount or more calories. You can see a summary and complete bibliography here: http://www.awlr.org/carb-restricted-diets.html. Further more, the Low carb group consistently increases their HDL, decreases their triglycerides, increases the size of their small, dense, atherogenic LDL particles to large and fluffy - All of which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

    There is also a similar page on, dietary cholesterol and saturated fats.

    It is part of the Ancestral Weight Loss Registry I recently created, which hopes to gather and publish data on the best ways to lose weight on a paleo and/or carb-restricted diet.

  43. Andrew
    Here's a very nice site on the topic of "why, in particular, the _high-fat_ aspect LCHF is heart-healthy". It's in lay terms, concise, and cites 4 journal studies specifically focused on the fat aspect. (I cited them below, too).


    I needed something _exactly_ like this to show my wife. I love Diet Doctor, but needed something focused on the HF part, short (so she'll read it), in lay terms, but with impressive-sounding studies (again, on just the HF/health aspect).

    She's doing calorie-restriction (esp. fat) + exercise; I'm doing LCHF. We're both doing great (I'm down 12 lbs/5.5kg in 14 days!), but she's hungry and tempted, I'm not. >;-) She can't argue with the empirical evidence of my weight loss, but is SURE I'm going to stroke out, have a heart attack, or need a kidney transplant. (You gotta admit, it's counterintuitive after all the food-pyramid, calories-in minus calories-burned, "if you want to lose fat you shouldn't be putting more into your body" common "wisdom" we've been (ahem) fed for decades.)

    She sees me making a 2-egg omelet in butter with cheese and sausage and taking a pound of salami to work, and damn near calls our life insurance carrier to double my policy. >;-) I'm sure none of you know what I'm talking about - :-) - but it sure is fun converting skeptics, every time they see you a belt-notch tighter...

    1. Tay, J., et al. Metabolic effects of weight loss on a very-low-carbohydrate diet compared with an isocaloric high-carbohydrate diet in abdominally obese subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008. 51:59-6
    2. Volek, J.S., et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction induces a unique metabolic state positively affecting atherogenic dyslipidemia, fatty acid partitioning, and metabolic syndrome. Prog Lipid Res, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2008.02.0033.
    3. Hayek, T, et al. Dietary fat increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels both by increasing the transport rates and decreasing the fractional catabolic rates of HDL cholesterol ester and apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I. J Clin Invest, 1993; 91(4);1665-16714.
    4. Siri-Tarino, P.W., et al. Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27725

  44. Alexandra M
    Andrew - thanks for those links. I sent an email to the doctor suggesting that people on LCHF diets in Scandinavia should get lots of bloodwork done to document the safety of the diet - because most people react the way your wife does: it simply CAN"T be healthy! But if we had thousands of examples of bloodwork from thinner, healthier people it might actually begin to tip the scales (so to speak).
  45. Martin Levac
    Hello Dr Eenfeldt, you said there are no studies that show Atkins is worse for weight loss. I found one. I'm sorry that I did, but evidence is evidence, and we shouldn't ignore any of it, even if it contradicts our beliefs. I mean, especially when it contradicts our beliefs.

    JAMA. 2005 Jan 5;293(1):43-53

    In this study by Dansinger et al, we find that Atkins did worse for weight loss. However, I still like it because when I compare it with A-TO-Z, I find several interesting things. Adherence here is number of study finishers vs study starters.

    When adherence is higher with Atkins, results are better.
    Atkins: 53% = 2.1kg vs 88% = 4.7kg
    When adherence is higher with Ornish and ZONE, results are worse.
    ZONE: 65% = 3.2kg vs 77% = 1.6kg
    Ornish: 50% = 3.3kg vs 78% = 2.2kg

    This seems to refute the idea that adherence is positively associated with results. It only proves true for Atkins, not for Ornish or ZONE. If we formulate it in reverse (lower adherence vs results), we also refute the accepted idea that study quitters tend to make their group look better. It proves true for Ornish and ZONE, but not for Atkins.

    Furthermore, compared to the A-TO-Z study, the Dansinger et al study didn't actually test the Atkins diet but something similar that included the Atkins cookbook. In fact, it didn't test any of the actual diets, only their cookbooks. This means that adherence also means following the instructions, not just completing the study. Accordingly, we can also conclude that when following the instructions more closely, we get better results with Atkins, but worse results with Ornish and ZONE. This seems to further refute the general idea that better adherence is universally associated with better results. It only proves true for Atkins.

    Like I said, we shouldn't ignore any of it, especially when it contradicts our beliefs, because who knows what gems we'll find in there. Isn't that cool?

  46. Dr. Andreas Eenfeldt, MD Team Diet Doctor
    Martin Levac,
    I know the Dansinger study. The difference between low carb and the other diets isn't statistically significant, i.e. it may very well be due to pure chance.

    All the 16 studies above has statistically significantly better results for low carb.

    If you want to count non-significant results too there are far more than 16 studies showing such an advantage for low carb.

  47. Martin Levac
    Right. 1.2kg difference between best and worst doesn't actually reflect that much difference between the interventions. This means poor study design. Still, that data can be used anyway like I did for adherence/results analysis since poor study design did cause adherence to drop significantly. I mean, they did count the number of people with absolute accuracy, didn't they? It's not like they did everything by phone or something.
  48. shane
  49. Insulin sensitivity determines the effectiveness of dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss in obese women. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15897479

    Weight loss depended on insulin sensitivity. Some women lost more on a higher carb diet, some on a lower carb diet. This was a crossover study.
    Context matters. I frequently (I'm a nutritionist) find some people do better on moderate carb, moderate fat diets, after struggling on very low carb, high fat diets (lose energy, fat loss stalls, sleep suffers)

1 2

Leave a reply

Reply to comment #0 by

Older posts