Have ever wondered how your favourite leather wallet and bags looks so great and long-lasting? There must be some sort of chemicals used in the process of its making. This article will talk about the list of chemicals used in the tanning process.
Here are some of the chemicals used in the tanning process:
- Water (H 2 O) – Although water is only a supporting material, but the role of water is veryimportant. It works as an intermediate or medium to deliver other chemicals into the skin.
- Salt (NaCl) – It can absorb the liquid contained in the skin, so that moisture and salinity become balanced.Salt makes the bacteria become dry and eventually die, so there are no breeding bacteria that cause the skin to be damaged.
- Sodium Sulfide (Na2S) – Sodium sulfide serves to remove the hair.This can happen because the sulphide compound can break the sulphide bridge from the keratin or feather compounds so that the feathers fall out.
- Chalk (Ca(OH) 2) – Lime function is to store oil or fat in the skin, lime duty can transport the remaining protein in the skin.
- Formic acid and Sodium bisulphate – Formic acid and sodium bisulfate are used in the lime residue removal process that is still present in the skin during the feather removal process.
- Sulfate oil – Fish oil with concentrated sulfuric acid sulfate will produce oil, its usefulness for liquoring or anointment in the process of tanning leather.
- Sulfuric acid – The acidification process is used to stop the activation of the enzymes used in the erosion process.
- Formaldehide (CH2O) – Formaldehyde reactions with amino acids that occur in skin proteins are able to change the properties of proteins so that the skin becomes more durable.
- Cromosal B – Cromosal B is derived from Bayer patent product, cromosal B is used in the process of chrome tanning.
- Compound SB – Compound SB comes from Hadson’s product; its usefulness is to increase the basis of the chrome tanning process.
- Mimosa – Mimosas are derived from herbs and produced by hadson and bayer, their use as an ingredient for vegetable tannins containing tannin active substances. Indeed, that’s all chemicals used in the tanning process.
All the chemicals mentioned are produced at the chemical company in the tanning process, all non-colagenic raw skin parts may react with the tanners. The skin becomes so different from the raw skin in organoleptic, physical, and chemical properties.


Greg Brown was in a journalism class at Point Park University and had the assignment of writing a five-minute newscast and then going into a recording booth to record it on tape.
What followed was his first moment of realization – a moment which now has him in year 22 as the Pittsburgh Pirates play-by-play announcer.
“I got [the assignment] back and on the front page of my script in bold red pen ‘A++ Greg do not pass go, go directly to a job in broadcasting’,” Brown said. “He signed it and I thought that it would be so cool to be an announcer but nobody ever at that level told me that I had what it took. That was the moment where I really thought there was a chance there if I pursued it.”
For Brown, fulfilling his dream first began at a high school where he did some PA announcing. Brown saw commotion at the scorer’s table since the regular public address announcer was out sick and he persuaded them to let him try his hand at the job. Additionally, he had an early job doing morning reports for a neighbor, who was a Harrisburg disc jockey.
Brown’s Pirates career started at the very bottom of the totem pole: the Pirate Parrot. Brown was staying with his brother and was one of 500 to audition to be the infamous mascot. Following a round of interviews, Brown was one of the final 10 up for consideration. That meant Brown had to don the Pirate Parrot costume and perform a dance to the Leo Sayer song “Long Tall Glasses”.
There was a problem. Brown is self-diagnosed as a poor dancer. His brother tried to help him out with a record player, but it was to no avail. For some reason, the record sped up from the 45 rpm format to 78 rpm and Brown did his best to keep up. He compared his movement to a whirling dervish. His brother laughed and declared that to be the routine. Brown performed it and got the same reaction from the judges, but he found out two days later that he did not get the job.
It was not all bad news though, as Brown was asked to intern and stay on as the backup Pirate Parrot. That role continued for a while and grew into roles with the promotions department, becoming a broadcast coordinator and then writing and voicing commercials.
Brown also had a role in football, serving as a color analyst for the Buffalo Bills broadcasts for three seasons. He also hosted the pre and postgame shows and a sports talk show. Brown was on the broadcasts with Bill Polian was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame earlier this year.
“Marv Leavy and Bill Polian got to know me because I was the host of their shows before our radio station had the rights to their games and, unbeknownst to me, they went to the owners of our radio station when they were looking for a color man for Bill’s broadcasts and they suggested me,” said Brown. “I wasn’t even aware of it.”
For 22 years now, Brown has been one of the play-by-play voices of the Pirates, starting off alongside veteran Lanny Frattare before his retirement. Brown now shares his duties with Tim Neverett. His duties start in of spring training, include 162 regular season games and, for the past two seasons, postseason games. He admits that it can be a grind.
“It does help when they’re better and it makes the season go a lot faster,” Brown said. “Clint Hurdle even has said that he’s never heard anyone who, in a pennant race, says it’s the dog days of August.
“There’s a lot of truth to that, because it felt for almost two decades that the dog days came in June for us. It’s a grind and the travel is really tough — not that we don’t have first class amenities. Living out of a suitcase from almost literally February until hopefully this year until the beginning of November, that part can be tiresome. Every game was a new game and there is always a story to talk about.“
In between baseball games, Brown participates in many speaking engagements, giving back to people who are interested in the profession. He gives strong advice to those who are serious.
“My philosophy when I speak to high school or college kids about getting this job is in anything in life you have got to want it badly, more than anything in the world,” said Brown. “I am convinced that there is not enough conviction in that amongst the kids that I’ve spoken to. If you have the drive, desire and the want to, the nobody’s going to stop me attitude which I think is gigantic in anything, then you get there.”
Photo credit: Getty Images


BREAST AUGMENTATION OR ENLARGEMENT / ENHANCEMENT
Breast enlargement treatment, commonly known as Breast augmentation or augmentation mammoplasty helps to change the shape and size of the breast. The operation enlarges the size of the breast permanently and subsequently the breasts do not diminish in size and become small again.
This can also be done to enlarge an under developed breast or a breast that has become small after child birth. The size of the breast can be increased depending on the loose skin of the existing breast.
A silicone gel or saline-filled implant is placed behind the breast tissue and occasionally the breast muscle. A cut about 2" long is made at the lower part of the breast or at the areola (dark skin around the existing nipple) or in the axilla and the implant is introduced through this incision. Dr.Manoj Khanna is renowned as the best 'breast enlargement in India' surgeon for his ability to do breast augmentation with hardly any scar as he usually puts in the implant via a peri-areolar incision.
This surgery is done either under local anesthesia or general anesthesia and you can go home the same day as the operation. Subsequent breast feeding can be done after breast augmentation. Dr.Khanna can also make an attractive cleavage which makes him one of the best breast enlargement doctors in Kolkata or India.
There are no side-effects of breast enlargement surgery. The patient can normally breast feed her child, and there is a significant improvement in conjugal relationship, esp seen in married couples after a few years of marriage. Also there is a big boost to your personal confidence after the procedure. Dr. Khanna is one of the most experienced and best breast doctors in Kolkata and India and has performed more than 750 breast augmentations till date(31/12/2017). The cost of breast enlargement in Kolkata with Dr.Manoj Khanna is very reasonable and economic.
BREAST LIFT OR MASTOPEXY OR BREAST TIGHTENING
Breast sag due to age and pregnancy. In breast lift or mastopexy operation, drooping and sagging breasts are tightened, recontoured and lifted up, giving them a youthful appearance. Also the nipple and the areola are located higher to give a younger and normal look. If necessary, the size of the areola is also reduced at the same time. The scars following surgery usually fade away with time and become barely visible in most patients. There are no side-effects of breast lift surgery, and the personal life and confidence of the patient gets a big boost after the procedure. Breast feeding can be done normally after the mastopexy.
The mastopexy or breast lift operation is done under general or local anesthesia. It takes approximately 2 to 3 hours or more to lift both the breasts. Additionally, a silicone implant can be placed sometimes to enlarge the breast. The patient usually goes home the same day after the operation.
Dr. Khanna has performed more than 500 breast lift surgeries till date(31/12/2017).
Dr.Manoj Khanna is one of the best breast reduction doctor in India, and the most experienced and best breast reduction doctor in Kolkata.
Patients with excessively large pendulous breast benefit by this surgery. In breast reduction surgery or reduction mammoplasty, the size of the breast is reduced by removing excess fat, breast tissue and skin from the lower part of the breast and other areas as required.
The nipple is relocated higher to its normal position and the breast is reshaped and contoured.
This surgery is done under general anesthesia and requires 1 or 2 days hospital stay.
Dr. Khanna is one of the most experienced and best breast reduction surgeons in India and has performed more than 650 cases of breast reduction surgery till date(31/12/2017). He has been invited to lecture and perform live surgery of brest reduction at various meetings in India in Delhi, Lucknow, Agra, Patna, Mumbai and many other places.
CORRECTION OF UNEVEN BREASTS
According to the desire of you and if tissues permit, either the small breast can be made larger, or the larger one can be made smaller. There are times when a combination of surgeries may have to be done, like enlargement of one side and simple lift (Mastopexy) or reduction of the other.
BREAST RECONSTRUCTION ( AFTER MASTECTOMY )
Women who have had their breast removed (one or both ) due to illness
( usually breast cancer ) can have their configuration reconstituted by this procedure. Tissue can be taken from the lower abdomen or back, or implants may be used to form the breast. The nipple and areola can also be reconstructed to let the women regain her natural appearance and confidence.
CORRECTION OF ENLARGED MALE BREASTS OR GYNAECOMASTIA
Dr.Manoj Khanna is the pioneer in India for correcting enlarged male breasts or gynecomastia under local anaesthesia only. This technique where the ptient does not need to go to the hospital and is awake throughout the operation and goes home immediately after the procedure has made Dr.Manoj Khanna the best doctor for correction of enlarged male breast in Kolkata and India.
In some boys during puberty and adolescence, breasts develop to a notable large size. This can cause psychological problems and the boys are embarrassed to take off their clothes in the gym or locker room or in the swimming pool. In some instances, the breasts also can enlarge during adult life. On very rare occasions, this can be associated with hormonal problems also.
The problem of enlarged male breast or gynecomastia or gynecomazia can be corrected permanently by a simple procedure. A cut is made at the edge of the lower half of the areola and the excess male breast tissue is removed. Fat tissue is removed by liposuction at the same time. This procedure is done under local or general anesthesia, and you can go home a few hours after the operation. The operation has no side-effects and many young males are extremely relieved after the correction and feel that they have got a new life.
Dr. Khanna is one of the most experienced and best breast surgeons in India, and is the pioneer of doing male breast reduction under local anaesthesia without any hospitalisation in India. He has done more than 750 gynecomastia operations till date(31/12/2017) at moderate cost.


This patient support community is for discussions relating to urology issues, benign prostate disease, penis curvature, cystisis, pediatric urology, prostate, sexual dysfunction and urological cancers.
Urinalysis (urine FEME) is performed to test for infections and other abnormal chemicals and metabolites in urine.
Urine sample is collected in a sterile sample container provided by the laboratory. The required sample is supposed to be a clean catch, mid-stream urine sample.
This means that the urine should not be collected in any other container and then transferred to the sample container, that the initial 20-50 ml of urine should be voided before you start collecting, and you should ensure that the sample is not contaminated by other chemicals or substances.
There are special containers that are designed for collection of fecal sample. The method for collecting the sample depends on the container you have been provided.
If no such container has been provided, ensure that the sample is collected in tissue paper and transferred to a sterile container similar to that provided for urine sample collection.
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Kosher Salt - 1.36kg (3 lb)
Diamond Crystal Kosher Salt - a very popular salt in the US which is widely recommended by chefs and food writers there. This pure flaked kosher salt has a famously unique texture which makes it stick well to food.
Diamond Crystal Kosher Salt is perfect for seasoning food and for curing meat.
Genuine American import.
Product of the USA
Write an online review and share your thoughts with other shoppers!


Obey The Brave To Play New England Metal And Hardcore Festival 2012
Band Photo: Killswitch Engage (?)
Canadian metal/hardcore band Obey The Brave will make its U.S. debut at the 14th Annual New England Metal and Hardcore Festival on Friday, April 20th.
The new band features former members of Century Media recording artists Despised Icon and Mediaskare's Blind Witness.
"Some of my favorite touring memories took place at the Palladium," said vocalist Alex Erian. "So stoked to be back and can't wait to play Obey The Braves' first US show ever at the NEMHF. Shit's about to get real, fellas."
Obey The Brave is managed by Good Fight Entertainment and is now working on its debut album for a label to be announced.
The 14th Annual New England Metal and Hardcore Festival will take place Friday, April 20 through Sunday, April 22 at the Palladium in Worcester, Mass.
The complete lineup for Friday includes The Black Dahlia Murder, The Acacia Strain, Oceano (final show), All Shall Perish, Nile, Skeletonwitch, Carnifex, Death Threat, Lionheart, First Blood, Fleshgod Apocalypse, Molotov Solution, The Contortionist, Conducting From The Grave, Gaza, Reign Supreme, Fit For An Autopsy, CDC, This Is Hell, Incendiary, Palehorse, Obey The Brave, FocusedXMinds, Legion, Hour of Penance, Rude Awakening, and Longshot.
Saturday's lineup is All That Remains, DragonForce, Overkill, Protest the Hero, Unearth, Iwrestledabearonce, Periphery, Bane, 100 Demons, Cruel Hand, Holy Grail, Shipwreck, God Forbid, Structures, The Mongoloids, Naysayer, Rotting Out, Elitist, Expire, The Greenery, Cockpunch, Hung, Revenge, Diamond Plate, Wrong Answer, Manners, Suidakra, and Trumpet The Harlot.
Sunday will close out the weekend with Killswitch Engage, Every Time I Die, Vanna, For Today, Sleeping Giant, Chelsea Grin, Stick to Your Guns, Attila, MyChildren MyBride, For the Fallen Dreams, On Broken Wings, Recon, Texas In July, In the Midst of Lions, Upon a Burning Body, Like Moths To Flames, Volumes, Hundreth, No Bragging Rights, Glass Cloud, Counterparts, Gideon, The Air I Breathe, and Fire in the Skies.
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Otto Von Schirach, Tokimonsta, and Eprom at Trinumeral Festival's First Night
The Trinumeral Festival
With Otto Von Schirach, Tokimonsta, Eprom, Panic Bomber, and More
Friday, October 8, 2010
7th Circuit Studio
Better Than: The actual day when the digits align in auspicious numeric sameness?
When we arrived Panic Bomber was on the stage, dressed in the tightest black leather pants and silver cardigan set. Under blacklight, the man who used to hide behind a top-secret power suit was
now strutting his stuff out in the open, singing catchy electro Dade-wave tunes.
Suddenly, Señor Bomber lashed out against his new Korg controller and threw it into the audience. "Never buy one of these. They look convenient, but they
Out on the back patio sat a refurbished school bus that had been converted into a party lounge, complete with velvety couches and stripper poles. Sources tell us that this bus hauls people to Burning Man every year. There was also a giant wooden mushroom.
A pair of ladies with torches started performing a synchronized pyrotechnic dance. People were awed by the spinning fire as Okulus Anomali spun some Pink Floyd dubstep. And those who weren't loving the fire dance were freaking out, dude.
Meanwhile, Otto Von Schirach's right hand man, Mr. Feathers, crept out onto the patio and started luring people inside for the show. Otto was speaking in a mix of English, Spanish, and backwards babble as the crowd gathered. And just when it got tense enough, he dropped the beat and screamed out, "Flamingo-go-go-go-go-go-go-go!"
The visuals supplied by the TM Sisters were in perfect synch with the music, both rhythmically and thematically. A few of the thousand images on screen: flamingos, fried eggs smiling as they traveled through ear canals, triangles, aliens, alligator shamans, and scenes from a sword-fight-slash-dance-party.
Otto's gang was extra powerful last night. He was rolling seven deep, and the chaos he and his crew were brewing seemed like it was going to result in a riot. However, the scene remained pretty calm off stage. Aside from two little girls in glowing body paint, there was no real reason to get too worried about anyone's personal safety. Well, that was the case until a 20-foot inflatable sledgehammer, manned by Otto's prop-master Alligator Jesus, started pounding the crowd during Otto's new track "Alligator Disco."
Back on the patio, there were girls dressed like soccer players peddling balloons. People played the flute, and a group were huddled underneath the cap of that giant wooden mushroom. Seriously, the outside was a mind-melting place.
When Tokimonsta got onstage, most people stayed outside. She played an interesting batch of electronic music that she manipulated and mixed live. Tokimonsta didn't really give much of a performance; she just stood there working behind her laptop and mixer.
Perhaps, her show is about the music, not the performance. The crowd grew a bit as her set continued. She threw in some dancehall reggae, some Jimi Hendrix, and asked us, "Do you like bass? This is Miami, you're supposed to like bass."
The bass did drop, pretty damn hard, too. The sound in this place was incredible, the low end was deep enough to give goosebumps, but didn't make you want to shit your pants by accident. The highs were crisp and clear, and the mid-range was sharp like a laser.
EPROM came on around 2 a.m., and by this point everyone was either in the backyard on the party bus, or over at Bar to see Diplo. It's too bad, he did some pretty cool stuff up there. He was working that sampler with speed and ferocity. He was immersed in the music, completely unfazed by the dwindling crowd. A true pro, he played his set with enthusiasm and precision, it was totally worth it for those who stuck around.
Personal Bias: I know Otto's always going use his juice to give us an intense show. It's a tough act to follow.
The Crowd: Ravers, hippies, hippie ravers, little kids, grandmas, and people just like you and me.
Overheard in the Crowd: "Birdhouses are not for eating!"
Otto Von Schirach's Set List:
-"Fried Eggs In My Ear"
-"Blanco Rojo Negro"
-"Sub-Atomic Disco Divas"
-"Dance Like A Ho"
-"The King Of Drop"
-"End of The World"
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Let's face it: any party___be it a simple children's birthday celebration or an extravagant wedding party___wouldn't be complete without a lovely cake, the most popular dessert of choice for festivities. Over the years, pastry chefs and bakers have creatively improved cakes in order to match them with a certain event theme, or make them unique in their own way. However, the beauty of these cakes don't always just rely on how they are designed, but also on how they are displayed, which is why one should also take into consideration the kind of cake stands that should be used with certain cakes or events.
These different cake stands can actually be used for any type of event when decorated accordingly, but you need to take three things into consideration: 1) the kind of event you're planning, 2) the kind of cake you're having for the event, and; 3) the 'look' you wish to achieve with your display. Once you figure these out, you will then get a clearer picture of what cake stand you need, and what you can do with it to achieve the look you are aiming for.


Colors Related to this Name: White, Gray
Qualities Related to this Name: Extroverted, Adventurous
Popularity: This is an semi-popular name in the US. Ranking #2458 in 2013 and #2452 in 2014.
Origin: Calum is the Scottish form of Columba, late Latin "dove", the name of a sixth century Scottish saint, one of the patron saints of Scotland.
-( male name -comes from the Scottish Gaelic language-).


Gordon Hinckley, the Priest, Prophet, and Revelator of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints, died yesterday at 97. He had been the top Mormon for 13 years. This is very long reign for a Mormon Prophet, since they usually succeed to the job after decades working up the hierarchy. Hinckley's likely successor, for example, is 80.
I see Hinckley as the Mormon John Paul II because, like the late, great Pope, he served a long time, traveled extensively rallying the faithful, and was aggressive but positive about his faith. Moreover, Hinckley oversaw the shift of the Mormon majority from the Utah and the USA to the global south -- a miniature version of the massive shift of Catholic strength from north to south since John Paul's election in 1978. 1978 was also a big year for the Mormons: that was when the top leaders had their "pentecost moment" and received a new revelation to open the priesthood (full church status for Mormon men) to black people. Hinckley took that revelation and ran with it. In his term as Prophet, almost two decades later, Hinckley oversaw a slew of new LDS temples in Africa and Latin America.
Mormon growth, like Christian growth in most denominations, is greatest south of the equator. Hinckley's successor will be an old white man from Utah, and probably the couple of successors after that. Someday, though, not to long from now, the Mormon Prophet will be a darker-skinned man from far away.


Aug 8, 2011, 9:30 AM EDT
Placido Polanco has played through several injuries this season with limited success, following up an excellent April by hitting just .223 with a .544 OPS in 63 games since.
And now he’s headed back to Philadelphia to undergo an MRI exam on his sore left hip, which Polanco revealed yesterday had been bothering him for about a month before finally causing him to leave Saturday’s game in the eighth inning.
General manager Ruben Amaro Jr. made it clear that Polanco did not suffer the hip injury from Eli Whiteside‘s quasi-tackle during the bench-clearing scuffle with the Giants, telling Jim Salisbury of CSNPhilly.com: “Absolutely not. He said he’s had it for some time, but we were not made aware of it until now.”
Playing through pain is usually seen as a positive thing in the world of sports, often leading to praise being heaped on the injured players, but when their performance suffers while remaining in the lineup and/or keeping an injury secret that often gets brushed under the rug. Polanco has been a terrible hitter for going on four months now, so while noble his efforts to play through and even conceal injuries haven’t done the Phillies much good and could have him at less than full strength for the playoffs.
- Adrian Beltre needs just five innings for the third cycle of his career 0
- Mets blow out Marlins, move past Nationals for first place in NL East 6
- Yordano Ventura calls Jose Bautista a “nobody” and accuses him of stealing signs 71
- And That Happened: Sunday’s scores and highlights 85
- The benches cleared in Toronto, too 79
- The Reds’ and Pirates’ benches cleared after Brandon Phillips was hit with a pitch 65
- Reminder: even though the trade deadline has passed, trades can still happen 13
- Settling the Scores: Saturday’s results 36
- The benches cleared in Friday’s Giants-Rangers game (205)
- Blue Jays acquire David Price from the Tigers (113)
- Rangers land ace left-hander Cole Hamels from Phillies (106)
- Royals make another big move, get Ben Zobrist from A’s (95)
- Report: Rockies trade Troy Tulowitzki to Blue Jays for Jose Reyes and prospects (92)


Medicaid expansion protects us all from rate hikes and could prevent the death or bankruptcy of up to 670,000 Michiganders
In the fight to put a public option of the Affordable Care Act, many missed that the law contained a historic boost to Medicaid, our single-payer health insurance program that covers the poorest and most vulnerable Americans. Obamacare was set to cover 17 million additional Americans, as many as 670,000 in Michigan, who earn up to 133% of poverty level. Until 2020 the federal government pays for 100% of this expansion using tax increases on the richest 2% to fund it. After 2020, states will have to kick in a mere 10%. Unfortunately, when the Supreme Court ruled that ObamaCare was legal, it also gave states the right to opt out of the program. So far nearly a dozen states with Republican governors have turned down this coverage.
That’s right: Medicaid expansion is the best thing to happen to America since Medicare. It saves all Americans by extending public health insurance to Americans who work hard enough to get just above poverty paid for by taxing the richest 2% yet Republican governors are turning it down just because they can.
Turning down Medicaid expansion hurts everyone.
The poorest Americans are already covered by Medicaid. This program helps those who are already working hard in some of the hardest jobs in America — janitorial, child care, construction — afford health insurance. And when they’re covered, insurance companies and hospitals can’t pass the costs on to the insured. In Michigan this can save those who purchase private insurance up to $985 million in the next 10 years.
And of course, expanding our health care system creates new good jobs, improving our economy when we need it most. Analysts predict as much as $30 billion dollars will flood into our economy if Governor Snyder just says “YES.”
Michigan needs Medicaid expansion and we voted for it in November when we reelected President Obama.
Here’s a look at which states are hurting their citizens by turning down the best thing to happen to America since Medicare.
[Photo by Anne Savage]


Today’s IT organizations are often faced with the challenges of offering services that are easy to consume, that scale up or down with business needs, and that evolve quickly as the organization evolves. A modern IT infrastructure that easily integrates with existing enterprise infrastructure enables the flexibility to do that.
NetApp has tested NetApp® SolidFire® and AltaVault™ cloud-integrated storage, to provide a highly flexible and scalable solution. Organizations can benefit from the scale-out capacity and predictable performance features of SolidFire, and the open infrastructure and cloud economics of AltaVault.
The NetApp Solution
The tested solution includes SolidFire and AltaVault, with Veritas NetBackup as the enterprise backup application, and with NetApp StorageGRID Webscale as the private cloud solution.
The SolidFire all-flash cluster provided iSCSI LUNs to Windows 2008 R2 Servers. By using NetBackup as the backup software, NetApp was able to leverage the AltaVault OpenStorage (OST) integration. AltaVault was then configured to replicate data to StorageGRID Webscale.
For an in-depth look at the AltaVault and SolidFire solution, read the following technical report, “SolidFire and AltaVault Back Up SolidFire Storage to the Cloud by Using AltaVault.”


The context data model combines features of all the above models. It can be considered as a collection of object-oriented, network and semistructured models or as some kind of object database. In other words this is a flexible model, you can use any type of database structure depending on task. Such data model has been implemented in DBMS ConteXt.
The fundamental unit of information storage of ConteXt is a CLASS. Class contains METHODS and describes OBJECT. The Object contains FIELDS and PROPERTY. The field may be composite, in this case the field contains SubFields etc. The property is a set of fields that belongs to particular Object. (similar to AVL database). In other words, fields are permanent part of Object but Property is its variable part.
The header of Class contains the definition of the internal structure of the Object, which includes the description of each field, such as their type, length, attributes and name. Context data model has a set of predefined types as well as user defined types. The predefined types include not only character strings, texts and digits but also pointers (references) and aggregate types (structures).
Types of Fields
A context model comprises three main data types: REGULAR, VIRTUAL and REFERENCE. A regular (local) field can be ATOMIC or COMPOSITE. The atomic field has no inner structure. In contrast, a composite field may have a complex structure, and its type is described in the header of Class. The composite fields are divided into STATIC and DYNAMIC. The type of a static composite field is stored in the header and is permanent. Description of the type of a dynamic composite field is stored within the Object and can vary from Object to Object.
Like a NETWORK database, apart from the fields containing the information directly, context database has fields storing a place where this information can be found, i.e. POINTER (link, reference) which can point to an Object in this or another Class. Because main addressed unit of context database is an Object, the pointer is made to Object instead of a field of this Object. The pointers are divided on STATIC and DYNAMIC. All pointers that belong to a particular static pointer type point to the same Class (albeit, possibly, to different Object). In this case, the Class name is an integral part of the that pointer type. A dynamic pointer type describes pointers that may refer to different Classes. The Class, which may be linked through a pointer, can reside on the same or any other computer on the local area network. There is no hierarchy between Classes and the pointer can link to any Class, including its own.
In contrast to pure object-oriented databases, context databases is not so coupled to the programming language and doesn't support methods directly. Instead, method invocation is partially supported through the concept of VIRTUAL fields.
A VIRTUAL field is like a regular field: it can be read or written into. However, this field is not physically stored in the database, and in it does not have a type described in the scheme. A read operation on a virtual field is intercepted by the DBMS, which invokes a method associated with the field and the result produced by that method is returned. If no method is defined for the virtual field, the field will be blank. The METHODS is a subroutine written in C++ by an application programmer. Similarly, a write operation on a virtual field invokes an appropriate method, which can changes the value of the field. The current value of virtual fields is maintained by a run-time process; it is not preserved between sessions. In object-oriented terms, virtual fields represent just two public methods: reading and writing. Experience shows, however, that this is often enough in practical applications. From the DBMS point of view, virtual fields provide transparent interface to such methods via an aplication written by application programer.
A context database that does not have composite or pointer fields and property is essentially RELATIONAL. With static composite and pointer fields, context database become OBJECT-ORIENTED. If the context database has only Property in this case it is an ENTITY-ATTRIBUTE-VALUE database. With dynamic composite fields, a context database becomes what is now known as a SEMISTRUCTURED database. If the database has all available types... in this case it is ConteXt database!
Ruchika Mandore [ MCA ]
On Line Assistence :
Gtalk : email@example.com
Y! Messenger : firstname.lastname@example.org
Rediff Bol : ruchika.aerosoft@rediffmail.


The iPick touch screen styles is a phone accessory designed after a guitar pick with 36 unique designs. The iPick can be plugged into your headphone socket and keep your screen clean and scratch free while typing and drawing.
Styluses are not only functional smartphone accessories, but also make using touch screens more comfortable. Luckily, companies like this are catching onto making these kind of add-ons more attractive and creative. Perfect for guitar lovers or those who just want to keep their smartphone smudge-free, the iPick is a cleverly designed product.
The iPick can not be purchased yet, and the only way to put your hands on one of these little cool gadgets is by supporting the creator Kickstarter project.
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To really feel secure about protecting your assets and your future that you've worked so hard for, you may need the extra level of protection provided through our specialized personal umbrella liability insurance programs.
At Prime Star Insurance Services, our umbrella policies provide additional layers of liability protection. In the event your liability limits are exhausted on your home, auto, or other underlying insurance policies, your umbrella insurance policy would take over and provide you with additional protection. The cost is very minimal compared to the comfort of knowing you're covered.
Imagine if your dog were to bite a neighbor's child. Or if there's an accident on your rental property. Or a fire in your condo spreads to other units. What would happen if you or a family member missed a stop sign and struck and killed a pedestrian? If any of situations happened to you, there's a good chance your current liability limits wouldn't be adequate to protect your assets -- or your future earnings.
A lot of factors determine the amount of coverage you need. Your financial status, lifestyle, and existing coverage are all relevant, but in liability lawsuits, judgements can exceed net worth.
To qualify for an umbrella insurance policy, you must carry insurance on either your home, condominium, or renters with specified liability limits. Your home, renters, or condominium policy must also include certain limits of liability coverage. The same applies if you own an RV, boat, or personal watercraft. Other conditions may apply.
Once the liability limits are exhausted on your home, auto, or other policies, your umbrella insurance takes over and provides a second layer of protection of at least $1,000,000. Higher limits of umbrella insurance are also available.
Considering the extra security and protection it provides, personal umbrella insurance is surprisingly reasonable. The average cost is just pennies a day.
At Prime Star Insurance Services, our highly dedicated and knowledgeable Agent's are standing by to help you find the best combination of coverages available to you in the market so that you can feel secure that you're protected against any lawsuits that you may possibly encounter. If you would like an analysis of your current Umbrella Insurance Policy/Coverages, Prime Star Insurance Services is there to help. Contact us today for your free consultation.


(PRWEB) July 28, 2005
LOS ANGELES (PRWEB) July 28, 2005 Â On August 2 at 6:30 p.m., popular UCLA Screenwriting instructor Hal Ackerman will join forces with The Learning Annex to teach a new writing class entitled "The Art and Business of Screenwriting."
Quotes Ackerman in the course description, "You write a script. On one hand, it's a work of art written with pain and joy. On the other hand, it's a business plan. Often these two hands can strangle both you and your screenplay!"
Students will learn the art of "becoming a living writer" by "turning your passion into a sellable product." The class will teach writers to master winning structural elements and compelling, realistic dialogue via the 3 S's: Scene Cards, the Scene-o-Gram, and Snow-Plowing, all of which are defined in his book, "Write Screenplays that Sell: The Ackerman Way."
Hal Ackerman has taught in the UCLA graduate screenwriting program since 1985. He has mentored Sacha Gervasi (The Terminal), Scott Kosar (The Amityville Horror, The Machinist, Texas Chainsaw Massacre), Allison Anders (Mi Vida Loca, Gas Food Lodging), Nicolas Griffin (Matchstick Men) and many others. Many screenplays written in his class have become feature films and have won major screenwriting awards.
His book, "Write Screenplays That Sell: The Ackerman Way" (Tallfellow Press, ISBN # 1-931290-52-0), combines the basic rules of storytelling and structure with "adrenaline exercises" designed to act as a ÂwritersÂ gym.Â It has been adopted as a new classic text book by university film studies departments around the country and has been called ÂexceptionalÂ by Scr(i)pt Magazine.
For additional information about the book or its author, contact Claudia Sloan at Tallfellow Press, (310) 203-3837. For info on attending the class, contact The Learning Annex at (310) 478-6677 or learningannex.com.
Tallfellow Press is an eclectic publisher located in Los Angeles. Its predecessor, Price Stern Sloan, is best known for publishing the popular word game ÂMad Libs,Â the ever-true ÂMurphyÂs LawÂ and the melodious ÂWee SingÂ Series.
(310) 203-3893 fax


Dr Paramesh Banerjee Elected President of Asian Seismological Commission
- EOS News
“I feel privileged. It’s a big honour and also a big responsibility,” said Dr Paramesh Banerjee, regarding his recent appointment as President of the Asian Seismological Commission (ASC).
ASC is an organisation that aims to promote scientific cooperation and exchange among Asian countries in order to strengthen disaster research and mitigation efforts.
Dr Banerjee, Technical Director at the Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS), was elected President of ASC on 01 August 2017.
Dr Banerjee explained how disaster research cannot be confined to national boundaries. For this reason, he feels it is crucial to bring the policymakers of Asian countries together so that data and other resources can be shared for more successful disaster mitigation.
During his time as president, Dr Banerjee hopes to achieve two goals. Firstly, he hopes to set up a common facility for seismological data, where data from all Asian countries can be stored and freely accessed by scientists throughout the region.
Secondly, he hopes to develop a programme to analyse the existing earthquake hazard for each major Asian city.
In order to achieve his goals, Dr Banerjee plans to set up three different advisory bodies to support his work as President of ASC. The scientific advisory board will comprise leading scientists whose work focuses on seismology in Asia.
The policy advisory board will comprise top-level decision makers and policy experts, who can assist the president in creating a common facility for cross-national data sharing.
The technical committee will be able to be deployed whenever there is a major earthquake disaster in Asia, to offer expertise and advice to affected communities.
Dr Banerjee also spoke of the advantages of working from Singapore, explaining that his work at EOS enabled him to gain a wealth of experience in working with different countries, setting up networks, and liaising between different governmental agencies.
“It is the responsibility of the scientific community to educate governments and encourage them to begin sharing fundamental seismological data for a safer Asia for everyone.”


GRAND RAPIDS - CBS Outdoor says it will run the pro gay message "...With Liberty and Justice for ___" by the group Until Love Is Equal on one of its Grand Rapids billboards. This represents a reversal by the national media company a short time after its local office reportedly denied the billboard request.
“They have come out and offered us really prime places in the city at a very excellent rate,” said Michael Tuffelmire, co-leader of the group Until Love is Equal, created in response to Holland City Council's recent narrow vote against expanding the city's anti-discrimination ordinance to include sexual orientation.
He said the billboard offer was an about-face from the company's initial refusal to display the group's message and website address.
Yet CBS Outdoor contends the company didn't deny the request last month for a billboard at the lower Public Service Announcement rate.
“We didn't turn it down,” said Jodi Senese, executive vice president of marketing for the New York City-based CBS Outdoor, part of the same company that runs the network station.
Within an hour of Senese's call to the Press on Monday afternoon, Tuffelmire says he was contacted by the Grand Rapids office of CBS Outdoor which suggested there had been a misunderstanding.
Until Love Is Equal approached CBS Outdoor instead of other billboard companies because its rates were affordable for the non-profit group.
“We were shocked in the beginning when they turned us down,” said Tuffelmire, who had worked with CBS Outdoor on behalf of other non-profit groups. “We want to get our voice out on some kind of marketing material. We are so glad that CBS (now) wants to work with us.”
Tuffelmire said he was initially told by his contact at the CBS Outdoor office in Grand Rapids the company was worried the group's message might upset some of their other clients.
“I don't think CBS Outdoor are malicious and don't like gay people,” said Tuffelmire. “I think they are being cautious and are worried it will rub people the wrong way.”
But that may not have been a strong enough reason to reject the ad, says Jay Kaplan, staff attorney for the ACLU of Michigan's Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Project.
“It's our understanding that CBS has other billboards in other parts of the country have had messages that might be considered political. So to turn this down might raise some concerns,” Kaplan said. “We are glad to hear that love and equality are not being banned from billboards.”
There was also some concern whether the company's denial violated Grand Rapids' anti-discrimination ordinance which extends to sexual orientation.
“It seemed like we were refused because of what we represent,” said Erin Wilson, co-leader of Until Love Is Equal. “There's a kind of a question whether there is a case of discrimination."
In August, an atheist group said GR Outdoor Inc. refused to rent space on one of its billboards to advertise the message "You Don't Need God."
The Center for Inquiry responded by turning to the company's competitor, Lamar Advertising Co, which sold the group space on a billboard along U.S. 131.
It's not unusual for billboard companies to consider local reaction when deciding to accept ads for billboards, said Jeannnine Dodson, general manager of Adams Outdoor Advertising in West Michigan, which has 1,200 billboard faces from the state line to Reed City.
Adams heard some complaints about a billboard along US 31 north of Holland advertising a medical marijuana dispensary in Saugatuck. But that wasn't a difficult decision for the company because it was an ad for a then legal business, Dodson said.
“It's a balancing act,” said Dodson. “We want to protect freedom of speech and we have to consider our responsibility to the community we are doing business in.”
The company has to consider whether an ad is adversarial or provocative, she added.
“We take all those things into consideration,” said Dodson. “As a privately held company, we have the ability to do that.”
Buying billboard space in the Holland area wasn't an option because the billboards along the highway are too expensive and the ones in the city are booked into 2012, the group said.
Tuffelmire thinks a Grand Rapids billboard will still be seen by people who live or work in Holland.
The billboard's cost will be paid by donations from the group's members, including some Grand Rapids businesses, he said.


Wow. This has definitely been a very long year, probably the longest year of my life. So many things happened that I don’t even know where to begin or how to explain. Usually I feel sort of sorry when a year ends, but this time, this time I just want 2016 to be over.
You probably don’t want to hear about the sad stuff more than I want to remember or talk about it and for that reason I will focus on the happy parts (mostly).
Quite a few of my 2016 goals were somehow related to blogging. Since I started university I have been quite bad at posting regular updates, but this year I made more of an effort – whether that was visible to you or not, I do not know, but I did. Luckily, I managed to accomplish most of my blogging goals, at least in some way or another. I might have not reached the desired number of followers on every social media platform, but I did get more followers than expected on Instagram and on Pinterest. I am incredibly happy about those as they are my favourite social media platforms, but also the ones I had the most trouble improving.As for my reading goals, they are not even worth bringing up anymore, long gone are the days when I managed to read more than 100 books per year.
Personal goals (sort of)
Furthermore, I wanted to attend 5 events and really get out of my comfort zone. This is something I managed to do, even though it seemed really daunting 12 months ago. Social situations make me feel quite uncomfortable, especially when I am surrounded by complete strangers, however I learnt that bloggers are truly a friendly and not judging bunch and they are incredibly welcoming. I doubt that without many of the people on the blogosphere I would have reached this goal of mine, so thank you! Not all of the events I attended were related to blogging, but many of them were and I am not ashamed to admit it.
As for the other parts of my life, it took me four years, but I am finally certain that I did not make a mistake when choosing my university. I might have really disliked part of my degree, but I love business school. I learnt so much these past couple of months and I feel that the whole experience was transformational (in a good way). Also, it took me almost four years to find people who truly share my interests and who did not judge me for my geekiness nor my love for literature. It was nice for a change. Funny how life works! These are people I was initially forced to work with, but also some of the most amazing people I met during my time at university.
Overall, I might have not reached every single one of my 2016 goals, but I am glad that I am still here and that you are still here reading this. Your continuous support means the world to me, so I want to thank all of you for being here and for reading this. I hope we will ‘see’ each other again and in good health on the other side. Make sure to pop by as I have a big surprise for you (truly hope it will work as planned and as such I would fulfil my first goal for 2017).


Articles by Sean O'Connor
A gluttonous consumer of culture and an editor for PS3 Attitude. When I'm not getting overly excited about my gaming destiny, I tend to be playing guitar, reading a book, following football or watching a film. www.twitter.com/sean_o_c
Match of the Day pundit Mark Lawrenson has been dropped by Konami for PES 2011 to be replaced by ITV pundit Jim Beglin. This will be music to the ears of the many PES fans who accuse the former Liverpool and Republic of Ireland defender of putting in wooden and half-hearted performances while commentating in the game.
This month, we’ve been skinning everything in sight in Red Dead Redemption, demonstrating our construction skills in ModNation Racer and making our boards do the work in Skate 3. But as much as we enjoyed these titles, our thoughts kept drifting to the future as we got excited about news of sequels to massive PlayStation exclusives. Here’s the rundown of May’s highlights…
Sony has set a release date for the first batch of updates to convert existing games into stereoscopic 3D. On June 10, updates for Wipeout HD, Star Super Stardust HD and Mr. Pain will be available on the PSN.
The great news is that updates for Wipeout HD and Super Stardust HD will be absolutely free, the bad news is that you will have to pay ¥300 (£2.26/$3.28 if converted accurately) to play Mr. Pain in 3D.
We thought our anticipation for the release of Monkey Island 2 Special Edition: LeChuck’s Revenge couldn’t get any higher, but that was before LucasArts released this web-doc video which details everything you need to know about the process of remaking this classic title. It’s fanboy-tastic, and after watching it, we can feel our love of adventure games starting to rekindle after all those years of neglect.
Arriving late at a party can be a daunting experience; already, everyone will be overly familiar with each other, they’ll certainly be drunker, and the conversations will usually revolve around some crazy incident you’ve missed. There’s only one thing to do; throw yourself in the mix, drink quickly and hopefully figure out what the hell everyone is on about.
Thankfully, arriving late to the PS3 party isn’t quite so much of a struggle, thanks to the platinum (read: greatest hits) range. This selection of classics separates the wheat from the chaff, making it easier for you to know what is essential. What’s better, they’re dirt cheap, so you’ve got no excuse not go on a massive gaming binge.
While our American readers can enjoy quality programming such True Blood, Entourage and Flight of the Conchords – thanks to a new partnership between Sony and the premium cable-television network, HBO – us here in PAL territories won’t be so fortunate.
We contacted SCEE to ask if there was any chance that we would be getting similar treatment, either by bringing the HBO deal over the North Atlantic Ocean or through a similar deal with another provider. Sadly the answer was a confident no.
When it comes to gaming, the bigger the screen the better. So if you have been waiting for that right moment to invest in a new LCD television then Argos might have a deal that suits you.
The Sony KDL-55EX503, 55″ model, currently has £150 off, and with another voucher supplied by us (see the end of this post), you can save a further £200. This means you can pick up this spectacular television for just £1149.99, that’s £350 less than its usual price at £1444.99. With those savings you could buy a second PS3 and still have some money to spare.
Griff Parry, director of Sky OnDemand, has revealed that talks are ongoing to bring Sky Player, which is currently available on the Xbox 360, to other mainstream consoles. The obvious conclusion here would be that they are speaking to Sony and Nintendo with a view to bringing Sky Player to the PlayStation 3 and Wii. We would like to think so at least.
As of today, premium programming from HBO will be available on the American PlayStation Network for you to purchase and play on your PS3 and PSP systems.
The partnership with HBO will see hit series such as True Blood, The Wire, Entourage and the The Sopranos become available to PlayStation users. The PlayStation is the first console to offer content from HBO. Nice.
Knights Contract is a new IP from Namco Bandai Games America, it’s a stylised third-person adventure game which sees a witch and an executioner team up to rid the world of supernatural enemies who are spreading a black spell of death.
The last 24hrs has seen the internet become awash with Killzone 3 news after scans made it online from the upcoming GamesPro issue which featured exclusive details.
It’s no secret that there will be a Killzone 3 coming at some point – SCEA boss Jack Tretton said so himself – but we’re now starting find out more information, and we’re getting very excited indeed.
Joris de Man, Killzone 2’s composer, left the Grosvenor House in London yesterday with an award for the “best original video game score” at the 55th Ivor Novello awards. It’s the first time the prestigious award ceremony has celebrated the video games industry. Does this mean games are now part of the establishment?
Modern Warfare 2’s Stimulus Package contains five new multi-player maps, two of which have been reused from the first Modern Warfare, and it’s retailing at a pricey £10.99. This surely falls into the “I want, but not at that price” category. Right? We maybe not…
Eurogamer have managed to find out more news from Sony for the MUBI film streaming service which was announced earlier today. Sony representatives revealed to the gaming site – probably while being tortured – that MUBI will be coming in Autumn and that a subscription package will be available to users.
505 Games and NaturalMotion have today released another “training camp” video for their upcoming American Football game, Backbreaker. The video shows off Backbreaker’s simplified passing mechanics which maps movement to the left analogue stick and the passing mechanics to the right.
Screenshots have emerged for the Call of Duty game that never was. The cancelled WWII title would have been called the ‘Devil’s Brigade’ and was set to appear on the PS3 and Xbox 360.
Backbreaker is the upcoming high-impact American Football title from NatualMotion which they claim will outrun, out-hit and flat-out dominate the games of the past. It uses the studio’s euphoria motion synthesis engine, which the developer believes will consign to the past the repetitive, canned animations that are present in other sports titles.
We have never doubted Final Fantasy XIII’s credentials as an RPG, it’s never crossed our minds to do so. After all, the series it belongs to is widely regarded as one of the most influential in RPG history. But when you put Final Fantasy XIII under intense scrutiny, does it live up to its classification? Daniel Erickson, Writing Director of BioWare, has been telling Strategy Informer that it doesn’t.
Ignition Entertainment have today announced that Crytek’s much trumpeted CryENGINE 3 will be powering the “flagship game” for its London-based studio. The mystery title is “a uniquely crafted combat action-adventure” and it will be available on both PS3 and Xbox 360.


posted June 1, 2004
Silicate Stardust in Meteorites
Written by G. Jeffrey Taylor
As we reported previously [see PSRD article A New Type of Stardust], Scott Messenger and colleagues have found silicates in IDPs. Now, researchers report finding presolar silicate grains in primitive chondritic meteorites. Ann Nguyen and Ernst Zinner (Washington University in St. Louis) and Kazuhide Nagashima and Hisayoshi Yurimoto (Tokyo Institute of Technology), with Alexander Krot (University of Hawai`i) used advanced instrumentation to image the isotopic compositions of small regions of the Acfer 094 carbonaceous chondrite and found several silicate grains with isotopically anomalous oxygen isotopes, a clear indicator of presolar origin. Nagashima and his colleagues also investigated the primitive CR2 carbonaceous chondrite Northwest Africa 530, finding presolar grains in it as well. The grains will shed (star)light on the histories of the stars in which they formed. The relative abundances of presolar silicates in different types of meteorites will help cosmochemists understand the processes of heating and chemical reaction that took place in the cloud of gas and dust in which the Sun and planets formed. The significance of this work is discussed in a lucid editorial by Sara Russell (Natural History Museum, London.)
Telescopic observations of the disks around young stars and materials surrounding other stars indicate an abundance of both amorphous and crystalline silicates dust grains. Crystalline versions are magnesium-rich olivine and pyroxene. This is not particularly surprising. The Earth and other inner planets are composed mostly of silicates. Meteorites and the asteroids they come from are mostly silicates. The tiny grains composing interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) are mostly silicates. Comets have been called dirty snowballs--the dirt is silicate. Silicates abound.
Photograph taken by the Hubble Space Telescope of a swirling disk of gas and dust surrounding the young star AB Aurigae. The black bars are part of the coronographic system used by Hubble. Spectroscopic observations show that silicate compounds are abundant in disks like this one. (High resolution version will open in a new window.)
If silicates are so common, why have all the presolar grains we find in meteorites been oxides, carbides, nitrides, and carbon compounds? One explanation is that until recently presolar grains were found by using strong acids to dissolve 99.9% of the meteorite, leaving a residue of acid-resistant grains. Silicates are not resistant to acids, so were lost during the process. Another reason is that silicates are abundant, but presolar silicates make up only a tiny fraction of all the silicates. In contrast, all silicon carbide grains are presolar. It would be better to simply measure the isotopic compositions of tiny grains in meteorites and IDPs until we found silicates with anomalous isotopic compositions, or concluded that there are none. But this would require measuring thousands of grains, many only a micrometer or less across, an impossible task--until technological advances made the search possible.
The ideal way to find small presolar survivors of solar system formation is to be able to image a sample using a special light that causes presolar grains to light up, as if they were using microscopic flares to help us locate them. That is more or less what advances in instrumentation allow us to do. Ann Nguyen and Ernst Zinner used the latest type of ion microprobe, the NanoSIMS at Washington University in St. Louis. SIMS stands for secondary ion mass spectrometry, and the "Nano" refers to the tiny size of the ion beam used to sputter atoms from a sample. The beam size can be as small as 30 nanometers in diameter, so the abundances of isotopes can be measured in individual submicron grains. The NanoSIMS is manufactured by Cameca Instruments, Inc. (Paris, France), but almost all instruments purchased by cosmochemists are modified substantially to make them even more capable.
Besides having a tiny beam size and excellent sensitivity, the NanoSIMS can measure up to five isotopes simultaneously, allowing precise measurements on the identical spot. Most important for the hunt for presolar silicates is the ability to raster the beam over a region packed with hundreds or thousands of grains, allowing automatic measurements of a large number of grains in a relatively short time. By analyzing oxygen isotopes (16O, 17O, and 18O), the rare presolar grains will be conspicuous in a sea of grains with normal solar system oxygen isotopic composition, like supernovae in the normal starry sky.
This is a photograph of the Cameca NanoSIMS at Washington University in St. Louis, the first such instrument in the world. The major parts are labeled. This state-of-the-art instrument makes it possible to measure the isotopic compositions of extremely small grains in extraterrestrial materials. Ann Nguyen and Ernst Zinner used this instrument to discover presolar silicate grains in the meteorite Acfer 094.
Kazu Nagashima and Yoshi Yurimoto used a different type of ion microprobe, the Cameca IMS 1270. This instrument has great sensitivity, but it does not have the required nanometer beam size (grains must be about 10 micrometers or larger). To get around this problem, they and their colleagues at TiTech devised a whole new ion detection system, building a solid-state detector called SCAPS. Working backwards, APS refers to "active pixel sensor." The C stands for CMOS, or complementary metal oxide semiconductor; in short, a transistor. The S stands for stacked, referring to the arrangement of metal layers for ion-irradiation stacked on the APS. The device allows for sensitive measurements and no distortions in the signal across the detector, and can measure the isotopic compositions of oxygen and other elements in grains as small as about 1 micrometer, but can detect presolar grains as small as about 100 nanometers.
Isotope microscope system consisting of the SCAPS and IMS 1270 ion microprobe. The SCAPS detector is located on the image-focusing plane inside the vacuum of the ion microprobe.
The Right Extraterrestrial Materials
Formation of the solar system involved heating of the cloud of gas and dust surrounding the nascent Sun. This caused some silicate grains to vaporize and others to react chemically. As planetesimals formed, they heated up by decay of short-lived isotopes such as 26Al or possibly by impact, causing additional chemical reactions including those driven by water. Thus, much of the record of presolar silicates has been destroyed. To find them we must search in the least altered materials we can find.
Scott Messenger and his colleagues at Washington University in St. Louis (including Ernst Zinner) searched for presolar grains in IDPs (see PSRD article A New Type of Stardust). Ann Nguyen and Zinner, and Kazu Nagashima and his colleagues obtained samples of one of the most primitive carbonaceous chondrites, Acfer 094. This meteorite was found in the Sahara desert, an excellent place for preservation since the meteorite arrived on Earth. More importantly, Ansgar Greshake (Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany) showed through detailed electron microscopy that the meteorite is exceptionally primitive and has little or no aqueous alteration. Its fine-grained matrix contains a substantial amount of amorphous silicate material that contains tiny (few hundred nanometers) grains of olivine, low-Ca pyroxene, and metallic Fe-Ni. The meteorite contains the highest content of presolar SiC (obtained by the whole-rock dissolution method), leading Greshake to suggest that some of the silicates may also be presolar.
Map of Acfer 094 made from element abundances determined with an electron microprobe. The presolar grains were found in the fine-grained matrix (colored brown). Ca,Al-rich inclusions are colored blue. Chondrules and amoeboid olivine aggregates are colored red. The Acfer 094 meteorite is one of the most primitive carbonaceous chondrites known, making it a logical target for the search for presolar silicates.
Kazu Nagashima and his colleagues studied Acfer 094, too, but also searched for presolar silicates in Northwest Africa (NWA) 530. This meteorite is also a very primitive carbonaceous chondrite that experienced some very mild aqueous alteration, but no heating.
The new technologies and well-chosen primitive samples have led to the unambiguous discovery of presolar silicate grains in chondritic meteorites. They show up on images of the 17O/16O ratio and 18O/16O ratio, and other measurements prove that the grains are silicates.
Images of the isotopic composition of a small region (only 100 square micrometers) in Acfer 094. The scale on the right is in deviations from solar oxygen isotopic composition in parts per thousand. Most of the material has typical solar system compositions, averaging a zero deviation from solar. The grain identified with the red circle, however, stands out by being enriched in 17O and depleted in 18O compared to solar values; it is a presolar grain. Chemical analyses show that it is a silicate (see graph below).
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image (insert) of the presolar grain shown above, with the spectrum of x-rays emitted from the particle due to electron bombardment in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The tall peaks for oxygen and silicon show that it is a silicate. The presence of magnesium and calcium indicate that it is a pyroxene. Carbon is a contaminate in the SEM; gold is from the substrate the sample was placed on.
Nagashima and his colleagues surveyed a total area of 44,100 square microns in each meteorite, and Nguyen and Zinner surveyed 5750 square microns in Acfer 094. In total they found 15 grains that are clearly different from average solar material in their oxygen isotopic compositions. For Acfer, this translates into an abundance of 30 to 40 parts per million, which is much more than the abundance of non-silicate presolar grains. Silicon carbide is the most abundant (except for nanodiamonds, whose presolar origin is somewhat disputed), at 14 parts per million. So, not only did our silicate searchers find presolar silicate grains, they found that silicates are more abundant than oxides, carbides, and nitrides.
LEFT: Backscattered electron image of a presolar olivine grain in the Acfer 094 chondrite. The SCAPS detector in the Cameca IMS 1270 allows in situ isotope imaging of such small grains. (Courtesy of Kazu Nagashima.) RIGHT: Oxygen isotopic compositions of nine anomalous (hence presolar) grains in Acfer 094 from Nguyen and Zinner. The large cloud of points centered at the intersection of the dashed lines is where most components in chondrites and IDPs plots--it is average solar system material. The numbered grains are significantly different in composition from ordinary solar system, and their positions on the diagram suggest origins in different types of stellar environments.
Continued searches for presolar grains in meteorites will undoubtedly lead to additional tiny samples. Their isotopic compositions will allow cosmochemists and astrophysicists to test models of star formation and evolution. Variation in abundances in different types of meteorites and subtle elemental differences among the populations of presolar grains in different meteorites will help us understand the extent of heating and chemical reaction during formation of the solar system.
None of this would be possible without the great leaps forward in analytical instrumentation. There is an essential synergism between cosmochemistry and instrument development. One drives the other. As our understanding of extraterrestrial materials improves, we ask sophisticated questions that require better analytical capabilities to answer. Cosmochemists and other scientists and engineers develop new tools, such as the SCAPS detector, allowing the questions to be addressed. Of course, this leads to other questions. It is an exciting cycle of discovery and instrument innovation, punctuated by an influx of new extraterrestrial materials--Apollo samples 25 years ago, Antarctic meteorites, recognition of meteorites from Mars, collection of IDPs in the stratosphere, return of the samples from the Stardust misson.
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Will It Be You?
If you want to answer the question "Where should I go to college?" ask yourself this: "Where will I go after college?" Today's graduates enter a world of rapidly changing technology, a world where critical thinking will be their strongest ally. Perhaps you'll build a business right here in Marion, but need to understand global trade to make it a success. Perhaps your journey will take you elsewhere, where having an association with 500,000 + fellow alumni could make all the difference. As a student at The Ohio State University at Marion, you'll discover a world of opportunities. And as an Ohio State graduate, you'll be able to bring those to life.
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If These Household Chemicals Can Harm Wild Birds, What About Your Pet?
Florida Green Lizards Develop Stickier Feet in Just 15 Years
Lost Bear Cub Cries for His Mom
Dr. Becker Talks About Osteosarcoma in Dogs
Dr. Becker: How Is Chagas Disease Transmitted?
Dr. Becker's Cube Steak Biscotti: A Treat for Your Pets
View All Pet Videos
Here's yet another reason not to feed your favorite feline a dry-food-only diet.
This dog knows how to make the most of a water park!
Four months after its April visit to Chinese jerky pet treat manufacturing facilities, the FDA reveals no samples were collected for testing.


Thursday, January 5, 12:00 PM
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EventQuip provides a full line of every style of tent. Our inventory includes every size of frame tents, pole tents, structures, clear top tents and sailcloth tents. Your event is unique, and our project managers will work with you to select the size and style of tent that is perfect for your special occasion or corporate event.
From ground contour flooring to engineered elevated platform systems and floors that extend over swimming pools, EventQuip has the equipment and expertise to create a solid foundation for any event. We offer a variety of flooring options that include basic astro-turf, interior grade plush carpeting, clear acrylic floors, and custom wood planking.
A dance floor can serve as the centerpiece of your event. We offer polished wood grain parquet flooring, gleaming black or our much-admired glossy white dance floor. All are finished with aluminum trim. We also create custom dance floor appliqués and full graphic overlays. Make your dance floor one-of-a-kind with one of our custom installed options.
Whether you need a basic elevated platform or a custom built curved performance area, EventQuip can create a unique stage for your event. Our large inventory of platforms, steps, handrails and skirting options can be tailored to your location, design and expectation. We create multi-level and cantilevered, round, clear and concert stages. EventQuip can also provide staging and ramps that are ADA compliant when required for your event.
When you need portable power for your event, you can count on EventQuip’s fleet of generators to provide the right connection. EventQuip has various generator sizes to suit your event needs and challenging installation parameters. We also carry distribution boxes in various sizes, feeder cables, cable ramps and heavy-duty extension cords to keep your party powered up and safely-accessed, no matter the weather.
Weather is always a concern at any outdoor event. During the colder months keep temperatures under control with EventQuip’s efficient and versatile propane heaters. We also stock electric and fuel oil units for those occasions where local codes prohibit the use of propane. In warmer months we can keep your guests cool with tent fans and air-conditioning systems.
If your event begins at dusk or beyond, lighting is a crucial element in keeping your guests safe and your party energized. EventQuip offers basic and custom tent lighting including dimmable up-lighting, static color-gelled par lighting, mini-string lighting, and paper lanterns. We also offer industrial high-bay lighting fixtures customized for your application.
In addition to tables, linens and chairs, EventQuip has a variety of event accessories. Whether your event requires bleachers, fencing, carpet runners, patio heaters, American or state flags or even restroom solutions, EventQuip has it covered.


-- Catholic News Agency
Pledge To Pray Daily Rosary Draws 80,000 Signatures
BOSTON, MASS., January 6 (CNA/EWTN News) .- More than 80,000 people have pledged to pray the Rosary daily, with their names recorded in a book presented to Pope Benedict XVI.
Father John Phalen, C.S.C., president of the Massachusetts-based Holy Cross Family Ministries, presented a book recording their pledges to the Pope in December during the Ecclesia in America international congress at the Vatican.
Fr. Phalen said the presentation was "a special opportunity."
"It was an honor to present His Holiness with the book and ask his apostolic blessing on our ministry," he said Jan. 3 statement.
The book contains the names of those from around the world who have pledged to pray the Rosary daily.
"There are even pledges in languages we can't understand, like some of those from India and Bangladesh," Fr. Phalen said.
Family Rosary, a ministry of Holy Cross Family Ministries, marked its 70th anniversary in 2012. It collected the pledges as part of its campaign to gave out free rosaries to those who agreed to pray the Rosary daily. Many participants pledged to say the Rosary with their families.
The ministry asked participants in the campaign to pray for peace in accord with the wishes of the Virgin Mary. They are encouraged to post a pledge card in their homes to remind them of their promise.
The rosary campaign was begun in 1991 by Family Rosary founder Servant of God Fr. Patrick Peyton, C.S.C.
Fr. Peyton, known as the "Rosary Priest," famously used the catchphrase "the family that prays together, stays together." He drew inspiration from his father, who gathered his family to pray every evening.
Fr. Peyton founded Family Rosary in 1942 to help the family through prayer. He was one of the most influential American priests of the 20th century and pioneered Catholic evangelization in radio, movies, televisions and billboards. He died in 1992 and he is under consideration for sainthood .
Holy Cross Family Ministries employs 30 Holy Cross religious and about 125 laypeople worldwide. It has offices in 17 countries and provides rosaries to everyone who asks. The ministry, which is supported by free will donations, has given away more than 20 million rosaries.
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FAT CAT TUESDAY - It's Mardi Gras time and and the Dumb Friends League (www.ddfl.org) is encouraging pet lovers to indulge in a "Big Beautiful Feline" as part of a one-day “Fat Cat Tuesday” adoption special today.
Adoption fees for all cats 10 pounds and over will be waived today. Adopters who take home a plus-size cat will also receive a free bag of Hill’s Science Diet Perfect Weight cat food and tips on how to get their new feline friend to a healthy weight.
According to the League, overweight cats outnumber hose of a normal weight, and it can lead to conditions such as diabetes and arthritis. The organization is trying to highlight larger cats so they’ll be able find families that can help them achieve a healthy lifestyle. All pet adoptions from the league include spay/neuter services, a microchip identification implant, initial vaccinations and a free office visit with a participating veterinarian.
HAND-UP CONTEST - Foothills Animal Shelter (www.foothillsanimalshelter,org) in Golden is one of seven Colorado charity nominees competing in this year’s Citywide Banks Charity Hand-Up Contest, which runs March 17-31. The grand prize is $5,000.
The contest involves members of the public voting for their favorite charity nominee and sharing their support through Facebook and other social media. The charity that receives the most votes on Facebook will win.
There will also be a voter prize drawing that includes a $100 dinner at Old Major restaurant in Denver and gift cards from Starbucks and Tony’s Market.
Citywide Banks employees personally choose the charities participating in this contest. Foothills Animal Shelter was nominated by employees of the Lakewood and Arvada branches.
WAGS TO WISHES-There's still time to purchase tickets for "Wags to Wishes, Mardi Paws," a fundraiser for Denkai Animal Sanctuary in Weld County. The event is being held March 8 at the Embassy Suites in Loveland. It will feature live and silent auctions, a dog parade, full course meal, live entertainment and a Mardi Gras band. Information: www.denkaisanctuary.org
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ROBERT Mulas received a Public Service Medal on Australia Day for outstanding work as principal of Fairfield High School.
He has improved educational outcomes at a school with one of the highest numbers of refugee students in NSW.
Mr Mulas also introduced the Parent Cafe program which provides a meeting, sharing and learning place for those parents with limited English language skills.
The success of this initiative led to recognition by the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and a request in 2012 for Mr Mulas and some students to present details about the initiative in Geneva.
"We have successfully developed the Parents Cafe to be a global best practice model in supporting parents to better understand their new school environment and supporting their children along the education pathway," he said.
He has also implemented a healthy canteen strategy to provide a wide variety of nutritional food choices for the school community.
"As a teacher and public servant in the NSW system I was most surprised and extremely grateful for being nominated.
"I believe that this award acknowledges all the work that is done by public servants at the state and federal levels across Australia."
Mr Mulas said he would continue to encourage parental involvement in school life and was looking forward to the opening of a school facility constructed specifically for parent and community use.


March 7, 2006
Japan Contacts Hayabusa Asteroid Probe
TOKYO (AP) - Japan's space agency said Tuesday it had re-established partial contact with a problem-plagued probe sent to collect samples from an asteroid, but a fuel leak could cut communications again.
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency said it had established sufficient contact with the Hayabusa probe to assess its condition and position.JAXA has been gradually restoring communications with Hayabusa since January, after a thruster malfunction the previous month put the probe into a spin that caused a break in contact, the agency said in a statement.
It said it now has learned that a fuel leak that also occurred in early December apparently caused Hayabusa to lose most of the fuel for the chemical engine controlling its positioning.
The agency plans to use solar batteries to charge up an ion engine in order to control the probe's attitude and keep it properly oriented to maintain communications with Earth, but contact could be lost again if the operation fails, it said.
Launched in May 2003, Hayabusa's mission was to land on the asteroid Itokawa and collect samples to bring back to Earth. However, JAXA experienced a series of problems with the probe as it neared its destination.
JAXA lost contact with Hayabusa during a faulty touchdown in November and did not even realize the probe had landed until days later - long after it lifted off the asteroid.
Hayabusa made a second landing days later but experienced trouble with its thruster after takeoff, forcing JAXA to shut down the probe's engines.
In addition, data from the probe did not show that it had fired a metal projectile onto the asteroid's surface during landing, as previously believed. The probe was to have collected dust particles shot up by the projectile's impact.
If Hayabusa does return to Earth with extraterrestrial material, it would be the first successful mission to bring back asteroid samples from space, JAXA said. A 2001 NASA probe of the asteroid Eros did not collect surface samples.


|Distance education (Photo credit: mcwetboy)|
There are 5 main reasons why online college diplomas are becoming the choice for those who want to further their education:
They are flexible!Young adults and older adults alike can benefit from the flexibility of online college education. They can learn from their home or a coffee shop. They can choose the time that they want to study and how much time they can dedicate to learning. There are a wide array of courses to choose from. Flexibility simply means more choice for you.
They are convenient!Those who take a college course online love the fact that it is so convenient and can fit in well with the rest of their busy lives. Most people are juggling multiple responsibilities these days and trying to fit a traditional college course into their lives is not always possible. But online college courses makes it something that they can actually do, without neglecting the rest of their lives.
You don't have to GO to the campus!For many people this is a huge perk! People that live in small towns and are not close to a bricks and mortar college are often not able to take the college courses they are interested in because there is not a campus nearby. Online college courses make it easy for people to learn, no matter where they live.
If you work during the day or work split shifts it would be next to impossible to take college courses at a traditional school where classes are at set times. Online college courses let you study whenever you are available, whether that is early in the morning, the middle of the day, or late at night. It is your choice.
Online college courses are available when you are!
Financial help!Yes, most college courses offer a selection of financial aid options but in the past they haven't been as easy to get for online college courses. As online education becomes more and more popular though, more options are becoming available to students that want to learn online and get their college diploma. Talk to a financial aid officer at the college you are interested in enrolling at.
These are some pretty good reasons to enroll in an online college but you should remember that online does not mean easy. You should be prepared to put in the time and effort that is required to study and learn the material and do well in your course.


|FLEET INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS SDN. BHD. ( Headquarter )
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We keep looking for quality distributors and business partners to growth together with us. Right here, we would like to take this opportunity to invite you to our HQ-office to explore the possibility of working together. Our marketing personnel will be at hand to welcome you.
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October 11, 2017
She was the first woman to run a successful U.S. presidential campaign. She proved her mettle time and again in the face of withering attacks by the media. Kellyanne Conway, Senior Counselor to the President of the United States, has been confirmed to speak at the Values Voter Summit on Friday morning shortly after President Trump concludes his remarks. Don't miss her magnetic dynamism -- register now for the 2017 Values Voter Summit on October 13-15!
A Washington, D.C. institution since 2006, the Values Voter Summit was described by Vice President Pence as "the greatest gathering of conservative pro-family Americans in the nation." Dozens of our nation's conservative leaders will be speaking at this year's event, which will also feature informative breakout sessions, exhibits, a student mixer, book signings, and the Faith, Family & Freedom Gala. There is still time to be a part of Seizing the Moment!
Tony Perkins' Washington Update is written with the aid of FRC senior writers.


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Whether you need a large washer to accommodate your comforter, are washing the soccer teams uniforms or are looking for a clean, comfortable place to launder your clothes, The Clothes Basket’s self-service laundromat is the place to go! All of our machines are expertly serviced, so they’re always in proper working order. Plus, our dryers utilize gas for more even, effective drying. Not only do we offer the best laundry services and laundromat facilities in the Paw Paw, MI area, but our attendant is on duty at all times for your convenience and peace of mind.
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CROMWELL — Carl Klingberg saw his brother in the corner and made the decision.
Klingberg was skating for the Winnipeg Jets last month, his brother John was playing defense for the Dallas Stars. It was the first time the Swedish brothers were facing each other in the NHL and Carl was determined to leave his mark.
"I was saying to myself, I don't care, I'm going to go down there and hit my brother," Klingberg said. "He didn't expect it. So I went down and hit him hard."
The check sent John Klingberg to the air. Later, John attempted to line up Carl on the blue line.
"But I saw him coming, dumped the puck and I got the better of him," said Carl, who was traded to the Rangers organization two weeks ago.
At 6 feet 3, 205 pounds, Carl's game is all about speed and contact. So his willingness to line up his own flesh and blood isn't surprising, and it sends a message to prospective employers — he'll hit any player on the ice.
"For sure, that's my game," Carl said.
Klingberg, 24, has been a productive scorer in the AHL, notching 22 goals for the Calder Cup finalist St. John's IceCaps last season. But he's something of an anomaly as a player, a guy born and raised in Sweden who plays like a guy born and raised in North America.
That's the allure for the Rangers, who acquired him in a March 1 trade with the Jets for forward Lee Stempniak. Klingberg, a 2009 second-round pick of the former Atlanta Thrashers, has an NHL physique and plays with an attitude.
"When we were young, me and my brother, I was always the strong, faster guy," Klingberg said. "I never really had good skill with my stick or anything. It's OK, average at best. So I try to use my other components, my skating and taking the puck with size. That's kind of how the North American game is, it's fast, it's strong, more physical. Not so much East-to-West hockey, it's more North-to-South. That's kind of how it's been for me."
John Klingberg (10 goals, 36 points) is the leading scorer in the NHL among rookie defensemen. John, 22, is more a classic Swedish player, a strong puck-handler with finesse and grace.
The opposite of his big brother.
"I've always been the stronger brother, but he's more skilled," Carl said. "He'll take that hit and remember it, and try to score on me the next time. Hitting, that's not his game. If I hit him, that might piss him off. But if he scores, he'll piss me off. That's his way of pissing me off. That's what he should be doing. That's his game."
Carl has played in 12 NHL games since starting his professional career five years ago. He scored 15 goals during his first full season with St. John's and had 15 this season, before he was dealt to the Wolf Pack.
In three games with Hartford, he has one goal and two assists. He joined a team with one familiar face — Oscar Lindberg, his linemate on Sweden's junior national team.
Lindberg (17 goals, 38 points) is more of a classic Swedish player. His skill was a nice complement to Klingberg's brawn.
"Oscar, he's very smart," Klingberg said. "But I'm just not one of those technically smart guys. I wouldn't say I'm dumb on the ice, but I wouldn't say I'm the smartest guy on the team, which usually a Swede is — they're smart, they're passing well. Like Oscar. It's just not the way I am."
The goal is a return to the NHL. Klingberg accepted the trade to the Rangers as a fresh start, an opportunity to distinguish himself with a new organization.
His brother, who began the season with the AHL Texas Stars, has secured an NHL job. Carl is hoping for another opportunity to face him. In this lone meeting on Feb. 24 — a 4-2 Winnipeg win — the two were on the ice together for just two shifts.
But Klingberg made it count.
"It was fun," he said. "Hopefully we'll see each other out there again."


A driver has been left furious after paying for parking and being hit with a fine despite returning to his car early.
Elliot Cook, 24, said he paid for two hours and returned an hour and 40 minutes later to discover a parking ticket costing £25.
After leaving his car he picked up the keys to his new house and then took his girlfriend out for dinner.
When he approached a parking warden he was told that there was an evening charge and he should have paid an extra £1 to avoid a fine, the Nottingham Post reports.
He called the ticket "unfair" and said he plans to launch an appeal claiming the car park's signs aren't "clear enough".
Elliot, a marketing firm director, left his car at the Bridgford Road Car Park in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, at 4.49pm on September 8.
He said he paid for two hours of parking and returned to his car at 6.30pm, 19 minutes before he thought his ticket was due to run out at 6.49pm.
But he was left "frustrated" after noticing he had received a £25 parking ticket, which would have risen to £50 had he not paid it within two weeks.
He said he approached a parking warden who told him an evening charge applies at 6pm and said he should have paid an extra £1 before 6pm which would have tied him over until midnight.
Elliot said he did not check parking signs in the car park or the small print on his ticket indicating the evening charge.
He said: "I was surprised to receive it - I thought I was well within the time. I went to the attendant on duty who told me evening parking charges start at 6pm.
"It is really, really unfair. I am really frustrated and know I am not the only one to be caught out by this.
"I paid for parking but did not check the ticket. You assume you know what time you have paid for and what time it starts and ends. I did not look at the fine print of the ticket."
Under parking legislation, tickets purchased in the day automatically expire at 6pm.
Rushcliffe Borough Council, the car park's owner, said there are signs around the car park indicating the evening charge - and it applies across all car parks in West Bridgford.
Evening parking costs £1 to stay from 6pm until 11.59pm.
Elliot said: "People need to be aware of it and check the fine print of parking their car.
"You assume that after putting money in - £2 for two hours - you assume you have two hours.
"I confronted two gentlemen with that fact. They were very appreciative of that advice."
He added the car park is one of the most popular in West Bridgford and near a number of restaurants and bars.
Darryl Burch, service manager for neighbourhoods at the council, said: "It is always unfortunate when an individual receives a parking ticket they were not expecting.
"However, the signage in the car park is clear and this system has been in place and operating well for quite some time.
"There is an appeals process for residents who feel they have been treated unfairly."
Mr Cook said he will appeal against his fine, claiming signage in the car park is not "clear enough".


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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
January 11, 2012
CA Labor Commissioner introduces on-line system to obtain minors' temporary entertainment work permits
Los Angeles—The California Department of Industrial Relations’ Division of Labor Standards Enforcement (commonly known as the Labor Commissioner’s office) has made it easier for California employers and minors to obtain employment in the entertainment industry. Assembly Bill 1401 allows the minor’s parent or guardian to obtain a one-time 10 day Temporary Entertainment Work Permit, upon completion of an on-line application and payment of a $50 permit fee. The new law went into effect on Jan 1.
Parents or guardians of a minor who wish to work in the entertainment industry can now access the permit through an easy-to-use on-line system. Since the new law allows for the 10 Day Temporary Work Permit to be issued upon completion of the application and payment of the permit fee, minors may begin working as soon as the temporary permit is granted.
“We have adopted a process that balances the needs of minors who want to work, the employers who employ them, and protects the security of children which is of paramount concern,” said Labor Commissioner Julie Su. “The system also has an on-line verification that is secure and available for employers and studio teachers to verify the eligibility of a minor under this 10-day Temporary Entertainment Work Permit."
This on-line system eliminates uncertainty and delay for parents, minors and employers of the previous application system which required submission of the paperwork and fees by mail. The permit is only available for minors who have not previously worked in the entertainment industry and under certain conditions. The Labor Commissioner worked with industry stakeholders to test the on-line permit and verification process before it went live.
"This signals a commitment to providing improved services and enhanced tools to support the industries, employers and employees of California,” Su continued.
All proceeds collected at the issuance of the 10 Day Entertainment Work Permit go to the Entertainment Work Permit Fund, which is used to pay the costs of administering the program.
The State selected Unify Corporation to create the on-line system. The application can be found at the Department of Industrial Relations’ web site at: https://permits.dir.ca.gov/tewp/.
The Division of Labor Standards Enforcement (DLSE) protects employees’ rights in the workplace while preserving a level playing field for employers who comply with the Labor Code by adjudicating wage claims, investigating discrimination and public works complaints, and enforcing state labor law and Industrial Welfare Commission wage orders. To learn more about the functions of the California Labor Commissioner, visit our Web site at www.dir.ca.gov/dlse. Employees that have work-related questions or complaints can call the California Workers’ Information Hotline at 1-866-924-9757.
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