Distance-dependent emission spectrum from two qubits in a strong-coupling regime
We study the emission spectrum of two distant qubits strongly coupled to a waveguide by using the numerical and analytical approaches, which are beyond the Markovian approximation and the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). The numerical approach combines the Dirac-Frenkel time-dependent variational principle with the multiple Davydov $D_{1}$ ansatz. A transformed RWA (TRWA) treatment and a standard perturbation (SP) are used to analytically calculate the emission spectrum. It is found that the variational approach and the TRWA treatment yield accurate emission spectra of the two distant qubits in certain strong coupling regimes while the SP breaks down. The emission spectrum is found to be asymmetric irrespective of the two-qubit distance and exhibits a single peak, doublet, and multipeaks depending on the two-qubit distance as well as the initial states. In sharply contrast with the single-qubit case, the excited-state populations of the two qubits can ultraslowly decay due to the subradiance even in the presence of a strong qubit-waveguide coupling, which in turn yields ultranarrow emission line. Our results provide insights into the emission spectral features of the two distant qubits in the strong light-matter coupling regime.