Spectroscopic characterization of singlet-triplet doorway states of aluminum monofluoride
Aluminum monofluoride (AlF) possesses highly favorable properties for laser cooling, both via the A$^1\Pi$ and a$^3\Pi$ states. Determining efficient pathways between the singlet and the triplet manifold of electronic states will be advantageous for future experiments at ultralow temperatures. The lowest rotational levels of the A$^1\Pi, v=6$ and b$^3\Sigma^+, v=5$ states of AlF are nearly iso-energetic and interact via spin-orbit coupling. These levels thus have a strongly mixed spin-character and provide a singlet-triplet doorway. We here present a hyperfine resolved spectroscopic study of the A$^1\Pi, v=6$ // b$^3\Sigma^+, v=5$ perturbed system in a jet-cooled, pulsed molecular beam. From a fit to the observed energies of the hyperfine levels, the fine and hyperfine structure parameters of the coupled states, their relative energies as well as the spin-orbit interaction parameter are determined. The standard deviation of the fit is about 15 MHz. We experimentally determine the radiative lifetimes of selected hyperfine levels by time-delayed ionization, Lamb dip spectroscopy and accurate measurements of the transition lineshapes. The measured lifetimes range between 2 ns and 200 ns, determined by the degree of singlet-triplet mixing for each level.