Quantum gravity and mass of gauge field: a four-dimensional unified quantum theory
We present in detail a four-dimensional unified quantum theory. In this theory, we identify three class of parameters, coordinate-momentum, spin and gauge, as all and as the only fundamental parameters to describe quantum fields. The coordinate-momentum is formulated by the general relativity in four-dimensional space-time. This theory satisfies the general covariance condition and the general covariance derivative operator is given. In an unified and combined description, the matter fields, gravity field and gauge fields satisfy Dirac equation, Einstein equation and Yang-Mills equation in operator form. In the framework of our theory, we mainly realize the following aims: (1) The gravity field is described by a quantum theory, the graviton is massless, it is spin-2; (2) The mass problem of gauge theory is solved. Mass arises naturally from the gauge space and thus Higgs mechanism is not necessary; (3) Color confinement of quarks is explained; (4) Parity violation for weak interactions is obtained; (5) Gravity will cause CPT violation; (6) A dark energy solution of quantum theory is presented. It corresponds to Einstein's cosmological constant. We propose that the candidate for dark energy should be gluon which is one of the elementary particles.