20 Rarest And Most Expensive Materials On Earth

The most valuable and rarest substances in the world tend to be expensive. Some of them come with a high price tag because of the illegal activity and criminal risk involved in selling and buying of these products. However, the cost fluctuates over time, depending on the availability of rare material and what people are willing to pay for it.

We are presenting you the 20 most expensive materials in the world, which includes the rare elements on earth (like platinum and gold), illegal drugs and complex substance that are hard to produce. The cost of illegal drugs depends more on where you buy it. They all share a common thing – high demand, low supply.

20. White Truffles – $5 per gram

White Truffles

Truffles are an underground fungus, usually shaved down to a near granular form and can be used in almost all kinds of foods. The white truffles are rare – they are only available for a couple of months of the year, almost exclusively from one portion of Italy.

White truffles have a unique smell – like a combination of musk, nuts, and ozone. In December 2007, Macau casino owner Stanley Ho paid $330,000 for a specimen weighing 1.5 kilograms. In November 2010, he again paid $330,000 for a pair of white truffles (one weighing nearly a kilogram).

19. Saffron – $11 per gram


Saffron is not even close to being one of the rarest elements on Earth; still, it is making an entry in our list. The reason is it grows in the middle of a crocus flower, which is an extremely labor-intensive crop. Around one acre land of purple crocuses yield only one pound of Saffron.

Saffron is widely used in Indian, European and Turkish cuisines. There are a few evidence that says saffron helps with major depressive disorder. It may also help relieve the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

18. Iranian Beluga Caviar -$30 per gram

Iranian Beluga CaviarImage credit: caviarexpress

Iranian Beluga Caviar (also known as Almas) are fish eggs, primarily found in the world’s largest salt-water lake, Caspian Sea.

The fish harvested for caviar are nearly 800 kg and the eggs themselves are the largest of the commonly used roes. Almas is usually taken from a centennial female sturgeon, which is the rarest type of Beluga available at present, with extremely small production.

17. Gold – $36 per gram


Gold is a dense, transition metal, and one of the least reactive metal elements that occur often in free elemental form. As of 2014, a total of 183,600 tonnes of gold is present above ground.

It is found in a wide variety of jewelry, art, and decoration. In the past (before 1976), gold was used as currency. Because of its heavy conductivity, it is also used in different electronics. A few gold salts are used as anti-inflammatories in medicine. Moreover, it is used in color-glass production, gold leafing, dental implants, and infrared shielding.

16. Rhodium -$22 per gram

RhodiumPhoto credit: Wikimedia

Rhodium is a noble metal, found in platinum or nickel ores along with the other members of platinum group metals. The element is hard, durable, reflective, and less dense and more resistant to heat than platinum.

Rhodium is majorly used as a 3-way catalytic converter in automobiles, and because of its rarity and inert against corrosion, it is usually alloyed with palladium. Sometimes White Gold is plated with a thin layer of Rhodium to enhance its appearance. The Rhodium detectors are used in nuclear reactors to determine the neutron flux level.

15. Platinum – $36 per gram


Platinum is the least reactive metal with high resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures. It is usually found chemically uncombined as native platinum.

Like Gold, Platinum is used in jewelry and decoration. It is also used to produce catalytic converters, electrodes, platinum resistance thermometer, laboratory, and dentistry equipment. A few compounds containing platinum (like cisplatin and carboplatin) are applied in chemotherapy to remove cancer.

14. Methamphetamine -$90 per gram


You might be familiar with this drug, especially if you have watched Breaking Bad. It’s an illegal, most addictive drug that causes adverse changes in brain structure and function, and can damage neurons in the Central Nervous System.

In the USA, methamphetamine hydrochloride is used for treating obesity and ADHD in both children and adults. Sometimes, it is prescribed off label for idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy. However, the overdose may lead to high/low blood pressure, painful urination, over-responsive reflexes, abnormal heart rhythm, tremor, and muscle ache.

13. Rhino Horn – $100 per gram

Rhino Horn

Rhino Horns are made of keratin. It’s a similar type of protein that makes up fingernails and hair. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, it is considered a life-saving medicine. There is a rumor that imbibing horn powder had cured a Vietnamese politician’s cancer, which somehow increased the horn demand.

In the past, horns were used to fight fever and liver problems. In ancient Greece, horns were believed to have the ability to purify water. Also, they were ‘high society’ decorative ‘fad’ in Europe in the late 19th and 20th century.

12. Heroin – $110 per gram


Heroin is generally illegal to manufacture, buy and sell without a license. Afghanistan produced almost 87 percent of the world supply in 2004. Later, in 2007-2011 Mexico became the second-largest opium producer.

The heroine is used in the treatment of acute pain, post-surgical pain, myocardial infarction, and physical trauma. However, an overdose may lead to the risk of contracting blood-borne pathogens and bacterial or fungal endocarditis, decreased kidney function, and even death.

11. Cocaine – $140 per gram


Cocaine is a strong, addictive drug, commonly snorted, inhaled or injected into veins. It is produced from the Erythroxylum coca leaves, which generally grows in the Andes region of South America.

Cocaine is often used for numbing and decreasing bleeding during nasal surgery. However, the non-prescribed intake may lead to an intense feeling of happiness, agitation, fast heart rate, high blood pressure, and body temperature. It also increases the risk of stroke and sudden cardiac death.

10. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide – $2,500 per gram

lysergic acid diethylamide

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (commonly known as LSD) is a semi-synthetic drug, derived from a non-organic chemical named diethylamide, a fungus that grows on certain grains, and ergot. It is sensitive to ultraviolet light, chlorine, and oxygen.

The effects of LSD are unpredictable. The user may experience changes in mood, different emotions at once and visual hallucination. The physical effects include weakness, hypothermia, sleeplessness, tremors, goosebumps, elevated heart rate, and blood sugar.

9. Plutonium – $3,900 per gram


Plutonium is a radioactive element, derived from Uranium that has been used in nuclear reactions. It quickly dissolves in concentrated mineral acids and reacts with halogens, silicon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon.

Plutonium is used in nuclear weapons. It has been used as a source of energy on space missions, including Mars Curiosity Rover and the New Horizons spacecraft. Also, inhaling Plutonium in any form may cause cancer.

Read: Strongest Material In The Universe Lies In Neutron Stars’ Crust

8. Painite – $8500 per gram


Painite is a very rare borate mineral, found in Myanmar. It contains trace amounts of vanadium and chromium and has orange-red to brownish-red color.

As of 2004, there were fewer than 25 known crystals, though many more materials have been found recently in Myanmar. Only a few of them are privately owned. Rest of the stones are distributed between Gemological Institute of America and GRS Gem Research Laboratory and the British Museum of Natural History.

7. Red Beryl – $9,000 per gram

Red Beryl

Red beryl was first described in 1904 for an occurrence. It is so rare that it has only been found in a handful of location – states of Utah and New Mexico.

Red beryl also occurs in topaz-bearing rhyolites. They are produced by crystallizing under low pressure and high temperature from a pneumatolytic phase along fractures or within near-surface cavities of the rhyolite. The crystal is slightly softer than the diamond but much rarer. It is used to make jewelry.

6. Taaffeite – $20,000 per gram


Taaffeite is the gemstone identified from a faceted stone. It is named after its discoverer Richard Taaffe. There are less than a dozen of Taaffeite stones known to exist, color ranging from red to purple. The originally discovered taaffeite weighed 1.419 carats – part of this material was analyzed, and the remainder was re-cut into a gem of 0.55 carat.

Taaffeite is the first mineral to contain both magnesium and beryllium. It also shows the property of double refraction.

5. Tritium – $30,000 per gram

TritiumImage credit: Wikimedia

Tritium is a radioactive form of hydrogen – its trace amounts are formed by the interaction of the atmosphere with cosmic rays.

The radioactive decay of small amounts of tritium allows phosphors to glow, which is why it is used for making self-powered lighting devices known as betalights. It is used to increase the yield of fission bombs and the fission stages of hydrogen bombs. Tritium has been used as a tool to examine ocean circulation and ventilation. Moreover, it is an important fuel for controlled nuclear fusion.

4. Diamond -$50,000 per gram


Diamond is the most expensive gemstone, despite the fact it is not the rarest one on Earth. It’s an allotrope of carbon with the highest hardness and thermal conductivity. A few diamonds have been dated as far back as 3.3 billion years.

Diamonds are mostly used in making jewelry – it’s a popular choice for engagement/wedding ring. The smaller pieces are used for cutting glass and drilling rocks. Diamond dies are used to make thin tungsten wires.

Researchers are testing diamonds as a drug-delivery system to fight breast/liver cancers, and diamond electrodes that can be implanted in the retina to help blind people see.

3. Californium – $27 million per gram

CaliforniumThe cyclotron used to first synthesize californium

Californium is a radioactive element, first made in 1950 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory. It doesn’t occur naturally on earth: To create it you need to have either a particle accelerator or nuclear reactor. The element is almost insoluble in water, but it adheres well to ordinary soil.

Only one microgram of Californium is capable of releasing 170 million neutron particles every minute. It is used as a neutron source to identify silver and gold ores. It is also used in neutron moisture gauge, which helps researchers find water and oil-bearing layers in oil wells.

Read: 7 Heaviest Elements On Earth | By Atomic Mass

2. Buckminsterfullerene – $150 million per gram

BuckminsterfullereneImage credit: Wikimedia

Buckminsterfullerene (also called Buckyball) contains 60 carbon atoms (with nitrogen atoms housed in them). Oxford University has been working on this material for more than 12 years.

The material can be used for building a small and portable atomic clock, which would be the world’s most accurate form of timekeeping. At present, atomic clocks are room-sized. This new nano-material can shrink down the atomic clock to microchip size, and thus could be integrated into mobile phones. It can also make GPS navigation accurate to 1 millimeter. 

1. Antimatter – $62.5 trillion per gram (estimated by NASA)

AntimatterThe first positron ever observed

Antimatter is a material composed of antiparticles, having the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but opposite charges. Making 1 gram of antimatter would require 25 million billion kilowatt-hours of energy.

Read: Black Gold: A New Material That Can Perform Artificial Photosynthesis

When antimatter particles interact with matter particles, they annihilate each other and produce massive amounts of energy. This could be used as a fuel for interplanetary or interstellar travel. Moreover, matter-antimatter reactions have practical applications in medical imaging, such as Positron Emission Tomography.

Written by
Varun Kumar

Varun Kumar is a professional science and technology journalist and a big fan of AI, machines, and space exploration. He received a Master's degree in computer science from Indraprastha University. To find out about his latest projects, feel free to directly email him at [email protected] 

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