TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of Lysogenic Bacteriophage and Phage-Associated Toxin from Group A Streptococci during Coculture with Human Pharyngeal Cells JF - Infection and Immunity JO - Infect. Immun. SP - 1440 LP - 1443 DO - 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1440-1443.2001 VL - 69 IS - 3 AU - Broudy, Thomas B. AU - Pancholi, Vijaykumar AU - Fischetti, Vincent A. Y1 - 2001/03/01 UR - http://iai.asm.org/content/69/3/1440.abstract N2 - We found that when group A streptococci are cocultured with human pharyngeal cells, they upregulate and secrete a 25-kDa toxin, determined to be the bacteriophage-encoded streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SpeC). This prompted us to determine if the bacteriophage themselves are induced during coculture conditions. We found that bacteriophage induction does occur, resulting in the release of ∼105 phage particles during the 3-h coculture. Furthermore, we show that the bacteriophage induction event is mediated by a pharyngeal cell soluble factor for which we provide an initial characterization. ER -