Context: Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) typically store their genomes on a single large, circular chromosome. Similarly, some eukaryotic organelles contain a remnant circular chromosome with a small number of genes.:14.4 Prokaryotes sometimes supplement their chromosome with additional small circles of DNA called plasmids, which usually encode only a few genes and are transferable between individuals. For example, the genes for antibiotic resistance are usually encoded on bacterial plasmids and can be passed between individual cells, even those of different species, via horizontal gene transfer.

Question: What are prokaryotes?
Answer: bacteria and archaea

Question: How do prokaryotes store their genomes?
Answer: on a single large, circular chromosome

Question: What type of chromosome do some eukaryotic organelles contain?
Answer: a remnant circular chromosome with a small number of genes

Question: Small circles of DNA that encode only a few genes and are transferable between individuals are called what?
Answer: plasmids

Question: What allows genes for antibiotic resistance to be passed between individual cells?
Answer: horizontal gene transfer