Dataset 'nlschools' from the R MASS package. According to the description in the documentation of the package ( ): "Snijders and Bosker (1999) use as a running example a study of 2287 eighth-grade pupils (aged about 11) in 132 classes in 131 schools in the Netherlands. Source: Snijders, T.A.B. and Bosker, R.J. (1999) 'Multilevel Analysis. An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modelling.' London: Sage." We converted the data to a text file by the following R commands: library('MASS') write.matrix(nlschools,file='/tmp/nlschools.txt') X = the first column ('lang', language test score) Y = the fifth column ('SES', social-economic status of pupil's family) column. We consider SES to be one of the causes of lang, but note that selection bias may be present (via the choice of the classes and schools). Ground truth: Y -> X