( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VBD upgraded ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN firm ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP$ my ) ( JJ buy ) ( NN list ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( ADVP ( RB certainly ) ) ( VP ( VBP see ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS signs ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN improvement ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Lawrence ) ( NNP Eckenfelder ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN analyst ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Prudential-Bache ) ( NNP Securities ) ) ) ) ) )

I upgraded the firm to my buy list because I certainly see signs of improvement says Lawrence Eckenfelder an analyst at Prudential-Bache Securities


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN market ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB overly ) ( JJ harsh ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The market has been overly harsh to them


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS investors ) ) ( VP ( VBP remain ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ skittish ) ( PP ( IN toward ) ( NP ( NNP Salomon ) ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ volatile ) ( NNS earnings ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Analysts say investors remain skittish toward Salomon because of its volatile earnings


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ first ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Salomon ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ record ) ( NN loss ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 28 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NN revenue ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 1.54 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In the first quarter Salomon had a record loss of 28 million on revenue of 1.54 billion


( S ( CC But ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ second ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Salomon ) ) ( VP ( VBD posted ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ record ) ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 253 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( NN net ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NN revenue ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 2.33 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But in the second quarter Salomon posted a record 253 million net on revenue of 2.33 billion


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN airline ) ( NN industry ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS fortunes ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ dazzling ) ( NN shape ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( RBS most ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN taken ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ sudden ) ( NN turn ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJR worse ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ past ) ( JJ few ) ( NNS weeks ) ) ) ) ) )

The airline industry 's fortunes in dazzling shape for most of the year have taken a sudden turn for the worse in the past few weeks


( S ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG Citing ) ( NP ( NP ( VBG rising ) ( NN fuel ) ( NNS costs ) ) ( NP ( JJ promotional ) ( NN fare ) ( NNS cuts ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ general ) ( NN slowdown ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN travel ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( JJ several ) ( JJ major ) ( NNS carriers ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN posted ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB post ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-1 ( ADJP ( RB relatively ) ( JJ poor ) ) ( JJ third-quarter ) ( NNS results ) ) ) )

Citing rising fuel costs promotional fare cuts and a general slowdown in travel several major carriers have posted or are expected to post relatively poor third-quarter results


( S ( NP-TMP ( NN Yesterday ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP USAir ) ( NNP Group ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( RB recently ) ( CD one ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN industry ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ stellar ) ( NNS performers ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD posted ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ worse-than-expected ) ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 77.7 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( JJ net ) ( NN loss ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN period ) ) ) ) ) )

Yesterday USAir Group Inc. recently one of the industry 's stellar performers posted a worse-than-expected 77.7 million net loss for the period


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB So ) ( RB far ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN industry ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ fourth ) ( NN quarter ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBG looking ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB too ) ( JJ strong ) ) ( ADVP ( RB either ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG prompting ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ many ) ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB slash ) ( NP ( NP ( NN earning ) ( NNS projections ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN rest ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-EXT ( IN by ) ( NP ( NP ( RB as ) ( JJ much ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NN one-fourth ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

So far the industry 's fourth quarter is n't looking too strong either prompting many analysts to slash earning projections for the rest of the year by as much as one-fourth


( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN outlook ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD 1990 ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB nearly ) ( RB as ) ( JJ bad ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And they say the outlook for 1990 is nearly as bad


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Airlines ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1989 ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD came ) ( ADVP-DIR ( IN in ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN like ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN bang ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG going ) ( ADVP-DIR ( IN out ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN like ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN whimper ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Kevin ) ( NNP Murphy ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN airline ) ( NN analyst ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Morgan ) ( NNP Stanley ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Co ) ) ) ) ) )

Airlines in 1989 came in like a bang and are going out like a whimper said Kevin Murphy an airline analyst at Morgan Stanley & Co


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT This ) ( NN turn ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS events ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN put ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ big ) ( NN damper ) ) ( PP-PUT ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN industry ) ) ( NP ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD seemed ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB almost ) ( JJ invincible ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NP ( JJ last ) ( NN spring ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS fares ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBG rising ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( JJ double-digit ) ( NNS rates ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( JJ many ) ( NNS carriers ) ) ( VP ( VBD seemed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBG growing ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ fat ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS near-monopolies ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ certain ) ( NNS markets ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

This turn of events has put a big damper on an industry that seemed almost invincible last spring when fares were rising at double-digit rates and many carriers seemed to be growing fat on near-monopolies in certain markets


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Now ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ many ) ( NN airline ) ( NNS companies ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB become ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN lot ) ) ( RBR less ) ( JJ attractive ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( NN takeover ) ( NNS targets ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP Wall ) ( NNP Street ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Now many airline companies might become a lot less attractive as takeover targets on Wall Street


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN downturn ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBZ raises ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS questions ) ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS carriers ) ( POS ' ) ) ( JJ ambitious ) ( NNS orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NNS airplanes ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB currently ) ) ( VP ( VBP total ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 32.5 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN over ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ next ) ( CD three ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The downturn also raises questions about the carriers ' ambitious orders for new airplanes which currently total 32.5 billion over the next three years


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( NNS travelers ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB though ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN industry ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS problems ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( DT some ) ( JJ positive ) ( NNS effects ) ) ) ) )

For travelers though the industry 's problems have had some positive effects


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS weeks ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS airlines ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN cut ) ( NP ( JJ numerous ) ( NNS fares ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN leisure ) ( NNS markets ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB try ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB win ) ( PRT ( RP back ) ) ( NP ( NNS customers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In recent weeks airlines have cut numerous fares in leisure markets to try to win back customers


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS Others ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN tried ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB spruce ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( JJ frequent-flier ) ( NNS programs ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Others have tried to spruce up frequent-flier programs


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Previously ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS airlines ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBG limiting ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS programs ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBG becoming ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB too ) ( JJ expensive ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Previously airlines were limiting the programs because they were becoming too expensive


( S ( NP-TMP ( RB Just ) ( JJ last ) ( NN week ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN example ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Trans ) ( NNP World ) ( NNP Airlines ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Pan ) ( NNP Am ) ( NNP Corp. ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Pan ) ( NNP American ) ( NNP World ) ( NNP Airways ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD went ) ( ADVP ( ADVP ( RB so ) ( RB far ) ) ( SBAR ( IN as ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB offer ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NN cash ) ( NNS rebates ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NN gift ) ( NNS checks ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 200 ) ( TO to ) ( CD 1,000 ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ certain ) ( JJ frequent-flier ) ( NNS members ) ) ( VP ( VBG making ) ( NP ( JJ trans-Atlantic ) ( NNS flights ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN business ) ( NN class ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( JJ first ) ( NN class ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Just last week for example Trans World Airlines and Pan Am Corp. 's Pan American World Airways went so far as to offer cash rebates or gift checks of 200 to 1,000 to certain frequent-flier members making trans-Atlantic flights in business class or first class


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN industry ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN slowdown ) ) ( VP ( VBD became ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ apparent ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN month ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP AMR ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN parent ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP American ) ( NNP Airlines ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD reported ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( ADJP ( CD 8.8 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN drop ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ third-quarter ) ( JJ net ) ( NN income ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ fourth ) ( NN quarter ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ disappointing ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The industry 's slowdown became apparent this month when AMR Corp. parent of American Airlines reported an 8.8 % drop in third-quarter net income and said its fourth quarter would be disappointing


( S ( PP-TMP ( ADVP ( RB Shortly ) ) ( IN before ) ( NP ( DT that ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP USAir ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ third-quarter ) ( NNS results ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( RB significantly ) ( JJR lower ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( RBR earlier ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Shortly before that USAir had said its third-quarter results would be significantly lower than a year earlier


( S ( NP-TMP ( NN Yesterday ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD provided ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS details ) ) ) )

Yesterday it provided the details


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP$ Its ) ( NN loss ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 77.7 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 1.86 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN contrasted ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NN net ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 68.5 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 1.58 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1988 ) ( JJ third ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Its loss of 77.7 million or 1.86 a share contrasted with net of 68.5 million or 1.58 a share in the 1988 third quarter


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Revenue ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( QP ( RB only ) ( CD 3.3 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS latest ) ( NN period ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 1.53 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 1.48 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ) )

Revenue rose only 3.3 % in the latest period to 1.53 billion from 1.48 billion


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD nine ) ( NNS months ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NAC-LOC ( NNP Arlington ) ( NNP Va. ) ) ( NN company ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN net ) ) ( VP ( VBD plunged ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 73 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 38.5 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 76 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 142.2 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 3.28 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For the nine months the Arlington Va. company 's net plunged 73 % to 38.5 million or 76 cents a share from 142.2 million or 3.28 a share


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Revenue ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 12 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 4.75 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 4.22 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ) )

Revenue rose 12 % to 4.75 billion from 4.22 billion


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS results ) ) ( VP ( VBD surprised ) ( NP ( JJ many ) ( NNS analysts ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP USAir ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( RB almost ) ( DT no ) ( NN competition ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NNP Pittsburgh ) ( NN hub ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN expanded ) ( NP ( NNS operations ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG completing ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN acquisition ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Piedmont ) ( NNP Airlines ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The results surprised many analysts because USAir has almost no competition in its Pittsburgh hub and has expanded operations by completing its acquisition of Piedmont Airlines


( S ( PP-TMP ( ADVP ( RB Shortly ) ) ( IN after ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG announcing ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ quarterly ) ( NN loss ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP USAir ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN stock ) ) ( VP ( VBD tumbled ) ( NP-EXT ( NP ( CD 3 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) )

Shortly after announcing its quarterly loss USAir 's stock tumbled 3 a share


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBD ended ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 40.125 ) ) ( ADVP ( RB down ) ( NP ( CD 2.375 ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP Stock ) ( NNP Exchange ) ( JJ composite ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ) )

It ended at 40.125 down 2.375 in New York Stock Exchange composite trading


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NN Nobody ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBG expecting ) ( NP ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN size ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN loss ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Paul ) ( NNP Karos ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN analyst ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNP First ) ( NNP Boston ) ( NNP Corp ) ) ) ) ) )

Nobody was expecting this size of a loss said Paul Karos an analyst with First Boston Corp


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( CD One ) ( NN airline ) ( NN executive ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD declined ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN identified ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD called ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN loss ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ amazing ) ) ) ) )

One airline executive who declined to be identified called the loss amazing


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG announcing ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS results ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NNP USAir ) ) ( VP ( VBD cited ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ many ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ( NNS problems ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ several ) ( JJ other ) ( NN industry ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN named ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB recently ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In announcing the results USAir cited many of the same problems that several other industry officials have named recently


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN industry ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ domestic ) ( NN traffic ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ flat ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ third ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT this ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( SBAR-PRP-PRD ( RB because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ hefty ) ( NN fare ) ( NNS increases ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RBR earlier ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD scared ) ( PRT ( RP off ) ) ( NP ( JJ many ) ( NN leisure ) ( NNS travelers ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN summer ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It said the industry 's domestic traffic was flat in the third quarter analysts say this was because hefty fare increases earlier in the year scared off many leisure travelers this summer


( S ( S ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO To ) ( VP ( VB try ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB combat ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN traffic ) ( NN slowdown ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS airlines ) ) ( VP ( VBD started ) ( S ( VP ( VBG reducing ) ( NP ( NNS fares ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ average ) ( NNS fares ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( QP ( RB only ) ( CD 1.7 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP August ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN contrast ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS increases ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 16 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT each ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP February ) ( CC and ) ( NNP March ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

To try to combat the traffic slowdown airlines started reducing fares average fares rose only 1.7 % in August in contrast to increases of 16 % each in February and March


( S ( CC But ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB so ) ( RB far ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN effort ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN failed ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN traffic ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB still ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ slow ) ) ) ) )

But so far the effort has failed and traffic is still slow


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Some ) ( JJ other ) ( NN fare ) ( NNS promotions ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN backfired ) ) ) )

Some other fare promotions have backfired


( S ( NP-TMP ( DT This ) ( NN summer ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN industry ) ) ( VP ( VBD introduced ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( S-TTL ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS kids ) ) ( VP ( VBP fly ) ( S-ADV ( ADVP-PRD ( JJ free ) ) ) ) ) ( NN program ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-4 ( IN in ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NNS children ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN allowed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB fly ) ( S-ADV ( ADVP-PRD ( JJ free ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBG traveling ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN adult ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

This summer the industry introduced a kids fly free program in which children were allowed to fly free if they were traveling with an adult


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS Airlines ) ) ( VP ( VBD tried ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB restrict ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN program ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB substantially ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG limiting ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN offer ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ certain ) ( NNS days ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN week ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB still ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP ( RB apparently ) ) ( VP ( VBN used ) ( ADVP-MNR ( ADVP ( RB far ) ( RBR more ) ( RB heavily ) ) ( SBAR ( IN than ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS airlines ) ) ( VP ( VBD expected ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Airlines tried to restrict the program substantially by limiting the offer to certain days of the week but it still was apparently used far more heavily than the airlines expected


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Airlines ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ frequent-flier ) ( NNS programs ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG squeezing ) ( NP ( NNS profits ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS awards ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN redeemed ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ heavier-than-normal ) ( NN rate ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Airlines also say their frequent-flier programs are squeezing profits because awards are being redeemed at a heavier-than-normal rate


( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD One ) ( NN airline ) ( NN official ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD three ) ( NNS times ) ( IN as ) ( JJ many ) ) ( JJ free-travel ) ( NNS coupons ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN turned ) ( PRT ( RP in ) ) ( PP-1 ( IN as ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ previous ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB not ) ( RB surprisingly ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS airlines ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN year ) ) ( VP ( VBD allowed ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ many ) ( NNS travelers ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB build ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( NN mileage ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( RB triple ) ( DT the ) ( JJ normal ) ( NN rate ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

One airline official said about three times as many free-travel coupons are being turned in as in previous years not surprisingly as the airlines last year allowed many travelers to build up mileage at triple the normal rate


( S ( NP-SBJ ( VBG Rising ) ( NN operating ) ( NNS expenses ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( DT another ) ( NN problem ) ) ) )

Rising operating expenses are another problem


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Fuel ) ( NNS costs ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADVP-PRD ( RB up ) ( NP ( CD 10 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ third ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ) )

Fuel costs were up 10 % in the third quarter


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN Labor ) ( NNS costs ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD leveled ) ( PRT ( RP off ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ past ) ( JJ few ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR lower ) ( NN pay ) ( NNS scales ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJR newer ) ( NNS employees ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( PP-PRD ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN upswing ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB again ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( JJ many ) ( NNS carriers ) ) ) ) )

Labor costs which leveled off in the past few years because of lower pay scales for newer employees are on the upswing again at many carriers


( S ( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT some ) ( NNS carriers ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG facing ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( JJ unexpected ) ( NNS headaches ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP USAir ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN example ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD blamed ) ( NP ( NP ( DT some ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN loss ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN merger ) ( NNS expenses ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS disruptions ) ) ( VP ( VBN caused ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Hurricane ) ( NNP Hugo ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN month ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And some carriers are facing other unexpected headaches USAir for example blamed some of its loss on merger expenses and on disruptions caused by Hurricane Hugo last month


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB quantify ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ total ) ( JJ adverse ) ( NNS effects ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Hugo ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Edwin ) ( NNP Colodny ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN chairman ) ( CC and ) ( NN president ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP USAir ) ( NNP Group ) ) ) ) ) )

We can not quantify the total adverse effects of Hugo said Edwin Colodny chairman and president of USAir Group


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( WHNP-1 ( WDT Whatever ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN cause ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN downturn ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ few ) ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG predicting ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( JJ sudden ) ( NN improvement ) ) ) ) )

Whatever the cause for the downturn few people are predicting any sudden improvement


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Airline ) ( NNP Economics ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN aviation ) ( NN consulting ) ( NN firm ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG projecting ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ industrywide ) ( NN operating ) ( NN profit ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 2.5 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD 1989 ) ) ) ( PP ( VBN compared ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR earlier ) ( NNS forecasts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 3 ) ( CD billion ) ( TO to ) ( CD 3.5 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Airline Economics Inc. an aviation consulting firm is projecting an industrywide operating profit of 2.5 billion for 1989 compared with earlier forecasts of 3 billion to 3.5 billion


( S ( PP ( IN As ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD 1990 ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN firm ) ) ( VP ( VBZ predicts ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ( NN profit ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB slip ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( IN between ) ( CD 1 ) ( CD billion ) ( CC and ) ( CD 1.5 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

As for 1990 the firm predicts that profit will slip to between 1 billion and 1.5 billion


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP HomeFed ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ third-quarter ) ( JJ net ) ( NN income ) ) ( VP ( VBD slid ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 14 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 23.9 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 1.10 ) ) ( PP ( IN per ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB fully ) ( VBN diluted ) ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 27.9 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 1.21 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB fully ) ( VBN diluted ) ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ increased ) ( JJ bad ) ( NNS assets ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ unexpected ) ( NN trouble ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG unloading ) ( NP ( JJ foreclosed ) ( NN property ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

HomeFed Corp. said third-quarter net income slid 14 % to 23.9 million or 1.10 per fully diluted share from 27.9 million or 1.21 a fully diluted share because of increased bad assets and unexpected trouble in unloading foreclosed property


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN decline ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD surprised ) ( NP ( NNS analysts ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD jolted ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP HomeFed ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN stock ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD lost ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 8.6 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN value ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG closing ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 38.50 ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP Stock ) ( NNP Exchange ) ) ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB down ) ( NP ( CD 3.625 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The decline surprised analysts and jolted HomeFed 's stock which lost 8.6 % of its value closing at 38.50 on the New York Stock Exchange down 3.625


( S ( NP-SBJ ( VBN HomeFed ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( CD one ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN handful ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ large ) ( NNP West ) ( NNP Coast ) ( NNS thrifts ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS quarters ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN counteracted ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ interest-rate ) ( NNS problems ) ) ( VP ( VBG dogging ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN industry ) ) ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VP ( VBG keeping ) ( NP-CLR ( DT a ) ( NN lid ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN problem ) ( NNS assets ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBG lending ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB heavily ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ furious ) ( NNP California ) ( NN housing ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

HomeFed had been one of the handful of large West Coast thrifts that in recent quarters had counteracted interest-rate problems dogging the industry by keeping a lid on problem assets and lending heavily into the furious California housing market


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBG projecting ) ( NP ( NP ( RB fully ) ( VBN diluted ) ( NNS earnings ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ third ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN range ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 1.30 ) ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Analysts had been projecting fully diluted earnings in the third quarter in the range of about 1.30 a share


( S ( ADVP ( RB However ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP HomeFed ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN loan ) ( NNS originations ) ( CC and ) ( NNS purchases ) ) ( VP ( VBD plunged ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 26 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 1.4 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 1.9 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( RBR earlier ) ) ) ) )

However HomeFed 's loan originations and purchases plunged 26 % in the quarter to 1.4 billion from 1.9 billion a year earlier


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Meanwhile ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ non-performing ) ( NNS assets ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 593 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 518.7 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) )

Meanwhile non-performing assets rose to 593 million from 518.7 million


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( QP ( DT Some ) ( CD 380 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ troubled ) ( NNS assets ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( JJ repossessed ) ( JJ real ) ( NN estate ) ) ( NP-ADV ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 55.6 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN surge ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( QP ( CD 244.2 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ repossesed ) ( NN property ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP HomeFed ) ) ( VP ( VBD held ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( RB ago ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Some 380 million of the troubled assets is repossessed real estate a 55.6 % surge from the 244.2 million of repossesed property HomeFed held a year ago


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP HomeFed ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 17.9 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS assets ) ) ) ) ) )

HomeFed has 17.9 billion of assets


( S ( NP-SBJ ( VBN HomeFed ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJS most ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBN troubled ) ( NNS assets ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NN apartment ) ( NNS complexes ) ) ( NP ( NN shopping ) ( NNS malls ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( JJ commercial ) ( JJ real ) ( NN estate ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

HomeFed said most of the troubled assets are apartment complexes shopping malls and other commercial real estate


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( RB about ) ( NN half ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP California ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN rest ) ) ( VP ( VBN scattered ) ( PP-LOC ( IN across ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN country ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It said about half are in California with the rest scattered across the country


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS sales ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( NNS properties ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( JJR slower ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBN anticipated ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ third ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ expects ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS sales ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB pick ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN rest ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It said sales of such properties were slower than anticipated in the third quarter but it expects sales to pick up in the rest of the year


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP HomeFed ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN slide ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN loan ) ( NNS originations ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( ADVP ( RBR more ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN matter ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN design ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN sign ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN cooling ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP California ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

HomeFed said the slide in loan originations was more a matter of design than a sign of cooling in the California market


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT Any ) ( JJ such ) ( NN downturn ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP California ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( JJ grim ) ( NN news ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP West ) ( NNP Coast ) ( NNS thrifts ) ) ( RB particularly ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( RBR less ) ( JJ healthy ) ) ( NNS ones ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN performed ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB poorly ) ) ( PP ( ADVP ( RB even ) ) ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ torrid ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Any such downturn in California would be grim news for West Coast thrifts particularly the less healthy ones which have performed poorly even with a torrid market


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP HomeFed ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( ADVP ( RB purposely ) ) ( VP ( VBD curbed ) ( NP ( NN loan ) ( NNS originations ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN uncertainty ) ) ( PP ( IN over ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ new ) ( NX ( NX ( NN capital ) ( NNS requirements ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( NNS regulations ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB emerge ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS negotiations ) ) ( PP ( IN over ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG implementing ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN government ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ massive ) ( NN thrift ) ( NN bailout ) ( NN bill ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But HomeFed said it purposely curbed loan originations in the quarter because of uncertainty over the new capital requirements and regulations that will emerge from negotiations over implementing the government 's massive thrift bailout bill


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ real-estate ) ( NNS operations ) ) ( VP ( VBD earned ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN record ) ( QP ( CD 21.7 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( JJR more ) ( IN than ) ( RB double ) ) ( JJ year-earlier ) ( JJ real ) ( NN estate ) ( NN profit ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 9 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It said its real-estate operations earned a record 21.7 million more than double year-earlier real estate profit of 9 million


( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP see ) ( NP ( NP ( DT no ) ( NNS signs ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ imminent ) ( NN swoon ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP California ) ( JJ real ) ( NN estate ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( ADVP ( RB even ) ) ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ last ) ( NN week ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN earthquake ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And analysts said they see no signs of an imminent swoon in California real estate even with last week 's earthquake


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN thrift ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS earnings ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN nicked ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 4 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( NN provision ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS losses ) ) ( VP ( VBN associated ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( ADJP ( RB previously ) ( VBN reported ) ) ( NN plan ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB liquidate ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN real-estate ) ( NN franchise ) ( NN network ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The thrift said earnings also were nicked in the quarter by a 4 million provision for losses associated with its previously reported plan to liquidate a real-estate franchise network


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD nine ) ( NNS months ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP HomeFed ) ) ( VP ( VBD earned ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 82.5 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 3.52 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB fully ) ( VBN diluted ) ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 4.3 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN increase ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ year-earlier ) ( JJ net ) ( NN income ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 79.1 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 3.43 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB fully ) ( VBN diluted ) ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For the nine months HomeFed earned 82.5 million or 3.52 a fully diluted share a 4.3 % increase from year-earlier net income of 79.1 million or 3.43 a fully diluted share


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP BUELL ) ( NNP INDUSTRIES ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( VP ( VBD halved ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ quarterly ) ( NN dividend ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( CD five ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ payable ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Nov. ) ( CD 17 ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( VB stock ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN record ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Nov. ) ( CD 3 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

BUELL INDUSTRIES Inc. halved its quarterly dividend to five cents a share payable Nov. 17 to stock of record Nov. 3


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN company ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ quarterly ) ( NN dividend ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( CD 10 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN since ) ( NP ( NNP April ) ( CD 30 ) ( CD 1988 ) ) ) ) ) )

The company 's quarterly dividend had been 10 cents a share since April 30 1988


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Buell ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB recently ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB incur ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ aftertax ) ( NN charge ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 3.6 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ fourth ) ( NN quarter ) ) ( VP ( VBG ending ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Tuesday ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN connection ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN sale ) ( CC and ) ( NN discontinuance ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ several ) ( NNS lines ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN plant ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Buell recently said it would incur an aftertax charge of about 3.6 million in its fourth quarter ending Tuesday in connection with the sale and discontinuance of several lines at a plant


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Waterbury ) ) ( NP ( NNP Conn. ) ) ) ( NN maker ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ industrial ) ( NNS fasteners ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN metal ) ( NNS stampings ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 2.3 ) ( CD million ) ) ( NNS shares ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ outstanding ) ) ) ) )

The Waterbury Conn. maker of industrial fasteners and metal stampings has 2.3 million shares outstanding


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Harris ) ( NNP Ravine ) ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ executive ) ( NN vice ) ( NN president ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN customer ) ( NN satisfaction ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN named ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( NP ( JJ executive ) ( NN vice ) ( NN president ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN finance ) ( CC and ) ( NN administration ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN maker ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS data ) ( NN storage ) ( NN equipment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Harris Ravine executive vice president of customer satisfaction was named executive vice president finance and administration of this maker of data storage equipment


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Ravine ) ) ( VP ( VBZ succeeds ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP William ) ( NNP R. ) ( NNP Mansfield ) ( NNP Jr. ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB remain ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN until ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN end ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB support ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN transition ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB complete ) ( NP ( JJ important ) ( NNS projects ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Ravine succeeds William R. Mansfield Jr. who will remain with the company until the end of the year to support the transition and to complete important projects


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP$ Your ) ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 2 ) ( NN editorial ) ) ( NP-TTL ( NN Reding ) ( NN Wrighting ) ( CC & ) ( NN Erithmatic ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ recent ) ( NN education ) ( NN summit ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( PP-PRD ( IN like ) ( NP ( NP ( JJS most ) ( NNS pieces ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN subject ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN education ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ little ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB say ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Your Oct. 2 editorial Reding Wrighting & Erithmatic on the recent education summit was like most pieces on the subject of education It had little to say


( S ( ADVP ( RB Oddly ) ) ( ADVP ( RB though ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( RB very ) ( JJ same ) ( NN page ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBD printed ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN comment ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ addresses ) ( NP ( NP ( CD one ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADVP ( RBS most ) ( JJ serious ) ) ( NNS shortcomings ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ American ) ( NN education ) ( NN system ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Oddly though on the very same page you printed a comment that addresses one of the most serious shortcomings of the American education system


( S ( ADVP ( RB Unfortunately ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN comment ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN buried ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT another ) ( NN article ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN so ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB stand ) ( PRT ( RP out ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN education ) ( NN context ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Unfortunately the comment was buried in another article so it could not stand out in an education context


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Manager ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Journal ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-3 ( NNP Atsushi ) ( NNP Kageyama ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG commenting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ many ) ( NNS differences ) ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( ADJP ( JJ American ) ( CC and ) ( JJ Japanese ) ) ( NN culture ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJ Japanese ) ( NNS children ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN raised ) ( PP-MNR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN way ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ many ) ( NNPS Americans ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB find ) ( S ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ severe ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In the Manager 's Journal Atsushi Kageyama in commenting on many differences between American and Japanese culture said Japanese children are raised in a way many Americans would find severe


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN After ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB wonderfully ) ( JJ frivolous ) ) ( JJ early ) ( NN childhood ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN exposed ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ rigid ) ( NN discipline ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( ADVP ( RB as ) ( RB soon ) ) ( SBAR ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP enter ) ( NP ( NN school ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

After a wonderfully frivolous early childhood they are exposed to rigid discipline as soon as they enter school


( S ( SBAR-NOM-SBJ ( WHNP-1 ( WP What ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( ADJP ( RB far ) ( RB too ) ) ( JJ many ) ( NNS people ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ concerned ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( NN education ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( CC either ) ( VP ( VB fail ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB understand ) ) ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( VB choose ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB ignore ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ American ) ( NNS children ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN whole ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN among ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ undisciplined ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN world ) ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG making ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN attempt ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS improvements ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN mode ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN education ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB potentially ) ( JJ unsuccessful ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

What far too many people concerned about education either fail to understand or choose to ignore is that American children on the whole are among the most undisciplined in the world making any attempt at improvements in the mode of education potentially unsuccessful


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN Unless ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS parents ) ( CC and ) ( NNS educators ) ) ( ADVP ( RB alike ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP start ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB develop ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR more ) ( NN discipline ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS children ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PDT all ) ( DT the ) ( JJ worthy ) ( NN concern ) ( NNS discussions ) ( CC and ) ( NNS actions ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB solve ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN problem ) ) ) ) )

Unless parents and educators alike start to develop more discipline in children all the worthy concern discussions and actions will not solve the problem


( NP ( NP ( NNP Allen ) ( NNP B. ) ( NNP Richards ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NP ( NNP Peterborough ) ) ( NP ( NNP N.H ) ) ) )

Allen B. Richards Peterborough N.H


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( JJ New ) ( NNS orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ durable ) ( NNS goods ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD fell ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB back ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB slightly ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG shooting ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RB up ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN month ) ) ( ADVP ( RB before ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG reflecting ) ( NP ( NP ( VBG weakening ) ( NN auto ) ( NN demand ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN spurt ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( CD 1990 ) ( NNS models ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Commerce ) ( NNP Department ) ) ( VP ( VBD reported ) ) )

New orders for durable goods fell back slightly in September after shooting up the month before reflecting weakening auto demand after a spurt of orders for new 1990 models the Commerce Department reported


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS Orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ military ) ( NN equipment ) ) ( NP ( NN household ) ( NNS appliances ) ) ( NP ( NN machinery ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS goods ) ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB last ) ( NP-TMP-CLR ( QP ( IN at ) ( JJS least ) ( CD three ) ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD dipped ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 0.1 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN month ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 126.68 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG leaping ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 3.9 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP August ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN department ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

Orders for military equipment household appliances machinery and other goods expected to last at least three years dipped 0.1 % last month to 126.68 billion after leaping 3.9 % in August the department said


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJS Most ) ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJR sharper ) ( NN decline ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ steep ) ( NN rise ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP August ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Most analysts had expected a sharper decline after the steep rise in August


( S ( ADVP ( RB Moreover ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ recent ) ( NN government ) ( NN report ) ) ( VP ( VBG showing ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ widespread ) ( NNS layoffs ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN manufacturing ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN contributed ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNS perceptions ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN manufacturing ) ( NN sector ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN economy ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN slowed ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN crawl ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Moreover a recent government report showing widespread layoffs in manufacturing had contributed to perceptions that the manufacturing sector of the economy had slowed to a crawl


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ many ) ( NNS economists ) ) ( VP ( VBD pointed ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 1.8 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NNP September ) ( NN rise ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS orders ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( IN outside ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ volatile ) ( NN transportation ) ( NN category ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But many economists pointed to a 1.8 % September rise in orders outside the volatile transportation category


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ) ( VP ( VBZ suggests ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN manufacturing ) ( NN sector ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VBG falling ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB apart ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Sally ) ( NNP Kleinman ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN economist ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Manufacturers ) ( NNP Hanover ) ( NNP Securities ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

That suggests the manufacturing sector is not falling apart said Sally Kleinman an economist at Manufacturers Hanover Securities Corp. in New York


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP She ) ) ( VP ( VBD added ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB not ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ robust ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( NNS means ) ) ) ) ) ) )

She added however It is not robust by any means


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN While ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN decline ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS cars ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ civilian ) ( NNS airplanes ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD pulled ) ( PRT ( RP down ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS orders ) ( NN total ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ enormous ) ( NN jump ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN heavy ) ( JJ military ) ( NN equipment ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD propped ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ) )

While a decline in orders for cars and civilian airplanes pulled down the orders total an enormous jump in orders for heavy military equipment propped it up


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN capital ) ( NN defense ) ( NNS goods ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD skyrocketed ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 56 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN government ) ( NN analyst ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( ADJP ( RB nearly ) ( DT all ) ) ( NNS areas ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD saw ) ( NP ( NNS increases ) ) ( PP-2 ( VBG including ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS airplanes ) ) ( NP ( NNS missiles ) ) ( NP ( NNS ships ) ) ( NP ( NNS tanks ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN communications ) ( NN equipment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Orders for capital defense goods skyrocketed 56 % and a government analyst said nearly all areas saw increases including airplanes missiles ships tanks and communications equipment


( S-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ military ) ( NNS goods ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB usually ) ) ( VP ( VBP catapult ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN government ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( NNP Pentagon ) ) ( VP ( NNS scrambles ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB spend ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN money ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN before ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJ new ) ( JJ fiscal ) ( NN year ) ) ( VP ( VBZ begins ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 1 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Orders for military goods usually catapult in September government officials say as the Pentagon scrambles to spend its money before the new fiscal year begins Oct. 1


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN While ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( PDT all ) ( DT the ) ( NNS numbers ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ durable ) ( NNS goods ) ( NN report ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN adjusted ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ seasonal ) ( NNS fluctuations ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NNP Commerce ) ( NNP Department ) ( NN analyst ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN adjustment ) ) ( ADVP ( RB probably ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB factor ) ( ADVP-CLR ( IN out ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT all ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ wide-ranging ) ( NN surge ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN defense ) ( NNS orders ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

While all the numbers in the durable goods report were adjusted for seasonal fluctuations a Commerce Department analyst said that the adjustment probably did n't factor out all of the wide-ranging surge in defense orders


( S ( PP ( IN Without ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN increase ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN defense ) ( NNS bookings ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP September ) ( NNS orders ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( VP ( VBN plummeted ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 3.9 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) )

Without the increase in defense bookings September orders would have plummeted 3.9 %


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS Analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RBS most ) ) ( JJ unsettled ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NN evidence ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN backlog ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS orders ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNS factories ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG slipping ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Analysts were most unsettled by evidence the backlog of orders at factories is slipping


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( JJ Unfilled ) ( NNS orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ durable ) ( NNS goods ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 0.4 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 476.14 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG declining ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ first ) ( NN time ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 2 ) ( CD 1\/2 ) ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP August ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Unfilled orders for durable goods rose 0.4 % in September to 476.14 billion after declining for the first time in 2 1\/2 years in August


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( NNP July ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ unfilled ) ( NNS orders ) ) ( VP ( VBD grew ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 1 ) ( NN % ) ) ) )

In July unfilled orders grew 1 %


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBD noted ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( PP ( VBG excluding ) ( NP ( NP ( NN transportation ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB where ) ) ( S ( SBAR-NOM-SBJ ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP believe ) ( S ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ temporary ) ( NN surge ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN auto ) ( NN demand ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD pushed ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS figures ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN order ) ( NNS backlogs ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN declined ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( CD three ) ( NNS months ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN row ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But analysts noted that excluding transportation where what they believe was a temporary surge in auto demand pushed up the figures order backlogs have declined for three months in a row


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ means ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( VP ( VBG eating ) ( PP-DIR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN bread ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ keeps ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP us ) ) ( VP ( VBG going ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It means we 're eating into the bread that keeps us going


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( DT a ) ( JJ little ) ( JJ disturbing ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Ms. ) ( NNP Kleinman ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

That is a little disturbing Ms. Kleinman said


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBZ means ) ( SBAR ( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ real ) ( NN drop-off ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS orders ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN production ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( ADVP ( RB likely ) ) ( VP ( VB fall ) ( PRT ( RP off ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB very ) ( RB quickly ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( JJR less ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB keep ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS things ) ) ( VP ( VBG going ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It also means if you have a real drop-off in orders production will likely fall off very quickly because there is less to keep things going


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NN Capital ) ( NNS goods ) ( NNS orders ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB outside ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN defense ) ( NN sector ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD tumbled ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ second ) ( NN month ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN row ) ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG posting ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 5.6 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN drop ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 10.3 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN decline ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Capital goods orders outside of the defense sector tumbled for the second month in a row posting a 5.6 % drop after a 10.3 % decline


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ Such ) ( JJ steep ) ( NNS drops ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN category ) ) ( VP ( VBN seen ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN barometer ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN business ) ( NN investment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB customarily ) ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( JJ grave ) ( NN news ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN economy ) ) ) ) ) )

Such steep drops in a category seen as a barometer of business investment would customarily be grave news for the economy


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NNP Commerce ) ( NNP Department ) ( NN analyst ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT both ) ( NNS months ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS orders ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( VP ( VBN risen ) ( SBAR-ADV ( SINV ( VBD had ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( PP-PRD ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN drop ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ civilian ) ( NN aircraft ) ( NNS bookings ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN category ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG showing ) ( NP ( NNS declines ) ) ( PP-TMP ( ADVP ( RB only ) ) ( IN after ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ huge ) ( NN surge ) ) ( NP-TMP ( RBR earlier ) ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But a Commerce Department analyst said that in both months orders would have risen had it not been for a drop in civilian aircraft bookings a category that is showing declines only after a huge surge earlier this year


( S ( ADVP ( RB Still ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Milton ) ( NNP Hudson ) ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ senior ) ( JJ economic ) ( NN adviser ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Morgan ) ( NNP Guaranty ) ( NNP Trust ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN If ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP look ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RB back ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN half-year ) ( QP ( CC or ) ( RB so ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN evidence ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB pretty ) ( JJ good ) ) ( PP-2 ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ affirmative ) ( NN strength ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS capital-goods ) ( NN sector ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Still Milton Hudson senior economic adviser at Morgan Guaranty Trust Co. in New York said If you look back a half-year or so the evidence was pretty good of affirmative strength in the capital-goods sector


( S ( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Now ) ) ( ADVP ( IN at ) ( JJS least ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NN question ) ( NNS marks ) ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( DT that ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( PP ( IN without ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN question ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN pace ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN growth ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN slowed ) ) ) ) )

Now at least there are question marks about that and without any question the pace of growth has slowed


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Homestake ) ( NNP Mining ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NNP San ) ( NNP Francisco ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD blamed ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ continued ) ( NN slump ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ gold ) ( NNS prices ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( ADJP ( CD 83 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN plunge ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ third-quarter ) ( JJ net ) ( NN income ) ) ) ( PP ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 2 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD two ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 11.2 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 12 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( RBR earlier ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Homestake Mining Co. San Francisco blamed the continued slump in gold prices for an 83 % plunge in third-quarter net income to 2 million or two cents a share from 11.2 million or 12 cents a share a year earlier


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Revenue ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 110.4 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 105.4 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) )

Revenue rose 5 % to 110.4 million from 105.4 million


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP Stock ) ( NNP Exchange ) ( JJ composite ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Homestake ) ) ( VP ( VBD closed ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 15.25 ) ) ( ADVP ( RB down ) ( NP ( CD 25 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In New York Stock Exchange composite trading Homestake closed at 15.25 down 25 cents


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT A ) ( JJ significant ) ( NN increase ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ gold ) ( NNS sales ) ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 248,279 ) ( NNS ounces ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 188,726 ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ third ) ( NN quarter ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 1988 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RBR more ) ( IN than ) ) ( VBN offset ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ continued ) ( NN decline ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ average ) ( JJ gold ) ( NN price ) ( NN realization ) ) ) ( PP ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 367 ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 429 ) ) ) ) ( PP-3 ( IN per ) ( NP ( NN ounce ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

A significant increase in gold sales to 248,279 ounces for the quarter from 188,726 in the third quarter of 1988 was more than offset by the continued decline in average gold price realization to 367 from 429 per ounce the company said


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD nine ) ( NNS months ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN mining ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD posted ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 40 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN drop ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN profit ) ) ) ( PP ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 30.1 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 31 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 50.6 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 52 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 6 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN rise ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN revenue ) ) ) ( PP ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 323.2 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 305.7 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For the nine months the mining company posted a 40 % drop in profit to 30.1 million or 31 cents a share from 50.6 million or 52 cents a share on a 6 % rise in revenue to 323.2 million from 305.7 million


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Israel ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN launched ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ new ) ( NN effort ) ( S ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB prove ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NNP Palestine ) ( NNP Liberation ) ( NNP Organization ) ) ( VP ( VBZ continues ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB practice ) ( NP ( NN terrorism ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADVP ( RB thus ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB persuade ) ( NP-2 ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB break ) ( PRT ( RP off ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS talks ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN group ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Israel has launched a new effort to prove the Palestine Liberation Organization continues to practice terrorism and thus to persuade the U.S. to break off talks with the group


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBG buying ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Israeli ) ( NN argument ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

U.S. officials however said they are n't buying the Israeli argument


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Israeli ) ( NN counterterrorism ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBD provided ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP State ) ( NNP Department ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ 20-page ) ( NN list ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( JJ terrorist ) ( NNS incidents ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP attribute ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB directly ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS forces ) ) ( VP ( VBN controlled ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP PLO ) ( NNP Chairman ) ( NNP Yasser ) ( NNP Arafat ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Israeli counterterrorism officials provided the State Department with a 20-page list of recent terrorist incidents they attribute directly to forces controlled by PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Arafat ) ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB publicly ) ) ( VBD renounced ) ( NP ( NN terrorism ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Dec. ) ( CD 15 ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG satisfying ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN precondition ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ direct ) ( NN dialogue ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP PLO ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Arafat publicly renounced terrorism Dec. 15 satisfying the U.S. precondition for a direct dialogue with the PLO


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT A ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN counterterrorism ) ( NN official ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS experts ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG studying ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Israeli ) ( NN list ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A U.S. counterterrorism official said experts are studying the Israeli list


( S ( S-TPC-3 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( NP ( DT no ) ( JJ independent ) ( NN evidence ) ) ( VP ( VBG linking ) ( NP ( NNP Fatah ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT any ) ( NNS acts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN terrorism ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN since ) ( NP ( NNP Dec. ) ( CD 15 ) ( CD 1988 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG referring ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ specific ) ( NNP PLO ) ( NN group ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Arafat ) ) ( VP ( NNS heads ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

We have no independent evidence linking Fatah to any acts of terrorism since Dec. 15 1988 he said referring to the specific PLO group that Mr. Arafat heads


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB So ) ( RB far ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT this ) ( NN list ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB change ) ( NP ( PRP$ our ) ( NN view ) ) ) ) )

So far this list does n't change our view


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Israel ) ) ( VP ( VBZ wants ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB end ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN dialogue ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ our ) ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBP take ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ different ) ( NN view ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( PRP theirs ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Israel wants to end the dialogue but our analysts take a different view than theirs


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Israeli ) ( NNP Prime ) ( NNP Minister ) ( NNP Yitzhak ) ( NNP Shamir ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ top ) ( NN adviser ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN counterterrorism ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NNP Yigal ) ( NNP Carmon ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-LOC-PRD ( RB here ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Monday ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB present ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN report ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNS members ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Congress ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NNS reporters ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNS others ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir 's top adviser on counterterrorism Yigal Carmon was here Monday to present the report to members of Congress reporters and others


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Carmon ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBD presented ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN list ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN week ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP William ) ( NNP Brown ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNP Ambassador ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Israel ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Carmon said he also presented the list last week to William Brown U.S. Ambassador to Israel


( S ( ADVP ( NNP Separately ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP Times ) ) ( VP ( VBD reported ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJ Israeli ) ( NN government ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN provided ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN correspondent ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Jerusalem ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ different ) ( NNS documents ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Israel ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( VB prove ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP PLO ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBG conducting ) ( NP ( NN terrorism ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ occupied ) ( JJ Arab ) ( NNS territories ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Separately the New York Times reported that the Israeli government had provided its correspondent in Jerusalem with different documents that Israel said prove the PLO has been conducting terrorism from the occupied Arab territories


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP State ) ( NNP Department ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( RB n't ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB yet ) ) ( VP ( VBN seen ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS copies ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT those ) ( NNS papers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The State Department said it has n't yet seen copies of those papers


( S ( SQ-TPC-3 ( SBAR-ADV ( IN If ) ( S ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN dialogue ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN based ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN assumption ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Arafat ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP PLO ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB stop ) ( NP ( NN terrorism ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( NP ( NN evidence ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ continued ) ( NN terrorism ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( WHNP-2 ( WP what ) ) ( SQ ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( JJ logical ) ( NN conclusion ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Carmon ) ) ( VP ( VBD asked ) ) )

If the dialogue was based on the assumption that Arafat or the PLO would stop terrorism and we have evidence of continued terrorism what would be the logical conclusion Mr. Carmon asked


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Israel ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB long ) ) ( VP ( VBN claimed ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Arafat ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB never ) ) ( VP ( VBD meant ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB renounce ) ( NP ( NN terrorism ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( ADVP ( RB particularly ) ) ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP he ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( NNS lieutenants ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD reserved ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN right ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB press ) ( NP ( JJ armed ) ( NN struggle ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN against ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Jewish ) ( NN state ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Israel has long claimed Mr. Arafat never meant to renounce terrorism particularly because he and his lieutenants reserved the right to press armed struggle against the Jewish state


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Now ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Jerusalem ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG backing ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN contention ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ detailed ) ( NNS accounts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ alleged ) ( JJ terrorist ) ( NNS acts ) ( CC and ) ( NNS plans ) ) ( VP ( VBN linked ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Arafat ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Now Jerusalem says it is backing up its contention with detailed accounts of alleged terrorist acts and plans linked to Mr. Arafat


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( NP ( VBZ blames ) ) ( NP ( NP ( JJS most ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT these ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN Fatah ) ) ) ) )

It blames most of these on Fatah


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ new ) ( NNS accusations ) ) ( VP ( VBP come ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ delicate ) ( NN time ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS efforts ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB bring ) ( PRT ( RP about ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS talks ) ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Israel ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ Palestinian ) ( NNS representatives ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The new accusations come at a delicate time in U.S. efforts to bring about talks between Israel and Palestinian representatives


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP State ) ( NNP Department ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN received ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ new ) ( NN letter ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN subject ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Israeli ) ( NNP Foreign ) ( NNP Minister ) ( NNP Moshe ) ( NNP Arens ) ) ) ( VP-1 ( VBG restating ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Israel ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ previous ) ( NN objection ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG negotiating ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT any ) ( NNP Palestinian ) ) ( VP ( VBN tied ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP PLO ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The State Department said it had received a new letter on the subject from Israeli Foreign Minister Moshe Arens restating Israel 's previous objection to negotiating with any Palestinian tied to the PLO


( S ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG Deciding ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ constitutes ) ( NP ( NN terrorism ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( JJ legalistic ) ( NN exercise ) ) ) ) )

Deciding what constitutes terrorism can be a legalistic exercise


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( VP ( VBZ defines ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ premediated ) ( ADJP ( RB politically ) ( JJ motivated ) ) ( NN violence ) ) ( VP ( VBN perpetrated ) ( PP-CLR ( IN against ) ( NP ( JJ noncombatant ) ( NNS targets ) ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( JJ subnational ) ( NNS groups ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( JJ clandestine ) ( NN state ) ( NNS agents ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The U.S. defines it as premediated politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine state agents


( S ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO To ) ( VP ( VB meet ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS criteria ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Israel ) ) ( VP ( VBD contended ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( ADVP ( RB only ) ) ( VP ( VBD listed ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS incidents ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1968 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( VBD involved ) ( NP ( NNS civilians ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD occurred ) ( PP-LOC ( IN inside ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ pre-1967 ) ( NNS borders ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

To meet the U.S. criteria Israel contended it only listed incidents that involved civilians and occurred inside its pre-1967 borders


( SINV ( PP-LOC-PRD-TPC-2 ( IN At ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN heart ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Israel ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN report ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN list ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN dozen ) ( NNS incidents ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Jerusalem ) ) ( VP ( VBZ attributes ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Fatah ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG including ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN use ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS bombs ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Molotov ) ( NNS cocktails ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

At the heart of Israel 's report is a list of a dozen incidents Jerusalem attributes to Fatah including the use of bombs and Molotov cocktails


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VB say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( RB n't ) ( ADJP-PRD ( VBN satisfied ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT these ) ( NNS incidents ) ) ( VP ( VBP constitute ) ( NP ( NN terrorism ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NNS offshoots ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN intifadah ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Palestinian ) ( NN rebellion ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ occupied ) ( NNS territories ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB classify ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NN terrorism ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But U.S. officials say they are n't satisfied these incidents constitute terrorism because they may be offshoots of the intifadah the Palestinian rebellion in the occupied territories which the U.S. does n't classify as terrorism


( S ( PP ( IN In ) ( NP ( NN addition ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Israel ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN presented ) ( NP ( JJ convincing ) ( NN evidence ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT these ) ( NNS acts ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN ordered ) ( PP ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Fatah ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN group ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Arafat ) ) ( VP ( VBZ controls ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In addition the officials say Israel has n't presented convincing evidence these acts were ordered by Fatah or by any group Mr. Arafat controls


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN terrorism ) ( NNS experts ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB highly ) ( JJ uncertain ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN veracity ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ separate ) ( NNS documents ) ) ( VP ( VBN leaked ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP Times ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

U.S. terrorism experts also say they are highly uncertain about the veracity of the separate documents leaked to the New York Times


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNS papers ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-3 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Israel ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN discovered ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ Israeli-occupied ) ( NNP Gaza ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP refer ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ terrorist ) ( NNS acts ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN carried ) ( PRT ( JJ out ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN name ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN group ) ) ( VP ( VBN called ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( NNP Revolutionary ) ( NNPS Eagles ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The papers which Israel says were discovered in Israeli-occupied Gaza refer to terrorist acts to be carried out in the name of a group called the Revolutionary Eagles


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT Some ) ( NNS supporters ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Israel ) ) ) ) ( VP ( NNP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( VBP U.S. ) ( NN policy ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( JJ Palestinian ) ( NN terrorism ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN colored ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT an ) ( JJ intense ) ( NN desire ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB maintain ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN dialogue ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP PLO ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Some supporters of Israel say U.S. policy on Palestinian terrorism is colored by an intense desire to maintain the dialogue with the PLO


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP State ) ( NNP Department ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBP accuse ) ( NP-2 ( NNP Israel ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG leaking ) ( NP ( JJ questionable ) ( NNS claims ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB embarrass ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But State Department officials accuse Israel of leaking questionable claims to embarrass the U.S.


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP Voting ) ( NNP Rights ) ( NNP Act ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 1965 ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN enacted ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB keep ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN promise ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Fifteenth ) ( NNP Amendment ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB enable ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJ Southern ) ( NNS blacks ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB go ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS polls ) ) ) ( S ( VP ( JJ unhindered ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NN literacy ) ( NNS tests ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( JJ exclusionary ) ( NNS devices ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was enacted to keep the promise of the Fifteenth Amendment and enable Southern blacks to go to the polls unhindered by literacy tests and other exclusionary devices


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( CD Twenty-five ) ( NNS years ) ) ( RB later ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NNP Voting ) ( NNP Rights ) ( NNP Act ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN transformed ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS courts ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Justice ) ( NNP Department ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN program ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ racial ) ( NN gerrymandering ) ) ( VP ( VBN designed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB increase ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN number ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNS blacks ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS minorities ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( NP ( NNPS Hispanics ) ) ( NP ( NNPS Asians ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ native ) ( NNPS Americans ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG holding ) ( NP ( JJ elective ) ( NN office ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Twenty-five years later the Voting Rights Act has been transformed by the courts and the Justice Department into a program of racial gerrymandering designed to increase the number of blacks and other minorities Hispanics Asians and native Americans holding elective office


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1980s ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NX ( NX ( NNP Justice ) ( NNP Department ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( NP ( JJR lower ) ( JJ federal ) ( NNS courts ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP enforce ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Voting ) ( NNP Rights ) ( NNP Act ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN required ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN state ) ( NNS legislatures ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ municipal ) ( NNS governments ) ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB create ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ maximum ) ( NN number ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ safe ) ( NN minority ) ( NN election ) ( NNS districts ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS districts ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB where ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS minorities ) ) ( VP ( VBP form ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( IN between ) ( CD 65 ) ( NN % ) ( CC and ) ( CD 80 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBG voting ) ( NN population ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In the 1980s the Justice Department and lower federal courts that enforce the Voting Rights Act have required state legislatures and municipal governments to create the maximum number of safe minority election districts districts where minorities form between 65 % and 80 % of the voting population


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NN program ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( ADVP ( RB even ) ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN called ) ( PP-CLR ( RP upon ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB create ) ( NP ( JJ safe ) ( JJ white ) ( JJ electoral ) ( NNS districts ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS municipalities ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB where ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS whites ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( NN minority ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The program has even been called upon to create safe white electoral districts in municipalities where whites are the minority


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN Although ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Section ) ( CD 2 ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN act ) ) ) ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB expressly ) ) ( VBZ disclaims ) ( S ( VP ( VBG requiring ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS minorities ) ) ( VP ( VB win ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ proportional ) ( NN share ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ elective ) ( NNS offices ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ few ) ( UCP ( NN municipal ) ( CC and ) ( NN state ) ) ( NN government ) ( NNS plans ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP achieve ) ( NP ( NP ( NN preclearance ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Justice ) ( NNP Department ) ) ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( VBP survive ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN scrutiny ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJR lower ) ( JJ federal ) ( NNS courts ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN unless ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP carve ) ( PRT ( RP out ) ) ( NP ( NP ( RB as ) ( JJ many ) ( ADJP ( RB solidly ) ( NN minority ) ) ( NNS districts ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( FRAG ( JJ possible ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Although Section 2 of the act expressly disclaims requiring that minorities win a proportional share of elective offices few municipal and state government plans achieve preclearance by the Justice Department or survive the scrutiny of the lower federal courts unless they carve out as many solidly minority districts as possible


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ new ) ( NN goal ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Voting ) ( NNP Rights ) ( NNP Act ) ) ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( NP ( JJR more ) ( NNS minorities ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ political ) ( NN office ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ laudable ) ) ) )

The new goal of the Voting Rights Act more minorities in political office is laudable


( S ( SBAR-PRP ( IN For ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJ political ) ( NN process ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB work ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT all ) ( NNS citizens ) ) ( ADVP ( RB regardless ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN race ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD must ) ( VP ( VB feel ) ( ADJP-PRD ( VBN represented ) ) ) ) )

For the political process to work all citizens regardless of race must feel represented


( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD One ) ( JJ essential ) ( NN indicator ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS members ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN minority ) ( NNS groups ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP get ) ( VP ( VBN elected ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ public ) ( NN office ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ reasonable ) ( NN frequency ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

One essential indicator that they are is that members of minority groups get elected to public office with reasonable frequency


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN As ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ is ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS blacks ) ) ( VP ( VBP constitute ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( CD 12 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN population ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( JJR fewer ) ( IN than ) ( CD 2 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ elected ) ( NNS leaders ) ) ) ) ) ) )

As is blacks constitute 12 % of the population but fewer than 2 % of elected leaders


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ racial ) ( NN gerrymandering ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB not ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS best ) ( NN way ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB accomplish ) ( NP ( DT that ) ( JJ essential ) ( NN goal ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But racial gerrymandering is not the best way to accomplish that essential goal


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ quick ) ( NN fix ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ complex ) ( NN problem ) ) ) ) ) )

It is a quick fix for a complex problem


( S ( ADVP ( RB Far ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG promoting ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN commonality ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS interests ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN among ) ( NP ( ADJP ( JJ black ) ( JJ white ) ( JJ Hispanic ) ( CC and ) ( JJ other ) ) ( NN minority ) ( NNS voters ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG drawing ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN district ) ( NNS lines ) ) ( PP-MNR ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN race ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ suggests ) ( SBAR ( DT that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN race ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN voter ) ( POS 's ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN candidate ) ( VBZ 's ) ) ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ important ) ) ( NN trait ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Far from promoting a commonality of interests among black white Hispanic and other minority voters drawing the district lines according to race suggests that race is the voter 's and the candidate 's most important trait


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PDT Such ) ( DT a ) ( NN policy ) ) ( VP ( VBZ implies ) ( SBAR ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( RB only ) ( DT a ) ( JJ black ) ( NN politician ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB speak ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ black ) ( NN person ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( RB only ) ( DT a ) ( JJ white ) ( NN politician ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB govern ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NN behalf ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ white ) ( CD one ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Such a policy implies that only a black politician can speak for a black person and that only a white politician can govern on behalf of a white one


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS Examples ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ divisive ) ( NNS effects ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ racial ) ( NN gerrymandering ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN seen ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( CD two ) ( NNS cities ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Birmingham ) ) ( NP ( NNP Ala ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Examples of the divisive effects of racial gerrymandering can be seen in two cities New York and Birmingham Ala


( S ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB When ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP reapportion ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS districts ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1990 ) ( NN census ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT every ) ( JJ other ) ( NN municipality ) ( CC and ) ( NN state ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN country ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB face ) ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN issue ) ) ) ) )

When they reapportion their districts after the 1990 census every other municipality and state in the country will face this issue


( NP-HLN ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP City ) )

New York City


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Racial ) ( NN gerrymandering ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( JJ familiar ) ( NN policy ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP City ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN since ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 1970 ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NNP Congress ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB first ) ) ( VP ( VBD amended ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Voting ) ( NNP Rights ) ( NNP Act ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB expand ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN reach ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN beyond ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Southern ) ( NNS states ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Racial gerrymandering has been a familiar policy in New York City since 1970 when Congress first amended the Voting Rights Act to expand its reach beyond the Southern states


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( CD 1972 ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Justice ) ( NNP Department ) ) ( VP ( VBD required ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ electoral ) ( NN map ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN borough ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Brooklyn ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( JJ redrawn ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB concentrate ) ( NP ( ADJP ( JJ black ) ( CC and ) ( JJ Hispanic ) ) ( NNS votes ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN despite ) ( NP ( NNS protests ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJ new ) ( JJ electoral ) ( NNS boundaries ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB split ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN neighborhood ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ Hasidic ) ( NNPS Jews ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( NP ( CD two ) ( JJ different ) ( NNS districts ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In 1972 the Justice Department required that the electoral map in the borough of Brooklyn be redrawn to concentrate black and Hispanic votes despite protests that the new electoral boundaries would split a neighborhood of Hasidic Jews into two different districts


( S ( NP-TMP ( DT This ) ( NN year ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN commission ) ) ( VP ( VBN appointed ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT the ) ( NN mayor ) ) ) ( S-CLR ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB revise ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN system ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN government ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD completed ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ new ) ( NN charter ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG expanding ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP City ) ( NNP Council ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 51 ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( CD 35 ) ( NNS members ) ) ) ) ) ) )

This year a commission appointed by the mayor to revise New York 's system of government completed a new charter expanding the City Council to 51 from 35 members


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Sometime ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1991 ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( ADVP ( RB as ) ( RB soon ) ) ( SBAR ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( CD 1990 ) ( NN census ) ) ( VP ( VBZ becomes ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ available ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN redistricting ) ( NN panel ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB redraw ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP City ) ( NNP Council ) ( NN district ) ( NNS lines ) ) ) ) )

Sometime in 1991 as soon as the 1990 census becomes available a redistricting panel will redraw the City Council district lines


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP Charter ) ( NNP Revision ) ( NNP Commission ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN made ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ clear ) ) ( SBAR-1 ( IN that ) ( S ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN response ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS expectations ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Justice ) ( NNP Department ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN commission ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ own ) ( NN commitment ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG enhancing ) ( NP ( NN minority ) ( JJ political ) ( NN leadership ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( JJ new ) ( NN district ) ( NNS lines ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN drawn ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB maximize ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN number ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB solidly ) ( NN minority ) ) ( NNS districts ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Charter Revision Commission has made it clear that in response to the expectations of the Justice Department and the commission 's own commitment to enhancing minority political leadership the new district lines will be drawn to maximize the number of solidly minority districts


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNPS Blacks ) ( CC and ) ( NNPS Hispanics ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB currently ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP make ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 38 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN city ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN population ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP hold ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB only ) ( CD 25 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS seats ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN council ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Blacks and Hispanics currently make up 38 % of the city 's population and hold only 25 % of the seats on the council


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( JJ Several ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN city ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ black ) ( NNS leaders ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG including ) ( NP ( JJ Democratic ) ( JJ mayoral ) ( NN nominee ) ( NNP David ) ( NNP Dinkins ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN spoken ) ( PRT ( RP out ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ racial ) ( NN gerrymandering ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB accord ) ( NP ( NNS blacks ) ( CC and ) ( NNPS Hispanics ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS fullest ) ( NN opportunity ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN representation ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Several of the city 's black leaders including Democratic mayoral nominee David Dinkins have spoken out for racial gerrymandering to accord blacks and Hispanics the fullest opportunity for representation


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN connection ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ important ) ) ( S-3 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB note ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ several ) ( NNS members ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( POS 's ) ) ( VBG sitting ) ( NNP City ) ( NNP Council ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP represent ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJ heterogeneous ) ( NNS districts ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP bring ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB together ) ) ( NP ( JJ sizable ) ( ADJP ( JJ black ) ( JJ Hispanic ) ( CC and ) ( JJ non-Hispanic ) ( JJ white ) ) ( NNS populations ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Carolyn ) ( NNP Maloney ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ 8th ) ( NN district ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ northern ) ( NNP Manhattan ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ south ) ( NNP Bronx ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Susan ) ( NNP Alter ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ 25th ) ( NN district ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Brooklyn ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN example ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In this connection it is important to note that several members of New York 's sitting City Council represent heterogeneous districts that bring together sizable black Hispanic and non-Hispanic white populations Carolyn Maloney 's 8th district in northern Manhattan and the south Bronx and Susan Alter 's 25th district in Brooklyn for example


( S ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO To ) ( VP ( VB win ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS seats ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN council ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT these ) ( JJ political ) ( NNS leaders ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB listen ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( PDT all ) ( DT the ) ( NNS voices ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN district ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB devise ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ public ) ( NNS policies ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB benefit ) ( NP ( DT all ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

To win their seats on the council these political leaders have had to listen to all the voices in their district and devise public policies that would benefit all


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Often ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN found ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJ relevant ) ( NN issue ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB not ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NN race ) ) ( CC but ) ( ADVP ( RB rather ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN housing ) ) ( NP ( NN crime ) ( NN prevention ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NN education ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Often they have found that the relevant issue is not race but rather housing crime prevention or education


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NNP Birmingham ) ) ( NP ( NNP Ala. ) ) )

Birmingham Ala.