Context: The K-12 and higher education reform programs of the Gates Foundation have been criticized by some education professionals, parents, and researchers because they have driven the conversation on education reform to such an extent that they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy preferences. Several Gates-backed policies such as small schools, charter schools, and increasing class sizes have been expensive and disruptive, but some studies indicate they have not improved educational outcomes and may have caused harm. Peer reviewed scientific studies at Stanford find that Charter Schools do not systematically improve student performance

Question: Why were the gates foundation educational reforms critcized
Answer: they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy preferences

Question: What are several of the gates backed policies 
Answer: Several Gates-backed policies such as small schools, charter schools, and increasing class sizes

Question: Have the policies been criticized 
Answer: but some studies indicate they have not improved educational outcomes and may have caused harm

Question: What does 1 specific study of charter schools show 
Answer: Peer reviewed scientific studies at Stanford find that Charter Schools do not systematically improve student performance

Question: What do Stanford studies find that policies don't improve?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Who has criticized charter school reform programs?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Why were the scientific educational reforms criticized?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Which scientific studies have been expensive and disruptive?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What have predetermined policy preferences shown about charter schools?
Answer: Unanswerable