context: Larger drugs (>500 Da) can provoke a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses. This limits the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides and proteins (which are typically larger than 6000 Da). In some cases, the drug itself is not immunogenic, but may be co-administered with an immunogenic compound, as is sometimes the case for Taxol. Computational methods have been developed to predict the immunogenicity of peptides and proteins, which are particularly useful in designing therapeutic antibodies, assessing likely virulence of mutations in viral coat particles, and validation of proposed peptide-based drug treatments. Early techniques relied mainly on the observation that hydrophilic amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions than hydrophobic amino acids; however, more recent developments rely on machine learning techniques using databases of existing known epitopes, usually on well-studied virus proteins, as a training set. A publicly accessible database has been established for the cataloguing of epitopes from pathogens known to be recognizable by B cells. The emerging field of bioinformatics-based studies of immunogenicity is referred to as immunoinformatics. Immunoproteomics is the study of large sets of proteins (proteomics) involved in the immune response.
question: At what size and larger can drugs elicit a neutralizing immune response?
answers: >500 Da >500 Da >500 Da
content_span_normalized_text: larger drugs >five hundred da can provoke a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses.
question_normalized_text: at what size and larger can drugs elicit a neutralizing immune response?
context_asr: LARGER DRUGS GREATER THAN FIVE HUNDRED DEA CAN PROVOKE A NEUTRALISING IMMUNE RESPONSE PARTICULARLY IF THE DRUGS ARE ADMINISTERED REPEATEDLY OR IN LARGER DOSES THIS LIMITS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DRUGS BASED ON LARGER PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS WHICH ARE TOPICALLY LARGER THAN SIX THOUSAND DEA IN SOME CASES THE DRUG ITSELF IS NOT IMMUNOGENIC BUT MAY BE CO ADMINISTERED WITH AN IMMUNOGENIC COMPOUND AS IS SOMETIMES THE CASE FOR TAALL COMPUTATIONAL METHODS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO PREDICT THE IMMUNOGENISITY OF PAPTIDES AND PROTINS WHICH ARE PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN DESIGNING THROPETIC AND BODIES ASSESSING LIKELY VIROLENCE OF MUTATIONS IN VIRAL COT PARTICLES AND VALIDATION OF PROPOSED PAPTITE BASE DRUG TREATMENTS EARLY TECHNIQUES RELIED MAINLY ON OBSERVATION THAT HIDROILIC MINO ACIS ARE OVER REPRESENTED IN EPITOPE REGIONS THAN HIDROPIC AMNO ACIDS HOWEVER MORE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS RELY ON MACHINE LEARNING TECHNICUES USING DATA BASIS OF EXISTING KNOWN EPITOPS SUALLY ON WELL STUDIED VIROS PROTINS AS A TRAINING SET A PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE DATA BASE HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR THE CATALOGGING OF EPITOPES FROM PATOGENS KNOWN TO BE RECOGNISABLE BY BEE SELLS THE EMERGING FIELD OF BOINFROMATICS BASE STUDIES OF IMMUNO GENECITY IS REFERRED TO AS IMMUNO INFORMATIC IMUNA PRODIOMIC IS A STUDY OF LARGE SETS OF PROTEINS PRODIOMICS INVOLVED IN THE MUN RESPONSE 
question_asr: AT WHAT SIZE AND LARGER CAN DRUGS ELICIT A NEUTRALISING IMMUNE RESPONSE 