Context: Serious financial damage has been caused by security breaches, but because there is no standard model for estimating the cost of an incident, the only data available is that which is made public by the organizations involved. "Several computer security consulting firms produce estimates of total worldwide losses attributable to virus and worm attacks and to hostile digital acts in general. The 2003 loss estimates by these firms range from $13 billion (worms and viruses only) to $226 billion (for all forms of covert attacks). The reliability of these estimates is often challenged; the underlying methodology is basically anecdotal."

Question: What has caused serious financial damage?
Answer: security breaches

Question: Data made public who is available to estimate the cost of an incident?
Answer: the organizations involved

Question: What is the amount of losses estimated from worms and viruses in 2003?
Answer: $13 billion

Question: Who produces estimates of worldwide losses attributable to security breaches?
Answer: Several computer security consulting firms

Question: What is the underlying methodology of finding worldwide estimates for losses fur to security breaches?
Answer: basically anecdotal

Question: What was the loss estimated for covert attacks in 2003?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What forms of attack were responsible for the loss?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What information is used to estimate the cost of the incident?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: How wide-scale were the losses?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Why is difficult to estimate loss in this situation?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: How much did firms save in 2003 from preventing attacks?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: When was the standard model for estimating the cost of a breach established?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What data is not made public when an organization is breached?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What was the minimum estimate of losses due to security breaches in the US in 2003?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Why are loss estimates rarely challenged?
Answer: Unanswerable