Context: In higher organisms (like people), these two modes of perception combine into what Whitehead terms "symbolic reference", which links appearance with causation in a process that is so automatic that both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it. By way of illustration, Whitehead uses the example of a person's encounter with a chair. An ordinary person looks up, sees a colored shape, and immediately infers that it is a chair. However, an artist, Whitehead supposes, "might not have jumped to the notion of a chair", but instead "might have stopped at the mere contemplation of a beautiful color and a beautiful shape." This is not the normal human reaction; most people place objects in categories by habit and instinct, without even thinking about it. Moreover, animals do the same thing. Using the same example, Whitehead points out that a dog "would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair and would have jumped onto it by way of using it as such." In this way symbolic reference is a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other, and that it is in fact the causal relationships that dominate the more basic mentality (as the dog illustrates), while it is the sense perceptions which indicate a higher grade mentality (as the artist illustrates).

Question: What is Whitehead's term for the two modes of perceptions combining?
Answer: symbolic reference

Question: What does symbolic reference link appearance with?
Answer: causation

Question: What dominates more basic mentality in symbolic reference?
Answer: causal relationships

Question: What does having sense perceptions conclude about a person?
Answer: higher grade mentality

Question: What is the purpose of symbolic reference?
Answer: links appearance with causation in a process that is so automatic that both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it

Question: How does Whitehead describe the process of a typical person noticing a chair?
Answer: An ordinary person looks up, sees a colored shape, and immediately infers that it is a chair

Question: How might an artist view a chair differently than a typical person?
Answer: "might have stopped at the mere contemplation of a beautiful color and a beautiful shape."

Question: How does Whitehead say a dog may interpret the presence of a chair?
Answer: "would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair and would have jumped onto it by way of using it as such."

Question: Which concept does Whitehead state is more dominant in a lower mentality?
Answer: causal relationships

Question: How does Whitehead describe the process of an atypical person noticing a chair?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question:  How might an artist view a chair the same as a typical person?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question:  How does Whitehead say a dog may not interpret the presence of a chair?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Which concept does Whitehead state is less dominant in a lower mentality?
Answer: Unanswerable