Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful solution to adaptive control when no explicit model exists for the system being controlled. To handle uncertainty along with the lack of explicit model for the Cloud's resource management systems, this paper utilizes continuous RL in order to provide an intelligent control scheme for dynamic resource provisioning in the spot market of the Cloud's computational resources. On the other hand, the spot market of computational resources inside Cloud is a real-time environment in which, from the RL point of view, the control task of dynamic resource provisioning requires defining continuous domains for (state, action) pairs. Commonly, function approximation is used in RL controllers to overcome continuous requirements of (state, action) pair remembrance and to provide estimates for unseen statuses. However, due to the computational complexities of approximation techniques like neural networks, RL is almost impractical for real-time applications. Thus, in this paper, Ink Drop Spread (IDS) modeling method, which is a solution to system modeling without dealing with heavy computational complexities, is used as the basis to develop an adaptive controller for dynamic resource provisioning in Cloud's virtualized environment. The performance of the proposed control mechanism is evaluated through measurement of job rejection rate and capacity waste. The results show that at the end of the training episodes, in 90 days, the controller learns to reduce job rejection rate down to 0% while capacity waste is optimized down to 11.9%. 
Using IDS fitted Q to develop a real-time adaptive controller for dynamic resource provisioning in Cloud's virtualized environment