A topologically stabilized metastable fluid in a system of cylindrically confined hard spheres
Metastability in soft condensed matter systems usually results from the presence of a nucleation free energy barrier and/or slow dynamics caused by high density jamming phenomena. Here, we use molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation to show that the interactions between topological defects stabilizes a chiral helical fluid in a confined quasi-one-dimensional hard sphere fluid dramatically slowing its decay toward the equilibrium achiral fluid state. Analysis of thermodynamic, structural and dynamic properties of the system show the equation of state bifurcates continuously at intermediate pressures into two distinct branches that are accessed from different initial conditions, but terminate at the same close packed single helix in the high pressure limit. The equilibrium fluid, which forms the high pressure branch as the system is compressed from low density, is characterized by helical sections separated by randomly distributed topological defects that change the helical twist direction giving rise to an achiral fluid. The low pressure metastable branch, formed by decompressing the system from the perfect helix, is characterized by the appearance of loosely paired defects that help retain the chiral excess of the original state and stabliize the fluids until it merges continuously with the equilibrium branch at intermediate pressures.