Spectrum of weighted isometries: C*-algebras, transfer operators and topological pressure
We study the spectrum of operators $aT\in B(H)$ on a Hilbert space $H$ where $T$ is an isometry and $a$ belongs to a commutative $C^*$-subalgebra $C(X)\cong A\subseteq B(H)$ such that the formula $L(a)=T^*aT$ defines a faithful transfer operator on $A$. Based on the analysis of the $C^*$-algebra $C^*(A,T)$ generated by the operators $aT$, $a\in A$, we give dynamical conditions implying that the spectrum $\sigma(aT)$ is invariant under rotation around zero, $\sigma(aT)$ coincides with essential spectrum $\sigma_{ess}(aT)$ or that $\sigma(aT)=\{z\in \mathbb{C}: |z|\leq r(aT)\}$ is a disk. We extend classical Ruelle's result and prove that for a general expanding map $\varphi:X\to X$ and continuous $c:X\to [0,\infty)$ the spectral logarythm of a Ruelle-Perron-Frobenious operator $\mathcal{L}_cf(y)=\sum_{x\in \varphi^{-1}(y)} c(x)f(x)$ is equal to the topological pressure $P(\ln c,\varphi)$. As a consequence we get the variational principle for the spectral radius: $$ r(aT)=\max_{\mu\in \text{Erg}(X,\varphi)} \exp\left(\int_{{X}}\ln(\vert a\vert\sqrt{\varrho })\,d\mu +\frac{h_{\varphi}(\mu)}{2} \right), $$ where $\text{Erg}(X,\varphi)$ stands for ergodic Borel probability measures, $h_{\varphi}(\mu)$ is the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, and $\varrho:X\to [0,1]$ is the cocycle associated to $L$. In particular, we clarify the relationship between the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy and $t$-entropy introduced by Antonevich, Bakhtin and Lebedev.