Quadratic-nonlinear Landau-Zener transition for association of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate with inter-particle elastic interactions included
We study the strong coupling limit of a quadratic-nonlinear Landau-Zener problem for coherent photo- and magneto-association of cold atoms taking into account the atom-atom, atom-molecule, and molecule-molecule elastic scattering. Using an exact third-order nonlinear differential equation for the molecular state probability, we develop a variational approach which enables us to construct a highly accurate and simple analytic approximation describing the time dynamics of the coupled atom-molecule system. We show that the approximation describing time evolution of the molecular state probability can be written as a sum of two distinct terms; the first one, being a solution to a limit first-order nonlinear equation, effectively describes the process of the molecule formation while the second one, being a scaled solution to the linear Landau-Zener problem (but now with negative effective Landau-Zener parameter as long as the strong coupling regime is considered), corresponds to the remaining oscillations which come up when the process of molecule formation is over.