Context: There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act.  Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous, companies that do so are rewarded with tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents.

Question: What is subject to the Orphan Drug Act?
Answer: diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances

Question: What is given to companies who develop drugs for "orphan diseases"?
Answer: tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents

Question: Why are these companies rewarded?
Answer: Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous

Question: What is a term for rare diseases in some territories?
Answer: orphan diseases

Question: What size of disease populations are subject to the Orphan Drug Act?
Answer: fewer than 200,000 patients

Question: What is one financial benefit to researching orphan drugs?
Answer: tax reductions

Question: What is the length of time of market exclusivity of an orphan drug?
Answer: seven years

Question: What is subject to patients in the United States?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What is given to companies who develop rules for "orphan diseases"?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: Why are these rules rewarded?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What is a term for rare rules in some territories?
Answer: Unanswerable

Question: What size of disease populations are subject to patents?
Answer: Unanswerable