( S ( PP ( IN With ) ( NP ( DT some ) ( JJ new ) ( NNS rules ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN state ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD made ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJR easier ) ( CC and ) ( JJR faster ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB sell ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NNS franchises ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP$ whose ) ( NNS terms ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP stray ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT those ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ state-registered ) ( NNS contracts ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

With some new rules state officials say they made it easier and faster to sell new franchises whose terms stray from those in state-registered contracts


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Previously ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS regulators ) ) ( VP ( VBD insisted ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS franchisers ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VB pre-register ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( NNS changes ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN state ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ costly ) ( NN process ) ) ( VP ( VBG taking ) ( NP-TMP ( ADVP ( IN at ) ( JJS least ) ) ( CD six ) ( NNS weeks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Previously regulators insisted that franchisers pre-register such changes with the state a costly process taking at least six weeks


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Now ) ) ( NP-SBJ-3 ( NP ( DT some ) ( VBN negotiated ) ( NNS sales ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP meet ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN series ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS tests ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN pre-registered ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Now some negotiated sales that meet a series of tests do n't have to be pre-registered


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( NN instance ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS franchisers ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB no ) ( RB longer ) ) ( VP ( MD must ) ( VP ( VB pre-register ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS sales ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( VBG aspiring ) ( NNS franchisees ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP qualify ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( JJ sophisticated ) ( NNS purchasers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For instance franchisers no longer must pre-register sales to aspiring franchisees who qualify as sophisticated purchasers


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Such ) ( NNS buyers ) ) ( VP ( MD must ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ minimum ) ( JJ net ) ( NN worth ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 1 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ( NP ( CD 200,000 ) ( JJ annual ) ( NN income ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NN experience ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN business ) ( NN area ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN franchise ) ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN sold ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Such buyers must have a minimum net worth of 1 million 200,000 annual income or recent experience in the business area of the franchise being sold


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS critics ) ) ( VP ( VBP consider ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS changes ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ regressive ) ) ) ) )

But critics consider the changes regressive


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Lewis ) ( NNP G. ) ( NNP Rudnick ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Chicago ) ( NN lawyer ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ represents ) ( NP ( NNS franchisers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ contends ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP California ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB narrowly ) ) ( VBG limiting ) ) ( CONJP ( RB rather ) ( IN than ) ) ( VP ( VBG expanding ) ) ( NP-1 ( NP ( NNS opportunities ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG negotiating ) ( NP ( NNS sales ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Lewis G. Rudnick a Chicago lawyer who represents franchisers contends California is narrowly limiting rather than expanding opportunities for negotiating sales


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBZ argues ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP California ) ( NNS regulators ) ) ( ADVP ( RB historically ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN misinterpreted ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN law ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( VBN negotiated ) ( NNS sales ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP are ) ( RB n't ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ pre-registered ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ legal ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( DT all ) ( IN along ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He argues California regulators historically have misinterpreted their law and he says negotiated sales that are n't pre-registered have been legal all along


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP San ) ( NNP Francisco ) ( NN lawyer ) ( NNP Timothy ) ( NNP H. ) ( NNP Fine ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ represents ) ( NP ( NNS franchisees ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ insists ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( NP ( NNP California ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN cautiousness ) ) ( VP ( VBZ helps ) ( S ( VP ( VB protect ) ( NP ( NNS franchisees ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ crafty ) ( NNS sales ) ( NNS negotiators ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP push ) ( NP ( JJ unlawful ) ( NNS clauses ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

San Francisco lawyer Timothy H. Fine who represents franchisees insists California 's cautiousness helps protect franchisees from crafty sales negotiators who push unlawful clauses


SMALL TALK


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT A ) ( JJ new ) ( NNP Maryland ) ( NN law ) ) ( VP ( VBZ frees ) ( NP ( NN store ) ( NNS owners ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN liability ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN customer ) ) ( VP ( VP ( NNS trips ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB otherwise ) ) ( VBZ gets ) ( NP ( NN hurt ) ) ) ( PP-2 ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN way ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN restroom ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A new Maryland law frees store owners of liability if a customer trips or otherwise gets hurt on the way to the restroom


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( QP ( RB Only ) ( CD 4 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Missouri ) ( JJ small ) ( NNS businesses ) ) ( VP ( VBN surveyed ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP 've ) ( VP ( VBN tested ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN employee ) ( CC or ) ( NN applicant ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN drug ) ( CC or ) ( NN alcohol ) ( NN use ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Only 4 % of Missouri small businesses surveyed say they 've tested an employee or applicant for drug or alcohol use


( S ( PP-MNR ( IN By ) ( NP ( CD 52%-36 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Tennessee ) ( NNP NFIB ) ( NNS members ) ) ( VP ( VBP favor ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS laws ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB limit ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ foreign ) ( NN ownership ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN land ) ( CC and ) ( NNS facilities ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN state ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

By 52%-36 % Tennessee NFIB members favor laws to limit foreign ownership of land and facilities in the state


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT This ) ( NAC-LOC ( NNP Brooklyn ) ( NNP N.Y. ) ) ( NN generic-drug ) ( NN maker ) ) ( VP ( VBD announced ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN stock ) ( NN dividend ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ payable ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Dec. ) ( CD 15 ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS holders ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN record ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Nov. ) ( CD 15 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

This Brooklyn N.Y. generic-drug maker announced a 5 % stock dividend payable Dec. 15 to holders of record Nov. 15


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN As ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Sept. ) ( CD 30 ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Halsey ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 5.3 ) ( CD million ) ) ( JJ common ) ( NNS shares ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ outstanding ) ) ) ) )

As of Sept. 30 Halsey had 5.3 million common shares outstanding


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Jay ) ( NNP Marcus ) ) ( NP ( NN president ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN move ) ) ( VP ( VBZ reflects ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN confidence ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ our ) ( NN board ) ( CC and ) ( NN management ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Halsey ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ long-term ) ( NNS prospects ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( PRP$ our ) ( NN desire ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB provide ) ( NP ( PRP$ our ) ( NNS shareholders ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ attractive ) ( NN return ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN investment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Jay Marcus president said the move reflects the confidence of our board and management in Halsey 's long-term prospects and our desire to provide our shareholders with an attractive return on their investment


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NNP American ) ( NNP Stock ) ( NNP Exchange ) ( JJ composite ) ( NN trading ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Halsey ) ) ( VP ( VBD closed ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 5.8125 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( IN up ) ( NP ( CD 6.25 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ) ) )

In American Stock Exchange composite trading Halsey closed at 5.8125 a share up 6.25 cents


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT A ) ( ADJP ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 320 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PRN ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 508 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ( NNP British ) ( NNPS Airways ) ( NNP PLC ) ( NNS rights ) ( NN issue ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD flopped ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB badly ) ) ) ( NP-ADV ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN victim ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NN market ) ( NN turbulence ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN collapse ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN buy-out ) ( NN bid ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP United ) ( NNPS Airlines ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN parent ) ) ( NP ( NNP UAL ) ( NNP Corp ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A 320 million 508 million British Airways PLC rights issue flopped badly the victim of recent market turbulence and the collapse of the buy-out bid for United Airlines ' parent UAL Corp


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NNP United ) ( NNP Kingdom ) ( NN carrier ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN planned ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN issue ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB help ) ( VP ( VB finance ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 750 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( NN purchase ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 15 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN stake ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP UAL ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The United Kingdom carrier had planned the issue to help finance its 750 million purchase of a 15 % stake in UAL


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP British ) ( NNPS Airways ) ) ( VP ( VBD withdrew ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP UAL ) ( NN labor-management ) ( JJ buy-out ) ( NN plan ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NNP Friday ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN after ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN group ) ) ( VP ( VBD failed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB get ) ( NP ( NN bank ) ( NN financing ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 6.79 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ( NN buy-out ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But British Airways withdrew from the UAL labor-management buy-out plan last Friday after the group failed to get bank financing for its 6.79 billion buy-out


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP British ) ( NNPS Airways ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( NNS shareholders ) ) ( VP ( VBD accepted ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB only ) ( CD 6.3 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ convertible ) ( NN capital ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN rest ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN issue ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN taken ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNS underwriters ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

British Airways said its shareholders accepted only 6.3 % of the convertible capital bonds but that the rest of the issue will be taken up by underwriters


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( IN that ) ( ADJP ( CD 6.3 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN level ) ) ( VP ( VBD marked ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS poorest ) ( NN showing ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( JJ major ) ( JJ British ) ( NNS rights ) ( NN issue ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN since ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1987 ) ( JJ global ) ( NN stock ) ( NN market ) ( NN crash ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Analysts said that 6.3 % level marked the poorest showing for any major British rights issue since the 1987 global stock market crash


( SINV ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ close ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG being ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( NN record ) ( NN undersubscription ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Bob ) ( NNP Bucknell ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN analyst ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNP London ) ( NN broker ) ( NNP Smith ) ( NNP New ) ( NNP Court ) ( NNPS Securities ) ) ) ) ) )

It is close to being a record undersubscription said Bob Bucknell an analyst with London broker Smith New Court Securities


( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NN Fund ) ( NNS managers ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB like ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS rights ) ( NNS issues ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ obvious ) ( NN reason ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Fund managers do n't like to have rights issues that do n't have an obvious reason


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ obvious ) ( NN reason ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN for ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP British ) ( NNP Air ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB buy ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN stake ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP United ) ( NNPS Airlines ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The obvious reason was for British Air to buy a stake in United Airlines


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN statement ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP British ) ( NNP Air ) ( NNP Chairman ) ( NNP Lord ) ( NNP King ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADVP ( RB obviously ) ) ( VBN disappointed ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( NN issue ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VBN taken ) ( PRT ( IN up ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unreasonable ) ) ( S-1 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB expect ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ better ) ( NN result ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBN given ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN volatility ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN stock ) ( NN market ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN since ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN launch ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN issue ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In a statement British Air Chairman Lord King said the company was obviously disappointed that the issue was not taken up but it would have been unreasonable to expect a better result given the volatility of the stock market since the launch of the issue


( S ( CC But ) ( PP ( IN except ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN embarrassment ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP British ) ( NNP Air ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB emerge ) ( S ( ADJP-PRD ( RB relatively ) ( JJ unscathed ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBN flopped ) ( NN issue ) ) ) ) ) )

But except for the embarrassment British Air will emerge relatively unscathed from the flopped issue


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Underwriters ) ) ( VP ( VBD led ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Lazard ) ( NNPS Brothers ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB pick ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN rest ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN airline ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN offer ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( CD four ) ( JJ convertible ) ( NN capital ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT every ) ( CD nine ) ( JJ common ) ( NNS shares ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Underwriters led by Lazard Brothers & Co. will pick up the rest of the airline 's offer of four convertible capital bonds for every nine common shares


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Lazard ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( JJ primary ) ( NNS underwriters ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN reduced ) ( CC or ) ( VBN eliminated ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN exposure ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG sub-underwriting ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN issue ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN among ) ( NP ( NNP U.K. ) ( JJ institutional ) ( NNS investors ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Lazard and other primary underwriters have reduced or eliminated their exposure by sub-underwriting the issue among U.K. institutional investors


( SINV ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( PRN ( NN paper ) ) ( NN loss ) ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB here ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB very ) ( JJ small ) ) ( PP-1 ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT these ) ( NNS sub-underwriters ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD observed ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP John ) ( NNP Nelson ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Lazard ) ( VBG managing ) ( NN director ) ) ) )

The paper loss here is very small for these sub-underwriters observed John Nelson a Lazard managing director


( S-1 ( PP ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN case ) ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD added ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJS most ) ( NNS institutions ) ) ( ADVP ( RB probably ) ) ( VP ( MD wo ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB sell ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ) ) )

In any case he added most institutions probably wo n't sell the bonds


( S ( CC And ) ( PP ( RB instead ) ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG buying ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP UAL ) ( NN stake ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NNP U.K. ) ( NN carrier ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ able ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB reduce ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ high ) ( NN debt ) ( NN level ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB build ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN acquisition ) ( NN war ) ( NN chest ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And instead of buying the UAL stake the U.K. carrier will be able to reduce its high debt level and build an acquisition war chest


( SINV ( S-TPC-2 ( PP ( IN From ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN cash ) ( NN flow ) ( NN point ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN view ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP British ) ( NNPS Airways ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJR better ) ( IN off ) ( S ( RB not ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( PP-PRD ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP United ) ( NNPS Airlines ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ short ) ( NN term ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Andy ) ( NNP Chambers ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN analyst ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Nomura ) ( NNP Research ) ( NNP Institute ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP London ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

From a cash flow point of view British Airways is better off not being in United Airlines in the short term said Andy Chambers an analyst at Nomura Research Institute in London


( SINV ( VP ( VBN Added ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT another ) ( NNP U.K. ) ( NN analyst ) ) ( S-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ gives ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT some ) ( NN cash ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN back ) ( NN pocket ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP want ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB do ) ( NP ( NN something ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Added another U.K. analyst It gives them some cash in the back pocket for when they want to do something


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( NN instance ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP British ) ( NNP Air ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG continuing ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB negotiate ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNP KLM ) ( NNP Royal ) ( NNP Dutch ) ( NNPS Airlines ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN about ) ( S-NOM ( NP-SBJ ( DT each ) ) ( VP ( VBG acquiring ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 20 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN stake ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Sabena ) ( NNP World ) ( NNPS Airlines ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN air ) ( NN transport ) ( NN subsidiary ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Belgian ) ( JJ national ) ( NN airline ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For instance British Air is continuing to negotiate with KLM Royal Dutch Airlines about each acquiring a 20 % stake in Sabena World Airlines the air transport subsidiary of the Belgian national airline


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT A ) ( JJ definitive ) ( NN agreement ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ( PP-TMP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN end ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP July ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A definitive agreement had been expected by the end of July


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( VBN failed ) ( NNS rights ) ( NN issue ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( MD should ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ modest ) ( NN impact ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP British ) ( NNP Air ) ( NNS shares ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The failed rights issue also should have a modest impact on British Air shares


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN airline ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN share ) ( NN price ) ) ( ADVP ( RB already ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( PP-PRD ( ADVP ( RB far ) ) ( IN below ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( ADJP ( CD 210 ) ( NN pence ) ) ( PRN ( ADJP ( CD 3.33 ) ) ) ) ( NN level ) ) ( VP ( VBN seen ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN after ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD announced ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS rights ) ( NN issue ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ late ) ( NNP September ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The airline 's share price already is far below the 210 pence 3.33 level seen after the company announced the rights issue in late September


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NP ( RB late ) ( NN trading ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP London ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Stock ) ( NNP Exchange ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NN yesterday ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS shares ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADVP-PRD ( IN off ) ( NP ( CD three ) ( NN pence ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 194 ) ( NN pence ) ) ) ) ) )

In late trading on London 's Stock Exchange yesterday the shares were off three pence at 194 pence


( S ( CC And ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP British ) ( NNP Air ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG issuing ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ convertible ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ( PP ( RB rather ) ( IN than ) ( NP ( JJ ordinary ) ( NNS shares ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN share ) ( NN price ) ) ( VP ( MD wo ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB directly ) ) ( VBN hurt ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN surplus ) ) ( VP ( VBN left ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNS underwriters ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN after ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP try ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB sell ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN issue ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ open ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And because British Air is issuing convertible bonds rather than ordinary shares the share price wo n't be directly hurt by any surplus left with underwriters after they try to sell the issue in the open market


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNP British ) ( NNP Air ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN withdrawal ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP UAL ) ( NN buy-out ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( JJ further ) ( NNS repercussions ) ) ) ) )

But British Air 's withdrawal from the UAL buy-out could have further repercussions


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Some ) ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBD speculated ) ( NP-TMP ( NN yesterday ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN move ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN set ) ( PRT ( RP off ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN board ) ( NN room ) ( NN split ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB lead ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN resignation ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Sir ) ( NNP Colin ) ( NNP Marshall ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN carrier ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN chief ) ( NN executive ) ( NN officer ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Some analysts speculated yesterday that the move has set off a board room split which may lead to the resignation of Sir Colin Marshall the carrier 's chief executive officer


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS stories ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( JJ rubbish ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NNP British ) ( NNP Air ) ( NN spokesman ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

The stories are rubbish a British Air spokesman said


( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX There ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN difference ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN opinion ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( NP ( PRN ( NN Chairman ) ) ( NNP Lord ) ( NNP King ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Sir ) ( NNP Colin ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN aspect ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN company ) ( NN policy ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

There is no difference of opinion between Chairman Lord King and Sir Colin on any aspect of company policy


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP GANNETT ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( VP ( VBD raised ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ quarterly ) ( NN dividend ) ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 11 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 30 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( CD 27 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ) ( ADJP-ADV ( JJ payable ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Jan. ) ( CD 2 ) ( CD 1990 ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS shares ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN record ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Dec. ) ( CD 8 ) ( CD 1989 ) ) ) ) ) ) )

GANNETT Co. raised its quarterly dividend 11 % to 30 cents a share from 27 cents payable Jan. 2 1990 to shares of record Dec. 8 1989


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN action ) ) ( VP ( VBZ increases ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ annual ) ( NN dividend ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 1.20 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( CD 1.08 ) ) ) ) )

The action increases the annual dividend to 1.20 a share from 1.08


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT This ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 22nd ) ( NN year ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-1 ( IN in ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Washington ) ( NNS media ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN increased ) ( NP ( NNS dividends ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

This is the 22nd year in which the Washington media company has increased dividends


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Gannett ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ third-quarter ) ( NNS earnings ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 11 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 52 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 47 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ year-ago ) ( NN period ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Gannett 's third-quarter earnings rose 11 % to 52 cents a share from 47 cents in the year-ago period


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Sales ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 2.9 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 827.9 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 804.3 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) )

Sales rose 2.9 % to 827.9 million from 804.3 million


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Gannett ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 161 ) ( CD million ) ) ( NNS shares ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ outstanding ) ) ) ) )

Gannett has 161 million shares outstanding


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NNP France ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ industrial ) ( NN production ) ( NN index ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP July ) ( CC and ) ( NNP August ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 1 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP June ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-PRD ( IN up ) ( NP ( CD 4.6 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( IN ago ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( RB seasonally ) ( VBN adjusted ) ) ( NNS data ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP National ) ( NNP Statistics ) ( NNP Institute ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

France 's industrial production index for July and August rose 1 % from June and was up 4.6 % from a year ago according to seasonally adjusted data from the National Statistics Institute


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN state ) ( NN agency ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( ADVP ( RB usually ) ) ( VBZ publishes ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS data ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN on ) ( NP ( JJ monthly ) ( NN basis ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB traditionally ) ) ( VBZ combines ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN index ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD two ) ( JJ summer-holiday ) ( NNS months ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN advance ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN led ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NP ( NN output ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN consumer ) ( NNS goods ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-3 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 3.5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP June ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-PRD ( IN up ) ( NP ( CD 7.2 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( RBR earlier ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The state agency which usually publishes the data on monthly basis but traditionally combines the index for the two summer-holiday months said the advance was led by output of consumer goods which rose 3.5 % from June and was up 7.2 % from a year earlier


( S ( NP-SBJ ( VBN Semifinished ) ( NNS goods ) ) ( VP ( VBD turned ) ( PRT ( RP in ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ strong ) ( NN showing ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ monthly ) ( NN rise ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 2 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ year-on-year ) ( NN advance ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 3 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Semifinished goods turned in a strong showing with a monthly rise of 2 % and a year-on-year advance of 3 %


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Food ) ( NN production ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-PRD ( ADVP ( RB ahead ) ( NP-1 ( CD 1.7 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR-2 ( IN from ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP June ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADVP ( NP=1 ( CD 5.3 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR=2 ( IN from ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( RBR earlier ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Food production was ahead 1.7 % from June and 5.3 % from a year earlier


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN Output ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS capital-goods ) ( NN sector ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-PRD ( ADVP ( RB ahead ) ( NP-1 ( CD 0.9 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-2 ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ monthly ) ( NN basis ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADVP ( NP=1 ( CD 2.7 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NP-ADV=2 ( NP ( NN year ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Output in the capital-goods sector was ahead 0.9 % on a monthly basis and 2.7 % year on year


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT These ) ( NNS gains ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB partly ) ) ( VBN offset ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NN output ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS cars ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NN consumer ) ( NNS durables ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD eased ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 3.9 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP June ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ high ) ( NN level ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

These gains were partly offset by output of cars and other consumer durables which eased 3.9 % from June 's high level


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN sector ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB still ) ) ( PP-PRD ( NP-ADV ( CD 8.8 ) ( NN % ) ) ( IN above ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN output ) ( NNS levels ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( RBR earlier ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ) )

The sector was still 8.8 % above its output levels from a year earlier however


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNPS Americans ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG drinking ) ( ADVP ( JJR less ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( JJ young ) ( NNS professionals ) ) ( PP-LOC ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Australia ) ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP West ) ( NNP Germany ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG rushing ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB buy ) ( NP ( JJ premium-brand ) ( JJ American ) ( NX ( NX ( NN vodka ) ) ( NX ( NN brandy ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( JJ other ) ( NNS spirits ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Americans are drinking less but young professionals from Australia to West Germany are rushing to buy premium-brand American vodka brandy and other spirits


( S ( PP ( IN In ) ( ADJP ( JJ particular ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ many ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VP ( VBG snubbing ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN scotch ) ) ( VP ( VBN preferred ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS parents ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBG opting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NN bourbon ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ sweet ) ( NN firewater ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Kentucky ) ( NN countryside ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In particular many are snubbing the scotch preferred by their parents and opting for bourbon the sweet firewater from the Kentucky countryside


( S ( PP ( IN With ) ( S-NOM ( NP-SBJ ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN liquor ) ( NN consumption ) ) ( VP ( VBG declining ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB steadily ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ many ) ( JJ American ) ( NNS producers ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG stepping ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN marketing ) ( NNS efforts ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB abroad ) ) ) ) ) )

With U.S. liquor consumption declining steadily many American producers are stepping up their marketing efforts abroad


( S ( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT those ) ( NNS efforts ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG paying ) ( PRT ( IN off ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Spirits ) ( NNS exports ) ) ( VP ( VBD jumped ) ( NP ( QP ( JJR more ) ( IN than ) ( CD 2 ) ( CD 1\/2 ) ) ( NNS times ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 157.2 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1988 ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 59.8 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1983 ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Distilled ) ( NNPS Spirits ) ( NNP Council ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN trade ) ( NN group ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And those efforts are paying off Spirits exports jumped more than 2 1\/2 times to 157.2 million in 1988 from 59.8 million in 1983 according to the Distilled Spirits Council of the U.S. a trade group


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Spirits ) ( NNS companies ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ( VP ( VBP view ) ( NP ( PRP themselves ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( JJ global ) ( NNS marketers ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Michael ) ( NNP Bellas ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN president ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Beverage ) ( NNP Marketing ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN research ) ( CC and ) ( VBG consulting ) ( NN firm ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Spirits companies now view themselves as global marketers says Michael Bellas president of Beverage Marketing Corp. a research and consulting firm


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN If ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP want ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( NN player ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( PP-PRD ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP America ) ) ( NP ( NNP Europe ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Far ) ( NNP East ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

If you want to be a player you have to be in America Europe and the Far East


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP You ) ) ( VP ( MD must ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ world-class ) ( NNS brands ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ long-term ) ( NN perspective ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ deep ) ( NNS pockets ) ) ) ) ) )

You must have world-class brands a long-term perspective and deep pockets


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN internationalization ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN industry ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN hastened ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NP ( JJ foreign ) ( NNS companies ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NNS acquisitions ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ many ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS producers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The internationalization of the industry has been hastened by foreign companies ' acquisitions of many U.S. producers


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN example ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Grand ) ( NNP Metropolitan ) ( NNP PLC ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Britain ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD acquired ) ( NP ( NNP Heublein ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN while ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT another ) ( JJ British ) ( NN company ) ) ( NP ( NNP Guinness ) ( NNP PLC ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD took ) ( PRT ( RP over ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP United ) ( NNPS Distillers ) ( NNP Group ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Schenley ) ( NNPS Industries ) ( NNP Inc ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In recent years for example Grand Metropolitan PLC of Britain acquired Heublein Inc. while another British company Guinness PLC took over United Distillers Group and Schenley Industries Inc


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN shift ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN fueled ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NN necessity ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But the shift has also been fueled by necessity


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN While ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ premium-brand ) ( NNS spirits ) ) ( PP ( IN like ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Smirnoff ) ( NN vodka ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Jack ) ( NNP Daniel ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN whiskey ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG riding ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB high ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ domestic ) ( NNS spirits ) ( NN consumption ) ) ( VP ( VBD fell ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 15 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 141.1 ) ( CD million ) ) ( NNS cases ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1988 ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 166 ) ( CD million ) ) ( NNS cases ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1979 ) ) ) ) ) )

While premium-brand spirits like Smirnoff vodka and Jack Daniel 's whiskey are riding high in the U.S. domestic spirits consumption fell 15 % to 141.1 million cases in 1988 from 166 million cases in 1979


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN growth ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN come ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ foreign ) ( NNS markets ) ) ) ) ) )

In recent years growth has come in the foreign markets


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN brandy ) ( NNS exports ) ) ( VP ( ADVP ( JJR more ) ( IN than ) ) ( VBD doubled ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN year ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 360,000 ) ( NN proof ) ( NNS gallons ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ standard ) ( NN industry ) ( NN measure ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Jobson ) ( NNP Beverage ) ( NNP Alcohol ) ( NNP Group ) ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN industry ) ( NN association ) ) ) ) ) ) )

U.S. brandy exports more than doubled last year to 360,000 proof gallons a standard industry measure according to Jobson Beverage Alcohol Group an industry association


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Exports ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN rum ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD surged ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 54 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 814,000 ) ( NN proof ) ( NNS gallons ) ) ) ) )

Exports of rum surged 54 % to 814,000 proof gallons


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mexico ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS biggest ) ( NN importer ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT both ) ( NN rum ) ( CC and ) ( NN brandy ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mexico is the biggest importer of both rum and brandy from the U.S.


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN world ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ third-largest ) ( NN liquor ) ( NN market ) ) ( PP ( IN after ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Britain ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD helped ) ( NP ( JJ American ) ( NNS companies ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP April ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD lowered ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN tax ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( VBN imported ) ( NNS spirits ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD levied ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN tax ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( JJ many ) ( JJ domestic ) ( NNS products ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Japan the world 's third-largest liquor market after the U.S. and Britain helped American companies in April when it lowered its tax on imported spirits and levied a tax on many domestic products


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ California ) ( NNS wineries ) ) ( VP ( VBG benefiting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( VBN lowered ) ( NN trade ) ( NNS barriers ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ federal ) ( NN marketing ) ( NNS subsidies ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG expanding ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB aggressively ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ( PP ( RB as ) ( RB well ) ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Canada ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Great ) ( NNP Britain ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

California wineries benefiting from lowered trade barriers and federal marketing subsidies are expanding aggressively into Japan as well as Canada and Great Britain


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS wineries ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VP ( VBG promoting ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS products ) ( POS ' ) ) ( JJ Pacific ) ( NNS roots ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBG courting ) ( NP ( NP ( NN restaurant ) ( CC and ) ( NN hotel ) ( NNS chefs ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP$ whose ) ( NNS recommendations ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP carry ) ( NP ( NN weight ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In Japan the wineries are promoting their products ' Pacific roots and courting restaurant and hotel chefs whose recommendations carry weight


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NNP Australia ) ( NNP Britain ) ( NNP Canada ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Greece ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Brown-Forman ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN increased ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN marketing ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Southern ) ( NNP Comfort ) ( NNP Liqueur ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In Australia Britain Canada and Greece Brown-Forman Corp. has increased its marketing of Southern Comfort Liqueur


( S ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG Using ) ( NP ( NN cinema ) ( NN television ) ( CC and ) ( NN print ) ( NNS ads ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBZ pitches ) ( NP ( NNP Southern ) ( NNP Comfort ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ grand ) ( JJ old ) ( NN drink ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ antebellum ) ( NNP American ) ( NNP South ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Using cinema television and print ads the company pitches Southern Comfort as a grand old drink of the antebellum American South


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( JJS biggest ) ( JJ foreign ) ( NNS inroads ) ) ( ADVP ( RB though ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN made ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NN bourbon ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The biggest foreign inroads though have been made by bourbon


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN While ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS makers ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN vodka ) ) ( NP ( NN rum ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS spirits ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP compete ) ( PP-CLR ( IN against ) ( NP ( NNS powerhouses ) ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB abroad ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN trade ) ( NNS agreements ) ) ( VP ( VBP prohibit ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( JJ other ) ( NN country ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG making ) ( NP ( NN bourbon ) ) ) ) ) ) )

While U.S. makers of vodka rum and other spirits compete against powerhouses abroad trade agreements prohibit any other country from making bourbon


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT All ) ( NN bourbon ) ) ( VP ( VBZ comes ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Kentucky ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN though ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Jack ) ( NNP Daniel ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Tennessee ) ( NN whiskey ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB often ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN counted ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NN bourbon ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN similarity ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN taste ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

All bourbon comes from Kentucky though Jack Daniel 's Tennessee whiskey often is counted as bourbon because of similarity of taste


( S ( ADVP ( RB Moreover ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( ADVP ( RB just ) ) ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN vodka ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN acquired ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN upscale ) ( NN image ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN bourbon ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN become ) ( NP-PRD ( NN fashionable ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ many ) ( JJ foreign ) ( NNS countries ) ) ) ( NP-ADV ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB uniquely ) ( JJ American ) ) ( NN product ) ) ( VP ( VBN tied ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN frontier ) ( NN folklore ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Moreover just as vodka has acquired an upscale image in the U.S. bourbon has become fashionable in many foreign countries a uniquely American product tied to frontier folklore


( SBARQ ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB How ) ) ( SQ ( VBD was ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN West ) ) ( VP ( VBN won ) ) ) )

How was the West won


( FRAG ( PP-MNR ( IN With ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN six-shooter ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD one ) ( NN hand ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NN bourbon ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ other ) ) ) ) ) ) )

With a six-shooter in one hand and bourbon in the other


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( VBP imagine ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NN bourbon ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Wild ) ( NNP West ) ) ( NP ( JJ Western ) ( NN motion ) ( NNS pictures ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS gunmen ) ) ( VP ( VBG appearing ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Kenji ) ( NNP Kishimoto ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN vice ) ( NN president ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Suntory ) ( NNP International ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN division ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Suntory ) ( NNP Ltd. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJS largest ) ( NN liquor ) ( NN company ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

We imagine with bourbon the Wild West Western motion pictures and gunmen appearing says Kenji Kishimoto vice president of Suntory International Corp. a division of Suntory Ltd. Japan 's largest liquor company


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Suntory ) ) ( VP ( VBZ distributes ) ( NP ( NNP Brown-Forman ) ( NNS bourbons ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ) ) )

Suntory distributes Brown-Forman bourbons in Japan


( S ( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Bourbon ) ) ( VP ( VBZ makes ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB just ) ( CD 1 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ world-wide ) ( NNS spirits ) ( NN consumption ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD represented ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 57 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN liquor ) ( VBZ exports ) ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Jobson ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT no ) ( JJ other ) ( NN category ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( QP ( RBR more ) ( IN than ) ( CD 19 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) )

Bourbon makes up just 1 % of world-wide spirits consumption but it represented 57 % of U.S. liquor exports last year according to Jobson no other category had more than 19 %


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Big ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS distillers ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB fiercely ) ) ( VBG vying ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN market ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD grew ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 77 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN year ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 33 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1987 ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN government ) ( NNS figures ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Big U.S. distillers are fiercely vying for this market which grew to 77 million last year from 33 million in 1987 according to government figures


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Jim ) ( NNP Beam ) ( NNP Brands ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN division ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP American ) ( NNPS Brands ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBG leading ) ( NN exporter ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN bourbon ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ produces ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 10 ) ( JJ other ) ( NNS types ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN liquor ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Jim Beam Brands Co. a division of American Brands Inc. is the leading exporter of bourbon and produces 10 other types of liquor


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB increase ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ international ) ( NN advertising ) ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 35 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1990 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( S-NOM ( NP-SBJ ( NN bourbon ) ) ( VP ( VBG representing ) ( NP ( NP ( JJS most ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT that ) ( NN amount ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The company says it will increase its international advertising 35 % in 1990 with bourbon representing most of that amount


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Guinness ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Schenley ) ( NNPS Industries ) ( NN unit ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN increased ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN TV ) ( NN advertising ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN built ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS partnerships ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ duty-free ) ( NNS shops ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN throughout ) ( NP ( NNP Asia ) ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG enabling ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB install ) ( NP ( JJ prominent ) ( NN counter ) ( NNS displays ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Guinness 's Schenley Industries unit has increased its TV advertising in Japan and has built partnerships with duty-free shops throughout Asia enabling it to install prominent counter displays


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN company ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP I.W. ) ( NNP Harper ) ( NN brand ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBG leading ) ( NN bourbon ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 40 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The company 's I.W. Harper brand is the leading bourbon in Japan with 40 % of the market


( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NN Bourbon ) ( NNS exporters ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN succeeded ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB where ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ other ) ( NNS industries ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN failed ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG avoiding ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ cultural ) ( NNS hitches ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN marketing ) ( CC and ) ( NN distribution ) ) ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG allying ) ( NP ( PRP themselves ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ local ) ( NNS agents ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Bourbon exporters have succeeded in Japan where other industries have failed avoiding cultural hitches in marketing and distribution by allying themselves with local agents


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Jim ) ( NNP Beam ) ( NNPS Brands ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN distribution ) ( NN partnership ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Nikka ) ( NNP Whiskey ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN distiller ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Jim Beam Brands has a distribution partnership with Nikka Whiskey Co. a distiller


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Seagram ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ exports ) ( NP ( NNP Four ) ( NNPS Roses ) ( NN bourbon ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( NP ( PDT such ) ( DT a ) ( NN link ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNP Kirin ) ( NNP Brewery ) ( NNP Co ) ) ) ) ) )

Seagram Co. which exports Four Roses bourbon has such a link with Kirin Brewery Co


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Some ) ( NN bourbon ) ( NNS makers ) ) ( VP ( VBP advertise ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB abroad ) ) ( SBAR-MNR ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( VP ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NN home ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Some bourbon makers advertise abroad as they do at home


( S ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO To ) ( VP ( VB promote ) ( NP ( NNP Jack ) ( NNP Daniel ) ( POS 's ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( NN overseas ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Brown-Forman ) ) ( VP ( VBZ uses ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ( NNS photos ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJ front ) ( NNS porches ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Lynchburg ) ) ( NP ( NNP Va. ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ avuncular ) ( JJ old ) ( NNS men ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS overalls ) ( CC and ) ( NNS hightops ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

To promote Jack Daniel 's overseas Brown-Forman uses the same photos of front porches from Lynchburg Va. and avuncular old men in overalls and hightops


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Jim ) ( NNP Beam ) ( NN print ) ( NNS ads ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ( VP ( VBP strike ) ( NP ( JJ different ) ( NNS chords ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ different ) ( NNS countries ) ) ) ) )

Jim Beam print ads however strike different chords in different countries


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Australia ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN land ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN outback ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN snapshot ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Jim ) ( NNP Beam ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ lies ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN strip ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ hand-tooled ) ( NN leather ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In Australia land of the outback a snapshot of Jim Beam lies on a strip of hand-tooled leather


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP West ) ( NNPS Germans ) ) ( VP ( VBP get ) ( NP ( NN glitz ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NN bourbon ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN foreground ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ posh ) ( NNP Beverly ) ( NNP Hills ) ( NN hotel ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN background ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

West Germans get glitz with bourbon in the foreground and a posh Beverly Hills hotel in the background


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Ads ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP England ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ artsy ) ( CC and ) ( JJ irreverent ) ) ) )

Ads for England are artsy and irreverent


( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD One ) ( NN ad ) ) ( VP ( VBZ features ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ huge ) ( NN robot ) ) ( VP ( VBG carrying ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ voluptuous ) ( NN woman ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ faint ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

One ad features a huge robot carrying a voluptuous woman in a faint


( NP ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN tagline ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB only ) ) ( VBD asked ) ( SBAR ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( VBD wanted ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Jim ) ( NNP Beam ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The tagline I only asked if she wanted a Jim Beam


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ nondescript ) ( NN office ) ( NN building ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB south ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Los ) ( NNP Angeles ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJ human ) ( NN behavior ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VP ( VBN monitored ) ) ( VP ( VBN dissected ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB ultimately ) ) ( VBN manipulated ) ) ) ) ) )

In a nondescript office building south of Los Angeles human behavior is being monitored dissected and ultimately manipulated


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT A ) ( RB squiggly ) ( NN line ) ) ( VP ( VBZ snakes ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN across ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN video ) ( NN screen ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG gyrating ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB erratically ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS subjects ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ hand-held ) ( NNS computers ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP register ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ second-by-second ) ( NNS reactions ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN speaker ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS remarks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A squiggly line snakes across a video screen gyrating erratically as subjects with hand-held computers register their second-by-second reactions to a speaker 's remarks


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NN Agreement ) ( NN disapproval ) ( NN boredom ) ( CC and ) ( NN distraction ) ) ( NP ( DT all ) ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN inferred ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS subjects ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN twist ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN dial ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Agreement disapproval boredom and distraction all can be inferred from the subjects ' twist of a dial


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT another ) ( NN experiment ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ elaborate ) ( NN chart ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NN color ) ( NNS codes ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ reveals ) ( SBAR ( SBAR ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB how ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS people ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS opinions ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN shaped ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-4 ( WRB how ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN reshaped ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In another experiment an elaborate chart with color codes reveals how people 's opinions were shaped and how they can be reshaped


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Donald ) ( NNP Vinson ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ oversees ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS experiments ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB n't ) ( NP-PRD ( DT some ) ( JJ white-coated ) ( NN researcher ) ) ) )

Donald Vinson who oversees the experiments is n't some white-coated researcher


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBZ heads ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN nation ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJS largest ) ( JJ legal ) ( VBG consulting ) ( NN firm ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG helping ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ corporate ) ( NNP America ) ) ( VP ( VB prepare ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ high-stakes ) ( NN litigation ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG predicting ) ( CC and ) ( VBG shaping ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS jurors ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NNS reactions ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He heads Litigation Sciences Inc. the nation 's largest legal consulting firm which is helping corporate America prepare for high-stakes litigation by predicting and shaping jurors ' reactions


( S ( PP ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN process ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB quietly ) ( CC but ) ( RB inexorably ) ) ( VBG reshaping ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN world ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN law ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In the process Litigation Sciences is quietly but inexorably reshaping the world of law


( S ( S ( UCP-PRD ( ADJP ( RB Little ) ( VBN known ) ( PP-LOC ( IN outside ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ legal ) ( NN world ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN powerhouse ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( IN within ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN unit ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Saatchi ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Saatchi ) ( NNP PLC ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ employs ) ( NP ( QP ( RBR more ) ( IN than ) ( CD 100 ) ) ( NX ( NX ( NNS psychologists ) ) ( NX ( NNS sociologists ) ) ( NX ( NNS marketers ) ) ( NX ( JJ graphic ) ( NNS artists ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( NNS technicians ) ) ) ) ) )

Little known outside the legal world but a powerhouse within Litigation Sciences a unit of Saatchi & Saatchi PLC employs more than 100 psychologists sociologists marketers graphic artists and technicians


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( CD Twenty-one ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NNS workers ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( NNP Ph. ) ( NNP D.s ) ) ) )

Twenty-one of its workers are Ph. D.s


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN Among ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS services ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN firm ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ provides ) ( NP ( JJ pre-trial ) ( NN opinion ) ( NNS polls ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ creates ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS profiles ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ ideal ) ( NNS jurors ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( NNS sets ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ mock ) ( NNS trials ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN shadow ) ( NNS juries ) ) ) ) ( VP ( NNS coaches ) ( NP ( NNS lawyers ) ( CC and ) ( NNS witnesses ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ designs ) ( NP ( NN courtroom ) ( NNS graphics ) ) ) ) )

Among other services the firm provides pre-trial opinion polls creates profiles of ideal jurors sets up mock trials and shadow juries coaches lawyers and witnesses and designs courtroom graphics


( S ( PP ( ADVP ( RB Much ) ) ( IN like ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS cohorts ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ political ) ( NN consulting ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN product ) ( NN marketing ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN litigation ) ( NNS advisers ) ) ( VP ( VBP encourage ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS clients ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB play ) ( PRT ( RP down ) ) ( NP ( JJ complex ) ( CC or ) ( JJ ambiguous ) ( NNS matters ) ) ) ( VP ( VB simplify ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS messages ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB provide ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN target ) ( NNS audiences ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ psychological ) ( NN craving ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBN desired ) ( NN choice ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Much like their cohorts in political consulting and product marketing the litigation advisers encourage their clients to play down complex or ambiguous matters simplify their messages and provide their target audiences with a psychological craving to make the desired choice


( S ( PP ( IN With ) ( S-NOM ( NP-SBJ ( NN jury ) ( NNS verdicts ) ) ( VP ( VBG getting ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJR bigger ) ) ( NP-TMP ( PDT all ) ( DT the ) ( NN time ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS companies ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB increasingly ) ( JJ willing ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB pay ) ( NP ( JJ huge ) ( NNS sums ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( NN advice ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

With jury verdicts getting bigger all the time companies are increasingly willing to pay huge sums for such advice


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Recently ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ) ( VP ( VBD helped ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Pennzoil ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( VP ( VB win ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 10.5 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ( NN jury ) ( NN verdict ) ) ( PP ( IN against ) ( NP ( NNP Texaco ) ( NNP Inc ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Recently Litigation Sciences helped Pennzoil Co. win a 10.5 billion jury verdict against Texaco Inc


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBD advised ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP National ) ( NNP Football ) ( NNP League ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( ADJP ( RB largely ) ( JJ successful ) ) ( NN defense ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ antitrust ) ( NNS charges ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP United ) ( NNPS States ) ( NNP Football ) ( NNP League ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It advised the National Football League in its largely successful defense of antitrust charges by the United States Football League


( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD helped ) ( VP ( VB win ) ( NP ( NN defense ) ( NNS verdicts ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN product-liability ) ( NNS suits ) ) ( PP ( VBG involving ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS scores ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS products ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG ranging ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Firestone ) ( CD 500 ) ( NNS tires ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ anti-nausea ) ( NN drug ) ) ( NP ( NNP Bendectin ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And it helped win defense verdicts in product-liability suits involving scores of products ranging from Firestone 500 tires to the anti-nausea drug Bendectin


( S ( PP ( ADVP ( RB Largely ) ) ( IN as ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN result ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RBR more ) ( IN than ) ) ( VBN doubled ) ( PP-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN size ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ past ) ( CD two ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ) )

Largely as a result Litigation Sciences has more than doubled in size in the past two years


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ Its ) ( CD 1988 ) ( NN revenue ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( QP ( CD 25 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) )

Its 1988 revenue was 25 million


( S ( S ( ADVP ( RB Meanwhile ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS competitors ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN spawned ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB almost ) ( RB daily ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( QP ( DT some ) ( CD 300 ) ) ( JJ new ) ( NNS businesses ) ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ many ) ) ( NP ( JJ just ) ( NN one-person ) ( NNS shops ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN sprung ) ( PRT ( IN up ) ) ) ) ) )

Meanwhile competitors are being spawned almost daily some 300 new businesses many just one-person shops have sprung up


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Vinson ) ) ( VP ( VBZ estimates ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN industry ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ total ) ( NNS revenues ) ) ( VP ( VBP approach ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 200 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Vinson estimates the industry 's total revenues approach 200 million


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( JJ high-stakes ) ( NN case ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ sure ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( CD one ) ( NN side ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ other ) ) ( CC or ) ( ADVP ( RB even ) ) ( NP ( DT both ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG using ) ( NP ( NN litigation ) ( NNS consultants ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In any high-stakes case you can be sure that one side or the other or even both is using litigation consultants


( S ( PP ( IN Despite ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN ubiquity ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS consultants ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( RB n't ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB entirely ) ( JJ welcome ) ) ) )

Despite their ubiquity the consultants are n't entirely welcome


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Some ) ( NNS lawyers ) ( CC and ) ( NNS scholars ) ) ( VP ( VBP see ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ social ) ( NNS scientists ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN vision ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ American ) ( NN jury ) ( NN system ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ far ) ( NN cry ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN ideal ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBN presented ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS civics ) ( NNS texts ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBN memorialized ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN movie ) ( NN screen ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Some lawyers and scholars see the social scientists ' vision of the American jury system as a far cry from the ideal presented in civics texts and memorialized on the movie screen


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN film ) ( NN classic ) ) ( NP-TTL ( NNP Twelve ) ( NNP Angry ) ( NNPS Men ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN crucible ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS deliberations ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ unmasks ) ( NP ( NP ( DT each ) ( NN juror ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN bias ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ purges ) ( NP-1 ( PRP it ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG playing ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN role ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN verdict ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In the film classic Twelve Angry Men the crucible of deliberations unmasks each juror 's bias and purges it from playing a role in the verdict


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN After ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS hours ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN conflict ) ( CC and ) ( NN debate ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( IN that ) ( NN jury ) ) ( VP ( VBZ focuses ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS facts ) ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ near-perfect ) ( NN objectivity ) ) ) ) )

After hours of conflict and debate that jury focuses on the facts with near-perfect objectivity


( S ( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( JJ real ) ( NN life ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS jurors ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( RB not ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB always ) ) ( VP ( VB work ) ( NP-MNR ( DT that ) ( NN way ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT some ) ( NN court ) ( NNS observers ) ) ( VP ( VBP question ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB why ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD should ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN encouraged ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB do ) ( ADVP ( RB so ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CONJP ( RB rather ) ( IN than ) ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN programmed ) ( S ( RB not ) ( VP ( TO to ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In real life jurors may not always work that way but some court observers question why they should n't be encouraged to do so rather than be programmed not to


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Litigation ) ( NN consulting ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( NN trial ) ( NN attorney ) ( NNP Donald ) ( NNP Zoeller ) ) ( VP ( VBZ puts ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB highly ) ( JJ manipulative ) ) ) )

Litigation consulting is as New York trial attorney Donald Zoeller puts it highly manipulative


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBZ adds ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN notion ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP try ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB sell ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS juries ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( NP ( NNS decisions ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB rationally ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He adds The notion they try to sell is that juries do n't make decisions rationally


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( NN effort ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN made ) ( S-1 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB try ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB cause ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS jurors ) ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB decide ) ( NP ( NNS things ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB rationally ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But the effort is also being made to try and cause jurors not to decide things rationally


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VBP find ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ troubling ) ) ) ) )

I find it troubling


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Zoeller ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBZ acknowledges ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS consultants ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB very ) ( JJ effective ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But Mr. Zoeller also acknowledges that consultants can be very effective


( S ( S-TPC-3 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( VP ( VBN gotten ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN point ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB where ) ) ( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN case ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ large ) ( RB enough ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADVP ( RB almost ) ) ( NP-PRD ( NN malpractice ) ) ( S-2 ( RB not ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB use ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) )

It 's gotten to the point where if the case is large enough it 's almost malpractice not to use them he says


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Others ) ) ( VP ( VBP complain ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS consultants ) ( POS ' ) ) ( VBG growing ) ( NN influence ) ) ( VP ( VBZ exacerbates ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN advantage ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS litigants ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ wealthy ) ( RB enough ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB afford ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( JJ pricey ) ( NNS services ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Others complain that the consultants ' growing influence exacerbates the advantage of litigants wealthy enough to afford such pricey services


( SINV ( S-TPC-3 ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ affluent ) ( NNS people ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS corporations ) ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB buy ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ poor ) ( NNS radicals ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ political ) ( NNS cases ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP get ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( JJ free ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN everybody ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( PP ( IN between ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( PP-PRD ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN disadvantage ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( RB not ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN kind ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN system ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBP want ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Amitai ) ( NNP Etzioni ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ prominent ) ( NN sociologist ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ teaches ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP George ) ( NNP Washington ) ( NNP University ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The affluent people and the corporations can buy it the poor radicals in political cases get it free and everybody in between is at a disadvantage and that 's not the kind of system we want says Amitai Etzioni a prominent sociologist who teaches at George Washington University


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJ Sophisticated ) ( NN trial ) ( NN consulting ) ) ( VP ( VBD grew ) ( ADVP ( RB ironically ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ radical ) ( JJ political ) ( NNS movements ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 1960s ) ( CC and ) ( CD 1970s ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN before ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG finding ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( ADJP ( JJR more ) ( JJ lucrative ) ) ( NN calling ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ big ) ( JJ commercial ) ( NNS cases ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Sophisticated trial consulting grew ironically from the radical political movements of the 1960s and 1970s before finding its more lucrative calling in big commercial cases


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP Harrisburg ) ( CD 7 ) ( NN trial ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1972 ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-2 ( IN in ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Daniel ) ( NNP Berrigan ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNS others ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN charged ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG plotting ) ( NP ( JJ anti-war-related ) ( NN violence ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( NN landmark ) ) ) )

The Harrisburg 7 trial in 1972 in which Daniel Berrigan and others were charged with plotting anti-war-related violence was a landmark


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT that ) ( NN case ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN group ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ left-leaning ) ( NNS sociologists ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD interviewed ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 252 ) ( VBN registered ) ( NNS voters ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN around ) ( NP ( NNP Harrisburg ) ) ) ) ) )

In that case a group of left-leaning sociologists interviewed 252 registered voters around Harrisburg


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS researchers ) ) ( VP ( VBD discovered ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNPS Episcopalians ) ) ( NP ( NNPS Presbyterians ) ) ( NP ( NNPS Methodists ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN fundamantalist ) ( NNPS Protestants ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADVP ( RB nearly ) ( RB always ) ) ( PP-PRD ( IN against ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS defendants ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NNS lawyers ) ) ( VP ( VBN resolved ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB try ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB keep ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP them ) ) ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN off ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN jury ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The researchers discovered that Episcopalians Presbyterians Methodists and fundamantalist Protestants were nearly always against the defendants the lawyers resolved to try to keep them off the jury


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN defense ) ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VBD learned ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ college-educated ) ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB uncharacteristically ) ( JJ conservative ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Vietnam ) ( NNP War ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The defense also learned that college-educated people were uncharacteristically conservative about the Vietnam War


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT A ) ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ blue-collar ) ) ( NN panel ) ) ( VP ( VBD became ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( JJ second ) ( NN aim ) ) ) )

A more blue-collar panel became a second aim


( S ( ADVP ( RB Ultimately ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ( ADJP ( RB carefully ) ( VBN picked ) ) ( NN jury ) ) ( VP ( VBN deadlocked ) ( PP-MNR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( CD 10-2 ) ( NN vote ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB acquit ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( NN prosecution ) ) ( VP ( VBD decided ) ( S ( RB not ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB retry ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN case ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Ultimately that carefully picked jury deadlocked with a 10-2 vote to acquit and the prosecution decided not to retry the case


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Litigation ) ( NN consulting ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN arrived ) ) ) )

Litigation consulting had arrived


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN fledgling ) ( NN science ) ) ( VP ( VBD went ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ corporate ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 1977 ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP International ) ( NNP Business ) ( NNPS Machines ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( VP ( VBD hired ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN marketing ) ( NN professor ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB help ) ( S ( VP ( VB defend ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ complex ) ( JJ antitrust ) ( NN case ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The fledgling science went corporate in 1977 when International Business Machines Corp. hired a marketing professor to help defend a complex antitrust case


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN problem ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP IBM ) ( NN trial ) ( NNS lawyers ) ( NNP Thomas ) ( NNP Barr ) ( CC and ) ( NNP David ) ( NNP Boies ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( SBAR-PRD ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB how ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PDT such ) ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RB highly ) ( JJ technical ) ) ( NN case ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ understandable ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The problem for IBM trial lawyers Thomas Barr and David Boies was how to make such a highly technical case understandable


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN As ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN trial ) ) ( VP ( VBD progressed ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ eager ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB know ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN jury ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBG keeping ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

As the trial progressed they were eager to know if the jury was keeping up with them


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN solution ) ) ( VP ( VBN devised ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT the ) ( NN professor ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( S-PRD ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB hire ) ( NP ( NP ( CD six ) ( NNS people ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VP ( VB mirror ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ actual ) ( NN jury ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB demographically ) ) ) ( VP ( VB sit ) ( PRT ( RP in ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN trial ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB report ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS reactions ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP him ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The solution devised by the professor was to hire six people who would mirror the actual jury demographically sit in on the trial and report their reactions to him


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( ADVP ( RB then ) ) ( VP ( VBD briefed ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Messrs. ) ( NNP Boies ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Barr ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN chance ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB tilt ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ next ) ( NN day ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN presentation ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB accordingly ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He then briefed Messrs. Boies and Barr who had the chance to tilt their next day 's presentation accordingly


( S ( ADVP ( RB Thus ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN shadow ) ( NN jury ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN born ) ) ) )

Thus the shadow jury was born


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Vinson ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN professor ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD got ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN law ) ( NN bug ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD formed ) ( NP ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Vinson the professor got the law bug and formed Litigation Sciences


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP IBM ) ) ( VP ( VBD won ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN case ) ) ) )

IBM won the case


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJS hardest ) ( NN thing ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( JJ complex ) ( NN case ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( S-PRD ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB retain ) ( NP ( NP ( NN objectivity ) ) ( CC and ) ( PRN ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT some ) ( NN sense ) ) ) ) ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( NN ignorance ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Boies ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Cravath ) ( NNP Swaine ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Moore ) ) ) ) )

The hardest thing in any complex case is to retain objectivity and in some sense your ignorance says Mr. Boies of Cravath Swaine & Moore


( S ( SBAR-NOM-SBJ ( WHNP-2 ( WP What ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP look ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN shadow ) ( NN jury ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADVP ( RB very ) ( RB much ) ) ( SBAR-NOM-PRD ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP give ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( VBG opening ) ( NN argument ) ) ( PP-DTV ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( NN wife ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN friend ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP get ) ( NP ( NP ( DT some ) ( NN response ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

What you look for in a shadow jury is very much what you do when you give an opening argument to your wife or a friend and get some response to it


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT A ) ( NN shadow ) ( NN jury ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN way ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB do ) ( NP ( DT that ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ systematic ) ( CC and ) ( VBN organized ) ) ( NN way ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A shadow jury is a way to do that in a more systematic and organized way


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN approach ) ) ( VP ( VBD worked ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB well ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ recent ) ( JJ antitrust ) ( NN case ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-1 ( IN in ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Energy ) ( NNP Transportation ) ( NNPS Systems ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( VP ( VBD sued ) ( NP ( NNP Santa ) ( NNP Fe ) ( NNP Pacific ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN over ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN transport ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ semi-liquefied ) ( NN coal ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN kind ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN case ) ) ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ likely ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( RB almost ) ( NN anyone ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS eyes ) ) ( VP ( VB glaze ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB over ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The approach worked well in the recent antitrust case in which Energy Transportation Systems Inc. sued Santa Fe Pacific Corp. over the transport of semi-liquefied coal the kind of case likely to make almost anyone 's eyes glaze over


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Energy ) ( NNP Transportation ) ) ( VP ( VBD retained ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ) ( PRN ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN cost ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( JJ several ) ( CD hundred ) ( CD thousand ) ) ( NNS dollars ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB poll ) ( VB pre-try ) ( VB profile ) ( CC and ) ( VB shadow ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Energy Transportation retained Litigation Sciences at a cost of several hundred thousand dollars to poll pre-try profile and shadow


( S ( PP-TMP ( ADVP ( RB Just ) ) ( IN before ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ actual ) ( VBG closing ) ( NNS arguments ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN firm ) ) ( VP ( VBD put ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN case ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN vote ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD five ) ( NN shadow ) ( NNS jurors ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( NP ( DT each ) ) ( WHPP ( IN of ) ( WHNP ( WP whom ) ) ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN paid ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 150 ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN day ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Just before the actual closing arguments the firm put the case to a vote of the five shadow jurors each of whom was being paid 150 a day


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNS jurors ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD did ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB know ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT which ) ( NN side ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN retained ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD decided ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP Energy ) ( NNP Transportation ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBN awarded ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 500 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS damages ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The jurors who did n't know which side had retained them decided for Energy Transportation and awarded 500 million in damages


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ real ) ( NN jury ) ) ( VP ( VBD returned ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( NNS days ) ) ( RB later ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 345 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( NN victory ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP Energy ) ( NNP Transportation ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The real jury returned days later with a 345 million victory for Energy Transportation


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( PP-PRD ( ADVP ( RB just ) ) ( IN like ) ( NP ( NN weather ) ( NN forecasting ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Energy ) ( NNP Transportation ) ( NN trial ) ( NN attorney ) ( NNP Harry ) ( NNP Reasoner ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Vinson ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Elkins ) ) ) ) )

It 's just like weather forecasting says Energy Transportation trial attorney Harry Reasoner of Vinson & Elkins


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB often ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ wrong ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJR better ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG consulting ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ Indian ) ( NN rain ) ( NN dancer ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It 's often wrong but it 's better than consulting an Indian rain dancer


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Forecasting ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( RB only ) ( CD one ) ( NN part ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN work ) ) ) ) ) )

Forecasting is only one part of Litigation Sciences ' work


( S ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG Changing ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN outcome ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN trial ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-NOM-PRD ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( VP ( ADVP ( RB really ) ) ( VBZ matters ) ) ) ) ) )

Changing the outcome of the trial is what really matters


( S ( CC And ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ uninitiated ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT some ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN firm ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS approaches ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB seem ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB chillingly ) ( JJ manipulative ) ) ) ) )

And to the uninitiated some of the firm 's approaches may seem chillingly manipulative


( S ( ADVP ( RB Theoretically ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS jurors ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN supposed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB weigh ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN evidence ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN case ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB logically ) ( CC and ) ( RB objectively ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Theoretically jurors are supposed to weigh the evidence in a case logically and objectively


( S-1 ( ADVP ( RB Instead ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Vinson ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS interviews ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS thousands ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS jurors ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP reveal ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP start ) ( PP-MNR ( IN with ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB firmly ) ( VBN entrenched ) ) ( NNS attitudes ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP try ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB shoe-horn ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS facts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN case ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB fit ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS views ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Instead Mr. Vinson says interviews with thousands of jurors reveal that they start with firmly entrenched attitudes and try to shoe-horn the facts of the case to fit their views


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Pre-trial ) ( NN polling ) ) ( VP ( VBZ helps ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS consultants ) ) ( VP ( VB develop ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN profile ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ right ) ( NN type ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN juror ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Pre-trial polling helps the consultants develop a profile of the right type of juror


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN If ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN case ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-1 ( IN in ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN client ) ) ( VP ( VBZ seeks ) ( NP ( JJ punitive ) ( NNS damages ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN example ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( VBN depressed ) ( JJ underemployed ) ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADVP ( RB far ) ( RBR more ) ) ( JJ likely ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB grant ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

If it is a case in which the client seeks punitive damages for example depressed underemployed people are far more likely to grant them


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN Someone ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN master ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN degree ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ classical ) ( NNS arts ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ works ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNS deli ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ ideal ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ) ( VP ( VBZ advises ) ) )

Someone with a master 's degree in classical arts who works in a deli would be ideal Litigation Sciences advises


( SINV ( ADVP-PRD-TPC-1 ( RB So ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN someone ) ) ( ADJP ( RB recently ) ( VBN divorced ) ( CC or ) ( VBN widowed ) ) ) )

So would someone recently divorced or widowed


( S ( SBAR-PRP ( IN Since ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB generally ) ) ( VBZ represents ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN defense ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( NN job ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADVP ( RB usually ) ) ( S-PRD ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB help ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS lawyers ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VB identify ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB remove ) ) ( NP-1 ( JJ such ) ( NNS people ) ) ( PP-2 ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN jury ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Since Litigation Sciences generally represents the defense its job is usually to help the lawyers identify and remove such people from the jury


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( NN personal-injury ) ( NNS cases ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ) ( VP ( VBZ seeks ) ( NP ( NP ( NN defense ) ( NNS jurors ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP believe ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJS most ) ( NNS people ) ) ( PP ( VBG including ) ( NP ( NNS victims ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VB get ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-2 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP deserve ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For personal-injury cases Litigation Sciences seeks defense jurors who believe that most people including victims get what they deserve


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Such ) ( NNS people ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB typically ) ) ( VBP hold ) ( NP ( JJ negative ) ( NNS attitudes ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN toward ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( RB physically ) ( VBN handicapped ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ poor ) ) ( NP ( NNS blacks ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNS women ) ) ) ) ) )

Such people also typically hold negative attitudes toward the physically handicapped the poor blacks and women


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NNS consultants ) ) ( VP ( VBP help ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN defense ) ( NNS lawyers ) ) ( VP ( VB find ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( NNS jurors ) ) ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG asking ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS questions ) ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJ potential ) ( NNS jurors ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NNS attitudes ) ) ( PP ( PP ( IN toward ) ( NP ( NN volunteer ) ( NN work ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( PP ( IN toward ) ( NP ( JJ particular ) ( NNS movies ) ( CC or ) ( NNS books ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The consultants help the defense lawyers find such jurors by asking questions about potential jurors ' attitudes toward volunteer work or toward particular movies or books


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( NP ( JJ moral ) ( NNS distinctions ) ) ) ) )

Litigation Sciences does n't make moral distinctions


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN If ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN client ) ) ( VP ( VBZ needs ) ( NP ( JJ prejudiced ) ( NNS jurors ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN firm ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB help ) ( S ( VP ( VB find ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ) ) ) ) )

If a client needs prejudiced jurors the firm will help find them


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN As ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Vinson ) ) ( VP ( VBZ explains ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB control ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS facts ) ) ) ) )

As Mr. Vinson explains it We do n't control the facts


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( SBAR-NOM-PRD ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ) ) ) ) )

They are what they are


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT any ) ( NN lawyer ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB select ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS facts ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN strategy ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB employ ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But any lawyer will select the facts and the strategy to employ


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ our ) ( NN system ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN advocacy ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN trial ) ( NN lawyer ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( NN duty ) ( VBN bound ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB present ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS best ) ( NN case ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( ADVP ( RB possibly ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In our system of advocacy the trial lawyer is duty bound to present the best case he possibly can


( S ( SBAR-TMP ( RB Once ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT a ) ( NN jury ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN selected ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( NNS consultants ) ) ( ADVP ( RB often ) ) ( VP ( VBP continue ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB determine ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-3 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS jurors ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NNS attitudes ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ likely ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB help ) ( S ( VP ( VB shape ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS lawyers ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN presentation ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB accordingly ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Once a jury is selected the consultants often continue to determine what the jurors ' attitudes are likely to be and help shape the lawyers ' presentation accordingly


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Logic ) ) ( VP ( VBZ plays ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ minimal ) ( NN role ) ) ( NP-LOC ( RB here ) ) ) )

Logic plays a minimal role here


( SINV ( ADJP-PRD-TPC-2 ( RBR More ) ( JJ important ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ) ( SBAR-NOM-SBJ ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP LSI ) ) ( VP ( VBZ calls ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( NP ( JJ psychological ) ( NNS anchors ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ few ) ( JJ focal ) ( NNS points ) ) ( VP ( VBN calculated ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB appeal ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN jury ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN gut ) ( NN level ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

More important are what LSI calls psychological anchors a few focal points calculated to appeal to the jury on a gut level


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( CD one ) ( NN personal-injury ) ( NN case ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN woman ) ) ( VP ( VBD claimed ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN injured ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( VBD slipped ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN pool ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN fall ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB explain ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-4 ( WRB why ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( CD one ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ her ) ( NNS arms ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN discolored ) ( S-ADV ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ bluish ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In one personal-injury case a woman claimed she had been injured when she slipped in a pool but the fall did n't explain why one of her arms was discolored bluish


( S ( PP-MNR ( IN By ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( ADVP ( RB repeatedly ) ) ( VBG drawing ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN jury ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN attention ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN arm ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN defense ) ( NNS lawyers ) ) ( VP ( VBD planted ) ( NP ( NP ( NN doubt ) ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN origin ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN woman ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS injuries ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

By repeatedly drawing the jury 's attention to the arm the defense lawyers planted doubt about the origin of the woman 's injuries


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN ploy ) ) ( VP ( VBD worked ) ) )

The ploy worked


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN defense ) ) ( VP ( VBD won ) ) )

The defense won


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ classic ) ( NN defense ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN personal-injury ) ( NN case ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS consultants ) ) ( VP ( VBP concentrate ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG encouraging ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN jury ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB shift ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN blame ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In a classic defense of a personal-injury case the consultants concentrate on encouraging the jury to shift the blame


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ ideal ) ( NN defense ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN case ) ) ( PP ( VBG involving ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN accident ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( S-PRD ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB persuade ) ( NP-1 ( DT the ) ( NNS jurors ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB hold ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN accident ) ( NN victim ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ responsible ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( CC or ) ( PRP$ her ) ( NN plight ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Vinson ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN written ) ) ) )

The ideal defense in a case involving an accident is to persuade the jurors to hold the accident victim responsible for his or her plight Mr. Vinson has written


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ Slick ) ( NNS graphics ) ) ( VP ( VBN pre-tested ) ( PP-PRP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN effectiveness ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBP play ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ major ) ( NN role ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Litigation ) ( NNPS Sciences ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN operation ) ) ) ) ) )

Slick graphics pre-tested for effectiveness also play a major role in Litigation Sciences ' operation


( S-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Studies ) ) ( VP ( VBP show ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS consultants ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP absorb ) ( NP ( NN information ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB better ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP remember ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( ADVP ( RBR longer ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP receive ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB visually ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Studies show the consultants say that people absorb information better and remember it longer if they receive it visually


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Computer-generated ) ( NNS videos ) ) ( VP ( VBP help ) ) )

Computer-generated videos help


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ average ) ( NNP American ) ) ( VP ( VBZ watches ) ( NP ( NP ( CD seven ) ( NNS hours ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN TV ) ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN day ) ) ) ) )

The average American watches seven hours of TV a day


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB very ) ( RB visually ) ( JJ sophisticated ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ explains ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP LSI ) ( NNS graphics ) ( NN specialist ) ( NNP Robert ) ( NNP Seltzer ) ) )

They are very visually sophisticated explains LSI graphics specialist Robert Seltzer


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Lawyers ) ) ( VP ( VBP remain ) ( ADJP-PRD ( VBN divided ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( SBAR ( IN whether ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN anything ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ wrong ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( PDT all ) ( DT this ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Lawyers remain divided about whether anything is wrong with all this


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Supporters ) ) ( VP ( VBP acknowledge ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN process ) ) ( VP ( VBZ aims ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB manipulate ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP insist ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJS best ) ( NN trial ) ( NNS lawyers ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB always ) ) ( VP ( VBN employed ) ( NP ( JJ similar ) ( NNS tactics ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Supporters acknowledge that the process aims to manipulate but they insist that the best trial lawyers have always employed similar tactics