Absorption of high-energy gamma rays in Cygnus X-3
The microquasar Cygnus X-3 was detected at high energies by the gamma-ray space telescopes AGILE and Fermi. The gamma-ray emission is transient, modulated with the orbital period and seems related to major radio flares, i.e. to the relativistic jet. The GeV gamma-ray flux can be substantially attenuated by internal absorption with the ambient X-rays. In this study, we examine quantitatively the effect of pair production in Cygnus X-3 and put constraints on the location of the gamma-ray source. Cygnus X-3 exhibits complex temporal and spectral patterns in X-rays. During gamma-ray flares, the X-ray emission can be approximated by a bright disk black body component and a non-thermal tail extending in hard X-rays, possibly related to a corona above the disk. We calculate numerically the exact optical depth for gamma rays above a standard accretion disk. Emission and absorption in the corona are also investigated. GeV gamma rays are significantly absorbed by soft X-rays emitted from the inner parts of the accretion disk. The absorption pattern is complex and anisotropic. Isotropization of X-rays due to Thomson scattering in the companion star wind tends to increase the gamma-ray opacity. Gamma rays from the corona suffer from strong absorption by photons from the disk and cannot explain the observed high-energy emission, unless the corona is unrealistically extended. The lack of absorption feature in the GeV emission indicates that high-energy gamma rays should be located at a minimum distance ~10^8-10^10 cm from the compact object. The gamma-ray emission is unlikely to have a coronal origin.