Context: By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extracts were of particular interest to surgeons as hemostatic agents and as treatment for shock, and a number of companies developed products based on adrenal extracts containing varying purities of the active substance. In 1897 John Abel of Johns Hopkins University identified the active principle as epinephrine, which he isolated in an impure state as the sulfate salt. Industrial chemist Jokichi Takamine later developed a method for obtaining epinephrine in a pure state, and licensed the technology to Parke Davis. Parke Davis marketed epinephrine under the trade name Adrenalin. Injected epinephrine proved to be especially efficacious for the acute treatment of asthma attacks, and an inhaled version was sold in the United States until 2011 (Primatene Mist). By 1929 epinephrine had been formulated into an inhaler for use in the treatment of nasal congestion.

Question: Who identified the active substance?
Answer: John Abel

Question: Who marketed epinephrine?
Answer: Parke Davis

Question: As an inhaler, what was epinephrine used to treat?
Answer: nasal congestion

Question: Who developed the method to obtain epinephrine in a pure state?
Answer: Jokichi Takamine

Question: What could epinephrine treat?
Answer: nasal congestion

Question: When did epinephrine stop being available in the United States?
Answer: 2011

Question: What trade name was epinephrine marketed under?
Answer: Adrenalin

Question: Who developed the method to get epinephrine in it's pure form?
Answer: Jokichi Takamine

Question: In what year was epinephrine discovered?
Answer: 1897

Question: What was the trade name of epinephrine?
Answer: Adrenalin

Question: Who first discovered epinephrine?
Answer: John Abel

Question: What is epinephrine used to treat?
Answer: asthma attacks

Question: In what year was Primatene Mist no longer sold in the United States?
Answer: 2011

Question: Who identified the inactive substance?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Who marketed Primatene?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What trade name was Primatene marketed under?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: As an inhaler, what was Primatene used to treat?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Who developed the method to obtain Primatene in a pure state?
Answer: Unanswerable