Context: The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted clerical subjects to be created cardinal, a so-called crown-cardinal.[citation needed]

Question: Who were generally temporal rulers?
Answer: French kings

Question: Who reasserted the earliest influence of temporal subjects?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Who did the English kings appoint to influence politically significant movement?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What tradition in England, France, and Portugal developed entitling certain political influencers to nominate their trusted subjects?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Who did not reassert themselves through the influence of cardinals?
Answer: Unanswerable