Context: During the 18th and 19th centuries, federal law traditionally focused on areas where there was an express grant of power to the federal government in the federal Constitution, like the military, money, foreign relations (especially international treaties), tariffs, intellectual property (specifically patents and copyrights), and mail. Since the start of the 20th century, broad interpretations of the Commerce and Spending Clauses of the Constitution have enabled federal law to expand into areas like aviation, telecommunications, railroads, pharmaceuticals, antitrust, and trademarks. In some areas, like aviation and railroads, the federal government has developed a comprehensive scheme that preempts virtually all state law, while in others, like family law, a relatively small number of federal statutes (generally covering interstate and international situations) interacts with a much larger body of state law. In areas like antitrust, trademark, and employment law, there are powerful laws at both the federal and state levels that coexist with each other. In a handful of areas like insurance, Congress has enacted laws expressly refusing to regulate them as long as the states have laws regulating them (see, e.g., the McCarran-Ferguson Act).

Question: What areas of the Constitution deal with issuses such as aviation, railroads, and trademarks?
Answer: Commerce and Spending Clauses

Question: In areas of law such as insurance, there are laws refusing to regulate them as long as states have laws doing what?
Answer: regulating them

Question: What type of property are trademarks and copyrights?
Answer: intellectual property

Question: What governs things such as military, money, foreign relations, etc.?
Answer: federal law

Question: What enabled federal law to begin expanding into other areas such as avaition, telecommunications, railroads, etc.?
Answer: Commerce and Spending Clauses of the Constitution

Question: When did the Commerce and Spending Clauses of the Constitution allow federal power to begin expanding?
Answer: start of the 20th century

Question: What is a law enacted by Congress that states that it refuses to regulate some industries as long as the states have regulations in place already?
Answer: McCarran-Ferguson Act

Question: What happens when both the federal and state governments have regulations that overlap?
Answer: coexist with each other

Question: What areas of law were generally ignored in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: When did federal law lose jurisdiction over aviation?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Federal law on antitrust preempts what?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What was the name of the act that allowed for broader interpretations in the 20th century?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Employment laws has only what kind of law instead of federal?
Answer: Unanswerable