( S ( PP ( PP ( IN With ) ( S-NOM ( NP-SBJ ( NNS newspapers ) ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS largest ) ( JJ single ) ( NN component ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ solid ) ( NN waste ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( PRP$ our ) ( NNS landfills ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( S-NOM ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ our ) ( NN country ) ) ( VP ( VBG overflowing ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NN trash ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( DT all ) ( NNS sectors ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ our ) ( NN society ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT all ) ( NNS types ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS businesses ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD must ) ( VP ( VB become ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RBR more ) ( JJ responsible ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ our ) ( NN use ) ( CC and ) ( NN disposal ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ precious ) ( JJ natural ) ( NNS resources ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

With newspapers being the largest single component of solid waste in our landfills and with our country overflowing with trash all sectors of our society and all types of businesses must become more responsible in our use and disposal of precious natural resources


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP Wall ) ( NNP Street ) ( NNP Journal ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ excellent ) ( NN publication ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP enjoy ) ( S ( VP ( VBG reading ) ) ) ) ( PRN ( CC and ) ( VP ( MD must ) ( VP ( VB read ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB daily ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Wall Street Journal is an excellent publication that I enjoy reading and must read daily


( S ( VP ( VB Please ) ( VP ( VP ( VB make ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP me ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS thousands ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS readers ) ) ) ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RBR more ) ( JJ comfortable ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ our ) ( JJ daily ) ( NN purchase ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( NN newspaper ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG raising ) ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( JJ environmental ) ( NNS standards ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( ADJP ( JJ overall ) ( JJ impeccable ) ) ( NN quality ) ( NNS levels ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB increase ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( NN use ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ recycled ) ( NN paper ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Please make me and thousands of other readers more comfortable with our daily purchase of your newspaper by raising your environmental standards to your overall impeccable quality levels and increase your use of recycled paper


( NP ( NNP Virginia ) ( NNP M.W. ) ( NNP Gardiner ) )

Virginia M.W. Gardiner


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 19 ) ( NN review ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP-TTL ( DT The ) ( NN Misanthrope ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Chicago ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Goodman ) ( NNP Theatre ) ) ) ) ) ( PRN ( S-HLN ( NP-SBJ ( VBN Revitalized ) ( NNS Classics ) ) ( VP ( VBP Take ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN Stage ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Windy ) ( NNP City ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NN Leisure ) ( CC & ) ( NNS Arts ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN role ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Celimene ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN played ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Kim ) ( NNP Cattrall ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB mistakenly ) ) ( VBN attributed ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Christina ) ( NNP Haag ) ) ) ) ) )

In an Oct. 19 review of The Misanthrope at Chicago 's Goodman Theatre Revitalized Classics Take the Stage in Windy City Leisure & Arts the role of Celimene played by Kim Cattrall was mistakenly attributed to Christina Haag


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Ms. ) ( NNP Haag ) ) ( VP ( VBZ plays ) ( NP ( NNP Elianti ) ) ) )

Ms. Haag plays Elianti


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN amendment ) ) ( VP ( VBN offered ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNP Rep. ) ( NNP Douglas ) ( NNP Bosco ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( NNP D. ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NNP Calif. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN approved ) ( ADVP ( JJ 283-132 ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN during ) ( NP ( NP ( NN debate ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN bill ) ) ( VP ( VBN designed ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB strengthen ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Transportation ) ( NNP Department ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN authority ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG dealing ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ leveraged ) ( NNS buy-outs ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS airlines ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The amendment offered by Rep. Douglas Bosco D. Calif. was approved 283-132 during debate on a bill designed to strengthen the Transportation Department 's authority in dealing with leveraged buy-outs of airlines


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN bill ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB require ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN agency ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB block ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN acquisition ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 15 ) ( NN % ) ( CC or ) ( JJR more ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN airline ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN stock ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN purchase ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD threatened ) ( NP ( NN safety ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD reduced ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN carrier ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN ability ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB compete ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( VBD put ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN airline ) ) ( PP-PUT ( IN under ) ( NP ( JJ foreign ) ( NN control ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The bill would require the agency to block the acquisition of 15 % or more of an airline 's stock if the purchase threatened safety reduced the carrier 's ability to compete or put the airline under foreign control


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NN Debate ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN legislation ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-238 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ faces ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN veto ) ( NN threat ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP President ) ( NNP Bush ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB continue ) ( NP-TMP ( NN today ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Debate on the legislation which faces a veto threat from President Bush is to continue today


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN amendment ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB require ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN department ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB block ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN purchase ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ major ) ( NN airline ) ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NP ( NN anyone ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-239 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN run ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD two ) ( CC or ) ( JJR more ) ) ( NNS carriers ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-240 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN filed ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NN protection ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNS creditors ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN under ) ( NP ( NP ( NN Chapter ) ( CD 11 ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Bankruptcy ) ( NNP Code ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The amendment would require the department to block the purchase of a major airline by anyone who has run two or more carriers that have filed for protection from creditors under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( CD 1983 ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Texas ) ( NNP Air ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Continental ) ( NNPS Airlines ) ) ( VP ( VBD filed ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN bankruptcy ) ) ) ) )

In 1983 Texas Air 's Continental Airlines filed for bankruptcy


( S ( NP-TMP ( RBR Earlier ) ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Texas ) ( NNP Air ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Eastern ) ( NNPS Airlines ) ) ( VP ( VBD filed ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN bankruptcy ) ) ) ) )

Earlier this year Texas Air 's Eastern Airlines filed for bankruptcy


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT This ) ) ( VP ( MD ought ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN subtitled ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( S-TTL ( VP ( VBP Do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB let ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Frank ) ( NNP Lorenzo ) ) ( VP ( VB take ) ( PRT ( RP over ) ) ( NP ( DT another ) ( NN airline ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NN amendment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Rep. ) ( NNP James ) ( NNP Oberstar ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( NNP D. ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NNP Minn. ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN chairman ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP House ) ( NN aviation ) ( NN subcommittee ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-241 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD argued ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN provision ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unnecessary ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN bill ) ) ( ADVP ( RB already ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB give ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN department ) ) ( NP ( JJ ample ) ( NN power ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB block ) ( NP ( JJ undesirable ) ( NNS deals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

This ought to be subtitled the Do n't let Frank Lorenzo take over another airline amendment said Rep. James Oberstar D. Minn. chairman of the House aviation subcommittee who argued that the provision was unnecessary because the bill already would give the department ample power to block undesirable deals


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Fibreboard ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD completed ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( RB previously ) ( JJ reported ) ) ( NN sale ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB approximately ) ( CD 27,500 ) ) ( NNS acres ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN timberland ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN near ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Truckee ) ) ( NP ( NNP Calif. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( RB closely ) ( JJ held ) ) ( NNP Sierra ) ( NNP Pacific ) ( NNPS Industries ) ( NNP Corp. ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NP ( NNP Arcata ) ) ( NP ( NNP Calif. ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 32.5 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Fibreboard Corp. said it completed the previously reported sale of approximately 27,500 acres of timberland near Truckee Calif. to closely held Sierra Pacific Industries Corp. Arcata Calif. for 32.5 million


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN lumber ) ( NN insulation ) ( CC and ) ( NN fireproofing ) ( NN concern ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN transaction ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-149 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ includes ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN swap ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NN timber ) ( NNS interests ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB result ) ( PP-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 13.5 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( JJ after-tax ) ( NN gain ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN recorded ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ fourth ) ( NN quarter ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The lumber insulation and fireproofing concern said the transaction which includes a swap of other timber interests would result in a 13.5 million after-tax gain to be recorded in the fourth quarter


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Erwin ) ( NNP Tomash ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ 67-year-old ) ( NN founder ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN maker ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS data ) ( NNS communications ) ( NNS products ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ former ) ( NX ( NX ( NN chairman ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( JJ chief ) ( NN executive ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD resigned ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN director ) ) ) ) )

Erwin Tomash the 67-year-old founder of this maker of data communications products and a former chairman and chief executive resigned as a director


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNPS Dataproducts ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG fighting ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ hostile ) ( NN tender ) ( NN offer ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP DPC ) ( NNP Acquisition ) ( NNPS Partners ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN group ) ) ( VP ( VBN led ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( ADJP ( NNP New ) ( JJ York-based ) ) ( NNP Crescott ) ( NNPS Investments ) ( NNPS Associates ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Dataproducts is fighting a hostile tender offer by DPC Acquisition Partners a group led by New York-based Crescott Investments Associates


( S-2 ( PP-LOC ( IN Under ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS circumstances ) ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNPS Dataproducts ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Tomash ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unable ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB devote ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN time ) ) ( VP ( JJ required ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( RB because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS commitments ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Under the circumstances Dataproducts said Mr. Tomash said he was unable to devote the time required because of other commitments


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Tomash ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB remain ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN director ) ( NN emeritus ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Tomash will remain as a director emeritus


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN company ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( NP ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN comment ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( SBAR ( IN whether ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-47 ( DT a ) ( NN replacement ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN named ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The company had no comment on whether a replacement would be named


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJ South ) ( JJ Korean ) ( NN consumer ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ first ) ( CD 10 ) ( NNS months ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG matching ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN government ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN target ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ entire ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Bank ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Korea ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Economic ) ( NNP Planning ) ( NNP Board ) ) ) ) ) ) )

South Korean consumer prices rose 5 % in the first 10 months of this year matching the government 's target for the entire year according to the Bank of Korea and the Economic Planning Board


( S ( PP ( VBG According ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS reports ) ) ( VP ( VBN released ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT the ) ( CD two ) ( NN government ) ( NNS agencies ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ domestic ) ( UCP ( NN consumer ) ( CC and ) ( JJ wholesale ) ) ( NNS prices ) ) ) ( DT each ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( PP-EXT ( IN by ) ( NP ( CD 0.2 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP October ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ previous ) ( NN month ) ) ) ) )

According to reports released by the two government agencies domestic consumer and wholesale prices each rose by 0.2 % in October from the previous month


( S ( PP-PRP ( IN As ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN result ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NN consumer ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ first ) ( CD 10 ) ( NNS months ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 1989 ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD surged ) ( PP-EXT-2 ( IN by ) ( NP ( CD 5 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ=1 ( JJ wholesale ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( PP-EXT=2 ( IN by ) ( NP ( CD 1.3 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) )

As a result consumer prices for the first 10 months of 1989 surged by 5 % and wholesale prices by 1.3 %


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ South ) ( JJ Korean ) ( NN government ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBG projecting ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN consumer ) ( NN price ) ( NN increase ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ entire ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The South Korean government had been projecting a 5 % consumer price increase for the entire year


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN government ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ primary ) ( JJ economic-forecasting ) ( NN gauge ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( DT a ) ( JJ slight ) ( CD 0.2 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS economists ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN report ) ) ( VP ( VBD offered ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ little ) ( JJ new ) ( NN information ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN degree ) ) ( SBAR ( WHPP-1 ( TO to ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN economy ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG slowing ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The government 's primary economic-forecasting gauge rose a slight 0.2 % in September but economists said the report offered little new information on the degree to which the U.S. economy is slowing


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ small ) ( NN increase ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN index ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( VBG leading ) ( NNS indicators ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( S ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN climbed ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 0.5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP August ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unchanged ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP July ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( VP ( VB lend ) ( NP ( NN support ) ) ( PP-DTV ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN view ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN economy ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN slowed ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB noticeably ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The small increase in the index of leading indicators which had climbed 0.5 % in August but was unchanged in July does lend support to the view that the economy has slowed noticeably


( S ( ADVP ( RB However ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB give ) ( NP ( NP ( RB much ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN clue ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( SBAR ( IN whether ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN recession ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN horizon ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

However it does n't give much of a clue as to whether a recession is on the horizon


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB think ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ provides ) ( NP ( NP ( RB much ) ( JJ new ) ( NN information ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN economy ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Richard ) ( NNP Rippe ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN economist ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Dean ) ( NNP Witter ) ( NNP Reynolds ) ( NNP Inc ) ) ) ) ) )

I do n't think it provides much new information on the economy said Richard Rippe economist at Dean Witter Reynolds Inc


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB So ) ( RB far ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN index ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( VBG leading ) ( NNS indicators ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VP ( VBN risen ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD four ) ( NNS months ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN fallen ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD four ) ( NNS months ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD remained ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unchanged ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ other ) ( NN month ) ) ) ) ) ) )

So far this year the index of leading indicators has risen in four months fallen in four months and remained unchanged in the other month


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT another ) ( NN report ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NN yesterday ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Commerce ) ( NNP Department ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS sales ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( JJ single-family ) ( NNS houses ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD plunged ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 14 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ annual ) ( NN rate ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 618,000 ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( CD 719,000 ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP August ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In another report yesterday the Commerce Department said sales of new single-family houses plunged 14 % in September to an annual rate of 618,000 from 719,000 in August


( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT The ) ( NNS declines ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB particularly ) ) ( VBN pronounced ) ( PP-LOC ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Northeast ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP South ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB where ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Hurricane ) ( NNP Hugo ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( NN factor ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The declines were particularly pronounced in the Northeast and in the South where Hurricane Hugo was a factor


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN Although ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP September ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN weakness ) ) ( VP ( VBD followed ) ( NP ( NP ( CD two ) ( JJ strong ) ( NNS months ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN home ) ( NNS sales ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN decline ) ) ( VP ( VBZ supports ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS indications ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN drop ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN mortgage ) ( NNS rates ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( RBR earlier ) ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN had ) ( NP ( NP ( RB only ) ( DT a ) ( JJ limited ) ( JJ beneficial ) ( NN effect ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN housing ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Although September 's weakness followed two strong months for home sales the decline supports other indications that the drop in mortgage rates earlier this year has had only a limited beneficial effect on the housing market


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP September ) ( NN drop ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( JJS largest ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN since ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 19 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN drop ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP January ) ( CD 1982 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ monthly ) ( NNS changes ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN measure ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( ADVP ( RB even ) ( RBR less ) ) ( JJ reliable ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( NP ( DT those ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( JJ economic ) ( NNS indicators ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The September drop was the largest since a 19 % drop in January 1982 but monthly changes in this measure are even less reliable than those in other economic indicators


( S ( SBAR-PRP ( IN Because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-93 ( DT the ) ( NNS figures ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN based ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ small ) ( NN sample ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN department ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( NP ( CD 90 ) ( NN % ) ) ( JJ confident ) ( SBAR ( RB only ) ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ new-home ) ( NNS sales ) ) ( VP ( VBD fell ) ( ADVP-LOC-CLR ( RB somewhere ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( CD 23 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN during ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN month ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Because the figures are based on a small sample the department said it is 90 % confident only that new-home sales fell somewhere between 5 % and 23 % during the month


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN department ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ takes ) ( NP ( CD four ) ( NNS months ) ) ( S-1 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB establish ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN trend ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The department also said it takes four months to establish a trend


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB So ) ( RB far ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ( NP-SBJ-94 ( NP ( CD 534,000 ) ( ADJP ( RB newly ) ( VBN built ) ) ( NNS homes ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN sold ) ( ADVP-1 ( RB down ) ( NP ( CD 4.5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ like ) ( NNS months ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 1988 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

So far this year 534,000 newly built homes have been sold down 4.5 % from the like months of 1988


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN index ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( VBG leading ) ( NNS indicators ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD got ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ major ) ( NN boost ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN surge ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN consumer ) ( NNS expectations ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN as ) ( S ( VP ( VBN measured ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP University ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Michigan ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The index of leading indicators got a major boost in September from a surge in consumer expectations as measured by the University of Michigan


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT This ) ( NN measure ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN dropped ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB sharply ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP August ) ) ) ) ) )

This measure had dropped sharply in August


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP Commerce ) ( NNP Department ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( PP-PRP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN result ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ new ) ( NN adjustment ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN formula ) ) ( VP ( VBN used ) ( S-CLR ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB calculate ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN index ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-95 ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN influence ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN component ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN reduced ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Commerce Department said that as a result of a new adjustment to the formula used to calculate the index the influence of this component has been reduced


( S ( PP-TPC-2 ( IN Of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 11 ) ( NNS components ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN index ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB only ) ( CD three ) ) ( NNS others ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ( NP-1 ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN money ) ( NN supply ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN length ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ average ) ( NN work ) ( NN week ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN stock ) ( NNS prices ) ) ) ) )

Of the 11 components to the index only three others rose in September the money supply the length of the average work week and stock prices


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ Several ) ( NNS components ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-131 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP track ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN health ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBG manufacturing ) ( NN sector ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN economy ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD turned ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RB down ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ) )

Several components that track the health of the manufacturing sector of the economy turned down in September


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT These ) ) ( VP ( VBP include ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NNS orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ manufactured ) ( NN consumer ) ( NNS goods ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ lead ) ( NNS times ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN vendor ) ( NNS deliveries ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NN plant ) ( CC and ) ( NN equipment ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS backlogs ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS orders ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ durable ) ( NNS goods ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

These include new orders for manufactured consumer goods lead times on vendor deliveries orders for new plant and equipment and backlogs of orders for durable goods


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Meanwhile ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP National ) ( NNP Association ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNPS Manufacturers ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( NP-TMP ( NN yesterday ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ recent ) ( NN poll ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 53 ) ( NNS executives ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN board ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD found ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD 61 ) ( NN % ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB expect ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN recession ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB occur ) ( PP-TMP ( IN until ) ( UCP ( NP ( CD 1991 ) ) ( CC or ) ( ADVP ( RBR later ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Meanwhile the National Association of Manufacturers said yesterday a recent poll of 53 executives on its board found that 61 % do n't expect a recession to occur until 1991 or later


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN remainder ) ) ( VP ( VBP expect ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN downturn ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB begin ) ( FRAG ( PP-TMP ( ADVP ( RB sometime ) ) ( IN in ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The remainder expect a downturn to begin sometime in


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN Although ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS manufacturers ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB often ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ quick ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB call ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJR lower ) ( NN interest ) ( NNS rates ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( CD 60 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS executives ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB prefer ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP Fed ) ) ( VP ( VB keep ) ( NP ( NN inflation-fighting ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ top ) ( NN priority ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( RB even ) ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ) ( VP ( VBZ means ) ( NP ( JJR higher ) ( NNS rates ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Although manufacturers often are quick to call for lower interest rates 60 % of the executives said they would prefer that the Fed keep inflation-fighting as its top priority even if that means higher rates


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ other ) ( CD 40 ) ( NN % ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NNP Fed ) ) ( VP ( MD ought ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB worry ) ( ADVP ( RBR less ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN about ) ( NP ( NN inflation ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB bring ) ( NP ( NN interest ) ( NNS rates ) ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RP down ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The other 40 % said the Fed ought to worry less about inflation and bring interest rates down


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PDT All ) ( DT the ) ( NNS figures ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN adjusted ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB remove ) ( NP ( JJ usual ) ( JJ seasonal ) ( NNS patterns ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

All the figures are adjusted to remove usual seasonal patterns


( S ( ADVP-LOC-PRD-TPC-1 ( RB Here ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ net ) ( NNS contributions ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS components ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Commerce ) ( NNP Department ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN index ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( VBG leading ) ( NNS indicators ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Here are the net contributions of the components of the Commerce Department 's index of leading indicators


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN After ) ( NP ( JJ various ) ( NNS adjustments ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD produced ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 0.5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN rise ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN index ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP August ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 0.2 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN rise ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ) ) ) )

After various adjustments they produced a 0.5 % rise in the index for August and a 0.2 % rise for September


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN change ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP August ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( PP-DIR-PRD ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 1.11 ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ previous ) ( NN month ) ) ) ) ) ) )

September and the change from August are from 1.11 in the previous month


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Liberty ) ( NNP National ) ( NNP Bancorp ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-31 ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN acquisition ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Florence ) ( NNP Deposit ) ( NNP Bank ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NP ( NNP Florence ) ) ( NP ( NNP Ky. ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( ADVP-TMP ( RB first ) ) ( VBN announced ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP April ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN completed ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN transaction ) ) ( VP ( VBN valued ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 13.1 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Liberty National Bancorp said its acquisition of Florence Deposit Bank Florence Ky. first announced in April has been completed in a transaction valued at 13.1 million


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Liberty ) ( NNP National ) ) ( VP ( VBD exchanged ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( IN about ) ( CD 78.64 ) ) ( NNS shares ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ common ) ( NN stock ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT each ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Florence ) ( NNP Deposit ) ( POS 's ) ) ( CD 5,600 ) ( NNS shares ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ outstanding ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Liberty National exchanged about 78.64 shares of its common stock for each of Florence Deposit 's 5,600 shares outstanding


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Liberty ) ( NNP National ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN bank ) ( VBG holding ) ( NN company ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS assets ) ) ( VP ( VBG exceeding ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 3 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Liberty National a bank holding company has assets exceeding 3 billion


( NP ( NP ( JJ Many ) ( NNS thanks ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Alexander ) ( NNP Cockburn ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ comic ) ( NN masterpiece ) ) ( PRN ( NP-TTL ( NP ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN Economy ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT A ) ( NN House ) ) ( VP ( VBN Built ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN Junk-Bond ) ( NN Sand ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NN Viewpoint ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 19 ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Many thanks for Alexander Cockburn 's comic masterpiece U.S. Economy A House Built on Junk-Bond Sand Viewpoint Oct. 19


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN use ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ abominable ) ( NN construction ) ( NNS practices ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Soviet ) ( NNP Union ) ) ) ( PRN ( SBAR ( IN as ) ( S ( VP ( VBN evidenced ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN collapse ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN sand ) ( NN apartment ) ( NNS blocks ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN during ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Armenian ) ( NN earthquake ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN metaphor ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( JJ economic ) ( NN system ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ sublime ) ( NN example ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Cockburn ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ satirical ) ( NN muse ) ) ) ) ) )

The use of the abominable construction practices in the Soviet Union as evidenced by the collapse of sand apartment blocks during the Armenian earthquake as a metaphor for the U.S. economic system was a sublime example of Mr. Cockburn 's satirical muse


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VBP await ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( NN sequel ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( JJ economic ) ( CC and ) ( JJ social ) ) ( NN resiliency ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP San ) ( NNP Francisco ) ( NNP Bay ) ( NN area ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ outstanding ) ( NN work ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ local ) ( NNS governments ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ private ) ( JJ charitable ) ( NNS organizations ) ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB there ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS metaphors ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN supremacy ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-1 ( WDT whatever ) ( JJ failed ) ( NN system ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Cockburn ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ( VP ( VBZ believes ) ( PP-CLR ( IN in ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

I await his sequel the economic and social resiliency of the San Francisco Bay area and the outstanding work of the local governments and the private charitable organizations there as metaphors for the supremacy of whatever failed system Mr. Cockburn now believes in


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( MD should ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( NN scream ) ) ) ) )

It should be a scream


( NP ( NNP William ) ( NNP S. ) ( NNP Smith ) )

William S. Smith


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Some ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS allies ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG complaining ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP President ) ( NNP Bush ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG pushing ) ( NP ( JJ conventional-arms ) ( NNS talks ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB too ) ( RB quickly ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG creating ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN risk ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS negotiators ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS errors ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-105 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB affect ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN security ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Western ) ( NNP Europe ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Some U.S. allies are complaining that President Bush is pushing conventional-arms talks too quickly creating a risk that negotiators will make errors that could affect the security of Western Europe for years


( S ( NP-SBJ-70 ( NP ( NNS Concerns ) ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN pace ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Vienna ) ( NNS talks ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN aimed ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN destruction ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( DT some ) ( CD 100,000 ) ) ( NNS weapons ) ) ) ) ( CONJP ( RB as ) ( RB well ) ( IN as ) ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ major ) ( NNS reductions ) ( CC and ) ( NNS realignments ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS troops ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ central ) ( NNP Europe ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN registered ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Pentagon ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Concerns about the pace of the Vienna talks which are aimed at the destruction of some 100,000 weapons as well as major reductions and realignments of troops in central Europe also are being registered at the Pentagon


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Bush ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN called ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN agreement ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ next ) ( NNP September ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS latest ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Bush has called for an agreement by next September at the latest


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT some ) ( JJ American ) ( NN defense ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBP believe ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NNP North ) ( NNP Atlantic ) ( NNP Treaty ) ( NNP Organization ) ) ( VP ( MD should ) ( VP ( VB take ) ( NP ( JJR more ) ( NN time ) ) ( S-CLR ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB examine ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ long-term ) ( NNS implications ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS options ) ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN considered ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But some American defense officials believe the North Atlantic Treaty Organization should take more time to examine the long-term implications of the options being considered


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( CD one ) ( NN thing ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Pentagon ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-106 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD asked ) ( S ( RB not ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN identified ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP worry ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADVP ( RB much ) ( JJR tougher ) ) ( NN time ) ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG persuading ) ( NP-5 ( NNPS Europeans ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB keep ) ( NP ( DT some ) ( JJ short-range ) ( JJ nuclear ) ( NNS weapons ) ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN soil ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN once ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJ Soviet ) ( JJ armored ) ( NNS forces ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN thinned ) ( PRT ( RP out ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For one thing Pentagon officials who asked not to be identified worry that the U.S. will have a much tougher time persuading Europeans to keep some short-range nuclear weapons on their soil once Soviet armored forces are thinned out


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN At ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ( NN time ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP contend ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN reduction ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP NATO ) ( NNS forces ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN under ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN treaty ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB increase ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN possibility ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ conventional ) ( JJ Soviet ) ( NN attack ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN unless ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP West ) ) ( VP ( VBZ retains ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ residual ) ( NN force ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ nuclear ) ( NNS weapons ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Europe ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

At the same time they contend that a reduction of NATO forces under a treaty will increase the possibility of a conventional Soviet attack unless the West retains a residual force of nuclear weapons in Europe


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Allies ) ) ( ADJP ( VBN concerned ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN deadline ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP include ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NX ( NX ( NNPS British ) ) ( NX ( NNPS French ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( NX ( JJR smaller ) ( NNP NATO ) ( NNS allies ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-107 ( NP ( DT some ) ) ( WHPP ( IN of ) ( WHNP ( WP whom ) ) ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ adequate ) ( NNS staffs ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB provide ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ quick ) ( NNS answers ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS questions ) ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN raised ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( SBAR-NOM-LGS ( WHNP-2 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( ADVP ( RB generally ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN considered ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ complex ) ) ( NN arms-control ) ( NNS talks ) ) ( VP ( ADVP-TMP ( RB ever ) ) ( VBN attempted ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Allies concerned about the deadline include the British French and smaller NATO allies some of whom do n't have adequate staffs to provide quick answers to the questions being raised by what generally are considered the most complex arms-control talks ever attempted


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB So ) ( RB far ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT no ) ( NN ally ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN complained ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB openly ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG preserving ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN impression ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP NATO ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( PP-PRD ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN line ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Bush ) ( NN position ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ quick ) ( NN agreement ) ) ( VP ( VBG bringing ) ( NP ( JJ Soviet ) ( JJ conventional ) ( NNS forces ) ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RB down ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NN parity ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNP NATO ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP West ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ top ) ( NN bargaining ) ( NN priority ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

So far no ally has complained openly preserving the impression that NATO is in line with the Bush position that a quick agreement bringing Soviet conventional forces down to parity with NATO is the West 's top bargaining priority


( S ( CC But ) ( SBAR-ADV ( RB even ) ( IN though ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP NATO ) ( NNS negotiators ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( RB only ) ( CD 10 ) ) ( NNS months ) ) ( VP ( VBN left ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN under ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Bush ) ( NN timetable ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB still ) ) ( VP ( VBG wrestling ) ( PP ( IN over ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ such ) ( ADJP ( RB seemingly ) ( JJ fundamental ) ) ( NNS questions ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( SBARQ ( WHNP-108 ( WP What ) ) ( SQ ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( NN tank ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But even though NATO negotiators have only 10 months left under the Bush timetable they are still wrestling over such seemingly fundamental questions as What is a tank


( S ( NP-SBJ-73 ( NP ( CD Five ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD six ) ( NNS categories ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS weapons ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN under ) ( NP ( NN negotiation ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( RB n't ) ( ADVP ( RB even ) ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN defined ) ) ) ) )

Five of the six categories of weapons under negotiation have n't even been defined


( S ( NP-SBJ-74 ( NNS Tanks ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB currently ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN defined ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ armored ) ( NNS vehicles ) ) ( VP ( VBG weighing ) ( NP ( CD 25 ) ( NNS tons ) ( QP ( CC or ) ( JJR more ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VB carry ) ( NP ( JJ large ) ( NNS guns ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Tanks currently are defined as armored vehicles weighing 25 tons or more that carry large guns


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NNPS Soviets ) ) ( VP ( VBD complicated ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN issue ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG offering ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB include ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ light ) ( NNS tanks ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-109 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( RB as ) ( JJ light ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( CD 10 ) ( NNS tons ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Soviets complicated the issue by offering to include light tanks which are as light as 10 tons


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Oleg ) ( NN A. ) ( NNP Grinevsky ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ chief ) ( JJ Soviet ) ( NN negotiator ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ conventional-arms ) ( NNS talks ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD argued ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT this ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB mean ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NNPS Soviets ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB destroy ) ( NP ( QP ( DT some ) ( CD 1,800 ) ) ( NNS tanks ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN while ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB lose ) ( NP ( NN none ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( DT no ) ( JJ light ) ( NNS tanks ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Europe ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Oleg A. Grinevsky the chief Soviet negotiator in the conventional-arms talks argued that this would mean the Soviets would have to destroy some 1,800 tanks while the U.S. would lose none because it has no light tanks in Europe


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN issue ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( JJR stickier ) ) ( SBAR ( IN than ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ seems ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But the issue is stickier than it seems


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP France ) ( NNP Britain ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Italy ) ) ( DT all ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ light ) ( NNS tanks ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB like ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB keep ) ( ADVP-CLR ( IN out ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS talks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

France Britain and Italy all have light tanks they would like to keep out of the talks


( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT some ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNP Army ) ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBP worry ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-75 ( DT the ) ( VBN proposed ) ( JJ Soviet ) ( NN redefinition ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN aimed ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG blocking ) ( NP-2 ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG developing ) ( NP ( JJR lighter ) ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ transportable ) ) ( JJ high-technology ) ( NNS tanks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And some U.S. Army analysts worry that the proposed Soviet redefinition is aimed at blocking the U.S. from developing lighter more transportable high-technology tanks


( S ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG Defining ) ( NP ( NN combat ) ( NN aircraft ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB even ) ( JJR tougher ) ) ) )

Defining combat aircraft is even tougher


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNPS Soviets ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD insisted ) ( SBAR ( DT that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-76 ( NN aircraft ) ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN brought ) ( PP-DIR ( IN into ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS talks ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB then ) ) ( VP ( VBD argued ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG exempting ) ( NP ( QP ( DT some ) ( CD 4,000 ) ) ( JJ Russian ) ( NNS planes ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB solely ) ( JJ defensive ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Soviets insisted that aircraft be brought into the talks then argued for exempting some 4,000 Russian planes because they are solely defensive


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP NATO ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN budged ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN insistence ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT any ) ( JJ gun-carrying ) ( NN plane ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( JJ offensive ) ( NN capability ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

NATO has n't budged from its insistence that any gun-carrying plane has offensive capability


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN dispute ) ) ( PP ( IN over ) ( NP ( DT that ) ( NN issue ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD one ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN official ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( JJ potential ) ( NN treaty ) ( NN stopper ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( RB only ) ( NP ( NNP President ) ( NNP Bush ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ Soviet ) ( NN leader ) ( NNP Mikhail ) ( NNP Gorbachev ) ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ able ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB resolve ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The dispute over that issue according to one U.S. official is a potential treaty stopper and only President Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev may be able to resolve it


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Accounting ) ( NNS problems ) ) ( VP ( VBP raise ) ( NP ( JJR more ) ( JJ knotty ) ( NNS issues ) ) ) )

Accounting problems raise more knotty issues


( S ( NP-SBJ-77 ( NNP Greece ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Turkey ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN example ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN suspected ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG overstating ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS arsenals ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS hopes ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB emerge ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ arms-reduction ) ( NN treaty ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ large ) ( VBG remaining ) ( NNS forces ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB deter ) ( NP ( DT each ) ( JJ other ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Greece and Turkey for example are suspected of overstating their arsenals in hopes that they can emerge from the arms-reduction treaty with large remaining forces to deter each other


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Other ) ( NNS nations ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( RB n't ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ sure ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WHADJP ( WRB how ) ( JJ many ) ) ( NNS weapons ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ own ) ( NNS arsenals ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Other nations are n't sure how many weapons they have in their own arsenals


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADVP ( RB just ) ) ( VP ( VBG going ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ sloppy ) ) ( PP-LOC ( DT both ) ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ our ) ( NN side ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP theirs ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Warsaw ) ( NNP Pact ) ( POS 's ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( CD one ) ( NNP NATO ) ( NN analyst ) ) )

It 's just going to be sloppy both on our side and theirs the Warsaw Pact 's says one NATO analyst


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB So ) ( RB far ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( CC neither ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Bush ) ( NN administration ) ) ( CC nor ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ arms-control ) ( NNS experts ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Congress ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP seem ) ( S ( VP ( VBN moved ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNS arguments ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT these ) ( NNS problems ) ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB take ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR more ) ( NN time ) ) ) ( SBAR-4 ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB thrash ) ( PRT ( RB out ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-5 ( IN than ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP President ) ( NNP Bush ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN allowed ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

So far neither the Bush administration nor arms-control experts in Congress seem moved by arguments that these problems may take more time to thrash out than President Bush has allowed


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( VBP argue ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJR bigger ) ( NN danger ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP West ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB delay ) ( NP ( NN action ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( ADVP ( RB so ) ( RB long ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNPS Soviets ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB back ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RB away ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ current ) ( JJ conciliatory ) ( NN attitude ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

They argue that the bigger danger would be that the West would delay action so long that the Soviets might back away from the current conciliatory attitude


( SINV ( FRAG-TPC-1 ( RB So ) ( WP what ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VBP miss ) ( NP ( CD 50 ) ( NNS tanks ) ) ( NP-LOC ( RB somewhere ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ asks ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Rep. ) ( NNP Norman ) ( NNP Dicks ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( NNP D. ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NNP Wash. ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN member ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP House ) ( NN group ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-110 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD visited ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS talks ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Vienna ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

So what if you miss 50 tanks somewhere asks Rep. Norman Dicks D. Wash. a member of the House group that visited the talks in Vienna


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ bottom ) ( NN line ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB get ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT that ) ( PRN ( NNP Warsaw ) ( NNP Pact ) ) ( NN superiority ) ) ( VP ( VBD brought ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RB down ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN parity ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( MD ought ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB keep ) ( S ( VP ( VBG pressing ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RB ahead ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( ADVP ( RB as ) ( RB quickly ) ) ( SBAR ( IN as ) ( FRAG ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ possible ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The bottom line is that if we can get that Warsaw Pact superiority brought down to parity we ought to keep pressing ahead as quickly as possible


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VBP worry ) ( ADVP ( RBR more ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN about ) ( S-NOM ( NP-SBJ ( NNS things ) ) ( VP ( VBG becoming ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( RB so ) ( JJ unraveled ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ other ) ( NN side ) ) ) ( SBAR-2 ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB become ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unable ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB negotiate ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

I worry more about things becoming so unraveled on the other side that they might become unable to negotiate


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Sales ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NNS cars ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Europe ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD fell ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 4.2 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( RB earlier ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB continue ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB soften ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS months ) ( RB ahead ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Sales of new cars in Europe fell 4.2 % in September from a year earlier and analysts say the market could continue to soften in the months ahead


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN After ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ stronger-than-expected ) ( NN pace ) ) ( NP-TMP ( RB early ) ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS analysts ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN series ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ sharp ) ( NNS swings ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ recent ) ( NNS months ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ( VP ( VBZ shows ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS signs ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( VBG retreating ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

After a stronger-than-expected pace early this year analysts say the market after a series of sharp swings in recent months now shows signs of retreating


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Statistics ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 12 ) ( NNS countries ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-75 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( ADVP ( RB normally ) ) ( VP ( VBP account ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 94 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ non-communist ) ( NNP Europe ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN passenger ) ( NN car ) ( NNS sales ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD showed ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ new ) ( NN car ) ( NNS registrations ) ) ( VP ( VBD totaled ) ( NP ( CD 911,606 ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ( ADVP ( ADVP ( RB down ) ( NP ( CD 21 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP August ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADVP ( RB down ) ( NP ( CD 4.2 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN year ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN date ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Statistics from 12 countries which normally account for 94 % of non-communist Europe 's passenger car sales showed new car registrations totaled 911,606 in September down 21 % from August and down 4.2 % for the year to date


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Everything ) ) ( VP ( VBD looked ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ good ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN neurosurgeon ) ( NNP Walter ) ( NNP Levy ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNS colleagues ) ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB carefully ) ) ( VP ( VB cut ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB away ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN woman ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ spinal ) ( NN tumor ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Cleveland ) ( NNP Clinic ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1978 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Everything looked good as neurosurgeon Walter Levy and colleagues carefully cut away a woman 's spinal tumor at the Cleveland Clinic in 1978


( S ( S-MNR ( VP ( VBG Using ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ small ) ( JJ electrical ) ( NNS shocks ) ) ( VP ( VBN applied ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP$ her ) ( NNS feet ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ able ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB monitor ) ( NP ( JJ sensory ) ( NNS nerves ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Using small electrical shocks applied to her feet they were able to monitor sensory nerves


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS shocks ) ) ( VP ( VBD generated ) ( NP ( NP ( NN nerve ) ( NNS impulses ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-306 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( VBD traveled ) ( PP-MNR ( IN via ) ( NP ( NN spine ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN brain ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD showed ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB clearly ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ brain-wave ) ( NN monitor ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG indicating ) ( NP ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN damage ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ delicate ) ( JJ spinal ) ( NN tissue ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The shocks generated nerve impulses that traveled via spine to brain and showed up clearly on a brain-wave monitor indicating no damage to the delicate spinal tissue


( SINV ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Then ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Dr. ) ( NNP Levy ) ) ( S-1 ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( VBD woke ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( S-ADV ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ paralyzed ) ) ) ) ) )

Then says Dr. Levy she woke up paralyzed


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN damage ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( PP-PRD ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ her ) ( NN motor ) ( NNS nerves ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( MD could ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN monitored ) ( ADVP ( IN along ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ sensory ) ( NNS nerves ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ explains ) ) )

The damage was to her motor nerves which could n't be monitored along with the sensory nerves he explains


( S-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN tragedy ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ adds ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD galvanized ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP me ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB look ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN way ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB prevent ) ( NP ( JJ similar ) ( NNS cases ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The tragedy he adds galvanized me to look for a way to prevent similar cases


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Dr. ) ( NNP Levy ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN answer ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB come ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ new ) ( NN kind ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ magnetic ) ( NN brain ) ( NN probe ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN device ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-307 ( IN that ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP he ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS dozens ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( NNS researchers ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG studying ) ( PP-MNR ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ great ) ( NN hope ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Dr. Levy 's answer may come with a new kind of magnetic brain probe a device that he and dozens of U.S. researchers are studying with great hope


( S ( PP ( IN Besides ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG holding ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN promise ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJR safer ) ( NN spinal ) ( NN surgery ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( NN probe ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB improve ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN diagnosis ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN brain ) ( CC and ) ( NN nerve ) ( NNS disorders ) ) ( PP ( JJ such ) ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS strokes ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ multiple ) ( NN sclerosis ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Besides holding the promise of safer spinal surgery the probe could improve the diagnosis of brain and nerve disorders such as strokes and multiple sclerosis


( S ( S-ADV ( ADVP ( RB Perhaps ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RBS most ) ( JJ exciting ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN device ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG thrusting ) ( PRT ( RP open ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN window ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS workings ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN brain ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Perhaps most exciting the device is thrusting open a window to the workings of the brain


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN probe ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-308 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( JJ painless ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ non-invasive ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADJP ( RB apparently ) ( JJ harmless ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ employs ) ( NP ( JJ strong ) ( JJ magnetic ) ( NNS fields ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB induce ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ small ) ( NNS whirlwinds ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN electricity ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN within ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN brain ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The probe which is painless non-invasive and apparently harmless employs strong magnetic fields to induce small whirlwinds of electricity within the brain


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN If ) ( S ( VP ( VBN positioned ) ( PP-LOC ( IN over ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN brain ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ motor-control ) ( NN area ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( JJ hand-held ) ( NNS electromagnets ) ) ( VP ( VBP generate ) ( NP ( NP ( NN nerve ) ( NNS impulses ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-309 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( VBP zip ) ( PP-DIR ( IN down ) ( NP ( NN motor ) ( NNS nerves ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP activate ) ( NP ( NNS muscles ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG making ) ( PRN ( INTJ ( VB say ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN finger ) ) ( VP ( VB twitch ) ) ) ) ) ) )

If positioned over the brain 's motor-control area the hand-held electromagnets generate nerve impulses that zip down motor nerves and activate muscles making say a finger twitch


( S ( PP ( IN In ) ( NP ( NN principle ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB enable ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS doctors ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB check ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN body ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN motor ) ( NN system ) ) ( NP-MNR ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN way ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT an ) ( NN electrician ) ) ( VP ( VBZ tests ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN home ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ electrical ) ( NNS circuits ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG running ) ( NP ( NN current ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN through ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In principle they will enable doctors to check the body 's motor system the way an electrician tests a home 's electrical circuits by running current through them


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( PP-TMP ( IN Until ) ( ADVP ( RB now ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBP 've ) ( VP ( VBN had ) ( NP ( NP ( DT no ) ( JJ objective ) ( NN way ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG measuring ) ( NP ( NN motor ) ( NN function ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Keith ) ( NNP Chiappa ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN neurologist ) ) ( VP ( VBG conducting ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ clinical ) ( NNS tests ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS devices ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Boston ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Massachusetts ) ( NNP General ) ( NNP Hospital ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Until now we 've had no objective way of measuring motor function says Keith Chiappa a neurologist conducting clinical tests with the devices at Boston 's Massachusetts General Hospital


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT All ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB do ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VB tell ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN patient ) ) ( S ( S ( VP ( VB squeeze ) ( NP ( PRP$ my ) ( NNS fingers ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( ADVP ( RB as ) ( RB hard ) ) ( SBAR ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( S ( VP ( VB raise ) ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( NN arm ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

All we could do was tell a patient squeeze my fingers as hard as you can or raise your arm


( S ( S ( PP ( IN Under ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS best ) ( NNS circumstances ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ such ) ( NNS tests ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ subjective ) ) ) ) ( S ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN patient ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unconscious ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB work ) ( ADVP ( IN at ) ( DT all ) ) ) ) ) )

Under the best circumstances such tests are subjective when a patient is unconscious they do n't work at all


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Magnetic ) ( NN brain ) ( NN tweaking ) ) ( VP ( VBD started ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ early ) ( NNS 1900s ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS researchers ) ) ( VP ( VBD produced ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS flashes ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN light ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ visual ) ( NN field ) ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNS magnets ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Magnetic brain tweaking started in the early 1900s when researchers produced flashes of light in the visual field with magnets


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS 1960s ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mayo ) ( NNP Clinic ) ( NNS researchers ) ) ( VP ( VBD developed ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ magnetic ) ( NNS devices ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB stimulate ) ( NP ( NN motor ) ( NNS nerves ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN hand ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS limbs ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In the 1960s Mayo Clinic researchers developed magnetic devices to stimulate motor nerves in the hand and other limbs


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( CC But ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN brain ) ( NNS tests ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( JJ unwieldy ) ( NNS machines ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( VP ( VBN required ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS patients ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB stand ) ( PP-MNR ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS heads ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Reginald ) ( NNP Bickford ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN researcher ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP University ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP California ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP San ) ( NNP Diego ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But for brain tests the unwieldy machines would have required patients to stand on their heads says Reginald Bickford a researcher at the University of California at San Diego


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN field ) ) ( VP ( VBD took ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB off ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1985 ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN after ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS scientists ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Britain ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Sheffield ) ( NNP University ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD developed ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ handy ) ( JJ compact ) ( NN magnet ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN brain ) ( NN stimulation ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The field took off in 1985 after scientists at Britain 's Sheffield University developed a handy compact magnet for brain stimulation


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN Since ) ( ADVP ( RB then ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-252 ( QP ( IN at ) ( JJS least ) ( CD two ) ) ( JJ commercial ) ( NNS versions ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN put ) ( PP-PUT ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-253 ( DT an ) ( VBN estimated ) ( CD 500 ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN sold ) ) ) ) ) )

Since then at least two commercial versions have been put on the U.S. market and an estimated 500 have been sold


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( NNP August ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Chicago ) ( NN conference ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( NNS devices ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD attracted ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( JJR more ) ( IN than ) ( CD 100 ) ) ( NNS researchers ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-310 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD reported ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS studies ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NN everything ) ) ( PP ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NN brain ) ( NN mapping ) ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ physical ) ( NN therapy ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In August a Chicago conference on such devices attracted more than 100 researchers who reported studies on everything from brain mapping to physical therapy


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB feel ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB use ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS devices ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB routinely ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN surgery ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB yet ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( VP ( VBG getting ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ close ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Dr. ) ( NNP Levy ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-311 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ( PP-PRD ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP University ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Pittsburgh ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

We do n't feel we can use the devices routinely in surgery yet but we 're getting close says Dr. Levy who is now with the University of Pittsburgh


( S-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT A ) ( NN problem ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ adds ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRD ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ anesthetized ) ( NNS brains ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ resistant ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ magnetic ) ( NN stimulation ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( JJ awake ) ( NNS ones ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A problem he adds is that anesthetized brains are more resistant to magnetic stimulation than awake ones


( SINV ( S-TPC-3 ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NNS devices ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB help ) ( S ( VP ( VB indicate ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN surgery ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB help ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Charles ) ( NNP Tator ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NAC ( NNP University ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Toronto ) ) ) ) ( NN neurosurgeon ) ) ) )

The devices could help indicate when surgery would help says Charles Tator a University of Toronto neurosurgeon


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( NN example ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ paralyzed ) ( JJ car-crash ) ( NNS victims ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB occasionally ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT some ) ( JJ intact ) ( JJ spinal ) ( NNS tissues ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( VP ( VBN preserved ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NN emergency ) ( NN surgery ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP enable ) ( NP ( JJ partial ) ( NN recovery ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For example paralyzed car-crash victims occasionally have some intact spinal tissues that if preserved by emergency surgery enable partial recovery


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( JJ such ) ( NNS operations ) ) ( ADVP ( RB typically ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN performed ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( DT no ) ( NN sign ) ) ( PP-TMP ( ADVP ( RB right ) ) ( IN after ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN injury ) ) ) ( SBAR-1 ( DT that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN surgery ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ beneficial ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But such operations typically are n't performed because there is no sign right after an injury that surgery would be beneficial


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN cost ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ magnetic ) ( NNS stimulators ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB seem ) ( PP-CLR ( IN like ) ( NP ( NNS peanuts ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB retrieve ) ( NP ( NN limb ) ( NN function ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( NNS people ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Dr. ) ( NNP Tator ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) )

The cost of magnetic stimulators would seem like peanuts if we could retrieve limb function in such people Dr. Tator says


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Scientists ) ) ( VP ( VBP caution ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( NN chance ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN magnet ) ( NN technique ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( VP ( VB spark ) ( NP ( NNS seizures ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS epileptics ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Scientists caution there is a chance the magnet technique might spark seizures in epileptics


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-254 ( DT no ) ( JJ significant ) ( NNS problems ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN reported ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN among ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS hundreds ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( VBN tested ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS devices ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But no significant problems have been reported among hundreds of people tested with the devices


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ main ) ( NN sensation ) ) ( PP ( IN besides ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( NN feeling ) ( PP-CLR ( IN like ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN puppet ) ) ( VP ( VBN jerked ) ( PP-MNR ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ invisible ) ( NNS strings ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( PP-PRD ( IN like ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN rap ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN head ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Sam ) ( NNP Bridgers ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN neurologist ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-313 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN studied ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN brain ) ( NNS stimulators ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Yale ) ( NNP University ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The main sensation besides feeling like a puppet jerked with invisible strings is like a rap on the head says Sam Bridgers a neurologist who has studied the brain stimulators at Yale University


( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD One ) ( JJ apparent ) ( NN side ) ( NN effect ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ minor ) ( NN increase ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN brain ) ( NN hormone ) ) ) ) ) )

One apparent side effect is a minor increase in a brain hormone


( S ( CC And ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT some ) ( NNS doctors ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-314 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN conducted ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS hours ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS tests ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP themselves ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP report ) ( NP ( JJ temporary ) ( NNS headaches ) ) ) )

And some doctors who have conducted hours of tests on themselves report temporary headaches


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( QP ( IN At ) ( JJS least ) ( CD two ) ) ( NNS companies ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Cadwell ) ( NNPS Laboratories ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Kennewick ) ) ( NP ( NNP Wash. ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Novametrix ) ( NNP Medical ) ( NNPS Systems ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Wallingford ) ) ( NP ( NNP Conn. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ( VP ( VBP sell ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS versions ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ magnetic ) ( NNS devices ) ) ) ) ) )

At least two companies Cadwell Laboratories Inc. of Kennewick Wash. and Novametrix Medical Systems Inc. of Wallingford Conn. now sell versions of the magnetic devices


( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNS machines ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 12,500 ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ inexpensive ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( JJ medical ) ( NNS standards ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP have ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN approved ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NN marketing ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NN brain ) ( NNS stimulators ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN sold ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( JJ stimulating ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS nerves ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN hand ) ) ( NP ( NNS legs ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( JJ non-brain ) ( NNS areas ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The machines which at 12,500 are inexpensive by medical standards have n't been approved in the U.S. for marketing as brain stimulators but are sold for stimulating nerves in the hand legs and other non-brain areas


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Researchers ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB apply ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN permission ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB use ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS probes ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN brain ) ( NNS studies ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Researchers can apply for permission to use the probes for brain studies


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN At ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP University ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Kentucky ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN team ) ) ( VP ( VBN led ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNP Dean ) ( NNP Currier ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ physical ) ( NN therapy ) ( NN researcher ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG testing ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS stimulators ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN conjunction ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ electric ) ( NNS shocks ) ) ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB induce ) ( NP ( NN muscle ) ( NNS contractions ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB help ) ( S ( VP ( VB prevent ) ( NP ( NP ( NN wasting ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN thigh ) ( NNS muscles ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( NN knee ) ( NN surgery ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

At the University of Kentucky a team led by Dean Currier a physical therapy researcher is testing the stimulators in conjunction with electric shocks to induce muscle contractions to help prevent wasting of thigh muscles after knee surgery


( S ( ADVP ( RB Similarly ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Purdue ) ( NNP University ) ( NN team ) ) ( VP ( VBN led ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NN heart ) ( NN researcher ) ( NNP W.A. ) ( NNP Tacker ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ hopes ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB develop ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS ways ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB magnetically ) ) ( VB induce ) ( NP ( JJ cardiac ) ( NN muscle ) ( NNS contractions ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Similarly a Purdue University team led by heart researcher W.A. Tacker hopes to develop ways to magnetically induce cardiac muscle contractions


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNS devices ) ) ( VP ( MD might ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB someday ) ) ( VP ( VB serve ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ temporary ) ( NNS pacemakers ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS restarters ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( VBN stopped ) ( NNS hearts ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Dr. ) ( NNP Tacker ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WP$ whose ) ( NN prototype ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN dubbed ) ( S ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( NNP Tacker ) ( NN whacker ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The devices might someday serve as temporary pacemakers or restarters for stopped hearts says Dr. Tacker whose prototype was dubbed the Tacker whacker


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNS devices ) ( POS ' ) ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ remarkable ) ) ( NNS possibilities ) ) ( ADVP ( RB though ) ) ( VP ( VBP involve ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN brain ) ) ) )

The devices ' most remarkable possibilities though involve the brain


( S ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG Probing ) ( PP-MNR ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS stimulators ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NAC ( NNP National ) ( NNPS Institutes ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Health ) ) ) ) ( NNS scientists ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB recently ) ) ( VP ( VBD showed ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB how ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN brain ) ) ( VP ( VBZ reorganizes ) ( NP ( JJ motor-control ) ( NNS resources ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN amputation ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Probing with the stimulators National Institutes of Health scientists recently showed how the brain reorganizes motor-control resources after an amputation


( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( JJ Similar ) ( NNS studies ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB reveal ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB how ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN stroke ) ( NNS patients ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NNS brains ) ) ( VP ( VBP regroup ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-ADV ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ first ) ( NN step ) ) ( PP ( IN toward ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG finding ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS ways ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB bolster ) ( NP ( DT that ) ( NN process ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( NN speed ) ( NP ( NN rehabilitation ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Similar studies are expected to reveal how stroke patients ' brains regroup a first step toward finding ways to bolster that process and speed rehabilitation


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Scientists ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG exploring ) ( NP ( NN memory ) ( CC and ) ( NN perception ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ new ) ( NNS machines ) ) ) ) ) )

Scientists also are exploring memory and perception with the new machines


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN At ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP State ) ( NNP University ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP Brooklyn ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS researchers ) ) ( VP ( VBP flash ) ( NP ( NP ( CD two ) ( NNS groups ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ different ) ( NNS letters ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN computer ) ( NN screen ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN front ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ human ) ( NN guinea ) ( NNS pigs ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

At the State University of New York at Brooklyn researchers flash two groups of different letters on a computer screen in front of human guinea pigs


( S ( PP ( IN Between ) ( NP ( NNS flashes ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-256 ( NP ( JJ certain ) ( NNS areas ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS subjects ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NNS brains ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN jolted ) ( PP-MNR ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ magnetic ) ( NN stimulator ) ) ) ) ) )

Between flashes certain areas in subjects ' brains are jolted with a magnetic stimulator


( S ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB When ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-257 ( DT the ) ( NN jolt ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN timed ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB just ) ( RB right ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT the ) ( NNS subjects ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB recall ) ( S ( VP ( VBG seeing ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ first ) ( NN group ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS letters ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

When the jolt is timed just right the subjects do n't recall seeing the first group of letters


( SINV ( SBARQ-2 ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB Where ) ) ( SQ ( VBZ does ) ( NP-SBJ ( IN that ) ( JJ first ) ( NN stimulus ) ) ( VP ( VB go ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ exclaims ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP SUNY ) ( NN neurologist ) ( NNP Paul ) ( NNP Maccabee ) ) )

Where does that first stimulus go exclaims SUNY neurologist Paul Maccabee


( S ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG Trying ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB answer ) ( NP ( DT that ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG suggesting ) ( NP ( NP ( DT all ) ( NNS kinds ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS theories ) ) ( PP ( JJ such ) ( IN as ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( RB precisely ) ( WRB where ) ( CC and ) ( WRB how ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN brain ) ) ( VP ( VBZ processes ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ incoming ) ( NNS signals ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS eyes ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Trying to answer that is suggesting all kinds of theories such as precisely where and how the brain processes incoming signals from the eyes


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP He ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNS others ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS machines ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ weak ) ( RB enough ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB jeopardize ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN memory ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He and others say that the machines are weak enough that they do n't jeopardize the memory


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Both ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP SUNY ) ( NN team ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS researchers ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP National ) ( NNP Magnet ) ( NNP Laboratory ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Cambridge ) ) ( NP ( NNP Mass. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG working ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ potent ) ) ( JJ magnetic ) ( NN brain ) ( NNS stimulators ) ) ) ) ) )

Both the SUNY team and researchers at the National Magnet Laboratory in Cambridge Mass. are working with more potent magnetic brain stimulators


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( PP ( IN Among ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS things ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT the ) ( JJR stronger ) ( NNS devices ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ able ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB summon ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB forth ) ) ( NP ( JJ half-forgotten ) ( NNS memories ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VB induce ) ( NP ( NN mood ) ( NNS changes ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS neurologists ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ) )

Among other things the stronger devices may be able to summon forth half-forgotten memories and induce mood changes neurologists say


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ French ) ( NN consumer ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 0.2 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ previous ) ( NN month ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADVP-PRD ( RB up ) ( NP ( CD 3.4 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( RB earlier ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( VBG according ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ definitive ) ( NNS figures ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP National ) ( NNPS Statistics ) ( NNP Institute ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

French consumer prices rose 0.2 % in September from the previous month and were up 3.4 % from a year earlier according to definitive figures from the National Statistics Institute


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN state ) ( NN agency ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS figures ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP confirm ) ( NP ( JJ previous ) ( NNS estimates ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP leave ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN index ) ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 178.9 ) ) ) ( ADVP-DIR ( RB up ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( CD 178.5 ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP August ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 173.1 ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN year ) ) ( RB earlier ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The state agency 's figures confirm previous estimates and leave the index at 178.9 up from 178.5 in August and 173.1 a year earlier


( S ( NP-SBJ-57 ( DT The ) ( NN index ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN based ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( S-NOM ( NP-SBJ ( CD 1980 ) ) ( VP ( VBG equaling ) ( NP ( CD 100 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The index is based on 1980 equaling 100


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT A ) ( NN breakdown ) ) ( VP ( VBD showed ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN food ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ active ) ) ( NN part ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN growth ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN rise ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 0.6 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A breakdown showed that food prices were the most active part of growth with a rise of 0.6 %


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT An ) ( NN official ) ) ( VP ( VBD linked ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN gain ) ) ( PP-CLR ( ADVP ( RB essentially ) ) ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR higher ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN beef ) ( CC and ) ( NN pork ) ) ) ) ) ) )

An official linked the gain essentially to higher prices for beef and pork


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NN summer ) ( NN drought ) ( NNS problems ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-81 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN hit ) ( NP ( JJ several ) ( JJ southern ) ( JJ agricultural ) ( NNS regions ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( VBN stopped ) ( S ( VP ( VBG being ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ major ) ( NN source ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN price ) ( NN pressure ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP September ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He said summer drought problems that had hit several southern agricultural regions had stopped being a major source of price pressure in September


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Sun ) ( NNP Myung ) ( NNP Moon ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ Korean ) ( NN evangelist-industrialist ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1954 ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD founded ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Unification ) ( NNP Church ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ remains ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN mystery ) ( NN man ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN behind ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ multimillion-dollar ) ( UCP ( JJ political ) ( CC and ) ( VBG publishing ) ) ( NN operation ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBN based ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT this ) ( NN country ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBG catering ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ American ) ( NN right ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Sun Myung Moon the Korean evangelist-industrialist who in 1954 founded the Unification Church remains the mystery man behind a multimillion-dollar political and publishing operation based in this country and catering to the American right


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( JJR less ) ) ( ADVP-LOC ( RB there ) ) ( SBAR ( IN than ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ meets ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN eye ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But there may be less there than meets the eye


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Moon ) ) ( VP ( VBD planned ) ( S ( VP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB convert ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS millions ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNPS Americans ) ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( JJ unique ) ( NN brand ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Christianity ) ) ) ( PRN ( SBAR ( WHPP-2 ( IN in ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ plays ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN role ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( ADJP ( NNP Old ) ( JJ Testament-style ) ) ( JJ temporal ) ( JJ political ) ( NN messiah ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADVP ( RB then ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NN part ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ unified ) ( JJ international ) ( NN theocracy ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Moon planned to convert millions of Americans to his unique brand of Christianity in which he plays the role of Old Testament-style temporal political messiah and then to make the U.S. part of a unified international theocracy


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP$ His ) ( JJ original ) ( NN strategy ) ) ( PRN ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( PRP itself ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ brilliant ) ( NN innovation ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG spreading ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN religion ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( S-PRD ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB create ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( JJ economic ) ( NNS enterprises ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NP ( DT each ) ( NN time ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD wanted ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB extend ) ( CC and ) ( VB fund ) ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( JJ various ) ( JJ religious ) ( NNS missions ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

His original strategy in itself a brilliant innovation for spreading a religion was to create new economic enterprises each time he wanted to extend and fund his various religious missions


( S ( NP-SBJ-190 ( JJ Tax-exempt ) ( UCP ( NN airport ) ( CC and ) ( JJ street-corner ) ) ( NNS solicitations ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN intended ) ( S ( ADVP ( RB only ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB provide ) ( NP ( JJ start-up ) ( NNS funds ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Tax-exempt airport and street-corner solicitations were intended only to provide start-up funds


( S ( NP-SBJ ( ADJP ( RBR More ) ( JJ stable ) ) ( NNS industries ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( S-PRD ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB build ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( ADJP ( RB economically ) ( JJ viable ) ) ( NN infrastructure ) ) ( PP-BNF ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Moon ) ( NN movement ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP North ) ( NNP America ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-MNR ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD had ) ( VP ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Japan ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP South ) ( NNP Korea ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

More stable industries were to build an economically viable infrastructure for the Moon movement in North America as they had in Japan and South Korea


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Then ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( MD would ) ( VP ( VB move ) ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( NN movement ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Europe ) ) ) ) ) )

Then he would move his movement to Europe


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT that ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( RB not ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ) ) ) ) )

But that was not to be


( S ( PP-TMP ( IN Throughout ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NX ( NX ( NNS 1970s ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( RB early ) ( NNS 1980s ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS spokesmen ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT both ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Unification ) ( NNP Church ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NNS opponents ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN anticult ) ( NN movement ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD gave ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB wildly ) ( JJ exaggerated ) ) ( NN membership ) ( NNS figures ) ) ) )

Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s spokesmen for both the Unification Church and its opponents in the anticult movement gave wildly exaggerated membership figures


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ Their ) ( NN legacy ) ) ( VP ( VBZ lives ) ( PRT ( RP on ) ) ) )

Their legacy lives on


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP It ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADVP ( RB still ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ common ) ) ( S-2 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB read ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN press ) ) ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN church ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 10,000 ) ( CC or ) ( JJR more ) ) ( JJ full-time ) ( JJ American ) ( NNS members ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( CD 25,000 ) ( NNS associates ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It is still common to read in the press that the church has 10,000 or more full-time American members and 25,000 associates


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Some ) ( NNS estimates ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN gone ) ( ADVP-DIR ( ADVP ( RB as ) ( JJ high ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( CD 80,000 ) ( NNS members ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Some estimates have gone as high as 80,000 members


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( JJ internal ) ( NN church ) ( NNS documents ) ) ( VP ( ADVP-MNR ( RB clearly ) ) ( VBP show ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ publicity-seeking ) ( NNS heights ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN as ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD organized ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ spectacular ) ( NNP Yankee ) ( NNP Stadium ) ( JJ bicentennial ) ( NN rally ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1976 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( ADVP ( RB actually ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( NP-PRD ( QP ( JJ only ) ( IN about ) ( CD 2,000 ) ) ( JJ full-time ) ( NNP Unification ) ( NNP Church ) ( NNS members ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But internal church documents clearly show that at its publicity-seeking heights as when it organized a spectacular Yankee Stadium bicentennial rally in 1976 there actually were only about 2,000 full-time Unification Church members in the U.S.


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Moon ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN support ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ Watergate-beleaguered ) ( NNP Richard ) ( NNP Nixon ) ) ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Koreagate ) ( NN scandal ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( NN prison ) ( NN sentence ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN income-tax ) ( NN evasion ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB help ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN church ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN recruitment ) ( NNS efforts ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Moon 's support for a Watergate-beleaguered Richard Nixon the Koreagate scandal and his prison sentence for income-tax evasion did not help the church 's recruitment efforts


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Defections ) ) ( NP ( NNS burnouts ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN abduction ) ( NNS deprogrammings ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN kept ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN member ) ( NN turnover ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB high ) ) ) ) )

Defections burnouts and abduction deprogrammings kept member turnover high


( S ( SBAR-SBJ ( IN That ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN membership ) ( NN number ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( ADVP ( RB even ) ) ( VP ( VBN kept ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB close ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( CD 1976 ) ( NN size ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN result ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN graying ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN church ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

That the membership number has even kept close to its 1976 size is the result of the graying of the church


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( JJ Many ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ enthusiastic ) ( JJ young ) ( NNPS Moonies ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Nixon ) ( NN era ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-224 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD remained ) ( ADJP-PRD ( NN faithful ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Father ) ( NNP Moon ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NNS parents ) ) ( VP ( VBG producing ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NNS members ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( NP ( NP ( NN procreation ) ) ( CONJP ( RB rather ) ( IN than ) ) ( NP ( NN conversion ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Many of the enthusiastic young Moonies of the Nixon era who remained faithful to Father Moon are now parents producing new members by procreation rather than conversion


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ reputed ) ( NN wealth ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Unification ) ( NNP Church ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT another ) ( NN matter ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN contention ) ) ) ) ) )

The reputed wealth of the Unification Church is another matter of contention