title
stringlengths 1
243
| text
stringlengths 1
349k
|
---|---|
Textile Center Building | Textile Center Building is a 12-story Gothic Revival and Italian Renaissance Revival architectural styled brick building located in the Los Angeles Fashion District. Designed by William Douglas Lee in the Gothic Revival style, the building opened in 1926 as a center for garment manufacturing. It has since been converted to condominiums.
Construction and operation
The Textile Center Building was developed by Florence C. Casler, a pioneering woman real estate developer and contractor. When the building was completed, Casler maintained her office there during the height of her career. In April 1926, the Los Angeles Times reported on the building's opening as follows:"More than 6000 people were present at the formal opening of the new Textile Center Building, the new loft building on the corner of Eighth and Maple, built and owned by Lloyd & Casler, Inc., and catering exclusively to the wholesale garment manufacturers of the city." As part of the grand opening, a fashion show was conducted featuring wearing apparel manufactured in Los Angeles. A $400,000 bond offering in May 1927 noted that the Textile Center Building had a total floor area of and was completed in January 2006 at a cost of $626,240.68. It stated that the building was 100% rented to 56 tenants with gross annual income of $92,584 against expenses of $22,394.61, for net earnings of $70,189.39.
The building was sold in 1945 for $450,000.
Conversion to loft-style condominiums
In 2005, the building was converted into loft-style condominiums. Demolition of the building's interior began in January 2005 to make way 64 condominiums and of retail space. The project was part of MJW Investments' $130 million conversion of nine former garment buildings into live/work lofts and retail space. In 2006, the Los Angeles Business Journal reported that the building was "being filled with modern loft dwellers seeking an urban lifestyle."
Historic designations
The Textile Center Building has been recognized as a historic building at both the local and national levels. In April 2002, it was designated a Historic Cultural Monument (No. 712) by the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission. And in 2005 it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
See also
List of Registered Historic Places in Los Angeles
Florence Casler
References
External links
Textile Center Building website
Category:Buildings and structures in Downtown Los Angeles
Category:Manufacturing plants in the United States
Category:Residential skyscrapers in Los Angeles
Category:Residential condominiums in the United States
Category:Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments
Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Los Angeles
Category:Commercial buildings completed in 1926
Category:1926 establishments in California
Category:1920s architecture in the United States
Category:Gothic Revival architecture in California
Category:Italian Renaissance Revival architecture in the United States
Category:Renaissance Revival architecture in California |
Thiago Alves (tennis) | Thiago Hernandez Alves (; born May 22, 1982) is a retired professional tennis player who competes mainly on the ITF Tour. His career-high singles ranking was World No. 88, achieved in July 2009.
Tennis career
In Grand Slams
He has made four Grand Slam main draw appearances, qualifying into the
U.S. Open in both 2006 and 2008, Roland Garros and Wimbledon in 2009. In 2006, he beat No. 359 Mariano Zabaleta in the first round before losing to No. 22 Fernando Verdasco in the 2nd round.
2007 Win Over Moya
At the 2007 Brasil Open, Alves, roared on by his home crowd, scored a famous victory over No. 4 seed and former French Open champion Carlos Moyà. However, he fell to Juan Mónaco in the second round
2008
Alves lost to Roger Federer in the second round of the US Open in three sets.
2009
In the first round of the Johannesburg, SA Tennis Open he lost heavily to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. He also lost in the first round of the 2009 French Open to Jérémy Chardy.
At Wimbledon he played in the first round as a lucky loser and defeated Andrei Pavel. He faced 8th seed Gilles Simon in the second round and won the first set but went on to lose.
Titles (10)
Singles (7)
Doubles (3)
Runners-up (17)
Singles (10)
Doubles (7)
External links
Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Brazilian male tennis players
Category:Sportspeople from Florianópolis
Category:People from São José do Rio Preto |
Stephen John Wooler | Stephen John Wooler CB (born 16 March 1948) is an English Barrister who was HM Chief Inspector to the Crown Prosecution Service (1999–2010).
Career
Wooler was born on 16 March 1948, the son of Herbert George Wooler and Mable Wooler. He was educated at Bedford Modern School and University College London.
In 1969, Wooler was called to the bar at Gray's Inn, initially in practice at the Common Law Bar (1970–73). In 1973 he joined the Office of Director of Public Prosecutions, eventually becoming HM Chief Inspector to the Crown Prosecution Service (1999–2010). In 2009 he was made a member of the board of the Institute of Criminal Law at University College London and, in 2005, was made Companion Order of the Bath.
In 1974 Wooler married Jonquil Elizabeth Wilmshurst-Smith. They have a son and a daughter.
References
Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath
Category:People educated at Bedford Modern School
Category:Alumni of University College London
Category:Members of Gray's Inn
Category:1948 births
Category:Living people
Category:English barristers |
Rydzów | Rydzów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mielec, within Mielec County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Mielec and north-west of the regional capital Rzeszów.
The village has a population of 348.
References
Category:Villages in Mielec County |
Why Didn't They Ask Evans? | Why Didn't They Ask Evans? is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club in September 1934 and in the United States by Dodd, Mead and Company in 1935 under the title of The Boomerang Clue.
The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) and the US edition at $2.00.
Bobby Jones finds a man dying at his local golf course. A photo he saw in the man's pocket is replaced, as police seek his identity. Bobby and his friend Lady Frances Derwent have adventures as they solve the mystery of the man's last words: "Why didn't they ask Evans?"
The novel was praised at first publication as "a story that tickles and tantalises", and that the reader is sure to like the amateur detectives and forgive the absence of Poirot. It had a lively narrative, full of action, with two amateur detectives who "blend charm and irresponsibility with shrewdness and good luck". Robert Barnard, writing in 1990, called it "Lively" but compared it to Evelyn Waugh's Vile Bodies and felt that the detectives were too much the amateurs.
Plot summary
Bobby Jones is playing golf with Dr Thomas in the Welsh seaside town of Marchbolt. Seeking the golf ball he hit over the cliff edge, he sees a man lying below. The doctor says the man is fatally injured and seeks help. Bobby stays with the man, who briefly regains consciousness, says "Why didn't they ask Evans?", and then dies. Bobby finds a photograph of a beautiful woman in the man's coat pocket, but no identification. Roger Bassington-ffrench, a stranger wearing plus fours, offers to stay with the body so Bobby can play the organ at his father's church.
The dead man is identified as Alex Pritchard by his sister, Amelia Cayman, at the inquest. She is said to be the woman in the photograph; Bobby wonders how such a beautiful girl could become such a coarse older woman. After the inquest, Mrs Cayman and her husband want to know if Pritchard had any last words. Bobby says that he did not. Later, when talking with his friend Frankie (Lady Frances Derwent), Bobby remembers that Pritchard did have last words and writes to the Caymans to tell them.
Bobby receives and rejects an unexpected job offer from a firm in Buenos Aires. Soon afterwards Bobby nearly dies after drinking from a poisoned bottle of beer. The local police do not pursue this. Frankie thinks Bobby is targeted for murder. Bobby agrees when he sees the issue of the local paper with the photograph used to find Pritchard's sister. Bobby sees that it is not the one he found in the dead man's pocket. He and Frankie realise that Bassington-ffrench swapped the photographs and that Mrs Cayman is not related to the dead man at all. Bobby and Frankie search for Bassington-ffrench. They trace him to Merroway Court in Hampshire, owned by Roger's brother and sister-in-law, Henry and Sylvia. They stage a car accident outside the house with the help of a doctor friend so that Frankie, feigning injury, will be invited to stay to recover. Frankie produces a newspaper cutting about the mysterious dead man; Sylvia remarks that he looks like Alan Carstairs, a traveller and big-game hunter who was a friend of John Savage, a millionaire who had killed himself after learning he had terminal cancer.
Frankie meets two neighbours of the Bassington-ffrenches – Dr Nicholson and his younger wife, Moira. Dr Nicholson runs a local sanatorium. Frankie gets Bobby to investigate the establishment. On the grounds at night, Bobby encounters a girl who says that she fears for her life; she is the original of the photograph that Bobby found in the dead man's pocket. Several days later, Moira Nicholson turns up at the local inn where Bobby stays in his disguise as Frankie's chauffeur. She says her husband is trying to kill her and says she knew Alan Carstairs before her marriage to the doctor. Bobby introduces her to Frankie. Moira suggests they ask Roger if he took the photograph from the body of the dead man. Roger admits that he took the photo, recognising Moira and wanting to avoid scandal for her. Frankie leaves after Henry is found dead in his home, an apparent suicide.
Interested in the will of the late John Savage, Frankie consults her family's solicitor in London and learns that Carstairs consulted him too. Savage was staying with Mr and Mrs Templeton when he became convinced he had cancer, although one specialist told him he was perfectly well. When he died by suicide, his will left seven hundred thousand pounds to the Templetons, who have apparently since left England. Carstairs was on their trail when he was killed. Bobby is kidnapped and Frankie is lured to the same isolated cottage by Roger. They manage to turn the tables on him with the timely arrival of Badger Beadon and find a drugged Moira in the house. When the police arrive, Roger has escaped.
Bobby and Frankie trace the witnesses to the signing of John Savage's will. They are the former cook and gardener of Mr and Mrs Templeton. Mr Templeton is also known as Mr Leo Cayman. The cook says that Gladys, the parlourmaid, was not asked to witness the will, made the night before Savage died. Frankie realises that the cook and gardener did not see Mr Savage before the signing, while the parlourmaid did and would have realised that it was Roger in the "deathbed" who wrote the will and not Mr Savage. The parlourmaid is Gladys Evans, hence the reason for Carstairs' question, "Why didn't they ask Evans?"
Tracing the parlourmaid, they discover she is now the married housekeeper at Bobby's home. Carstairs was trying to find her. Returning to Wales, they find Moira, who claims she is being followed by Roger and has come to them for help. Frankie is not deceived and spoils Moira's attempt to poison their coffee. Moira was Mrs Templeton and is Roger's co-conspirator. Moira then attempts to shoot Frankie and Bobby in the café when she is exposed, but is overpowered and arrested. Several weeks later, Frankie receives a letter from Roger, posted from South America, in which he confesses to murdering Carstairs, murdering his brother, and conspiring in all of Moira's past crimes. Bobby and Frankie realise they are in love and become engaged.
Characters
Robert "Bobby" Jones: fourth son of the Vicar of Marchbolt, 28 years old, living at the vicarage
Lady Frances "Frankie" Derwent: daughter of Lord Marchington
Dr Thomas: golfing partner of Bobby
The Vicar of Marchbolt: Bobby's father
Alex Pritchard: man who died on the cliffs near Marchbolt, revealed to be Alan Carstairs, a friend of John Savage
Mr Leo and Mrs Amelia Cayman: supposed brother-in-law and sister of Alex Pritchard
"Badger" Beadon: stammering friend of Bobby and owner of a garage in London, briefly a schoolmate with Roger Bassington-ffrench
George Arbuthnot: doctor and a friend of Frankie
Henry Bassington-ffrench: wealthy Englishman who lives in Merroway Court in Hampshire, lately a drug addict, who was murdered by his brother
Sylvia Bassington-ffrench: American wife of Henry who takes a liking to Frankie
Thomas Bassington-ffrench: their young son
Roger Bassington-ffrench: Henry's scheming and murdering brother
Dr Nicholson: Canadian owner of a sanatorium near Merroway Court
Moira Nicholson: his wife; also Mrs Templeton
John Savage: millionaire big-game hunter who stayed with the Templetons and was murdered by Roger Bassington-ffrench and never had cancer
Mr and Mrs Templeton: friends of John Savage at the end of his life; Mr Templeton is Leo Cayman
Mrs Rivington: friend of John Savage who knows Sylvia Bassington-ffrench, and brought Mr Carstairs to dinner at her home
Gladys Roberts: former parlourmaid to Mr and Mrs Templeton when she was Gladys Evans, now staff with her husband to the Vicar of Marchbolt
Rose Pratt: former cook to Mr and Mrs Templeton and witness to the last will of "John Savage" (impersonated by Roger)
Albert Mere: former gardener to Mr and Mrs Templeton and witness to the last will of "John Savage" (impersonated by Roger)
Allusions to real people
The name of the novel's hero – Bobby Jones – is the same as that of the American golfer who was at the height of his fame at the time of publication. The first chapter introduces "Bobby Jones" playing golf; when his stroke scuds disappointingly along the ground, the narrative explains this Bobby is not the American master.
Reception
The Times Literary Supplement (27 September 1934) concluded favourably, "Mrs Christie describes the risks (Bobby Jones and Frankie Derwent) ran in her lightest and most sympathetic manner, playing with her characters as a kitten will play with a ball of wool, and imposing no greater strain on her readers than the pleasure of reading at a sitting a story that tickles and tantalises but never exhausts their patience or ingenuity".
Isaac Anderson in The New York Times Book Review (18 September 1935) concluded, "Frankie and Bobby are not nearly so brilliant as amateur detectives usually are in books, but you are sure to like them, and you may even be able to forgive Agatha Christie for leaving out Hercule Poirot just this once."
The Observer (16 September 1934) started off by saying that, "there is an engaging zest about Agatha Christie's latest novel" and concluded that, "the narrative is lively" and "the story is full of action."
Milward Kennedy in his review in The Guardian of 21 September 1934 said after summarising the set-up of the plot that, "Poirot has no part in this book; instead, a young man and a young woman who blend charm and irresponsibility with shrewdness and good luck contrive amusingly and successfully to usurp the functions of the police. The fault which I find is the overimportance of luck. For the villains it was, for example, singular good luck which enabled them to discover and identify an obscure vicar's fourth son asleep on a solitary picnic; it was very bad luck for them that he was able to assimilate a sixteenth times fatal dose of morphia. They were lucky, again, in having always at hand just the properties required to make an extempore murder seem something else; and as for the Bright Young Couple – but these are defects which are little noticeable in the gay stream of Mrs Christie's narrative. Perhaps I should not have noticed them had I not read the book so quickly that, in a secluded village, there was nothing for it next day but to read it again with a sterner eye but no less enjoyment."
Robert Barnard wrote of the book in 1980 that it was "Lively, with occasional glimpses of a Vile Bodies world, though one short on Waugh's anarchic humour and long on snobbery ('Nobody looks at a chauffeur the way they look at a person')." His critique was that the novel was "Weakened by lack of proper detective: the investigating pair are bumbling amateurs, with more than a touch of Tommy and Tuppence"
Publication history
1933, The McCall Company (abridged version as part of Six Redbook Novels), 1933
1934, Collins Crime Club (London), September 1934, Hardcover, 256 pp (priced at 7/6 – seven shillings and sixpence)
1935, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), 1935, Hardcover, 290 pp as The Boomerang Clue (priced at $2.00).
1944, Dell Books (New York), Paperback, (Dell number 46 [mapback]), 224 pp
1956, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 192 pp
1968, Greenway edition of collected works (William Collins), Hardcover, 288 pp
1968, Greenway edition of collected works (Dodd Mead and Company), Hardcover, 288 pp
1974, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 394 pp
1968, Pan Books, Paperback,
The novel was first published in the US in the Redbook magazine in a condensed version in the issue for November 1933 (Volume 62, Number 1) under the title The Boomerang Clue with illustrations by Joseph Franké. This version was then published in Six Redbook Novels by The McCall Company in 1933, prior to the publication of the full text by Dodd Mead in 1935. The other five condensed novels in this volume were The Thin Man by Dashiell Hammett, The Figure in the Fog by Mignon G. Eberhart, The Cross of Peace by Philip Gibbs, White Piracy by James Warner Bellah and Parade Ground by Charles L Clifford.
Book dedication
The dedication of the book reads:
"To Christopher Mallock
in memory of Hinds"
The Mallock family were friends of Christie's from the years before her first marriage. They staged amateur theatricals at their house, Cockington Court, near Torquay in which Christie, managing to overcome her usual crippling shyness, took part. The allusion to Hinds is unknown.
Dustjacket blurb
The blurb on the inside flap of the dustjacket of the first UK edition (which is also repeated opposite the title page) reads:"Believe it or not, Bobby Jones had topped his drive! He was badly bunkered. There were no eager crowds to groan with dismay. That is easily explained – for Bobby was merely the fourth son of the Vicar of Marchbolt, a small golfing resort on the Welsh coast. And Bobby, in spite of his name, was not much of a golfer. Still, that game was destined to be a memorable one. On going to play his ball, Bobby suddenly came upon the body of a man. He bent over him. The man was not yet dead. "Why didn't they ask Evans?" he said, and then the eyelids dropped, the jaw fell... It was the beginning of a most baffling mystery. That strange question of the dying man is the recurring theme of Agatha Christie's magnificent story. Read it and enjoy it."
International titles
This novel has been translated to various languages other than its original English. Twenty-six are listed here, some published as recently as 2014. This is in keeping with the author's reputation for being the most translated author.
Bulgarian: Защо не повикаха Евънс? /Zashto ne povikaha Evans?/
Catalan: La cursa del bumerang translator Esteve Riambau, 1996, Barcelona: Columna
Chinese: 悬崖上的谋杀 /Xuan ya shang de mou sha translators Lisidi Ke, Gang Ye, 2010, Beijing: Ren min wen xue chu ban she
Czech: Proč nepožádali Evanse?
Danish: Hvorfor spurgte de ikke Evans? translator Michael Alring, 1999, Copenhagen: Peter Asschenfeldts nye Forlag
Dutch: Waarom Evans niet?
Estonian: Miks nad ei kutsunud Evansit?
Finnish: "Askel tyhjyyteen" translator Kirsti Kattelus, 1989, Helsinki: WSOY
French: Pourquoi Pas Evans ? translator Jean Pêcheux, 2014, Paris: Éditions France loisirs
German: Ein Schritt ins Leere, translator Otto Albrecht van Bebber, 2005, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag
Greek: Οκτώ κόκκοι μορφίνης
Hungarian: Miért nem szóltak Evansnek?
Italian: Perché non l'hanno chiesto a Evans?
Japanese: 謎のエヴァンズ殺人事件 /Nazo no evuanzu satsujin jiken translator Tadae Fukizawa, 1989, Shinjuku: Shinchosha Publishing
Norwegian: Hvorfor spurte de ikke Evans?
Polish: Dlaczego nie Evans? translator Katarzyna Kasterka, 2014, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie
Portuguese (Brazil): Por que não pediram a Evans?
Portuguese (Portugal): Perguntem a Evans
Romanian: De ce nu i-au cerut lui Evans
Russian: Почему не Эванс /Potchemu ne Evans?/ translator not known, 1998, Warszawa: Proszynski i S-ka
Serbian: Zašto nisu pitali Evansa?, translator Tea Jovanović, 2008, Beograd: Mladinska knjiga
Slovak: Prečo nepožiadali Evans?
Slovene: Zakaj ne Evans? translator Zoja Skušek, 2012, Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga
Spanish: Trayectoria de boomerang
Swedish:
Turkish: Ceset dedi ki ... translator Gönül Suveren, 1980s, İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar Yayınevi
Adaptations
1980 television adaptation
Why Didn't They Ask Evans was adapted by London Weekend Television and transmitted on 30 March 1980. Before this production, there had been relatively few adaptations of Christie's work on the small screen as it was a medium she disliked and she had not been impressed with previous efforts, in particular a transmission of And Then There Were None on 20 August 1949 when several noticeable errors went out live (including one of the "corpses" standing up and walking off set in full view of the cameras). By the 1960s she emphatically refused to grant television rights to her works.
After Christie's death in 1976, her estate, principally managed by her daughter Rosalind Hicks, relaxed this ruling and Why Didn't They Ask Evans was the first major production that resulted. Evans attracted large audiences and satisfactory reviews, but more importantly, it demonstrated to television executives that Christie's work could be successful for the small screen given the right budgets, stars and attention to detail – Agatha Christie's Partners in Crime, Miss Marple with Joan Hickson (who had a minor role in Evans), Agatha Christie's Poirot with David Suchet and Marple with Geraldine McEwan, until her retirement, and now with Julia Mackenzie, can all trace their style and successes back to this 1980 adaptation.
Given a generous budget of one million pounds, a large sum for the time, it had an all-star cast and a three-month shooting and videotaping schedule. Problems were encountered during the 1979 ITV strike which lasted three months and led to replacement production personnel when the strike ended, including a second director. The original intention was that the 180-minute teleplay would be transmitted as a three-part "mini-serial", but ITV then decided to show it as a three-hour special with maximum publicity, especially for Francesca Annis in the role of Frankie (Annis was a major name in UK television at the time, having played the title role in Lillie, the story of Lillie Langtry, two years before).
The production was faithful to the plot and dialogue of the book. Two notable changes were made. The first is the recognition in the isolated cottage that Dr Nicholson is Roger Bassington-ffrench in disguise. In the novel, it is Bobby who recognises the deception as the man's ear-lobes are different from those of the doctor whom he had glimpsed previously. In the adaptation, Frankie witnesses one of Nicholson's patients attacking him in the sanatorium when his face is badly scratched. In the cottage, she realises the scratches have disappeared. The second change comes at the end when, instead of writing to Frankie from South America, Roger lures her to a deserted Merroway Court, makes much the same confession as appears in the book's letter and tells her he loves her, asking her to join him. When she refuses, he locks her in a room of the house (to be freed by Bobby the next day) but does not harm her as he makes his escape abroad. The production was first screened on US television as part of Mobil Showcase on 21 May 1981, introduced by Peter Ustinov.
Adaptor: Pat Sandys
Executive Producer: Tony Wharmby
Producer: Jack Williams
Directors: John Davies and Tony Wharmby
Artwork: John Tribe
Principal Cast:
Francesca Annis as Lady Frances (Frankie) Derwent
Leigh Lawson as Roger Bassington-ffrench
James Warwick as Bobby Jones
Connie Booth as Sylvia Bassington-ffrench
John Gielgud as Reverend Jones
Bernard Miles as Dr Thomas
Eric Porter as Dr Nicholson
Madeline Smith as Moira Nicholson
Doris Hare as Rose Pratt
Joan Hickson as Mrs Rivington
Roy Boyd as Alan Carstairs
James Cossins as Henry Bassington-ffrench
Robert Longden as Badger Beadon
2008 television adaptation
Patrick Barlow loosely reworked Christie's novel as a two-hour television film starring Julia McKenzie as Miss Marple, who does not appear in the original novel. It was first transmitted on Wednesday, 15 June 2011, on ITV1. Among the major changes to the plot:
Miss Marple is portrayed as a friend of Bobby's mother (Bobby's father does not appear), and joins the investigation masquerading as Frankie's governess.
The time period of the book is shifted from the early 1930s to the late 1950s to match the timeframe used by the rest of the ITV Marple series.
The characters of Leo Cayman, Amelia Cayman, Badger Beadon, Henry Bassington-ffrench, Vicar Jones and Dr Thomas are omitted.
Thomas Bassington-ffrench is a small boy in the novel, but in the film he is a cold and introverted teenager.
New characters and subplots are introduced, including Sylvia's two children Tom and Dorothy Savage, Wilson the butler, Commander Peters and Claude Evans. Evans, portrayed as an orchid-grower and a friend of the Savages, is murdered to throw Bobby, Frankie and Miss Marple off the track.
Sylvia Bassington-ffrench and Alan Carstairs undergo name changes to become Sylvia Savage and John Carstairs, respectively. Sylvia becomes a drug addict in this version, her fixes supplied by Dr Nicholson.
John Savage (called Jack in this adaptation) is made into Sylvia's husband, who is murdered before the film begins.
Bobby does not find the body whilst playing golf; he is taking a walk across the cliff. The attempt on his life is by running his bicycle off the road rather than a poisoned beer.
Roger's role in the household is changed: Instead of being Sylvia's brother-in-law, he is the piano player at Castle Savage, and since the Caymans are deleted and there is no photograph for him to take from Carstairs' body, he is not present when the body is discovered.
The motive for the murders is changed: Roger and Moira are revealed to be brother and sister, children of Sylvia from her first marriage, to Jack Savage's brother George. Jack and Sylvia began an affair while the brothers were living in China shortly before the beginning of World War II, and Jack had his brother, a vocal opponent of the Japanese, murdered. As the war intensified, Jack returned to England with Sylvia but forced her to leave her children behind, where Roger was placed in an orphanage and Moira, it is implied, was used as a "comfort girl" by the Japanese army. The denouement is changed; Moira and Roger are interrupted in an attempt to kill Sylvia by injecting her with poison, but are surprised by the other suspects. During the ensuing struggle, Tom shoots Roger, and Wilson kills Moira by injecting her with the poison she intended for Sylvia.
The Castle Savage scenes were largely filmed at Loseley Park near Guildford — a 16th-century stately home in Surrey belonging to the More-Molyneux family.
The cast for this adaptation included:
Julia McKenzie as Miss Marple
Sean Biggerstaff as Bobby Attfield
David Buchanan as John Carstairs
Siwan Morris as Florrie
Helen Lederer as Marjorie Attfield
Georgia Tennant as Frankie Derwent
Samantha Bond as Sylvia Savage
Richard Briers as Wilson
Freddie Fox as Tom Savage
Rik Mayall as Alec Nicholson
Hannah Murray as Dorothy Savage
Rafe Spall as Roger Bassington
Natalie Dormer as Moira Nicholson
Warren Clarke as Commander Peters
Mark Williams as Claud Evans
References
External links
Category:1934 British novels
Category:British novels adapted into films
Category:Collins Crime Club books
Category:Novels adapted into television programs
Category:Novels by Agatha Christie
Category:Novels first published in serial form
Category:Novels set in Wales
Category:Works originally published in Redbook |
Hermann Max | Hermann Max (born 1941 in Goslar) is a German choral conductor.
In 1977 he founded the Jugendkantorei Dormagen, which in 1985 became the basis of the Rheinische Kantorei and Das Kleine Konzert. In 1992 he founded the Knechtsteden Early Music Festival.
The Rheinische Kantorei and Das Kleine Konzert under Max have a discography of over 100 recordings focussing on the German choral repertory, particularly the Bach family: J. S. Bach, W. F. Bach, W. F. E. Bach, J. C. F. Bach, J. C. Bach, C. P. E. Bach, the distantly related J. L. Bach, and the last of the composing Bachs J. M. Bach the Younger, as well as Telemann, Graupner, Hummel, Naumann, Andreas Romberg, Johann Heinrich Rolle and others.
References
Category:1941 births
Category:Living people
Category:German conductors (music)
Category:German male conductors (music)
Category:21st-century conductors (music)
Category:21st-century German male musicians |
2006 Georgia's 8th congressional district election | Georgia's 8th congressional district election, 2006 was between Democratic incumbent Jim Marshall and Republican congressman Mac Collins, resulting in a narrow victory for Marshall.
Redistricting
A Republican mid-decade redistricting made this Macon-based district more compact and somewhat more Republican. Democratic incumbent Jim Marshall faced a very tough challenge by former Congressman Mac Collins, who represented an adjoining district from 1993 to 2005. Less than 60 percent of the population in Marshall’s present 3rd District was retained in the new 8th District. The reconfigured 8th includes Butts County, the political base of his opponent, former Congressman Mac Collins, who once served as chairman of the county commission. On the other hand, the 8th also includes all of Macon, where Marshall served as mayor from 1995–99.
The race
The race featured heavy spending, not only by the candidates themselves, but from independent groups. During the campaign, President George W. Bush attended a rally to try to help Collins. Marshall won reelection by some 1,700 votes.
History of competitive elections
Marshall was first elected to Congress in 2002, winning by only 50.5% to 49.5%. In 2004, he was reelected with 63%. In 2008 Marshall won a 57%-43% race. He lost his bid for reelection in 2010, when he received only 47% of the vote. For many years, Georgia's 8th congressional district was one of the most competitive House districts in the nation.
See also
References
United States House of Representatives 08
2006 08
Georgia 08 |
1976 Golden Helmet (Poland) | The Golden Helmet () is an annual motorcycle speedway event, and has been organized by the Polish Motor Union (PZM) since 1961. Currently the race is held in PC Team 3rd from last season (previously Wrocław), with the top twelve riders in the Extraleague and the top four riders in the First League.
1976 Golden Helmet season was the 16th since its establishment.
Calendar
Final classification
References
Roman Lach - Polish Speedway Almanac
See also
1976 in sports
1976
Helmet |
Hamelin Island | Hamelin Island lies north of Cape Hamelin, just out to sea from the former Hamelin Bay Jetty, on Hamelin Bay, on the south west coast of Western Australia, about 7 km north of Cape Leeuwin.
The location of the island, and its protection of part of the anchorage from prevailing weather and winds was observed very early in the twentieth century.
Rabbits
A Western Mail (Western Australia) Christmas edition of 1930 has a photograph of the island, and calls it Rabbit Island. Which relates to the 22 July 1911 article cited above - Leeuwin Land, which stated that:
The Hamelin Bay was the site of many wrecks, however less have occurred on the island. One was in December 1933 of the fishing boat Toba.
Light
In 1935 the Island automatic light was planned and proposed, to assist navigators in the area of Cape Leeuwin for a successful negotiation of the journey rounding at the Leeuwin area.
The automatic light was constructed in 1937 - 1938.
The light house was re-located in 1967, to higher ground behind Cape Hamelin on the mainland.
Notes
Category:Islands of the South West (Western Australia)
Category:Nature reserves in Western Australia
Category:Hamelin Bay, Western Australia
Category:Lighthouses in Western Australia
Category:Lighthouses completed in 1938 |
Nyctibatrachus beddomii | Nyctibatrachus beddomii (common names: Beddome's night frog, pigmy wrinkled frog, Beddome's dwarf wrinkled frog, and Tirunvelveli's hill frog) is a species of frog in the family Nyctibatrachidae. The epithet or specific name, beddomii, honors Colonel Richard Henry Beddome (1830-1911), British naturalist and military officer.
Size
Adult can length up from 13 – 18 mm.
Geographic range
It is endemic to southern Western Ghats of India.
Habitat
Nyctibatrachus beddomii are semi-terrestrial frogs found in the leaf-litter but also under rocks and logs in evergreen and semi-evergreen moist and deciduous forests. The small sized frog is commonly seen in swampy areas and shallow waterlogged areas along forest streams. Call is a faint 'tink-tink' repeated several times, largely at night.
Conservation status
It is threatened by habitat loss caused by logging and clearing for agriculture. It listed as Endangered species by IUCN.
References
External links
Category:Nyctibatrachus
Category:Frogs of India
Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Category:Amphibians described in 1882 |
A Street in Palermo | A Street in Palermo () is a 2013 Italian drama film written and directed by Emma Dante. It was screened in the main competition section at the 70th Venice International Film Festival. Elena Cotta won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress.
Cast
Emma Dante as Rosa
Alba Rohrwacher as Clara
Elena Cotta as Samira
Renato Malfatti as Saro Calafiore
Dario Casarolo as Nicolò
Carmine Maringola as Filippo Mangiapane
Sandro Maria Campagna as Santo
References
External links
Category:2013 films
Category:2013 drama films
Category:Albanian-language films
Category:Italian films
Category:Italian drama films
Category:Italian-language films
Category:Films set in Palermo |
Dichelopa pachydmeta | Dichelopa pachydmeta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on the Marquesas Archipelago in French Polynesia.
References
Category:Moths described in 1928
Category:Dichelopa |
2008 GCC U-17 Championship | The GCC U-17 Championship was played for the 5th time in 2008.
The championship was held in Saudi Arabia.
Only 4 nations participated, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman and Bahrain. The nations used it as preparation for the upcoming AFC Youth Championship.
Participating Nations
Bahrain
Oman
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Fixtures & Results
Final Group
Winners
Awards
See also
Football at the Southeast Asian Games
AFC
AFC Asian Cup
East Asian Cup
Arabian Gulf Cup
South Asian Football Federation Cup
West Asian Football Federation Championship
Gulf Cup Of Nations
2008
Category:GCC U-17 Championship
Category:2008 in youth association football |
Seropi | SEROPI (Service Robot Platform Initiative) is a wheel based humanoid robot developed by KITECH (Korea Institute of Industrial Technology).
Since SEROPI has a human-friendly shape, it can effectively work within a human-friendly working space for visitor guidance, errand, and guard. SEROPI consists of three DOFs (Degree Of Freedom) of the neck, three DOFs of the waist, six DOFs of the two arms, and one DOF of the knee. Because of these joint structures, SEROPI can flexibly grip an object on a table or floor with the three fingers and transfer the object to some place. It is also self-balancing and move as a quick human walking. In the future, SEROPI could be used as a service robot platform equipped with touch sensors such that SEROPI can more safely perform the services like guidance, errand, and guard in a human-interactive environment such as a place of business or an exhibition hall.
Specifications
Dimension: 450x1250x450 mm (WHD)
Weight: 55 kg
DOF: Hand 2DOF, Arm 6×2DOF, Waist 3DOF, Knee 1DOF, Neck 3DOF
Moving Velocity: Maximum 2 m/s
Working Area: from ground to eyesight
Hand Payload: 1 kg
Equipped Sensors: IR sensors, Scanning laser range finder, Force sensor, Force/Torque sensor, stereo vision, INS
Functions and features
Prevention of collision with men or objects by using 3-dimensional space perception sensors
Large working (including the ground) area by using diverse and multiple joints like waist and knee
Balance control by using the whole body coordination and the four load-cell sensors at the bottom of the mobility
Fast movement using four wheel mobility instead of biped walking
Diverse human-robot interactions by using voice, object recognition, face recognition, conversation, handshaking, etc.
Software architecture
Three-layered software architecture, which can provide flexibility, maintainability, reusability and scalability is used when an effective robot software design is needed. The HAL (Hardware Abstract Layer) provides a relatively uniform abstraction for aggregates of underlying hardware such that the underlying robotic hardware is transparent to the robot control software. This robot control software can be written in a hardware independent manner.
References
Category:Humanoid robots
Category:Rolling robots
Category:Robots of South Korea
Category:2000s robots |
Jensen Lewis | Jensen Daniel Lewis (born May 16, 1984) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and a current baseball analyst with FOX Sports.
Career
Amateur
Lewis attended Vanderbilt University, and in 2003 and 2004 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League.
Cleveland Indians
Jensen was selected 102nd overall at the 2005 MLB Draft. After spending the first half of the season with Cleveland's minor league teams, the Akron Aeros and Buffalo Bisons, Lewis was called up to the Indians on July 13, , and made his Major League Baseball debut against the Chicago White Sox three days later. Lewis would earn his first big league victory throwing three scoreless innings of relief against the Detroit Tigers on September 18. Lewis served as the Indians closer in August and September , converting all 13 of his save opportunities.
On July 20, 2010, Lewis was designated for assignment to make room for Asdrúbal Cabrera on the active roster. On July 21, Lewis was placed back on the 40-man roster and optioned to the Triple-A Columbus Clippers.
After a difficult 2011 spring training in which he allowed 10 runs on 13 hits in 5 2/3 innings, Lewis was outrighted to Columbus on March 22. He was released on June 24, after recording a 5.14 ERA in 28 innings while with Columbus.
Lewis signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks on November 29, 2011 and spent the 2012 season with the Reno Aces, the Diamondbacks' AAA affiliate. He signed a minor league contract with the Chicago Cubs in December 2012. The Cubs released Lewis in April 2013 after five games with the AAA Iowa Cubs, ending his professional career.
Sports analyst
In 2015 Lewis became the pregame/postgame analyst for Cleveland Indians games on SportsTime Ohio, and has three Lower Great Lakes Emmy Awards to his credit as part of the Indians Live pregame/postgame show.
References
External links
Category:1984 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Cincinnati
Category:Major League Baseball pitchers
Category:Baseball players from Ohio
Category:Cleveland Indians players
Category:Mahoning Valley Scrappers players
Category:Akron Aeros players
Category:Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Category:Kinston Indians players
Category:Columbus Clippers players
Category:Reno Aces players
Category:Iowa Cubs players
Category:Falmouth Commodores players |
Tashi Wangmo | Tashi Wangmo is a Bhutanese politician who has been an appointed member of the National Council of Bhutan, since May 2018. Previously, she was an appointed member of the National Council of Bhutan from 2008 to 2013 and again from 2013 to 2018.
References
Category:Members of the National Council (Bhutan)
Category:Bhutanese women in politics
Category:1973 births
Category:Living people |
Lola LC91 | The Lola LC91 was a Formula One car designed by Eric Broadley for use in the 1991 Formula One season by the Larrousse team. It was powered by the 3.5L Ford DFR V8. The car was driven by Japanese driver Aguri Suzuki and Frenchman Éric Bernard.
Race history
The LC91 made its debut at the 1991 United States Grand Prix driven by Éric Bernard and Aguri Suzuki. Bernard qualified 19th and Suzuki 21st. In the race, Bernard's engine blew and Suzuki finished 6th. At the Brazilian Grand Prix Bernard qualified 11th and Suzuki 17th, but the Japanese driver did not start the race due to fuel pump failure and the Frenchman retired with a broken radiator. The San Marino Grand Prix saw Bernard qualify 17th and Suzuki 20th. However, Suzuki spun off in the wet conditions and retired and the Frenchman retired when his engine blew. At Monaco Bernard qualified 21st and Suzuki 19th, but the Japanese driver's engine failed and the Frenchman finished ninth. The Canadian Grand Prix saw Bernard qualify 19th and Suzuki 22nd, but Suzuki retired when a fuel leak caused a fire and Bernard retired with a broken gearbox.
The Mexican Grand Prix saw Bernard qualify 18th and Suzuki 19th, But the latter retired with a broken gearbox. The French Grand Prix saw Bernard qualify 22nd and Suzuki 23rd, transmission failure took them both out. The British Grand Prix saw Bernard qualify 22nd and Suzuki 23rd, but the Japanese driver retired after colliding With Jean Alesi's Ferrari and the Frenchman retired with transmission failure. The German Grand Prix saw Bernard qualify 25th and Suzuki 22nd, but the Japanese driver retired when his engine blew and the Frenchman retired with transmission failure. The Hungarian Grand Prix saw Bernard qualify 21st and Suzuki 22nd, but both retired with engine failure.
At the Belgian Grand Prix Suzuki failed to qualify; Bernard qualified 20th and retired with a broken gearbox. At Monza Suzuki again failed to qualify but Bernard started 24th and retired with engine failure. The Portuguese Grand Prix saw Bernard fail to qualify, partially due to a bereavement, Suzuki qualified 25th and retired with transmission failure. The Spanish Grand Prix saw Suzuki fail to qualify, Bernard qualified 23rd and retired when he collided with Thierry Boutsen's Ligier. The Japanese Grand Prix saw Bernard break his leg in the first practice session and thus not take any further part in the race. Suzuki qualified 25th and disappointed his home crowd when his engine blew. The Australian Grand Prix saw Bertrand Gachot replace Bernard, but he and Suzuki failed to qualify.
Complete Formula One results
(key)
References
LC91 |
Jamalpur Sadar Upazila | Jamalpur Sadar () is an Upazila of Jamalpur District in the Division of Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Geography
Jamalpur Sadar is located at . It has 102,578 households and a total area of 489.56 km².
Demographics
According to the 1991 Bangladesh census, Jamalpur Sadar had a population of 501,924, of whom 263,338 were aged 18 or over. Males constituted 51.47% of the population, and females 48.53%. Jamalpur Sadar had an average literacy rate of 27.6% (7+ years), against the national average of 32.4% .
Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO): Mohammad Abdul Salam
Jamalpur Sadar has 19 Unions/Wards, 374 Mauzas/Mahallas, and 333 villages.
See also
Upazilas of Bangladesh
Districts of Bangladesh
Divisions of Bangladesh
Narayanganj-Bahadurabad Ghat Line
References
Category:Upazilas of Jamalpur District |
Stary Czachulec | Stary Czachulec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Malanów, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Malanów, south-west of Turek, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
The village has a population of 239.
References
Stary Czachulec |
PixL | PixL is an independent American television channel that broadcasts commercial-free films and miniseries targeted at families. The network debuted on December 7, 2010 on the Dish Network satellite system. Sky Angel added the channel on June 27, 2011.
References
External links
PixL HD
Category:Television channels and stations established in 2010
Category:Commercial-free television networks
Category:Movie channels
Category:American television networks
Category:Christian television networks |
List of universities in Laos | This is the list of universities and colleges in Laos.
Champasack University - Champassak Province
Lao-Korean College
National University of Laos - Vientiane Capital
Rattana Business Administration College (RBAC) - Vientiane Capital, Business School
Savannakhet University - Savannakhet Province
Souphanouvong University - Luang Prabang Province
University of Health Sciences - Vientiane Capital, under Ministry of Health
Vientiane - Hanoi Friendship Technical Vocational College - Vientiane Capital
Former
Sisavangvong University
Lao-Korean College
Universities
Laos
*
Laos |
Rasta (Mandaeism) | "Every Mandaean must own a simple white ceremonial garment, called a rasta. It must be worn during most baptismal rites, religious ceremonies, and during periods of uncleanliness. It signifies the purity of the world of light. The rasta is worn equally by the laypersons and the priests. If a Mandaean dies in clothes other than a rasta, it is believed that they will not reenter the "World of Light"," unless the rite "Ahaba d Mania" ('Giving of Garments') be performed "for those who have died not wearing the ritual garment."
The rasta is expected to be transmuted after death into a "garment of glory" for the soul ("the Perfecter of Souls ... will come out toward you and clothe your soul in a garment of radiance") – this is equivalent to the perispirit.
A Mandaic hymn states :
"I became a garment to the worlds of Light ...
As for the chosen righteous, who put me on (as a garment),
their eyes were filled with Light."
Notes
Category:Mandaeism |
Oedogonium | Oedogonium is a genus of filamentous, free-living green algae, first discovered in the fresh waters of Poland 1860 by W. Hilse and later named by German scientist K. E. Hirn. The morphology of Oedogonium is unique, with an interior and exterior that function very differently from one another and change throughout its life cycle. These protists reside in freshwater ecosystems in both hemispheres and are both benthic and planktonic in nature. Forming algal patches on water's surface, they interact closely with a multitude of other algae. These filamentous cell's life cycles include both sexual and asexual reproduction, depending on life cycle stage. Although quite common, Oedogonium is difficult to identify, since key ID factors are only present during reproduction, which is an uncommon life stage among this genus. Oedogonium has been found to be important in the fixation of heavy metals in freshwater ecosystems.
Etymology
Although K.E. Hirn was the first to publish concerning Odeogoniales, it is not clear as to whether he was the first to discover this new genus. First named Oedogoniaceen (German), Hirn used his knowledge of the Latin language to describe and name the green algal genus; oedos meaning swelling/tumor, and gonos meaning offspring/seed. This name was meant to describe the morphology during sexual and asexual reproduction which he saw and described within his publication, “Monographie und iconographie der Oedogoniaceen”.
History of Knowledge
Oedogonium species were first reported in the late 19th century by Hilse (1860), Gołowin (1964), Kirchner (1878), Kozłowski (1895) and Gutwiński (1897). Hilse was a Polish phycologist who studied freshwater systems in hopes of learning more about microorganisms and how they interacted with their environment. Along with Oedogonium, Hilse is also credited with the discovery and classification of many diatoms. Mrozińska was the first to exam this group in terms of morphology, ecology and distribution and in his time described more than 400 species – mainly from southern Poland.
In 1900, German scientist K.E. Hirn wrote a monograph concerning his finding of a new taxon, to which he promptly gave the name Oedogoniaceen – now Oedogonium. This paper was published and translated 60 years later. Hirn discovered Oedogonium in a ditch, appearing from June – October, but not much else is known as this was his only published contribution and he died in 1907 (7 years following his discovery). Since this 1900 monograph, this taxon has been vital in ongoing studies regarding biosorption of heavy metals – particularly lead – from fresh water ecosystems. Identification of species within Oedogonium is extremely difficult since I.D. factors are mainly based on reproductive characters, and very rarely are species in this genus discovered in their reproductive state. For the most part they exist in a filamentous form.
In 1991 a paper by Mrozińska presented a new taxonomic classification of the genus Oedogonium and a proposed division into two sections: I. Monospermatozoideae and II. Dispermatozoideae. These sections were based on the different number of spermatozoids the antheridial (male sex organ containing) cell expresses. This classification is not widely accepted, as it still requires support through further studies.
Morphology
Exterior
Cells of the genus Oedogonium are narrow and cylindrical in shape. The algal body consists of green, un-branched, and multi-cellular filaments, arranged end to end. Every cell of the filamentous algal body (called the thallus) is similar in shape apart from the apical cell (the uppermost) and the holdfast cell (the lowermost). The apical cell is wider and always rounded at its tip (having a cap) relative to the other cells of the thallus. The holdfast cell, however, produces elongated growths from both unattached sides which aid in firmly attaching the filament to substrate. The holdfast is also the only colourless cell of the filament. All other cells in the filament exist as green structures very similar in nature, with only some cells having caps. The number of caps per cell illustrates the number of times that cell has divided. Every cell of the filament has a cell wall consisting of three layers – the innermost is made of cellulose, the middle of pectose, and the outermost is made of chitin. These three layers provide rigidity and protection for these benthic species. Most cells are attached to the substrate by the holdfast and are vegetative cells, although some are free-floating.
Species of Oedogonium are divided into two major groups based on distribution of the sex organs: macrandous and nannandrous species. Macrandous species have a male sex organ (the antheridia) and female sex organ (the oogonia) produced on filaments of normal size. This group is further subdivided into macrandous monoecious and macrandous dioecious. In macrandous monoecious species, the antheridia and oogonia are always found on the same filament. In contrary, in macrandous dioecious species, the antheridia and oogonia are produced on different filaments. Although filaments bearing antheridia and oogonia are morphologically similar, they differ physiologically. In nannandrous species, filaments producing antheridia and oogonia show morphological distinction. The antheridia, which are much smaller than the oogonia, are called dwarf male. Nannandrous species are always dioecious; i.e. antheridia and oogonia are always produced on different filaments. Small male filaments are likely to be attached to a female filament, near an oogonium.
Interior
The protoplasm of Oedogonium is contained by a plasma membrane, and consists of a single nucleus, reticulate chloroplasts, cytoplasm and a central vacuole. Cell sap (contained by the central vacuole) is made up of inorganic compounds, excretions and secretions. Between the innermost cell wall and the central vacuole is a thin layer known as the protoplast. The single nucleus is large and oval shaped and sits in the centre of the cell – usually along the membrane and internal to the chloroplast. This large nucleus contains 1-2 nucleoli and elongated chromosomes. The reticulate, parietal chloroplast extends over the whole interior of the cell, enveloping the protoplast. Whether these networked strands are narrow or broad varies between species, but with most species these reticula are parallel to the long axis of the cell. At the strand junctions are pyrenoids, covered in starch plates.
Cells of Oedogonium also contain very typical Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.
Habitat and Ecology
Oedogonium resides in freshwater ecosystems and prefers stagnant waters, such as small ponds, pools, roadside ditches, marshes, lakes, and reservoirs. It grows over a large pH range (7.3-9.6) and presents a wide tolerance to variation in nutrient type and amount in water. Cells exist either fastened to substrate at the bottom of the water system or free-floating within. When free-floating they form polyalgal patches (mats) on the water's surface to establish a relatively static habitat. Mats are created by interweaving multiple different algal filaments that are suspended in a gelatinous matrix. This matrix is a result of secretions by free floating thalli. Benthic cells are most often juvenile filaments and once matured they tend to let go, float to the top and form the mats. Oedogonium filaments typically appear during the warmer months, appearing at the end of June (north of the equator), and throughout July and August are found prevalent in polyalgal mats. Mats formed by Oedogonium are multi-species, associated with Spirogyra, Rhizoclonium, and Cladophora. Together these species use holdfast cells to grip one another in order to photosynthesize. These mats/patches are also known as algal blooms.
Life Cycles
Asexual Reproduction
Oedogonium can reproduce asexually by fragmentation of the filaments, germination of aplanospores and akinetes, and through zoospores. In fragmentation, the filament splits apart and each fragment reproduces to form a fully functioning thallus. Splitting can occur more than once at the same position of the filament, explaining why some cells have more than one cap. The splitting of fragmentation may or may not be intentional – it could occur due to natural damage by the environment or predators.
Asexual reproduction via zoospore is also very common and occurs in vegetative (benthic) cells. Vegetative cells produce zoosporangia – the enclosure in which spores are formed – which give rise to the zoospores. Each zoospore has a small hyaline anterior region, and at the base of this region is a ring of flagella (~150). Once emerged from the zoosporangium, a zoospore is still enveloped by a fragile vesicle, from which it is soon discharged. Following dispersal, the zoospore experiences a short period of motility in which it searches for a substrate. When attached to a substrate, the ring of flagella is lost, and the zoospore begins dividing to form a new filament.
Germination of aplanospores and akinetes is uncommon but possible. An aplanospore is non- motile and formed within a vegetative cell, the wall of which is distinct from that of the parent cell. Under certain unfavourable conditions, aplanospores will secrete thick walls around them and store abundant food reserves. An akinete spore is large, non-motile, and thick walled, the wall of which is fused to that of the parent cell. Akinetes thick cell walls are enriched in food materials. Both aplanospores and akinetes are able to withstand unfavourable habitual conditions (cold, winter months or nutrient poor waters) and within these conditions remain dormant. With the onset of favourable conditions (such as warm winter months), they can germinate to form a new individual.
As these processes are all forms of asexual reproduction, they do not produce genetic diversity in the offspring. Therefore, asexual reproduced Oedogonium are more vulnerable to changing environments.
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction in Oedogonium is oogamous; and can be monoecious or dioecious. Species may either be macrandrous (lacking dwarf males) or nannandrous (possessing dwarf males). Dwarf males are small, short, antheridium-producing filaments attached near the oogonia (female sex organ). These dwarf males are derived by repeated cell division of multiflagellate androspores. When an oogonial mother cell divides it forms a swollen oogonium bound by a supporting cell. Oogonial cells may exist in a series along the filament, and so division may also occur in a series; resulting in each oogonium containing a single egg. Production of an egg causes swelling of the cell wall, responsible for the name given by Hirn in 1900 – oedos (swelling) and gonos (seed/offspring). Antheridia are short and disk-shaped, containing 1 to 2 multi-flagellated sperm cells. Motile male gametes will exit the antheridia and are chemotactically attracted to oogonia. A single sperm cell will pass through a pore opening in the oogonial cell wall, allowing fertilization. Zygotes (oospores) are initially green but will gradually become an orange-red colour and develop a thick multilayered cell wall with species specific surface adornments. Meiosis occurs in the zygote prior to germination, producing four multi-flagellated cells after germination. Once freed from the oogonium, each daughter cell is only motile for a short period of time. All four cells may eventually attach to a substrate and then divide repeatedly to form new Oedogonium filament.
The life cycle of Oedogonium is haplontic. The egg from the oogonia and the sperm from the antheridia fuse and form a zygote which is diploid (2n). The zygote then undergoes meiosis and reproduces asexually to form the filamentous green alga which is haploid (1n).
Genetics
Oedogonium nuclear genomes are rather unexceptional, and genome size and organisation remain largely unstudied within its phylum.
Oedogonium contain chloroplast with very distinct genome architecture. This genome is 196,547bp in length, and is the most compact among photosynthetic chlorophytes. It has a nonconforming quadripartite structure, with 17 group I and 4 group II introns – making it incredibly intron-rich. It has four long open reading frames (ORFs), containing 99 different conserved genes. Two of these ORFs showed high similarities to genes not usually found in cpDNA (chloroplast DNAs).
The chloroplastic genome of Oedogonium reveals character evidence for a close alliance between the OCC clade. Although more data is required to validate these findings, there molecular signatures are strong supports for this dichotomy and for the branching of Oedogonium as the earliest-diverging lineage of the OCC clade.
Practical Importance
Recent studies from 2007 onwards have revealed that Oedogonium cells have a maximum high heavy metal absorption capacity (qe). The major mechanism of the lead–absorption interaction has been found to be ionic interactions and complex formation between metal cations and ligands contained within the structure of Oedogonium filaments. The biosorption of heavy metal ions by the Oedogoniales occur in two stages; an initial rapid uptake due to surface adsorption on the three major cell wall components, and then a subsequent slow uptake due to membrane transport of metal ions to the cytoplasm of the cells. The three cell surfaces of an Oedogonium filamentous cell consist of polysaccharides, proteins and lipids which provide several functional groups capable of binding to heavy metal ions.
Oedogonium are readily available, non-toxic microorganisms which may be cultivated and/or cultured easily.
Due to their position at the surface, algal blooms can block out the sunlight from other organisms and deplete oxygen levels in the water during peak summer months. Each alga included in the bloom is short-lived, and this results in a high concentration of dead organic matter. The decay process consumes dissolved oxygen in the water, resulting in hypoxic conditions. Without enough dissolved oxygen in the water, animals and plants may die off in large numbers. When blooms are in effect, removing these cells has a positive effect on their ecosystem and may be dried and used to effectively absorb harmful heavy metals from other freshwater systems such as industrial wastes.Oedogonium can also significantly clog irrigation canals when growth on concrete surfaces becomes excessive due to high levels of benthic filaments. Removal of Oedogonium from clogged irrigation canals can also prove to be cost effective as they may once again be dried and used for absorption of heavy metals.
Species List
This is a list of all accepted Oedogonium species:
A
Oedogonium abbreviatum (Hirn) Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium ackleyae Tiffany
Oedogonium acmandrium Elfving ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium acrospirum Skuja, 1949
Oedogonium acrosporum De Bary ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium aculeatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium acuminatum (Hirn) Tiffany
Oedogonium acutum (West & G.S.West) Tiffany
Oedogonium aequale (Hassall) Kützing
Oedogonium affine Kützing
Oedogonium affine (Hassall) Kützing
Oedogonium agrarium H.-Z.Zhu, 1979
Oedogonium ahlstrandii Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium ahmadii Farooq & Faridi
Oedogonium ahmedabadense Kamat
Oedogonium alatum (Hassall) Kützing, 1849
Oedogonium alatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium albertii Gauthier-Lièvre
Oedogonium allorgeanum Lacerda
Oedogonium alpinum Kützing
Oedogonium alsium Skuja
Oedogonium alternans Wittrock & P.Lundell ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium amagerense Hallas
Oedogonium ambiceps (Jao) Tiffany
Oedogonium americanum Transeau, 1917
Oedogonium amplius (W.R.Taylor) Tiffany
Oedogonium amplum Magnus & Wille, 1884
Oedogonium amurense Skvortzov
Oedogonium anastomosans C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium andinum Tutin
Oedogonium angustissimum West & G.S.West ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium angustistomum Hoffman, 1967
Oedogonium annulare Gonzalves & Jain, 1970
Oedogonium anomalum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium antillarum P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
Oedogonium apiculatum Wolle
Oedogonium aquaticum Kamat, 1963
Oedogonium archerianum Cooke
Oedogonium arcyosporum Nordstedt, 1900
Oedogonium areolatocostatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium areolatofaveolatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium areolatum Lagerheim ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium areolatum (Singh) Mrozinska, 1985
Oedogonium areoliferum (C.-C.Jao) Tiffany, 1937
Oedogonium areschougii Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium argenteum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium armigerum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium armoricanum Villeret
Oedogonium arnoldii Kiselev
Oedogonium arnoldii Roll
Oedogonium ashihoense Skvortzov
Oedogonium ashihoense Skvortzov & Noda
Oedogonium aster Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium aureum (Tilden) Tiffany
Oedogonium australianum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium autumnale Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium aveirense Lacerda
B
Oedogonium baginiense Mrozinska-Webb, 1976
Oedogonium bahusiense Nordstedt ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium bancroftii Stephen Skinner & Timothy John Entwisle|Entwisle, 2006
Oedogonium bathmidosporum Nordstedt
Oedogonium bayanhaoteense C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium bengalense Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium berolinense Wittrock
Oedogonium bharatense Gonzalves & Sonnad
Oedogonium bharuchae Kamat
Oedogonium biforme Nordstedt ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium bohemicum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium bombycinum (Bory) Montagne
Oedogonium boreale Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium borgei (Hirn) Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium borisianum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium borisii (Lecl.) Kützing
Oedogonium boscii Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium bourrellyanum Villeret, 1951
Oedogonium boyanum Claassen
Oedogonium brasilense Borge ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium braunii Kützing ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium breve C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium brevicingulatum C.-C.Jao, 1935
Oedogonium brevifilum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium brittonii Tiffany, 1936
Oedogonium broterianum Lacerda, 1945
Oedogonium brunelii Gonzalves & Jain
C
Oedogonium caespitosum P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
Oedogonium calcareum Cleve & Wittrock, 1900
Oedogonium calcareum Ripart, 1876
Oedogonium calliosporum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium calosporum Hirn
Oedogonium calosporum C.C.Jao, 1936
Oedogonium calvum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium calyptratum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium canadense (Tiffany) Tiffany
Oedogonium candollei Kützing
Oedogonium cantonense S.-H.Ley, 1949
Oedogonium capense Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium capillaceum Kützing
Oedogonium capillare Kützing ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium capilliforme Kützing ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium capitellatum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium capricornicum Stephen Skinner & Timothy John Entwisle|Entwisle, 2006
Oedogonium carbonicum Wittrock
Oedogonium cardiacum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium caricosum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium carinatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium carolinianum Tiffany
Oedogonium catenatum H.-Z.Zhu, 1964
Oedogonium catenulatum Kützing
Oedogonium catenulum Kützing
Oedogonium cearense Tiffany, 1937
Oedogonium cerasinum Stephen Skinner & Entwisle, 2006
Oedogonium chapmanii Tiffany
Oedogonium charkoviense Arnoldi & Y.V.Roll, 1939
Oedogonium chengkiangense C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium chowdarii J.P.Keshri, 2012
Oedogonium chungkingense (C.-C.Jao) C.-C.Jao, 1936
Oedogonium ciliare de Notaris
Oedogonium ciliatum Pringsheim ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium circinatum Tiffany
Oedogonium circumlineatum M.E.Britton
Oedogonium circumplicatum Margalef
Oedogonium citriforme Hallas
Oedogonium clavatum Hallas, 1905
Oedogonium cleveanum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium cloverae Lillick
Oedogonium collinsii Tiffany
Oedogonium columbianum (G.West) Tiffany
Oedogonium commune (Hirn) Tiffany
Oedogonium completum (Hirn) Tiffany
Oedogonium compressum (Hassall) Kützing
Oedogonium concatenatum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium confertum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium conflectum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium congolense Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium consociatum Collins & Hervey, 1917
Oedogonium constrictum C.-C.Jao, 1976
Oedogonium contortum Hallas, 1905
Oedogonium corrugatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium costatosporum C.-C.Jao, 1934
Oedogonium costatum Transeau, 1930
Oedogonium costulatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium crassidens C.-C.Jao, 1936
Oedogonium crassiusculum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium crassum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium crenulatocostatum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium crenulatum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium cribbianum Stephen Skinner & Entwisle, 2006
Oedogonium crispulum Wittrock & Nordstedt
Oedogonium crispum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium croasdalea C.C.Jao
Oedogonium croasdaleae C.C.Jao
Oedogonium croceum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium cryptoporum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium curtum Wittrock & P.Lundell ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium curvum Pringsheim ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium cuspidatum Kützing
Oedogonium cuvieri (Le Clerc) Kützing
Oedogonium cyathigerum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium cyclostomum Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium cylindricum C.-C.Jao, 1942
Oedogonium cylindrosporum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium cymatosporum Wittrock & Norstedt, 1900
D
Oedogonium dacchense Islam & Sarma, 1963
Oedogonium danicum Hallas, 1905
Oedogonium dawsonii Prescott, 1957
Oedogonium debaryanum Chmielevsky
Oedogonium decaryi Gauthier-Lièvre
Oedogonium decipiens Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium delacerdanum Villeret, 1951
Oedogonium delicatulum Kützing
Oedogonium demaretianum Compère, 1976
Oedogonium densioculum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium densum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium dentireticulatum C.-C.Jao, 1936
Oedogonium dentireticulosporum Gonzalves & Jain
Oedogonium depressum Pringsheim ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium desikacharyi Khan & Kukreti
Oedogonium desikacharyi Gonzalves & Jain
Oedogonium detonii González Guerrero
Oedogonium de-tonii P.González, 1964
Oedogonium dictyosporum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium didymosporum Montagne
Oedogonium didymum Novis
Oedogonium dimorphum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium dioicum H.J.Carter ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium dioicum Pétrovsky
Oedogonium diplandrum Jurányi
Oedogonium discretum Tiffany, 1951
Oedogonium dissimile C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium diversum (Hirn) Tiffany
Oedogonium doliiforme C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium donnellii Wolle ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium drouetii Tiffany
Oedogonium dubium Kützing
Oedogonium dubium (Hassall) Kützing
Oedogonium dungchwanense C.-C.Jao, 1979
E
Oedogonium echinatum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium echinatum H.C.Wood
Oedogonium echinospermum A.Braun ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium echinospirale Lacerda, 1946
Oedogonium echinosporum A.Braun
Oedogonium elegans Kützing, 1849
Oedogonium elegans West & G.S.West, 1902
Oedogonium elegans Skvortzov, 1946
Oedogonium ellipsoideum R.N.Singh
Oedogonium ellipsosporum R.N.Singh, 1938
Oedogonium eminens (Hirn) Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium epiphyticum Transeau & Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium epiphyticum Skvortzov
Oedogonium epiphyticum Skvortzov & Noda
Oedogonium erceense Villeret
Oedogonium eremitum Hallas
Oedogonium eriense Tiffany, 1936
Oedogonium erythrospermum Montagne
Oedogonium estarrejae Lacerda
Oedogonium euganeorum Wittrock
Oedogonium excavatum C.-C.Jao, 1934
Oedogonium excentriporum (C.-C.Jao) Tiffany, 1937
Oedogonium excisum Wittrock & P.Lundell ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium excitans H.Szymanska
Oedogonium exiguum Elfving
Oedogonium exile Ley
Oedogonium exmonile Tiffany
Oedogonium exocostatum Tiffany, 1921
Oedogonium exospirale Tiffany, 1924
Oedogonium exostriatum Tiffany
Oedogonium exoticum (Hirn) Tiffany
F
Oedogonium fabulosum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium fallax Skvortzov
Oedogonium fallax Skvortzov & Noda
Oedogonium fanii C.-C.Jao, 1938
Oedogonium fasciatum (Hassall) Kützing, 1849
Oedogonium fasciculare P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
Oedogonium fasciculum H.-Z.Zhu, 1964
Oedogonium fecundum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium fennicum (Tiffany) Tiffany
Oedogonium figueirense Lacerda
Oedogonium figuratum Tiffany, 1936
Oedogonium fioniae Hallas
Oedogonium flavescens Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium flexuosum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium fluitans P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
Oedogonium fonticola A.Braun ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium fontinale
Oedogonium formosum Kamat
Oedogonium fossum Skvortzov & Noda
Oedogonium foveolatum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium fragile Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium franconicum O.Bock & W.Bock, 1954
Oedogonium frankilianum
Oedogonium franklinianum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium fremyi Gauthier-Lièvre, 1963
Oedogonium fructiferum Skvortzov & Noda
Oedogonium fructum Leiblein
Oedogonium fugacissimum (Roth) Rabenhorst
Oedogonium fuscescens (Kützing) Kützing
Oedogonium fuscolutescens Sprée
Oedogonium fuscum C.E.Taft
Oedogonium fusus Hallas, 1905
G
Oedogonium gallaecicum Margalef
Oedogonium gallicum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium gelatinosum Kamat
Oedogonium gemelliparum Pringsheim
Oedogonium geminatum Kamat
Oedogonium geniculatum Hirn ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium giganteum Kützing ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium glabrum Hallas, 1905
Oedogonium glabrum Randhawa, 1936
Oedogonium globosum Nordstedt ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium goniatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium gonzalvesiae Islam & P.Sarma
Oedogonium gonzalvesiae Khan & Kukreti
Oedogonium gorakhporense R.H.Singh
Oedogonium gracile Kützing
Oedogonium gracilius Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium gracillimum Wittrock & P.Lundell ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium grande Kützing ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium granulosporum Lacerda
Oedogonium gujaratense Kamat, 1962
Oedogonium gunnii Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
H
Oedogonium haimenense C.-C.Jao, 1938
Oedogonium hallasiae Tiffany
Oedogonium hanchwanense C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium hardyi Stephen Skinner & Entwisle, 2006
Oedogonium harjedalicum Cedergren
Oedogonium hatei Kamat, 1963
Oedogonium heilungkiangense C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium heimii Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium henriquesii Lacerda
Oedogonium heterogonium Kützing
Oedogonium hians Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium hindustanense Kamat, 1963
Oedogonium hirnii Gutwinski ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium hispidum Nordstedt ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium hoehnei Borge, 1925
Oedogonium hoersholmiense Hallas, 1905
Oedogonium holsaticum Kützing
Oedogonium howei Tiffany, 1936
Oedogonium hsinganicum Skvortzov & Noda
Oedogonium hsingianicum Skvortzov
Oedogonium huillense West & G.S.West
Oedogonium humbertii Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium humile C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium hunanense C.-C.Jao, 1938
Oedogonium huntii H.C.Wood ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium hystricinum Transeau & Tiffany, 1919
Oedogonium hystrix Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
I
Oedogonium ibadanense Gauthier-Lièvre
Oedogonium idioandrosporum (Nordstedt & Wittrock ex Hirn) Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium illinoisense Transeau, 1914
Oedogonium ilsteri Skuja, 1934
Oedogonium imahorii Kamat
Oedogonium implexum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium inaequale (Hassall) Kützing
Oedogonium inaequale H.C.Wood, 1869
Oedogonium incertum Tiffany
Oedogonium inclusum Hirn
Oedogonium inconspicuum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium incrassatum Hallas ex Andersen, 1945
Oedogonium indianense Britton & B.M.Smith, 1935
Oedogonium indicum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium inerme Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium infimum Tiffany
Oedogonium infirmum Tiffany, 1924
Oedogonium inflatum Hallas, 1905
Oedogonium inframediale C.-C.Jao, 1935
Oedogonium insigne Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium intermedium Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium inversum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium iowense Tiffany, 1924
Oedogonium irregulare Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium ituriense Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium itzigsohnii De Bary ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium iyengarii Gonzalves & Jain
J
Oedogonium jaoi Tiffany
Oedogonium jaoi Mrozinska
Oedogonium jharkhandense P.Mahato & A.K.Mahato
Oedogonium jordanovii Vodenicharov
K
Oedogonium keralense N.A.Erady & K.Rajappan
Oedogonium khannae Skuja, 1949
Oedogonium kiangchwanense C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium kiayuanense C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium kirchneri Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium kirtikarii Kamat, 1963
Oedogonium kitutae G.S.West, 1907
Oedogonium kjellmanii Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium koechlinii Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium kolhapurense Kamat, 1963
Oedogonium kozminskii Prescott
Oedogonium kufferathii Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium kunmingense H.-Z.Zhu, 1964
Oedogonium kurzii Zeller ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium kushmiense R.N.Singh
Oedogonium kwangsiense C.-C.Jao, 1947
Oedogonium kwangtungense S.-H.Ley, 1949
L
Oedogonium lacustre (Hassall) Rabenhorst
Oedogonium laetevirens P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan, 1878
Oedogonium laetevirens Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium laetivirens P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
Oedogonium laeve Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium lageniforme Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium lagerheimii Wittrock
Oedogonium lagerstedetii Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium lagerstedtii Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium landsboroughii Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium lanternoides C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium laporteanum M.E.Britton
Oedogonium laschii Rabenhorst
Oedogonium laticircellum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium latiusculum Tiffany, 1924
Oedogonium latviense (Tiffany) Tiffany
Oedogonium lautumniarium
Oedogonium lautumniarum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium leiopleurum Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium leiriense Lacerda
Oedogonium lemmermannii Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium lindmanianum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium lisbonense Lacerda, 1949
Oedogonium londinense Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium longatum Kützing ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium longiarticulatum (Hansgirg) Tiffany
Oedogonium longicolle Nordstedt ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium longipilum C.-C.Jao, 1937
Oedogonium longisporum Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium longum (Transeau) Tiffany
Oedogonium lopesianum Lacerda
Oedogonium lorentzii Wille
Oedogonium loricatum Hirn ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium louisianense Taft, 1946
Oedogonium lucens Zanardini
Oedogonium luisierianum Lacerda, 1958
Oedogonium lusitanicum Lacerda
M
Oedogonium macrandrium Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium macrandrum Wittrock
Oedogonium macrospermum West & G.S.West ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium macrosporum P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
Oedogonium magnusii Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium maharastrense Kamat, 1963
Oedogonium majus (Hansgirg) Tiffany
Oedogonium mammiferum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium manschuricum Skvortzov, 1926
Oedogonium margaritiferum Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium marinum Kützing
Oedogonium martinicense Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium mattiei Claassen
Oedogonium matvienkoi Y.V.Roll, 1948
Oedogonium maximum West & G.S.West, 1901
Oedogonium mediale Tiffany, 1937
Oedogonium megaporum
Oedogonium megasporum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium meneghinianum Kützing
Oedogonium meridionale Arnoldi & Y.V.Roll, 1939
Oedogonium mesianum Claassen
Oedogonium mesoreticulatum J.P.Keshri, 2012
Oedogonium mesospirale R.N.Singh
Oedogonium mexicanum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium michiganense Tiffany, 1927
Oedogonium micraster C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium microdictyon C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium microgonium Prescott, 1944
Oedogonium midnapurense J.P.Keshri, 2012
Oedogonium minisporum Taft, 1939
Oedogonium minus Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium minutum Kützing
Oedogonium mirabile H.C.Wood, 1869
Oedogonium mirandrium Skuja, 1927
Oedogonium mirificum H.-Z.Zhu, 1964
Oedogonium mirpurense Islam, 1965
Oedogonium mitratum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium moebiusii Skinner & Entwisle, 2006
Oedogonium monile Berkeley & Harvey ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium moniliforme Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium monodii Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium montagnei Fiorini-Mazzanti ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium muelleri (Hassall) Kützing
Oedogonium multiplex Skvortzov
Oedogonium multiplex Skvortzov & Noda
Oedogonium multisporum H.C.Wood ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium muratii Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium murense Lazar
Oedogonium mutabile C.-C.Jao, 1979
N
Oedogonium nagii Chaudhuri
Oedogonium nankingense C.-C.Jao, 1937
Oedogonium nanum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium nebraskense Ohashi, 1926
Oedogonium neomitratum C.C.Jao
Oedogonium nigeriense Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium nigrum Lacerda, 1946
Oedogonium nitellae H.-Z.Zhu, 1964
Oedogonium nitidum C.-C.Jao, 1947
Oedogonium nobile Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium nodosum Kützing
Oedogonium nodulosum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium nordstedtii Wittrock
O
Oedogonium obesum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium oblongellum Kirchner, 1900
Oedogonium oblongum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium obovatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium oboviforme Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium obpyriforme C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium obsidionale Cornu
Oedogonium obsoletum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium obtruncatum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium occidentale (Hirn) Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium ocellatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium ochroleucum (Berk.) Kützing
Oedogonium octagonum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium oelandicum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium operculatum Tiffany, 1936
Oedogonium opisthostomum Skuja, 1949
Oedogonium orientale C.-C.Jao, 1934
Oedogonium orientale (Skvortzov) Skvortzov
Oedogonium ornatum Hirn, 1896
Oedogonium ornatum Arnoldi & Y.V.Roll, 1939
Oedogonium oryzae Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium ouchitanum C.E.Taft, 1935
Oedogonium ovatum (Hassall) Kützing
Oedogonium oviforme Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium ovoidosporum Arnoldi & Y.V.Roll, 1939
Oedogonium oyei Kamat, 1963
P
Oedogonium pachyandrium Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pachydermum Wittrock & P.Lundell ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pakistanense Islam & P.Sarma, 1963
Oedogonium palaiense Chacko
Oedogonium pallidum Kützing
Oedogonium paloense M.E.Britton, 1948
Oedogonium paludosum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pandeyi J.P.Keshri, 2012
Oedogonium paradoxum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium paraguayense Tiffany
Oedogonium parasiticum (cag) Rabenhorst
Oedogonium parreticulatum C.C.Jao
Oedogonium parthasarathii P.Sarma, D.Mukherjee & A.K.Chakrabarty
Oedogonium parvulum Kützing
Oedogonium parvulum Wodenitscharov
Oedogonium parvum C.-C.Jao, 1936
Oedogonium patulum Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium paucicostdtum
Oedogonium paucocostatum Transeau, 1914
Oedogonium paucostriatum Tiffany
Oedogonium paulense Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium peipingense C.-C.Jao, 1935
Oedogonium perpusillum Skvortzov
Oedogonium perreticulatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium perspicuum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium petri Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium philippinense M.E.Britton, 1948
Oedogonium pilbaranum Stephen Skinner & Entwisle, 2006
Oedogonium piliferum Auerswald
Oedogonium piliferum Wittrock
Oedogonium pilosporum West ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pisanum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pitotianum Gauthier-Lièvre
Oedogonium placentulum Skvortzov
Oedogonium placentulum Skvortzov & Noda
Oedogonium plagiostomum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium plicatulum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pliciferum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium plurisporum Arnoldi & Roll
Oedogonium plurisporum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium plusiosporum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pluviale Nordstedt ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium poecilosporum Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium polistandrium H.-Z.Zhu, 1979
Oedogonium polyandrium Prescott
Oedogonium polymorphum Wittrock & Lundell
Oedogonium polyspermum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium porrectum Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium praelongum Hallas, 1945
Oedogonium pratense Transeau, 1914
Oedogonium praticola Transeau, 1900
Oedogonium pratinaequalense M.E.Britton
Oedogonium prescottii Kamat
Oedogonium princeps Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pringsheimianum Archer
Oedogonium pringsheimii C.E.Cramer ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium propinquum Wittrock
Oedogonium psaegmatosporum Nordstedt ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pseudacrosporum Wittrock, 1900
Oedogonium pseudareolatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium pseudaureum C.C.Jao
Oedogonium pseudoareachougii Gauthier-Lièvre
Oedogonium pseudoboscii Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pseudocleveanum Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium pseudodentireticulatum Gauthier-Lièvre
Oedogonium pseudofragile Claassen
Oedogonium pseudogunnii C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium pseudohirnii C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium pseudohowardii C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium pseudomitratum A.M.Scott & Prescott, 1958
Oedogonium pseudomitratum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium pseudopachydermum J.P.Keshri, 2012
Oedogonium pseudoplenum Tiffany
Oedogonium pseudorothii C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium pseudorugulosun C.-C.Jao, 1938
Oedogonium pseudospirale Nygaard, 1932
Oedogonium pseudostarmachii J.P.Keshri, 2012
Oedogonium pseudosuecicum H.-Z.Zhu, 1979
Oedogonium pseudotumidulum Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium pudicum Tiffany, 1951
Oedogonium puellae Skvortzov
Oedogonium pulchellum (Hassall) Kützing
Oedogonium pulchrum Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pullum Skvortzov & Noda
Oedogonium punctatostriatum De Bary ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium punctatum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pungens Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pusillum Kirchner ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium pygmaeum Gonzalves & Jain
Oedogonium pyrisporum Kiselev
Oedogonium pyrulum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Q
Oedogonium quadratum Hallas, 1905
Oedogonium quezelii Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium quintanilhae Lacerda, 1946
R
Oedogonium raikwarii Khan & Kukreti
Oedogonium ralfsii (Hassall) Kützing
Oedogonium randhawae Venkataraman
Oedogonium rarissimum Skvortzov
Oedogonium rarissimum Skvortzov & Noda
Oedogonium reductum Taft, 1946
Oedogonium regium E.O.Hughes
Oedogonium regium Hughes
Oedogonium reinschii J.Roy ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium repandum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium repens Kamat
Oedogonium reticulatonervatum C.C.Jao
Oedogonium reticulatum West & G.S.West, 1902
Oedogonium reticulocostatum C.-C.Jao
Oedogonium reticulonervatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium reticulosporum Mrozinska, 1960
Oedogonium rhodosporum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium richterianum Nayal
Oedogonium richterianum Lemmermann ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium rigidum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium ringens Hoffman
Oedogonium ripartii De Toni
Oedogonium rivulare A.Braun ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium rosenvingii Hallas
Oedogonium rostellatum Pringsheim
Oedogonium rothii Pringsheim ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium rufescens Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium rugulosum Nordstedt ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium rupestre Hirn, 1900
S
Oedogonium salinum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium sanctithomae Wittrock & Cleve ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium santapaui Kamat
Oedogonium santurcense Tiffany, 1936
Oedogonium sawyeri Prescott
Oedogonium saxatile Hansgirg, 1901
Oedogonium schmidlei Gutwinski ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium schweickerdtii Cholnoky, 1952
Oedogonium scrobiculatum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium scutatum Kützing
Oedogonium selandiae Hallas, 1905
Oedogonium seligeriense Arnoldi & Y.V.Roll, 1939
Oedogonium semiapertum Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium setigerum Wolle
Oedogonium setigerum Hoffman
Oedogonium sexangulare Cleve ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium shantungense C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium shanxiense Y.J.Ling & S.L.Xie, 1999
Oedogonium silvaticum Hallas, 1905
Oedogonium simplex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium sinense L.C.Li, 1933
Oedogonium sinensis
Oedogonium singhbhumense P.Mahato & A.K.Mahato
Oedogonium singhii Kamat
Oedogonium singulare Kamat, 1962
Oedogonium sinuatum Transeau
Oedogonium skujae J.P.Keshri, 2012
Oedogonium smithii Prescott, 1944
Oedogonium sociale Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium sodiroanum Lagerheim ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium sol Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium soldatovii Skvortzov
Oedogonium sordidum (Roth) Kützing
Oedogonium southlandiae Novis
Oedogonium spachtii Scott & Prescott
Oedogonium spechtii A.M.Scott & Prescott
Oedogonium speciosum S.-H.Ley, 1949
Oedogonium spectabile Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium spetsbergense Wittrock
Oedogonium sphaerandrum Wittrock & Lundell ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium sphaericoinconspicuum H.Silva, 1953
Oedogonium sphaericum (Hassall) Kützing
Oedogonium sphaerocephalum Gauthier-Lièvre
Oedogonium sphaeroideum Prescott, 1944
Oedogonium spheroideum Prescott
Oedogonium spinospermum Reinsch
Oedogonium spinosporum Gonzalves & Jain
Oedogonium spinosum Gonzalves & Sonnad, 1961
Oedogonium spirale Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium spiralidens C.-C.Jao, 1934
Oedogonium spiripennatum C.-C.Jao, 1934
Oedogonium spirostriatum Tiffany
Oedogonium spurium Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium stagnale Kützing
Oedogonium starmachii Mrozinska, 1958
Oedogonium stellatum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium stephensiae Tiffany, 1936
Oedogonium stictospermum (Skuja) Tiffany, 1949
Oedogonium striatum Randhawa
Oedogonium subacrosporum Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium subareolatum Tiffany, 1936
Oedogonium subcapitellatum Hirn
Oedogonium subcymatosporum C.-C.Jao, 1936
Oedogonium subdentireticulatum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium subdepressum C.-C.Jao, 1937
Oedogonium subdissimile C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium subellipsoideum Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium subglobosum (Wittrock) Tiffany
Oedogonium subglobosum C.E.Taft
Oedogonium subintermedium Claassen
Oedogonium sublongicolle C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium submoniliforme Mrozinska-Webb, 1976
Oedogonium suboctangulare West & G.S.West, 1902
Oedogonium suboelandicum J.P.Keshri, 2012
Oedogonium subopistostomum J.P.Keshri, 2012
Oedogonium suborbiculare C.-C.Jao, 1936
Oedogonium subplagiostomum S.-H.Ley, 1949
Oedogonium subplenum Tiffany
Oedogonium subquadratum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium subrectum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium subrothii C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium subsetacem Kützing
Oedogonium subsexangulare Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium subspirale Mrozinska, 1958
Oedogonium subspirale Gauthier-Lièvre
Oedogonium subspiralidens C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium subsuperbum J.P.Keshri, 2012
Oedogonium subtile Skvortzov, 1946
Oedogonium subtile H.-Z.Zhu, 1964
Oedogonium subulatum J.P.Keshri, 2012
Oedogonium subvaucheri Claassen
Oedogonium sudanense Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium suecicum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium superbum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium supremum Tiffany, 1924
Oedogonium svirencoi Arnoldi & Y.V.Roll, 1939
Oedogonium szemaoense C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium szymanskae Mrozinska, 2000
T
Oedogonium taftii Lacerda
Oedogonium taftii Tiffany
Oedogonium taliense C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium tapeinosporum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium taphrosporum Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium taylorii C.-C.Jao, 1934
Oedogonium tenellum Kützing, 1845
Oedogonium tenerum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium tentoriale Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium tenue Kützing
Oedogonium tenuissimum Hansgirg ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium terrestre Randhawa, 1939
Oedogonium texense Taft, 1946
Oedogonium thanaense Gonzalves & Jain, 1970
Oedogonium thermale P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan
Oedogonium tibeticum Y.-X.Wei & H.J.Hu, 1984
Oedogonium tiffanii Ackley, 1929
Oedogonium tinghushanense C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium transeaui Gonzalves & Jain
Oedogonium transversum Hallas ex Andersen, 1945
Oedogonium triandronites H.J.Carter
Oedogonium trichospermum J.Hermann
Oedogonium trichosporum J.Hermann
Oedogonium trioicum Woronichin, 1923
Oedogonium tsingtaoense H.-Z.Zhu, 1964
Oedogonium tumidulum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium tungarense Gonzalves & Jain
Oedogonium turfosum (Areschoug) Kützing
Oedogonium turkestanicum Kiselev
Oedogonium typhae C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium tyrolicum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
U
Oedogonium uleanum Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium undulatum A.Braun ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium univerrucosum Obukhova
Oedogonium upsaliense Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium urbicum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium urceolatum Nordstedt & Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium utrarium Stephen Skinner & Entwisle, 2006
V
Oedogonium validum C.-C.Jao, 1979
Oedogonium vanoyeanum Gauthier-Lièvre, 1964
Oedogonium variabile Y.V.Roll, 1945
Oedogonium variabile Hilse, 1863
Oedogonium variabile Gonzalves & Sonnad, 1962
Oedogonium varians Wittrock & Lundell ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium vaucheri A.Braun ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium velatum Hallas, 1905
Oedogonium vernale (Hassall) Wittrock
Oedogonium verrucosum Hallas, 1905
Oedogonium vesicatum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium viaticum H.Szymanska & H.Werblan-Jakubiec
Oedogonium victoriense G.S.West, 1906
Oedogonium virceburgense Hirn ex Hirn, 1900
W
Oedogonium wabashense Tiffany, 1927
Oedogonium warmingianum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium welwitschii West & G.S.West ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium westii (Tiffany & Brown) Tiffany & Brown
Oedogonium whitfordii Gonzalves & Jain
Oedogonium wirceburgense Hirn
Oedogonium wittrockianum Hirn
Oedogonium wolleanum Wittrock ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium wyliei Tiffany, 1926
Y
Oedogonium yunnanense C.-C.Jao, 1979
Z
Oedogonium zehneri (Tiffany) Tiffany, 1934
Oedogonium zigzag Cleve ex Hirn, 1900
Oedogonium zmiewicum Arnoldi & Y.V.Roll, 1939
Oedogonium zonatum (Weber & Mohr) V.Leiblein
References
Category:Chlorophyceae genera
Category:Oedogoniales |
Travis Nederpelt | Travis Nederpelt (born 10 June 1985) is an Australian former competition swimmer from Western Australia and butterfly specialist who represented his country at the 2004 Summer Olympics at Athens and in 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. His best Olympic performance was 8th in the final of the men's 400-metre individual medley at Athens.
Nederpelt is a record eight-time winner of the popular Swim Thru Rottnest event.
His brother Jarrad Nederpelt is also a competitive club swimmer with whom he holds the current duo record for the Rottnest Channel Swim event, set in 2001.
In May 2012 at the age of 26, Nederpelt retired from competitive swimming, but continued to serve the sport as a coach.
He became a member of the Swimming WA Board in 2016, and in 2018 was inducted into the WA Swimming Hall of Fame.
References
Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:Australian male swimmers
Category:People from Perth, Western Australia
Category:Olympic swimmers of Australia
Category:Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Category:Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia
Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Australia
Category:Swimmers at the 2006 Commonwealth Games |
Skip's Western Outfitters 175 | The Skip's Western Outfitters 175 is a NASCAR K&N Pro Series East race held annually at New Smyrna Speedway in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. The race is 84 miles in distance. Derek Kraus is the defending champion.
History
The 2015 race was extended due to a green-white-checker finish, and saw the most cautions issued.
Past Winners
2015: Race extended due to a green-white-checker finish.
References
Category:2014 establishments in Florida
Category:K&N Pro Series East |
Eleuterio Francesco Fortino | Eleuterio Francesco Fortino (April 21, 1938 – September 22, 2010) was an Italian priest of the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church. Fortino, who was ordained a Catholic priest on 1962, served as Archimandrite in the Eparchy of Lungro in Calabria. He also served as the Under Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity from 1987 until his death on September 22, 2010. Additionally, he headed the Vatican office charged with improving relations with Orthodox Christianity for ten years.
He was awarded the "Silver Rose" in 2007 for his promotion of good relations between the Vatican and the Orthodox world. He was also the recipient of the Arberia Award in 2009.
Eleuterio Francesco Fortino died at the Tor Vergata hospital in Rome, Italy, on September 22, 2010, at the age of 72.
References
Category:1938 births
Category:2010 deaths
Category:People from the Province of Cosenza
Category:Italian people of Arbëreshë descent
Category:Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity |
Corozzo | Corozzo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Joseph Corozzo (born 1942), American mobster
Nicholas Corozzo (born 1940), American mobster |
Mount Sara Teodora | Mount Sara Teodora (, ) is the broad ice-covered peak rising to 1350 m in Aristotle Mountains on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land. It is situated in the southeast foothills of Madrid Dome, with its ice cap draining towards Starbuck Glacier to the northeast, Stubb Glacier to the east, Ambergris Glacier to the south, and Belogradchik Glacier to the southwest. The lower rocky ridges of Pippin Peaks, Chintulov and Valkosel spread out to the east-northeast, southeast and south direction respectively.
The feature is named after the Bulgarian queen Sara Teodora, 1349–1371.
Location
Mount Sara Teodora is located at , which is 15.55 km southeast of the summit point of Madrid Dome, 12.6 km southwest of Mount Mayhew, and 10.56 km northwest of Hitrino Ridge. British mapping in 1976.
Maps
British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 65 62. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1976.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), 1993–2016.
References
Mount Sara Teodora. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Mount Sara Teodora. Copernix satellite image
Sara Teodora
Category:Oscar II Coast
Category:Bulgaria and the Antarctic |
2013 Hattiesburg, Mississippi tornado | The 2013 Hattiesburg, Mississippi tornado was a large and violent EF4 multiple-vortex wedge tornado that, on Sunday, February 10, 2013, devastated the city of Hattiesburg, Mississippi as well as portions of surrounding areas of West Hattiesburg, Hattiesburg, and Petal. The tornado was one of eight that touched down in southern Mississippi and southwestern Alabama that day. It reached a maximum path width of in its path through the Hattiesburg area and reached estimated maximum sustained winds of in Oak Grove neighborhood of West Hattiesburg. It destroyed many structures and impacted University of Southern Mississippi and two high schools (Oak Grove High School and Hattiesburg High School). Mississippi was declared a federal disaster area by President Barack Obama, and a state of emergency was issued by Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant.
Meteorological synopsis
The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) had stated as early as February 8 that a few supercells would possibly develop on the 10th and could produce large hail, damaging winds, and a few tornadoes. When the thunderstorm outlook was issued for the 10th, the SPC stated that only a marginal chance for severe thunderstorms existed and that only a few storms would develop. Most of the severe weather activity was expected to develop along the cold front in the form of a squall line. A 10% chance of isolated tornadoes was introduced as the instability remained marginal for the event.
During the morning hours of February 10, a squall line developed along a cold front that stretched from western Arkansas, down through northwest Louisiana, and into east Texas. Simultaneously, a warm front was ascending northward through Mississippi and Louisiana. The area between the fronts became increasingly unstable as the day went on, and four tornado watches were issued across Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama throughout the day as the storms tracked eastward. The watches were issued as very strong wind shear and instability engrossed the area, causing the development of supercell thunderstorms. These watches were issued through the day, with the first being posted at 7 a.m. CST (1300 UTC) and the last one coming out at 5:35 p.m. CST (2335 UTC).
Throughout the afternoon hours, the cold front and the squall line began to stall over portions of Louisiana and Arkansas. The supercells that developed that afternoon ahead of the squall line originated across Louisiana and southern Mississippi. Around 4 p.m. (2200 UTC), a newly-developed supercell produced an EF2 tornado in Marion County, Mississippi. That tornado tracked northeast and entered Lamar County, where it dissipated. Later, that same supercell quickly produced another tornado – this was a large wedge tornado that hit the Hattiesburg area.
Tornado summary
The tornado touched down west-southwest of West Hattiesburg at around 5:03 p.m. CST (23:03 UTC), causing EF0 damage to tree limbs at the western edge of the community. It rapidly widened and intensified as it moved through residential subdivisions of the city, snapping numerous trees and power lines, severely damaging homes, and expanding to one half-mile wide. Further northeast, it narrowed as it struck Oak Grove High School, causing major damage to the school's athletic complex. Several well-constructed buildings around the school's athletic stadiums were destroyed, with twisting and buckling steel girders noted. Several steel light poles with concrete reinforcement were snapped as well. Vehicles were thrown in considerable distances, one of which was taken from a parking lot of the high school, rolled up a hill and across the baseball field, and then deposited onto the pitcher's mound. Much of the damage in this area ranged from EF2 to EF3 intensity, though an isolated pocket of EF4 damage occurred just to the southwest of the high school, as a well-built brick home was completely flattened with debris scattered downwind. Nearby trees were denuded and debarked. As it then approached Interstate 59, the tornado heavily damaged numerous homes and apartment buildings at EF2 to EF3 strength, and snapped more trees and power lines. It crossed the interstate and entered Forrest County, tearing through densely populated areas of Hattiesburg, resulting in major damage.
In Forrest County, roughly 300 homes and other structures were damaged/destroyed as the tornado moved through various neighborhoods and business districts. The University of Southern Mississippi sustained significant damage to the southern portion of its campus; at least six buildings were damaged and two others were destroyed there. Near the university, a gas station, a strip mall, a church, an apartment building, and multiple homes were damaged/destroyed, and some metal traffic light poles were mangled. The tornado continued through residential areas to the east of Route 49, where many trees were uprooted, homes were heavily damaged, and a church's steeple was blown off. Large metal light poles at the athletic fields of Hattiesburg High School were snapped, and the third base wall at the baseball field was destroyed. The gymnasium sustained considerable damage to its roof as well. Near the high school, the American Red Cross Building lost its roof and some of its exterior walls, and the Girl Scouts of Greater Mississippi building had its roof torn off as well. The tornado then impacted the northern fringes of downtown Hattiesburg, damaging or destroying several more homes, snapping numerous power lines, and causing heavy damage to several large brick buildings, three of which were leveled. Damage intensity throughout the city of Hattiesburg ranged from EF2 to EF3. The tornado maintained its strength as it continued into Petal, where an ACE Hardware store was completely leveled and more homes were damaged or destroyed.
Now traveling to the northeast of Petal, the tornado began to weaken, causing EF1 to EF2-strength damage to numerous roofs and downing many trees. It weakened to EF1-strength in Perry County before weakening rapidly and lifting in a wooded area just west of Runnelstown at 5:36 p.m. CST (2336 UTC).
Other tornadoes
A total of eight tornadoes touched down on February 10, including one in northeast Texas, five in southeast Mississippi, and two in southwest Alabama. The tornadoes caused a total of 86 injuries.
In Texas, an EF0 tornado touched down east of Livingston in Polk County. A trailer was destroyed and trees and power lines were downed, injuring one person. In Mississippi, an EF1 tornado touched down southeast of Arm in Lawrence County, causing damage to several barns and mobile homes and downing many trees. In nearby Marion County, an EF2 touched down south of the Columbia area and traveled into Lamar County, causing significant damage to many trees and numerous structures and injuring three people. This tornado lifted and the parent supercell quickly produced another tornado, which impacted the Hattiesburg area (See above), injuring 82 people. The same supercell would later produce two EF1 tornadoes across Wayne County, causing damage to many trees and structures, before moving into Alabama and dissipating.
Two EF1 tornadoes touched down across Washington and Clarke Counties in Alabama. These tornadoes removed roofs from homes, severely damaged a few mobile homes, and downed many trees, including numerous pine trees that were snapped.
Impact
This tornado was rated low-end EF4, with winds up to . The tornado was on the ground for 33 minutes and traveled . At one point, the tornado reached a maximum path width of . It damaged many buildings and athletic fields at University of Southern Mississippi, Oak Grove High School, and Hattiesburg High School. In Lamar County (where the tornado first touched down and was rated EF4), 51 homes were destroyed and another 170 suffered major damage. The tornado was slightly weaker in Forrest County (EF3); however, 192 homes were destroyed and 338 suffered major damage. The tornado injured 82 people (19 in Lamar County and 63 in Forrest County) and caused damage amounting to $38.525 million.
This was the first violent tornado to occur in Lamar and Forrest Counties since April 24, 1908, in which 143 people were killed. 64 deaths occurred in Lamar and Forrest Counties alone with that tornado.
In the early morning hours of January 21, 2017, a destructive EF3 tornado destroyed many homes and businesses in Hattiesburg and Petal. This tornado was not as powerful as the 2013 event, though it resulted in four fatalities and many injuries.
Aftermath
President Barack Obama declared Mississippi a federal disaster area following the tornado. Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant issued a State of emergency for Forrest, Lamar, Lawrence, and Marion Counties due to the impact of the severe storms and tornadoes in those counties.
Rain hampered cleanup efforts in the city during the days following the tornado. Schools remained closed in the Hattiesburg area until February 14, 2013, including the University of Southern Mississippi (USM). When schools reopened, school buses had to be borrowed from neighboring school districts as most of Hattiesburg's had been damaged by the tornado. USM had to move classes that were previously held in the eight damaged buildings. USM officials estimated that it would take over 10 million dollars to repair the school. Oak Grove High School in West Hattiesburg lost its athletic facilities as well as a few other buildings. The Lamar County School Superintendent said that it would take months and millions of dollars to repair. Hattiesburg High School also suffered destruction of some of its athletic facilities, including the basketball gym that had undergone renovations just a few weeks before.
Power outages in the area were as many as 13,000 just after the storm, but they were quickly reduced. The American Red Cross and the Salvation Army worked together to provide food and shelter for victims of the tornado and the Mississippi State Department of Health offered free tetanus shots at county health departments for residents of storm-affected counties.
Sempra U.S. Gas & Power donated $100,000 to Hattiesburg area schools and the American Red Cross branch based in Hattiesburg.
See also
Tornadoes of 2013
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
2017 Hattiesburg–Petal, Mississippi tornado – A deadly EF3 tornado which followed a similar path four years later.
References
External links
February 10, 2013 Pine Belt tornado outbreak
Tornado Event Across Southeast Mississippi and Southern Alabama
2013-02-10
Category:Tornadoes in Mississippi
Category:F4 tornadoes by location
Category:Tornadoes of 2013
2013 tornado
Category:2013 natural disasters in the United States
Hattiesburg, Mississippi tornado
Category:February 2013 events in the United States |
Allianz EurOpen Strasbourg | The Allianz EurOpen Strasbourg was a golf tournament held in Alsace, France. It was played in 2009 and 2010 and formed part of the French domestic Allianz Golf Tour.
It was a stop on the satellite Alps Tour in its inaugural year before becoming an event on the second tier Challenge Tour schedule in 2010.
Winners
External links
Coverage on the Challenge Tour's official site
Category:Former Challenge Tour events
Category:Golf tournaments in France |
Gabara distema | Gabara distema is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. The species is endemic to North America, specifically the states of Texas, Arizona, North Carolina and Florida.
The larvae probably feed on wiregrass.
External links
Species info
Images
Bug Guide
Category:Scolecocampinae |
United States Virgin Islands at the World Athletics Championships | The United States Virgin Islands has competed at the IAAF World Athletics Championships on fifteen occasions, skipping the 2001 edition. It also competed at the 1976 World Championships in Athletics. Its competing country code is ISV. The country has not won any medals at the competition. As of 2017 the country's athletes have reached a final of an event on two occasions. Its best performance is fourth place, by Tabarie Henry in the 2009 men's 400 metres final.
References
Unites States Virgin |
Anne Hampson | Anne Hampson (b. 28 November 1928 - d. 25 september 2014) was a British writer of over 125 romance novels in Mills & Boon from 1969 to 1998. She published historical romance novels under the pseudonym Jane Wilby. Although she retired in 1998, in 2005 she published two romance and a crime novel. She has written an autobiography entitled Fate Was My Friend.
Early life
Hampson dreamed of teaching and writing when she was six, but due to the depression after World War II, she had to leave her studies at fourteen and begin making blouses for Marks & Spencer's. She left work when she married. She sold her sewing machine for £15 to the neighbour who later encouraged her to publish her first novel
Later, when her marriage broke up, she had to return to work and lived in a mobile home in the village of Cuddington in Mid Cheshire. But, when Manchester University decided to trial older women she applied and graduated. She wrote articles about her travels in Greece and they were published in various education magazines. She also had an interest in fossils and sometimes went to the North Yorkshire coast to collect. Her first manuscript was a romance about Delphi where she had visited. This manuscript sat on a shelf in her mobile home until she showed it to Brice Burgum, a neighbour who said she should seek out an agent to get it published.
Career
In 1973, she became a launch author for the new Harlequin Presents line of category romance novels. Harlequin Presents books were more sensual than the previous line, Harlequin Romance, under which she had been published. She was chosen to be a launch author because she, along with Violet Winspear and Anne Mather, were the most popular and prolific of Mills&Boon/Harlequin's authors.
Bibliography
As Anne Hampson
Single novels
Eternal Summer (1969)
Autocrat of Melhurst (1969)
Unwary Heart (1969)
Precious Waif (1969)
Beyond the Sweet Waters (1970)
By Fountains Wild (1970)
Hawk and the Dove (1970)
Love Hath an Island (1970)
When the Bough Breaks (1970)
Isle of the Rainbows (1970)
Gates of Steel (1970)
Heaven Is High (1970)
An Eagle Swooped (1970)
Dark Hills Rising (1971)
Rebel Bride (1971)
Stars of Spring (1971)
Wings of Night (1971)
Gold Is the Sunrise (1971)
Waves of Fire (1971)
South of Mandraki (1971)
Petals Drifting (1971)
Follow a Shadow (1971)
Beloved Rake (1972)
Fair Island (1972)
There Came a Tyrant (1972)
Plantation Boss (1972)
Wife for a Penny (1972)
Dark Avenger (1972)
Enchanted Dawn (1972)
Master of Moonrock (1972)
Thousand Stars (1972)
After Sundown (1973)
Blue Hills of Sintra (1973)
Dear Plutocrat (1973)
Dear Stranger (1973)
When the Clouds Part (1973)
Kiss from Satan (1973)
Stormy the Way (1973)
Windward Crest (1973)
Hunter of the East (1973)
Boss of Bali Creek (1973)
Black Eagle (1973)
Unwanted Bride (1973)
Way of a Tyrant (1974)
Moon Without Stars (1974)
Fetters of Hate (1974)
Stars Over Sarawak (1974)
Not Far from Heaven (1974)
Pride and Power (1974)
Two of a Kind (1974)
Jonty in love (1975)
Reap the Whirlwind (1975)
Where the South Wind Blows (1975)
Flame of Fate (1975)
South to Capricorn (1975)
Autumn Twilight (1975)
Call of the Outback (1976)
Dangerous Friendship (1976)
Man to Be Feared (1976)
South of the Moon (1976)
Song of the Waves (1976)
Sunset Cloud (1976)
Dear Benefactor (1976)
Hills of Kalamata (1976)
Satan and the Nymph (1976)
Fire Meets Fire (1976)
Isle at the Rainbow's End (1976)
Beloved Vagabond (1977)
Sweet Is the Web (1977)
Man of Importance (1977)
Harbour of Love (1977)
Bitter Harvest (1977)
Isle of Desire (1977)
Fly Beyond the Sunset (1977)
The Shadow Between (1977)
Call of the Veld (1977)
For Love of a Pagan (1978)
Leaf in the Storm (1978)
Moon Dragon (1978)
Under Moonglow (1978)
Master of Forrestmead (1978)
To Tame a Vixen (1978)
Temple of the Dawn (1979)
Bride for a night (1979)
Coolibah Creek (1979)
Rose from Lucifer (1979)
Chateau in the Palms (1979)
Laird of Locharrun (1980)
Payment in Full (1980)
Stormy Masquerade (1980)
Call of the Heathen (1980)
Pagan Lover (1980)
Second Tomorrow (1980)
Man of the Outback (1980)
Dawn Steals Softly (1980)
Desire (1981)
Enchantment (1981)
Man Without a Heart (1981)
Where Eagles Nest (1981)
Shadows of Apollo (1981)
The Tender Years (1982)
Another Eden (1982)
Fascination (1982)
A Kiss and a Promise (1982)
Man Without Honour (1982)
Realm of the Pagans (1982)
Stardust (1982)
South of Capricorn (1982)
Devotion (1983)
Dreamtime (1983)
Love So Rare (1983)
Strangers May Marry (1983)
There Must be Showers (1983)
To Buy a Memory (1983)
When Love Comes (1983)
Dawn Is Golden (1983)
Spell of the Island (1984)
Sweet Second Love (1984)
Soft, Velvet Night (1984)
Destiny (1988)
A Touch of Romance (1988)
Pemberley Place (1997)
Legacy of Hate (1998)
Night Is Ours (2005)
The Dead Can't Kill (2005)
Collections
When The Bough Breaks / Love Hath an Island / Stars of Spring (1980)
As Jane Wilby
Single novels
Eleanor and the Marquis (1977)
Man of Consequence (1979)
Lord of Locharrun (1980)
Clowning around: the Great Medici's handbook of clowning (1981)
Anthologies in collaboration
The Runaways / Eleanor and the Marquis / A Rose for Danger / The Secret of Val Verde (1977) (with Marguerite Bell, Judith Polley and Julia Herbert)
Eleanor and the Marquis / The Runaways / A Rose for Danger / Puritan Wife (1977) (with Marguerite Bell, Judith Polley and Elizabeth De Guise)
Autobiography
Fate Was My Friend
Notes
References
Harlequin Enterprises Ltd's Website
Anne Hampson's Webpage at Fantastic Fiction's website
Jane Wilby's Webpage at Fantastic Fiction's website
Category:1928 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:English romantic fiction writers
Category:English women novelists
Category:Women romantic fiction writers |
Arbutus, Maryland | Arbutus is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 20,483 at the 2010 census. The census area also contains the communities of Halethorpe and Relay, in which all three names were used during the 1960 census when the area had a population of 22,402. Residents of Arbutus are often called Arbutians or Arbutusians.
Geography
Arbutus is located at (39.244406, −76.693928).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.
Herbert Run, a stream, runs through Arbutus and surrounding areas.
Demographics
As of the 2010 census Arbutus had a population of 20,483. The racial and ethnic composition of the population was 76.6% non-Hispanic white, 9.5% non-Hispanic black, 0.2% Native American, 2.1% Asian Indian, 6.5% other Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.2% non-Hispanic from some other race, 2.3% from two or more races and 2.9% Hispanic or Latino of any race.
As of the census of 2000, there were 20,116 people, 8,120 households, and 5,204 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,093.8 people per square mile (1,194.9/km²). There were 8,380 housing units at an average density of 1,288.8 per square mile (497.8/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 85.21% White, 6.27% African American, 0.28% Native American, 6.10% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.48% from other races, and 1.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.53% of the population.
There were 8,120 households out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the CDP, the population was spread out with 22.2% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $47,792, and the median income for a family was $54,003. Males had a median income of $37,766 versus $29,129 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,456. About 4.5% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.
Emergency services
Fire and emergency medical services are provided by the Arbutus Volunteer Fire Department Baltimore County Station 35. This station provides fire protection, heavy rescue, swift water rescue, and paramedic-level emergency medical services to the citizens of Arbutus and the surrounding communities. Mutual aid is provided by the surrounding Baltimore County stations as well as the Baltimore City and Howard County fire departments.
Police protection is provided mainly by the Baltimore County Police Department, Wilkens Precinct. Additional police service is provided by the Baltimore County Sheriff's Office, UMBC Police, Maryland State Police, and the Maryland Transportation Authority Police.
Education
Colleges and universities:
University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) is located adjacent to Arbutus and the neighboring unincorporated municipality of Catonsville.
Primary and secondary schools are operated by Baltimore County Public Schools.
Notable attractions
Arbutus Oak, a large white oak tree east of Arbutus in the middle of the I-95/I-695 interchange
Conservation and Environmental Research Areas of UMBC, a research forest park utilized by the University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Guinness Open Gate Brewery, the first Guinness brewery opened in the United States in the historic Calvert Distillery
Patapsco Valley State Park, a large state park along the Patapsco River
Relay, a historic neighborhood south of Arbutus with examples of Victorian architecture
Thomas Viaduct, a railroad bridge over the Patapsco River that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.
Notable people
David Byrne, lead singer “Talking Heads”
Robert Ehrlich, 60th Governor of Maryland, U.S. Congressman
Wild Bill Hagy, well-known Baltimore Orioles fan
Notes
References
Further reading
The Thomas Viaduct at Relay, Maryland (1925)
External links
Category:Census-designated places in Baltimore County, Maryland
Category:Census-designated places in Maryland |
De Lugo | De Lugo (of Lugo) may refer to:
__NOTOC__j m
People with the surname de Lugo
Álvaro Yáñez de Lugo, Spanish nobleman
Francisco de Lugo (conquistador) (d. 1532), Spanish conquistador, son of Álvaro
Alonso Fernández de Lugo (d. 1525), Spanish conquistador, great-nephew of Álvaro
Pedro Fernández de Lugo (1475–1536), Spanish nobleman, son of Alonso
Francisco Bahamonde de Lugo (d. 1574), Governor of Puerto Rico and Cartagena
Francisco de Lugo (1580–1652) Spanish Jesuit, theologician
John de Lugo (1583–1660), Spanish Jesuit, cardinal, brother of Francisco
Bernardo de Lugo, Spanish linguist, friar and writer from Nueva Granada
Carlos Benites Franquis de Lugo (b. 1691), Spanish Governor of Texas
Ron de Lugo (b. 1930), American politician
Dukes of Lugo
Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo (b. 1963), daughter of Juan Carlos I of Spain
Jaime de Marichalar, Duke of Lugo (b. 1963), former husband of Infanta Elena
Places
Tulantepec de Lugo Guerrero, Hidalgo, Mexico
See also
Lugo (surname) |
Nazario Moreno González | Nazario Moreno González (8 March 1970 – 9 March 2014), commonly referred to by his alias El Chayo ("Nazario" or "The Rosary") and/or El Más Loco ("The Craziest One"), was a Mexican drug lord who headed La Familia Michoacana before heading the Knights Templar Cartel, a drug cartel headquartered in the state of Michoacán. He was one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords.
Very few details are known of Moreno González's early life, but the authorities believe that religion played a major role in his upbringing. Although born in Michoacán, Moreno González moved to the United States as a teenager, but fled back into Mexico about a decade later to avoid prosecution on drug trafficking charges. In 2004, the drug boss Carlos Rosales Mendoza was captured, and Moreno González, alongside José de Jesús Méndez Vargas, took control of La Familia Michoacana. Unlike other traditional drug trafficking organizations in Mexico, his organization also operated like a religious cult, where its own members were given "bibles" with sayings and conduct guidelines. Moreno González reportedly carried out several philanthropic deeds to help the marginalized in Michoacán. Such deeds helped him craft an image of protector, saint, and Christ-like messianic figure among the poor, and gave La Familia Michoacana a level of influence among some natives.
The Mexican government reported that Moreno González was killed during a two-day gunfight with the Mexican federal police in his home state in December 2010. After the shootout, however, no body was recovered. Rumors thus persisted that Moreno González was still alive and leading the Knights Templar Cartel, the split-off group of La Familia Michoacana. Four years later, on 9 March 2014, his survival was confirmed. Mexican authorities located him again, this time in the town of Tumbiscatío, Michoacán, and attempted to apprehend him. A gunfight ensued resulting in Moreno González's death. Subsequent forensic examination confirmed his identity.
Criminal career
Early life
Moreno González was born in the ranchería of Guanajuatillo in Apatzingán, Michoacán, Mexico at around 5:00 a.m. on 8 March 1970. There are few details of Moreno González's upbringing, but religion may have played an important role in his early life. His parents had 13 children (including Moreno González). His father Manuel Moreno was reportedly an alcoholic and had several mistresses, and one day he left his family when Moreno González was still very young, forcing his mother to singlehandedly raise the whole family. With their father gone, Moreno González and his siblings lived under the strict discipline of their mother. According to his autobiography, Moreno González had a love-hate relationship with his mother; as a child, he was beaten by his mother for being troublesome and getting into fights. In one occasion, he recalled that his mother once forced him to make his way back to his house by walking on his knees while keeping his arms stretched like a cross throughout the whole day for stealing an animal. Such treatments helped him develop resentment as to partially explain his violent behavior as an adult, he argued. He admitted, however, that he often got into fist fights with other kids from Guanajuatillo and the surrounding rancherías. Moreno González recalled that he would not always win and that he once got into 10 fights in a single day. His violent reputation as a child helped him earn the nickname El Más Loco ("The Craziest One")—which he held onto for the rest of his life—among his siblings and other kids from the area where he grew up.
He never attended school and was illiterate for some years of his early life. He learned to read and write reportedly out of curiosity after reading and hearing comic books and stories of Kalimán and Porfirio Cadena, El Ojo de Vidrio on the local radio station. In his autobiography, Moreno González said that as a child he believed he had the superhuman ability of speaking telepathically with animals like Kalimán did in the comics. He said he wanted to be a hero like the comic characters. As a child, he was accustomed to seeing gunmen near his home, and played las guerritas ("war games") for fun. While playing the game, he often pretended to be dead, only to say later on that he had been wounded in the game but that he had managed to survive. At the age of twelve, he moved to Apatzingán and made a living by selling matches, peeling onions, working at a melon field, and throwing out the trash from several booths at a marketplace. As a teenager in the late 1980s, Moreno González migrated illegally to the United States, settling in California, where he eventually began selling marijuana. After some years, he moved to Texas and in 1994 was arrested for drug trafficking charges in McAllen. Nearly a decade later in 2003, the U.S. government charged him with conspiracy to distribute five tons of narcotics and issued an arrest warrant. Moreno González then fled back to Mexico.
Organized crime
Although raised Catholic, Moreno González became a Jehovah's Witness during his time in the United States. In Apatzingán, Moreno González preached to the poor and always carried a bible with him. With time, he won the loyalty of several locals, and many started to see him as a "messiah" for preaching religious principles and forming La Familia Michoacana, a drug cartel that posed as a vigilante group. When Carlos Rosales Mendoza was arrested in 2004, Moreno González ascended to the apex of La Familia Michoacana, a drug trafficking organization based in western Mexico, along with José de Jesús Méndez Vargas. In 2006, La Familia Michoacana broke relations with the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas, and Moreno González heralded the organization's independence when several of his gunmen tossed five human heads on a discothèque dance floor in Uruapan. Near the severed heads lay a message that read, "La Familia doesn't kill for money, doesn't kill women, doesn't kill innocents. Only those who deserve to die will die."
In 2009, the Mexican government published a list of its 37 most-wanted drug lords and offered a $2.2 million reward for information that led to Moreno González's capture. His three partners – José de Jesús Méndez Vargas, Servando Gómez Martínez and Dionisio Loya Plancarte – were also on the list. In 2010, he was sanctioned under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (sometimes referred to simply as the "Kingpin Act") by the United States Department of the Treasury for his involvement in drug trafficking. The act prohibited U.S. citizens and companies from doing business with Moreno González, and virtually froze all his assets in the U.S.
Los Zetas eventually broke off from the Gulf Cartel in 2010, after serving in the armed wing of the organization for more than a decade. But in opposition to Los Zetas, Moreno González's cartel rejoined with the Gulf Cartel and allied with the Sinaloa Cartel to fight them off. Since then, La Familia Michoacana became one of the fastest-growing cartels involved in Mexico's drug war. It stood out for its promotion of "family values" and religious agenda, unlike traditional cartels. Although deeply involved in the methamphetamine business, Moreno González's cartel diversified its criminal agenda by controlling numerous "counterfeiting, extortion, kidnapping, armed robbery, prostitution and car dealership" rings in Michoacán and its neighboring states. By mid-2009, La Familia had managed to establish a foothold in about 20 to 30 urban areas across the United States.
Moreno González required his men to carry a "spiritual manual" that he wrote himself, "[containing] pseudo-Christian aphorisms for self-improvement." In his "bible," Moreno González prohibited his men from consuming alcoholic beverages or other drugs, and stated that he would severely punish those who mistreated women. His writings encouraged the corporal punishment of thieves by beating them and making them walk naked with billboards in the city streets. He prohibited members of his cartel from consuming or selling methamphetamines in Michoacán, arguing that the drug was only to be smuggled into the U.S. for American consumers. Moreno González justified drug trafficking by stating that La Familia Michoacana allegedly regulated the drug trade to prevent exploitation of the people. The book, sometimes known as "The Sayings of the Craziest One", also talks about humility, service, wisdom, brotherhood, courage, and God. His second book, titled "They Call Me The Craziest One", is 13 chapters long and talks about his life, idealism, the origins of La Familia Michoacana, their battle against Los Zetas, and his rationale behind joining organized crime. The text reads like a diary and justifies his criminal activities under the rationale that just like others in Michoacán, the limited opportunities and his poor financial situation pushed him to get involved in the drug trade. In addition to that, Moreno González blamed the government for the existence of criminals.
As leader of La Familia Michoacana, Moreno González was in charge of forging alliances with other cartels. Reportedly, Moreno González met with several other high-ranking drug lords, including Fernando Sánchez Arellano of the Tijuana Cartel; Juan José Esparragoza Moreno of the Sinaloa Cartel; and Antonio Cárdenas Guillén of the Gulf Cartel. In these agreements, the cartels allowed La Familia Michoacana to move drugs freely in their territories in exchange for their support in fighting off rival gangs like Los Zetas. In 2008, Moreno González agreed to send armed men to help Joaquín Guzmán Loera and Ismael Zambada García fight off rival cartels, a favor which granted him access to the drug corridors in Sinaloa and Sonora. In addition, his friendship with the Gulf Cartel leader Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez allowed him access to the northeastern state of Tamaulipas.
Philanthropy
During his tenure as leader of La Familia Michoacana, Moreno González reportedly gave loans to farmers, funded schools and churches, financed drainage projects, and carried out several aid campaigns to help out the disadvantaged in the state of Michoacán. This, along with the manpower of the organization, allowed him get the support of several rural sectors in the state, where many served as informants and collaborators for the cartel. His wife was also known for organizing several self-help seminars in Apatzingán. The support of La Familia Michoacana is rooted in family connections and local communities in Michoacán, and in the supposed exploitation of its citizens by the government.
Alleged 2010 death
On 9 December 2010, the Mexican federal police surrounded the village of El Alcalde in Apatzingán, Michoacán with more than 2,000 officers. Reportedly, Moreno González was at a local festival handing out Christmas presents to the villagers when he was tracked down by the authorities.
As the police troops drove into town, gunmen of La Familia Michoacana blocked the entrances with more than 40 burning trucks and cars. La Familia gunmen also surrounded the state capital of Morelia in an attempt to prevent the police from receiving reinforcements. The shootout lasted about two days, and at least 11 deaths were confirmed. During the gun battle, the gunmen managed to carry out the bodies of their fallen comrades up the hills. The government reported at the time that Moreno González had been killed, but that the cartel took his body away. This triggered rumors that he was alive and leading his cartel. However, the Mexican government denied such claims. Elías Álvarez, the commander of the 2010 police operation, said González's grave was in the mountains. 2014 reports from the Mexican government stated that Moreno González was possibly injured (but not killed) during the shootout. For four years, the drug lord took advantage of the government's mistake to fall off the authorities's radar and continue to command the cartel behind the scenes.
Background and aftermath
The alleged death of Moreno González was considered one of the most significant government victories since the start of the drug war in 2006. La Familia Michoacana was the focus of the government because their stronghold, Michoacán state, is approximately four hours away from the country's capital, Mexico City. In addition, Michoacán is the home state of former President Felipe Calderón, who made it a top priority to pacify it.
A few days after the shootout, several people carried out a peace march in Apatzingán expressing their support for the cartel with banners that read "Nazario will always live in our hearts," among others. Others protested against the presence of the federal forces in the state, and argued that the federal government—not the cartels—were responsible for increasing the violence in the country. Through several banners hung on bridges throughout the state of Michoacán, La Familia Michoacana publicly announced that they were open to the possibility of creating a "truce" (ceasefire) with the Mexican government throughout December 2010 and January 2011 to prove that they were not the source of the violence. The Mexican authorities "summarily rejected" the agreement.
After Moreno Gonzalez was reported dead, José de Jesús Méndez Vargas took the lead of La Familia Michoacana. The other cartel leader, Servando Gómez Martínez (alias "La Tuta"), fought Méndez Vargas for control of the group and eventually formed the Knights Templar Cartel, a drug cartel and pseudo-religious splinter group. The cartel was headed by Moreno González, followed by Gómez Martínez, Dionisio Loya Plancarte (alias "El Tío"), and Enrique Plancarte Solís (alias "Kike Plancarte"), in that order. However, given that the Mexican government believed that Moreno González had been killed in 2010, Gómez Martínez was regarded as the first-in-command. Since its creation, the Knights Templar Cartel became a greater security concern for the Mexican government; it began to extort lime farmers, cutters, and packers, as well as people who worked in the avocado business in Michoacán. The cartel also stole minerals from the state's reserves to later ship to China for sale on the black market. Killings, extortions, kidnappings, and arson attacks against Michoacán residents and local businesses increased. In response to the cartel's activities, autodefensa (vigilante/self-defense) groups began to emerge in Michoacán in 2011, and gained significant momentum in February 2013 when they began to push the cartel outside of the Tierra Caliente region. President Enrique Peña Nieto sent in more federal troops to Michoacán on January 2014 initially with the intent to disarm the informal groups. However, that plan was quickly abandoned following some resistance, and the government decided to sign an agreement that month with the autodefensas to combat insecurity together.
Allegations of having survived the attempted police capture
Given that Moreno González's body was never recovered from the December 2010 shootout where officials said he was killed, there were rumors that he was alive and secretly leading the Knights Templar Cartel, the split-off group of La Familia Michoacana. On June 2011, members of La Familia Michoacana set up several public banners throughout the state of Guerrero with written messages directed to the former President Calderón and his security spokesman Alejandro Poiré. The banners proclaimed that Moreno González was in fact alive and leading the Knights Templar Cartel, and that the government was allegedly covering him up. The rumors were immediately denied by the Mexican government, which stood firm that the drug lord was killed by federal forces on December 9, 2010. Rumors sparked again in October 2011 following the arrest of Mario Buenrostro Quiroz, a drug trafficker who headed a Mexico City-based gang known as Los Aboytes. In a videotaped police confession, he told authorities that Moreno González was still alive and heading the cartel. Intelligence agency InSight Crime said the rumors were probably part of a campaign of the Knights Templar Cartel to win prestige from La Familia Michoacana by saying that their leader is in fact alive and still supporting the group. On 27 October 2012, the Mexican Army raided a safe house in Apatzingán where they believed the drug lord Enrique Plancarte Solís was hiding. Though the raid was ultimately unsuccessful because Plancarte Solís managed to avoid capture by sending several gunmen from his inner circle to battle off the soldiers, the authorities discovered several documents written for Moreno González. The Army gave the documents to the intelligence agency SIEDO for further investigation.
Many Michoacán natives believed that Moreno González was alive; he was widely believed to have made a public appearance in Morelia in 2012 after his son was killed in a motorcycle accident. According to an unnamed official, his sister went to the morgue to reclaim the body of his son before the autopsy. When the coroner refused to give her the body, Moreno González paid him a visit and convinced him to give up the body. In fears of reprisals, local media outlets self-censored and did not report on the death of his son. Those who wrecked his son were reportedly kidnapped by Moreno González men and killed. In addition, one militia leader from the town of Coalcomán reported seeing him dressed as Saint Francis of Assisi, baptizing people, and leading his henchmen. There was no concrete evidence of Moreno González being alive. However, since no autopsy was performed, there was no evidence of him being dead either. In January 2014, Gregorio López, a priest of Apatzingán, reported that Moreno González ordered a self-imposed curfew in the city and threatened to burn down businesses that did not comply with the order. That week Michoacán had a series of violent episodes after the state's autodefensa (vigilante) groups—which emerged in February 2013 to fight the Knights Templar Cartel—attempted to move into several municipalities to fight the cartel. The priest said in an interview that there were rumors that the drug lord met with "La Tuta" for lunch in La Cucha, a ranch outside of Apatzingán. In an interview with Noticias MVS in February 2014, the former self-defense group leader José Manuel Mireles Valverde stated that Moreno González celebrated Christmas Day (25 December 2013) with the cartel leader Enrique Plancarte Solís and his daughter and banda singer Melissa at the drug lord's house. Mireles claimed in March 2014 that the self-defense groups nearly captured Moreno González at a ranch close to Tumbiscatío, Michoacán, but that he managed to escape 20 minutes before their arrival.
Rumors surrounding these allegations were around since Moreno González was declared dead by the Mexican government in 2010. The mysticism and spiritual teachings of the drug lord have played an important role in the Knights Templar Cartel's propaganda and recruitment in Michoacán. By spreading such rumors, the cartel hoped to gain a level of consensus from the public in their fight against the self-defense militias and state forces in the state.
Veneration
After Moreno González's reported death in 2010, Michoacán natives reportedly began to worship him as a saint, "drawing attention to the links between narco-culture and religion." In the region of Apatzingán, people created altars with statues and photos in honor of him. The figurines are often dressed in tunics similar to the Knights Templar, and had prayers calling him Saint Nazario. Reforma newspaper reported that Moreno González had his own prayer: "Oh Lord Almighty, free me from all sins, give me protection through Saint Nazario." These altars are found in the village of Holanda, on the hill of El Cerrito de la Cruz, and in Apatzingán. Villagers have noted that they had been forced to venerate the criminal under threat of armed force by the gang members.
Throughout his criminal career, Moreno González promoted La Familia Michoacana as an organization that existed to protect the people in Michoacán, where he carried out several campaigns that implemented curfews, punished drinkers, and attacked Los Zetas, whom he claimed had corroded the morality of the state and community. The prayers that are now dedicated to Moreno González now refer to him as the "Representative of God," the "Protector of the poorest," and as the "Knight of the towns." Such behavior proves that La Familia Michoacana's religious campaign influenced the local area.
The area where the altars are located is reportedly patrolled by Los 12 apóstoles ('12 apostles'), the security body that allegedly protected Moreno González.
Death
At around 7:00 a.m. on 9 March 2014, the Mexican Army and Navy pinpointed Moreno González's whereabouts in Tumbiscatío, Michoacán. When they tried to apprehend him, the drug lord opened fire at the security forces before being killed in the fire exchange. Mexico's Procuraduría General de la República (PGR) officially confirmed his identity through DNA examinations and fingerprint identification. The results were consistent with law enforcement files. While investigators conducted the autopsy at a hospital in Apatzingán, more than 150 law enforcement officers from the Army, Navy, Federal Police, and the PGR cordoned the area to prevent organized crime members from attempting to steal his body. Post-mortem reports indicated that Moreno González died of two gunshot wounds on his thorax. On 12 March 2014, his corpse was transferred to Morelia under tight security for further testing. At the time of his death, the drug lord was wanted by the Mexican government for charges relating to drug trafficking, organized crime, kidnapping, murder, and theft.
On the evening of 14 March 2014, his corpse was handed over to his sister and two nephews in Morelia by state authorities. As they left the forensic installations, they covered their faces in front of cameras and did not specify if they had plans to carry out a funeral for Moreno González. His family and friends, however, held a funeral for him at the Santa Cruz funeral home in Altozano, Morelia. They did not comment where the corpse was to be taken, but unconfirmed reports suggested that there were plans to cremate him and scatter his ashes at a village in the Tierra Caliente region in Michoacán.
Personal life and family
Moreno González enjoyed watching the Godfather Trilogy and the drama film Braveheart.
He went by several nicknames, including but not limited to El Chayo (hypocorism for "Nazario" or "Rosario", the Spanish word for Rosary), Víctor Nazario Castrejón Peña, El Dulce ("The Candy"), El Doctor ("The Doctor"), and El Más Loco ("The Craziest One"), In 2014, the Mexican government discovered that the drug lord also held the alias Emiliano Morelos Guevara in reference to revolutionary figures Emiliano Zapata, José María Morelos, and Che Guevara.
His father was reportedly Manuel Moreno, who died on July 2013, according to intelligence reports from Mexican federal agents. The drug lord was the uncle or cousin of Uriel Chávez Mendoza, the municipal president (equivalent of mayor) of Apatzingán. He was arrested by Mexican authorities on 15 April 2014 for his alleged ties to organized crime. The city councilman Isidro Villanueva Moreno may also be his cousin too. His half brother and cousin of Plancarte Solís, Antonio Magaña Pantoja, was arrested by Mexican authorities in Apatzingán on 9 February 2014. His half brother Heliodoro Moreno Anguiano (alias "El Yoyo") was arrested by Mexican authorities in Apatzingán, Michoacán on 18 February 2014. His nephew Faustino Andrade González was arrested by the Mexican Federal Police in Apatzingán with four other suspected criminals on 5 June 2014.
Published works
Pensamientos Del Más Loco (The Sayings of the Craziest One)
Me Dicen: El Más Loco (They Call Me The Craziest One) (2010)
See also
Jesús Malverde
Sources
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
External links
La Familia: Another Deadly Mexican Syndicate (archive) — Foreign Policy Research Institute
Category:1970 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:La Familia Michoacana traffickers
Category:Mexican mob bosses
Category:People shot dead by law enforcement officers in Mexico
Category:Former Roman Catholics
Category:Converts to Jehovah's Witnesses
Category:Mexican Jehovah's Witnesses
Category:Mexican religious leaders
Category:People from Apatzingán
Category:People sanctioned under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act
Category:People who faked their own death
Category:People of the Mexican Drug War
Category:Folk saints |
Rynersonite | Rynersonite (Ca(Ta,Nb)2O6) is an oxide mineral. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system. It is dull, translucent mineral, fibrous in nature. Usually off-white to pale pink in color. It occurs in granitic pegmatites and was first described for an occurrence in San Diego County, California in 1978.
Besides the San Diego, California area, Rynersonite is also found in Colorado and Kampala, Uganda.
References
Category:Niobium minerals
Category:Tantalum minerals
Category:Oxide minerals
Category:Orthorhombic minerals |
Conflict of the Orders | The Conflict of the Orders, also referred to as the Struggle of the Orders, was a political struggle between the Plebeians (commoners) and Patricians (aristocrats) of the ancient Roman Republic lasting from 500 BC to 287 BC, in which the Plebeians sought political equality with the Patricians. It played a major role in the development of the Constitution of the Roman Republic. Shortly after the founding of the Republic, this conflict led to a secession from Rome by Plebeians to the Sacred Mount at a time of war. The result of this first secession was the creation of the office of Plebeian Tribune, and with it the first acquisition of real power by the Plebeians.
At first only Patricians were allowed to stand for election to political office, but over time these laws were revoked, and eventually all offices were opened to the Plebeians. Since most individuals who were elected to political office were given membership in the Roman Senate, this development helped to transform the senate from a body of Patricians into a body of Plebeian and Patrician aristocrats. This development occurred at the same time that the Plebeian legislative assembly, the Plebeian Council, was acquiring additional power. At first, its acts ("plebiscites") applied only to Plebeians, although after 339 BC, with the institution of laws by the first Plebeian dictator Q. Publilius Philo, these acts began to apply to both Plebeians and Patricians, with a senatorial veto of all measures approved by the council.
It was not until 287 BC that the Patrician senators lost their last check over the Plebeian Council. However, the Patricio-Plebeian aristocracy in the senate still retained other means by which to control the Plebeian Council, in particular the closeness between the Plebeian Tribunes and the senators. While this conflict would end in 287 BC with the Plebeians having acquired political equality with the Patricians, the plight of the average Plebeian had not changed. A small number of aristocratic Plebeian families had emerged, and most Plebeian politicians came from one of these families.
The Patrician era (494–367 BC)
The Conflict of the Orders began less than 20 years after the Republic was founded. Under the existing system, the poorer plebeians made up the bulk of the Roman army. During their military service, the farms on which their livelihood depended were left abandoned. Unable to earn a sufficient income, many turned to the patricians for aid, which left them open to abuse and even enslavement. As the patricians controlled Roman politics, the plebeians found no help from within the existing political system. Their solution was to go on strike. In 494 BC Rome was at war with three Italic tribes (the Aequi, Sabines and Volsci), but the Plebeian soldiers advised by Lucius Sicinius Vellutus, refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Sacred Mount outside Rome. A settlement was negotiated and the patricians agreed that the plebs be given the right to meet in their own assembly, the Plebeian Council (Concilium Plebis), and to elect their own officials to protect their rights, the Plebeian Tribunes (Tribuni Plebis).
During the 5th century BC, there were a number of unsuccessful attempts to reform Roman agrarian laws to distribute newly conquered territories amongst the plebs. In a number of instances, these reforms were advocated by the plebeian tribunes.
In 471 BC the Lex Publilia was passed. It was an important reform shifting practical power from the patricians to the plebeians. The law transferred the election of the tribunes of the plebs to the comitia tributa, thereby freeing their election from the influence of the patrician clientes.
During the early years of the republic, the Plebeians were not allowed to hold magisterial office. Neither Tribunes nor Aediles were technically magistrates, since they were both elected solely by the Plebeians, rather than by both the Plebeians and the Patricians. While the Plebeian Tribunes regularly attempted to block legislation unfavorable to their order, the Patricians frequently tried to thwart them by gaining the support of one or another of the tribunes. One example of this occurred in 448 BC, when only five tribunes were elected to fill ten positions; following tradition and pressured by the Patricians, they co-opted five colleagues, two of whom were Patricians. Concerns that the Patricians would attempt to influence future elections in this manner, or by obtaining the office themselves prevent the Plebeian Tribunes from exercising their powers, led to the passage of the Lex Trebonia, forbidding the Plebeian Tribunes from co-opting their colleagues in the future.
In 445 BC, the Plebeians demanded the right to stand for election as consul (the chief-magistrate of the Roman Republic), but the Roman senate refused to grant them this right. Ultimately, a compromise was reached, and while the Consulship remained closed to the Plebeians, Consular command authority (imperium) was granted to a select number of Military Tribunes. These individuals, the so-called Consular Tribunes ("Military Tribunes with Consular powers" or tribuni militares consulari potestate) were elected by the Centuriate Assembly (the assembly of soldiers), and the senate had the power to veto any such election. This was the first of many attempts by the Plebeians to achieve political equality with the Patricians.
Starting around the year 400 BC, a series of wars were fought against several neighboring tribes (in particular the Aequi, the Volsci, the Latins, and the Veii). The disenfranchised Plebeians fought in the army, while the Patrician aristocracy enjoyed the fruits of the resulting conquests. The Plebeians, by now exhausted and bitter, demanded real concessions, so the Tribunes Gaius Licinius Stolo and Lucius Sextius passed a law in 367 BC (the Licinio-Sextian law), which dealt with the economic plight of the Plebeians. However, the law also required the election of at least one Plebeian Consul each year. The opening of the Consulship to the Plebeians was probably the cause behind the concession of 366 BC, in which the Praetorship and Curule Aedileship were both created, but opened only to Patricians.
Shortly after the founding of the republic, the Centuriate Assembly became the principal Roman assembly in which magistrates were elected, laws were passed, and trials occurred. Also around this time, the Plebeians assembled into an informal Plebeian Curiate Assembly, which was the original Plebeian Council. Since they were organized on the basis of the Curia (and thus by clan), they remained dependent on their Patrician patrons. In 471 BC, a law was passed due to the efforts of the Tribune Volero Publilius, which allowed the Plebeians to organize by Tribe, rather than by Curia. Thus, the Plebeian Curiate Assembly became the Plebeian Tribal Assembly, and the Plebeians became politically independent.
During the regal period, the king nominated two quaestors to serve as his assistants, and after the overthrow of the monarchy, the Consuls retained this authority. However, in 447 BC, Cicero tells us that the Quaestors began to be elected by a tribal assembly that was presided over by a magistrate. It seems as though this was the first instance of a joint Patricio-Plebeian Tribal Assembly, and thus was probably an enormous gain for the Plebeians. While Patricians were able to vote in a joint assembly, there were never very many Patricians in Rome. Thus, most of the electors were Plebeians, and yet any magistrate elected by a joint assembly had jurisdiction over both Plebeians and Patricians. Therefore, for the first time, the Plebeians seemed to have indirectly acquired authority over Patricians. Most contemporary accounts of an assembly of the Tribes refer specifically to the Plebeian Council.
The distinction between the joint Tribal Assembly (composed of both Patricians and Plebeians) and the Plebeian Council (composed only of Plebeians) is not well defined in the contemporary accounts, and because of this, the very existence of a joint Tribal Assembly can only be assumed through indirect evidence. During the 4th century BC, a series of reforms were passed (the leges Valeriae Horatiae or the "laws of the Consul Publius Valerius Publicola and the Dictator Quintus Hortensius"), which ultimately required that any law passed by the Plebeian Council have the full force of law over both Plebeians and Patricians. This gave the Plebeian Tribunes, who presided over the Plebeian Council, a positive character for the first time. Before these laws were passed, Tribunes could only interpose the sacrosanctity of their person (intercessio) to veto acts of the senate, assemblies, or magistrates. It was a modification to the Valerian law in 449 BC which first allowed acts of the Plebeian Council to have the full force of law over both Plebeians and Patricians, but eventually the final law in the series was passed (the "Hortensian Law"), which removed the last check that the Patricians in the senate had over this power.
The end of the Conflict of the Orders (367–287 BC)
In the decades following the passage of the Licinio-Sextian law of 367 BE, a series of laws were passed which ultimately granted Plebeians political equality with Patricians. The Patrician era came to a complete end in 287 BC, with the passage of the Hortensian law. When the Curule Aedileship had been created, it had only been opened to Patricians. However, an unusual agreement was ultimately secured between the Plebeians and the Patricians. One year, the Curule Aedileship was to be open to Plebeians, and the next year, it was only to be open to Patricians. Eventually, however, this agreement was abandoned and the Plebeians won full admission to the Curule Aedileship. In addition, after the Consulship had been opened to the Plebeians, the Plebeians acquired a de facto right to hold both the Roman Dictatorship and the Roman Censorship since only former Consuls could hold either office. 356 BC saw the appointment of the first Plebeian Dictator, and in 339 BC the Plebeians facilitated the passage of a law (the lex Publilia), which required the election of at least one Plebeian Censor for each five-year term. In 337 BC, the first Plebeian Praetor (Q. Publilius Philo) was elected. In addition, during these years, the Plebeian Tribunes and the senators grew increasingly close. The senate realized the need to use Plebeian officials to accomplish desired goals, and so to win over the Tribunes, the senators gave the Tribunes a great deal of power, and unsurprisingly, the Tribunes began to feel obligated to the senate. As the Tribunes and the senators grew closer, Plebeian senators were often able to secure the Tribunate for members of their own families. In time, the Tribunate became a stepping stone to higher office.
During the era of the kingdom, the Roman King appointed new senators through a process called lectio senatus, but after the overthrow of the kingdom, the Consuls acquired this power. Around the middle of the 4th century BC, however, the Plebeian Council enacted the "Ovinian Plebiscite" (plebiscitum Ovinium), which gave the power to appoint new senators to the Roman Censors. It also codified a commonplace practice, which all but required the Censor to appoint any newly elected magistrate to the senate. While this was not an absolute requirement, the language in the law was so strict that the Censors rarely disobeyed it. It is not known what year this law was passed, although it was probably passed between the opening of the Censorship to Plebeians (in 339 BC) and the first known lectio senatus by a Censor (in 312 BC). By this point, Plebeians were already holding a significant number of magisterial offices, and so the number of Plebeian senators probably increased quickly. It was, in all likelihood, simply a matter of time before the Plebeians came to dominate the senate.
Under the new system, newly elected magistrates were awarded with automatic membership in the senate, although it remained difficult for a Plebeian from an unknown family to enter the senate. On the rare occasion that an individual of an unknown family (ignobilis) was elected to high office, it was usually due to the unusual character of that individual, as was the case for both Gaius Marius and Marcus Tullius Cicero. Several factors made it difficult for individuals from unknown families to be elected to high office, in particular the very presence of a long-standing nobility, as this appealed to the deeply rooted Roman respect for the past. In addition, elections were expensive, neither senators nor magistrates were paid, and the senate often did not reimburse magistrates for expenses associated with their official duties. Therefore, an individual usually had to be independently wealthy before seeking high office. Ultimately, a new Patricio-Plebeian aristocracy (nobilitas) emerged, which replaced the old Patrician nobility. It was the dominance of the long-standing Patrician nobility which ultimately forced the Plebeians to wage their long struggle for political power. The new nobility, however, was fundamentally different from the old nobility. The old nobility existed through the force of law, because only Patricians were allowed to stand for high office, and it was ultimately overthrown after those laws were changed. Now, however, the new nobility existed due to the organization of society, and as such, it could only be overthrown through a revolution.
The Conflict of the Orders was finally coming to an end, since the Plebeians had achieved political equality with the Patricians. A small number of Plebeian families had achieved the same standing that the old aristocratic Patrician families had always had, but these new Plebeian aristocrats were as uninterested in the plight of the average Plebeian as the old Patrician aristocrats had always been. During this time period, the Plebeian plight had been mitigated due to the constant state of war that Rome was in. These wars provided employment, income, and glory for the average Plebeian, and the sense of patriotism that resulted from these wars also eliminated any real threat of Plebeian unrest. The lex Publilia, which had required the election of at least one Plebeian Censor every five years, contained another provision. Before this time, any bill passed by an assembly (either by the Plebeian Council, the Tribal Assembly, or the Centuriate Assembly) could only become a law after the Patrician senators gave their approval. This approval came in the form of an auctoritas patrum ("authority of the fathers" or "authority of the Patrician senators"). The lex Publilia modified this process, requiring the auctoritas patrum to be passed before a law could be voted on by one of the assemblies, rather than after the law had already been voted on. It is not known why, but this modification seems to have made the auctoritas patrum irrelevant.
By 287 BC, the economic condition of the average Plebeian had become poor. The problem appears to have centered around widespread indebtedness, and the Plebeians quickly demanded relief. The senators, most of whom belonged to the creditor class, refused to abide by the demands of the Plebeians, and the result was the final Plebeian secession. The Plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill, and to end the secession, a Dictator named Quintus Hortensius was appointed. Hortensius, a Plebeian, passed a law called the "Hortensian Law" (lex Hortensia), which ended the requirement that an auctoritas patrum be passed before any bill could be considered by either the Plebeian Council or the Tribal Assembly. The requirement was not changed for the Centuriate Assembly. The Hortensian Law also reaffirmed the principle that an act of the Plebeian Council have the full force of law over both Plebeians and Patricians, which it had originally acquired as early as 449 BC. The importance of the Hortensian Law was in that it removed from the Patrician senators their final check over the Plebeian Council. It should therefore not be viewed as the final triumph of democracy over aristocracy, since, through the Tribunes, the senate could still control the Plebeian Council. Thus, the ultimate significance of this law was in the fact that it robbed the Patricians of their final weapon over the Plebeians. The result was that the ultimate control over the state fell, not onto the shoulders of democracy, but onto the shoulders of the new Patricio-Plebeian aristocracy.
Historicity
The traditional account was long accepted as factual, but it has a number of problems and inconsistencies, and almost every element of the story is controversial today; some scholars, such as Richard E. Mitchell, have even argued that there was no conflict at all, the Romans of the late Republic having interpreted events of their distant past as if they were comparable to the class struggles of their own time. The crux of the problem is that there is no contemporaneous account of the conflict; writers such as Polybius, who might have met persons whose grandparents participated in the conflict, do not mention it (which may not be surprising, since Polybius' history covered a period after the conflict), while the writers who do speak of the conflict, such as Livy or Cicero, are sometimes thought to have reported fact and fable equally readily, and sometimes assume that there were no fundamental changes in Roman institutions in nearly 500 years. However, there are numerous Roman and Greek authors who record the events which form part of the conflict of the orders, and they each rely on more ancient sources, and if the story were false it could only be because there were some great collusion between them to distort history or some deliberate fabrication of history, which seems unlikely.
For instance, the fasti report a number of consuls with plebeian names during the 5th century, when the consulate was supposedly only open to patricians, and explanations to the effect that previously patrician gentes somehow became plebeians later are difficult to prove. Another point of difficulty is the apparent absence of armed revolt; as the history of the late Republic shows, similar types of grievances tended to lead to bloodshed rather quickly, yet Livy's account seems to entail debate mostly, with the occasional threat of secessio. None of this is helped by our basic uncertainty as to who the plebs actually were; many of them are known to have been wealthy landowners, and the "lower class" label dates from the late Republic.
See also
Notes
References
Abbott, Frank Frost (1901). A History and Description of Roman Political Institutions. Elibron Classics ().
Byrd, Robert (1995). The Senate of the Roman Republic. U.S. Government Printing Office, Senate Document 103-23.
Cicero, Marcus Tullius (1841). The Political Works of Marcus Tullius Cicero: Comprising his Treatise on the Commonwealth; and his Treatise on the Laws. Translated from the original, with Dissertations and Notes in Two Volumes. By Francis Barham, Esq. London: Edmund Spettigue. Vol. 1.
Lintott, Andrew (1999). The Constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press ().
Polybius (1823). The General History of Polybius: Translated from the Greek. By James Hampton. Oxford: Printed by W. Baxter. Fifth Edition, Vol 2.
Taylor, Lily Ross (1966). Roman Voting Assemblies: From the Hannibalic War to the Dictatorship of Caesar. The University of Michigan Press ().
Kurt Raaflaub, ed. Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of Orders (University of California Press, 1986)
Shindler, Michael (2014). Patrician and Plebeian Sociopolitical Dynamics in Early Rome. The Apollonian Revolt.
Further reading
Ihne, Wilhelm. Researches Into the History of the Roman Constitution. William Pickering. 1853.
Johnston, Harold Whetstone. Orations and Letters of Cicero: With Historical Introduction, An Outline of the Roman Constitution, Notes, Vocabulary and Index. Scott, Foresman and Company. 1891.
Mommsen, Theodor. Roman Constitutional Law. 1871-1888
Tighe, Ambrose. The Development of the Roman Constitution. D. Apple & Co. 1886.
Von Fritz, Kurt. The Theory of the Mixed Constitution in Antiquity. Columbia University Press, New York. 1975.
The Histories by Polybius
Cambridge Ancient History, Volumes 9–13.
A. Cameron, The Later Roman Empire, (Fontana Press, 1993).
M. Crawford, The Roman Republic, (Fontana Press, 1978).
E. S. Gruen, "The Last Generation of the Roman Republic" (U California Press, 1974)
F. Millar, The Emperor in the Roman World, (Duckworth, 1977, 1992).
A. Lintott, "The Constitution of the Roman Republic" (Oxford University Press, 1999)
Primary sources
Cicero's De Re Publica, Book Two
Rome at the End of the Punic Wars: An Analysis of the Roman Government; by Polybius
Secondary sources
Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and their Decline, by Montesquieu
The Roman Constitution to the Time of Cicero
What a Terrorist Incident in Ancient Rome Can Teach Us
Category:Roman Republic |
Gaocun (disambiguation) | Gaocun (高村镇) is a town and the county seat of Mayang Miao Autonomous County in Hunan.
Gaocun may also refer to the following Chinese towns and townships:
Jiangxi
Gaocun, Wanzai (高村镇), a town of Wanzai County, Jiangxi, on List of township-level divisions of Jiangxi
Henan
Gaocun, Hebi (高村镇), a town of Qi County, Henan on List of township-level divisions of Henan
Gaocun, Xingyang (高村乡), a township of Xingyang City (), Henan
Gaocun, Xiuwu (高村乡), a township of Xiuwu County (), on List of township-level divisions of Henan
Gaocun, Luoyang (高村乡), a township of Yiyang County (), Luoyang prefecture-level city, Henan, on List of township-level divisions of Henan
Tianjin
Gaocun, Wuqing (高村镇) |
Athletics at the 2019 Summer Universiade – Men's 100 metres | The men's 100 metres event at the 2019 Summer Universiade was held on 8 and 9 July at the Stadio San Paolo in Naples.
Medalists
Results
Preliminaries
Qualification: First 2 in each heat (Q) and next 5 fastest (q) qualified for the heats.
Wind:Heat 1: -1.0 m/s, Heat 2: -0.4 m/s, Heat 3: -0.7 m/s, Heat 4: +1.5 m/s, Heat 5: +1.4 m/s
Heats
Qualification: First 3 in each heat (Q) and next 3 fastest (q) qualified for the semifinals.
Wind:Heat 1: +0.7 m/s, Heat 2: +0.7 m/s, Heat 3: +0.3 m/s, Heat 4: -0.4 m/s, Heat 5: -0.4 m/s, Heat 6: -0.2 m/s, Heat 7: 0.0 m/s, Heat 8: 0.0 m/s
Semifinals
Qualification: First 2 in each heat (Q) and next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
Wind:Heat 1: -0.4 m/s, Heat 2: +0.4 m/s, Heat 3: -0.2 m/s
Final
Wind: -0.1 m/s
References
100
2019 |
Donald M. Hultstrand | Donald Maynard Hultstrand (April 16, 1927 - December 21, 2018) was the ninth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Springfield.
Early and family life
Born on April 16, 1927 in Parkers Prairie, Minnesota, to Aaron Hultstrand and his wife, the former Selma Liljegren. Hultstrand graduated from Macalester College in 1950 and Bexley Hall Seminary in 1953. He received a M.Div. from Bexley in 1972 and a Doctor of Divinity degrees from Nashotah House in 1986. He was a member of Pi Phi Epsilon.
He married Marjorie Ann Richter in June 1948.
Ministry
He was ordained to the diaconate on June 14, 1953 by Bishop Kellogg, and to the priesthood on December 19, 1953 by Bishop Keeler. He was consecrated on February 6, 1982, and served a decade as bishop of Springfield, Illinois.
Hulstrand served several churches in Minnesota—initially as a vicar at St. John's in Worthington and Trinity in Luverne before becoming the diocesan youth advisor (1955–57) then rector in Wabasha (1957–61) and an instructor at the Brent School in Minneapolis (1961–62) and rector of St. Paul in Duluth (1969–75). He also served as rector of St. Mark's in Canton 1962–68, and was an honorary canon at Trinity Cathedral in Cleveland (1966–69), then accepted a call as an Associate at St. Andrews in Kansas City, Missouri 1(968-69). Immediately before his episcopate, Rev. Hulstrand was rector in Greeley, Colorado (1979-1982). He was Executive Director of the Anglican Fellowship of Prayer and President of the Living Church foundation beginning in 1992. Before his episcopate, Hultstrand received the Distinguished Service award from Young Life Minnesota (1974), and served on the board directors for Senior Citizens Housing in Duluth] (1972—1975) and for St. Luke's Hospital in Duluth (1969—1975). He was the president of the Low-Rent Housing Project in Greeley (1979—1982).
His published books and cassettes include: God Shall Wipe Away All Tears, Revelations of Effective Prayer, Life in the Spirit, Holy Living Today and The Praying Church.
In retirement, he was affiliated with Christ Episcopal Church in Greenville, South Carolina.
See also
List of bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America
List of Macalester College people
References
Category:Episcopal bishops of Minnesota
Category:Macalester College alumni
Category:People from Springfield, Illinois
Category:Place of birth missing
Category:1927 births
Category:2018 deaths |
Vulcan (EP) | Vulcan is the first studio album by the rock band Snake River Conspiracy. It was released in 1999. The five-song EP contains three renditions of the title track, along with a b-side and a cover song of the Beatles classic, She Said She Said. The song Vulcan was also included on the band's debut album, Sonic Jihad, which came out almost exactly six months after this EP.
Track listing
Vulcan
She Said She Said
Coke & Vaseline
Vulcan (Johnny Vicious Remix)
Vulcan (Loadblower Mix)
References
Category:1999 EPs
Category:Albums produced by David Kahne
Category:Albums produced by Jason Slater
Category:Albums produced by Eric Valentine
Category:Snake River Conspiracy albums |
Lem Harkey | Lem Harkey Jr. (January 7, 1934 – July 3, 2004) was an American football fullback. He played for San Francisco 49ers in 1955. He played college football for the College of Emporia Fighting Presbies in Emporia, Kansas.
In college, Harkey was all-conference and all-American at College of Emporia as a fullback and averaged 8.2 yards per carry through all his college years. In 1953, his senior year, he led the nation with 168 yards per game.
References
External links
Category:1934 births
Category:2004 deaths
Category:American football fullbacks
Category:College of Emporia Fighting Presbies football players
Category:San Francisco 49ers players
Category:Sportspeople from Oklahoma City
Category:Players of American football from Oklahoma |
Feedback File 2 | is the third compilation album by Japanese rock band Asian Kung-Fu Generation, released on February 26, 2014. The album consists of B-side tracks from previously released studio singles, recordings of live performances, tracks from previous Nano-Mugen Compilations and two new songs yet to be released on an album, "Rolling Stone" and "Slow Down". The limited edition two-disc DVD version includes live footage from the band's European and Asian tours in 2013.
Track listing
DVD
2013 European Tour
"Blue Train" (ブルートレイン) (31 May 1013 at O2 Academy Islington, UK)
"Re:Re:"(2 June 2013 at Le Bataclan, France)
"Haruka Kanata" (遥か彼方) (3 June at Gloria, Germany)
TOKYO FM present EARTH×HEART PROJECT
ASIAN KUNG-FU GENERATION×STRAIGHTENER -10th Anniversary- ASIA CIRCUIT
"Solanin" (ソラニン) (17 December 2013 at UNIQLO AX, Korea)
"Kimi to Iu Hana" (君という花) (20 December 2013 at SCAPE - The Ground Theatre, Singapore)
"1980" (22 December 2013 at Legacy Taipei, Taiwan)
Personnel
Masafumi Gotō – lead vocals, guitar
Kensuke Kita – lead guitar, background vocals
Takahiro Yamada – bass, background vocals
Kiyoshi Ijichi – drums
Asian Kung-Fu Generation – producer
References
CDJapan
Category:Asian Kung-Fu Generation albums
Category:2014 compilation albums
Category:Japanese-language compilation albums
Category:Sony Music compilation albums |
1972 Jordan League | Statistics of Jordan League in the 1972 season.
Overview
Al-Faysali won the championship.
References
RSSSF
External links
Jordan Football Association website
Category:Jordan League seasons
Jordan
Jordan
football |
Augustus Herman Pettibone | Augustus Herman Pettibone (January 21, 1835 – November 26, 1918) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 1st congressional district of Tennessee.
Biography
Pettibone was born in Bedford, Ohio, in Cuyahoga County, Ohio son of Augustus N. and Nancy L. (Hathaway) Pettibone. He graduated from Hiram College in Ohio and then from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1859. He studied law, with the Hon. Jonathan E. Arnold, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and was admitted to the bar in 1860. He then commenced practice in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He was married three times. On July 16, 1868, he married Mary C. Speck, of Rogersville, Tennessee, daughter of George C. Speck. His second wife was Sara Bradford Young, and his third wife was Serafina Deery M. Trigg.
Career
During the American Civil War, Pettibone enlisted as a private in the Union Army in 1861 and was promoted to second lieutenant, captain, and major in the 20th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment.
Pettibone continued the practice of law in Greeneville, Tennessee, in 1865. He served as an alderman of Greenville from 1866 to 1868. He was an attorney general for the first judicial circuit of Tennessee in 1869 and 1870. He was appointed an assistant United States district attorney for the eastern district of Tennessee on December 27, 1871, serving until 1880. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1880.
Elected as a Republican to the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth, and Forty-ninth Congresses, Pettibone served from March 4, 1881 to March 3, 1887. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1886, but resumed the practice of law and served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1897 to 1899. He was appointed a special agent of the General Land Office and served from July 17, 1899 to January 31, 1905, when he resigned.
Death
Pettibone died in Nashville, Tennessee, and is interred in Nashville National Cemetery in Madison, Tennessee, in Davidson County, Tennessee.
References
External links
Category:1835 births
Category:1918 deaths
Category:People from Bedford, Ohio
Category:Tennessee Republicans
Category:Hiram College alumni
Category:University of Michigan alumni
Category:Union Army officers
Category:Tennessee city council members
Category:Members of the Tennessee House of Representatives
Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Category:People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
Category:Politicians from La Crosse, Wisconsin
Category:People from Greeneville, Tennessee
Category:People from Nashville, Tennessee
Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Category:Tennessee lawyers
Category:Wisconsin lawyers
Category:19th-century American politicians |
Janet Afary | Janet Afary is an Iranian author, feminist activist and researcher in history, religious studies and women studies. She now lives in the United States of America, and teaches at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Career
Her research field includes politics of contemporary Iran and gender and sexuality in modern Middle East. She is known for her writings and research on the Iranian Constitutional Revolution.
Afary is a professor of Religious Studies at the University of California Santa Barbara. She received her M.A. from University of Tehran. In 1991, she received her Ph.D in History and Near East studies from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She was the recipient of the Horace H. Rackham Distinguished Dissertation Award from the University of Michigan.
Bibliography
The Iranian Constitutional Revolution: Grassroots Democracy, Social Democracy, and the Origins of Feminism (Columbia University Press, 1996)
Foucault and the Iranian Revolution: Gender and the Seductions of Islamism (University of Chicago Press, 2005), with Kevin Anderson.
Sexual Politics in Modern Iran (Cambridge University Press, 2009).
Personal life
Afary is married to Kevin B. Anderson, Professor of Sociology, Political Science, and Feminist Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. They have a daughter Lena T. Afary and a granddaughter Leila Afary Lucas.
See also
Politics of Iran
Sources
External links
Janet Afary's Official Website
Category:Iranian expatriate academics
Category:Iranian writers
Category:Iranian women writers
Category:Iranian emigrants to the United States
Category:Living people
Category:Iranian women academics
Category:University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
Category:University of Tehran alumni
Category:University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
Category:American people of Iranian descent
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) |
List of diplomatic missions of Sweden | This is a list of diplomatic missions of Sweden. Sweden has a moderately sized diplomatic network of 80 embassies and 7 consulates general, supplemented by honorary consulates, cultural centres and trade missions. In countries where there is no Swedish mission, according to the Helsinki treaty, public officials in the foreign services of any of the Nordic countries are to assist citizens of another Nordic country if that country is not represented in the territory concerned.
Of note Sweden was the first Western country to have an embassy in Pyongyang. The embassy in Pyongyang continues to provide limited consular services to citizens of several Western countries without a presence in North Korea and acts as the consular protecting power of the United States, Canada, and Australia since 1995.
In January 2010, the Swedish Foreign Ministry announced that its embassies in Bratislava (Slovakia), Dakar (Senegal), Dublin (Ireland), Ljubljana (Slovenia), Luxembourg (Luxembourg), and Sofia (Bulgaria) would be closed down, while existing section offices in Pristina, Tbilisi, Chisinau, Tirana, Bamako, Ouagadougou, Monrovia, Kigali, La Paz and Phnom Penh would be upgraded to embassies.
In December 2010, it was announced by the Swedish Foreign Ministry that an additional five embassies would close down; the embassies affected were the ones in Brussels, Belgium, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Hanoi, Vietnam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Luanda, Angola.
In August 2011, an agreement between the Social Democrats and the current cabinet of Sweden was announced, with the purpose of keeping the Swedish embassies in Argentina, Vietnam, Malaysia and Angola open.
In August 30, 2012, Sweden closed its embassy in Minsk, with the Estonian Embassy charged with representing Swedish interests in Belarus.
In November 2, 2016 the Swedish Embassy was re-opened in Lima, Peru. Six days later, on November 8, the Swedish Embassy in Manila, Philippines, was re-opened, eight years after it was closed down.
Africa
Algiers (Embassy)
Luanda (Embassy)
Ouagadougou (Embassy)
Kinshasa (Embassy)
Cairo (Embassy)
Addis Ababa (Embassy)
Nairobi (Embassy)
Monrovia (Embassy)
Bamako (Embassy)
Rabat (Embassy)
Maputo (Embassy)
Abuja (Embassy)
Kigali (Embassy)
Pretoria (Embassy)
Khartoum (Embassy)
Dar es Salaam (Embassy)
Tunis (Embassy)
Kampala (Embassy)
Lusaka (Embassy)
Harare (Embassy)
Americas
Buenos Aires (Embassy)
La Paz (Embassy)
Brasília (Embassy)
Ottawa (Embassy)
Santiago (Embassy)
Bogotá (Embassy)
Havana (Embassy)
Guatemala City (Embassy)
Mexico City (Embassy)
Lima (Embassy)
Washington, D.C. (Embassy)
New York City (Consulate-General)
Asia
Kabul (Embassy)
Yerevan (Embassy)
Baku (Embassy)
Dhaka (Embassy)
Phnom Penh (Embassy)
Beijing (Embassy)
Hong Kong (Consulate-General)
Shanghai (Consulate-General)
Nicosia (Embassy)
Tbilisi (Embassy)
New Delhi (Embassy)
Jakarta (Embassy)
Tehran (Embassy)
Baghdad (Embassy)
Tel Aviv (Embassy)
Jerusalem (Consulate-General)
Tokyo (Embassy)
Amman (Embassy)
Nur-Sultan (Embassy)
Beirut (Embassy)
Kuala Lumpur (Embassy)
Pyongyang (Embassy)
Islamabad (Embassy)
Manila (Embassy)
Doha (Embassy)
Riyadh (Embassy)
Singapore (Embassy)
Seoul (Embassy)
Damascus (Embassy)
Taipei (Swedish Trade and Invest Council)
Bangkok (Embassy)
Ankara (Embassy)
Istanbul (Consulate-General)
Abu Dhabi (Embassy)
Hanoi (Embassy)
Europe
Tirana (Embassy)
Vienna (Embassy)
Minsk (Embassy)
Sarajevo (Embassy)
Zagreb (Embassy)
Prague (Embassy)
Copenhagen (Embassy)
Tallinn (Embassy)
Helsinki (Embassy)
Mariehamn (Consulate-General)
Paris (Embassy)
Berlin (Embassy)
Athens (Embassy)
Stockholm (Embassy)
Rome (Chancery)
Budapest (Embassy)
Reykjavík (Embassy)
Rome (Embassy)
Pristina (Embassy)
Riga (Embassy)
Vilnius (Embassy)
Chişinău (Embassy)
The Hague (Embassy)
Skopje (Embassy)
Oslo (Embassy)
Warsaw (Embassy)
Lisbon (Embassy)
Bucharest (Embassy)
Moscow (Embassy)
Saint Petersburg (Consulate-General)
Belgrade (Embassy)
Madrid (Embassy)
Bern (Embassy)
Kiev (Embassy)
London (Embassy)
Oceania
Canberra (Embassy)
Multilateral organizations
Brussels (Permanent Missions to the European Union and NATO)
Geneva (Permanent Mission to the Office of the United Nations and other international organizations)
New York City (Permanent Mission to the United Nations)
Strasbourg (Mission to the Council of Europe)
Paris (Permanent Missions to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and UNESCO)
Vienna (Mission to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe)
See also
Foreign relations of Sweden
Sweden and the United Nations
List of diplomatic missions of the Nordic countries
Notes
References
External links
Official website of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden
Diplomatic missions
Sweden |
Louis Frederick of Saxe-Hildburghausen | Louis Frederick of Saxe-Hildburghausen (11 September 1710, Hildburghausen – 10 June 1759, Nijmegen), was a Prince of Saxe-Hildburghausen and General Field Marshal in the Bavarian army.
Life
Louis Frederick was the younger son of Duke Ernest Frederick I of Saxony-Hildburghausen and his wife Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach. In his youth he joined the Imperial military service and was trained by Friedrich Heinrich von Seckendorff. In 1738, he was promoted to major general, in 1739 to Generalfeldwachtmeister. Also in 1739, he participated in a campaign in Hungary against Turkey. In 1741, he left the imperial service and joined the Bavarian army, where he played a role in the War of the Austrian Succession. In 1742, he was promoted to General Field Marshal Lieutenant. Emperor Charles VII gave him the infantry regiment Holnstein and in 1743 promoted him to General Field Marshal. Also in 1743, when he was commander of the besieged town of Braunau am Inn, he minted tin and lead emergency coins.
Elector Maximilian III Joseph of Bavaria promoted him in 1745 to commander of all the Bavarian troops. He continued fighting in the War of the Austrian Succession in 1746-1748 in the Netherlands, where he had his own regiment, named Hildburghausen. In 1748, he resigned from Bavarian service and returned to his hometown.
He married on 4 May 1749 in Weikersheim Christiane Louise (1713–1778), daughter of Duke Joachim Frederick Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön and widow of Count Louis Albert of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim. The marriage remained childless. Through financial contributions of the house of Hohenlohe, the prince managed to complete an expensive restoration of Hellingen manor. Pursued by creditors, he returned to active service in the Netherlands.
He died in 1759, as governor of Nijmegen.
Ancestors
References and sources
Heinrich Ferdinand Schoeppl: Die Herzoge von Sachsen-Altenburg, Bozen, 1917, reprinted Altenburg, 1992
Oliver Heyn: Militärisches Prestige und finanzielle Absicherung. Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Hildburghausen im Dienst der Vereinigten Niederlande (1680-1760), in: Zeitschrift für Thüringische Geschichte 71 (2017), S. 45–72.
Dr. Rudolf Armin Human: Chronik der Stadt Hildburghausen, Hildburghausen, 1886
Category:Dukes of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Category:House of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Category:House of Wettin
Category:1710 births
Category:1759 deaths
Category:18th-century German people
Category:Generals of the Holy Roman Empire |
Zalipais bruniense | Zalipais bruniense is a species of microscopic sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Skeneidae.
Description
The height of the shell attains 0.5 mm, its diameter 0.9 mm.
Distribution
This marine species is endemic to Australia, occurring off South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and in the Bass Strait.
References
Cotton, B.C. 1959. South Australian Mollusca. Archaeogastropoda. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Adelaide : South Australian Government Printer 449 pp.
bruniense
Category:Gastropods of Australia
Category:Gastropods described in 1883 |
Holoaden luederwaldti | Holoaden luederwaldti is a species of frog in the Craugastoridae family.
It is endemic to Brazil.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rocky areas.
It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
Category:Holoaden
Category:Endemic fauna of Brazil
Category:Amphibians of Brazil
Category:Taxa named by Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro
Category:Amphibians described in 1920
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Torosyan | Torosyan () is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ara Torosyan (born 1972), Armenian arranger and record producer
David Torosyan (born 1950), Soviet boxer
Krikor Torosyan (1884–1915), Armenian satirical writer, journalist, and publisher
Tigran Torosyan (born 1956), Armenian politician and statesman
See also
Torossian
Category:Armenian-language surnames |
Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand | Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand is a Hindi TV serial that aired on Star Plus. The show's director, producer and actress is Aruna Irani. It originally aired from 29 October 2001 to 4 April 2005 on Star Plus every Monday at 9 P.M.
Plot
The story is about the family of Pritam Singh, an NRI who settled in the United Kingdom. The show is largely centered on Pritam's granddaughter, Parminder (Sangeeta Ghosh), who holds traditional Indian values. The story takes off when Parminder meets Dev (Varun Badola) at her cousin's wedding in Chandigarh. They fall in love, but Pammi is already engaged to Dr. Rohan in London. They eventually get married, but alas happiness is not written in their destiny as Dev's ex-fiancé Anu marries Pammi's brother and has made it her task in taking revenge on Pammi by ending her and Dev's marriage.
This is a story of love, revenge and hate as the twists and turns in this story determine the fate of the lives of Pammi and Dev.
Cast
Sangeeta Ghosh as Parminder (Pammi) Singh Kent / Parminder Dev Malik / Parminder Rohan Malhotra / Mahi Malik (Gungun) (Dev & Pammi's Daughter) / Mahi Mathur (Sharad's Adopted Daughter) / Mahi Rajveer Kapoor
Varun Badola as Dev Malik / Rohit Sharma (Plastic Surgery) / Bhola
Amar Upadhyay as Rohit Sharma / Dev Malik (Raj) (Plastic Surgery)
Siddharth Dhawan as Dr. Rohan Malhotra (Pammi's Ex-Husband)
Arun Bali as Pritam Singh Kent (Pammi's Grandfather)
Vineeta Malik as Sukhwant Pritam Singh Kent (Pammi's Grandmother)
Yatin Karyekar as Rajinder Singh Kent (Pammi's Father)
Aruna Irani as Teji Rajinder Singh Kent (Pammi's Mother)
Swapnil Joshi as Samarjeet (Sam) Singh Kent (Pammi's Younger Brother)
Sweta Keswani as Anu Khurana / Anu Samarjeet Singh Kent
Romanchak Arora as Akash Mehra (Dingy's Husband)
Hansika Motwani as Child Tina Singh Kent
Urvashi Dholakia as Preet (Pammi's Friend)
Mohan Azad as Vikramjeet
Ranjeev Verma as Satish
Kulbir Baderson as Kuljeet (Satish's Wife)
Satyen Kappu as Jaswant Singh
Rajesh Kumar as Narendra Singh (Jaswant's Son)
Falguni Parekh as Madhu Rajinder Singh Kent / Reena Thapar
Kishwer Merchant as Sonam (Samarjeet's Friend)
Ashlesha Sawant as Anjali Rohit Sharma
Sai Ballal as Inspector Verma
Anant Jog as Sharath Patil / Shankar Patil
Adi Irani as John
Paritosh Sand as Advocate Sharad Mathur
Aashish Kaul as DIG Arjun Deshmukh / ACP Arjun Deshmukh
Rocky Verma as Hospital Incharge
Karishma Tanna as Tina Singh Kent (Rajinder & Madhu's Daughter, Pammi's Stepsister)
Neha Mehta as Heer Yash Diwan (Fake Gungun)
Rohit Roy as Yash Diwan / Karan Thakur
Rajiv Kumar as Kukku
Sheela Sharma as Sanjyoth (Kukku's Wife)
Sushmita Daan as Richa Sharma (Rohit & Anjali's Daughter) / Richa Yash Diwan
Ankur Nayyar as Rajveer Kapoor
Tasneem Sheikh as Priya Mathur (Sharad's Daughter)
Vishal Watwani as Abhay
Neena Gupta as Mrs. Diwan
Amit Singh Thakur as Mr. Diwan / Mr. Malhotra (Yash & Rajveer's Father)
Himanshi Chaudhary as Dingy Singh Kent (Pammi's Younger Sister) / Dingy Akash Mehra
Awards
Indian Telly Awards - winners
In 2002
Best Costumes for a TV show - Ritu Deora
In 2003
Best Programme of the Year
Weekly Serial of the Year Shared with Sanjivani
Best Title Singer for a TV Show - Sukhwinder Singh
Best Director of the Year - Aruna Irani
Best Child Artist of the Year - Hansika Motwani
In 2004
Best Weekly Serial
References
External links
Des Mein Niklla Hoga Chand Official Site
Category:Star Plus television series
Category:Indian television series
Category:2001 Indian television series debuts
Category:2005 Indian television series endings
Category:Television shows set in Punjab, India
Category:Television shows set in London
Category:2000s Indian television series
Category:Star Utsav |
Adam G. Simon | Adam Gregory Simon (born March 13, 1977) is an American actor and writer. He started his professional career as an actor in theatre with roles in the early 2000s and then made his television and film debut. Simon is the writer of Man Down, a post-apocalyptic thriller directed by Dito Montiel which stars Shia LaBeouf, Kate Mara, Gary Oldman, Jai Courtney and Clifton Collins, Jr..
Adam is also the writer of Point Blank, an action thriller for Gaumont Films and Netflix, based on the Fred Cavaye French Film, A Bout Portant.
In 2018 Adam partnered with filmmaker Joe Carnahan, co-writing a reimagining of the popular cult film, The Raid, originally directed by Gareth Evans.
In 2015 Simon wrote Synapse, a film where he made his theatrical acting debut. Synapse starred Sophina Brown, Henry Simmons, Joshua Alba and Simon himself. Synapse is the first theatrical content produced by Los Angeles Center Studios and Hollywood Locations.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
at Wizard World
at Movie Pilot
at Variety
at Synapse
at MVP Life
at Binge Media
Category:1977 births
Category:20th-century American male actors
Category:21st-century American male actors
Category:Male actors from California
Category:American male film actors
Category:American male television actors
Category:Living people |
Dawu County, Sichuan | Dawu County (), also written Tawu County or Daofu County (), is a county of northwestern Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and , had a population of 46,900 residing in an area of . By road it is from Kangding, the prefectural seat, and from Chengdu, the provincial capital. It borders the counties of Xinlong to the west, Kangding and Yajiang to the south, and Jinchuan and Zamtang of Ngawa Prefecture as well as Luhuo to the north.
In January 1981 it was struck by an earthquake.
Climate
References
External links
See this link for a book-length study of a Tibetan village in Dawu County:
http://tibetanplateau.wikischolars.columbia.edu/Volume+Fifteen--Rgyalrong+Tibetan+Village
Category:Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Category:County-level divisions of Sichuan |
Beaumont-les-Nonains | Beaumont-les-Nonains is a former commune in the Oise department in northern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Les Hauts Talican.
Population
See also
Communes of the Oise department
References
Category:Former communes of Oise |
Chenhalls | Chenhalls is a hamlet in the parish of St Erth (where the 2011 census was included), Cornwall, England. It is situated about north-east of the village of St Erth. Chenhalls lies on the east bank of the river Hayle at about above sea level.
References
Category:Hamlets in Cornwall |
Dresslerella | Dresslerella is a genus of miniature orchids, with about 13 species native to South and Central America. The genus is named after orchidologist Robert L. Dressler. Some species are noted to be pubescent.
List of species
Dresslerella archilae Luer & Béhar, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 140 (1995).
Dresslerella caesariata Luer, Selbyana 2: 185 (1978).
Dresslerella cloesii Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 277 (2005).
Dresslerella elvallensis Luer, Selbyana 3: 2 (1976).
Dresslerella hirsutissima (C.Schweinf.) Luer, Selbyana 2: 185 (1978).
Dresslerella hispida (L.O.Williams) Luer, Selbyana 3: 4 (1976).
Dresslerella lasiocampa Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 103: 278 (2005).
Dresslerella pertusa (Dressler) Luer, Selbyana 3: 6 (1976).
Dresslerella pilosissima (Schltr.) Luer, Selbyana 2: 185 (1978).
Dresslerella portillae Luer & Hirtz, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 102 (2002).
Dresslerella powellii (Ames) Luer, Selbyana 3: 8 (1976).
Dresslerella sijmiana Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 103 (2002).
Dresslerella stellaris Luer & R.Escobar, Selbyana 2: 188 (1978).
References
(1976) Selbyana 3(1): 1.
(2006) Epidendroideae (Part One). Genera Orchidacearum 4: 352 ff. Oxford University Press.
External links
*
Category:Epidendreae genera |
Australian Institute of Management Education and Training | The Australian Institute of Management Education and Training Pty Ltd, commonly known as AIM or AIMET, is an Australian education provider. Its courses include business, management and leadership. AIM offers short courses, nationally accredited qualifications, post-graduate higher education and corporate solutions. Campuses and offices are located in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Queensland, South Australia and Victoria.
AIM is an approved Higher Education provider (Provider ID PRV12071), listed on the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency’s (TEQSA) national register. AIMET is an approved FEE-HELP provider.
In addition, AIM is a Registered Training Organisation (RTO No.0049), listed on the National Register of VET.
In October 2015, AIMET became part of Scentia Australia Pty Ltd.
Courses
AIM has over 80 short courses, including:
Management and Leadership
Project Management
Human Resources
Sales and Marketing
Professional Development
AIM offers a range of Certificates, Diplomas and Advanced Diplomas.
AIM Business School offers accredited postgraduate programs. Management experience counts towards eligibility for these courses.
AIM Business School offers the Graduate Certificate in Management, Graduate Diploma in Management, and Master of Business Administration.
Centre of Public Management is a division of AIMET that provides training to public sector departments in Canberra.
References
Category:Schools in Australia |
Tigerair | Tiger Airways Singapore Pte Ltd, operating as Tigerair, was a budget airline headquartered in Singapore. It operated services to regional destinations in Southeast Asia, Bangladesh, Taiwan, China and India from its main base at Singapore Changi Airport. It was founded as an independent airline in 2003, and was listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange under the Tiger Airways Holdings name in 2010. In October 2014, parent company Tiger Airways Holdings became a subsidiary of the SIA Group, who took a 56% ownership stake.
On 18 May 2016, Singapore Airlines established Budget Aviation Holdings, a holding company to own and manage its budget airlines Scoot and Tiger Airways following the delisting of Tiger Airways from the Singapore Stock Exchange. Tigerair merged with Scoot on 25 July 2017, operating under the Scoot brand.
History
Establishment
Tiger Airways Singapore was incorporated on 12 December 2003 and began ticket sales on 31 August 2004. It has its head office in the Honeywell Building in Changi, Singapore.
Services commenced on 15 September 2004 to Bangkok. Scheduled international services are operated from Singapore Changi Airport. The airline is a subsidiary of Tiger Airways Holdings, a Singapore-based company.
In 2006, the airline flew 1.2 million passengers, a growth of 75% from the previous year.
The airline was the first to operate from the Budget Terminal at Changi Airport as part of its cost-saving operations structure, similar to Ryanair's. Despite regional competition, the airline has reiterated its current intention to remain focused on flying within a five-hour radius from its Singaporean base.
As of 25 September 2012, Tigerair Singapore operates from Singapore Changi Airport Terminal 2 due to the demolition of the Budget Terminal to make way for Terminal 4, completed in 2017.
Route Strategy
The airline flew into a period of relative difficulty for the aviation industry with rising oil prices and intense competition from other airlines. The airline held off imposing fuel surcharges as its competitors had done.
With Singapore Airlines (SIA) having a stake in the airline, the airline occasionally fills in the gap when SIA drops its services from certain destinations. Macau, once served by SIA before being taken up by its subsidiary, SilkAir, in 2002, terminated all flights completely by the end of 2004. Three months later, the route was taken over by Tigerair with flights commencing 25 March 2005. A similar pattern can be observed in Krabi, where SilkAir suspended services in February 2005 in the wake of the effects of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. Tigerair resumed direct services to the location from 7 October 2005.
In late July 2005, it was announced that the airline would commence flights from Macau to Manila (Clark) on 30 October 2005, a much-heralded move as it may signal the establishment of a secondary base besides Singapore, allowing the airline to expand and diversify risks.
On 21 September 2005 the company produced a report card on its first year of operations, with a total of over 500,000 passengers carried, 5000 scheduled flights flown, and a flight completion rate of 98.7 per cent. 94 per cent of flight departures and 90 per cent of arrivals took place according to schedule. It acquired four aircraft and launched a total of nine routes – of which four are flown exclusively by the airline – during the year.
The airline expected to increase its fleet to nine Airbus A320 aircraft by end 2006, and to carry up to three million passengers a year by then. It also hoped to add six more routes during the year, primarily to destinations in China and India, with flights to Southern China having commenced April.
The airline also announced its switch from Singapore Airport Terminal Services to Swissport for ground handling once it became the first airline to operate at the newly opened Budget Terminal in Changi Airport on 26 March 2006.
Tigerair became the first Singaporean low-cost carrier to receive operating permits from the Chinese aviation authorities to fly to the southern Chinese cities of Haikou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen in an announcement on 21 February 2006. Ticket sales to these destinations commenced 24 February 2006, with the first flight to Shenzhen taking place on 15 April, to Haikou from 26 April and to Guangzhou from 27 April 2006. The airline has since indicated that the routes were highly popular, with increased flights to Haikou and Guangzhou less than three months since their launch.
In June 2006, flights to Da Nang were suspended. On 20 July 2006, the media reported on the airline's intentions to increase its routes from 15 to 20 and to establish a second base city by the end of the year. Possible growth regions included China, Southern India, Cambodia and Brunei.
The airline's plan for a possible initial public offering was also revealed. At the same time, it announced that it saw an increase of 81 per cent in passengers carried in the months of April to June since its move to the Budget Terminal in March, compared to the same period in the previous year. Tigerair started services from Singapore to Perth on 23 March 2007.
On 25 October 2010, Tigerair announced that it will withdraw from Bangalore effective 14 November 2010, citing no reason. Tigerair resumed its flights between Singapore and Bangalore from 31 October 2011.
On 19 August 2015, Tigerair announced it is expanding its network with the addition of Quanzhou and Lucknow as new destinations, commencing services on 28 September and 3 December respectively.
Merging with Scoot
On 4 November 2016, the parent company of Tigerair, Singapore Airlines announced a merger of Tigerair and Scoot with Tigerair coming into the Scoot brand. It will allow both airlines to achieve synergies in fare costs and revenue and operate under the same Air operator's certificate or AOC. Tigerair officially merged with Scoot and began operating under the Scoot brand on 25 July 2017, while the rebranding will leave the joint-venture Tigerair Australia and Tigerair Taiwan intact as Tigerair Australia 100% owned by Virgin Australia (Virgin Australia retains the Tigerair name and acquire the brand rights for Tigerair to operate to some international destinations from Australia.), while Tigerair Taiwan co-owned by China Airlines (80%) and its subsidiary Mandarin Airlines (10%) (with Tigerair hold 10%), respectively.
Destinations
At the time of its integration with Scoot, Tigerair flew from Singapore to 38 destinations, for merged network see List of Scoot destinations.
Codeshare agreements
Tigerair had a codeshare agreement with:
Golden Myanmar Airlines (suspended from 22 April 2015)
On 16 May 2016, Tigerair joined the world's largest low-cost carrier alliance, Value Alliance. The new alliance was started with Philippines' Cebu Pacific, South Korea's Jeju Air, Thailand's Nok Air and NokScoot, Tigerair Singapore, Tigerair Australia and Japan's Vanilla Air.
Corporate management
Tigerair's original founding shareholders were Singapore Airlines (49%), Bill Franke's Indigo Partners (24%); Tony Ryan's Irelandia Investments (16%) and Temasek Holdings (11%).
Tigerair Singapore is wholly owned by Tiger Airways Holdings Limited, a holding company set up in 2007 to manage both Tiger Airways and start-up Australian subsidiary Tigerair Australia, which has since been disposed to Virgin Australia. Tiger Airways Holdings Limited is listed on SGX since 2010.
In October 2014, the Singapore Airlines group increased its stake to take a majority ownership in Tiger Airways Holdings, and according to the 2015 Annual Report Singapore Airlines Limited has a 56% ownership of the company:
In November 2015, Singapore Airlines announced an offer to acquire the remaining 44.23% stake in Tiger Airways Holdings Limited for $0.41 per share. This represents a $0.10 premium, or 32% more than the price before the takeover was announced. The offer was conditional upon Singapore Airlines owning more than 90% of Tiger Airways, however Singapore Airlines has since extended the offer until 8 January 2016, for it currently only owns 74.5% of Tigerair.
Business trends
The following table shows the business trends of Tigerair Singapore, excluding other Tigerair subsidiaries and associated airlines.
Fleet
At the time the airline merged with Scoot, the Tigerair fleet consisted of the following aircraft:
On 21 June 2007, Tigerair announced it had signed a letter of intent to purchase 30 aircraft worth US$2.2 billion, with another 20 on option. These would be delivered between 2011 and 2014. On 10 October 2007, Tigerair confirmed the letter of intent signed in June. The new aircraft will be deployed in Tigerair's Asia-Pacific network and the domestic operations in Australia. On 18 December 2007, Tigerair announced that it had taken up the options and made further orders to take their fleet of Airbus A320s to 70 in total.
On 24 March 2014, Tigerair signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Airbus for the purchase of 37 Airbus A320neo aircraft with 13 options. The aircraft will be powered by Pratt & Whitney PW1100 engines.
In October 2014, Tigerair announced that a total of 12 aircraft will be subleased to IndiGo over a period of three to four years. This is to reduce excess capacity significantly and thereby lowering related leasing costs.
In-flight
Seating
All aircraft offered single-class economy seating of 144 and 180 seats in the Airbus A319 and A320 aircraft respectively. The seat pitch is approximately for standard rows and for exit rows and seat width of approximately .
Food and beverage
Tigerair offered food and beverages available for purchase as part of a buy on board programme - Tigerbites. The menu offers light meals such as instant noodles, sandwiches and salads. Hot and cold beverages as well as liquor are also available for purchase.
Entertainment
An in-flight magazine, Tiger Tales, was provided as free reading material for passengers.
See also
Tiger Airways Holdings
Tigerair Mandala
Tigerair Australia
Cebgo
Tigerair Taiwan
Tiger Group destinations
References
External links
Category:Defunct airlines of Singapore
Category:Airlines established in 2003
Category:Airlines disestablished in 2017
Category:Defunct low-cost airlines
Category:Singaporean brands
Category:2003 establishments in Singapore
Category:2017 disestablishments in Singapore
Category:Singapore Airlines
Category:Value Alliance
Category:Former Star Alliance affiliate members |
New Brunswick Route 172 | Route 172 is a -long mostly north–south secondary highway in southwest New Brunswick, Canada.
Route description
The route's northern terminus is at the intersection of Route 780 and Route 1 (exit 56) in Upper Letang, New Brunswick. The road is a continuation of Poor House Hill Road and it also known as Mt. Pleasant Road. From there, it runs west to the community of St. George and passes the Magaguadavic Basin. From there, the highway goes south through a mostly forested area before passing the west shore of Scotch Bay. Route 172 continues to the community of L'Etang.
The road continues southwest past Browns Cove and Spragues Cove before arriving in the community of Back Bay next to the Bay of Fundy. In Back Bay, the route takes a sharp turn heading west towards the small community of L'Etete. It L'Etele, Route 172 takes a sharp turn south past Matthews Cove and finally the route heads west to the Deer Island Ferry to Deer Island. On Deer Island, the continuation of Route 172 is numbered 772.
History
Route 172 was commissioned in 2001 as a renumbering of the mainland portion of Route 772, which still exists on Deer Island.
References
172
172
Category:2001 establishments in New Brunswick |
Michelle Rzepecki | Michelle Rzepecki (born 6 November 1986) is an Australian goalball player classified as a B3 competitor. She made her debut for the Australia women's national goalball team at the 2011 African-Oceania regional Paralympic qualifying competition. She was selected to represent Australia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in goalball.
Personal life
Rzepecki was born on 6 November 1986 in Wollstonecraft, New South Wales, and is tall. She has the visual disability rod monochromatism, which she acquired at birth. She can play the saxophone and piano. Rzepecki is a third-generation Australian, as her grandfather moved to Australia from Germany. While attending Castle Hill High School, she returned to the country of her grandfather's birth to do study abroad that was funded by a scholarship from the Society for Australian-German Student Exchange Inc. She also lived in Bolivia for a while, working at a school for children with visual impairments. While there, she introduced the children to goalball. Part of her work in the country was funded by a mini-grant. , she works as a Sydney Tower Skywalk guide.
Goalball
Rzepecki is a goalball player, and for visual disability sports, is classified as a B3 competitor. She is a centre and winger. She has a goalball scholarship with the New South Wales Institute of Sport. Rzepecki started playing the sport in 2002. She competed at the 2004 Australian National Goalball Championships, playing for the New South Wales goalball team which beat the Queensland goalball team in the finals. In 2011, Rzepecki made her national team debut during the African-Oceania regional Paralympic qualifying competition. She played in the game against the New Zealand women's national goalball team that Australia won. As a member of the 2011 team, she finished sixth at the IBSA Goalball World Cup.
The Australian Paralympic Committee had chosen to work on her development as a goalball player with the idea that she might be able to qualify for, and win a medal at, the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She was a named a member of the Aussie Belles that was going to the 2012 Summer Paralympics, in what would be her debut Games. That the team qualified for the Games came as a surprise, as the Australian Paralympic Committee had been working on player development with an idea of the team qualifying for the 2016 Summer Paralympics. An Australian team had not participated since the 2000 Summer Paralympics, when they earned an automatic selection as hosts, and the team finished last in the competition. Going into the Paralympics, her team was ranked eighth in the world. In the 2012 Summer Paralympics tournament, the Belles played games against Japan, Canada, the United States and Sweden. They lost every game, and did not advance to the finals.
The Belles originally failed to qualify for the 2016 Paralympics after finishing third at the IBSA Goalball Asia Pacific Championships in Hangzhou, China. They were displaced to allow for an African team, Algeria as it turned out, to compete in goalball for the first time. But following the re-allocation of Russia's spot, the Belles found themselves getting a last minute invite to Rio.They entered the tournament ranked ninth in the world. They performed better this time, fighting Uzbekistan to a draw, but they needed a win or draw in their final game against Canada to progress to the quarter finals, but lost 6–0, ending their second Paralympic campaign.
References
External links
Category:Paralympic goalball players of Australia
Category:Living people
Category:1986 births
Category:Goalball players at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Category:Goalball players at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Category:New South Wales Institute of Sport alumni |
Pyper America | Pyper America Holder (née Smith; born March 13, 1997) is an American fashion model, actress and musician, a bassist in an alternative rock band called The Atomics.
Early life
Pyper America was raised in Utah by a family who were members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Her parents are Sheridan and Dallon Smith, a former model and a guitar string entrepreneur. Third of four children, her siblings are also models and musicians: two older sisters Starlie Cheyenne (born 1993), Daisy Clementine (born 1996), and a younger brother Lucky Blue (born 1998).
She also lived in Montana and California. At the age of 16, she moved with her family from Utah to Los Angeles, California, where she described experiencing culture shock.
Career
On the runway she has walked for Giorgio Armani, Dolce & Gabbana, Cushnie et Ochs, Philipp Plein, Moschino, and Ermanno Scervino.
In advertisements, she has modeled for Moncler, Calvin Klein, and H&M alongside her siblings; as well as Forever 21 and Tiffany and Co.
She has appeared in the magazines L'Officiel, Vogue España, Seventeen, Vogue Ukraine, Allure, Love, W, and ELLE among others.
With Superga, she designed a shoe line for spring 2017.
As a devout Latter-day Saint, she has chosen to not pose nude.
Personal life
During 2016 and 2017, Pyper America dated Brandon Thomas Lee, son of Tommy Lee and Pamela Anderson.
In late 2017, she started dating Australian Quaid Rippon Holder. They got engaged on November 23, 2018 and married on February 2, 2019 in Provo, Utah.
References
Category:1997 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Spanish Fork, Utah
Category:Female models from Utah
Category:Alternative rock bass guitarists
Category:American rock bass guitarists
Category:Female bass guitarists
Category:Guitarists from Utah
Category:Latter Day Saints from Utah
Category:IMG Models models
Category:21st-century American bass guitarists |
Dalla frontinia | Dalla frontinia is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Colombia, Peru and Venezuela.
Subspecies
Dalla frontinia frontinia (Colombia)
Dalla frontinia vanca Evans, 1955 (Peru)
Dalla frontinia venda Evans, 1955 (Venezuela)
References
Category:Butterflies described in 1955
Category:Dalla (skippers) |
The Eleventh Hour | The Eleventh Hour is a phrase meaning at the last moment, taken from a passage in the Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard in the King James Bible.
The Eleventh Hour may also refer to:
Film
The Eleventh Hour (1912 film), an Australian silent film
The Eleventh Hour (1922 film), a British adaptation of one of Ethel M. Dell's romance novels
Eleventh Hour (1942 animated film), a Superman cartoon
Eleventh Hour (1942 documentary film), an Australian short documentary film
The 11th Hour (2007 film), an American documentary narrated by Leonardo DiCaprio, on the state of the natural environment
The 11th Hour (2014 film), a German/Danish drama/thriller film
Television
The 11th Hour, a Canadian sketch comedy show on CBC starring Nancy Robertson and Ian Boothby
The 11th Hour (2016 TV program), a 2016 American newscast on MSNBC anchored by Brian Williams
The Eleventh Hour (1962 TV series), a 1962–1964 American medical drama that aired on NBC
The Eleventh Hour (Canadian TV series), a 2002–2005 Canadian drama series that aired on CTV
Eleventh Hour (UK TV series), a British television series broadcast for one series of four episodes in 2006
Eleventh Hour (U.S. TV series), an American television series broadcast for one season of 18 episodes from 2008–2009
The Eleventh Hour (branding), brand names given to local newscasts on NBC television stations from the mid-1960s until about 1974
"The Eleventh Hour" (Doctor Who), an episode of the British television series Doctor Who, debuting the Eleventh Doctor
"The Eleventh Hour," an episode of the American television series Make It or Break It
The Eleventh Hour, an Australian sketch comedy that aired on HSV-7 in 1985
"Eleventh Hour", episode of the fourth season of Wentworth
Music
The Eleventh Hour (Jars of Clay album), 2002, containing a song of that same title
The Eleventh Hour (Magnum album), 1983
The Eleventh Hour (Evan Parker album), 2004
The Eleventh Hour (The Birthday Suit album), 2011
Eleventh Hour (Del the Funky Homosapien album), 2008
Eleventh Hour (Fred Frith album), 2005
"The Eleventh Hour", a song by August Burns Red on the album Messengers
"The Eleventh Hour", a song by Fates Warning on the album Parallels
"Eleventh Hour", a song by Yngwie Malmsteen on the album Perpetual Flame
"The 11th Hour", a song by Rancid on the album ...And Out Come the Wolves
"11th Hour" (Lamb of God song)
"The 11th Hour", a song by The Tea Party on the album The Ocean at the End
"No eleventh hour reprieve" from a song "Breathe", by Alexi Murdoch from the album Time Without Consequence (2006)
"The 11th Hour", an Ed Warby'''s doom/death metal band
Books
The Eleventh Hour (children's book), by Graeme Base
11th Hour (novel), a novel by James Patterson and Maxine Paetro, part of the Women's Murder Club'' series
Other uses
The Eleventh Hour, the fifth chapter of the Balance Arc for the comedy podcast The Adventure Zone
Armistice Day, which occurred on "the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month", when World War I hostilities ended
The 11th Hour (newspaper), an alternative weekly published in Georgia
The 11th Hour (video game), a 1995 interactive puzzle game with a horror setting
The Eleventh Hour (1933 play), a play by Anthony Armstrong
Vestas 11th Hour Racing, a sailing team and a yacht |
John Walton (darts player) | John Michael Walton (born 10 November 1961 in Bradford, Yorkshire) is a retired professional English darts player. He was best known for winning the 2001 BDO World Darts Championship. He adopted the nickname John Boy and used the song "Cotton Eye Joe" by Rednex as his walk-on theme.
BDO career
1993–2000: Early career
Walton picked up some small tournament victories in the early stages of his career, including the Websters 150 Championship in 1993 and the Highlands Open Championship in 1996 but didn't manage to qualify for the World Championship until 1999 when he lost 0–3 to Roland Scholten on his first round debut. He failed to qualify for the World Championship in 2000, but in the autumn of that year he won the prestigious Winmau World Masters. Despite that success, he was 50/1 with the bookmakers to win the World title in the New Year, and his Masters form possibly led to him being tipped by darts pundit Bobby George at the start of the BBC televised coverage as a possible winner.
2001–05: World Title
Walton opened his 2001 campaign with a 3-1 first round win over Ritchie Davies and averaged an excellent 100.62 during the match. He then beat Mervyn King 3–0 with another high average of 99.00. His quarter-final victory over Marko Pusa saw Walton achieve an incredible 14 consecutive legs. Not surprisingly, the result was a 5-0 whitewash. Walton then beat Wayne Mardle 5–3 in the semi-final and Ted Hankey 6–2 in the final to become World Champion and also one of only a few players to have held both the Winmau World Masters and World Championship simultaneously. He joined Eric Bristow, Phil Taylor, Richie Burnett and Bob Anderson as the fourth player to win them in the same season. Martin Adams and Stephen Bunting have since joined this elite group of players. He has enjoyed only moderate success since his 2001 World Championship victory - the defence of his title ended with a second round loss to Colin Monk and he went out in the second round to Davies in 2003. He did manage to reach the 2004 quarter-finals, but lost 1–5 to Raymond van Barneveld. In 2005 he lost to Darryl Fitton in the second round and he was knocked out by Stephen Roberts in 2006. Another second round defeat, this time to Gary Robson followed in 2007, and in 2008 he lost in the first round to the then-reigning Winmau World Masters champion Robert Thornton. He hasn't won any of the major open events since his successful year in 2001 when he took the British Open, British Classic, Belgium Open, Scottish Open and Portland Open. Overall his tournament success has dried up since winning the world title, but he continues to maintain a high world ranking by progressing to the quarter-final and semi-final stages of several Open darts events.
2007–14
Walton made history at the 2007 Winmau World Masters in Bridlington by hitting a televised nine dart finish. It was the first time a player had hit a nine-darter in the televised stages in the 34-year history of the event (Chris Mason achieved one in the preliminary round a few years previously), and was the first on BBC television since Paul Lim's historic World Championship feat in 1990. Walton's 2008 campaign was hampered by a shoulder injury but despite sliding down the world rankings, he entered the 2009 BDO World Championship as the number 15 seed. He won through an emotional first-round game against his friend Shaun Greatbatch who was battling bone marrow cancer. He then caused a major shock by beating defending champion Mark Webster 4–0 in the second round. He then played Hankey in the quarter final, a repeat of the 2001 Embassy Final which Walton won. Hankey avenged the earlier loss with a 5–1 win, and went on to win the championship. On 24 May 2009, Walton hit another 9 darter at the Antwerp Open in the final against Drik Beni. The 9 darter came in the third leg and he went on to win the game 4–0, only to go out the next round to Joey ten Berge in the last 32. Walton was unseeded for the 2011 World Championship, but beat 16th seed Dave Prins 3–1 in the first round before being defeated by Martin Adams 4–3 in a sudden death leg. The match has already been touted as one of the best in the tournament's history. In 2011 season, he retained the English Masters beating Ross Montgomery in the final. Walton failed to qualify for the 2014 BDO World Darts Championship, the first time since 2000 he did not appear at the event.
2015–16
He lost Malta Open 2015 Final in November 2015 against Umit Uygunsozlu who is the best dart player of Turkey. For the first time since 2013. He has qualified for the 2016 BDO World Championship And will play in the Preliminary Round against Australian Rob Modra. Since December 2016 he has not participated in any BDO event.
PDC career
In January 2015, Walton joined the rival PDC by entering the PDC Qualifying School in an attempt to win a tour card. He was unsuccessful in doing so having failed to finish in the top 18 of the Q School order of merit.
World Championship Results
BDO
1999: 1st Round (lost to Roland Scholten 0-3)
2001: Winner (beat Ted Hankey 6-2)
2002: 2nd Round (lost to Colin Monk 2-3)
2003: 2nd Round (lost to Ritchie Davies 0-3)
2004: Quarter Final (lost to Raymond van Barneveld 1-5)
2005: 2nd Round (lost to Darryl Fitton 0-3)
2006: 1st Round (lost to Stephen Roberts 0-3)
2007: 2nd Round (lost to Gary Robson 3-4)
2008: 1st Round (lost to Robert Thornton 0-3)
2009: Quarter Final (lost to Ted Hankey 1-5)
2010: 1st Round (lost to Willy van de Wiel 2-3)
2011: 2nd Round (lost to Martin Adams 3-4)
2012: 1st Round (lost to Martin Atkins 1-3)
2013: 1st Round (lost to Tony O'Shea 0-3)
2016: 1st Round (lost to Brian Dawson 2-3)
Career finals
BDO major finals: 2 (2 titles)
Performance timeline
Nine-dart finishes
External links
Website
Profile and stats on Darts Database
Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Bradford
Category:English darts players
Category:BDO world darts champions
Category:British Darts Organisation players |
Go-around | In aviation, a go-around is an aborted landing of an aircraft that is on final approach. A go-around can either be initiated by the pilot flying or requested by air traffic control for various reasons, such as an unstabilized approach or an obstruction on the runway.
Origin of the term
The term arises from the traditional use of traffic patterns at airfields. A landing aircraft will first join the traffic pattern/circuit pattern and prepare for landing. If for some reason, the pilot decides not to land, the pilot can simply fly back up to traffic pattern altitude/circuit height, and complete another circuit. The term "go-around" is still used even for modern airliners, though they may not use traditional traffic patterns/circuit patterns for landing.
Reasons for use
Initiation of a go-around procedure may be either ordered by air traffic control (normally the local or tower controller in a controlled field) or initiated by the pilot in command of the aircraft.
In naval aviation, the term wave-off is used instead of go-around. When touching down on an aircraft carrier, a pilot always initiates a wave-off by applying full thrust as a fail-safe measure. If the plane's tail hook fails to catch any of the arrestor cables (known as a (deck) "bolter") the aircraft can climb again. If the tailhook catches a cable, the aircraft will stop in short order regardless. Conversely, if a wave-off were not initiated and the aircraft were not arrested, it would not have enough power and/or runway to fly off the carrier safely.
Many airlines and aircraft operators state a list of conditions that must be satisfied so that a safe landing can be carried out. If one or more of these conditions cannot be satisfied then a go-around should be considered in some cases and must be carried out in others. This list is usually written in the operations manual which has to be approved by the relevant aviation authority (CAA in the UK, FAA in the United States). The operator's list of conditions allows pilots to use their individual judgment outside of this scope.
Procedure
When the pilot is instructed or decides to go around, the pilot applies full power to the engine(s), adopts an appropriate climb attitude and airspeed, raises the landing gear when the airplane is positively climbing, retracts the flaps as necessary, follows the instructions of the control tower (at a towered field), and typically climbs into the traffic pattern for another circuit if required.
Many modern aircraft, such as the Boeing and Airbus series, have autothrottles/autothrust systems that will set go-around thrust if they are engaged.
On other aircraft, the pilot configures manually for a go-around. In a typical small aircraft, such as those found in general aviation, this might involve:
Applying go around power (usually full power on normally aspirated engines).
Adopting an appropriate climb attitude and airspeed.
Retracting one stage of flaps if necessary.
Checking for a positive rate of climb, and raising the landing gear if equipped with retractable landing gear.
Retracting the flaps fully when the aircraft achieves a certain safe airspeed and altitude.
Climbing to cleared altitude, or pattern altitude if at an uncontrolled airfield.
Advising ATC if go around was pilot initiated, or acknowledges ATC instructions if at a controlled airfield.
Safety
Go-arounds occur with an average rate of 1–3 per 1000 approaches. There is a large variation of go-around rates among different aircraft operators and operational environments.
A go-around is not an emergency, and may be necessary for a number of reasons. Some of those include; unstable, unable to land in the touchdown zone, not in correct configuration, directed by ATC, obstacle on the runway (aircraft, vehicle, animal), or aircraft controllability issues.
The majority of accidents over the last 10 years have occurred during the approach, landing and go-around flight phases. In 2011 68% (63) of accidents in commercial aviation occurred during these phases of flight.
The lack of go-around decision is the leading risk factor in approach and landing accidents, and it is also the primary cause of runway excursions during landing. Yet, less than 5% of unstabilised approaches lead to a go-around.
One in ten go-around reports record a potentially hazardous go-around outcome, including exceeded aircraft performance limits or fuel endurance.
Go-around is a relatively rare manoeuvre for most commercial pilots. On average, a short-haul pilot may make a go-around once or twice a year, and a long-haul pilot may make one every 2 to 3 years.
Going around carries risks which include:
Ineffective initiation of go-around can lead to Loss of Control (LOC).
Failure to maintain control during go-around can lead to LOC, including abnormal contact with the runway, or to Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT).
Failure to fly required track can lead to CFIT or Mid Air Collision (MAC).
Failure to maintain traffic separation can lead to MAC.
Wake turbulence generated may create a hazard to another aircraft that can lead to LOC.
See also
Missed approach
Touch-and-go landing, which differs from a go-around in that the aircraft physically touches the ground, continues along the runway and then takes off again
References
avweb.com article (needs registration)
Statistical Analysis of Airplane Accidents Section 4 : When do accidents occur?
Category:Emergency aircraft operations
Category:Flight phases |
SAP Business Connector | SAP Business Connector (also known as "SAP BC") is a re-branded version/restricted licence version of webMethods Integration Server provided by SAP as a middleware solution for their R/3 product. It was developed jointly by webMethods and SAP in a partnership which lasted from March 1999 to March 2002. webMethods contributed the Integration Server platform (including components like HTTP server & client, FTP server & client, SMTP/IMAP/POP3 client, XML processing tools, data mapping engine, job scheduler), while SAP contributed the components for RFC/tRFC, BAPI and IDoc communication and processing. These SAP components were bundled into an add-on package (called "SAP Adapter") that can be installed on top of the core Integration Server.
History
Technically the SAP Business Connector is a webMethods Integration Server bundled with a pre-installed "SAP Adapter". SAP customers were able to license additional adapters from webMethods (like "Baan Adapter", "JD Edwards Adapter", "Oracle Adapter", "PeopleSoft Adapter", "Siebel Adapter", etc.). These adapters would run on a wM Integration Server and an SAP BC alike, as during that time (meaning from release 2.1 to 4.6) the core platform of both products was identical.
Then in March 2002 the partnership was discontinued and both companies started developing a successor version independently: SAP (who had acquired the full core Integration Server source code) started developing SAP BC 4.7, while webMethods began work on wM IS 6.0. Of course the component that changed most in SAP BC 4.7 was the "SAP Adapter", which got enhanced IDoc processing capabilities and performance improvements in the RFC communication layer. However, SAP also enhanced selected components of the core Integration Server, e.g. the job scheduler, the "Reverse Invoke" feature and the WmPartners package, which was completely redesigned. SAP tried to do these core enhancements in a backward compatible way, the only exception being the WmPartners package whose architecture had to be changed radically, because the original version had proved to be a serious performance bottleneck. Consequently, most webMethods adapters developed for wM IS 4.6 or wM IS 6.0 should still run on an SAP BC 4.7, with the exception of those adapters that have a tight coupling with the WmPartners package.
SAP BC 4.7 was released in June 2003. By that time SAP had already started development of its own integration/middleware product ("Message Broker", later renamed to "Exchange Infrastructure" (SAP XI), nowadays called "Process Integration" (SAP PI)), so the SAP Business Connector product line was frozen at version 4.7 between 2003 and 2007. Then, in summer 2007, it became more and more apparent, that the maintainability of SAP BC 4.7 was endangered, because most operating systems and Java VM versions, on which the BC depended, had gone out of maintenance. Therefore, development for another release (SAP BC 4.8) was started. This version was released in July 2008 and can be seen as a maintenance update to support newer JVM's and operating systems. See SAP note 1094412. However, as was the case with SAP BC 4.7, SAP again added a number of enhancements and performance improvements to some "wM core components" as well as to the "SAP components", most notably to the worker thread pool, the database adapter, the debugging, monitoring and tracing capabilities, the RFC and IDoc processing and the "Developer" tool.
In response to the split webMethods has created the webMethods for SAP as an updated (version 6.0.1 onward) product for SAP customers wishing to continue using webMethods technology for middleware/B2B integration.
Use cases and functionality
The role of the SAP Business Connector is to provide XML/web services type integration between SAP instances or from SAP to 3rd party systems/B2B (as the R/3 platform had no similar capabilities). Typical usecases include:
Exchanging data between your application and your business partner's R/3 system via the internet (using HTTP(S), FTP or Email)
Accessing data sources in the internet from within your SAP system (e.g. extracting data from online catalogs)
Exchanging data with third party non-SAP systems inside or outside your corporate firewall (e.g. vendor or supplier systems, inhouse legacy systems)
Differences between SAP Business Connector and webMethods Integration Server
Web administration user interface was branded with the SAP water drop logo and different colour scheme for UI
SAP BC comes with the "SAP Adapter", while on the wM IS it has to be installed separately
The SAP Adapter inside the Business Connector is a shared development between SAP and webMethods. It was further enhanced in UI functionality (mainly for usability issues) by SAP after the end of the partnership.
The official SAP Adapter inside the webMethods Integration Server was redeveloped for version 6.5 and uses different internal services to access SAP.
The SAP BC is mainly a webMethods Integration Server 4.6 with minor changes up to SAP BC 4.8. (Releases 4.6; 4.7; 4.8)
The webMethods Integration Server went from Release 4.6 straight to Release 6.0 and continued to evolve up to release 10 (Releases 6.0; 6.1, 6.5; 7.01; 7.1; 7.2; 8.0; 8.2;9.0;9.5;9.6;9.7;9.12;10)
See also
webMethods Integration Server
References
External links
Note 1094412 - Release and Support Strategy of SAP Business Connector 4.8
Business Connector |
Jim Beam | Jim Beam is a brand of bourbon whiskey produced in Clermont, Kentucky, by Beam Suntory, a subsidiary of Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan. It is one of the best-selling brands of bourbon in the world. Since 1795 (interrupted by Prohibition), seven generations of the Beam family have been involved in whiskey production for the company that produces the brand. The brand name became "Jim Beam" in 1943 in honor of James B. Beam, who rebuilt the business after Prohibition ended. Previously produced by the Beam family and later owned by the Fortune Brands holding company, the brand was purchased by Suntory Holdings in 2014.
History
During the late 18th century, members of the Böhm family, who eventually changed the spelling of their surname to "Beam", emigrated from Germany and settled in Kentucky.
Johannes "Jacob" Beam (1760–1834) was a farmer who began producing whiskey in the style that became bourbon. Jacob Beam sold his first barrels of corn whiskey around 1795, then called Old Jake Beam Sour Mash.
Jacob Beam's son David Beam (1802–1854) took on his father's responsibilities in 1820 at the age of 18, expanding distribution of the family's bourbon during a time of Industrial Revolution. David M. Beam (1833–1913) in 1854 moved the distillery to Nelson County to capitalize on the growing network of railroad lines connecting states.
Until 1880, customers would bring their own jugs to the distillery to fill them with whiskey. In 1880, the company started bottling the product and selling it nationally under the brand name "Old Tub".
James Beauregard Beam (1864–1947) managed the family business before and after Prohibition, rebuilding the distillery in 1933–1934 in Clermont, Kentucky, near his Bardstown home. The James B. Beam Distilling Company was founded in 1935 by Harry L. Homel, Oliver Jacobson, Harry Blum, and Jeremiah Beam.
In 1943, the brand name was changed from "Old Tub" to "Jim Beam", after James Beauregard Beam, and some of the bottle labels bear the statement, "None Genuine Without My Signature" with the signature James B. Beam. In 1945, the company was purchased by Harry Blum, a Chicago spirits merchant. The Beam company was purchased by American Brands in 1968.
T. Jeremiah Beam (1899–1977) started working at the Clear Springs distillery in 1913, later becoming the master distiller and overseeing operations at the new Clermont facility. Jeremiah Beam eventually gained full ownership and opened a second distillery near Boston, Kentucky, in 1954. Jeremiah later teamed up with childhood friend Jimberlain Joseph Quinn, to expand the enterprise.
Booker Noe (Frederick Booker Noe II, 1929–2004), grandson of Jim Beam, was the Master Distiller at the Jim Beam Distillery for more than 40 years, working closely with Master Distiller Jerry Dalton (1998–2007). In 1987 Booker introduced his namesake bourbon, Booker's, the company's first uncut, straight-from-the-barrel bourbon, and the first of the company's "Small Batch Bourbon Collection".
Fred Noe (Frederick Booker Noe III, 1957–) became the seventh generation Beam family distiller in 2007 and regularly travels for promotional purposes.
The Beam family has played a major role in the history of the Heaven Hill Distillery. All of the Master Distillers at Heaven Hill since its founding have been members of the Beam family. The original Master Distiller at Heaven Hill was Joseph L. Beam, Jim Beam's first cousin. He was followed by his son, Harry, who was followed by Earl Beam, the son of Jim Beam's brother, Park. Earl Beam was then succeeded by the current Heaven Hill Master Distillers, Parker Beam and his son, Craig Beam.
In 1987, Jim Beam purchased National Brands, acquiring brands including Old Crow, Bourbon de Luxe, Old Taylor, Old Grand-Dad, and Sunny Brook. Old Taylor was subsequently sold to the Sazerac Company.
On August 4, 2003, a fire destroyed a Jim Beam aging warehouse in Bardstown, Kentucky. It held 15,000 barrels () of bourbon. Flames rose more than 100 feet from the structure. Burning bourbon spilled from the warehouse into a nearby creek. An estimated 19,000 fish died of the bourbon in the creek and a river.
Jim Beam was part of the holding company formerly known as Fortune Brands that was dismantled in 2011. Other parts of the remaining company were spun off as an IPO on the NYSE on the same day, as Fortune Brands Home & Security, and the liquor division of the holding company was renamed Beam, Inc. on October 4, 2011. In January 2014, it was announced that Beam Inc. would be purchased by Suntory Holdings Ltd., a Japanese group of brewers & distillers known for producing Japan's first whiskey. The combined company is known as Beam Suntory.
On July 3, 2019, another warehouse caught ablaze which destroyed around 45,000 barrels () of bourbon. The fire led to the spillage of bourbon into the Kentucky River and Glenns Creek. Learning from the 2003 fire it was decided not to use water, letting it burn itself out to reduce runoff into the ecosystem. The estimated cost of the fire to Beam Suntory was around $45 million.
The Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet (KEEC) released a statement via their official Facebook page stating the alcohol plume has reached 23 miles between Owenton and Carrollton. The KEEC along with local and federal agencies used aeration to increase the oxygen levels in the water to prevent additional fish kill.
Distillers
Freddie Noe (1988–Present)
Fred Noe (1957–Present)
Fred Booker Noe II (1929 - 2004)
T. Jeremiah Beam (1899 - 1977)
James B. Beam (1864 – 1947)
David M. Beam (1833 – 1913)
David Beam (1802–1854)
Jacob Beam (1760–1834)
Distilleries
James B. Beam Distilling Co. in Clermont, KY
Jim Beam Booker Noe Plant in Boston, KY
Jim Beam Old Grand Dad Plant in Frankfort, KY
Products
Several varieties bearing the Jim Beam name are available.
Straight bourbon whiskey
Jim Beam Original (white label) – aged 4 years in new charred oak barrels, 80 proof, the flagship whiskey
Jim Beam Black (black label) – "extra aged"; was age stated at 8 years (6 years in export markets), but dropped the age statement at the beginning of 2015 – 86 proof
Jim Beam Devil's Cut – aged 6 years, uses bourbon extracted from the cask's wood after emptying, 90 proof
Jim Beam Bonded (metallic gold label) – aged 4 years, 100 proof, bottled in bond
Jim Beam Double Oak (dark blue label) – matured in two barrels
Jim Beam Single Barrel – 95 proof
Premium bourbons
Jim Beam Signature Craft bourbon whiskey – aged 12 years, 86 proof
Jim Beam Signature Craft Quarter Cask Bourbon – bourbon aged at least 5 years and finished in a variety of quarter-size casks for at least an additional 4 years
Jim Beam Harvest Collection (limited release) – six bourbons aged 11 years or more, each made with a particular secondary grain, including triticale, high rye, six-row barley, soft red wheat, brown rice, and whole rolled oat
Jim Beam Distiller's Masterpiece – finished in Pedro Ximénez sherry casks – 100 proof
Straight rye whiskey
Jim Beam Rye (green label) – rye whiskey, aged 4 years, 90 proof
"White whiskey"
Jacob's Ghost – 80 proof, aged one year in uncharred barrels and filtered
Liqueurs
All are 70 proof (35% ABV) except Jim Beam Red Stag (40% ABV), Jim Beam Peach and Jim Beam Honey (32.5% ABV)
Jim Beam Apple – with apple liqueur
Jim Beam Honey – with honey liqueur
Jim Beam Kentucky Fire – with cinnamon liqueur
Jim Beam Maple – with maple liqueur
Jim Beam Red Stag – with black cherry liqueur
Jim Beam Vanilla – with vanilla liqueur
Jim Beam Peach – with peach liqueur
Beam's "Small Batch Bourbon Collection" consists of several bourbons where the Beam name appears on the labels and marketing materials but is less prominent.
Booker's: aged 6+ years, 120–129.2 proof (60–64.60% ABV)
Baker's: aged 7 years, 107 proof (53.5% ABV)
Basil Hayden's: aged 6 to 8 years, 80 proof (40% ABV); uses the Old Grand-Dad "high-rye" mash bill.
Knob Creek: aged 9 years, 100 proof (50% ABV), with a 9-year, 120-proof (60% ABV) single-barrel expression, and a 100 proof (50% ABV) rye whiskey.
Several of these offerings have performed quite well at international spirits ratings competitions. For example, Jim Beam's Black label was awarded a double gold medal at the 2009 San Francisco World Spirits Competition. Jim Beam Black also won a Gold Outstanding medal at the 2013 International Wine and Spirit Competition.
Process
Bourbon whiskey distillers must follow government standards for production. By law (), any "straight" bourbon must be: produced in the United States; made of a grain mix of at least 51% corn; distilled at no higher than 160 proof (80% ABV); free of any additives (except water to reduce proof for aging and bottling); aged in new, charred white oak barrels; entered into the aging barrels at no higher than 125 proof (62.5% ABV), aged for a minimum of 2 years, and bottled at no less than 80 proof (40% ABV).
Jim Beam starts with water filtered naturally by the limestone shelf found in Central Kentucky. A strain of yeast used since the end of Prohibition is added to a tank with the grains to create what is known as "dona yeast", used later in the fermentation process. Hammermills grind the mix of corn, rye and barley malt to break it down for easier cooking. The mix is then moved into a large mash cooker where water and set back are added. The "set back" is a portion of the old mash from the previous distillation—the key step of the sour mash process, ensuring consistency from batch to batch.
From the cooker, the mash heads to the fermenter where it is cooled to 60–70 °F and yeast is added again. The yeast is fed by the sugars in the mash, producing heat, carbon dioxide and alcohol. Called "distiller's beer" or "wash", the resulting liquid (after filtering to remove solids) looks, smells and tastes like (and essentially is) a form of beer. The wash is pumped into a column still where it is heated to over 200 °F, causing the alcohol to turn to a vapor. As the vapor cools and falls it turns to a liquid called "low wine", which measures 125 proof or 62.5% alcohol. A second distillation in a pot still heats and condenses the liquid into "high wine", which reaches 135 proof (67.5% alcohol).
The high wine is moved to new, charred American oak barrels, each of which hold about 53 gallons of liquid. A "bung" is used to seal the barrels before moving them to nearby hilltop rackhouses where they will age up to nine years. As the seasons change, natural weather variations expand and contract the barrel wood, allowing bourbon to seep into the barrel, and the caramelized sugars from the charred oak flavor and color the bourbon. A significant portion (known as the "angel's share") of the 53 gallons of bourbon escapes the barrel through evaporation, or stays trapped in the wood of the barrel. Jim Beam ages for at least four years, or twice as long as the government requires for a "straight" bourbon. Aging for at least 4 years also allows the distillery to legally dispense with an age statement on the bottle. At the end of the aging period the amber liquid is filtered, bottled, packaged and sent to one of many distributors around the world using the three-tier distribution system.
Food and merchandise
On July 26, 2004, Thanasi Foods announced the release of Jim Beam Soaked Sunflower Seeds, a snack product soaked in Jim Beam and available in 3 flavors; Original, Barbeque, and Jalapeño. On October 18, 2004, the company announced the addition of Jim Beam Soaked Beef Jerky to the range. Jim Beam has a licensing agreement with Vita Food Products to manufacture and sell Jim Beam BBQ Sauces, Marinades, Mustards, Steak Sauces, Hot Sauce, Wing Sauce, Pancake Syrup and Glazes. Vita Specialty Foods also produces a range of Jim Beam hot smoked and fresh, marinated salmon. Top Shelf Gourmet specializes in Jim Beam bourbon-infused fresh pork and poultry products, including Jim Beam Bourbon Barrel Ham, Pulled Pork, and Pulled Chicken.
Brandmark Products produces a full range of Jim Beam branded billiard and home recreation products. Zippo produces a range of Jim Beam branded pocket and multi-purpose lighters. Bradley Smoker produces a line of Jim Beam branded smokers and smoking briquettes made from Jim Beam Barrels. Silver Buffalo designs Jim Beam wall art, dartboards and accessories for home recreational use. Concept One develops Jim Beam headwear. Headline Entertainment develops Jim Beam T-shirts and outerwear. Sherwood Brands produces a full line of Jim Beam gift sets.
Global markets
Outside the United States, Beam Global Spirits & Wine has had a sales and distribution alliance with The Edrington Group since 2009.
See also
Jack Daniel's, the top-selling American whiskey in the world (a Brown-Forman Tennessee whiskey)
Maker's Mark, a premium sister brand of bourbon produced by Beam Suntory
Robby Gordon Motorsports, racing team sponsored by Jim Beam from 2005 to 2009
List of historic whiskey distilleries
Footnotes
References
External links
Category:1795 introductions
Category:Alcoholic drink brands
Category:American brands
Category:Beam Suntory
Category:Bourbon whiskey
Category:Bullitt County, Kentucky
Category:Distilleries in Kentucky
Category:Kentucky cuisine |
Service (economics) | For service to be effective and profitable, however, there is always need for tangible, often sophisticated goods. This may be in form of equipment or facility. Although these goods are no transferred, they are often key success factors, the lack of which is unforgiving.
In economics, a service is a transaction in which no physical goods are transferred from the seller to the buyer. The benefits of such a service are held to be demonstrated by the buyer's willingness to make the exchange. Public services are those that society (nation state, fiscal union or region) as a whole pays for. Using resources, skill, ingenuity, and experience, service providers benefit service consumers. Service is intangible in nature.
Two I's
Services can be described in terms of I's.
Intangibility
Services are by definition intangible. They are not manufactured, transported or stocked.
One cannot store services for future use. They are produced and consumed simultaneously.
Perishability
Services are perishable in two regards:
Service-relevant resources, processes, and systems are assigned for service delivery during a specific period in time. If the service consumer does not request and consume the service during this period, the related resources may go unused. From the perspective of the service provider, this is a lost business opportunity if no other use for those resources is available. Examples: A hairdresser serves another client. An empty seat on an airplane cannot be filled after departure.
When the service has been completely rendered to the consumer, this particular service irreversibly vanishes. Example: a passenger has been transported to the destination.
The service provider must deliver the service at the exact time of service consumption. The service is not manifested in a physical object that is independent of the provider. The service consumer is also inseparable from service delivery. Examples: The service consumer must sit in the hairdresser's chair, or in the airplane seat. Correspondingly, the hairdresser or the pilot must be in the shop or plane, respectively, to deliver the service.
Inconsistency (variability)
Each service is unique. It can never be exactly repeated as the time, location, circumstances, conditions, current configurations and/or assigned resources are different for the next delivery, even if the same service is requested by the consumer. Many services are regarded as heterogeneous and are typically modified for each service-consumer or for each service-context. Example: The taxi service which transports the service consumer from home to work is different from the taxi service which transports the same service consumer from work to home – another point in time, the other direction, possibly another route, probably another taxi-driver and cab. Another and more common term for this is heterogeneity.
Service quality
Mass generation and delivery of services must be mastered for a service provider to expand. This can be seen as a problem of service quality. Both inputs and outputs to the processes involved providing services are highly variable, as are the relationships between these processes, making it difficult to maintain consistent service quality. Many services involve variable human activity, rather than a precisely determined process; exceptions include utilities. The human factor is often the key success factor in service provision. Demand can vary by season, time of day, business cycle, etc. Consistency is necessary to create enduring business relationships.
Specification
Any service can be clearly and completely, consistently and concisely specified by means of standard attributes that conform to the MECE principle (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive).
Service consumer benefits – (set of) benefits that are triggerable, consumable and effectively utilizable for any authorized service consumer and that are rendered upon request. These benefits must be described in terms that are meaningful to consumers.
Service-specific functional parameters – parameters that are essential to the respective service and that describe the important dimension(s) of the servicescape, the service output or the service outcome, e.g. whether the passenger sits in an aisle or window seat.
Service delivery point – the physical location and/or logical interface where the benefits of the service are rendered to the consumer. At this point the service delivery preparation can be assessed and delivery can be monitored and controlled.
Service consumer count – the number of consumers that are enabled to consume a service.
Service delivery readiness time – the moments when the service is available and all the specified service elements are available at the delivery point
Service consumer support times – the moments when the support team ("service desk") is available. The service desk is the Single Point of Contact (SPoC) for service inquiries. At those times, the service desk can be reached via commonly available communication methods (phone, web, etc.)
Service consumer support language – the language(s) spoken by the service desk.
Service fulfillment target – the provider's promise to deliver the service, expressed as the ratio of the count of successful service deliveries to the count of service requests by a single consumer or consumer group over some time period.
Service impairment duration – the maximum allowable interval between the first occurrence of a service impairment and the full resumption and completion of the service delivery.
Service delivery duration – the maximum allowable period for effectively rendering all service benefits to the consumer.
Service delivery unit – the scope/number of action(s) that constitute a delivered service. Serves as the reference object for the Service Delivering Price, for all service costs as well as for charging and billing.
Service delivery price – the amount of money the customer pays to receive a service. Typically, the price includes a service access price that qualifies the consumer to request the service and a service consumption price for each delivered service.
Delivery
The delivery of a service typically involves six factors:
Service provider (workers and managers)
Equipment used to provide the service (e.g. vehicles, cash registers, technical systems, computer systems)
Physical facilities (e.g. buildings, parking, waiting rooms)
Service consumer
Other customers at the service delivery location
Customer contact
The service encounter is defined as all activities involved in the service delivery process. Some service managers use the term "moment of truth" to indicate that point in a service encounter where interactions are most intense.
Many business theorists view service provision as a performance or act (sometimes humorously referred to as dramalurgy, perhaps in reference to dramaturgy). The location of the service delivery is referred to as the stage and the objects that facilitate the service process are called props. A script is a sequence of behaviors followed by those involved, including the client(s). Some service dramas are tightly scripted, others are more ad lib. Role congruence occurs when each actor follows a script that harmonizes with the roles played by the other actors.
In some service industries, especially health care, dispute resolution and social services, a popular concept is the idea of the caseload, which refers to the total number of patients, clients, litigants, or claimants for which a given employee is responsible. Employees must balance the needs of each individual case against the needs of all other current cases as well as their own needs.
Under English law, if a service provider is induced to deliver services to a dishonest client by a deception, this is an offence under the Theft Act 1978.
Lovelock used the number of delivery sites (whether single or multiple) and the method of delivery to classify services in a 2 x 3 matrix. Then implications are that the convenience of receiving the service is the lowest when the customer has to come to the service and must use a single or specific outlet. Convenience increases (to a point) as the number of service points increase.
Service-commodity goods continuum
The distinction between a good and a service remains disputed. The perspective in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries focused on creation and possession of wealth. Classical economists contended that goods were objects of value over which ownership rights could be established and exchanged. Ownership implied tangible possession of an object that had been acquired through purchase, barter or gift from the producer or previous owner and was legally identifiable as the property of the current owner.
Adam Smith’s famous book, The Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, distinguished between the outputs of what he termed "productive" and "unproductive" labor. The former, he stated, produced goods that could be stored after production and subsequently exchanged for money or other items of value. The latter, however useful or necessary, created services that perished at the time of production and therefore did not contribute to wealth. Building on this theme, French economist Jean-Baptiste Say argued that production and consumption were inseparable in services, coining the term "immaterial products" to describe them.
Most modern business theorists describe a continuum with pure service on one terminal point and pure commodity good on the other. Most products fall between these two extremes. For example, a restaurant provides a physical good (the food), but also provides services in the form of ambience, the setting and clearing of the table, etc. And although some utilities actually deliver physical goods — like water utilities that deliver water — utilities are usually treated as services.
In a narrower sense, service refers to quality of customer service: the measured appropriateness of assistance and support provided to a customer. This particular usage occurs frequently in retailing.
Service types
The following is a list of service industries, grouped into sectors. Parenthetical notations indicate how specific occupations and organizations can be regarded as service industries to the extent they provide an intangible service, as opposed to a tangible good.
Business functions (that apply to all organizations in general)
Consulting
Customer service
Human resources administrators (providing services like ensuring that employees are paid accurately)
Cleaning, patronage, repair and maintenance services
Gardeners
Janitors (who provide cleaning services)
Mechanics
Construction
Carpentry
Electricians (offering the service of making wiring work properly)
Plumbing
Death care
Coroners (who provide the service of identifying cadavers and determining time and cause of death)
Funeral homes (who prepare corpses for public display, cremation or burial)
Dispute resolution and prevention services
Arbitration
Courts of law (who perform the service of dispute resolution backed by the power of the state)
Diplomacy
Incarceration (provides the service of keeping criminals out of society)
Law enforcement (provides the service of identifying and apprehending criminals)
Lawyers (who perform the services of advocacy and decisionmaking in many dispute resolution and prevention processes)
Mediation
Military (performs the service of protecting states in disputes with other states)
Negotiation (not really a service unless someone is negotiating on behalf of another)
Education (institutions offering the services of teaching and access to information)
Library
Museum
School
Entertainment (when provided live or within a highly specialized facility)
Gambling
Movie theatres (providing the service of showing a movie on a big screen)
Performing arts productions
Sexual services
Sport
Television
Fabric care
Dry cleaning
Laundry
Financial services
Accountancy
Banks and building societies (offering lending services and safekeeping of money and valuables)
Real estate
Stock brokerages
Tax services
Valuation
Foodservice industry
Health care (all health care professions provide services)
Hospitality industry
Information services
Data processing
Database services
Interpreting
Translation
Personal grooming
Body hair removal
Dental hygienist
Hairdressing
Manicurist / pedicurist
Public utility
Electric power
Natural gas
Telecommunications
Waste management
Water industry
Risk management
Insurance
Security
Social services
Social work
Childcare
Elderly care
Logistics
Transport
Warehousing
Stock management
Packaging
List of countries by tertiary output
Below is a list of countries by service output at market exchange rates at peak level as of.
See also
As a service
Deliverable
Good (economics)
Intangible good
List of economics topics
Product (economics)
Services marketing
References
Athens University of Economics and Business: Introduction to Services Marketing
Valerie Zeithaml, A. Parasumaran, Leonhard Berry (1990): SERVQUAL
Sharon Dobson: Product and Services Strategy
John Swearingen: Operations Management - Characteristics of services
James A. Fitzsimmons, Mona J. Fitzsimmons: Service Management - Operations, Strategy, Information Technology
Russell Wolak, Stavros Kalafatis, Patricia Harris: An Investigation Into Four Characteristics of Services
Sheelagh Matear, Brendan Gray, Tony Garrett, Ken Deans: Moderating Effects of Service Characteristics on the Sources of Competitive Advantage - Positional Advantage Relationship
Alan Pilkington, Kah Hin Chai, "Research Themes, Concepts and Relationships: A study of International Journal of Service Industry Management (1990 to 2005)," International Journal of Service Industry Management, (2008) Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 83–110.
External links
Category:Goods (economics) |
Porthmadog East | Porthmadog East () is one of the electoral wards in the town of Porthmadog in Gwynedd, Wales. It elects representatives to the town and county councils.
Description
The county electoral ward covers the northeast corner of the Porthmadog community, including the east and north parts of the town, but excluding the village of Tremadog. The county ward is partially bordered to the west by the Welsh Highland Railway (to Caernarfon). Its southern border is defined partially by the railway line to Criccieth, Porthmadog's High Street and the A497 road to Minffordd. The Porthmadog-Tremadog ward lies to the northwest and the Penrhyndeudraeth ward lies to the west.
The ward population, according to the 2011 Census, was 1,775.
Town Council
The East (Dwyreiniol) ward of Pwllheli (wholly east of the railway and slightly smaller than the county ward) elects four of the sixteen town councillors to Porthmadog Town Council.
County Council
Porthmadog East has been an electoral ward to Gwynedd Council since 1995, electing one county councillor. Initially represented by Plaid Cymru, it was won by Independent Ieuan Robetts in 1999. Roberts subsequently stood for Plaid Cymru at the May 2008 elections, winning the ward for that party.
In May 2012 the ward seat was won by Jason Humphreys for Llais Gwynedd, beating Plaid Cymru's Gwynfor Owen by 53 votes.
In May 2017 Humphreys was beaten by Plaid Cymru's Nia Wyn Jeffreys, who won with a 83 vote majority.
See also
List of electoral wards in Gwynedd
References
Category:Porthmadog
Category:Gwynedd electoral wards |
Renee Blount | Renee Blount (born May 12, 1957) is a retired American professional tennis player.
Early career
Blount was a number one singles and doubles All-American player for UCLA. She joined the WTA Tour in 1978 and went on to reach a career high ranking of 63 in singles and 8 in doubles in the world.
Tournament career
She was the 5th seed in the 1978 Australian Open and competed in the 1979 US Open and the 1980 US Open.
In 1979, Blount made history when she became the first African American woman to win a professional tennis tournament since Althea Gibson when she won the Futures of Columbus.
In 1984, Blount achieved her best Grand Slam women's doubles result, reaching the quarterfinals at Wimbledon partnering Janet Newberry, losing to Kathy Jordan and Anne Smith 6–0, 6–1.
Blount was, also, a mixed doubles semi-finalist at the French Open and extended Martina Navratilova to three sets at the Australian Open in 1980. She has competed in Wimbledon five times including a 1986 doubles quarter finalist appearance.
Retirement
After retiring from professional tennis, she became an assistant coach at the University of Virginia and was inducted into the St. Louis Tennis Hall of Fame in 1997.
Blount founded the Keswick Tennis Foundation to help children with autism and disabilities develop skills through tennis. She currently coaches at the Keswick Tennis Foundation in Central Virginia.
References
External links
Keswick Tennis Foundation
Category:1957 births
Category:Living people
Category:African-American tennis coaches
Category:African-American female tennis players
Category:American female tennis players
Category:Tennis people from Washington, D.C.
Category:UCLA Bruins women's tennis players |
Juan Jané | Juan Jané (born 31 May 1953) is a Spanish water polo player. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1953 births
Category:Living people
Category:Spanish male water polo players
Category:Olympic water polo players of Spain
Category:Water polo players at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Category:Water polo players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Barcelona |
Iranian crewed spacecraft | The Iranian crewed spacecraft is a proposal by the Iranian Aerospace Research Institute of the Iranian Space Research Center (ISRC) to put an astronaut into space.
Some details of the design were published by the institute in its "Astronaut" publication in February 2015. A mock up of the spaceship was displayed on 17 February 2015 during the ceremony of the national day of space of Iran. The head of the institute announced that the spaceship will be launched to space in about one year, which did not happen. The Iranian President and several of the ministers were present in the unveiling and the ceremony.
If funded and developed, the spacecraft would carry a single astronaut to a 175 km altitude and return it to Earth. The spacecraft was designated the code name "Class E Kavoshgar" project. The main components include the launcher adapter, spacecraft, and the launch abort system. According to Iran's Space Administrator, this program was put on hold in 2017 indefinitely.
References
External links
Aerospace Research Institute
Iranian Space Research Center
Iran Space Agency
Category:Space program of Iran
Category:Human spaceflight programs |
My Little Pony (Egmont comics) | My Little Pony is a British tie-in comic books to the toys of the same name, published by Egmont under the license of Hasbro, during the so-called "Generation One" era. There were two publications: The first comic, simply known as My Little Pony, ran from 1985 to 1993 and published 224 issues; The second comic, My Little Pony and Friends, featuring the characters from the American television anthology series with the similar name, ran from 1987 to 1994 and featured 51 issues. Art was sent via fax to England from a Spanish art company, Selecciones Ilustradas. The comics were published by London Edition Magazines (renamed Fleetway Editions in 1992) and Egmont UK.
Continuity
The comics, although sharing many characters, locations and stories from the cartoon (My Little Pony and Friends comic 30 included a story featuring the Smooze and the other antagonists from the 1986 movie), the comics seem to be set in their own continuity, with such differences to the cartoon as the complete absence of Megan's younger siblings, Danny and Molly (except for And Friends comic 30, where Reeka and Draggle, Hydia's daughters from the movie, disguise themselves as Danny and Molly to trick Megan). Other stories and characters were exclusive to the comics too, such as The Know-All Gnomes, Wizard Wantall, Rob Rabbit, Flower Lady, and the Forgetful (or Fun) Witch. The comics also featured characters from fairy tales and legends, such as Humpty Dumpty and the Man In The Moon. Another difference is that all ponies possessed magical qualities, rather than just unicorns as in the cartoon.
Comics
My Little Pony
My Little Pony and Friends
Category:My Little Pony
Category:American comics titles
Category:British comics titles
Category:Comics featuring anthropomorphic characters
Category:Comics about animals
Category:Comics based on toys
Category:Comics based on television series |
Winter & Pond | REDIRECT Winter and Pond |
BNS Nirbhoy | BNS Nirbhoy is a Type 037-class submarine chaser of Bangladesh Navy. She has been serving Bangladesh Navy since 1985.
Career
BNS Nirbhoy was commissioned to Bangladesh Navy on 1 December 1985. She is based at Chittagong.
Electronics
The ship uses a Pot Head radar as primary electronics. It is a surface search radar which is effective in performing mine laying operations. For ASW operations, she uses Chinese SJD-3 telescoping high frequency active sonar. Instead of being fixed to the hull, SJD-3 has a telescoping arm, so when not in use, the sonar is stored in the hull and when deployed, the sonar is lowered into water several meter below the hull, thus increased detection range by avoiding buffetting generated by the hull.
Armament
The primary armaments of the ship are two twin 57mm 70-cal Type 76 DP guns and two twin 25mm 60cal Type 61 guns. Besides these she carries a variety of weapons to perform ASW missions. The ASW weapons are four RBU-1200 (Type 81) (5-barrel) ASW rockets, two BMB-2 ASW mortars and two depth charge rails with 20 depth charges.
See also
List of active ships of the Bangladesh Navy
BNS Durjoy
References
Category:Ships of the Bangladesh Navy
Category:Submarine chasers of Bangladesh Navy |
H2BFS | Histone H2B type F-S is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H2BFS gene.
References
Further reading |
Esase Bontefufuo | Esase Bontefufuo is a town located at the Amansie-West District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The town is known for the Esase Bontefufuo Secondary School. The school is a second cycle institution.
References
Category:Populated places in the Ashanti Region |
Ju-On: The Curse 2 | , also known as simply Ju-on 2, is a 2000 Japanese V-Cinema supernatural horror film and the second installment in the Ju-on series. The film was released in Japan on March 25, 2000 and was later released on video on April 14, 2000.
Much of the sequel is a recap of the first film, nearly 30 minutes of retelling out of 76 minutes. The rest of the movie introduces new information on those events, and new characters, as well as briefly introducing events which would play into the later theatrical films.
Plot
Like the first film, Ju-on 2 is split into six vignettes, the first two being taken from the first. The segments are presented in the following order: Kayako (伽椰子), Kyoko (響子), Tatsuya (達也), Kamio (神尾), Nobuyuki (信之), and Saori (沙織).
Shunsuke Kobayashi, a teacher, visits the Saeki household but finds the young Toshio Saeki alone at home. However, he quickly finds the corpse of Kayako Saeki hidden in the attic and receives a phone call from her husband Takeo Saeki who reveals he has killed Kobayashi's pregnant wife Manami and butchered her unborn child, due to believing Kayako was being unfaithful upon discovering she has an obsessive crush on Kobayashi. Kayako's body rises as an Onryō and kills Kobayashi, before tracking down and killing the rampaging Takeo.
Sometime later, a woman named Kyoko helps her brother Tatsuya, a real estate agent, to examine the Saeki house and put it on the market. However, Kyoko is disturbed by the house and leaves, visiting her nephew Nobuyuki in the apartment once owned by Kobayashi. They witness a vision of Takeo murdering Manami and are affected by the Saeki curse. Tatsuya moves them to his parents' house in the countryside, where Kyoko is seemingly possessed and rocks back and forth, whilst Nobuyuki has become a mute. Tatsuya's father believes the Saeki house's curse is responsible, so Tatsuya heads off to investigate.
The current residents of the Saeki house, Yoshimi and Hiroshi Kitada, become affected by the curse. Yoshimi murders her husband by walloping him with a frying pan, and then kills Tatsuya when he visits. All of Tatsuya's family save Nobuyuki die from the curse. Around a month later, Nobuyuki is still a mute and is observed by police officers Kamio and Iizuka. Both visit another officer, Yoshikawa, who has been driven insane by his attempted investigation of the deaths surrounding the Saeki house. After the visiting detectives leave, Kayako appears in Yoshikawa's home and kills both him and his wife. At the police station, Kamio gets frightened when he sees Kayako, alerting Iizuka and another female officer who go to check his office. Kamio remains outside out of fear and is killed when Kayako reappears.
In the penultimate vignette, Nobuyuki is shown at school. He spots Kayako outside the window, and she suddenly opens and crawls in through it. Nobuyuki flees whilst pursued by the surprisingly agile Kayako. A second Kayako appears, while he makes an attempt to escape through the stairs. Both ghosts corner Nobuyuki in a science lab and kill him - the final shots of the vignette showing there is an army of Kayako replicas outside, scratching the windows, and still making their ominous death rattle, reflecting on the curse's never-ending, spreading effects.
The film closes with a brief final segment consisting of a close-up of the Nerima house from outside, with voice-overs indicating a group of high school girls, one of whom is named Saori, sneaking into the house. They are exploring the second floor and the film ends right after they notice something in the attic. The segment serves as a teaser for the 2003 theatrical film, Ju-on: The Grudge; it is likely a prelude to the "Izumi" segment of that film, as Saori is the name of one of Izumi's friends who went missing in the house.
Cast
Yūko Daike as
Makoto Ashikawa as
Kahori Fujii as
Yūrei Yanagi as
Ryota Koyama as Toshio Saeki
Takako Fuji as Kayako Saeki
Takashi Matsuyama as Takeo Saeki
Kaei Okina as
Tomohiro Kaku as
Taizo Mizumura as
Harumi Matsukaze as
Yue as
Denden as
Taro Suwa as
Release
Ju-On 2: The Curse was released in Japan on home video on March 25, 2000.
References
References
External links
Category:Films directed by Takashi Shimizu
Category:Japanese nonlinear narrative films
Category:2000 horror films
Category:Japanese horror films
Category:Japanese ghost films
Category:Japanese supernatural horror films
Category:Direct-to-video sequel films
Category:Japanese films
Category:2000 films
Category:Fiction about curses
Category:Ju-On (franchise) films |
Constantine Lips | Constantine Lips () (died 20 August 917) was a Byzantine aristocrat and admiral who lived in the later 9th and early 10th centuries. He was killed in 917 at the Battle of Acheloos against Bulgaria. Constantine Lips is most notable for his foundation of the convent bearing his name at Constantinople.
Biography
The facts regarding Constantine's life are confused and subject to conjecture. It is known that at the time of Emperor Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912), he restored a monastery near the Church of the Holy Apostles, which is nowadays identified with the Fenari Isa Mosque on account of a partial inscription commemorating its dedication to the Theotokos. The date of the inauguration is traditionally placed in 907/908. Constantine Lips also participated in the failed coup of the prominent general Constantine Doukas against the infant Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (r. 913–959) in July 913, after the death of Leo's brother and successor Alexander (r. 912–913). In its wake, several nobles who had been or were suspected of being involved in the coup were executed, while others fled the city, amongst them Constantine Lips. On August 20, 917, he fell at the Battle of Acheloos, fighting against the Bulgarian forces under Simeon I.
He is also equated by modern scholarship with two other people named Lips, whose activities are believed to have been erroneously post-dated. The first is recorded by Constantine VII as having been held the rank of protospatharios and the court post of domestikos of the hypourgia (head assistant to the epi tes trapezes), later (probably by the time of the 913 coup attempt) rising to become a patrikios and megas hetaireiarches. He also served on several occasions as imperial envoy to Gregory I, the ruler of the Armenian principality of Taron. On the first embassy, he returned with Gregory's son Ashot, who was received by Leo and named protospatharios. Lips accompanied Ashot back to his father, and returned with Gregory's brother (known only by his Arabic name Abu Ghanim), who was also given the rank of protospatharios. Constantine accompanied Abu Ghanim on his return journey. When the latter visited Constantinople again some years later, he was married to Constantine's daughter. In another mission shortly after, Lips persuaded Gregory himself to visit Constantinople, where he was lavishly received and given the supreme dignity of magistros and the title of strategos of Taron. After a prolonged sojourn, he was escorted to his domains by Lips.
The later Patria of Constantinople also refer to a Lips, patrikios and Droungarios of the Fleet, who established a monastery and a guest house during the late reign of Constantine VII, but it is impossible to tell with certainty whether this is the same person.
Constantine Lips had a son, the patrikios Bardas Lips, who was involved in a conspiracy against Emperor Romanos II (r. 959–963) in 962. He is also the last known representative of the Lips family.
References
Sources
Category:9th-century births
Category:917 deaths
Category:10th-century Byzantine people
Category:Byzantine admirals
Category:Byzantines killed in battle
Category:Patricii
Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:Magistroi
Category:Founders of Christian monasteries |
Franciszek Gąsior | Franciszek Gąsior (born 21 April 1947) is a former Polish handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics and finished tenth with the Polish team.
External links
Profile
Category:1947 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Tarnów
Category:Polish male handball players
Category:Olympic handball players of Poland
Category:Handball players at the 1972 Summer Olympics |
2012 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships – Men's junior race | This event was held on Saturday 28 January 2012 as part of the 2012 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships. Six laps had to be completed, totalling up to 17.72 kilometre.
Ranking
External links
Men's junior race
Category:UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships – Men's junior race |
T1000 | T1000 may refer to
T1000, the Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 jet engine
T-1000, a character in the movie Terminator 2: Judgement Day
T-1001, a character in the TV show Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles
OS T1000, a train used on the Oslo Metro
T-1000 truck, a truck manufactured by Kenworth
Pontiac T1000, an automobile also known as the Chevrolet Chevette
SNCF Class T 1000, a French train class predecessor of the SNCF Class T 2000
Sun Fire T1000, a computer server system
Telebit T1000, a model of modem
Toshiba T1000, a laptop computer
T 1000, a transistor radio manufactured by the German Braun company
a type of carbon fiber material |
Derrick, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Derrick is a town located on the island of Bequia, which is part of the Grenadines island chain.
See also
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
References
Scott, C. R. (ed.) (2005) Insight guide: Caribbean (5th edition). London: Apa Publications.
Category:Populated places in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
Vingerhoedtia ruficollis | Vingerhoedtia ruficollis is a moth in the Bombycidae family. It was described by Strand in 1910. It is found in Cameroon, Guinea and Kenya.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog
Category:Bombycidae
Category:Moths described in 1910 |
Jayne Aylward | Jayne Aylward (Born August 28, 1956) is an American politician who served as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives as the representative from the 74th District in Saline County, Kansas from 1979 to 1991. Following her service in the Kansas Legislature, she became an administrative tax judge with the Kansas Board of Tax Appeals.
A Republican, Representative Aylward is a rancher and stockwoman. During the 1985-1986 legislative session, she was the chairman of the House Communications, Computers and Technology Committee. In 2012 she joined the steering committee of Republicans for Kansas Values, a group of moderate Republicans opposed to the tax cuts enacted by Gov. Sam Brownback. In 2014 she joined other moderate Republicans in endorsing Democrat Paul Davis for governor over Brownback.
References
Category:Living people
Category:1956 births
Category:Members of the Kansas House of Representatives
Category:Kansas Republicans
Category:20th-century American politicians
Category:20th-century American women politicians
Category:Women state legislators in Kansas
Category:American women judges
Category:People from Salina, Kansas |
Gage (surname) | Gage is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Business and industry
Alfred S. Gage 1860-1928, American rancher and businessman in Texas
Daniel Gage, New England ice harvester
John Gage (born 1942), Vice President of Sun Microsystems
Entertainment
Ben Gage (1914–1978), American television actor
Dave Gage, American harmonica player and instructor
Kevin Gage (born 1958), American actor
Mary Leona Gage, Miss USA 1957
Patricia Gage, British actress and voice actress
Pierre Gage, Quebec musician
Ryan Gage, Actor
Literature and academics
Leighton Gage (1942–2013), American writer
Nicholas Gage (born 1938), Greek-American writer
Robert "Bob" Gage (born 1966), American writer and humorist
Military and naval
Henry Gage (soldier) (1597–1645), soldier in the English Civil War
Richard Gage (soldier), Union soldier in the American Civil War
Thomas Gage (1719–1787), a British general in the American Revolution
Politics and government
Frances Dana Barker Gage, suffragist and women's rights leader
George Gage, 7th Viscount Gage (1932–1993)
Henry Gage (1852–1924), American governor of California
Henry Gage, Viscount Gage, several people with this name and title
Jack R. Gage (1899–1970), American governor of Wyoming
John Gage (Tudor politician), politician of the Tudor period in England
Kelly Gage (1925-2017), American lawyer and politician
Lyman Gage (1836–1927), financier and US Secretary of the Treasury
Matilda Joslyn Gage (1826–1898), women's suffrage activist
Nicolas Gage, 8th Viscount Gage (born 1934)
Richard Gage (architect), leader of the group Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth
Viscount Gage, any of several Irish nobles holding that title
Sir William Gage, 7th Baronet (1695–1744)
William Gage, 2nd Viscount Gage (1718–1791)
Religion
Thomas Gage (clergyman) (c. 1597 – 1656), English clergyman
W.D. Gage, Nebraska minister, namesake of Gage County, Nebraska
Science and technology
Andrew Thomas Gage (1871–1945), Scottish botanist and surgeon
Fred Gage, American professor of genetics
Linda Gage, American demographer
Nathaniel Gage (1917–2008), American educational psychologist
Phineas Gage (1823–1860), railroad construction foreman who famously developed a "hole in his head"
Simon Henry Gage (1851–1944), American professor of anatomy, histology, and embryology
Susanna Phelps Gage (1857–1915), American embryologist and comparative anatomist
Thomas Gage (botanist) (1781–1820), British botanist
Walter Gage (1922–1978), Canadian mathematics professor
Sports
Bobby Gage (1927–2005), American football player
Ethan Gage, (born in 1991), Canadian soccer player
Joaquin Gage (born 1973), Canadian ice hockey goaltender
Jody Gage (born 1959), Canadian ice hockey forward
Justin Gage (born 1981), American football wide receiver
Kevin Gage (footballer), (born in 1964), English football (soccer) player
Nick Gage, professional wrestler
Russell Gage (born 1996), American football player
Other
Jetseta Gage (1994–2005), American victim of kidnap and murder
Margaret Kemble Gage, alleged spy, wife of General Thomas Gage |
Orkworld | Orkworld is a fantasy role-playing game featuring orks. It was designed by John Wick, illustrated by Thomas Denmark and released by Wicked Press.
Game setting and mechanics
According to Wick, Orkworld breaks from the mold of treating orks as evil monsters in tabletop role-playing games and fantasy literature dating back to their creation by J. R. R. Tolkien. Orkworld treats orks as protagonists (although not necessarily heroic ones), doomed by the fact that they are less intelligent and adaptable than their enemy races of humanity, dwarf-kind and elvenfolk. The game is heavily descriptive of a fantastical orkish culture.
Orkworld is also unusual in that character generation is a collective effort. Each party of players first creates the household using a pool of character points. The household defines multiple aspects of the group. The points spent can define the technological level, the population, the experience of the household leaders, and even the resources and strongholds available to the household. Once this is complete the players then divide up the remaining character points however they want and use the points assigned to each of them to create their character for the game.
Fan reaction
While fan reaction was mixed, a number of fan created additions to the game engine were done and released on the net during the years following release, and some are still recorded in the WaybackMachine internet archive.
References
Bibliography
Category:Fantasy role-playing games
Category:Role-playing games introduced in 2000 |
Archibald Hayes Macdonell | Major General Archibald Hayes Macdonell, (February 6, 1868 – November 12, 1939) was a Canadian soldier and politician.
Born in Toronto, Ontario, the third son of late Angus Duncan Macdonell and Pauline Rosalie De-la-haye, Macdonell served in the Canadian Militia in South Africa, Southern Nigeria, and West Africa. He attended staff college, passing there in 1906. During World War I, he commanded the 5th Canadian Infantry Brigade. After the war, as a major general, he was the commanding officer of the military district of New Brunswick. In 1921, he was summoned to the Senate of Canada for the senatorial division of Toronto South, Ontario on the advice of Conservative Prime Minister Arthur Meighen. He served until his death in 1939.
His brother, Angus Claude Macdonell, was an MP and senator.
References
External links
Category:1868 births
Category:1939 deaths
Category:Canadian generals
Category:Canadian Expeditionary Force officers
Category:Canadian senators from Ontario
Category:Canadian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Category:Canadian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Category:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) senators
Category:Politicians from Toronto |
Adeline (song) | "Adeline" is a song by British indie rock band alt-J. It is the sixth track and third single from their third studio album, Relaxer, and was released as a digital single on 24 May 2017 by Infectious Music and Atlantic Records. The song was written by Joe Newman, Gus Unger-Hamilton and Thom Sonny Green and produced by Charlie Andrew. The band adapted a melody from the soundtrack to The Thin Red Line by Hans Zimmer, who is credited on the song as a writer. The band described the song's narrative as "a Tasmanian devil falls in love with a woman as he watches her swim."
Composition and lyrics
In an interview with NPR, the band said:
Critical reception
"Adeline" received favorable reviews from contemporary music critics. Samantha Lopez of Paste called it a "sweeping five-minute, multi-layered melody packed with classically trained instrumentals and symphonic textures"
Remix
The song was remixed by American metallic hardcore band Code Orange and was released as a single on 2 November 2017. It was released alongside a separate single for a remix of the Relaxer track "Hit Me Like That Snare", also remixed by Code Orange.
Track listing
Personnel
Credits adapted from Tidal
alt-J
Joe Newman – guitar, vocals
Gus Unger-Hamilton – keyboards, vocals
Thom Sonny Green – drums, percussion, programming
Additional musicians
London Metropolitan Orchestra – strings
Technical
Charlie Andrew – production, mixing, engineering, programming
Brett Cox – engineering
Jay Pocknell - engineering
Stefano Civetta – assistant engineering
Paul Pritchard – assistant engineering
Graeme Baldwin – assistant engineering
Dick Beetham – mastering
Artwork and design
Osamu Sato
Charts
References
External links
Category:2017 singles
Category:Alt-J songs
Category:2017 songs
Category:Infectious Music singles
Category:Atlantic Records singles
Category:Songs written by Thom Sonny Green |
Aonla (Lok Sabha constituency) | Aonla Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttar Pradesh state in northern India.
Assembly Segments
Assembly Segments are:
Aonla
Bithari Chainpur
Dataganj
Faridpur
Shekhupur
Members of Parliament
Election results
See also
Bareilly district
List of Constituencies of the Lok Sabha
External links
Aonla lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details
List of MP from Aonla Lok Sabha
Notes
sarvaraj singh was MP in 1999 from Samajwadi party
Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh |
Poścień-Wieś | Poścień-Wieś is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chorzele, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
References
Category:Villages in Przasnysz County |
Reggie Ranatunga | Reggie Padmasena Ranatunga (22 April 1937 – 31 May 2008) was a Sri Lankan politician belonging to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. He was the third Governor of Sabaragamuwa, serving between June 2005 and February 2008.
Reggie Padmasena Rantunga was born on 22 April 1937 and was educated at Nalanda College, Minuwangoda and Ananda Sastralaya, Kotte. Ranatunga's interest in politics resulted in his enrollment at the Moscow Faculty of Political Science in 1960. In 1962 he joined the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and was appointed the SLFP Organizer for Minuwangoda in 1986.
At the 1989 parliamentary elections he was first elected to parliament representing Gampaha and was subsequently re-elected in 1994, 2000 and 2001. He served as the Minister for Civil Aviation (August - October 2000) and Minister of Food and Marketing Development (October 2000 - 2001) in the Kumaratunga cabinet, and the Chief Government Whip between 1 November 2000 and 10 October 2001.
He is the father of six sons, including former international cricketers, Arjuna Ranatunga and Sanjeeva Ranatunga, along with Dammika Ranatunga, Nishantha Ranatunga, Prasanna Ranatunga, and Ruwan Ranatunga.
On 21 February 2008 he was appointed as the MP for Gampaha replacing Sripathi Sooriyarachchi, who was killed in a car accident on 9 February, however Ranatunga died on 31 May 2008. His replacement Neil Rupasinghe was sworn in on 6 June 2008.
References
Category:Alumni of Ananda Sastralaya, Kotte
Category:2008 deaths
Category:1937 births
Category:Chief Government Whips (Sri Lanka)
Category:Government ministers of Sri Lanka
Category:Governors of Sabaragamuwa Province
Category:Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Category:Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Category:Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Category:Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Category:Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Category:Sinhalese politicians
Category:Sri Lanka Freedom Party politicians
Category:Sri Lankan Buddhists |
Żeleźnikowa Wielka | Żeleźnikowa Wielka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nawojowa, within Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately west of Nawojowa, south of Nowy Sącz, and south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
The village has a population of 1,100.
References
Category:Villages in Nowy Sącz County |
Scott Wolf (disambiguation) | Scott Wolf is an actor.
Scott Wolf(f) or Wolfe may also refer to:
J. Scott Wolff, politician
Scott Wolfe, American football player
Scott Wolfe (music producer) on This Toilet Earth
See also
Scott/Wolfe, songwriting team |
Adimulapu Suresh | Dr. Audimulapu Suresh (born 27 April 1964) a civil servant turned politician, is a member of fourteenth Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He represents Yerragondapalem Constituency in Andhra Pradesh and is a member of Y.S.R. Congress Party. He was a former civil servant. Currently, he is the Minister of Education, Government of Andhra Pradesh under the leadership and Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Shri. Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy.
Early life
He was born to Shri. Audimulapu Samuel George, founder of George Group of Institutions at Markapur in Prakasham District. His father had contested in Eleventh Loksabha General Elections from Ongole Constituency. Mr. Suresh did his Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from National Institute of Technology Karnataka in 1984 and then acquired doctorate in Computer Science Engineering. He is married to T.H. Vijaya Lakshmi. Previously, he worked as Deputy Financial Officer and Chief Accounts Officer in Indian Railways.He is popular for the development works of his constituency and his unconditional respect toward former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Late. Shri.Y.S.Rajasekhar Reddy
Political career
He started his political career in the year 2009 by quitting his designation as 'Civil Servant' from Indian Railways and joined in the politics. He was opted by Congress Party Leader and Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Dr. Y.S. Raja Sekhar Reddy to be Member of Legislative Assembly for Yerragondapalem Constituency for the term 2009 general elections. He won as 'Member of Legislative Assembly' in the first attempt itself and did many development works in the constituency for the welfare of the people. Later, he was elected as Member of Legislative Assembly for the Santhanuthalapadu Constituency.
See also
Yerragondapalem
Santhanuthalapadu
References
External links
Personal web portfolio
Category:Members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
Category:YSR Congress politicians
Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019
Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014
Category:Indian civil servants
Category:Living people
Category:1964 births |
Economy of Omaha, Nebraska | The economy of Omaha, Nebraska has served as a major commercial hub in the Midwestern United States since its founding in 1854. Dubbed the "Motor Mouth City" by The New York Times, Omaha is widely regarded as the telecommunications capital of the United States. The city's economy includes agriculture, food processing, insurance, transportation, healthcare and education. Warren Buffett of Berkshire Hathaway has lived in Omaha all of his life, as have the ConAgra Foods, Union Pacific Railroad and Mutual of Omaha Companies, and Kiewit Corporation, all Fortune 500 corporations.
According to the Nebraska Department of Labor, in March 2008 the unemployment rate in Omaha was 3.9 percent. Between 2000 and 2005 Omaha's job growth was 0.70 percent. In 2006 the sales tax rate was seven percent, with income tax at 6.68 percent. That same year the median family income was $56,869, with a 1.80 percent housing price gain.
In September 2007 the city ranked eighth among the 50 largest cities in the United States in both per-capita billionaires and Fortune 500 companies. According to USA Today, no other city in the country could claim a ranking as high as Omaha on both lists. The paper identified the richest residents of Omaha as Ameritrade founder Joe Ricketts, worth $1.5 billion; Walter Scott Jr. of Peter Kiewit Sons, worth $1.2 billion; and Warren Buffett, then valued by Forbes magazine at $44 billion. The city ranks fourteenth among the states for philanthropic giving, according to the Catalogue of Philanthropy.
Historic economic sectors and industries
In the years after the founding of Omaha, the city's economy grew in cycles. Early success as a transportation hub drew a variety of economic sectors to the downtown area. The early warehousing area was located next to the Missouri River, drawings good from steamboats coming upriver from Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri, as well as points east. The Union Pacific Railroad has been headquartered in Omaha since its inception, eventually bringing the meatpacking, stockyard, and regional brewing companies to the city. The American Smelting and Refining Company owned a large plant on the Omaha riverfront from 1881 into the 1990s, when the Environmental Protection Agency forced it to close.
Omaha has a long history of labor unrest and conflict between management and workers. As a long-time open shop the city gained the reputation for actively breaking unions; however, with the loss of large-scale railroad operations and meat production, the labor-driven protests, rioting and civil unrest of the past appears to be gone.
Wholesaling and manufacturing
In 1870 Omaha began its role as a wholesale jobbing center for the United States. The wholesale jobber purchased goods directly from the manufacturer, transported these goods via the railroads, and sold them directly to small businesses through traveling salesmen. Omaha jobbers handled a wide variety of wholesale products along the Great Platte River Road and beyond, including groceries, dry goods, hardware, fruits, paper, and liquor. The city created a market house and a food-oriented warehousing district to meet the needs of this sector of the economy.
Omaha earned its nickname, the "Gateway to the West", because of its central location as a transportation hub for the United States in the middle and late 19th century. Emigrants, gold seekers, Mormons, freighters, Native Americans, speculators and land sharks all contributed. The Omaha Claim Club was an early land claim seller, court, jury and enforcement group. Jobbers Canyon grew as a warehousing center as carriage factories, wholesale houses, and barbed wire factories, along with Downtown Omaha department stores such as Brandeis and hotels such as Hotel Fontenelle. The city's breweries, brickyards, iron works, flour mills, and the Union Pacific headquarters caused the city to swell rapidly between the 1880s and the 1920s.
The "Big Four" local breweries in Omaha were the Storz, Krug, Willow Springs and Metz breweries.
Businesses
Warehousing and manufacturing operations out of Omaha from its founding through the 1920s include the Western Bridge and Construction Company. Other important businesses included the Byron Reed Company and the N.P. Dodge Company.
Stockyards and meatpacking
The meatpacking industry, built in conjunction with the Omaha Stockyards, started to grow in the 1890s, and provided financial strength to the city through the 1970s. A fierce rival of Chicago's Union Stock Yards, the Omaha Stockyards were third in the nation for production by 1890. The "Big Four" meat packers during this time were Armour, Wilson, Cudahy, and Swift. There were several breweries established throughout the city during this period. In 1947 they were second only to Chicago in worldwide ratings. Omaha overtook Chicago as the U.S.'s largest livestock market and meat packing industry center in 1955, a title which it held until 1971. The 116-year-old institution closed in 1999.
Businesses
There were several small-scale meatpacking operations in Omaha during this period. Large plants in Omaha included Armour, Cudahy, Swift and Morris, along with several smaller companies. All together they employed over 13,000 men by the 1950s.
Transportation
The Missouri River provided the initial source of revenue for young Omaha, as fur trappers such as Manuel Lisa used the area to build their inland empires with local Native American tribes. As steamboats started pouring in goods manufactured in the Eastern United States, thousands of tons of goods came through the city. However, the problem of transporting materials for the growing Midwestern United States needed to be addressed, which luckily opened the doorways to the city's major growth engine in its earliest years. The second period of growth in Omaha, from approximately 1865 through the 1880s, is attributed solely to the city's railroad connections, which drew almost all significant rail traffic from the Pacific Northwest through the area. By the 1870s, Omaha had seven major rail lines.
Major bus lines and airlines have traveled through the city for almost 100 years. Several major highways and bridges come into the city as well.
Businesspeople
Early businesspeople who were important to the growth and development of the city include a variety of bankers, investors, promoters, lawyers, and entrepreneurs. Omaha is said to have been founded by William D. Brown, the entrepreneur behind the Lone Tree Ferry which brought settlers across from Council Bluffs, Iowa. Alfred D. Jones was a surveyor and lawyer who first platted the city. Later the brothers Edward and John A. Creighton traveled west from their native Ohio planting telegraph wires along the way. Their contributions to the city's growth were innumerable, with varied backgrounds in banking, investing and philanthropy. Similarly, the Kountze family's impact on the city was immense. Augustus and his brother Herman founded the bank that became the First National of Nebraska, which today is the largest independent bank in the U.S., and is still headquartered in Omaha. Gilbert Hitchcock and Edward Rosewater were among the many influential newspaper editors in the city, founding empires that promoted, molded and drove economic development. Frederick Krug, Frederick Metz and Gottlieb Storz were all early beer brewers, with counterparts in the meatpacking industry included Edward Cudahy, Sr. among others.
Current economic sectors and industries
Currently, the service sector accounts for approximately 40 percent of total employment in Omaha. Other key sectors in the city include trade, transportation and utilities, finance, insurance, and real estate. Telecommunications and architecture/construction are also major influences on the city's local economy. The Greater Omaha Economic Development Partnership identifies the defense industry, manufacturing, and information technology as important areas as well.
The presence of the Strategic Air Command during the Cold War and the U.S. Strategic Command has led to a strong defense industry. The city's transportation has been vital to its growth, with more than 144 million pounds of cargo passing through Eppley Airfield in 2004. The Union Pacific and several other major railroads provide freight service coordinated with many trucking companies serving the metropolitan area.
Studies also show that the Holland Foundation, which is based in Omaha, is one of the nation's most generous philanthropic foundations.
Finance and insurance
The insurance industry has also been important to the city's fiscal well-being, while its finance and real estate sectors have been less-so than the nation as a whole. The nation's largest privately held bank, First National of Nebraska, as well as three Fortune 1000 financial services companies (Berkshire Hathaway, Mutual of Omaha and TD Ameritrade) make Omaha one of the highest density clusters of the country's financial sector. In addition, insurance companies based in Omaha include Blue Cross Blue Shield of Nebraska, Physicians Mutual, Woodmen of the World, and Berkshire Hathaway subsidiaries National Indemnity Company, and Central States Indemnity.
Telecommunications and information technology
According to Newsweek magazine, "Omaha is where the blue-collar work of the information economy is done. Phones are answered, money is counted, and data are processed. Six national fiber optic networks converge here."
The telecommunications industry has gravitated to Omaha over the last 30 years. After the U.S. government relocated the Strategic Air Command here following World War II, the city became home to one of the world's most advanced and secure phone systems. Other factors in the city's success include the city's location in the Central Time Zone, making it more convenient to call either coast during the work day, as well as local speech patterns, described as "pure American," making it easily understood everywhere. Nebraska state regulators granted local phone companies wide latitude to deploy new services rapidly. Furthermore, Omaha's Metropolitan Community College created telecommunications-related courses and training programs. Since the early 1980s, several large hotel and travel reservation operations, including those for Marriott, Hyatt, Radisson and Westin hotels as well as the traffic information center for Greyhound Bus Lines, have all been located in the city. After the AT&T breakup, US West, the phone company whose 14-state territory includes Nebraska, adopted the slogan "Dial 800 and get Omaha" to promote its services. Worldwide telecommunications company West Corporation was founded in Omaha in 1986, and it is currently still headquartered there. Other nationwide companies with major call center operations located in Omaha include PayPal, Cox Communications, and Aflac.
Omaha was one of the first U.S. cities to develop a fiber optic network. Over the past 10 years, its telecommunications foundation has expanded into a thriving information technology sector. Today, the city has several educational facilities focused on information technology and telecommunications, including the University of Nebraska's Peter Kiewit Institute, Creighton University's Joe Ricketts Center in Electronic Commerce and Database Marketing, the Creighton Institute of Information Technology Management, and programs at Bellevue University.
Companies
The Omaha metropolitan area's largest employer is the Offutt Air Force Base, which employs over 10,000 military and civilian workers. Its second-largest is Alegent Health, with approximately 7,500 employees, followed by Omaha Public Schools and First Data Corporation, each with approximately 7,000 employees. Other major employers in the Omaha area include Methodist Health System, Mutual of Omaha, ConAgra Foods, Nebraska Health System, Odyssey Staffing Inc., Staff Mid-America, and the West Corporation.
Businesspeople
For further information see Businesspeople in Omaha (category)
According to USA Today, Omaha is ranked eighth among the nation's 50 largest cities in both per-capita billionaires and Fortune 500 companies. Warren Buffett, nicknamed the "Oracle of Omaha", was ranked as the richest people in the world in 2017. Other influential businesspeople in the area include Cathy Hughes, owner of Radio One.
Retail
Omaha is home to five major shopping malls: Westroads Mall, Crossroads Mall, Oak View Mall, and Village Pointe, an outdoor shopping mall located in far west Omaha. Village Pointe houses some of Omaha's finer national retailers, such as Coach, Inc. and Apple Inc. Shadow Lake Towne Center is another large scale outdoor shopping mall located in the suburb of Papillion. Several smaller scale shopping centers are located throughout the city. One Pacific Place and Regency Court Mall are upscale shopping centers in the Regency neighborhood. Borsheim's Fine Jewelry store is located in Regency Court Mall. Sorensen Park Plaza, Aksarben Village, Midtown Crossing, and Rockbrook Village are other major shopping centers in the Omaha area.
Located near Crossroads Mall on 72nd and Dodge, Nebraska Furniture Mart is the largest home furnishings store in North America.
The Target Corporation entered the hypermarket format in 1995 by opening its first SuperTarget store in Omaha.
Although Downtown Omaha was once the city's major retail district, most retail locations are now located in Midtown and West Omaha. However, the Old Market District has several local specialty shops and clothing stores and boutiques. The NoDo development has brought national retailers back to downtown with Urban Outfitters and American Apparel opening in the Slowdown development.
The neighborhoods of Benson, Dundee, and South Omaha all have main street retail districts.
Headquarters
Omaha is home to four companies listed on the Fortune 500 list: Berkshire Hathaway (#12), Union Pacific (#151), Peter Kiewit and Sons, Inc. (#446), and Mutual of Omaha (#489). Omaha is also the headquarters of several other major corporations, including The Gallup Organization, Physicians Mutual, TD Ameritrade, Werner Enterprises, and First National Bank. Many large technology firms have major operations or operational headquarters in Omaha as well. Those include First Data, PayPal, and LinkedIn. The city is home to three of the 30 largest architecture firms in the United States: HDR, Inc., DLR Group, Inc., and Leo A. Daly Co.. The Lozier Corporation, West Corporation, ITI Marketing Services, Omaha Steaks, Pamida, Oriental Trading Company, Valmont Industries, First Comp Insurance, Hayneedle, and Godfather's Pizza are based in the city themselves
Current urban growth
The city recently has experienced a large amount of economic growth. In its downtown area, the Omaha World-Herald''s Freedom Center, the First National Bank Tower, the CenturyLink Center Omaha, and the Gallup University campus have each been identified as central to the city's revitalization efforts. WallStreet Tower Omaha was a planned downtown addition that would have been the city's third tallest building. The Missouri River waterfront development project features a pedestrian bridge connecting Omaha and Council Bluffs, Iowa. Also, there are two condominium towers and an area for both retail and restaurants. Redevelopment has been ongoing in the north downtown area, with interest piquing after the recent announcement of a new downtown baseball stadium for the College World Series in the area.
In West Omaha — parts of which were covered in cornfields as recently as 2002, several commercial districts and high wealth neighborhoods have developed. A mixed-use development in the southwest portion of the city called Coventry will be a complex of mansions, commercial development, and retail/restaurants. Projects are also under way for improving North Omaha. In the Midtown area, Mutual of Omaha is redeveloping an area bordering 31st to 33rd streets and Dodge to Harney streets that is called Midtown Crossing at Turner Park. Featuring condominiums, apartments and an Element Hotel, The area will also host an urban style movie theater with restaurant and bar/club included, a grocery store, restaurants, a dry cleaners, a health club and other shops and services. After renovating and expanding the public Turner Park, the development seeks to become a catalyst for further redevelopment in the area. Another mixed-use project in Midtown is situated on the site of the former Ak-Sar-Ben Colesium. Aksarben Village is a huge complex consisting of University of Nebraska at Omaha's Aksarben Campus containing learning centers and dorms, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of NE's new Headquarters, First Data's Omaha offices, a neighborhood grocer, restaurants, shops, a hotel, lounges, bars, clubs, a movie theater, residential areas, and several other medium and small business offices.
Also, in 2009, Omaha released a new master plan for Downtown's development over the next 30 years. It divides several unique districts, The Downtown Center, North Downtown, the Entertainment district, the North and South Riverfront, the Joslyn District, The Park East/Farnam District, and the Old Market District. The Entertainment district will include the CenturyLink Center Omaha and the TD Ameritrade Park. Also, there is a proposed area for a several soccer or baseball fields. A large Part of the new Master Plan is the prediction of 8 new office towers in the next 30 years.
Another positive economic note for Omaha is that out of all major U.S. cites, it was least affected by the 2008 economic recession.
Current poverty and economic isolation
Census data in Douglas County from 2000 shows more than 7,800 families living below the poverty line. This is about 6.7 percent of families. In 2007, the director of a statewide poverty advocacy group was quoted as saying, "In Omaha, you start talking about low-income issues, people assume you’re talking about minority issues..." As of October 2007, the city of Omaha, the 42nd largest in the country, has the fifth-highest percentage of low-income African Americans in the country.
See also
Railroads in Omaha
Transportation in Omaha
Gambling in Omaha, Nebraska
Hotels in Omaha (category)
Mass media in Omaha (category)
Shopping malls in Omaha (category)
Tourist attractions in Omaha (category)
References
External links
Omaha-Council Bluffs Economy at a glance - US Bureau of Labor Statistics
Omaha |
Magliaso railway station | Magliaso is a railway station in the municipality of Magliaso in the Swiss canton of Ticino. The station is on the metre gauge Lugano–Ponte Tresa railway (FLP), between Lugano and Ponte Tresa.
The station is served by FLP trains on line S60 of the Ticino rapid transit network, which operate every 15 minutes between Lugano and Ponte Tresa, with trains every 30 minutes at weekends and evenings. The station is also served by Autopostale buses to Novaggio.
The station has a passing loop, with two side platforms. It was rebuilt in 1979, in collaboration with the PTT.
References
Magliaso
Category:Ticino rapid transit railway stations |
Bytharia | Bytharia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by Francis Walker in 1865. The species which are relatively large for subfamily Sterrhinae and are characterized by pale yellow wings with uniform gray margins and, on the forewing, gray along the costa.
Species
Bytharia angusticincta Prout, 1920
Bytharia atrimargo Warren, 1896
Bytharia baletensis Schultze, 1925
Bytharia circumdata Swinhoe, 1902
Bytharia circumducta Pagenstecher, 1900
Bytharia latimargo Warren
Bytharia lucida Warren, 1899
Bytharia marginata Walker, 1864
Bytharia uniformis Swinhoe, 1902
References
Category:Sterrhinae
Category:Cosymbiini |
Subsets and Splits