( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Tuitions ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( JJ private ) ( NNS colleges ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 154 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 10 ) ( NNS years ) ) ( VP ( VBN ended ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP June ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( RB twice ) ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( CD 77 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN increase ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN consumer ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ( NN period ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Tuitions at private colleges rose 154 % in the 10 years ended in June of this year that 's twice the 77 % increase in consumer prices for the same period


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT A ) ( NN year ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Harvard ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ( VP ( VBZ goes ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD 19,395 ) ) ) ) )

A year at Harvard now goes for 19,395


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN By ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 2007 ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS newborns ) ) ( VP ( VBP hit ) ( NP ( NN campus ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( JJ four-year ) ( NNP Ivy ) ( NNP League ) ( NN sheepskin ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB cost ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 300,000 ) ) ( PP ( VB give ) ( CC or ) ( VB take ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( DT a ) ( JJ few ) ) ( NNS pizzas-with-everything ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NN exam ) ( NN time ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

By 2007 when this year 's newborns hit campus a four-year Ivy League sheepskin will cost 300,000 give or take a few pizzas-with-everything at exam time


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Stanford ) ) ( NP ( NNP MIT ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS utmosts ) ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB cost ) ( NP ( RB no ) ( JJR less ) ) ) ) )

Stanford MIT and other utmosts will cost no less


( SBARQ ( RB So ) ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( SQ ( VBZ 's ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN parent ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB do ) ) ) ) )

So what 's a parent to do


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Some ) ( NN investment ) ( NNS advisers ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG suggesting ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN effect ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN bet ) ) ( PP ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ start-up ) ( NN investment ) ( NN pool ) ) ) ( RB maybe ) ( RB even ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN margin ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Some investment advisers are suggesting in effect a bet on a start-up investment pool maybe even on margin


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Others ) ) ( VP ( VBP prefer ) ( NP ( JJ deep-discount ) ( JJ zero-coupon ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ) )

Others prefer deep-discount zero-coupon bonds


( S ( NP-SBJ ( RB Still ) ( NNS others ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBARQ ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB Why ) ) ( SQ ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB take ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN chance ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ high-octane ) ( NN growth ) ( NN fund ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Still others say Why not take a chance on a high-octane growth fund


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP You ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VBG going ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN bank ) ( NN account ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP James ) ( NNP Riepe ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN director ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ mutual ) ( NNS funds ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP T. ) ( NNP Rowe ) ( NNP Price ) ) ) ) ) )

You 're not going to make it in a 5 % bank account says James Riepe director of mutual funds at T. Rowe Price


( S-2 ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO To ) ( VP ( VB get ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ necessary ) ( NN growth ) ) ) ) ) ( PRN ( SINV ( VP ( VBZ adds ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Murray ) ( NNP Ruffel ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN marketing ) ( NN official ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Financial ) ( NNP Programs ) ( JJ mutual-fund ) ( NN group ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP need ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB go ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN stock ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

To get the necessary growth adds Murray Ruffel a marketing official at the Financial Programs mutual-fund group you need to go to the stock market


( S ( PP ( IN In ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS words ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( JJ little ) ( NN volatility ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB never ) ) ( VP ( VBD hurt ) ) )

In other words a little volatility never hurt


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB never ) ) ( VP ( VBD hurt ) ( NP ( NN anyone ) ) ( PRN ( INTJ ( DT that ) ( VBZ is ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN unless ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN growth ) ( NNS funds ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB grow ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP need ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP them ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It never hurt anyone that is unless the growth funds do n't grow when you need them to


( S ( CC Or ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( JJ zero-coupon ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ( VP ( VBP turn ) ( PRT ( RP out ) ) ( S ( RB not ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN discounted ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB deeply ) ( RB enough ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( NN kid ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN tuition ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Or the zero-coupon bonds turn out not to have been discounted deeply enough to pay your kid 's tuition


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( NN dilemma ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NN today ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN parent ) ) ) ) )

That 's the dilemma for today 's parent


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN Although ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ many ) ( NNS experts ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG advising ) ( NP ( NN risk ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT no ) ( PRP one ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ good ) ( NN answer ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( PRP you ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN risk ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( PRT ( RP off ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Although many experts are advising risk no one has a good answer for you if the risk does n't pay off


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Help ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN way ) ) ) ) ) )

Help may be on the way


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ antitrust ) ( NN division ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Justice ) ( NNP Department ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG investigating ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( RB oddly ) ( JJ similar ) ) ( NN tuition ) ( NNS charges ) ( CC and ) ( NNS increases ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN among ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ top ) ( NNS schools ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The antitrust division of the Justice Department is investigating the oddly similar tuition charges and increases among the top schools


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN Fear ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN price ) ( NN police ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB help ) ( VP ( VB cool ) ( NP ( NNS things ) ) ( PRT ( RP off ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS 1990s ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Fear of the price police could help cool things off in the 1990s


( S ( CC And ) ( ADVP ( RB then ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB always ) ) ( NP-PRD ( NNP State ) ( NNP U ) ) ) )

And then there 's always State U


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNS parents ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN craving ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ top-rated ) ( NN education ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS children ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG growing ) ( PP-MNR ( IN like ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN taste ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ fancy ) ( NNS wheels ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN vintage ) ( NN wine ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But parents ' craving for a top-rated education for their children is growing like their taste for fancy wheels and vintage wine


( S ( S-ADV ( ADVP ( RB Belatedly ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ aware ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ public ) ( NN concern ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS lawmakers ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ financial ) ( NNS middlemen ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG working ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB overtime ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB create ) ( CC and ) ( VB sell ) ( NP ( NN college ) ( NNS savings ) ( CC and ) ( NN investment ) ( NNS schemes ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Belatedly aware of public concern lawmakers and financial middlemen are working overtime to create and sell college savings and investment schemes


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP$ Their ) ( NN message ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ explicit ) ( CC or ) ( JJ implicit ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( JJ good ) ( NN college ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB cost ) ( NP ( RB so ) ( JJ much ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN by ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB whenever ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP want ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-2 ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( VBN tried ) ( CC and ) ( JJ true ) ) ) ( VP ( MD wo ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB do ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB anymore ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Their message explicit or implicit is that a good college will cost so much by whenever you want it that the tried and true wo n't do anymore


( S ( VP ( VB Forget ) ( PP-CLR ( IN about ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Treasury ) ( NNS bills ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ money-market ) ( NN fund ) ) ) ) ) )

Forget about Treasury bills or a money-market fund


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJS latest ) ( NN wave ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN marketing ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ instructive ) ) ) )

The latest wave of marketing is instructive


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ Several ) ( NNS outfits ) ) ( PP ( VBG including ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Financial ) ( NNP Programs ) ) ( NP ( NNP Franklin ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP T. ) ( NNP Rowe ) ( NNP Price ) ( JJ mutual-fund ) ( NNS groups ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Edward ) ( NNP D. ) ( NNP Jones ) ( NN brokerage ) ( NN house ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG advertising ) ( NP ( NP ( NN college ) ( NN planner ) ( NNS tables ) ( CC and ) ( NNS charts ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP tell ) ( NP ( PRP you ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-3 ( WRB how ) ( JJ much ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP need ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB put ) ( ADVP-PUT ( RB aside ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB regularly ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Several outfits including the Financial Programs Franklin and T. Rowe Price mutual-fund groups and the Edward D. Jones brokerage house are advertising college planner tables and charts that tell you how much you need to put aside regularly


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS calculations ) ) ( ADVP ( RB generally ) ) ( VP ( VBP rely ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ after-tax ) ( NN rate ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN return ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( CD 8 ) ( NN % ) ) ( ADVP ( RB annually ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN rate ) ) ( ADJP ( RB historically ) ( JJ obtainable ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN individual ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB only ) ( CD one ) ) ( NN place ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN stock ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The calculations generally rely on an after-tax rate of return of 8 % annually a rate historically obtainable by the individual in only one place the stock market


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJS Most ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS mailers ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ free ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Denver-based ) ( NNP Financial ) ( NNP Programs ) ) ( VP ( VBZ sells ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD 15 ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN version ) ) ( VP ( VBN customized ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN age ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN child ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN college ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN choice ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Most of the mailers are free but Denver-based Financial Programs sells for 15 a version customized to the age of the child and the college of choice


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS figures ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ shocking ) ) ) )

The figures are shocking


( S ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO To ) ( VP ( VB build ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN nest ) ( NN egg ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP Stanford ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( JJ current ) ( NN first-grader ) ) ( VP ( VBZ reaches ) ( NP ( NN college ) ( NN age ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NNS parents ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB need ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB set ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB aside ) ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 773.94 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN month ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD 12 ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

To build a nest egg that would pay for Stanford when a current first-grader reaches college age parents would need to set aside 773.94 a month for 12 years


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB cut ) ( NP ( DT this ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 691.09 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN month ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN investing ) ) ( VP ( VBZ keeps ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN through ) ( NP ( NN college ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

They can cut this to 691.09 a month if the investing keeps up through college


( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RBR further ) ) ( VB reduce ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ monthly ) ( NN amount ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP start ) ( VP ( VBG saving ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RBR earlier ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN mother ) ( CC and ) ( NN child ) ) ( VP ( VBP come ) ( NP ( NN home ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN hospital ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And they can further reduce the monthly amount if they start saving earlier when mother and child come home from the hospital


( S ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG Plugging ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJR cheaper ) ( NN college ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS formulas ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB still ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB generate ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ installment ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJS most ) ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB live ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Plugging a cheaper college into the formulas still does n't generate an installment most people can live with


( S ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG Using ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ recent ) ( JJ average ) ( JJ private-school ) ( NN cost ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 12,500 ) ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP T. ) ( NNP Rowe ) ( NNP Price ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN planner ) ) ( VP ( VBZ prescribes ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 450 ) ) ( ADVP ( JJ monthly ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN plan ) ) ( VP ( VBZ begins ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN child ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( CD six ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Using a recent average private-school cost of about 12,500 a year T. Rowe Price 's planner prescribes 450 monthly if the plan begins when the child is six


( S ( SBAR-PRP ( IN Since ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN formula ) ) ( VP ( VBZ assumes ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( ADJP ( CD 8 ) ( NN % ) ) ( JJ before-tax ) ( NN return ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ mutual ) ( NN fund ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( CD 16,500 ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS taxes ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( PP-TMP ( IN over ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 12 ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Since the formula assumes an 8 % before-tax return in a mutual fund there would also be 16,500 in taxes to pay over the 12 years


( S ( NP-SBJ ( RB Not ) ( NN everyone ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB so ) ( JJ pessimistic ) ) ) )

Not everyone is so pessimistic


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NNS People ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADVP ( RB basically ) ) ( VP ( VBG peddling ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN lot ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN fear ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Arthur ) ( NNP Hauptman ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN consultant ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP American ) ( NNP Council ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP Education ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Washington ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

People are basically peddling a lot of fear says Arthur Hauptman a consultant to the American Council on Education in Washington


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBZ takes ) ( NP-CLR ( NN issue ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS projections ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( NP ( NN factor ) ( PRT ( RP in ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNS students ) ( POS ' ) ) ( JJ own ) ( NN contribution ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ reduces ) ( NP ( NP ( JJS most ) ( NNS parents ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN burden ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB substantially ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He takes issue with projections that do n't factor in students ' own contribution which reduces most parents ' burden substantially


( S-1 ( ADVP ( RB Still ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( NP-PRD ( DT no ) ( JJ bad ) ( NN thing ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT all ) ( DT the ) ( NN marketing ) ) ( VP ( VBZ prods ) ( NP-2 ( NNS people ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG putting ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB aside ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ little ) ( JJR more ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Still he says it 's no bad thing if all the marketing prods people into putting aside a little more


( S ( S-TPC-3 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN situation ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP want ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB avoid ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( S-NOM-PRD ( VP ( VBG having ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN somebody ) ) ( VP ( VP ( RB not ) ( VB save ) ( NP ( NN anything ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP hope ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-4 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD 'll ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ able ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB do ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( PP ( IN out ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ current ) ( NN income ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) )

The situation you want to avoid is having somebody not save anything and hope they 'll be able to do it out of current income he says


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ crazy ) ) ) )

That 's crazy


( NP ( NP ( PRP$ His ) ( NN advice ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP Do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB panic ) ) ) ) )

His advice Do n't panic


( S-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Parents ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD should ) ( VP ( VB aim ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-2 ( WDT whatever ) ( JJ regular ) ( NN investment ) ( NN sum ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB afford ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Parents he says should aim at whatever regular investment sum they can afford


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ ( QP ( DT Half ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN amount ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN investment ) ( NNS tables ) ) ( VP ( VBP suggest ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( JJ good ) ( NN goal ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ adds ) ) )

Half the amount that the investment tables suggest might be a good goal he adds


( S ( NP-MNR ( DT That ) ( NN way ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS parents ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB reduce ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS borrowings ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS outlays ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( JJ current ) ( NN income ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN time ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ comes ) ( SBAR-3 ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( NP ( NN tuition ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

That way parents will reduce borrowings and outlays from current income when the time comes to pay tuition


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Hauptman ) ) ( VP ( VBZ reckons ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJS best ) ( NN investment ) ( NN choice ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( JJ mutual ) ( NNS funds ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN managed ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( PP-TMP ( IN over ) ( NP ( NN time ) ) ) ( VBP have ) ( ADVP ( RB nearly ) ) ( VP ( VBN kept ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ broad ) ( NN stock ) ( NNS averages ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Hauptman reckons that the best investment choice is mutual funds because they are managed and over time have nearly kept up with the broad stock averages


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBZ favors ) ( NP ( RB either ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ all-stock ) ( NN fund ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( VBN balanced ) ( NN fund ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ mixes ) ( NP ( DT both ) ( NNS stocks ) ( CC and ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He favors either an all-stock fund or a balanced fund that mixes both stocks and bonds


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN anxiety ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS parents ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NN student ) ( NNS benefactors ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG flocking ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NNS schemes ) ) ) ) ) )

In their anxiety however parents and other student benefactors are flocking to new schemes


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN laid ) ( PRT ( RP out ) ) ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 1 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ so-called ) ( NN baccalaureate ) ( JJ zero-coupon ) ( JJ municipal ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ( VP ( ADVP-TMP ( RB so ) ( RB far ) ) ( VBN offered ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNP Connecticut ) ) ( NP ( NNP Illinois ) ) ( NP ( NNP Virginia ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( CD eight ) ( JJ other ) ( NNS states ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

They have laid out about 1 billion for so-called baccalaureate zero-coupon municipal bonds so far offered by Connecticut Illinois Virginia and eight other states


( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN bought ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB about ) ( CD 500 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ prepaid-tuition ) ( NNS plans ) ) ( VP ( VBN offered ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Michigan ) ( NNP Florida ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Wyoming ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And they have bought about 500 million in prepaid-tuition plans offered in Michigan Florida and Wyoming


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ prepaid ) ( NNS plans ) ) ( VP ( VBP take ) ( NP ( NP ( NN payment ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NN today ) ) ( PP ( ADVP-TMP ( RB usually ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( JJ current ) ( NNS tuitions ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ slight ) ( NN discount ) ) ) ) ( PP-2 ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN promise ) ( SBAR ( DT that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NN tuition ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN covered ) ( NP-TMP ( NN tomorrow ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The prepaid plans take payment today usually at current tuitions or at a slight discount for a promise that tuition will be covered tomorrow


( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN baccalaureate ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ tax-free ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBN offered ) ( PP-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ small ) ( NNS denominations ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( ADVP-TMP ( RB usually ) ) ( VBG containing ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN provision ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD wo ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN called ) ( PP-TMP ( IN before ) ( NP ( NN maturity ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP seem ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ tailor-made ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN college ) ( NNS savers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The baccalaureate bonds tax-free offered in small denominations and usually containing a provision that they wo n't be called before maturity seem to be tailor-made for college savers


( S ( PP ( IN Like ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS zeros ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP pay ) ( NP ( DT all ) ( PRP$ their ) ( NN interest ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NN maturity ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG meaning ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS buyers ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB time ) ( NP ( NNS things ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( RB so ) ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ( VP ( VBP pay ) ( PRT ( RP off ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( RB just ) ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Junior ) ) ( VP ( VBZ graduates ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( JJ high ) ( NN school ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Like other zeros they pay all their interest at maturity meaning that buyers can time things so that their bonds pay off just when Junior graduates from high school


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ Their ) ( NN compounding ) ( NN effect ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ alluring ) ) ) )

Their compounding effect is also alluring


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( NNP June ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Virginia ) ) ( VP ( VBD sold ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS bonds ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD 268.98 ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( NP ( CD 1,000 ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 2009 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In June Virginia sold bonds for 268.98 that will pay 1,000 in 2009


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Richard ) ( NNP Anderson ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN head ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Forum ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP College ) ( NNP Financing ) ( NNP Alternatives ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Columbia ) ( NNP University ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN research ) ( NN group ) ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB partly ) ) ( VBN financed ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT the ) ( JJ federal ) ( NN government ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS zeros ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB particularly ) ( JJ ill-suited ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But Richard Anderson head of the Forum for College Financing Alternatives at Columbia University a research group partly financed by the federal government says zeros are particularly ill-suited


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ Their ) ( NN price ) ) ( VP ( VBZ falls ) ( ADVP-CLR ( ADVP ( RBR further ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( NP ( DT that ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN inflation ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN interest ) ( NNS rates ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP kick ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Their price falls further than that of other bonds when inflation and interest rates kick up


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ) ( VP ( MD wo ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB matter ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN held ) ( PP-TMP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN maturity ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN reason ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( NNS parents ) ) ( VP ( VBP need ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB sell ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ( PP-TMP ( RB before ) ( NP ( RB then ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ severe ) ( NN loss ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN principal ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

That wo n't matter if they are held to maturity but if for any reason the parents need to sell them before then there could be a severe loss of principal


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( SBAR-ADV ( SBAR ( SINV ( VBD Had ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS zeros ) ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ available ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1972 ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( SBAR ( VBD had ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NNS parents ) ) ( VP ( VBN bought ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN face ) ( NN amount ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ equal ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( CD four ) ( NNS years ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN tuition ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN time ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG aiming ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS children ) ( POS 's ) ) ( CD 1988 ) ( NN enrollment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-3 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN left ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( RB only ) ( JJ enough ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD two ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Anderson ) ) ( VP ( VBZ figures ) ) )

Had zeros been available in 1972 and had parents bought a face amount equal to four years ' tuition at the time aiming for their children 's 1988 enrollment they would have been left with only enough to pay for two years Mr. Anderson figures


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJS Most ) ( JJ other ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( ADVP ( RB probably ) ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( VP ( VBN fared ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB much ) ( RBR better ) ) ) ) ) )

Most other bonds however would probably not have fared much better


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( VBN prepaid ) ( NNS plans ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( JJ good ) ( NN bet ) ) ( PP ( VBN provided ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN guarantee ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ future ) ( NN tuition ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ secure ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The prepaid plans may be a good bet provided the guarantee of future tuition is secure


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Issuing ) ( NNS states ) ) ( ADVP ( RB generally ) ) ( VP ( VBP limit ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS guarantees ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ in-state ) ( NNS institutions ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS buyers ) ) ( VP ( VBP get ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS refunds ) ) ( PP ( IN without ) ( NP ( JJ much ) ( NN interest ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS children ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB attend ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBN specified ) ( NNS schools ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Issuing states generally limit the guarantees to in-state institutions however and buyers get refunds without much interest if the children do n't attend the specified schools


( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD Two ) ( JJ private ) ( NNS groups ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG seeking ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Securities ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Exchange ) ( NNP Commission ) ( NN approval ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS plans ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADVP-PRD ( ADVP ( RBR more ) ( RB broadly ) ) ( JJ transferable ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Two private groups are seeking Securities and Exchange Commission approval for plans that could be more broadly transferable


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Anderson ) ) ( VP ( VBZ wants ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN prestige ) ( NNS colleges ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB sponsor ) ( NP ( PDT such ) ( DT a ) ( NN plan ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Anderson wants the prestige colleges to sponsor such a plan


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN issue ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB here ) ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN soundness ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN guarantee ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The issue here may be the soundness of the guarantee


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS Prepayments ) ) ( PP ( ADVP ( RB much ) ) ( IN like ) ( NP ( JJ mutual-fund ) ( NNS purchases ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN pooled ) ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN investment ) ) ) ) ) )

Prepayments much like mutual-fund purchases are pooled for investment


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Sponsors ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADVP ( RB naturally ) ) ( VP ( VBG counting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN ability ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB keep ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB ahead ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN tuition ) ( NN inflation ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NN investment ) ( NNS returns ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Sponsors are naturally counting on their ability to keep ahead of tuition inflation with investment returns


( S ( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS buyers ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADVP ( RB essentially ) ) ( VP ( VBG betting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ start-up ) ( NN investment ) ( NN fund ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN track ) ( NN record ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT some ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN encouraged ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB borrow ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB do ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB so ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But buyers are essentially betting on a start-up investment fund with no track record and some have been encouraged to borrow to do so


( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD One ) ( NN problem ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Internal ) ( NNP Revenue ) ( NNP Service ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN decided ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN investment ) ( NNS earnings ) ( CC and ) ( NNS gains ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS sponsors ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NNS funds ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ taxable ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

One problem is that the Internal Revenue Service has decided that the investment earnings and gains of the sponsors ' funds are taxable


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS colleges ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( JJ educational ) ( NNS institutions ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN hoped ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( NN case ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The colleges as educational institutions had hoped that would n't be the case


( S ( PP ( VBN Based ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ historical ) ( NNS rates ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN return ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Anderson ) ) ( VP ( VBZ reckons ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 100 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN stock ) ( NN portfolio ) ) ( VP ( VBN indexed ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( VP ( VBD kept ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NN tuition ) ( CC and ) ( NNS taxes ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ 20th ) ( NN century ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Based on historical rates of return Mr. Anderson reckons a 100 % stock portfolio indexed to the market would have kept up with tuition and taxes in the 20th century


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS sponsors ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB pick ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS stocks ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB match ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But sponsors might not pick the stocks that will match the market


( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( VP ( VBG leaning ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RBR more ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN toward ) ( NP ( NP ( VBN fixed ) ( NN income ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( NP ( WP$ whose ) ( NNS returns ) ) ( PP ( IN after ) ( NP ( NN tax ) ) ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN trailed ) ( NP ( NN tuition ) ( NNS increases ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And they 're leaning more toward fixed income whose returns after tax have trailed tuition increases


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VBP 'm ) ( RB not ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ sure ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( VP ( VBG going ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VB work ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Anderson ) ) )

I 'm not sure they 're going to make it work says Mr. Anderson


( SBARQ ( WHNP-1 ( WP What ) ) ( SQ ( VP ( VBZ happens ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS sponsors ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN cash ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS tuitions ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

What happens if the sponsors do n't have the cash to pay the tuitions


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Florida ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Wyoming ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN backed ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS guarantees ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ full ) ( NN faith ) ( CC and ) ( NN credit ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN state ) ( NNS governments ) ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG meaning ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS taxpayers ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB pick ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN slack ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Florida and Wyoming have backed up their guarantees with the full faith and credit of the state governments meaning that taxpayers will pick up any slack


( FRAG ( ADVP ( RB Not ) ( RB so ) ) ( NP ( NNP Michigan ) ) )

Not so Michigan


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP$ Its ) ( NN plan ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN set ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ independent ) ( NN agency ) ) ) ) ) )

Its plan is set up as an independent agency


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN state ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( NP-PRD ( DT no ) ( NN worry ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN investment ) ( NNS returns ) ) ( VP ( VBN combined ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS fees ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS gains ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( JJ unused ) ( NNS plans ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB provide ) ( NP ( NP ( DT all ) ( DT the ) ( NN cash ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ needs ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The state says there 's no worry investment returns combined with fees and the gains from unused plans will provide all the cash it needs


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Putka ) ) ( VP ( VBZ covers ) ( NP ( NN education ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP Wall ) ( NNP Street ) ( NNP Journal ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Boston ) ( NN bureau ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Putka covers education from The Wall Street Journal 's Boston bureau


( SINV ( SBAR-ADV ( IN If ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP start ) ( S ( VP ( VBG saving ) ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( NN child ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN eduction ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP Jan. ) ( CD 1 ) ( CD 1990 ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-LOC-PRD-TPC-2 ( RB here ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ monthly ) ( NN sum ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB need ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB invest ) ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( CD four ) ( NNS years ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Yale ) ) ( NP ( NNP Notre ) ( NNP Dame ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP University ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Minnesota ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

If you start saving for your child 's eduction on Jan. 1 1990 here 's the monthly sum you will need to invest to pay for four years at Yale Notre Dame and University of Minnesota


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Figures ) ) ( VP ( VBP assume ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 7 ) ( NN % ) ) ( JJ annual ) ( NN rise ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN tuition ) ) ( NP ( NNS fees ) ) ( NP ( NN room ) ( CC and ) ( NN board ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( ADJP ( CD 8 ) ( NN % ) ) ( JJ annual ) ( NN investment ) ( NN return ) ) ) ) )

Figures assume a 7 % annual rise in tuition fees room and board and an 8 % annual investment return


( S ( VP ( NN Note ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT These ) ( NNS figures ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP are ) ( PP-PRD ( ADVP ( JJ only ) ) ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ mandatory ) ( NNS charges ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB include ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS books ) ) ( NP ( NN transportation ) ) ( NN etc ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Note These figures are only for mandatory charges and do n't include books transportation etc


( X ( X ( NN \* ) ) ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( JJ in-state ) ( NNS students ) ) ) )

\* For in-state students


( NP ( NP ( NN Source ) ) ( NP ( NNP PaineWebber ) ( NNP Inc ) ) )

Source PaineWebber Inc


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Hoechst ) ( NNP AG ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB stop ) ( S ( VP ( VBG producing ) ( NP ( NN fertilizer ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1990 ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( VBN continued ) ( NNS losses ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ bleak ) ( NN outlook ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Hoechst AG said it will stop producing fertilizer in 1990 because of continued losses and a bleak outlook


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( ADJP ( JJ West ) ( JJ German ) ) ( NN chemical ) ( NN concern ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB close ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ last ) ( JJ remaining ) ( NN fertilizer ) ( NN plant ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Oberhausen ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN fall ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ next ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The West German chemical concern said it will close the last remaining fertilizer plant in Oberhausen in the fall of next year


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Hoechst ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN fertilizer ) ( NN market ) ) ( VP ( VBZ faces ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NN overcapacity ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Western ) ( NNP Europe ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ rising ) ( NNS imports ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( UCP ( NP ( JJ East ) ( NN bloc ) ( NNS countries ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB overseas ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( VBG declining ) ( NN demand ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Hoechst said the fertilizer market faces overcapacity in Western Europe rising imports from East bloc countries and overseas and declining demand


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Gary ) ( NNP J. ) ( NNP Schantz ) ) ( ADJP ( NP ( CD 44 ) ( NNS years ) ) ( JJ old ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN named ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NN president ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ chief ) ( VBG operating ) ( NN officer ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Gary J. Schantz 44 years old was named president and chief operating officer


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Polymerix ) ) ( VP ( VBZ makes ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ lumber-like ) ( NNS materials ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ describes ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( JJ plastic ) ( NN wood ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Polymerix makes lumber-like materials that it describes as plastic wood


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( VBG operating ) ( NN chief ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN post ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ new ) ) ) )

The operating chief 's post is new


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Martin ) ( NNP Schrager ) ) ( NP ( CD 51 ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( NP-PRD ( NN president ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN named ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( NN vice ) ( NN chairman ) ) ) ) ) )

Martin Schrager 51 who had been president was named vice chairman


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBZ remains ) ( NP-PRD ( JJ chief ) ( NN executive ) ( NN officer ) ) ) )

He remains chief executive officer


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Schantz ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NP ( NN vice ) ( NN president ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ chief ) ( VBG operating ) ( NN officer ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Acrylic ) ( NN division ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Polycast ) ( NNP Technology ) ( NNP Corp ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Schantz was vice president and chief operating officer of the Acrylic division of Polycast Technology Corp


( S ( ADVP ( RB Separately ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN board ) ) ( VP ( VBD expanded ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD six ) ( NNS members ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN election ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP David ) ( NNP L. ) ( NNP Holewinski ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN consultant ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Separately the board expanded to six members with the election of David L. Holewinski a consultant


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN company ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( ADVP ( RB privately ) ) ( VP ( VBD placed ) ( NP ( NN stock ) ( CC and ) ( NNS warrants ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN exchange ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD 750,000 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The company also said it privately placed stock and warrants in exchange for 750,000


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN list ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS laboratories ) ) ( VP ( VBG claiming ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBG producing ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ inexplicable ) ( NNS amounts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN heat ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( JJ cold ) ( NN fusion ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB slowly ) ) ( VP ( VBG growing ) ) ) )

The list of laboratories claiming to be producing inexplicable amounts of heat from cold fusion experiments is slowly growing


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ( VP ( VBP continue ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN plagued ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NN lack ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ firm ) ( NN evidence ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJ extra ) ( NN heat ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG coming ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN fusing ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN hydrogen ) ( NNS atoms ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But the experiments continue to be plagued by lack of firm evidence that the extra heat is coming from the fusing of hydrogen atoms


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( JJ New ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT some ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ big ) ( JJ national ) ( NNS laboratories ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB still ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unable ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB find ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS hints ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ nuclear ) ( NN fusion ) ( NNS reactions ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG leaving ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( RB only ) ( DT the ) ( NN finding ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN tritium ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Texas ) ( NN experiment ) ) ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB support ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NAC ( NNP University ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Utah ) ) ) ) ( NNS chemists ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN claim ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG achieving ) ( NP ( NN hydrogen ) ( NN fusion ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NN room ) ( NNS temperatures ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

New experiments at some of the big national laboratories are still unable to find hints of nuclear fusion reactions leaving only the finding of tritium in a Texas experiment to support University of Utah chemists ' claim of achieving hydrogen fusion at room temperatures


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJS latest ) ( NNS developments ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ cold ) ( NN fusion ) ( NN research ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN presented ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 24 ) ( NNS reports ) ) ( VP ( VBN delivered ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN fall ) ( NN meeting ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB here ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Electrochemical ) ( NNP Society ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( RB first ) ( JJ scientific ) ( NN meeting ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD five ) ( NNS months ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB hear ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ formal ) ( NNS reports ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( JJ cold ) ( NN fusion ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The latest developments in cold fusion research were presented in 24 reports delivered at the fall meeting here of the Electrochemical Society the first scientific meeting in five months to hear formal reports on cold fusion experiments


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN meeting ) ) ( VP ( VBD offered ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ stark ) ( NN evidence ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ dramatic ) ( NN fall ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ scientific ) ( NN interest ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ cold ) ( NN fusion ) ( NN research ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The meeting offered stark evidence of a dramatic fall in scientific interest in cold fusion research


( S ( PP-TPC-1 ( IN Of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1,300 ) ( NNS chemists ) ) ( VP ( VBN registered ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN society ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN weeklong ) ( NN meeting ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( QP ( RBR fewer ) ( IN than ) ( CD 200 ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD sat ) ( PP-CLR ( IN through ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN day ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN half ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ cold ) ( NN fusion ) ( NNS presentations ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NN week ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN end ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Of the 1,300 chemists registered for the society 's weeklong meeting fewer than 200 sat through the day and a half of cold fusion presentations at week 's end


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT This ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( PP-PRD ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN contrast ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN society ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN meeting ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NNP May ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN height ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN controversy ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( QP ( JJR more ) ( IN than ) ( CD 1,500 ) ) ( NNS scientists ) ) ( PP ( IN along ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS scores ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS reporters ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN TV ) ( NNS crews ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD crowded ) ( PP-DIR ( IN into ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Los ) ( NNP Angeles ) ( NN hotel ) ( NN ballroom ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ tumultuous ) ( JJ special ) ( NN night ) ( NN session ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN subject ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

This was in contrast with the society 's meeting last May at the height of the controversy when more than 1,500 scientists along with scores of reporters and TV crews crowded into a Los Angeles hotel ballroom for a tumultuous special night session on the subject


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( IN Neither ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD two ) ( NNS chemists ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP$ whose ) ( NNP Utah ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD triggered ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ cold ) ( NN fusion ) ( NN uproar ) ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Martin ) ( NNP Fleischmann ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP B. ) ( NNP Stanley ) ( NNP Pons ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN meeting ) ) ) ) )

Neither of the two chemists whose Utah experiments triggered the cold fusion uproar Martin Fleischmann and B. Stanley Pons were at the meeting


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT some ) ( NNS members ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( FW ad ) ( FW hoc ) ( NN expert ) ( NN committee ) ) ( VP ( VBD set ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Department ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Energy ) ) ) ) ) ( S-CLR ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB evaluate ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ cold ) ( NN fusion ) ( NN research ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN audience ) ) ) ) )

But some members of an ad hoc expert committee set up by the Department of Energy to evaluate the cold fusion research were in the audience


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NN committee ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB recommend ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN end ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN month ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( IN whether ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP DOE ) ) ( VP ( MD should ) ( VP ( VB support ) ( NP ( JJ cold ) ( NN fusion ) ( NN research ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The committee is to recommend at the end of the month whether DOE should support cold fusion research


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJS Most ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( QP ( CD two ) ( NN dozen ) ) ( NNS scientists ) ) ( VP ( VBG taking ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN podium ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD reported ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS results ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ new ) ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ sophisticated ) ) ( NNS variations ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( RB seemingly ) ( JJ simple ) ) ( JJ electrolysis-of-water ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ( VP ( VBN described ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NNP March ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Messrs. ) ( NNP Fleischmann ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Pons ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Most of the two dozen scientists taking the podium reported results with new more sophisticated variations of the seemingly simple electrolysis-of-water experiments described last March by Messrs. Fleischmann and Pons


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ( VP ( VBP involve ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( VBG encircling ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ thin ) ( NN rod ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN palladium ) ( NN metal ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN wire ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN platinum ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBG plunging ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD two ) ( NNS electrodes ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ heavy ) ( NN water ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-1 ( IN in ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN hydrogen ) ( NNS atoms ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB doubly ) ( JJ heavy ) ) ( NN form ) ) ( VP ( VBN known ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NN deuterium ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The experiments involve encircling a thin rod of palladium metal with a wire of platinum and plunging the two electrodes into heavy water in which the hydrogen atoms are a doubly heavy form known as deuterium


( S ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB When ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT an ) ( JJ electric ) ( NN current ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN applied ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN palladium ) ( CC and ) ( NN platinum ) ( NNS electrodes ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-3 ( DT the ) ( JJ heavy ) ( NN water ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( VP ( VB begin ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB break ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( VB dissociate ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

When an electric current is applied to the palladium and platinum electrodes the heavy water did begin to break up or dissociate


( S ( ADVP ( RB Ordinarily ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN electrolysis ) ( CC or ) ( NN breakup ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN water ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB consume ) ( NP ( NP ( RB almost ) ( DT all ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ electrical ) ( NN energy ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Ordinarily the electrolysis or breakup of the water would consume almost all of the electrical energy


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Messrs. ) ( NNP Fleischmann ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Pons ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBD produced ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ large ) ( NNS amounts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN heat ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But Messrs. Fleischmann and Pons said their experiments also produced large amounts of heat


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN heat ) ( NN energy ) ) ( IN plus ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN energy ) ) ( VP ( VBN consumed ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN breakup ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN water ) ( NNS molecules ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD added ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( RB far ) ( JJR more ) ) ( NN energy ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG coming ) ( ADVP-DIR ( IN out ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN apparatus ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-1 ( IN than ) ( S-NOM ( NP-SBJ ( JJ electrical ) ( NN energy ) ) ( VP ( VBG going ) ( ADVP-DIR ( IN in ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD reported ) ) )

The heat energy plus the energy consumed by the breakup of the water molecules added to far more energy coming out of the apparatus than electrical energy going in they reported


( S ( SBAR-PRP ( IN Because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBD detected ) ( NP ( NP ( NN tritium ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS indications ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ nuclear ) ( NN radiation ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD asserted ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJ excess ) ( NN heat ) ( NN energy ) ) ( VP ( MD must ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBG coming ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NN energy ) ) ( VP ( VBN released ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ nuclear ) ( NN fusion ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN deuterium ) ( NNS atoms ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN inside ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN palladium ) ( NN rod ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Because they also detected tritium and indications of nuclear radiation they asserted that the excess heat energy must be coming from energy released by the nuclear fusion of deuterium atoms inside the palladium rod


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN As ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ last ) ( NN weekend ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT a ) ( NN dozen ) ( NNS labs ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN reported ) ( S ( VP ( VBG measuring ) ( NP ( JJ excess ) ( NN heat ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( JJ similar ) ( JJ electrolytic ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN although ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS amounts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( NN heat ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP vary ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB widely ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

As of last weekend a dozen labs also have reported measuring excess heat from similar electrolytic experiments although amounts of such heat vary widely


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( CD One ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD seven ) ( NNS reports ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN presented ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB here ) ) ) ( PP-2 ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ excess ) ( NN heat ) ( NN production ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN given ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNP Richard ) ( NNP A. ) ( NNP Oriani ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN professor ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN chemical ) ( NN engineering ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP University ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Minnesota ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

One of the seven reports presented here of excess heat production was given by Richard A. Oriani professor of chemical engineering at the University of Minnesota


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Oriani ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( NN skepticism ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Utah ) ( NNS claims ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB initially ) ) ( VP ( VBN confirmed ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( JJ first ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN spring ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD failed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB produce ) ( NP ( NNS results ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Oriani said his skepticism of the Utah claims was initially confirmed when his first experiments last spring failed to produce results


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB then ) ) ( VP ( VBD borrowed ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN palladium ) ( NN rod ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS chemists ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Texas ) ( NNP A&M ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBG getting ) ( NP ( JJ excess ) ( NN heat ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But he then borrowed a palladium rod from chemists at Texas A&M who said they were getting excess heat


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS results ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ fascinating ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

The results were fascinating he said


( S ( PP ( IN On ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ fourth ) ( NN run ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBN borrowed ) ( NN rod ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN experiment ) ) ( VP ( VBD began ) ( S ( VP ( VBG producing ) ( NP ( JJ excess ) ( NN heat ) ) ) ) ) )

On the fourth run with the borrowed rod the experiment began producing excess heat


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NN experiment ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN stopped ) ( ADVP ( NN briefly ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB change ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN instrument ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The experiment was stopped briefly to change an instrument


( S ( S-TPC-4 ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB When ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN restarted ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-3 ( NN heat ) ( NN output ) ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB really ) ) ( VP ( VBD took ) ( PRT ( RP off ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD produced ) ( NP ( JJ excess ) ( NN heat ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ several ) ( NNS hours ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN before ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG dying ) ( PRT ( RP down ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

When it was restarted heat output really took off and produced excess heat for several hours before dying down he said


( S ( S-ADV ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ Typical ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Oriani ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ his ) ( NN experiment ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB very ) ( JJ erratic ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Typical of other experiments Mr. Oriani said his experiment was very erratic


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB go ) ( PRT ( RP along ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBG doing ) ( NP ( NP ( NN nothing ) ) ( PP ( CC but ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG dissociating ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN heavy ) ( NN water ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADVP ( RB then ) ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB totally ) ( JJ unpredictable ) ) ( NNS times ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB begin ) ( S ( VP ( VBG producing ) ( NP ( JJ excess ) ( NN heat ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( QP ( RB as ) ( JJ long ) ( IN as ) ( CD 10 ) ( CC or ) ( CD 11 ) ) ( NNS hours ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( RB before ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG quieting ) ( PRT ( RP down ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It would go along doing nothing but dissociating the heavy water and then at totally unpredictable times it would begin producing excess heat for as long as 10 or 11 hours before quieting down


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ excess ) ( NN heat ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( ADJP ( NP ( CD 15 ) ( NN % ) ( TO to ) ( CD 20 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( JJR more ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN energy ) ) ( VP ( VBN involved ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN electrolysis ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN water ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The excess heat was 15 % to 20 % more than the energy involved in the electrolysis of water


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Oriani ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN heat ) ( NNS bursts ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( ADJP ( RB too ) ( JJ large ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADJP ( RB too ) ( JJ long ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN explained ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ sudden ) ( NN release ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN energy ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB slowly ) ) ( VBN accumulated ) ( PP-TMP ( IN during ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS experiments ) ( POS ' ) ) ( JJ quiescent ) ( NNS times ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT some ) ( NNS scientists ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN suggested ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Oriani said the heat bursts were too large and too long to be explained by the sudden release of energy that might have slowly accumulated during the experiments ' quiescent times as some scientists have suggested


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( EX There ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN reality ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ excess ) ( NN energy ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

There is a reality to the excess energy he said


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Other ) ( NNS scientists ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBG getting ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ sporadic ) ( NNS bursts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ excess ) ( NN heat ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG lasting ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ several ) ( NNS hours ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN time ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Other scientists said they also were getting sporadic bursts of excess heat lasting several hours at a time


( S-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS bursts ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB often ) ) ( VP ( VBP occur ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( RB after ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD perturbed ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VP ( VBG raising ) ( CC or ) ( VBG lowering ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN amount ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ electric ) ( JJ current ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN applied ) ) ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( VBG switching ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN current ) ) ( PRT ( RP off ) ( CC and ) ( RP on ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The bursts often occur they said after they perturbed the experiments by raising or lowering the amount of electric current being applied or switching the current off and on


( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD One ) ( NN chemist ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB privately ) ) ( VP ( VBD suggested ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT this ) ) ( VP ( VBD hinted ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT some ) ( JJ anomalous ) ( JJ chemical ) ( NNS reactions ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBG producing ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN heat ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

One chemist privately suggested this hinted that some anomalous chemical reactions might be producing the heat


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( CD One ) ( NN reason ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS questions ) ) ( VP ( VBP surround ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN heat ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP involve ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB unusually ) ( JJ meticulous ) ) ( NNS measurements ) ) ) ) ) ) )

One reason questions surround the heat experiments is that they involve unusually meticulous measurements


( S ( ADVP ( RB Typically ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN input ) ( NN energy ) ) ( VP ( VBZ ranges ) ( PP-DIR ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ third ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN watt ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD one ) ( NN watt ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( JJ excess ) ( NN energy ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN measured ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS tenths ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN watt ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Typically the input energy ranges from a third of a watt to one watt and the excess energy is measured in tenths of a watt


( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD One ) ( NN exception ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( VBG continuing ) ( NN experiment ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Stanford ) ( NNP University ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB where ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( QP ( RB as ) ( JJ much ) ( IN as ) ( CD 10 ) ) ( NNS watts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN energy ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBD put ) ( PP-PUT ( IN into ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ electrolytic ) ( NNS cells ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

One exception is a continuing experiment at Stanford University where as much as 10 watts of energy are being put into the electrolytic cells


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT A ) ( NN cell ) ) ( VP ( VBN filled ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ heavy ) ( NN water ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG producing ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 1.0 ) ( TO to ) ( CD 1.5 ) ) ( NNS watts ) ) ( JJR more ) ( NN heat ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ identical ) ( JJ electrolytic ) ( NN cell ) ) ( VP ( VBN filled ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ ordinary ) ( NN water ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( JJ next ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD reported ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Turgut ) ( NNP M. ) ( NNP Gur ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN associate ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS materials ) ( NN scientist ) ( NNP Robert ) ( NNP A. ) ( NNP Huggins ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN head ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Stanford ) ( JJ experimental ) ( NN team ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A cell filled with heavy water is producing 1.0 to 1.5 watts more heat than an identical electrolytic cell filled with ordinary water next to it reported Turgut M. Gur an associate of materials scientist Robert A. Huggins head of the Stanford experimental team


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( CD One ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ few ) ( NNS hints ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( JJ excess ) ( NN heat ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN produced ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NN fusion ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD came ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ brief ) ( NNS remarks ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NP ( NN chemist ) ( NNP John ) ( NNP Bockris ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Texas ) ( NNP A&M ) ( NNP University ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

One of the few hints the excess heat might be produced by fusion came from brief remarks by chemist John Bockris of Texas A&M University


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Bockris ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB previously ) ) ( VP ( VBD reported ) ( X ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG getting ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS bursts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ excess ) ( NN heat ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG detecting ) ( NP ( NP ( VBG increasing ) ( NNS amounts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN tritium ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG forming ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ heavy ) ( NN water ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Bockris previously reported getting bursts of excess heat and of detecting increasing amounts of tritium forming in the heavy water


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN within ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ past ) ( JJ few ) ( NNS days ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( VP ( VBN gotten ) ( NP ( NN evidence ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ weak ) ( NN correlation ) ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN time ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN heat ) ( NNS bursts ) ) ( VP ( VBP occur ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN production ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN tritium ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He said that within the past few days he 's gotten evidence that there is a weak correlation between the time the heat bursts occur and the production of tritium


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX There ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB n't ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN way ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB continuously ) ) ( VB measure ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN amount ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN tritium ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ heavy ) ( NN water ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( IN so ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ difficult ) ) ( S-3 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB tell ) ( SBAR ( CC whether ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN tritium ) ( NN formation ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN related ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN heat ) ( NNS bursts ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( DT some ) ( JJ other ) ( NN phenomenon ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

There is n't any way to continuously measure the amount of tritium in the heavy water so it 's been difficult to tell whether the tritium formation is related to the heat bursts or some other phenomenon


( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( ADJP ( RB Increasingly ) ( JJ careful ) ) ( NNS attempts ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB measure ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS neutrons ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( JJ strong ) ( NN evidence ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN fusion ) ( NNS reactions ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP continue ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ negative ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Increasingly careful attempts to measure neutrons which would be strong evidence of fusion reactions continue to be negative


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Messrs. ) ( NNP Fleischmann ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Pons ) ) ( VP ( VP ( ADVP-TMP ( RB initially ) ) ( VBD reported ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ indirect ) ( NN evidence ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS neutrons ) ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN produced ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN experiment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( VP ( ADVP-TMP ( RB later ) ) ( VBD conceded ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS measurements ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ questionable ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Messrs. Fleischmann and Pons initially reported indirect evidence of neutrons being produced in their experiment but later conceded the measurements were questionable


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Researchers ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Sandia ) ( NNP National ) ( NNP Laboratories ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Albuquerque ) ) ( NP ( NNP N.M. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD reported ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD went ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB so ) ( RB far ) ( SBAR ( IN as ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB take ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ cold ) ( NN fusion ) ( NN experiment ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( CD three ) ( NN neutron ) ( NNS detectors ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN tunnel ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN under ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 300 ) ( NNS feet ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN granite ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB shield ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS detectors ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( JJ cosmic ) ( NNS rays ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque N.M. reported they went so far as to take a cold fusion experiment and three neutron detectors into a tunnel under 300 feet of granite to shield the detectors from cosmic rays


( S ( S ( NP-TMP ( NP ( DT A ) ( NN number ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS times ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD detected ) ( NP ( NNS neutrons ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( CD one ) ) ( RB sometimes ) ( NP ( CD two ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD three ) ( NNS detectors ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( SINV ( ADVP-TMP ( RB only ) ( RB once ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN during ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 411 ) ( NNS hours ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN experiment ) ) ) ) ) ( VBD did ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VB detect ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN neutron ) ( NN burst ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( QP ( DT all ) ( CD three ) ) ( NNS detectors ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP think ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( JJ spurious ) ( NN event ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A number of times they detected neutrons in one sometimes two of the three detectors but only once during 411 hours of the experiment did they detect a neutron burst in all three detectors and they think that was a spurious event


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Shimson ) ( NNP Gottesfeld ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Los ) ( NNP Alamos ) ( NNP National ) ( NNP Laboratory ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS researchers ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB there ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD detected ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN burst ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS neutrons ) ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ early ) ( JJ cold ) ( NN fusion ) ( NN experiment ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NNP April ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( VP ( VBD decided ) ( S ( RB not ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB announce ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN until ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB confirm ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Shimson Gottesfeld of Los Alamos National Laboratory said researchers there detected a burst of neutrons from an early cold fusion experiment last April but decided not to announce it until they could confirm it


( S ( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( JJ subsequent ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( CD one ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD two ) ( NN neutron ) ( NNS detectors ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB occasionally ) ) ( VP ( VBD indicated ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN burst ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS neutrons ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NN neutron ) ( NNS bursts ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB never ) ) ( VP ( VBN recorded ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT both ) ( NNS detectors ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ( NN time ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In subsequent experiments one of two neutron detectors occasionally indicated a burst of neutrons but neutron bursts were never recorded in both detectors at the same time


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( VBD concluded ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS indications ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS neutrons ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD stemmed ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS faults ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS detectors ) ) ) ( PP ( RB rather ) ( IN than ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ cold ) ( NN fusion ) ( NN experiment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

They concluded the indications of neutrons stemmed from faults in the detectors rather than from the cold fusion experiment


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( PP-LOC ( IN At ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Lawrence ) ( NNP Berkeley ) ( NNP Laboratory ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP California ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ new ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ( VP ( VBD indicated ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN lithium ) ) ( VP ( VBN added ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ heavy ) ( NN water ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN so ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB conduct ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN current ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB produce ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( RB previously ) ( JJ unsuspected ) ) ( JJ electrical ) ( NNS effects ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN surface ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN palladium ) ( NN rod ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Messrs. ) ( NNP Fleischmann ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Pons ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( VP ( VBN misinterpreted ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD reported ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Philip ) ( NNP Ross ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP California ) ( NN laboratory ) ) ) ) )

At the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in California new experiments indicated that the lithium added to the heavy water so it will conduct a current can produce previously unsuspected electrical effects on the surface of the palladium rod which Messrs. Fleischmann and Pons might have misinterpreted reported Philip Ross from the California laboratory


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Lyondell ) ( NNP Petrochemical ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ third-quarter ) ( NN net ) ( NN income ) ) ( VP ( VBD fell ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 54 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 73 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 91 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 160 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( RBR earlier ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Lyondell Petrochemical Co. said third-quarter net income fell 54 % to 73 million or 91 cents a share from 160 million a year earlier


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Year-earlier ) ( JJ per-share ) ( NNS results ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( RB n't ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ applicable ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD went ) ( NP-PRD ( NN public ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP January ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Year-earlier per-share results are n't applicable because the company went public in January


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Revenue ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 7.7 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 1.28 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 1.18 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ) )

Revenue rose 7.7 % to 1.28 billion from 1.18 billion


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN petrochemical ) ( NN maker ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS biggest ) ( NN reason ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS earnings ) ) ( VP ( VBD declined ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN loss ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN production ) ( NN time ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBN increased ) ( NNS costs ) ) ( VP ( VBN associated ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ temporary ) ( NN maintenance ) ( NN closing ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NN expansion ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NNS olefins ) ( NN plant ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The petrochemical maker said the biggest reason earnings declined was a loss of production time and the increased costs associated with a temporary maintenance closing and expansion of an olefins plant


( S ( PP ( IN Like ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS refiners ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNP Lyondell ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS margins ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNS chemicals ) ( CC and ) ( NN gasoline ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJR narrower ) ) ) )

Like other refiners Lyondell 's margins for chemicals and gasoline were narrower


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN While ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NN chemical ) ( NNS margins ) ) ( VP ( VBD continued ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB worsen ) ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS costs ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJR lower ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN maintenance ) ( CC and ) ( NNS expansions ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ complete ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

While the company said chemical margins continued to worsen this quarter costs will be lower because the maintenance and expansions are complete


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP Stock ) ( NNP Exchange ) ( NN composite ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Friday ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Lyondell ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unchanged ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 18.50 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In New York Stock Exchange composite trading Friday Lyondell was unchanged at 18.50 a share


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ LEBANESE ) ( NNS LAWMAKERS ) ) ( VP ( VBD APPROVED ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN peace ) ( NN plan ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Aoun ) ) ( VP ( VBD rejected ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) )

LEBANESE LAWMAKERS APPROVED a peace plan but Aoun rejected it


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Lebanon ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Parliament ) ) ( VP ( VBD passed ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ power-sharing ) ( NN accord ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB end ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN country ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ 14-year-old ) ( NN conflict ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJ Christian ) ( JJ military ) ( NN leader ) ) ( VP ( VB wad ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN plan ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ full ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS ambiguities ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Lebanon 's Parliament passed the power-sharing accord to end the country 's 14-year-old conflict but the Christian military leader wad the plan was full of ambiguities


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP Arab ) ( JJ League-sponsored ) ( NN pact ) ) ( VP ( VBN drafted ) ( PP-TMP ( IN during ) ( NP ( NP ( CD three ) ( NNS weeks ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS talks ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Saudi ) ( JJ Arabian ) ( NN resort ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Taif ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ includes ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ Syrian ) ( NNS proposals ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( ADVP ( IN at ) ( JJS least ) ) ( DT a ) ( JJ partial ) ( NN troop ) ( NN pullout ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Lebanon ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ guarantees ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ equal ) ( NN number ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS seats ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNS Moslems ) ( CC and ) ( NNS Christians ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Parliament ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Arab League-sponsored pact drafted during three weeks of talks at the Saudi Arabian resort of Taif includes Syrian proposals for at least a partial troop pullout from Lebanon and guarantees an equal number of seats for Moslems and Christians in the Parliament


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN rejection ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Aoun ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN demanded ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( JJ total ) ( CC and ) ( JJ immediate ) ) ( NN pull-out ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Damascus ) ( POS 's ) ) ( CD 33,000 ) ( NNS troops ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ puts ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN future ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN agreement ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN doubt ) ) ) ) )

The rejection by Aoun who has demanded a total and immediate pull-out of Damascus 's 33,000 troops puts the future of the agreement in doubt


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP NORTHERN ) ( NNP CALIFORNIA ) ) ( VP ( NNP BRACED ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ earthquake-related ) ( NN traffic ) ( NNS jams ) ) ) ) )

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA BRACED for earthquake-related traffic jams


( S ( SBAR-TMP ( IN As ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS rescuers ) ) ( VP ( VBD pressed ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS efforts ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG finding ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN survivor ) ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( VBN collapsed ) ( NN freeway ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP San ) ( NNP Francisco ) ( NNP Bay ) ( NN area ) ) ( VP ( VBD girded ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( NNS hundreds ) ( IN of ) ( NNS thousands ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS commuters ) ) ( VP ( VBG seeking ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB avoid ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS routes ) ) ( VP ( VBN ravaged ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( JJ last ) ( NNP Tuesday ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN tremor ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

As rescuers pressed their efforts after finding a survivor in a collapsed freeway the San Francisco Bay area girded for hundreds of thousands of commuters seeking to avoid routes ravaged by last Tuesday 's tremor


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NNP Oakland ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ 57-year-old ) ( NN longshoreman ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD spent ) ( NP ( CD four ) ( NNS days ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBN entombed ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN rubble ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ critical ) ( NN condition ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ slight ) ( NN improvement ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In Oakland officials said the 57-year-old longshoreman who spent four days entombed in rubble was in critical condition with slight improvement


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Estimates ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN damage ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN area ) ) ( VP ( VBN visited ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Friday ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Bush ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD topped ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 5 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) )

Estimates of damage in the area visited Friday by Bush topped 5 billion


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN baseball ) ( NN commissioner ) ) ( VP ( VBD announced ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ third ) ( NN game ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP World ) ( NNP Series ) ) ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Giants ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Athletics ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB resume ) ( PP-TMP ( IN until ) ( NP ( NNP Friday ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The baseball commissioner announced that the third game of the World Series between the Giants and the Athletics would n't resume until Friday


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT THE ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( VP ( VBZ IS ) ( VP ( NNP REQUIRED ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB notify ) ( NP ( JJ foreign ) ( NNS dictators ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ certain ) ( NN coup ) ( NNS plans ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

THE U.S. IS REQUIRED to notify foreign dictators of certain coup plans


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN Under ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS guidelines ) ) ( VP ( VBN included ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN exchange ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS letters ) ) ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Reagan ) ( NN administration ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Senate ) ( NNP Intelligence ) ( NN panel ) ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( VP ( MD must ) ( VP ( VB inform ) ( NP ( JJ foreign ) ( NNS dictators ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS plans ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ likely ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB endanger ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS lives ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Under guidelines included in an exchange of letters between the Reagan administration and the Senate Intelligence panel last year the U.S. must inform foreign dictators of plans likely to endanger their lives


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN existence ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN policy ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD became ) ( VP ( VBN known ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN after ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( NNP Bush ) ) ( VP ( VBD disclosed ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD seven ) ( NNP GOP ) ( NNS senators ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN week ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG citing ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN plan ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN example ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ congressional ) ( NNS requirements ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN administration ) ) ( VP ( VBZ contends ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( VBP contribute ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN failure ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ covert ) ( NNS actions ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

The existence of the policy became known after Bush disclosed it to seven GOP senators last week citing the plan as an example of congressional requirements the administration contends contribute to the failure of covert actions officials said


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Bush ) ) ( VP ( VBD conceded ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN requirement ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB affect ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN decision ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB lend ) ( NP ( ADJP ( JJ only ) ( JJ minor ) ) ( NN support ) ) ( PP-DTV ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN month ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ failed ) ( NN effort ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB oust ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Panama ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Noriega ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS aides ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

Bush conceded that the requirement did n't affect a decision to lend only minor support to this month 's failed effort to oust Panama 's Noriega aides said


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN shuttle ) ( NNP Atlantis ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN crew ) ) ( VP ( VBD prepared ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB return ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Earth ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NN today ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( ADVP ( NP ( JJ several ) ( NNS hours ) ) ( RBR earlier ) ) ( SBAR ( IN than ) ( S ( VP ( VBN planned ) ) ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB avoid ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJ high ) ( NNS winds ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN forecast ) ( PP-LOC-3 ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN landing ) ( NN site ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Edwards ) ( NNP Air ) ( NNP Force ) ( NNP Base ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NNP Calif ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The shuttle Atlantis 's crew prepared to return to Earth today several hours earlier than planned to avoid high winds forecast at the landing site at Edwards Air Force Base Calif


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( CD five ) ( NNS astronauts ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( VBD stowed ) ( NP ( NN gear ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD tested ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN spacecraft ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN steering ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unconcerned ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ touchy ) ( NN weather ) ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Mojave ) ( NNP Desert ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The five astronauts who stowed gear and tested the spacecraft 's steering said they were unconcerned about the touchy weather expected in the Mojave Desert


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Commonwealth ) ( NNS leaders ) ) ( VP ( VBD issued ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN declaration ) ) ( VP ( VBG giving ) ( NP ( NNP South ) ( NNP Africa ) ) ( NP ( NP ( CD six ) ( NNS months ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB deliver ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNS pledges ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB ease ) ( NP ( NN apartheid ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( VB face ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NNS reprisals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Commonwealth leaders issued a declaration giving South Africa six months to deliver on pledges to ease apartheid or face new reprisals


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( JJ 49-nation ) ( NN organization ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG meeting ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Malaysia ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD called ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR tighter ) ( JJ financial ) ( NN pressure ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB immediately ) ) ) ) ) )

The 49-nation organization meeting in Malaysia called for tighter financial pressure immediately


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Britain ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Prime ) ( NNP Minister ) ( NNP Thatcher ) ) ( ADVP ( RB alone ) ) ( VP ( VBD dissented ) ) )

Britain 's Prime Minister Thatcher alone dissented


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP East ) ( NNP Germany ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN leadership ) ) ( VP ( VBD vowed ) ( NP ( JJ swift ) ( NN action ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB ease ) ( NP ( NP ( VB travel ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN West ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

East Germany 's leadership vowed swift action to ease travel to the West


( S ( PP ( IN Despite ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN pledge ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Communist ) ( NNS rulers ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( QP ( NNS tens ) ( IN of ) ( NNS thousands ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS people ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( IN across ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN country ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD staged ) ( NP ( NNS marches ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN over ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN weekend ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB demand ) ( NP ( JJ democratic ) ( NNS freedoms ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Despite the pledge by the Communist rulers tens of thousands of people across the country staged marches over the weekend to demand democratic freedoms


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NNP Leipzig ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( QP ( JJR more ) ( IN than ) ( CD 500 ) ) ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( VBD met ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ local ) ( NN party ) ( NNS officials ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB discuss ) ( NP ( JJ internal ) ( NNS changes ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In Leipzig more than 500 people met with local party officials to discuss internal changes


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NNP Senate ) ) ( VP ( VBD convicted ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ federal ) ( NNP Judge ) ( NNP Alcee ) ( NNP Hastings ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Miami ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD eight ) ( NN impeachment ) ( NNS articles ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG removing ) ( NP ( PRP him ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN bench ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Senate convicted federal Judge Alcee Hastings of Miami of eight impeachment articles removing him from the bench


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NN chamber ) ) ( VP ( VBD voted ) ( ADVP ( CD 69-26 ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Friday ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB convict ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN judge ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN perjury ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN bribery ) ( NN conspiracy ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The chamber voted 69-26 Friday to convict the judge of perjury and bribery conspiracy


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBD marked ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ first ) ( NN time ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT a ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN official ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN impeached ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS charges ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-3 ( IN of ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN jury ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN acquitted ) ( NP ( PRP him ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It marked the first time a U.S. official was impeached on charges of which a jury had acquitted him


( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( NNP Rep. ) ( NNP Garcia ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( NN wife ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN found ) ( S ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ guilty ) ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ federal ) ( NN jury ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-1 ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG extorting ) ( NP ( CD 76,000 ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Wedtech ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN return ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ official ) ( NNS acts ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NNP Democrat ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Rep. Garcia and his wife were found guilty by a federal jury in New York of extorting 76,000 from Wedtech Corp. in return for official acts by the New York Democrat


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN jury ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBD convicted ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN extortion ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG obtaining ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 20,000 ) ) ( JJ interest-free ) ( NN loan ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN officer ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ defunct ) ( NN defense ) ( NN contractor ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The jury also convicted them of extortion in obtaining a 20,000 interest-free loan from an officer of the defunct defense contractor


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Authorities ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Honduras ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD launched ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN investigation ) ) ( PP ( IN into ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN cause ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Saturday ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN crash ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ Honduran ) ( NN jetliner ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD killed ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 132 ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 146 ) ( NNS people ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB aboard ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Authorities in Honduras launched an investigation into the cause of Saturday 's crash of a Honduran jetliner that killed 132 of the 146 people aboard


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP Boeing ) ( CD 727 ) ) ( PP ( IN en ) ( NP ( NP ( NN route ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Honduras ) ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Costa ) ( NNP Rica ) ) ) ( PP ( IN via ) ( NP ( NNP Nicaragua ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD smashed ) ( PP-DIR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS hills ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( IN outside ) ( NP ( NNP Tegucigalpa ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD approached ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN capital ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN airport ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ high ) ( NNS winds ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ low ) ( NNS clouds ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Boeing 727 en route to Honduras from Costa Rica via Nicaragua smashed into the hills outside Tegucigalpa as it approached the capital 's airport in high winds and low clouds


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Israel ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBG holding ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN aide ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Prime ) ( NNP Minister ) ) ( NP ( NNP Shamir ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD called ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( JJ intense ) ( NN telephone ) ( NNS negotiations ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN effort ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB bridge ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS differences ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN over ) ( NP ( JJ Mideast ) ( NN peace ) ( NNS moves ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The U.S. and Israel have been holding what an aide to Prime Minister Shamir called intense telephone negotiations in an effort to bridge differences over Mideast peace moves


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NNP Labor ) ( NNP Party ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB meanwhile ) ) ( VP ( VBD threatened ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB support ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ parliamentary ) ( NN motion ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB topple ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN coalition ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN unless ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Shamir ) ) ( VP ( VBD showed ) ( NP ( NP ( NN flexibility ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( JJ Arab-Israeli ) ( NNS talks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Labor Party meanwhile threatened to support a parliamentary motion to topple the coalition unless Shamir showed flexibility on Arab-Israeli talks


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Nicaragua ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Defense ) ( NNP Ministry ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN group ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Contra ) ( NNS rebels ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD ambushed ) ( NP ( NP ( CD two ) ( NNS trucks ) ) ( VP ( VBG carrying ) ( NP ( NNS troops ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ northern ) ( NNP Nicaragua ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG killing ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 18 ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS soldiers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Nicaragua 's Defense Ministry said a group of Contra rebels ambushed two trucks carrying troops in northern Nicaragua killing 18 of the soldiers


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN incident ) ) ( VP ( VBN occurred ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Saturday ) ( NN night ) ) ) )

The incident occurred Saturday night