Context: The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 8859-5) and Microsoft Windows (CP1251) created chaos and ended by establishing different encodings as de facto standards, with Windows-1251 becoming a de facto standard in Russian Internet and e-mail communication during the period of roughly 1995–2005.

Question: Who created KOI8-R encoding?
Answer: the Soviet government

Question: What system used CP1251 encoding?
Answer: Microsoft Windows

Question: What systems used IBM866 encoding?
Answer: MS-DOS and OS/2

Question: What encoding did early Macs use?
Answer: ISO/IEC 8859-5

Question: In what years was CP1251 encoding used in most Russian online usage?
Answer: 1995–2005

Question: When was KO18-R designed by Microsoft?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: During what period was MS-DOS created?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What adverse event did the creation of K018-R create?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: How did the chaos created by the K018-R end?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What did K018-R become a defacto standard in?
Answer: Unanswerable