( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Afghan ) ( NNS guerrillas ) ) ( VP ( VBD bombarded ) ( NP ( NNP Kabul ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN weekend ) ( NN assault ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Western ) ( NNS diplomats ) ) ( VP ( VBD called ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( NP ( CD one ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS biggest ) ( NNS offensives ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN since ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Soviet ) ( NNP Union ) ) ( VP ( VBD completed ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN troop ) ( NN withdrawal ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP February ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Afghan guerrillas bombarded Kabul in a weekend assault that Western diplomats called one of the biggest offensives since the Soviet Union completed a troop withdrawal in February


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS rebels ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( ADVP ( RB reportedly ) ) ( VP ( VBD tightened ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN blockade ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS roads ) ) ( VP ( VBG leading ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN capital ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN government ) ( NNS forces ) ) ( VP ( VBD shelled ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ guerrilla-held ) ( NN area ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ western ) ( NNP Afghanistan ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The rebels also reportedly tightened a blockade on roads leading to the capital and government forces shelled a guerrilla-held area in western Afghanistan


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Lebanon ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Christian ) ( NN leader ) ) ( VP ( VBD convened ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN emergency ) ( NN meeting ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( NN cabinet ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( NNS indications ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB dissolve ) ( NP ( NNP Parliament ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN attempt ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB scuttle ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ Arab-sponsored ) ( NN peace ) ( NN plan ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Lebanon 's Christian leader convened an emergency meeting of his cabinet after indications that he might dissolve Parliament in an attempt to scuttle an Arab-sponsored peace plan


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Gen. ) ( NNP Michel ) ( NNP Aoun ) ) ( VP ( VBD rejected ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN pact ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ fails ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB provide ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN timetable ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ Syrian ) ( NN troop ) ( NN pullout ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Lebanon ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Gen. Michel Aoun rejected the pact because it fails to provide a timetable for a Syrian troop pullout from Lebanon


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Authorities ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Hawaii ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN wreckage ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( VBG missing ) ( NN commuter ) ( NN plane ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 20 ) ( NNS people ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( IN aboard ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN spotted ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ remote ) ( NN valley ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN island ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Molokai ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Authorities in Hawaii said the wreckage of a missing commuter plane with 20 people aboard was spotted in a remote valley on the island of Molokai


( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX There ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( RB n't ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN evidence ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS survivors ) ) ) ) ) )

There was n't any evidence of survivors


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NN plane ) ) ( VP ( VBD failed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB reach ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Molokai ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN airport ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Saturday ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN while ) ( S ( PP-PRD ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN flight ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBG neighboring ) ( NN island ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Maui ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The plane failed to reach Molokai 's airport Saturday while on a flight from the neighboring island of Maui


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NNP Oakland ) ( NNP Athletics ) ) ( VP ( VBD won ) ( NP ( NP ( NN baseball ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP World ) ( NNP Series ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG defeating ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP San ) ( NNP Francisco ) ( NNPS Giants ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ four-game ) ( NN sweep ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Oakland Athletics won baseball 's World Series defeating the San Francisco Giants in a four-game sweep


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT An ) ( NN earthquake ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 17 ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Northern ) ( NNP California ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN caused ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ 10-day ) ( NN delay ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( NN midway ) ( PP ( IN through ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN championship ) ( NN contest ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD ended ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Saturday ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP San ) ( NNP Francisco ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Candlestick ) ( NNP Park ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

An earthquake Oct. 17 in Northern California had caused a 10-day delay midway through the championship contest which ended Saturday at San Francisco 's Candlestick Park


( SINV ( VBD Died ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Rudolf ) ( NNP von ) ( NNP Bennigsen-Foerder ) ) ( NP ( CD 63 ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN chairman ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Veba ) ( NNP AG ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP West ) ( NNP Germany ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Duesseldorf ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN pneumonia ) ) ) )

Died Rudolf von Bennigsen-Foerder 63 chairman of Veba AG of West Germany in Duesseldorf of pneumonia


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Kellwood ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD completed ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB previously ) ( VBN announced ) ) ( NN acquisition ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Crowntuft ) ( NNP Manufacturing ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( NNP New ) ( JJ York-based ) ) ( NN maker ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN chenille ) ( NNS robes ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN lounge ) ( NN wear ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Kellwood Co. said it completed a previously announced acquisition of Crowntuft Manufacturing Corp. a New York-based maker of chenille robes and lounge wear


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN apparel ) ( NN maker ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB disclose ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS terms ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN agreement ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The apparel maker would n't disclose terms of the agreement


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Kellwood ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Gabriel ) ( NNP Hakim ) ( NNP Sr. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN president ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Crowntuft ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB continue ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB head ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Crowntuft ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN management ) ( NN group ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Kellwood said Gabriel Hakim Sr. president of Crowntuft will continue to head Crowntuft 's management group


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN Market ) ( NNS makers ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Nasdaq ) ( JJ over-the-counter ) ( NNS stocks ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG adding ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS voices ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBG swelling ) ( NN chorus ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS complaints ) ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( NN program ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Market makers in Nasdaq over-the-counter stocks are adding their voices to the swelling chorus of complaints about program trading


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ Their ) ( NN motivation ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ strong ) ( JJ practical ) ( NN aspect ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Program ) ( NN trading ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ hazardous ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS paychecks ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Their motivation however has a strong practical aspect Program trading is hazardous to their paychecks


( SINV ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( DT The ) ( RBS most ) ( JJ controversial ) ( NN form ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN program ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NN stock-index ) ( NN arbitrage ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG making ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ tough ) ) ( SBAR-1 ( IN for ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS traders ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( NP ( NN money ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ declares ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Robert ) ( NNP Antolini ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN head ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP OTC ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Donaldson ) ( NNP Lufkin ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Jenrette ) ) ) ) ) )

The most controversial form of program trading stock-index arbitrage is making it tough for traders to make money declares Robert Antolini head of OTC trading at Donaldson Lufkin & Jenrette


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN Stock-index ) ( NN arbitrage ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ computer-guided ) ( NN buying ) ( CC and ) ( NN selling ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS stocks ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( VBG offsetting ) ( NNS trades ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN stock-index ) ( NNS futures ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB profit ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( JJ fleeting ) ( NN price ) ( NNS discrepancies ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ affects ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP OTC ) ( NN market ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB directly ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN through ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 31 ) ( NNS stocks ) ) ( VP ( VBN included ) ( PP-CLR-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Standard ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Poor ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ 500-stock ) ( NN index ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Stock-index arbitrage the computer-guided buying and selling of stocks with offsetting trades in stock-index futures to profit from fleeting price discrepancies affects the OTC market directly through the 31 stocks included in Standard & Poor 's 500-stock index


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP S&P ) ( CD 500 ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB often ) ) ( VP ( VBN used ) ( PP-CLR-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN arbitrage ) ( NNS strategies ) ) ) ) ) )

The S&P 500 is often used in arbitrage strategies


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN portion ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP OTC ) ( NN volume ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ attributable ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN program ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN known ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( PP-PRD ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP Stock ) ( NNP Exchange ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB where ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD amounted ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( JJR more ) ( IN than ) ( CD 13 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The portion of OTC volume attributable to program trading is n't known as it is on the New York Stock Exchange where it amounted to more than 13 % in September


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Estimates ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNS traders ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD put ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( JJR less ) ( IN than ) ( CD 5 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Nasdaq ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ average ) ( JJ daily ) ( NN volume ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( RB roughly ) ( CD 133 ) ( CD million ) ) ( NNS shares ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Estimates from traders put it at less than 5 % of Nasdaq 's average daily volume of roughly 133 million shares


( NP ( NP ( JJ Other ) ( NN market-maker ) ( NNS gripes ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Program ) ( NN trading ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBZ causes ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Nasdaq ) ( NNP Composite ) ( NNP Index ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB lose ) ( NP ( NN ground ) ) ( PP ( IN against ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS segments ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN stock ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Other market-maker gripes Program trading also causes the Nasdaq Composite Index to lose ground against other segments of the stock market


( S ( PP-PRP ( IN Because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN program ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RBR more ) ( JJ difficult ) ) ( S-1 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB trade ) ( NP ( JJ many ) ( NNP OTC ) ( NNS stocks ) ) ( PP ( IN without ) ( NP ( JJ sharp ) ( NN price ) ( NNS moves ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-ADV ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN condition ) ) ( VP ( VBN known ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NN illiquidity ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Because of program trading it is more difficult to trade many OTC stocks without sharp price moves a condition known as illiquidity


( S ( ADVP ( RB Moreover ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN price ) ( NN volatility ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-3 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN amplified ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NN program ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG undercutting ) ( NP ( NNS efforts ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB woo ) ( NP ( JJ individual ) ( NNS investors ) ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB back ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NNP OTC ) ( NN market ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB sorely ) ) ( VBZ misses ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Moreover the price volatility that is amplified by program trading is undercutting efforts to woo individual investors back to an OTC market that sorely misses them


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT Some ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT these ) ( NNS problems ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( DT neither ) ( JJ new ) ( CC nor ) ( JJ unique ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP OTC ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) )

Some of these problems are neither new nor unique to the OTC market


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ big ) ( ADJP ( RB often ) ( JJ tumultuous ) ) ( NN slide ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN stock ) ( NNS prices ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN month ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN turned ) ( NP ( NP ( DT some ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT those ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBG profiting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN practice ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN against ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) )

But the big often tumultuous slide in stock prices this month has turned some of those who have been profiting from the practice against it


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Peter ) ( NNP DaPuzzo ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN head ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ retail ) ( NN equity ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Shearson ) ( NNP Lehman ) ( NNP Hutton ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ acknowledges ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( JJ troubled ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NN program ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD began ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ pre-crash ) ( NN bull ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD added ) ( NP ( NN liquidity ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( JJ pleased ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB see ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN stock ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( VP ( NN rising ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Peter DaPuzzo head of retail equity trading at Shearson Lehman Hutton acknowledges that he was n't troubled by program trading when it began in the pre-crash bull market because it added liquidity and people were pleased to see stock prices rising


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( RB n't ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB as ) ( VBN concerned ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN until ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD became ) ( NP-PRD ( NN sell ) ( NNS programs ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP DaPuzzo ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ( VP ( VBZ thinks ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ adds ) ( NP ( JJ unnecessary ) ( NN volatility ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

We were n't as concerned until they became sell programs says Mr. DaPuzzo who now thinks it adds unnecessary volatility


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Shearson ) ( NNP Lehman ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ( VP ( VBZ executes ) ( NP ( NN program ) ( NNS trades ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNS clients ) ) ) ) )

Shearson Lehman however executes program trades for clients


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNP Merrill ) ( NNP Lynch ) ) ( NP ( NNP Goldman ) ( NNP Sachs ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Kidder ) ( NNP Peabody ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN addition ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Shearson ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( NP ( JJ program-trade ) ( NNP OTC ) ( NNS stocks ) ) ) )

Merrill Lynch Goldman Sachs and Kidder Peabody in addition to Shearson do program-trade OTC stocks


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Shearson ) ) ( NP ( NNP Merrill ) ( NNP Lynch ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Goldman ) ( NNP Sachs ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( ADVP-PRD ( RB so ) ) ( PP ( ADVP ( RB only ) ) ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNS customers ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ) )

Shearson Merrill Lynch and Goldman Sachs say they do so only for customers however


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Kidder ) ( NNP Peabody ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( NP ( NN program ) ( NN trading ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ own ) ) ( CONJP ( RB as ) ( RB well ) ( IN as ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS clients ) ( POS ' ) ) ) ( NX-1 ( NNS accounts ) ) ) ) ) )

Kidder Peabody does program trading for its own as well as clients ' accounts


( S ( S ( PP ( IN Of ) ( NP ( NN course ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( NP-PRD ( NN sell ) ( NNS programs ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ past ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB too ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP seem ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB hurt ) ( NP ( NN market ) ( NNS makers ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RBR more ) ( RB painfully ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT these ) ( NNS days ) ) ) ) )

Of course there were sell programs in past years too but they seem to hurt market makers more painfully these days


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( PP-PRD ( ADVP ( RB largely ) ) ( IN because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ defensive ) ( NNS measures ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD adopted ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1987 ) ( NN crash ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ individual ) ( NNS investors ) ) ( VP ( VBD fled ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN trading ) ( NN activity ) ) ( VP ( VBD dwindled ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

That 's largely because of defensive measures they adopted after the 1987 crash when individual investors fled the market and trading activity dwindled


( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NN Market ) ( NNS makers ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB cut ) ( NP ( NNS costs ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD slashed ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS inventories ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS stocks ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP keep ) ( S ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN hand ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB sell ) ( NP ( NNS investors ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ other ) ( NNS holders ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBG selling ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Market makers to cut costs slashed inventories of stocks they keep on hand to sell investors when other holders are n't selling


( S ( CC And ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB protect ) ( NP-4 ( PRP$ their ) ( VBN reduced ) ( NN capital ) ( NN investment ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG eroding ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB further ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NN market ) ( NNS makers ) ) ( VP ( VBD became ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RBR quicker ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB lower ) ( NP ( NN price ) ( NNS quotes ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN sell ) ( NNS programs ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( PP-PRD ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN progress ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And to protect their reduced capital investment from eroding further market makers became quicker to lower price quotes when sell programs are in progress


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN On ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS days ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS prices ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG tumbling ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD must ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ willing ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB buy ) ( NP ( NNS shares ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNS sellers ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT no ) ( NN one ) ( RB else ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

On days when prices are tumbling they must be willing to buy shares from sellers when no one else will


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( PDT such ) ( DT an ) ( NN environment ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN market ) ( NNS makers ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB suffer ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ huge ) ( NNS losses ) ) ( PP ( DT both ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS trades ) ) ( VP ( VBN made ) ( NP-TMP ( DT that ) ( NN day ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB steadily ) ( VBG dropping ) ) ( NNS prices ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN value ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS inventories ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS shares ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In such an environment market makers can suffer huge losses both on trades made that day at steadily dropping prices and in the value of their inventories of shares


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP It ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ makes ) ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN sense ) ) ( SBAR-2 ( IN for ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP us ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB put ) ( NP ( NN money ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( NN risk ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP know ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-4 ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( VP ( VBG going ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB lose ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Antolini ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Donaldson ) ( NNP Lufkin ) ) ) ) )

It makes no sense for us to put money at risk when you know you 're going to lose says Mr. Antolini of Donaldson Lufkin


( S-1 ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT this ) ( NN skittishness ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Antolini ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG creating ) ( NP ( NP ( NN liquidity ) ( NNS problems ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ certain ) ( NNP OTC ) ( NNS stocks ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But this skittishness Mr. Antolini says is creating liquidity problems in certain OTC stocks


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP It ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJR harder ) ) ( S-1 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB sell ) ( NP ( NNS stocks ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN sell ) ( NNS programs ) ) ( VP ( VBD come ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB in ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT some ) ( NN market ) ( NNS makers ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB want ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB take ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS orders ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It 's harder to sell stocks when the sell programs come in because some market makers do n't want to take the orders


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT No ) ( NN one ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( JJ big ) ( NNS positions ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT no ) ( NN one ) ) ( VP ( VBZ wants ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB take ) ( NP ( JJ big ) ( NNS risks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

No one has big positions and no one wants to take big risks


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Joseph ) ( NNP Hardiman ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN president ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP National ) ( NNP Association ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNPS Securities ) ( NNPS Dealers ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ oversees ) ( NP ( NP ( NN trading ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP Nasdaq ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ agrees ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN program ) ( NN trading ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG hurting ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS efforts ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB bring ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB back ) ) ( NP ( JJ small ) ( NNS investors ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Joseph Hardiman president of the National Association of Securities Dealers which oversees trading on Nasdaq agrees that program trading is hurting the market 's efforts to bring back small investors


( S-2 ( CC But ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ observes ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN while ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS makers ) ) ( VP ( VBP suffer ) ( NP ( NNS losses ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN program ) ( NN trading ) ) ( VP ( VBZ drags ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ( PRT ( RP down ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBP make ) ( NP ( NN money ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN program ) ( NN trading ) ) ( VP ( VBZ pushes ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RBR higher ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But he observes while makers suffer losses when program trading drags the market down they also make money when program trading pushes the prices higher


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Sometimes ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS traders ) ) ( VP ( VBP lose ) ( NP-CLR ( NN sight ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT that ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) )

Sometimes traders lose sight of that he says


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP OTC ) ( NNS stocks ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP S&P ) ( CD 500 ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP include ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Nasdaq ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJS biggest ) ) ( PP ( JJ such ) ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Apple ) ( NNP Computer ) ) ( NP ( NNP MCI ) ( NNPS Communications ) ) ( NP ( NNPS Tele-Communications ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Liz ) ( NNP Claiborne ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The OTC stocks in the S&P 500 include Nasdaq 's biggest such as Apple Computer MCI Communications Tele-Communications and Liz Claiborne


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT These ) ( JJ big ) ( NNS stocks ) ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB greatly ) ) ( VBP influence ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Nasdaq ) ( NNP Composite ) ( NNP Index ) ) ) )

These big stocks greatly influence the Nasdaq Composite Index


( S ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB When ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS computers ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( S ( VP ( VB sell ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ composite ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ tumbles ) ( PP-1 ( RB as ) ( ADVP ( ADVP ( RB well ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Dow ) ( NNP Jones ) ( NNP Industrial ) ( NNP Average ) ) ) ) ) ) )

When the computers say sell the composite tumbles as well as the Dow Jones Industrial Average


( S-2 ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN problem ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN market ) ( NNS makers ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN while ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ industrial ) ( NN average ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP S&P ) ( CD 500 ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB usually ) ) ( VP ( VBP recover ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN buy ) ( NNS programs ) ) ( VP ( VBP kick ) ( PRT ( IN in ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NNP Nasdaq ) ( NNP Composite ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB frequently ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN left ) ( ADVP-LOC-CLR ( IN behind ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The problem market makers say is that while the industrial average and the S&P 500 usually recover as buy programs kick in the Nasdaq Composite frequently is left behind


( S ( PP-TMP ( NP-ADV ( CD Eight ) ( NN trading ) ( NNS days ) ) ( IN after ) ( NP ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 12 ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN day ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN before ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN stock ) ( NN market ) ( NN plunge ) ) ) ) ( PRN ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN instance ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Nasdaq ) ( NNP Composite ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN fallen ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 4.3 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( VBN compared ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( CD 3.3 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP S&P ) ( CD 500 ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 3.5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP Stock ) ( NNP Exchange ) ( NNP Composite ) ( NNP Index ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 3.6 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ industrial ) ( NN average ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Eight trading days after Oct. 12 the day before the stock market plunge for instance the Nasdaq Composite had fallen 4.3 % compared with 3.3 % for the S&P 500 3.5 % for the New York Stock Exchange Composite Index and 3.6 % for the industrial average


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT This ) ( NN gap ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB eventually ) ) ( VP ( VBZ closes ) ( PRN ( CC but ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB slowly ) ) ) ) )

This gap eventually closes but slowly


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( CD Three ) ( NNS days ) ) ( RB later ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN as ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Friday ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN close ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Nasdaq ) ( NNP Composite ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-PRD ( RB down ) ( NP-ADV ( CD 6 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( PP ( VBN compared ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( CD 5.9 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ industrial ) ( NN average ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 5.7 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP S&P ) ( CD 500 ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 5.8 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Big ) ( NNP Board ) ( NNP Composite ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Three days later as of Friday 's close the Nasdaq Composite was down 6 % compared with 5.9 % for the industrial average 5.7 % for the S&P 500 and 5.8 % for the Big Board Composite


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ main ) ( NN reason ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN lag ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ individual ) ( NNS investors ) ) ( VP ( JJ own ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 65 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP OTC ) ( NN market ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN capitalization ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Hardiman ) ) ) ) ( NP-2 ( NP ( RB much ) ( JJR more ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Big ) ( NNP Board ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The main reason for this lag is that individual investors own 65 % of the OTC market 's capitalization according to Mr. Hardiman much more than on the Big Board


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJ Such ) ( NNS investors ) ) ( VP ( VBP tend ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ cautious ) ) ( SBAR ( IN than ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ institutional ) ( NNS investors ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG re-entering ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( JJ massive ) ( NNS selloffs ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN market ) ( NNS makers ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ) )

Such investors tend to be more cautious than institutional investors are about re-entering the market after massive selloffs market makers say


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NNP Friday ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Market ) ( NNP Activity ) )

Friday 's Market Activity


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP Nasdaq ) ( NNP Composite ) ( NNP Index ) ) ( VP ( VBD tumbled ) ( NP-EXT ( NP ( CD 5.39 ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( CD 1.2 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 452.76 ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP Friday ) ) ) ) )

The Nasdaq Composite Index tumbled 5.39 or 1.2 % to 452.76 on Friday


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN week ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN index ) ) ( VP ( VBD dropped ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 3.8 ) ( NN % ) ) ) )

For the week the index dropped 3.8 %


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN Weakness ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ big ) ( NN technology ) ( NNS stocks ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP hurt ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN composite ) ) ( CONJP ( RB as ) ( RB well ) ( IN as ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Nasdaq ) ( CD 100 ) ( NNP Index ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD fell ) ( NP-EXT ( NP ( CD 1.4 ) ( NN % ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( CD 6.43 ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP Friday ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 437.68 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Weakness in big technology stocks hurt the composite as well as the Nasdaq 100 Index which fell 1.4 % or 6.43 on Friday to 437.68


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP Nasdaq ) ( NNP Financial ) ( NNP Index ) ) ( VP ( VBD lost ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( IN about ) ( CD 1 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( CD 3.95 ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 448.80 ) ) ) ) )

The Nasdaq Financial Index lost about 1 % or 3.95 to 448.80


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Friday ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN trading ) ( NN volume ) ) ( VP ( VBD totaled ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 132.8 ) ( CD million ) ) ( NNS shares ) ) ) )

Friday 's trading volume totaled 132.8 million shares


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ average ) ( JJ daily ) ( NN share ) ( NN turnover ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP October ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( QP ( RB almost ) ( CD 148 ) ( CD million ) ) ( NNS shares ) ) ) )

The average daily share turnover for October is almost 148 million shares


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP LIN ) ( NNP Broadcasting ) ) ( VP ( VBD surged ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 4 ) ( CD 5\/8 ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 112 ) ( CD 5\/8 ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP LIN ) ( CC and ) ( NNP BellSouth ) ) ( VP ( VBD sweetened ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN merger ) ( NN agreement ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN attempt ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB keep ) ( NP-1 ( NNS shareholders ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG tendering ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS shares ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP McCaw ) ( NNP Cellular ) ( NNPS Communications ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

LIN Broadcasting surged 4 5\/8 to 112 5\/8 LIN and BellSouth sweetened their merger agreement in an attempt to keep shareholders from tendering their shares to McCaw Cellular Communications


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP McCaw ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD dropped ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 2 ) ( CD 1\/2 ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 37 ) ( CD 3\/4 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN offered ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 125 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN majority ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP LIN ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS shares ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

McCaw which dropped 2 1\/2 to 37 3\/4 has offered 125 a share for a majority of LIN 's shares


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( VBN revised ) ( NNP LIN-BellSouth ) ( NN agreement ) ) ( VP ( VBZ boosts ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN dollar ) ( NN amount ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ special ) ( NN dividend ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NNP LIN ) ) ( VP ( VBZ promises ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( NP ( NNS shareholders ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The revised LIN-BellSouth agreement boosts the dollar amount of the special dividend LIN promises to pay shareholders


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP LIN ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ( VP ( VBZ plans ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB dole ) ( PRT ( RP out ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( CD 42 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN cash ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB up ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJR earlier ) ( ADJP ( CD 20 ) ) ( NN amount ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

LIN now plans to dole out 42 a share in cash up from the earlier 20 amount


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Intel ) ) ( VP ( VBD eased ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 1\/8 ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 31 ) ( CD 7\/8 ) ) ) ) )

Intel eased 1\/8 to 31 7\/8


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN semiconductor ) ( NN concern ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN interruption ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN shipment ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( CD 80486 ) ( NN computer ) ( NN chip ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ brief ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ little ) ( NN impact ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS earnings ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The semiconductor concern said the interruption in shipment of its 80486 computer chip will be brief and have little impact on the company 's earnings


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN stock ) ) ( VP ( VBD fell ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 7\/8 ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Thursday ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN amid ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS concerns ) ) ( PP ( IN over ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS problems ) ) ( VP ( VBN discovered ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN chip ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The stock fell 7\/8 Thursday amid concerns over problems discovered with the chip


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Intel ) ) ( VP ( VBD told ) ( NP ( NNS analysts ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB resume ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS shipments ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS chips ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN within ) ( NP ( QP ( CD two ) ( TO to ) ( CD three ) ) ( NNS weeks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Intel told analysts that the company will resume shipments of the chips within two to three weeks


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Weisfield ) ( POS 's ) ) ( VP ( VBD rocketed ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 9 ) ( CD 1\/2 ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 39 ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN after ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN jewelry ) ( NN store ) ( NN operator ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ preliminary ) ( NNS discussions ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN party ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB identify ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG regarding ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ possible ) ( NN acquisition ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Weisfield 's rocketed 9 1\/2 to 39 after the jewelry store operator said it is in preliminary discussions with a party it would n't identify regarding the possible acquisition of the company


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Starpointe ) ( NNP Savings ) ( NNP Bank ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 3 ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 20 ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN after ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Federal ) ( NNP Deposit ) ( NNP Insurance ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( VP ( VBD approved ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Dime ) ( NNP Savings ) ( NNP Bank ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ) ) ( POS 's ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ 21-a-share ) ) ( NN acquisition ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Starpointe ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Starpointe Savings Bank rose 3 to 20 after the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. approved Dime Savings Bank of New York 's 21-a-share acquisition of Starpointe


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Kirschner ) ( NNP Medical ) ) ( VP ( VBD fell ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 4 ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 15 ) ) ) ) )

Kirschner Medical fell 4 to 15


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( NN third-quarter ) ( NNS earnings ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( ADVP ( RB probably ) ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( JJR lower ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 16 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD reported ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN despite ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN rise ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN revenue ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The company said its third-quarter earnings will probably be lower than the 16 cents a share it reported last year despite a rise in the company 's revenue


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Kirschner ) ) ( VP ( VBD earned ) ( NP ( CD 376,000 ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NN revenue ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 14.5 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1988 ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ) )

Kirschner earned 376,000 on revenue of 14.5 million in the 1988 quarter


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD blamed ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN number ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS factors ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS earnings ) ( NN decline ) ) ) ( PP-1 ( VBG including ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR softer ) ( NNS sales ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS joint-implants ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The company blamed a number of factors for the earnings decline including softer sales of joint-implants


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN Home ) ( NN taping ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ pre-recorded ) ( NN music ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ cuts ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NN record ) ( NN industry ) ( NNS revenues ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG banning ) ( NP ( NN home ) ( NN taping ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB hurt ) ( NP ( NNS consumers ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB even ) ( RBR more ) ) ) ) ) )

Home taping of pre-recorded music cuts into record industry revenues but banning home taping would hurt consumers even more


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN conclusion ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ independent ) ( NN report ) ) ( VP ( VBN prepared ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Office ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Technology ) ( NNP Assessment ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN request ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP House ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Senate ) ( NN judiciary ) ( NNS committees ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

That 's the conclusion of an independent report prepared by the Office of Technology Assessment at the request of the House and Senate judiciary committees


( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT The ) ( NN report ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN released ) ( NP-TMP ( NN today ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The report is to be released today


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN report ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN availability ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ such ) ( VBN advanced ) ( NN analog ) ( VBG recording ) ( NN equipment ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NN cassette ) ( NNS recorders ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB seem ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB increase ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN quantity ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN home ) ( NN copying ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The report says the availability of such advanced analog recording equipment as cassette recorders does n't seem to increase the quantity of home copying


( S-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ( NN finding ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN report ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ casts ) ( NP-CLR ( NN doubt ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN record ) ( NN industry ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN contention ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ new ) ( NN generation ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ digital ) ( NN recording ) ( NN equipment ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( ADVP ( RB inevitably ) ) ( VP ( VB lead ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ wholesale ) ( NN abuse ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( VBN copyrighted ) ( NN material ) ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NN home ) ( NNS tapers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

That finding the report says casts doubt on the record industry 's contention that the new generation of digital recording equipment will inevitably lead to wholesale abuse of copyrighted material by home tapers


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ longstanding ) ( NN position ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Recording ) ( NNP Industry ) ( NNP Association ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP America ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN trade ) ( NN group ) ) ( VP ( VBN based ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Washington ) ) ( NP ( NNP D.C. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( NN record ) ( NNS companies ) ) ( NP ( NNS performers ) ) ( NP ( NNS songwriters ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN music ) ( NNS publishers ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP need ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN remunerated ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( JJ government-imposed ) ( NNS fees ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN sale ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ blank ) ( NNS tapes ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( VBG recording ) ( NN equipment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS royalties ) ) ( VP ( VBN lost ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN home ) ( NN taping ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The longstanding position of the Recording Industry Association of America a trade group based in Washington D.C. is that record companies performers songwriters and music publishers need to be remunerated by government-imposed fees on the sale of blank tapes and recording equipment to make up for royalties lost to home taping


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VBP think ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN nail ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN coffin ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN royalty ) ( NN tax ) ( NN proposal ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Gary ) ( NNP Shapiro ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN vice ) ( NN president ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( UCP ( NN government ) ( CC and ) ( JJ legal ) ) ( NNS affairs ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Electronic ) ( NNPS Industries ) ( NNP Association ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Washington ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

I think it is a nail in the coffin in any royalty tax proposal says Gary Shapiro vice president for government and legal affairs of the Electronic Industries Association in Washington


( S ( SBAR-NOM-SBJ ( WHNP-1 ( WP What ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN report ) ) ( VP ( VBZ shows ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NP ( NN everything ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBP 've ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBG saying ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ past ) ( QP ( CD eight ) ( CC or ) ( CD nine ) ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PRN ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ audio ) ( NN taping ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS best ) ( NN thing ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB happen ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN recording ) ( NN industry ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

What the report shows is everything we 've been saying for the past eight or nine years that audio taping is the best thing to happen for the recording industry


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNS people ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP tape ) ( NP-ADV ( DT the ) ( JJS most ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP buy ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS most ) ) ) )

The people who tape the most buy the most


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Trish ) ( NNP Heimers ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN spokesperson ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP RIAA ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ her ) ( NN organization ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN received ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN copy ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBN completed ) ( NN report ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB yet ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( DT no ) ( JJ immediate ) ( NN comment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Trish Heimers a spokesperson for RIAA says her organization has n't received a copy of the completed report yet and has no immediate comment


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT A ) ( JJ recent ) ( NN agreement ) ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN recording ) ( NN industry ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNS electronics ) ( NNS manufacturers ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ requires ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT any ) ( JJ digital ) ( NN audio ) ( NN tape ) ( PRN ( CC or ) ( NNP DAT ) ) ( NN recorder ) ) ( VP ( VBN sold ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ built-in ) ( NN device ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ restricts ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN ability ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( NP ( JJ second ) ( NNS copies ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP DAT ) ( NN tape ) ( NNS copies ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ digital ) ( JJ compact ) ( NNS disks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A recent agreement between the recording industry and electronics manufacturers requires that any digital audio tape or DAT recorder sold in the U.S. have a built-in device that restricts its ability to make second copies from DAT tape copies of digital compact disks


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ disappointing ) ( NNS sales ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP DAT ) ( NNS machines ) ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB here ) ( CC and ) ( RB abroad ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB so ) ( RB far ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VBN seemed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB warrant ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD three ) ( NNS years ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ legal ) ( NN wrangling ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD went ) ( PP-DIR ( IN into ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN agreement ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But the disappointing sales of DAT machines here and abroad so far have not seemed to warrant the three years of legal wrangling that went into the agreement


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN Under ) ( NP ( JJ current ) ( JJ copyright ) ( NNS laws ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN considered ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( JJ fair ) ( NN use ) ) ) ( S-3 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB reproduce ) ( NP ( VBN copyrighted ) ( NN material ) ) ( PP ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NN one ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ personal ) ( NN use ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NN use ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NP ( NN one ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN family ) ( CC or ) ( NNS friends ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN while ) ( S ( S-NOM-SBJ-2 ( VP ( VBG copying ) ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS purposes ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN resale ) ( CC or ) ( NN profit ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN prohibited ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Under current copyright laws it is considered fair use to reproduce copyrighted material for one 's personal use or for use by one 's family or friends while copying for purposes of resale or profit is prohibited


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( DT A ) ( NN survey ) ) ( VP ( VBN contained ) ( PP-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ 291-page ) ( NN report ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-TTL ( NP ( NNP Copyright ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Home ) ( NNP Copying ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Technology ) ) ( VP ( VBZ Challenges ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN Law ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD found ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJS most ) ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( VBP consider ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN home ) ( NN copying ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( JJ personal ) ( NN use ) ) ) ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN right ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN right ) ) ( RB moreover ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN exercised ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( CD 40 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNPS Americans ) ) ( PP ( IN over ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN age ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 10 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN past ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A survey contained in the 291-page report Copyright and Home Copying Technology Challenges the Law found that most people consider home copying for such personal use a right a right moreover that was exercised by 40 % of Americans over the age of 10 in the past year


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN study ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ ambiguous ) ( JJ legal ) ( NN status ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN home ) ( NN copying ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ makes ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ appropriate ) ) ( S-1 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB examine ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS effects ) ) ( PP ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNS consumers ) ) ) ( CONJP ( RB as ) ( RB well ) ( IN as ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN industry ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The study says that the ambiguous legal status of home copying makes it appropriate to examine the effects on consumers as well as on industry


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Reports ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Office ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Technology ) ( NNP Assessment ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB prescribe ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( JJ specific ) ( JJ legislative ) ( NN action ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( VP ( VBP suggest ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN range ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS options ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Congress ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB pursue ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Reports by the Office of Technology Assessment do n't prescribe any specific legislative action but suggest a range of options that Congress may pursue


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN study ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN advent ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NNS communications ) ( NNS technologies ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ makes ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ explicit ) ( JJ congressional ) ( NN definition ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ legal ) ( NN status ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN home ) ( NN copying ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RBR more ) ( JJ desirable ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN order ) ) ) ( S ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB reduce ) ( NP ( JJ legal ) ( CC and ) ( NN market ) ( NNS uncertainties ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB prevent ) ( NP ( NP ( FW de ) ( FW facto ) ( NNS changes ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN copyright ) ( NN law ) ) ) ( PP ( IN through ) ( NP ( NN technology ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG finding ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ appropriate ) ( NN balance ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS harms ) ( CC and ) ( NNS benefits ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ political ) ( NN decision ) ) ( RB not ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ technical ) ( CD one ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The study also says that advent of new communications technologies makes an explicit congressional definition of the legal status of home copying more desirable in order to reduce legal and market uncertainties and to prevent de facto changes to copyright law through technology and says that finding an appropriate balance of harms and benefits is a political decision not a technical one


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP October ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( DT an ) ( JJ edgy ) ( NN month ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS practitioners ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN glasnost ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ official ) ( JJ Soviet ) ( NN policy ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG allowing ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR more ) ( NN candor ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN nation ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS media ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

October was an edgy month for the practitioners of glasnost the official Soviet policy of allowing more candor from the nation 's media


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( CD one ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS superstars ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN glasnost ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Vitaly ) ( NNP Korotich ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN editor ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ trail-blazing ) ( JJ weekly ) ( NNP Ogonyok ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Friday ) ) ( NP ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 20 ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ somersaulting ) ( NN day ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD turned ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NN tension ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN elation ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For one of the superstars of glasnost Vitaly Korotich editor of the trail-blazing weekly Ogonyok Friday Oct. 20 was a somersaulting day that turned from tension to elation


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN summoned ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Central ) ( NNP Committee ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Soviet ) ( NNP Communist ) ( NNP Party ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN after ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD finished ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( NN lunch ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Savoy ) ( NNP Hotel ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ unlikely ) ( NN prelude ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ bureaucratic ) ( NN brow-beating ) ) ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Eight-foot-tall ) ( ADJP ( JJ Rubenesquely ) ( JJ naked ) ) ( NNS ladies ) ) ( VP ( VBP float ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS canvases ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN toward ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN ceiling ) ) ( VP ( VBG teeming ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS cherubs ) ) ( VP ( DT all ) ( VP ( VBN surrounded ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NN gilt ) ) ( VP ( VBN laid ) ( PRT ( RP on ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN pastry ) ( NN chef ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN trowel ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBN supported ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NN marble ) ( JJ corinthian ) ( NNS columns ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WP$ whose ) ( NNS capitals ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NN fluting ) ( NNS fountains ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN gold ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He had been summoned to the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party after he finished his lunch at the Savoy Hotel an unlikely prelude to a bureaucratic brow-beating Eight-foot-tall Rubenesquely naked ladies float on their canvases toward a ceiling teeming with cherubs all surrounded by gilt laid on with a pastry chef 's trowel and supported by marble corinthian columns whose capitals are fluting fountains of gold


( SBARQ ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB Why ) ) ( S ( VBD had ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Korotich ) ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN called ) ) ) ) )

Why had Mr. Korotich been called


( S ( S-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VBD told ) ( NP ( PRP$ my ) ( NN driver ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBG taking ) ( NP ( PRP$ my ) ( NN butt ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Central ) ( NNP Committee ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN so ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( INTJ ( VB whack ) ( VB whack ) ( VB whack ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ his ) ( NN hand ) ) ( VP ( VBD made ) ( NP ( JJ vigorous ) ( JJ spanking ) ( NNS gestures ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( JJ left ) ( NN palm ) ) ) ) ) )

I told my driver he said that he was taking my butt to the Central Committee so they can whack whack whack his hand made vigorous spanking gestures on his left palm


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( VBP feel ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( NN need ) ) ( PP-TMP ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NN time ) ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN time ) ) ) ) ( S-2 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB educate ) ( NP ( PRP me ) ) ) ) ) ) )

They feel the need from time to time to educate me


( S ( CC And ) ( ADVP ( RB indeed ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB later ) ) ( VP ( VBD reported ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN import ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN meeting ) ) ) ) ) )

And indeed as he later reported that was the import of the meeting


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ Anxious ) ( NNS allies ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP President ) ( NNP Mikhail ) ( NNP Gorbachev ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG cautioning ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NNS media ) ( NNS leaders ) ) ( VP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB take ) ( NP-CLR ( PRP it ) ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB easy ) ) ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ careful ) ( S ( RB not ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB do ) ( NP ( NP ( NN anything ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-3 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN used ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Gorbachev ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS opponents ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Anxious allies of President Mikhail Gorbachev are cautioning media leaders to take it easy to be careful not to do anything that could be used by Mr. Gorbachev 's opponents


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN government ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ nervous ) ) ) )

The government is nervous


( S ( PP ( VBG According ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Korotich ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ present ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Gorbachev ) ( POS 's ) ) ( VBN publicized ) ( NN tongue-lashing ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN press ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 13 ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( JJR more ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN plea ) ) ( S ( S ( VP ( VB Be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ careful ) ) ( NP-VOC ( NNS boys ) ) ) ) ( S ( VP ( VB use ) ( NP ( JJ good ) ( NN judgment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

According to Mr. Korotich who was present Mr. Gorbachev 's publicized tongue-lashing of the press on Oct. 13 was more of a plea Be careful boys use good judgment


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( VP ( VBG standing ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN gasoline ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( RB so ) ( S ( VP ( VB do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB smoke ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

We 're standing in gasoline so do n't smoke


( S ( NP-SBJ ( UCP ( NNP U.S. ) ( CC and ) ( ADJP ( JJ northern ) ( JJ European ) ) ) ( NNS diplomats ) ) ( VP ( VBP confirm ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Korotich ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN assessment ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN glasnost ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT no ) ( JJ immediate ) ( NN danger ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

U.S. and northern European diplomats confirm Mr. Korotich 's assessment that glasnost is in no immediate danger


( S ( PP ( IN In ) ( NP ( NN fact ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB very ) ( JJ high-ranking ) ) ( JJ Soviet ) ( NN official ) ) ( VP ( VBD told ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ American ) ( NN official ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ diplomatic ) ( NN dinner ) ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN change ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN policy ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN contemplated ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In fact a very high-ranking Soviet official told an American official at a diplomatic dinner that no change in the policy was contemplated


( S ( NP-TMP ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN day ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( NP ( DT that ) ( NN conversation ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN residence ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN ambassador ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Brezhnevite ) ( NN editor ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Pravda ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NNP Victor ) ( NNP Afnasjev ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN replaced ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN college ) ( NN classmate ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Gorbachev ) ( POS 's ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The day after that conversation at the residence of the U.S. ambassador the Brezhnevite editor of Pravda Victor Afnasjev was replaced by a college classmate of Mr. Gorbachev 's


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Brezhnevite ) ( NNS holdovers ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJR more ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB fear ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Gorbachev ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ verbal ) ( NN spanking ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD gave ) ( PP-DTV ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN press ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Brezhnevite holdovers have more to fear from Mr. Gorbachev than the verbal spanking he gave to the press


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN At ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN end ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ very ) ( NN week ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-3 ( IN in ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Korotich ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN called ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Central ) ( NNP Committee ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-4 ( NNP Ogonyok ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB again ) ) ( VP ( VBG demonstrating ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN independence ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG printing ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN poll ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD showed ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( CD 35 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Soviet ) ( NN population ) ) ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN plurality ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD believed ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Gorbachev ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ economic ) ( NNS reforms ) ) ( NP ( FW perestroika ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB result ) ( PP-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ only ) ( JJ insignificant ) ( NN change ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

At the end of the very week in which Mr. Korotich was called to the Central Committee Ogonyok was again demonstrating its independence by printing a poll that showed that 35 % of the Soviet population a plurality believed that Mr. Gorbachev 's economic reforms perestroika would result in only insignificant change


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT A ) ( JJ good ) ( NN measurement ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN popularity ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ ice-breaker ) ( NNS journals ) ) ( PP ( IN like ) ( NP ( NNP Ogonyok ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NN circulation ) ) ) )

A good measurement of the popularity of ice-breaker journals like Ogonyok is circulation


( S ( S ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB When ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Korotich ) ) ( VP ( VBD took ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( PRT ( RP over ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1986 ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD sold ) ( NP ( CD 250,000 ) ( NNS copies ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-TMP ( NN today ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ sells ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 3.4 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) )

When Mr. Korotich took it over in 1986 it sold 250,000 copies today it sells 3.4 million


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Pravda ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB meanwhile ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN retained ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB only ) ( CD 57 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( CD 1986 ) ( NN readership ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Pravda meanwhile has retained only 57 % of its 1986 readership


( S ( NP-SBJ ( FW Glasnost ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN made ) ( NP ( NNS celebrities ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS men ) ) ( PP ( IN like ) ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Korotich ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Glasnost has made celebrities of men like Mr. Korotich


( S ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBN Prevented ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT the ) ( NNP Communist ) ( NNP Party ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG getting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN slate ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS nominees ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ new ) ( NNP Supreme ) ( NNP Soviet ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD stood ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ independent ) ( NN candidate ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP Congress ) ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( JJ native ) ( NNP Ukraine ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD won ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 84 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN vote ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Prevented by the Communist Party from getting on its slate of nominees for the new Supreme Soviet he stood as an independent candidate for Congress from his native Ukraine and won with 84 % of the vote


( S ( NP-TMP ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ same ) ( NN evening ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-4 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN summoned ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN warning ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Party ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN cheered ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNS thousands ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( NNS supporters ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN rally ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-5 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD can ) ( ADVP ( RB only ) ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN called ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( NNP Korotich ) ( NN party ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The same evening that he was summoned for a warning from the Party he was cheered by thousands of his supporters at a rally of what can only be called the Korotich party


( S ( CC But ) ( S-ADV ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( RB as ) ( JJ astounding ) ) ( SBAR ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS changes ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP have ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB already ) ) ( VP ( VBN occurred ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( NN fragility ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( FW glasnost ) ) ) ) )

But as astounding as the changes that have already occurred are there is a fragility to glasnost


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Censorship ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB n't ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( JJ Marxist ) ( NN invention ) ) ) )

Censorship is n't a Marxist invention


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS czars ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( NP-PRD ( RB no ) ( JJ civil ) ( NNS libertarians ) ) ) )

The czars were no civil libertarians


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( ADVP ( RB As ) ( RB late ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1890s ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJ Russian ) ( NN government ) ) ( VP ( VBD prevented ) ( NP ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN coverage ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS famines ) ) ) ) ) )

As late as the 1890s the Russian government prevented any coverage of famines


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( ADVP ( RB even ) ) ( VP ( VBD directed ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS newspapers ) ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB publish ) ( NP ( NP ( NN anything ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB stain ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN honor ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Turkish ) ( NN sultan ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS wives ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It even directed newspapers not to publish anything that might stain the honor of the Turkish sultan 's wives


( S ( IN So ) ( NP-SBJ ( FW glasnost ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB not ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN value ) ) ( VP ( VBN woven ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NN steel ) ( NNS threads ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN fabric ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ Russian ) ( NN society ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

So glasnost is not a value woven with steel threads into the fabric of Russian society


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ admirable ) ( JJ public ) ( NNS relations ) ( NN program ) ) ( VP ( VBN initiated ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT a ) ( JJ single ) ( JJ political ) ( NN leader ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN during ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ four-year ) ( NN blink ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN history ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It is an admirable public relations program initiated by a single political leader during a four-year blink of history


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( JJ public ) ( NNS relations ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS highest ) ( NN sophistication ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ recognizes ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NN credibility ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN enhanced ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NN honesty ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN up ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN point ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It is public relations of the highest sophistication that recognizes that credibility is enhanced by honesty up to a point


( SBARQ ( WHNP-1 ( WP What ) ) ( SINV ( VBZ is ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ( NN point ) ) ) )

What is that point


( SQ ( MD Will ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Ogonyok ) ) ( VP ( VB begin ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN series ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS reports ) ) ( VP ( VBG analyzing ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS failures ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( FW perestroika ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Will Ogonyok begin a series of reports analyzing the failures of perestroika


( SINV ( S-TPC-3 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( MD 'd ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBG destroying ) ( NP ( PRP myself ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ replies ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Korotich ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB then ) ) ( VP ( VBZ asks ) ( SBARQ ( WHNP-2 ( WP What ) ) ( SINV ( MD would ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ) ( VP ( VB accomplish ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

I 'd be destroying myself replies Mr. Korotich who then asks What would that accomplish


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ His ) ( NN answer ) ) ( VP ( VBZ reveals ) ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( NN vulnerability ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBZ draws ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN line ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( JJ Soviet ) ( NN society ) ) ( VP ( MD must ) ( VP ( VB cross ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB enter ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ normal ) ( NN dialogue ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ Western ) ( NN culture ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

His answer reveals his vulnerability it also draws the line that Soviet society must cross to enter the normal dialogue of Western culture


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN line ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-1 ( IN beyond ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN press ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB report ) ( PP-CLR ( CONJP ( RB not ) ( RB only ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN bankruptcy ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS factories ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS failures ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( RB even ) ( JJ admirable ) ( NNS leaders ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It is the line beyond which the press can report not only on the bankruptcy of factories but on the failures of even admirable leaders


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Ayers ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NN editor ) ( CC and ) ( NN publisher ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NAC-LOC ( NNP Anniston ) ( NNP Ala. ) ) ( NNP Star ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Ayers is editor and publisher of the Anniston Ala. Star


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP TransCanada ) ( NNPS PipeLines ) ( NNP Ltd. ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ plans ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB shift ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NNS headquarters ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Calgary ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NNP Alberta ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Toronto ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ next ) ( NN year ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB cut ) ( NP ( NNS costs ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJR closer ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ upstream ) ( NN natural-gas ) ( NN industry ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

TransCanada PipeLines Ltd. said it plans to shift its headquarters to Calgary Alberta from Toronto next year to cut costs and be closer to the upstream natural-gas industry


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Gerald ) ( NNP Maier ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NN president ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NN chief ) ( JJ executive ) ( NN officer ) ) ) ( PP-1 ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ natural-gas ) ( NN pipeline ) ( CC and ) ( NN marketing ) ( NN concern ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ future ) ( NN growth ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB increasingly ) ) ( VBN linked ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS decisions ) ) ( VP ( VBN made ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( JJ Calgary-based ) ( NN gas ) ( NNS producers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Gerald Maier president and chief executive officer of the natural-gas pipeline and marketing concern said the company 's future growth is increasingly linked to decisions made by Calgary-based gas producers


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( PP-TMP ( IN Since ) ( NP ( NP ( NN deregulation ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1985 ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS producers ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN become ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADVP-MNR ( RB much ) ( RBR more ) ( RB intensely ) ) ( VBN involved ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT both ) ( NN transportation ) ( CC and ) ( NN marketing ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Maier ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

Since deregulation of the market in 1985 producers have become much more intensely involved in both transportation and marketing Mr. Maier said


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN matter ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG being ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ close ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT those ) ( NNS suppliers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ many ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT those ) ( NNS companies ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB know ) ( NP ( PRP us ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( ADVP ( RB as ) ( RB well ) ) ( SBAR ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD should ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It 's a matter of being close to those suppliers many of those companies do n't know us as well as they should


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP TransCanada ) ) ( VP ( VBZ transports ) ( NP ( NP ( DT all ) ( NN gas ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ moves ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RB eastward ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Alberta ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

TransCanada transports all gas that moves eastward from Alberta


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ) ( VP ( VBZ includes ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( PDT all ) ( DT the ) ( NN gas ) ) ( VP ( VBN consumed ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Ontario ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Quebec ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN along ) ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN bulk ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ Canadian ) ( NN gas ) ( NNS exports ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

That includes all the gas consumed in Ontario and Quebec along with the bulk of Canadian gas exports to the


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Walter ) ( NNP Litvinchuk ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN vice ) ( NN president ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Pan-Alberta ) ( NNP Gas ) ( NNP Ltd. ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ Calgary-based ) ( NN gas ) ( NN marketing ) ( NN concern ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN industry ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB welcome ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN move ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Walter Litvinchuk vice president of Pan-Alberta Gas Ltd. a Calgary-based gas marketing concern said the industry will welcome the move


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG Having ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR more ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ token ) ( NN presence ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB here ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD should ) ( VP ( VB enhance ) ( NP ( NNS communications ) ( CC and ) ( NN business ) ( NNS relationships ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Litvinchuk ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

Having more than a token presence here should enhance communications and business relationships Mr. Litvinchuk said


( S ( SBAR-PRP ( IN Since ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN cost ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG transporting ) ( NP ( NN gas ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB so ) ( JJ important ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS producers ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN ability ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB sell ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ helps ) ( S-1 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( NN input ) ( CC and ) ( NN access ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN transportation ) ( NNS companies ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Since the cost of transporting gas is so important to producers ' ability to sell it it helps to have input and access to transportation companies


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN move ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB cost ) ( NP ( NNP TransCanada ) ) ( NP ( NP ( RB as ) ( RB much ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 50 ) ( CD million ) ) ( JJ Canadian ) ( NNS dollars ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( QP ( CD 42.5 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN relocation ) ( CC and ) ( NN severance ) ( NNS payments ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD should ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ complete ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN by ) ( NP ( JJ next ) ( NN summer ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Maier ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

The move which could cost TransCanada as much as 50 million Canadian dollars 42.5 million in relocation and severance payments should be complete by next summer Mr. Maier said


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ-1 ( QP ( DT All ) ( CD 700 ) ) ( JJ Toronto-based ) ( NNS employees ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN offered ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS positions ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Calgary ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

All 700 Toronto-based employees will be offered positions in Calgary the company said


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT The ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB save ) ( NP ( QP ( IN between ) ( CD 4 ) ( CD million ) ( CC and ) ( CD 6 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB annually ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN office ) ( NNS expenses ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( JJ administrative ) ( NNS costs ) ) ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG moving ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Calgary ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Maier ) ) ( VP ( VBD added ) ) )

The company will save between 4 million and 6 million annually in office expenses and other administrative costs by moving to Calgary Mr. Maier added


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NN Part ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PDT both ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS costs ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS savings ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN passed ) ( PRT ( RP on ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS shippers ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP TransCanada ) ( NN pipeline ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN through ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS tolls ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-3 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN based ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN value ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN pipeline ) ( NN system ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN cost ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG operating ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Part of both the costs and the savings could be passed on to shippers on the TransCanada pipeline through tolls which are based on the value of the pipeline system and the cost of operating it


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP TransCanada ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( NP-ADV ( CD 49.1 ) ( NN % ) ) ( VBN owned ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( JJ Montreal-based ) ( VBG holding ) ( NN company ) ( NNP BCE ) ( NNP Inc ) ) ) ) ) )

TransCanada is 49.1 % owned by Montreal-based holding company BCE Inc


( S-HLN ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Wives ) ) ( VP ( MD May ) ( RB Not ) ( VP ( VB Benefit ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB When ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Men ) ) ( VP ( VB Do ) ( NP ( NNS Chores ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Wives May Not Benefit When Men Do Chores


( S ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB WHEN ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS HUSBANDS ) ) ( VP ( VBP take ) ( PRT ( RP on ) ) ( NP ( JJR more ) ( NN housework ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP tend ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB substitute ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS chores ) ) ( VP ( VBN done ) ( PP ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT the ) ( NNS kids ) ) ) ( CONJP ( RB rather ) ( IN than ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT the ) ( NN wife ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

WHEN HUSBANDS take on more housework they tend to substitute for chores done by the kids rather than by the wife


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Rand ) ( NNP Corp. ) ( NNS researchers ) ( NNP Linda ) ( NNP Waite ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Frances ) ( NNP Goldscheider ) ) ( VP ( VBD analyzed ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ large ) ( NN sample ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ married ) ( NNS women ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( IN at ) ( JJS least ) ( CD one ) ) ( NN child ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NN home ) ) ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS ages ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD six ) ( CC and ) ( CD 18 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Rand Corp. researchers Linda Waite and Frances Goldscheider analyzed a large sample of married women with at least one child at home between the ages of six and 18


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS women ) ) ( VP ( VBD indicated ) ( NP ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ( NN family ) ( NN member ) ) ( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB usually ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( NP ( JJ various ) ( NN household ) ( NNS chores ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ approximate ) ( NN share ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT each ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The women indicated which family member usually did various household chores and the approximate share each did


( S ( ADVP ( RB Not ) ( RB unexpectedly ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS wives ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN whether ) ( S ( ADJP-PRD ( VBG working ) ( CC or ) ( JJ non-working ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( NP ( NP ( ADVP ( IN by ) ( RB far ) ) ( DT the ) ( JJS most ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( IN about ) ( CD 80 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN shopping ) ( NN laundry ) ( CC and ) ( NN cooking ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( IN about ) ( NNS two-thirds ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN housecleaning ) ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG washing ) ( NP ( NNS dishes ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NN child ) ( NN care ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN family ) ( NN paper ) ( NN work ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Not unexpectedly wives whether working or non-working did by far the most about 80 % of the shopping laundry and cooking and about two-thirds of housecleaning washing dishes child care and family paper work


( SINV ( PP ( ADVP ( RB Only ) ) ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NN yardwork ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN home ) ( NN maintenance ) ) ) ) ( VBD did ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS women ) ) ( VP ( VB do ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR less ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( NN half ) ) ) ) ) )

Only for yardwork and home maintenance did women do less than half


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS researchers ) ) ( VP ( VBD found ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN while ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS children ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN household ) ( NNS tasks ) ) ( VP ( VBD eased ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN mother ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN burden ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB appreciably ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN husband ) ( POS 's ) ) ( VBG helping ) ( NN hand ) ) ( VP ( VBZ appears ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB lighten ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS children ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN load ) ) ( PP-MNR ( ADVP ( RB almost ) ) ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ one-for-one ) ( NN basis ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB reduce ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN wife ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN responsibility ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB only ) ( RB modestly ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But the researchers found that while children 's household tasks eased the mother 's burden appreciably the husband 's helping hand appears to lighten the children 's load almost on a one-for-one basis and to reduce the wife 's responsibility only modestly


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT This ) ( NN pattern ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB particularly ) ( JJ evident ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN among ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( RB highly ) ( VBN educated ) ) ( NNS couples ) ) ) ) )

This pattern was particularly evident among more highly educated couples


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT these ) ( NNS families ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS husbands ) ) ( VP ( VBD took ) ( PRT ( RP on ) ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( NP-ADV ( CD 80 ) ( JJ % ) ) ( JJR more ) ) ( NNS chores ) ) ( SBAR ( IN than ) ( FRAG ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS couples ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ only ) ( NN grammar ) ( NN school ) ( NN education ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In these families husbands took on 80 % more chores than in couples with only grammar school education


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS kids ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB highly ) ( VBN educated ) ) ( NNS parents ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( NP-ADV ( CD 68 ) ( NN % ) ) ( JJR less ) ) ( NN housework ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( NP ( DT those ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ less-educated ) ( NNS families ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But the kids with highly educated parents did 68 % less housework than those in less-educated families


( S-3 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP It ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ clear ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Ms. ) ( NNP Waite ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-1 ( DT that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-4 ( NP ( JJS most ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN effect ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( VBG increasing ) ( NN education ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB shift ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-2 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG helping ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN wife\/mother ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It is clear Ms. Waite says that most of the effect of increasing education has been to shift who is helping the wife\/mother


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ Her ) ( NN share ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ decreases ) ) ( CC but ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR=1 ( RB only ) ( RB slightly ) ) ) ) )

Her share decreases but only slightly


( S-HLN ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Nursing ) ( NNP Home ) ( NNPS Patients ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ Apt ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB Be ) ( NP-PRD ( JJ Private ) ( NNS Payers ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Nursing Home Patients Apt to Be Private Payers


( S ( S-TPC-3 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( ADJP ( RB FAR ) ( JJR FEWER ) ) ( JJ elderly ) ( NN nursing ) ( NN home ) ( NNS residents ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP bankrupt ) ( NP ( PRP themselves ) ) ( SBAR-2 ( IN than ) ( S ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB previously ) ) ( VP ( VBN believed ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( CD two ) ( JJ recent ) ( NNS studies ) ) ( VP ( VBP declare ) ) )

FAR FEWER elderly nursing home residents bankrupt themselves than was previously believed two recent studies declare


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN State ) ( NNS governments ) ) ( VP ( VBP place ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB very ) ( JJ low ) ) ( NNS ceilings ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( SBAR-NOM ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB how ) ( JJ much ) ( NN property ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB own ) ) ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB how ) ( JJ much ) ( NN income ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB keep ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV-3 ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP want ) ( NP ( NP ( NN welfare ) ( NN help ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( JJ medical ) ( NNS bills ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

State governments place very low ceilings on how much property people may own or how much income they may keep if they want welfare help on medical bills


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Conventional ) ( NN wisdom ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB long ) ) ( VP ( VBN held ) ( SBAR ( RB that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( QP ( RB anywhere ) ( IN from ) ( NN one-fourth ) ( TO to ) ( NN one-half ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT all ) ( JJ elderly ) ( JJ long-term ) ( NN care ) ( NNS patients ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN obliged ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB spend ) ( NP ( PRP themselves ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NN poverty ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN before ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG qualifying ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP Medicaid ) ( NN assistance ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Conventional wisdom has long held that anywhere from one-fourth to one-half of all elderly long-term care patients are obliged to spend themselves into poverty before qualifying for Medicaid assistance


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ separate ) ( NNS reports ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Joshua ) ( NNP Weiner ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Denise ) ( NNP Spence ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Brookings ) ( NNP Institution ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Korbin ) ( NNP Liu ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Urban ) ( NNP Institute ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP find ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB surprisingly ) ( JJ small ) ) ( NN proportion ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( QP ( RB only ) ( IN about ) ( CD 10 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS residents ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP start ) ( ADVP-CLR ( IN out ) ) ( PP-CLR ( RB as ) ( NP ( JJ private ) ( NNS payers ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( VP ( VBP spend ) ( PRT ( RP down ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Medicaid ) ( NNS levels ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ single ) ( NN nursing ) ( NN home ) ( NN stay ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN before ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP die ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN discharged ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But separate reports from Joshua Weiner and Denise Spence of the Brookings Institution and Korbin Liu of the Urban Institute find that a surprisingly small proportion only about 10 % of residents start out as private payers but spend down to Medicaid levels in a single nursing home stay before they die or are discharged


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT Another ) ( NN one-third ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB already ) ) ( PP-PRD ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP Medicaid ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP enter ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN nursing ) ( NNS homes ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-1 ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB considerably ) ( JJR higher ) ) ( NN proportion ) ) ( SBAR ( IN than ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBN anticipated ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Another one-third are already on Medicaid when they enter the nursing homes a considerably higher proportion than the analysts anticipated


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB remarkably ) ( JJ high ) ) ( NN percentage ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( QP ( IN over ) ( DT half ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( JJ private ) ( NNS payers ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN throughout ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN stay ) ) ( RB even ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB fairly ) ( JJ lengthy ) ) ( CD one ) ) ) ) ) )

But a remarkably high percentage over half are private payers throughout their stay even a fairly lengthy one


( S ( NP-SBJ ( QP ( IN About ) ( NN one-third ) ) ) ( VP ( NN pay ) ( PP-CLR ( IN out ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ own ) ( NNS pockets ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN while ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN rest ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN covered ) ( ADVP-TMP ( IN throughout ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNP Medicare ) ) ( NP ( JJ private ) ( NNS insurers ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNPS Veterans ) ( NNP Administration ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

About one-third pay out of their own pockets while the rest are covered throughout by Medicare private insurers or the Veterans Administration


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT Both ) ( NNS reports ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN based ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( JJ several ) ( CD thousand ) ) ( NNS patients ) ) ( VP ( VBN sampled ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( CD 1985 ) ( JJ nationwide ) ( NN government ) ( NN survey ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Both reports are based on several thousand patients sampled in a 1985 nationwide government survey


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP Brookings ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Urban ) ( NNP Institute ) ( NNS authors ) ) ( VP ( VBP caution ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJS most ) ( NN nursing ) ( NN home ) ( NNS stays ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( PP-PRD ( IN of ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB comparatively ) ( JJ short ) ) ( NN duration ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG reaching ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Medicaid ) ( NN level ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RBR more ) ( JJ likely ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( ADJP ( RB unusually ) ( JJ long ) ) ( NN stay ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( VBN repeated ) ( NNS stays ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Brookings and Urban Institute authors caution however that most nursing home stays are of comparatively short duration and reaching the Medicaid level is more likely with an unusually long stay or repeated stays


( S-2 ( ADVP ( RB Moreover ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP note ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT those ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP manage ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ own ) ( NN way ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB often ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( ADVP-PRD ( RB so ) ) ( PP-MNR ( ADVP ( RB only ) ) ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VP ( VBG selling ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS homes ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG using ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( NN life ) ( NNS savings ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( VBG drawing ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB heavily ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS children ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS relatives ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Moreover they note those who manage to pay their own way often do so only by selling their homes using up life savings or drawing heavily on children and other relatives


( S-HLN ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Reagan ) ( NN Era ) ( NN Young ) ) ( VP ( VBP Hold ) ( NP ( JJ Liberal ) ( NNS Views ) ) ) )

Reagan Era Young Hold Liberal Views


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT THE ) ( NNP REAGAN ) ( NN generation ) ( JJ young ) ( NNS men ) ( CC and ) ( NNS women ) ) ( VP ( VBG reaching ) ( NP ( JJ political ) ( NN maturity ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN during ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Ronald ) ( NNP Reagan ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN presidency ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB firmly ) ( JJ liberal ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN race ) ( CC and ) ( NN gender ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP NORC ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ social ) ( NN science ) ( NN research ) ( NN center ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP University ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Chicago ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

THE REAGAN generation young men and women reaching political maturity during Ronald Reagan 's presidency are firmly liberal on race and gender according to NORC the social science research center at the University of Chicago


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Many ) ( JJ political ) ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN speculated ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Reagan ) ( NNS years ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB produce ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB staunchly ) ( JJ conservative ) ) ( JJR younger ) ( NN generation ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Many political analysts have speculated that the Reagan years would produce a staunchly conservative younger generation


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP NORC ) ( POS 's ) ) ( ADJP ( JJS most ) ( JJ recent ) ) ( NN opinion ) ( NNS surveys ) ) ( VP ( VBP find ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJS youngest ) ( NNS adults ) ) ( ADVP ( RB indeed ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( ADVP ( RB somewhat ) ( JJR more ) ) ( JJ pro-Reagan ) ( CC and ) ( JJ pro-Republican ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS adults ) ) ) ) ) ) )

NORC 's most recent opinion surveys find the youngest adults indeed somewhat more pro-Reagan and pro-Republican than other adults


( S-1 ( CC But ) ( SINV ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN chief ) ( NN investigator ) ( NNP Tom ) ( NNP Smith ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT this ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB translate ) ( PP-CLR ( PP ( IN into ) ( NP ( NP ( NN support ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN conservatism ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( ADJP ( JJ general ) ) ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( PP ( IN into ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ conservative ) ( NNS positions ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( UCP ( JJ feminist ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ civil ) ( NNS rights ) ) ) ( NNS issues ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But says chief investigator Tom Smith this does not translate into support for conservatism in general or into conservative positions on feminist and civil rights issues


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Answers ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN dozen ) ( NNS questions ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1986 ) ( CD 1987 ) ( CD 1988 ) ( CC and ) ( CD 1989 ) ( JJ national ) ( NNS surveys ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP reveal ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS men ) ( CC and ) ( NNS women ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( QP ( CD 18 ) ( TO to ) ( CD 24 ) ) ( NN age ) ( NN bracket ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( ADVP ( RB considerably ) ( RBR more ) ) ( JJ liberal ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN race ) ( CC and ) ( VB gender ) ) ) ( SBAR ( IN than ) ( SINV ( VP ( VBD were ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( QP ( CD 18 ) ( TO to ) ( CD 24 ) ) ( NN year ) ( NNS olds ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP NORC ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN polling ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NX ( NX ( JJ early ) ( CD 1970s ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( JJ early ) ( CD 1980s ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Answers to a dozen questions in the 1986 1987 1988 and 1989 national surveys reveal that men and women in the 18 to 24 age bracket are considerably more liberal on race and gender than were the 18 to 24 year olds in NORC 's polling in the early 1970s and early 1980s


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( ADJP ( RB as ) ( JJ liberal ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( ADJP ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ liberal ) ) ) ( PP-1 ( IN than ) ( NP ( NP ( DT any ) ( JJ other ) ( NN age ) ( NN group ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1986 ) ( IN through ) ( CD 1989 ) ( NNS surveys ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

They were also as liberal or more liberal than any other age group in the 1986 through 1989 surveys