Абсолютно ли все программы будут работать на чипе Apple M1?
Нет.
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/apple_si...

Rosetta can translate most Intel-based apps, including apps that contain just-in-time (JIT) compilers. However, Rosetta doesn’t translate the following executables:
- Kernel extensions
- Virtual Machine apps that virtualize x86_64 computer platforms

Rosetta translates all x86_64 instructions, but it doesn’t support the execution of some newer instruction sets and processor features, such as AVX, AVX2, and AVX512 vector instructions. If you include these newer instructions in your code, execute them only after verifying that they are available. For example, to determine if AVX512 vector instructions are available, use the sysctlbyname function to check the hw.optional.avx512f attribute.

UPD: есть сайт на котором указана работоспособность различного ПО на М1 - https://isapplesiliconready.com
Первый опыт использования на Habr