Context: French political scientist Maurice Duverger drew a distinction between cadre parties and mass parties. Cadre parties were political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders, who were only required to assist in election campaigns. Mass parties tried to recruit new members who were a source of party income and were often expected to spread party ideology as well as assist in elections.Socialist parties are examples of mass parties, while the British Conservative Party and the German Christian Democratic Union are examples of hybrid parties. In the United States, where both major parties were cadre parties, the introduction of primaries and other reforms has transformed them so that power is held by activists who compete over influence and nomination of candidates.

Question: Who drew a difference between cadre parties and mass parties?
Answer: Maurice Duverger

Question: What are cadre parties?
Answer: political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders

Question: What are mass parties?
Answer: Mass parties tried to recruit new members who were a source of party income and were often expected to spread party ideology

Question: What is an example of a mass party?
Answer: Socialist parties

Question: What type of parties are the two major parties in the United States?
Answer: cadre parties

Question: What German political scientist drew a distinction between party ideology and elections?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Who was the focus of recruitment by cadre parties?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What did cadre parties expect new members to spread?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What did cadre parties expect new members to give assistance for?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What are the two major parties in France?
Answer: Unanswerable