Context: Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine by DecoType in the 1980s and used to generate all the Arabic examples in the printed editions of the Unicode Standard), which became the proof of concept for OpenType (by Adobe and Microsoft), Graphite (by SIL International), or AAT (by Apple).

Question: What does ACE stand for? 
Answer: Arabic Calligraphic Engine

Question: Who created ACE?
Answer: DecoType

Question: When was ACE created? 
Answer: 1980s

Question: Who created OpenType?
Answer: Adobe and Microsoft

Question: Who created Graphite? 
Answer: SIL International

Question: When was OpenType created?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What does AAT stand for?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Who partnered with SIL International?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Which two companies produced DecoType?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What are two examples of scripts without orthographic rules?
Answer: Unanswerable