Context: There are strict limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into work in a cyclic process, e.g. in a heat engine, as described by Carnot's theorem and the second law of thermodynamics. However, some energy transformations can be quite efficient. The direction of transformations in energy (what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind) is often determined by entropy (equal energy spread among all available degrees of freedom) considerations. In practice all energy transformations are permitted on a small scale, but certain larger transformations are not permitted because it is statistically unlikely that energy or matter will randomly move into more concentrated forms or smaller spaces.

Question: What states that there are strict limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into a work in a cyclic process?
Answer: Carnot's theorem

Question: What is the direction of transformations in energy?
Answer: what kind of energy is transformed to what other kind

Question: What is often determined by entropy considerations?
Answer: direction of transformations in energy

Question: Why are certain larger transformations not permitted?
Answer: because it is statistically unlikely that energy or matter will randomly move into more concentrated forms or smaller spaces

Question: What states that there are no limits to how efficiently heat can be converted into a work in a cyclic process?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What is the direction of translations in energy?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What is never determined by entropy considerations?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Why are certain larger transformations permitted?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: what is non-equal energy spread among all available degrees of freedom
Answer: Unanswerable