Context: In Eastern Christianity heresy most commonly refers to those beliefs declared heretical by the first seven Ecumenical Councils.[citation needed] Since the Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation, various Christian churches have also used the concept in proceedings against individuals and groups those churches deemed heretical. The Orthodox Church also rejects the early Christian heresies such as Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm.

Question: What area of Christianity commonly cited the first seven Ecumenical Councils in regards to heresy?
Answer: Eastern Christianity

Question: After what two events did various Christian churches also begin using the first seven Ecumenical Councils to identify heresy?
Answer: Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation

Question: What beginning Christian heresies did the Orthodox Church also reject during this time?
Answer: Arianism, Gnosticism, Origenism, Montanism, Judaizers, Marcionism, Docetism, Adoptionism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Monothelitism and Iconoclasm

Question: Who decides if a belief is heretical in the Eastern Church?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What reformation was caused by various heretical groups?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What early Christian beliefs does the Orthodox church not see as heresies?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What caused the Great Schism?
Answer: Unanswerable