Chirality-induced helical self-propulsion of cholesteric liquid crystal droplets
We report the first experimental realization of a chiral artificial microswimmer exhibiting the helical motion. We found that a cholesteric liquid crystal droplet with a helical director field swims in a helical path driven by the Marangoni flow in an aqueous surfactant solution. We confirmed that the handedness of the droplet determines that of the helical path. This result strongly suggests that the helical motion is originated from the chirality of the cholesteric liquid crystal. To study the mechanism of the emergence of the helical motion, we propose a coupled time-evolution equations in terms of a velocity, an angular velocity and a tensor variable representing the symmetry of the helical director field of the droplet. Our model shows that the chiral coupling terms between the velocity and the angular velocity play a crucial role in the emergence of the helical swimming of the droplet.