Применяется ли во встроенной функции copy отложенное копирование?
Отложенного копирования при копировании слайса нет.
Вот исходник функции, которая копирует слайсы.
https://golang.org/src/runtime/slice.go#L34
В комментарии к функции написано:
// makeslicecopy allocates a slice of "tolen" elements of type "et",
// then copies "fromlen" elements of type "et" into that new allocation from "from".

Исходный код функции на случай, если исходник не доступен
// makeslicecopy allocates a slice of "tolen" elements of type "et",
// then copies "fromlen" elements of type "et" into that new allocation from "from".
func makeslicecopy(et *_type, tolen int, fromlen int, from unsafe.Pointer) unsafe.Pointer {
	var tomem, copymem uintptr
	if uintptr(tolen) > uintptr(fromlen) {
		var overflow bool
		tomem, overflow = math.MulUintptr(et.size, uintptr(tolen))
		if overflow || tomem > maxAlloc || tolen < 0 {
			panicmakeslicelen()
		}
		copymem = et.size * uintptr(fromlen)
	} else {
		// fromlen is a known good length providing and equal or greater than tolen,
		// thereby making tolen a good slice length too as from and to slices have the
		// same element width.
		tomem = et.size * uintptr(tolen)
		copymem = tomem
	}

	var to unsafe.Pointer
	if et.ptrdata == 0 {
		to = mallocgc(tomem, nil, false)
		if copymem < tomem {
			memclrNoHeapPointers(add(to, copymem), tomem-copymem)
		}
	} else {
		// Note: can't use rawmem (which avoids zeroing of memory), because then GC can scan uninitialized memory.
		to = mallocgc(tomem, et, true)
		if copymem > 0 && writeBarrier.enabled {
			// Only shade the pointers in old.array since we know the destination slice to
			// only contains nil pointers because it has been cleared during alloc.
			bulkBarrierPreWriteSrcOnly(uintptr(to), uintptr(from), copymem)
		}
	}

	if raceenabled {
		callerpc := getcallerpc()
		pc := funcPC(makeslicecopy)
		racereadrangepc(from, copymem, callerpc, pc)
	}
	if msanenabled {
		msanread(from, copymem)
	}

	memmove(to, from, copymem)

	return to
}

Сразу происходит копирование.