Long hauling eco-driving: heavy-duty trucks operational modes control with integrated road slope preview
In this paper, a complete eco-driving strategy for heavy-duty trucks (HDT) based on a finite number of driving modes with corresponding gear shifting is developed to cope with different route events and with road slope data. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem with respect to fuel consumption and trip duration, and solved using a Pontryagin minimum principle (PMP) algorithm for a path search problem, such that computations can be carried out online, in real-time. The developed eco-driving assistance system (EDAS) provides a velocity profile and a sequence of driving modes (and gears) recommendation to the driver, without actively controlling the HDT (human in the loop) and, in practice, allows contextual feedback incorporation from the driver for safety. Simulation results show that the developed methodology is able to provide a velocity profile for a complete route based on known road events and slope information while satisfying all truck operational constraints.