On the characteristics of the turbulent wake behind a wall-mounted square cylinder
The turbulent flow past a wall-mounted square cylinder with an aspect ratio of four was investigated with the aid of Spalart-Allmaras improved delayed detached-eddy simulation (S-A IDDES) and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The Reynolds number was equal to 12,000 (based on the free-stream velocity and obstacle width). This study focused on analysing the vortical structure of the wake and vortex shedding process along the obstacle height. A quantitative comparison of the first and second-order flow statistics with the available experimental and direct numerical simulation data was used to validate the numerical results. The numerical model coupled with the vortex method (VM) of generating the turbulent inflow conditions could successfully reproduce the flow field around and behind the obstacle with commendable accuracy. The flow structure and vortex shedding characteristics near the wake formation region have been discussed in detail using time-averaged and instantaneous flow parameters obtained from the simulation. Dipole type mean streamwise vortex and half-loop hairpin instantaneous vortices with energetic motions were identified. A coherent shedding structure was reported along the obstacle using two-point correlations. Two types of vortex shedding intervals were identified, namely, low amplitude fluctuations (LAFs) and high amplitude fluctuations (HAFs). The POD analysis of the wake showed that for the elevations between 0.25 to 0.5 of the obstacle height, the first two POD modes represent the alternating shedding and the contribution to the kinetic energy is between 66.6% to 57.6%. A simple low-order model based on the vortex-shedding phase angle and the spectrum of the time coefficients obtained from POD was developed to predict the wake dynamics at the range of elevations where the alternating shedding is dominated.