Leptoquark and vector-like quark extended models as the explanation of the muon $g-2$ anomaly
Leptoquark (LQ) models can be the solution to the $(g-2)_{\mu}$ anomaly because of the chiral enhancements. In this work, we consider the models extended by the LQ and vector-like quark (VLQ) simultaneously, which can be used to explain the anomaly because of the top quark and top partner (denoted as $T$) mixing. For the one LQ and one VLQ extended models, there are contributions from the top and $T$ quark. In the minimal LQ models, only the $R_2$ and $S_1$ representations can lead to the chiral enhancements. Here, we find one new $S_3$ solution to the anomaly in the presence of $(X,T,B)_{L,R}$ triplet. We also consider the one LQ and two VLQ extended models, which can solve the anomaly even in the absence of top interactions and mixings. Then, we propose new LQ search channels under the constraints of $(g-2)_{\mu}$. Besides the traditional $t\mu$ decay channel, the LQ can also decay into $T\mu$ final states, which will lead to the characteristic multi-top and multi-muon signals at hadron colliders.