Crack growth in heterogeneous brittle solids : Intermittency, crackling and induced seismicity
Crack growth is the basic mechanism leading to the failure of brittle materials. Engineering addresses this problem within the framework of continuum mechanics, which links deterministically the crack motion to the applied loading. Such an idealization, however, fails in several situations and in particular cannot capture the highly erratic (earthquake-like) dynamics sometimes observed in slowly fracturing heterogeneous solids. Here, we examine this problem by means of innovative experiments of crack growth in artificial rocks of controlled microstructure. The dynamical events are analyzed at both global and local scales, from the time fluctuation of the spatially-averaged crack speed and the induced acoustic emission, respectively. Their statistics are characterized and compared with the predictions of a recent approach mapping fracture onset with the depinning of an elastic interface. Finally, the overall time-size organization of the events are characterized to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the scaling laws observed in seismology.