The spherical transform of a Schwartz function on the free two step nilpotent lie group
Let $F(n)$ be a connected and simply connected free 2-step nilpotent lie group and $K$ be a compact subgroup of Aut($F(n)$). We say that $(K,F(n))$ is a Gelfand pair when the set of integrable $K$-invariant functions on $F(n)$ forms an abelian algebra under convolution. In this paper, we consider the case when $K=O(n)$. In this case, the Gelfand space $(O(n),F(n)$ is equipped with the Godement-Plancherel measure, and the spherical transform $\land:L_{O(n)}^{2}(F(n))\rightarrow L^{2}(\Delta (O(n),F(n)))$ is an isometry. I will prove the Gelfand space $\Delta (O(n),F(n))$ is equipped with the Godement-Plancherel measure and the inversion formula. Both of which have something related to its correspond Heisenberg group. The main result in this paper provides a complete characterization of the set $\varphi_{O(n)} (F(n))^{\wedge}$=$\{\widehat{f}\mid f\in \varphi_{O(n)} (F(n))\}$ of spherical transforms of $O(n)$-invariant Schwartz functions on $F(n)$. I show that a function $F$ on $\Delta (O(n),F(n))$ belongs to $\varphi_{O(n)} (F(n))^{\wedge}$ if and only if the functions obtained from $F$ via application of certain derivatives and difference operators satisfy decay conditions.