You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Triangle $DEF$ has side lengths $DE = 15$, $EF = 36$, and $FD = 39$. Rectangle $WXYZ$ has vertex $W$ on $\overline{DE}$, vertex $X$ on $\overline{DF}$, and vertices $Y$ and $Z$ on $\overline{EF}$. In terms of the side length $WX = \omega$, the area of $WXYZ$ can be expressed as the quadratic polynomial
\[ \text{Area}(WXYZ) = \gamma \omega - \delta \omega^2. \]
Then the coefficient $\delta = \frac{p}{q}$, where $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $p+q$.

Answer: $17$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A factory produces a certain product with an annual fixed cost of $250 million. When producing $x$ million units, an additional cost of $C(x)$ million is required. When the annual production volume is less than 80 million units, $C(x)= \frac {1}{3}x^{2}+10x$; when the annual production volume is not less than 80 million units, $C(x)=51x+ \frac {10000}{x}-1450$. Assume that each unit of the product is sold for $50 million and all produced units can be sold that year.
1. Write out the annual profit $L(x)$ (million) as a function of the annual production volume $x$ (million units).
2. What is the production volume when the factory's profit from producing this product is the highest? What is the maximum profit?

Answer: $1000$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A tank with a mass of $m_{1}=2$ kg rests on a cart with a mass of $m_{2}=10$ kg, which is accelerated with an acceleration of $a=5 \, \text{m/s}^2$. The coefficient of friction between the tank and the cart is $\mu=0.6$. Determine the frictional force acting on the tank from the cart.

Answer: $10$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A circle of radius \( 2 \) cm is inscribed in \( \triangle ABC \). Let \( D \) and \( E \) be the points of tangency of the circle with the sides \( AC \) and \( AB \), respectively. If \( \angle BAC = 45^{\circ} \), find the length of the minor arc \( DE \).

Answer: $\pi$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

$\triangle GHI$ is inscribed inside $\triangle XYZ$ such that $G, H, I$ lie on $YZ, XZ, XY$, respectively. The circumcircles of $\triangle GZC, \triangle HYD, \triangle IXF$ have centers $O_1, O_2, O_3$, respectively. Also, $XY = 26, YZ = 28, XZ = 27$, and $\stackrel{\frown}{YI} = \stackrel{\frown}{GZ},\ \stackrel{\frown}{XI} = \stackrel{\frown}{HZ},\ \stackrel{\frown}{XH} = \stackrel{\frown}{GY}$. The length of $GY$ can be written in the form $\frac{m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime integers. Find $m+n$.

Answer: $29$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Two distinct positive integers \( x \) and \( y \) are factors of 48. If \( x \cdot y \) is not a factor of 48, what is the smallest possible value of \( x \cdot y \)?

Answer: $32$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Eight positive integers are written on the faces of a cube. Each vertex is labeled with the product of the three numbers on the faces adjacent to that vertex. If the sum of the numbers on the vertices is equal to $2107$, what is the sum of the numbers written on the faces?

Answer: $57$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given the symbol $R_k$ represents an integer whose base-ten representation is a sequence of $k$ ones, find the number of zeros in the quotient $Q=R_{28}/R_8$ when $R_{28}$ is divided by $R_8$.

Answer: $21$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

What is the greatest common divisor (GCD) and the sum of the numbers 1729 and 867?

Answer: $2596$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Express \( 0.3\overline{45} \) as a common fraction.

Answer: $\frac{83}{110}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given that $|\vec{a}| = 2$, $|\vec{b}| = 1$, and $(2\vec{a} - 3\vec{b}) \cdot (2\vec{a} + \vec{b}) = 9$.

(I) Find the angle $\theta$ between vectors $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$;

(II) Find $|\vec{a} + \vec{b}|$ and the projection of vector $\vec{a}$ in the direction of $\vec{a} + \vec{b}$.

Answer: $\frac{5\sqrt{7}}{7}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

I randomly choose an integer \( p \) between \( 1 \) and \( 20 \) inclusive. What is the probability that \( p \) is such that there exists an integer \( q \) so that \( p \) and \( q \) satisfy the equation \( pq - 6p - 3q = 3 \)? Express your answer as a common fraction.

Answer: $\frac{3}{20}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

As shown in the diagram, there is a sequence of curves \(P_{0}, P_{1}, P_{2}, \cdots\). It is given that \(P_{0}\) is an equilateral triangle with an area of 1. Each \(P_{k+1}\) is obtained from \(P_{k}\) by performing the following operations: each side of \(P_{k}\) is divided into three equal parts, an equilateral triangle is constructed outwards on the middle segment of each side, and the middle segments are then removed (\(k=0,1,2, \cdots\)). Let \(S_{n}\) denote the area enclosed by the curve \(P_{n}\).
1. Find a general formula for the sequence \(\{S_{n}\}\).
2. Evaluate \(\lim _{n \rightarrow \infty} S_{n}\).

Answer: $\frac{8}{5}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Let point $O$ be the origin of a two-dimensional coordinate system, and let points $A$ and $B$ be located on positive $x$ and $y$ axes, respectively. If $OA = \sqrt[3]{54}$ and $\angle AOB = 45^\circ,$ compute the length of the line segment $AB.$

Answer: $54^{1/3} \sqrt{2}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given the sets \( P=\left\{m^{2}-4, m+1,-3\right\} \) and \( Q=\{m-3, 2m-1, 3m+1\} \), if \( P \cap Q = \{-3\} \), find the value of the real number \( m \).

Answer: $-\frac{4}{3}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Among the scalene triangles with natural number side lengths, a perimeter not exceeding 30, and the sum of the longest and shortest sides exactly equal to twice the third side, there are ____ distinct triangles.

Answer: $20$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given point $M(\sqrt{6}, \sqrt{2})$ on the ellipse $G$: $\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}} + \frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}} = 1 (a > b > 0)$ with an eccentricity of $\frac{\sqrt{6}}{3}$.

1. Find the equation of ellipse $G$.
2. If the line $l$ with a slope of $1$ intersects ellipse $G$ at points $A$ and $B$, and an isosceles triangle is formed with $AB$ as the base and $P(-3, 2)$ as the apex, find the area of $\triangle PAB$.

Answer: $\frac{9}{2}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

How many of the numbers from the set $\{1,\ 2,\ 3,\ldots,\ 100\}$ have a perfect square factor other than one?

Answer: $39$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

The young man paid with $100 for a gift that cost $18 and received $79 in change from Mr. Wang. Mr. Wang then returned the counterfeit $100 bill to the neighbor.

Answer: $97$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

If the product of the first 2011 positive integers $1 \times 2 \times \ldots \times 2011$ is divisible by $2010^k$, then the maximum value of the positive integer $k$ is.

Answer: $30$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

If the non-negative real numbers $x$ and $y$ satisfy $x^{2}+4y^{2}+4xy+4x^{2}y^{2}=32$, find the minimum value of $x+2y$, and the maximum value of $\sqrt{7}(x+2y)+2xy$.

Answer: $4\sqrt{7}+4$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Let  $\omega$  be a circle with radius  $1$ . Equilateral triangle  $\vartriangle ABC$  is tangent to  $\omega$   at the midpoint of side  $BC$  and  $\omega$   lies outside   $\vartriangle ABC$ . If line  $AB$  is tangent to  $\omega$  , compute the side length of   $\vartriangle  ABC$ .

Answer: $\frac{2 \sqrt{3}}{3}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

The result of the addition shown is

```
  300
 2020
+10001
```

Answer: $12321$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given an ellipse $E: \frac{x^2}{a^2} + \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1$ ($a > b > 0$) whose left focus $F_1$ coincides with the focus of the parabola $y^2 = -4x$, and the eccentricity of ellipse $E$ is $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$. A line $l$ with a non-zero slope passes through point $M(m, 0)$ ($m > \frac{3}{4}$) and intersects ellipse $E$ at points $A$ and $B$. Point $P(\frac{5}{4}, 0)$, and $\overrightarrow{PA} \cdot \overrightarrow{PB}$ is a constant.
(Ⅰ) Find the equation of ellipse $E$;
(Ⅱ) Find the maximum value of the area of $\triangle OAB$.

Answer: $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In triangle \( \triangle ABC \), it is given that \( \angle C=90^\circ \), \( \angle A=60^\circ \), and \( AC=1 \). Points \( D \) and \( E \) are on sides \( BC \) and \( AB \) respectively such that triangle \( \triangle ADE \) is an isosceles right triangle with \( \angle ADE=90^\circ \). Find the length of \( BE \).

Answer: $4-2\sqrt{3}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Equilateral $\triangle DEF$ has side length $300$. Points $R$ and $S$ lie outside the plane of $\triangle DEF$ and are on opposite sides of the plane. Furthermore, $RA=RB=RC$, and $SA=SB=SC$, and the planes containing $\triangle RDE$ and $\triangle SDE$ form a $150^{\circ}$ dihedral angle. There is a point $M$ whose distance from each of $D$, $E$, $F$, $R$, and $S$ is $k$. Find $k$.

Answer: $300$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A set $\mathcal{T}$ of distinct positive integers has the following property: for every integer $y$ in $\mathcal{T},$ the arithmetic mean of the set of values obtained by deleting $y$ from $\mathcal{T}$ is an integer. Given that 1 belongs to $\mathcal{T}$ and that 1764 is the largest element of $\mathcal{T},$ what is the greatest number of elements that $\mathcal{T}$ can have?

Answer: $42$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Find the least  $n$  such that any subset of  ${1,2,\dots,100}$  with  $n$  elements has 2 elements with a diﬀerence of 9.

Answer: $51$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

We have a  $100\times100$  garden and we’ve plant  $10000$  trees in the  $1\times1$  squares (exactly one in each.). Find the maximum number of trees that we can cut such that on the segment between each two cut trees, there exists at least one uncut tree.

Answer: $2500$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Let $f(x)$ be an odd function defined on $(-\infty, +\infty)$, and $f(x+2) = -f(x)$. Given that $f(x) = x$ for $0 \leq x \leq 1$, find $f(3\pi)$.

Answer: $10 - 3\pi$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Several players try out for the USAMTS basketball team, and they all have integer heights and weights when measured in centimeters and pounds, respectively. In addition, they all weigh less in pounds than they are tall in centimeters. All of the players weigh at least  $190$  pounds and are at most  $197$  centimeters tall, and there is exactly one player with
every possible height-weight combination.

The USAMTS wants to field a competitive team, so there are some strict requirements.

- If person  $P$  is on the team, then anyone who is at least as tall and at most as heavy as  $P$  must also be on the team.
- If person  $P$  is on the team, then no one whose weight is the same as  $P$ ’s height can also be on the team.

Assuming the USAMTS team can have any number of members (including zero), how many different basketball teams can be constructed?

Answer: $128$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In circle $O$ with radius 10 units, chords $AC$ and $BD$ intersect at right angles at point $P$. If $BD$ is a diameter of the circle, and the length of $PC$ is 3 units, calculate the product $AP \cdot PB$.

Answer: $51$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In our daily life, for a pair of new bicycle tires, the rear tire wears out faster than the front tire. Through testing, it is found that the front tire of a general bicycle is scrapped after traveling 11,000 kilometers, while the rear tire is scrapped after traveling 9,000 kilometers. It is evident that when the rear tire is scrapped after traveling 9,000 kilometers, the front tire can still be used, which inevitably leads to a certain waste. If the front and rear tires are swapped once, allowing the front and rear tires to be scrapped simultaneously, the bicycle can travel a longer distance. How many kilometers can the bicycle travel at most after swapping once? And after how many kilometers should the front and rear tires be swapped?

Answer: $4950$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

$Q$ is the point of intersection of the diagonals of one face of a cube whose edges have length 2 units. Calculate the length of $QR$.

Answer: $\sqrt{6}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Joel is rolling a 6-sided die. After his first roll, he can choose to re-roll the die up to 2 more times. If he rerolls strategically to maximize the expected value of the final value the die lands on, the expected value of the final value the die lands on can be expressed as  $\frac{m}{n}$ , where  $m$  and  $n$  are relatively prime positive integers. What is  $m+n$ ?

*2021 CCA Math Bonanza Individual Round #8*

Answer: $21$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Find the largest natural number from which it is impossible to obtain a number divisible by 11 by deleting some of its digits.

Answer: $987654321$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

How many positive integers less than $1000$ are either a perfect cube or a perfect square?

Answer: $38$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A set of positive integers is said to be pilak if it can be partitioned into 2 disjoint subsets \(F\) and \(T\), each with at least 2 elements, such that the elements of \(F\) are consecutive Fibonacci numbers, and the elements of \(T\) are consecutive triangular numbers. Find all positive integers \(n\) such that the set containing all the positive divisors of \(n\) except \(n\) itself is pilak.

Answer: $30$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given that a normal vector of the straight line $l$ is $\overrightarrow{n} = (1, -\sqrt{3})$, find the size of the inclination angle of this straight line.

Answer: $\frac{\pi}{6}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In a right triangle $DEF$ where leg $DE = 30$ and leg $EF = 40$, determine the number of line segments with integer length that can be drawn from vertex $E$ to a point on hypotenuse $\overline{DF}$.

Answer: $17$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

If $x + x^2 + x^3 + \ldots + x^9 + x^{10} = a_0 + a_1(1 + x) + a_2(1 + x)^2 + \ldots + a_9(1 + x)^9 + a_{10}(1 + x)^{10}$, then $a_9 = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$.

Answer: $-9$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Select the shape of diagram $b$ from the regular hexagonal grid of diagram $a$. There are $\qquad$ different ways to make the selection (note: diagram $b$ can be rotated).

Answer: $72$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

What is the least positive integer with exactly $12$ positive factors?

Answer: $96$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A lot of snow has fallen, and the kids decided to make snowmen. They rolled 99 snowballs with masses of 1 kg, 2 kg, 3 kg, ..., up to 99 kg. A snowman consists of three snowballs stacked on top of each other, and one snowball can be placed on another if and only if the mass of the first is at least half the mass of the second. What is the maximum number of snowmen that the children will be able to make?

Answer: $24$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A frog starts climbing up a 12-meter deep well at 8 AM. For every 3 meters it climbs up, it slips down 1 meter. The time it takes to slip 1 meter is one-third of the time it takes to climb 3 meters. At 8:17 AM, the frog reaches 3 meters from the top of the well for the second time. How many minutes does it take for the frog to climb from the bottom of the well to the top?

Answer: $22$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Jennifer wants to do origami, and she has a square of side length  $ 1$ . However, she would prefer to use a regular octagon for her origami, so she decides to cut the four corners of the square to get a regular octagon. Once she does so, what will be the side length of the octagon Jennifer obtains?

Answer: $1 - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In triangle $XYZ$, $\cos(2X - Y) + \sin(X + Y) = 2$ and $XY = 6$. What is $YZ$?

Answer: $3\sqrt{3}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

For the quadratic equation in one variable $x$, $x^{2}+mx+n=0$ always has two real roots $x_{1}$ and $x_{2}$.
$(1)$ When $n=3-m$ and both roots are negative, find the range of real number $m$.
$(2)$ The inequality $t\leqslant \left(m-1\right)^{2}+\left(n-1\right)^{2}+\left(m-n\right)^{2}$ always holds. Find the maximum value of the real number $t$.

Answer: $\frac{9}{8}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

There is a committee composed of 10 members who meet around a table: 7 women, 2 men, and 1 child. The women sit in indistinguishable rocking chairs, the men on indistinguishable stools, and the child on a bench, also indistinguishable from any other benches. How many distinct ways are there to arrange the seven rocking chairs, two stools, and one bench for a meeting?

Answer: $360$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In a table consisting of $n$ rows and $m$ columns, numbers are written such that the sum of the elements in each row is 1248, and the sum of the elements in each column is 2184. Find the numbers $n$ and $m$ for which the expression $2n - 3m$ takes the smallest possible natural value. In the answer, specify the value of $n + m$.

Answer: $143$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Select three digits from 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and two digits from 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 to form a five-digit number without any repeating digits. How many such numbers can be formed?

Answer: $11040$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

The cross below is made up of five congruent squares. The perimeter of the cross is  $72$ . Find its area.
[asy]
import graph;
size(3cm);
pair A = (0,0);
pair temp = (1,0);
pair B = rotate(45,A)*temp;
pair C = rotate(90,B)*A;
pair D = rotate(270,C)*B;
pair E = rotate(270,D)*C;
pair F = rotate(90,E)*D;
pair G = rotate(270,F)*E;
pair H = rotate(270,G)*F;
pair I = rotate(90,H)*G;
pair J = rotate(270,I)*H;
pair K = rotate(270,J)*I;
pair L = rotate(90,K)*J;
draw(A--B--C--D--E--F--G--H--I--J--K--L--cycle);
[/asy]

Answer: $180$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Find the smallest positive integer $k$ such that $1^2 + 2^2 + 3^2 + \ldots + k^2$ is a multiple of $360$.

Answer: $72$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In any isosceles triangle $PQR$ with $PQ = PR$, the altitude $PS$ bisects the base $QR$ so that $QS = RS$. Given that the triangle sides are $PQ = PR = 15$ and the entire base length $QR = 20$.

[asy]
draw((0,0)--(20,0)--(10,36)--cycle,black+linewidth(1));
draw((10,36)--(10,0),black+linewidth(1)+dashed);
draw((10,0)--(10,1)--(9,1)--(9,0)--cycle,black+linewidth(1));
draw((4.5,-4)--(0,-4),black+linewidth(1));
draw((4.5,-4)--(0,-4),EndArrow);
draw((15.5,-4)--(20,-4),black+linewidth(1));
draw((15.5,-4)--(20,-4),EndArrow);
label("$P$",(10,36),N);
label("$Q$",(0,0),SW);
label("$R$",(20,0),SE);
label("$S$",(10,0),S);
label("15",(0,0)--(10,36),NW);
label("15",(10,36)--(20,0),NE);
label("20",(10,-4));
[/asy]

Answer: $50\sqrt{5}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

What is the maximum number of rooks that can be placed on a $300 \times 300$ chessboard such that each rook attacks at most one other rook? (A rook attacks all the squares it can reach according to chess rules without passing through other pieces.)

Answer: $400$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given that point $P$ is a moving point on the curve $y= \frac {3-e^{x}}{e^{x}+1}$, find the minimum value of the slant angle $\alpha$ of the tangent line at point $P$.

Answer: $\frac{3\pi}{4}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Let  $n$  be a positive integer, and let  $S_n = \{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$ . For a permutation  $\sigma$  of  $S_n$  and an integer  $a \in S_n$ , let  $d(a)$  be the least positive integer  $d$  for which \[\underbrace{\sigma(\sigma(\ldots \sigma(a) \ldots))}_{d \text{ applications of } \sigma} = a\](or  $-1$  if no such integer exists). Compute the value of  $n$  for which there exists a permutation  $\sigma$  of  $S_n$  satisfying the equations \[\begin{aligned} d(1) + d(2) + \ldots + d(n) &= 2017,  \frac{1}{d(1)} + \frac{1}{d(2)} + \ldots + \frac{1}{d(n)} &= 2. \end{aligned}\]

*Proposed by Michael Tang*

Answer: $53$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Two companies, A and B, each donated 60,000 yuan to the "See a Just Cause Foundation". It is known that the average donation per person in company B is 40 yuan more than that in company A, and the number of people in company A is 20% more than that in company B. What are the respective number of people in companies A and B?

Answer: $250$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In a class, there are 4 lessons in one morning, and each lesson needs a teacher to teach it. Now, from 6 teachers A, B, C, D, E, F, 4 teachers are to be arranged to teach one lesson each. The first lesson can only be taught by either A or B, and the fourth lesson can only be taught by either A or C. How many different arrangement plans are there?

Answer: $36$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Let \( f(n) \) be a function where, for an integer \( n \), \( f(n) = k \) and \( k \) is the smallest integer such that \( k! \) is divisible by \( n \). If \( n \) is a multiple of 20, determine the smallest \( n \) such that \( f(n) > 20 \).

Answer: $420$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Fill in the 3x3 grid with 9 different natural numbers such that for each row, the sum of the first two numbers equals the third number, and for each column, the sum of the top two numbers equals the bottom number. What is the smallest possible value for the number in the bottom right corner?

Answer: $12$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Let $F_{1}$ and $F_{2}$ be the two foci of the hyperbola $C$: $\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}- \frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=1$ ($a > 0$, $b > 0$), and let $P$ be a point on $C$. If $|PF_{1}|+|PF_{2}|=6a$ and the smallest angle of $\triangle PF_{1}F_{2}$ is $30^{\circ}$, then the eccentricity of $C$ is ______.

Answer: $\sqrt{3}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

$ABCD$  is a cyclic quadrilateral inscribed in a circle of radius  $5$ , with  $AB=6$ ,  $BC=7$ ,  $CD=8$ . Find  $AD$ .

Answer: $\sqrt{51}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

We draw a triangle inside of a circle with one vertex at the center of the circle and the other two vertices on the circumference of the circle. The angle at the center of the circle measures  $75$  degrees. We draw a second triangle, congruent to the first, also with one vertex at the center of the circle and the other vertices on the circumference of the circle rotated  $75$  degrees clockwise from the first triangle so that it shares a side with the first triangle. We draw a third, fourth, and fifth such triangle each rotated  $75$  degrees clockwise from the previous triangle. The base of the fifth triangle will intersect the base of the first triangle. What is the degree measure of the obtuse angle formed by the intersection?

Answer: $120$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A necklace is strung with gems in the order of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H. Now, we want to select 8 gems from it in two rounds, with the requirement that only 4 gems can be taken each time, and at most two adjacent gems can be taken (such as A, B, E, F). How many ways are there to do this (answer with a number)?

Answer: $30$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In the Empire of Westeros, there were 1000 cities and 2017 roads (each road connects two cities). From each city, it was possible to travel to every other city. One day, an evil wizard cursed $N$ roads, making them impassable. As a result, 7 kingdoms emerged, such that within each kingdom, one can travel between any pair of cities on the roads, but it is impossible to travel from one kingdom to another using the roads. What is the maximum possible value of $N$ for which this is possible?

Answer: $2011$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

We color certain squares of an $8 \times 8$ chessboard red. How many squares can we color at most if we want no red trimino? How many squares can we color at least if we want every trimino to have at least one red square?

Answer: $32$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Form a four-digit number using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 without repetition.
(I) How many different four-digit numbers can be formed?
(II) How many of these four-digit numbers have a tens digit that is larger than both the units digit and the hundreds digit?
(III) Arrange the four-digit numbers from part (I) in ascending order. What is the 85th number in this sequence?

Answer: $2301$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given the vertices of a pyramid with a square base, and two vertices connected by an edge are called adjacent vertices, with the rule that adjacent vertices cannot be colored the same color, and there are 4 colors to choose from, calculate the total number of different coloring methods.

Answer: $72$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Inside a square with side length 8, four congruent equilateral triangles are drawn such that each triangle shares one side with a side of the square and each has a vertex at one of the square's vertices. What is the side length of the largest square that can be inscribed in the space inside the square and outside of the triangles?

Answer: $4\sqrt{3}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A pyramid is constructed on a $5 \times 12$ rectangular base. Each of the four edges joining the apex to the corners of the rectangular base has a length of $15$. Determine the volume of this pyramid.

Answer: $270$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In a convex 10-gon \(A_{1} A_{2} \ldots A_{10}\), all sides and all diagonals connecting vertices skipping one (i.e., \(A_{1} A_{3}, A_{2} A_{4},\) etc.) are drawn, except for the side \(A_{1} A_{10}\) and the diagonals \(A_{1} A_{9}\), \(A_{2} A_{10}\).

A path from \(A_{1}\) to \(A_{10}\) is defined as a non-self-intersecting broken line (i.e., a line such that no two nonconsecutive segments share a common point) with endpoints \(A_{1}\) and \(A_{10}\), where each segment coincides with one of the drawn sides or diagonals. Determine the number of such paths.

Answer: $55$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given vectors $\overrightarrow{a}, \overrightarrow{b}$ that satisfy $|\overrightarrow{a}|^2, \overrightarrow{a}\cdot \overrightarrow{b} = \frac{3}{2}, |\overrightarrow{a}+ \overrightarrow{b}| = 2\sqrt{2}$, find $|\overrightarrow{b}| = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.$

Answer: $\sqrt{5}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A square is divided into three congruent rectangles. The middle rectangle is removed and replaced on the side of the original square to form an octagon as shown.
What is the ratio of the length of the perimeter of the square to the length of the perimeter of the octagon?
A $3: 5$
B $2: 3$
C $5: 8$
D $1: 2$
E $1: 1$

Answer: $3:5$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Consider  $\triangle \natural\flat\sharp$ .  Let  $\flat\sharp$ ,  $\sharp\natural$  and  $\natural\flat$  be the answers to problems  $4$ ,  $5$ , and  $6$ , respectively.  If the incircle of  $\triangle \natural\flat\sharp$  touches  $\natural\flat$  at  $\odot$ , find  $\flat\odot$ .

*Proposed by Evan Chen*

Answer: $2.5$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

From the numbers $1$, $2$, $3$, $4$, $5$, $6$, $7$, $8$, four different numbers are selected, denoted as $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ respectively. If the parity of $a+b$ is the same as the parity of $c+d$, then the total number of ways to select $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ is ______ (provide the answer in numerical form).

Answer: $912$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Determine the number of ways to arrange the letters of the word PERSEVERANCE.

Answer: $19,958,400$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Kelvin the Frog lives in the 2-D plane.  Each day, he picks a uniformly random direction (i.e. a uniformly random bearing  $\theta\in [0,2\pi]$ ) and jumps a mile in that direction.  Let  $D$  be the number of miles Kelvin is away from his starting point after ten days.  Determine the expected value of  $D^4$ .

Answer: $200$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Using the digits 0 to 9, how many three-digit even numbers can be formed without repeating any digits?

Answer: $288$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given a 50-term sequence $(b_1, b_2, \dots, b_{50})$, the Cesaro sum is 500. What is the Cesaro sum of the 51-term sequence $(2, b_1, b_2, \dots, b_{50})$?

Answer: $492$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Medians $\overline{DP}$ and $\overline{EQ}$ of $\triangle DEF$ are perpendicular. An altitude $\overline{ER}$ from $E$ to line $DF$ is such that $ER = 15$. Given $DP= 27$ and $EQ = 36$, determine the length of ${DF}$.

Answer: $45$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

How many of the numbers from the set $\{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 100\}$ have a perfect square factor other than one?

Answer: $48$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given the sequence $\{a_n\}$ such that the sum of the first $n$ terms is $S_n$, $S_1=6$, $S_2=4$, $S_n>0$ and $S_{2n}$, $S_{2n-1}$, $S_{2n+2}$ form a geometric progression, while $S_{2n-1}$, $S_{2n+2}$, $S_{2n+1}$ form an arithmetic progression. Determine the value of $a_{2016}$.
Options:
A) $-1009$
B) $-1008$
C) $-1007$
D) $-1006$

Answer: $-1009$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In a regular tetrahedron with edge length $2\sqrt{6}$, the total length of the intersection between the sphere with center $O$ and radius $\sqrt{3}$ and the surface of the tetrahedron is ______.

Answer: $8\sqrt{2}\pi$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A square and a regular octagon have equal perimeters. If the area of the square is 16, what is the area of the octagon?
A) $8 + 4\sqrt{2}$
B) $4 + 2\sqrt{2}$
C) $16 + 8\sqrt{2}$
D) $4\sqrt{2}$
E) $8\sqrt{2}$

Answer: $8 + 4\sqrt{2}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Nathaniel and Obediah play a game in which they take turns rolling a fair six-sided die and keep a
running tally of the sum of the results of all rolls made. A player wins if, after he rolls, the number on the running tally is a multiple of 7. Play continues until either player wins, or else indenitely. If Nathaniel goes first, determine the probability that he ends up winning.

Answer: $5/11$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Five packages are delivered to five houses, one to each house. If these packages are randomly delivered, what is the probability that exactly three of them are delivered to the correct houses?

Answer: $\frac{1}{6}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A permutation of a finite set  $S$  is a one-to-one function from  $S$  to  $S$ .  A permutation  $P$  of the set  $\{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 \}$  is called a W-permutation if  $P(1) > P(2) < P(3) > P(4) < P(5)$ .  A permutation of the set  $\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5 \}$  is selected at random.  Compute the probability that it is a W-permutation.

Answer: $2/15$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A hemisphere-shaped bowl with radius 1 foot is filled full with chocolate. All of the chocolate is then evenly distributed between 36 cylindrical molds, each having a height equal to their diameter. What is the diameter of each cylinder?

Answer: $\frac{2^{1/3}}{3}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

In a right-angled triangle $ABC$, where $AB = AC = 1$, an ellipse is constructed with point $C$ as one of its foci. The other focus of the ellipse lies on side $AB$, and the ellipse passes through points $A$ and $B$. Determine the focal length of the ellipse.

Answer: $\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

To obtain the graph of the function $y=\sin\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)$, find the transformation required to obtain the graph of the function $y=\cos\left(2x-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)$.

Answer: $\left(\frac{\pi}{12}\right)$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Define a positive integer $n$ to be a factorial tail if there is some positive integer $m$ such that the decimal representation of $m!$ ends with exactly $n$ zeroes. How many positive integers less than $2500$ are not factorial tails?

Answer: $500$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

The number $5\,41G\,507\,2H6$ is divisible by $40.$ Determine the sum of all distinct possible values of the product $GH.$

Answer: $225$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Form a four-digit number without repeating digits using the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, where the sum of the digits in the units, tens, and hundreds places is even. How many such four-digit numbers are there? (Answer with a number)

Answer: $324$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Taylor is tiling his 12 feet by 16 feet living room floor. He plans to place 1 foot by 1 foot tiles along the edges to form a border, and then use 2 feet by 2 feet tiles to fill the remaining floor area, so find the total number of tiles he will use.

Answer: $87$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

What is the total number of digits used when the first 2500 positive even integers are written?

Answer: $9449$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Convert $645_{10}$ to base 5.

Answer: $10400_5$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given $(a+i)i=b+ai$, solve for $|a+bi|$.

Answer: $\sqrt{2}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Alice cycled 240 miles in 4 hours, 30 minutes. Then, she cycled another 300 miles in 5 hours, 15 minutes. What was Alice's average speed in miles per hour for her entire journey?

Answer: $55.38$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

The ratio of a geometric sequence is an integer. We know that there is a term in the sequence which is equal to the sum of some other terms of the sequence. What can the ratio of the sequence be?

Answer: $-1$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A regular tetrahedron is formed by joining the centers of four non-adjacent faces of a cube. Determine the ratio of the volume of the tetrahedron to the volume of the cube.

Answer: $\frac{1}{3}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given vectors $\overrightarrow {m}=(\sin x，-1)$ and $\overrightarrow {n}=( \sqrt {3}\cos x，- \frac {1}{2})$, and the function $f(x)= \overrightarrow {m}^{2}+ \overrightarrow {m}\cdot \overrightarrow {n}-2$.
(I) Find the maximum value of $f(x)$ and the set of values of $x$ at which the maximum is attained.
(II) Given that $a$, $b$, and $c$ are the sides opposite to angles $A$, $B$, and $C$ of triangle $ABC$, respectively, and that they form a geometric sequence. Also, angle $B$ is acute, and $f(B)=1$. Find the value of $\frac{1}{\tan A} + \frac{1}{\tan C}$.

Answer: $\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

A student travels from his university to his hometown, a distance of 150 miles, in a sedan that averages 25 miles per gallon. For the return trip, he drives his friend's truck, which averages only 15 miles per gallon. Additionally, they make a detour of 50 miles at an average of 10 miles per gallon in the truck. Calculate the average fuel efficiency for the entire trip.

Answer: $16.67$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

If the line $x+ay+6=0$ is parallel to the line $(a-2)x+3y+2a=0$, determine the value of $a$.

Answer: $-1$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

The Gropkas of Papua New Guinea have ten letters in their alphabet: A, E, G, I, K, O, R, U, and V. Suppose license plates of four letters use only the letters in the Gropka alphabet. How many possible license plates are there of four letters that begin with either A or E, end with V, cannot contain P, and have no letters that repeat?

Answer: $84$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Using the six digits $0$, $1$, $2$, $3$, $4$, $5$, form integers without repeating any digit. Determine how many such integers satisfy the following conditions:

$(1)$ How many four-digit even numbers can be formed?

$(2)$ How many five-digit numbers that are multiples of $5$ and have no repeated digits can be formed?

$(3)$ How many four-digit numbers greater than $1325$ and with no repeated digits can be formed?

Answer: $270$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Three distinct integers, $x$, $y$, and $z$, are randomly chosen from the set $\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12\}$. What is the probability that $xyz-xy-xz-yz$ is even?

Answer: $\frac{10}{11}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Let \( f(n) = \sum_{k=2}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k^n \cdot k!} \). Calculate \( \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} f(n) \).

Answer: $3 - e$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

If $z$ is a complex number such that
\[
  z + z^{-1} = 2\sqrt{2},
\]
what is the value of
\[
  z^{100} + z^{-100} \, ?
\]

Answer: $-2$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

If a line is perpendicular to a plane, then this line and the plane form a "perpendicular line-plane pair". In a cube, the number of "perpendicular line-plane pairs" formed by a line determined by two vertices and a plane containing four vertices is _________.

Answer: $36$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Let $a$, $b$, and $c$ be three positive real numbers whose sum is 2. If no one of these numbers is more than three times any other, find the minimum value of the product $abc$.

Answer: $\frac{2}{9}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

20 shareholders are seated around a round table. What is the minimum total number of their shares if it is known that:
a) any three of them together have more than 1000 shares,
b) any three consecutive shareholders together have more than 1000 shares?

Answer: $6674$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

What is the smallest positive integer with exactly 12 positive integer divisors?

Answer: $60$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Let $\mathrm {Q}$ be the product of the roots of $z^8+z^6+z^4+z^3+z+1=0$ that have a positive imaginary part, and suppose that $\mathrm {Q}=s(\cos{\phi^{\circ}}+i\sin{\phi^{\circ}})$, where $0<s$ and $0\leq \phi <360$. Find $\phi$.

Answer: $180$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

There are  $2024$  people, which are knights and liars and some of them are friends. Every person is asked for the number of their friends and the answers were  $0,1, \ldots, 2023$ . Every knight answered truthfully, while every liar changed the real answer by exactly  $1$ . What is the minimal number of liars?

Answer: $1012$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Point P moves on the parabola $y^2=4x$, and point Q moves on the line $x-y+5=0$. Find the minimum value of the sum of the distance $d$ from point P to the directrix of the parabola and the distance $|PQ|$ between points P and Q.

Answer: $3\sqrt{2}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Given Farmer Euclid has a field in the shape of a right triangle with legs of lengths $5$ units and $12$ units, and he leaves a small unplanted square of side length S in the corner where the legs meet at a right angle, where $S$ is $3$ units from the hypotenuse, calculate the fraction of the field that is planted.

Answer: $\frac{431}{480}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

What is the ratio of the area of a regular hexagon inscribed in an equilateral triangle with side length $s$ to the area of a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle with radius $r$? Assume the height of the equilateral triangle equals the diameter of the circle, thus $s = r \sqrt{3}$.

Answer: $\dfrac{9}{16}$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

How many three-digit whole numbers have at least one 5 or consecutively have the digit 1 followed by the digit 2?

Answer: $270$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

The function $f(x)=(m^{2}-m-1)x^{m^{2}+m-1}$ is a power function, and it is decreasing on $(0,+\infty)$. Find the real number $m$.

Answer: $-1$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Let $ABCD$ and $AEFG$ be two faces of a cube with edge $AB=10$. A beam of light emanates from vertex $A$ and reflects off face $AEFG$ at point $Q$, which is 3 units from $\overline{EF}$ and 6 units from $\overline{AG}$. The beam continues to be reflected off the faces of the cube. The length of the light path from the time it leaves point $A$ until it next reaches a vertex of the cube is given by $p\sqrt{q}$, where $p$ and $q$ are integers and $q$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $p+q$.

Answer: $155$


You are a helpful assistant good at solving math problems with step-by-step reasoning. You should first thinks about the reasoning process in the mind and then provides the user with the answer. Your answer must be in latex format and wrapped in $...$.The reasoning process and answer are enclosed within <think> </think> and <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <think> Since $1+1=2$, so the answer is $2$. </think><answer> $2$ </answer>, which means your output should start with <think> and end with </answer>.

Consider three squares: $PQRS$, $TUVW$, and $WXYZ$, where each side of the squares has length $s=1$. $S$ is the midpoint of $WY$, and $R$ is the midpoint of $WU$. Calculate the ratio of the area of the shaded quadrilateral $PQSR$ to the sum of the areas of the three squares.
A) $\frac{1}{12}$
B) $\frac{1}{6}$
C) $\frac{1}{8}$
D) $\frac{1}{3}$
E) $\frac{1}{24}$

Answer: $\frac{1}{12}$