( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN harvest ) ) ( VP ( VBZ arrives ) ( PP ( RB in ) ( NP ( NN plenty ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ last ) ( NN year ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ drought-ravaged ) ( NN effort ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN government ) ) ( VP ( VBZ estimates ) ( NP ( NN corn ) ( NN output ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 7.45 ) ( CD billion ) ) ( NNS bushels ) ) ( ADVP ( RB up ) ( NP ( CD 51 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( JJ last ) ( NN fall ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The harvest arrives in plenty after last year 's drought-ravaged effort The government estimates corn output at 7.45 billion bushels up 51 % from last fall


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Soybean ) ( NN production ) ) ( VP ( VBZ swells ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 24 ) ( NN % ) ) ) )

Soybean production swells 24 %


( S ( PP-PRP ( IN As ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN result ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS prices ) ) ( VP ( VBN paid ) ( PP-DTV ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNS farmers ) ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS commodities ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN used ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS products ) ) ( ADJP ( ADJP ( RB as ) ( JJ diverse ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( NN bubble ) ( NN gum ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN chicken ) ( NN feed ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP plummet ) ( NP-EXT ( NP ( CD 20 ) ( NN % ) ) ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD 33 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) )

As a result prices paid to farmers for the commodities which are used in products as diverse as bubble gum and chicken feed plummet 20 % to 33 %


( S ( CC But ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB expect ) ( NP ( RB too ) ( RB much ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN way ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN price ) ( NNS breaks ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB soon ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN supermarket ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But do n't expect too much in the way of price breaks soon at the supermarket


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Economists ) ) ( VP ( VBP expect ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN consumer ) ( NN food ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB jump ) ( NP-EXT ( CD 5.5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ( UCP ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS highest ) ( NN level ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN since ) ( NP ( CD 1980 ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADVP ( RB up ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ last ) ( NN year ) ( POS 's ) ) ( ADJP ( CD 4.1 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN rise ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Economists expect consumer food prices to jump 5.5 % this year to the highest level since 1980 and up from last year 's 4.1 % rise


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Next ) ( NN year ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB see ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN drop ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD one ) ( NN percentage ) ( NN point ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Next year may see a drop of one percentage point


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NN Beef ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG hovering ) ( PP-LOC ( IN near ) ( NP ( NNS records ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN since ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN drought ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB drop ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( ADJP ( NN earnest ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN winter ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS ranchers ) ) ( VP ( VBP expand ) ( NP ( NNS herds ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Beef prices hovering near records since the drought could drop in earnest this winter if ranchers expand herds


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJR Lower ) ( NN feed ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB help ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS animals ) ) ( VP ( VB eat ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RBR more ) ( RB cheaply ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS humans ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB factor ) ( PRT ( RP in ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ expensive ) ( NN middleman ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN processor ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Lower feed prices may help animals eat more cheaply but humans have to factor in an expensive middleman the processor


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NN Food ) ( NNS companies ) ) ( ADVP ( RB probably ) ) ( VP ( MD wo ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB cut ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( NP-EXT ( RB much ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG blaming ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS costs ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Food companies probably wo n't cut their prices much blaming other costs


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NN Labor ) ) ( VP ( VBZ takes ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJS biggest ) ( JJ single ) ( NN chunk ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN out ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN food ) ( NN dollar ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Frank ) ( NNP Pankyo ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Food ) ( NNP Institute ) ) ) ) )

Labor takes the biggest single chunk out of the food dollar says Frank Pankyo of the Food Institute


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Stokely ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS stores ) ) ( VP ( VBP revive ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS specials ) ) ( PP ( IN like ) ( NP ( NP ( CD three ) ( NNS cans ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS peas ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD 99 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Stokely says stores revive specials like three cans of peas for 99 cents


( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD Two ) ( NNS cans ) ) ( VP ( VBD cost ) ( NP ( CD 89 ) ( NNS cents ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN during ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN drought ) ) ) ) )

Two cans cost 89 cents during the drought


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN IF ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( ADJP ( IN IN ) ( NNP VITRO ) ) ( NN fertilization ) ) ( VP ( VBZ works ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB usually ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( ADVP-PRD ( RB so ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( QP ( RB only ) ( DT a ) ( JJ few ) ) ( NNS tries ) ) ) ) )

IF IN VITRO fertilization works it usually does so after only a few tries


( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Costly ) ( NN infertility ) ( NNS problems ) ( CC and ) ( NNS procedures ) ) ( VP ( VBP proliferate ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( VBG aging ) ( NN baby ) ( NNS boomers ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNS others ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP decide ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NNS children ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Costly infertility problems and procedures proliferate as aging baby boomers and others decide to have children now


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( VP ( VBN estimated ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( QP ( CD one ) ( IN in ) ( CD six ) ) ( NNS couples ) ) ( VP ( VBZ experiences ) ( NP ( NN infertility ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1987 ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNPS Americans ) ) ( VP ( VBD spent ) ( NP ( QP ( IN about ) ( CD 1 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB fight ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN problem ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It 's estimated that one in six couples experiences infertility and in 1987 Americans spent about 1 billion to fight the problem


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( QP ( RB Only ) ( IN about ) ( CD five ) ) ( NNS states ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ( VP ( VBP offer ) ( NP ( NP ( DT some ) ( NN form ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN insurance ) ( NN coverage ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJR more ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ) ) ) )

Only about five states now offer some form of insurance coverage but more are expected


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT A ) ( NN letter ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP New ) ( NNP England ) ( NNP Journal ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Medicine ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ notes ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN while ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN technology ) ) ( VP ( VBZ offers ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB almost ) ( JJ endless ) ) ( NN hope ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-NOM-SBJ ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB stop ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN become ) ( NP-PRD ( DT a ) ( JJ difficult ) ( NN question ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A letter in the New England Journal of Medicine notes that while technology offers almost endless hope when to stop has become a difficult question


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNS authors ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Boston ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Beth ) ( NNP Israel ) ( NNP Hospital ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( CD 84 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 50 ) ( NNS births ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD followed ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD occurred ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( QP ( RB only ) ( CD two ) ) ( ADJP ( IN in ) ( NN vitro ) ) ( NNS cycles ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The authors from Boston 's Beth Israel Hospital say that 84 % of the 50 births they followed occurred after only two in vitro cycles


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ adds ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS births ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB extremely ) ( JJ unlikely ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ fourth ) ( NN cycle ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ concludes ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS couples ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB achieve ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN pregnancy ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN after ) ( NP ( QP ( CD four ) ( TO to ) ( CD six ) ) ( NNS procedures ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD should ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN advised ) ( SBAR ( DT that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN success ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unlikely ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

It adds that births were extremely unlikely after the fourth cycle and concludes couples who do n't achieve a pregnancy after four to six procedures should be advised that success is unlikely


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT Some ) ( NNS couples ) ) ( VP ( VBP continue ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB try ) ) ) ) ) )

Some couples continue to try


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( JJ Such ) ( NN determination ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB translate ) ( PP-CLR ( IN into ) ( NP ( JJ extreme ) ( ADJP ( NN physical ) ( JJ emotional ) ( CC and ) ( JJ financial ) ) ( NNS costs ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN letter ) ) ( VP ( VBZ warns ) ) )

Such determination may translate into extreme physical emotional and financial costs the letter warns


( S-HLN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN MARKET ) ) ( VP ( VBZ MOVES ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT these ) ( NNS managers ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ) ) )

MARKET MOVES these managers do n't


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( RB Only ) ( CD three ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 25 ) ( JJ corporate ) ( NN pension ) ( NN fund ) ( NNS managers ) ) ( VP ( VBG attending ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Lowry ) ( NNP Consulting ) ( NNP Group ) ( NN client ) ( NN conference ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP plan ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB change ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN asset ) ( NN allocation ) ( NN mix ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS portfolios ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ( NN drop ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Only three of the 25 corporate pension fund managers attending a Lowry Consulting Group client conference say they plan to change the asset allocation mix in their portfolios because of the market drop


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN WORLD ) ( NNS ODDITIES ) ) ( VP ( VBP come ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ alive ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNS multimedia ) ( NN version ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP-TTL ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Guinness ) ( NNP Book ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNPS Records ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

WORLD ODDITIES come alive in a multimedia version of the Guinness Book of Records


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( ADJP ( CD 99 ) ) ( NN CD-ROM ) ( NN disk ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( ADVP ( RB only ) ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN played ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( NNP Apple ) ( NNP Macintosh ) ( NN computer ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN moment ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ combines ) ( NP ( NN animation ) ( NN music ) ( CC and ) ( NN sound ) ) ) )

The 99 CD-ROM disk it can only be played on an Apple Macintosh computer at the moment combines animation music and sound


( FRAG ( PP-LOC ( IN Among ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Guinness ) ( NN disk ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS wonders ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN world ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJS loudest ) ( VBN recorded ) ( NN belch ) ) )

Among the Guinness disk 's wonders the world 's loudest recorded belch


( S-HLN ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP ARTY ) ( NNP FAX ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP David ) ( NNP Hockney ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ begins ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ tongue-in-cheek ) ( NN exhibit ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NN today ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP New ) ( NNP York ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Andre ) ( NNP Emmerich ) ( NNP Gallery ) ) ) ) )

ARTY FAX from David Hockney begins a tongue-in-cheek exhibit today at New York 's Andre Emmerich Gallery


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( CD One ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN artist ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJS earliest ) ( NN Fax ) ( NNS works ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( NP-PRD ( NP-TTL ( NP ( JJ Little ) ( NNP Stanley ) ) ( VP ( VBG Sleeping ) ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN portrait ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( PRP$ his ) ( NN dog ) ) ) ) ) ) )

One of the artist 's earliest Fax works was Little Stanley Sleeping a portrait of his dog


( S-HLN ( NP-SBJ ( NNS PACS ) ) ( VP ( VBP GIVE ) ( CC and ) ( VBP receive ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ debatable ) ( NN duet ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS employees ) ( POS ' ) ) ( JJ favored ) ( NNS charities ) ) ) ) ) ) )

PACS GIVE and receive in a debatable duet with employees ' favored charities


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP Federal ) ( NNP Election ) ( NNP Commission ) ) ( VP ( VBZ clears ) ( NP ( JJ corporate ) ( NNS plans ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB donate ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN employee ) ( POS 's ) ) ( VBN chosen ) ( NN charity ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN exchange ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN worker ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN gift ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ( JJ political ) ( NN action ) ( NN committee ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Federal Election Commission clears corporate plans to donate to an employee 's chosen charity in exchange for the worker 's gift to the company political action committee


( NP ( NP ( JJS Latest ) ( NNS approvals ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Bell ) ( NNP Atlantic ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP New ) ( NNP Jersey ) ( NNP Bell ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP General ) ( NNPS Dynamics ) ) ) )

Latest approvals Bell Atlantic 's New Jersey Bell and General Dynamics


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Companies ) ) ( VP ( VBP get ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR more ) ( JJ political ) ( NN clout ) ) ( IN plus ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ possible ) ( JJ tax-deductible ) ( JJ charitable ) ( NN donation ) ) ) ( FRAG ( ADVP-TMP ( RB so ) ( RB far ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN word ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP IRS ) ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN deductibility ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Companies get more political clout plus a possible tax-deductible charitable donation so far no word from the IRS on deductibility


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Detroit ) ( NNP Edison ) ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN plan ) ( NN pioneer ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD generated ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 54,000 ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( VBG matching ) ( NNS funds ) ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ( ADVP-1 ( RB up ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( CD 39,000 ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1988 ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Detroit Edison the plan pioneer generated 54,000 in matching funds this year up from 39,000 in 1988


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN utility ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( RB not ) ( VP ( VB continue ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ next ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) )

But the utility may not continue next year


( SINV-1 ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP We ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( PP-PRD ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ tight ) ( NN budget ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Detroit ) ( NNP Edison ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Carol ) ( NNP Roskind ) ) )

We 're on a tight budget says Detroit Edison 's Carol Roskind


( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD Two ) ( NN election ) ( NN commission ) ( NNS members ) ) ( VP ( VBD opposed ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN matching ) ( NNS plans ) ) ) )

Two election commission members opposed the matching plans


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Scott ) ( NNP E. ) ( NNP Thomas ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNS plans ) ) ( VP ( VBP give ) ( NP ( NNS employees ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN bonus ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN form ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ charitable ) ( NNS donations ) ) ( VP ( VBN made ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN employer ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN treasury ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN exchange ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ political ) ( NN donation ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Scott E. Thomas says the plans give employees a bonus in the form of charitable donations made from an employer 's treasury in exchange for the political donation


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN government ) ) ( VP ( MD could ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN effect ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG subsidizing ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ political ) ( NNS contributions ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ corporate ) ( NNS PACs ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) )

The U.S. government could be in effect subsidizing political contributions to corporate PACs he says


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP New ) ( NNP Jersey ) ( NNP Bell ) ) ( VP ( VBZ awaits ) ( NP ( NN state ) ( NN clearance ) ) ) )

New Jersey Bell awaits state clearance


( S ( PP ( IN Despite ) ( NP ( JJ federal ) ( NN approval ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP General ) ( NNPS Dynamics ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBD decided ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD wo ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB go ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB ahead ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN matching ) ( NN program ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Despite federal approval General Dynamics says it decided it wo n't go ahead with the matching program


( S-HLN ( NP-SBJ ( NNP CHRISTMAS ) ( NNS SHOPPERS ) ) ( VP ( VBP find ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( VBG helping ) ( NN hand ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT some ) ( NN catalog ) ( NNS companies ) ) ) ) )

CHRISTMAS SHOPPERS find a helping hand from some catalog companies


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Blunt ) ( NNP Ellis ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Loewi ) ) ( VP ( VBZ estimates ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJ direct ) ( NN mail ) ( NN catalog ) ( NNS sales ) ) ( VP ( VBD rose ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 12 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( JJ last ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Blunt Ellis & Loewi estimates direct mail catalog sales rose to 12 billion last year


( S ( CC And ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN while ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADVP-PRD ( ADVP ( RB too ) ( RB soon ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB tell ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB how ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS sales ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB fare ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ important ) ( CD 1989 ) ( NNP Christmas ) ( NN season ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT some ) ( NNS companies ) ) ( VP ( VBP take ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS steps ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB ease ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ usual ) ( JJ 11th-hour ) ( NN crush ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

And while it 's too soon to tell how sales will fare in the important 1989 Christmas season some companies take steps to ease the usual 11th-hour crush


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Spiegel ) ) ( VP ( VBZ promises ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ Guaranteed ) ( NNP Christmas ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN pledge ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB deliver ) ( NP ( NNS goods ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN before ) ( NP ( NNP Christmas ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN if ) ( S ( VP ( VBN ordered ) ( PP-TMP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NNP Dec. ) ( CD 20 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Spiegel promises a Guaranteed Christmas with a pledge to deliver goods before Christmas if ordered by Dec. 20


( S ( S ( CC And ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ extra ) ( CD 6 ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Land ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP End ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB deliver ) ( NP ( NNS orders ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN within ) ( NP ( CD two ) ( NNS days ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS customers ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB designate ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN day ) ) ) ) ) )

And for an extra 6 Land 's End will deliver orders within two days customers can designate the day


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Spiegel ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBZ owns ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Eddie ) ( NNP Bauer ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Honeybee ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( PP-TMP ( IN since ) ( NP ( CD 1987 ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNS sales ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN doubled ) ( PP-TMP ( IN during ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN week ) ) ( PP ( IN before ) ( NP ( NNP Christmas ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Spiegel which also owns Eddie Bauer and Honeybee says that since 1987 sales have doubled during the week before Christmas


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT An ) ( NNP L.L. ) ( NNP Bean ) ( NN spokeswoman ) ) ( VP ( VBZ notes ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS People ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADVP ( RB just ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( VBN used ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG living ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ last-minute ) ( NN society ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

An L.L. Bean spokeswoman notes People are just used to living in a last-minute society


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Blunt ) ( NNP Ellis ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NNP Milwaukee ) ( NN brokerage ) ( NN firm ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN part ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN reason ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN catalog ) ( NNS sales ) ) ( VP ( VBP grow ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN popularity ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( SBAR-PRP-PRD ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS consumers ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR more ) ( NN money ) ) ( CC but ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR less ) ( NN time ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB spend ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Blunt Ellis a Milwaukee brokerage firm says part of the reason catalog sales grow in popularity is because consumers have more money but less time to spend it


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP L.L. ) ( NNP Bean ) ) ( VP ( VBZ hires ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( IN about ) ( CD 2,700 ) ) ( NNS workers ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN season ) ( NN rush ) ) ) ( ADJP-1 ( ADJP ( NP ( QP ( IN about ) ( CD 300 ) ) ) ( JJR more ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( JJ last ) ( NN year ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Land ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP End ) ) ( VP ( VBZ hires ) ( NP ( CD 2,000 ) ) ) ) )

L.L. Bean hires about 2,700 workers for the season rush about 300 more than last year Land 's End hires 2,000


BRIEFS


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Guarana ) ( NNP Antarctica ) ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ Brazilian ) ( JJ soft ) ( NN drink ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN brought ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP U.S. ) ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNP Amcap ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NP ( NNP Chevy ) ( NNP Chase ) ) ( NP ( NNP Md ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Guarana Antarctica a Brazilian soft drink is brought to the U.S. by Amcap Chevy Chase Md


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP New ) ( NNP Product ) ( NNP News ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN beverage ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ looks ) ( PP-CLR ( IN like ) ( NP ( NN ginger ) ( NN ale ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ tastes ) ( PP-CLR ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ little ) ) ( JJ like ) ( NP ( NNS cherries ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ smells ) ( PP-CLR ( IN like ) ( NP ( NN bubble ) ( NN gum ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

New Product News says the beverage looks like ginger ale tastes a little like cherries and smells like bubble gum


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Amenities ) ) ( VP ( VBN planned ) ( PP-CLR ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Chicago ) ( POS 's ) ) ( JJ new ) ( NNP Parkshore ) ( NNP Tower ) ( NNS apartments ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP include ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ on-site ) ( NN investment ) ( NN counselor ) ) ) )

Amenities planned for Chicago 's new Parkshore Tower apartments include an on-site investment counselor


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ following ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( PP-LOC-PRD ( IN among ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NN yesterday ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS offerings ) ( CC and ) ( NNS pricings ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( UCP ( NNP U.S. ) ( CC and ) ( JJ non-U.S. ) ) ( NN capital ) ( NNS markets ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NNS terms ) ( CC and ) ( NN syndicate ) ( NN manager ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN as ) ( S ( VP ( VBN compiled ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Dow ) ( NNP Jones ) ( NNP Capital ) ( NNPS Markets ) ( NNP Report ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The following were among yesterday 's offerings and pricings in the U.S. and non-U.S. capital markets with terms and syndicate manager as compiled by Dow Jones Capital Markets Report


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NNP Washington ) ) ( NP ( NNP D.C. ) ) )

Washington D.C.


( NP ( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 200 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ general ) ( NN obligation ) ( NN tax ) ( NN revenue ) ( NN anticipation ) ( NNS notes ) ) ) ) ( NP ( NN Series ) ( CD 1990 ) ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Sept. ) ( CD 28 ) ( CD 1990 ) ) ) )

200 million of general obligation tax revenue anticipation notes Series 1990 due Sept. 28 1990


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( QP ( IN About ) ( CD 190 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN offered ) ( PP ( IN through ) ( NP ( NNP Shearson ) ( NNP Lehman ) ( NNP Hutton ) ( NNP Inc ) ) ) ) ) )

About 190 million were offered through Shearson Lehman Hutton Inc


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Shearson ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG offering ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS notes ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 6 ) ( CD 3\/4 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( NNS securities ) ) ( VP ( VBN priced ) ( S-CLR ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB yield ) ( NP ( CD 6.15 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Shearson is offering the notes as 6 3\/4 % securities priced to yield 6.15 %


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP J.P. ) ( NNP Morgan ) ( NNPS Securities ) ( NNP Inc. ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG offering ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( VBG remaining ) ( QP ( CD 10 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS notes ) ) ) ) ) ) )

J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. is offering the remaining 10 million of notes


( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( DT The ) ( NNS notes ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN rated ) ( S ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ MIG-1 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNP Moody ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNPS Investors ) ( NNP Service ) ( NNP Inc ) ) ) ) ) )

The notes are rated MIG-1 by Moody 's Investors Service Inc


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Standard ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Poor ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN Corp. ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( NP ( PRP them ) ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN under ) ( NP ( NN review ) ) ) ) )

Standard & Poor 's Corp. has them under review


( NP-HLN ( NNP Federal ) ( NNP National ) ( NNP Mortgage ) ( NNP Association ) )

Federal National Mortgage Association


( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 400 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Remic ) ( NN mortgage ) ( NNS securities ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG being ) ( VP ( VBN offered ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 16 ) ( NNS classes ) ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Bear ) ( NNP Stearns ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Co ) ) ) ) ) )

400 million of Remic mortgage securities being offered in 16 classes by Bear Stearns & Co


( S ( NP-SBJ-84 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN offering ) ) ( NP ( NN Series ) ( CD 1989-83 ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN backed ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Fannie ) ( NNP Mae ) ( ADJP ( CD 9 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NNS securities ) ) ) ) ) )

The offering Series 1989-83 is backed by Fannie Mae 9 % securities


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN offering ) ) ( VP ( VBD used ) ( NP ( JJ at-market ) ( NN pricing ) ) ) )

The offering used at-market pricing


( S ( ADVP ( RB Separately ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Fannie ) ( NNP Mae ) ) ( VP ( VBD issued ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 400 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Remic ) ( NN mortgage ) ( NNS securities ) ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 12 ) ( NNS classes ) ) ) ( PP ( IN through ) ( NP ( NNP First ) ( NNP Boston ) ( NNP Corp ) ) ) ) )

Separately Fannie Mae issued 400 million of Remic mortgage securities in 12 classes through First Boston Corp


( S ( NP-SBJ-85 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN offering ) ) ( NP ( NN Series ) ( CD 1989-84 ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN backed ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Fannie ) ( NNP Mae ) ( ADJP ( CD 9 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NNS securities ) ) ) ) ) )

The offering Series 1989-84 is backed by Fannie Mae 9 % securities


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Pricing ) ( NNS details ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( RB n't ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ available ) ) ) )

Pricing details were n't available


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( CD two ) ( NNS offerings ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP bring ) ( NP-2 ( NP ( NNP Fannie ) ( NNP Mae ) ( POS 's ) ) ( CD 1989 ) ( NNP Remic ) ( NN issuance ) ) ( PP-DIR-3 ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 31 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( NP=2 ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ total ) ( NN volume ) ) ) ( PP-DIR=3 ( TO to ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 43.3 ) ( CD billion ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP-4 ( IN since ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN program ) ) ( VP ( VBD began ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP April ) ( CD 1987 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The two offerings bring Fannie Mae 's 1989 Remic issuance to 31 billion and its total volume to 43.3 billion since the program began in April 1987


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NNP Societa ) ( FW per ) ( NNP Azioni ) ( NNP Finanziaria ) ( NNP Industria ) ( NNP Manaifatturiera ) ) ( PRN ( NP-LOC ( NNP Italy ) ) ) )

Societa per Azioni Finanziaria Industria Manaifatturiera Italy


( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 150 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( ADJP ( CD 9 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN depository ) ( NNS receipts ) ) ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Nov. ) ( CD 27 ) ( CD 1994 ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN priced ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 101.60 ) ) ) ( S-CLR ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB yield ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 9.07 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( CC less ) ( NP ( NNS fees ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN via ) ( NP ( NNPS Bankers ) ( NNP Trust ) ( NNP International ) ( NNP Ltd ) ) ) )

150 million of 9 % depository receipts due Nov. 27 1994 priced at 101.60 to yield 9.07 % less fees via Bankers Trust International Ltd


( NP ( NP ( NNS Fees ) ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 1 ) ( CD 7\/8 ) ) ) )

Fees 1 7\/8


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NNP Mitsubishi ) ( NNP Corp ) ( NNP Finance ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( JJ Japanese ) ( NN parent ) ) ) )

Mitsubishi Corp Finance Japanese parent


( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 100 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( ADJP ( CD 8 ) ( CD 5\/8 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Nov. ) ( CD 1 ) ( CD 1993 ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN priced ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 101 ) ( CD 1\/4 ) ) ) ( S-CLR ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB yield ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 8.74 ) ( NN % ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB annually ) ) ( PP ( CC less ) ( NP ( JJ full ) ( NNS fees ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN via ) ( NP ( NNP Yamaichi ) ( NNP International ) ( PRN ( NNP Europe ) ) ( NNP Ltd ) ) ) )

100 million of 8 5\/8 % bonds due Nov. 1 1993 priced at 101 1\/4 to yield 8.74 % annually less full fees via Yamaichi International Europe Ltd


( NP ( NP ( NNS Fees ) ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 1 ) ( CD 5\/8 ) ) ) )

Fees 1 5\/8


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NNP Indian ) ( NNP Oil ) ( NNP Corp ) ) ( PRN ( NP-LOC ( NNP India ) ) ) )

Indian Oil Corp India


( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 200 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ floating-rate ) ( NNS notes ) ) ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP November ) ( CD 1994 ) ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBG paying ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ six-month ) ( NNP London ) ( NN interbank ) ( VBN offered ) ( NN rate ) ) ( CC plus ) ( NP ( CD 3\/16 ) ( NN point ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBN priced ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( JJ par ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN via ) ( NP ( NNP Credit ) ( NNP Suisse ) ( JJ First ) ( NNP Boston ) ( NNP Ltd ) ) ) )

200 million of floating-rate notes due November 1994 paying six-month London interbank offered rate plus 3\/16 point and priced at par via Credit Suisse First Boston Ltd


( VP ( VBN Guaranteed ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP India ) ) ) )

Guaranteed by India


( NP ( NP ( NNS Fees ) ) ( NP ( CD 0.36 ) ) )

Fees 0.36


( NP ( NP ( NNS Notes ) ) ( VP ( VBN offered ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ fixed ) ( NN level ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 99.75 ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Notes offered at a fixed level of 99.75


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NNP National ) ( NNP Westminster ) ( NNP Bank ) ( NNP PLC ) ) ( PRN ( NP-LOC ( NNP U.K. ) ) ) )

National Westminster Bank PLC U.K.


( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 200 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ undated ) ( JJ variable-rate ) ( NNS notes ) ) ( VP ( VBN priced ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( JJ par ) ) ) ( PP ( IN via ) ( NP ( NNP Merill ) ( NNP Lynch ) ( NNP International ) ( NNP Ltd ) ) ) ) ) ) )

200 million of undated variable-rate notes priced at par via Merill Lynch International Ltd


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJ Initial ) ( NN interest ) ( NN rate ) ) ( VP ( VBN set ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 0.375 ) ( NN point ) ) ) ( PP ( IN over ) ( NP ( JJ three-month ) ( NNP Libor ) ) ) ) )

Initial interest rate set at 0.375 point over three-month Libor


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJ Subsequent ) ( NNS margins ) ) ( VP ( VBN set ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( NP ( NP ( NN agreement ) ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( NNP NatWest ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Merrill ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Subsequent margins set by agreement between NatWest and Merrill


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN If ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT no ) ( NN margin ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( VBD agreed ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ fallback ) ( NN rate ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Libor ) ) ( CC plus ) ( NP ( CD 0.75 ) ( NN point ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNS years ) ( CD one ) ( TO to ) ( CD 15 ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNP Libor ) ) ( CC plus ) ( NP ( CD 1.25 ) ( NN point ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB thereafter ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

If no margin agreed there is a fallback rate of Libor plus 0.75 point in years one to 15 and Libor plus 1.25 point thereafter


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NNP Keihin ) ( NNP Electric ) ( NNP Express ) ( NNP Railway ) ( NNP Co ) ) ( PRN ( NP-LOC ( NNP Japan ) ) ) )

Keihin Electric Express Railway Co Japan


( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 150 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS bonds ) ) ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Nov. ) ( CD 9 ) ( CD 1993 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ equity-purchase ) ( NNS warrants ) ) ) ( VP ( VBG indicating ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 4 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN coupon ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( JJ par ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN via ) ( NP ( NNP Yamaichi ) ( NNP International ) ( PRN ( NNP Europe ) ) ( NNP Ltd ) ) ) )

150 million of bonds due Nov. 9 1993 with equity-purchase warrants indicating a 4 % coupon at par via Yamaichi International Europe Ltd


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Each ) ( ADJP ( CD 5,000 ) ) ( NN bond ) ) ( VP ( VBZ carries ) ( NP ( NP ( CD one ) ( NN warrant ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ exercisable ) ( PP-TMP ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Dec. ) ( CD 1 ) ( CD 1989 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN through ) ( NP ( NNP Nov. ) ( CD 2 ) ( CD 1993 ) ) ) ) ) ( S-2 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB buy ) ( NP ( NN company ) ( NNS shares ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ expected ) ( NN premium ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 2 ) ( CD 1\/2 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN closing ) ( NN share ) ( NN price ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS terms ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN fixed ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 24 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Each 5,000 bond carries one warrant exercisable from Dec. 1 1989 through Nov. 2 1993 to buy company shares at an expected premium of 2 1\/2 % to the closing share price when terms are fixed Oct. 24


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NNP Seiren ) ( NNP Co ) ) ( PRN ( NP-LOC ( NNP Japan ) ) ) )

Seiren Co Japan


( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 110 ) ( CD million ) ) ( JJ Swiss ) ( NNS francs ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB privately ) ( VBN placed ) ) ( JJ convertible ) ( NNS notes ) ) ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP March ) ( CD 31 ) ( CD 1994 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ indicated ) ( ADJP ( CD 0.25 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN coupon ) ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( JJ par ) ) ) ( PP ( IN via ) ( NP ( NNP Bank ) ( NNP Leu ) ( NNP Ltd ) ) ) )

110 million Swiss francs of privately placed convertible notes due March 31 1994 with an indicated 0.25 % coupon at par via Bank Leu Ltd


( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJ Put ) ( NN option ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP March ) ( CD 31 ) ( CD 1992 ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ indicated ) ( CD 109 ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB yield ) ( NP ( CD 3.865 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Put option on March 31 1992 at an indicated 109 to yield 3.865 %


( FRAG ( ADJP ( JJ Callable ) ( PP-TMP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP March ) ( CD 31 ) ( CD 1992 ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 109 ) ) ) ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VBG beginning ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Sept. ) ( CD 30 ) ( CD 1992 ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 101 ) ( CD 1\/2 ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBG declining ) ( NP-EXT ( PDT half ) ( DT a ) ( NN point ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB semiannually ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ par ) ) ) ) ) )

Callable on March 31 1992 at 109 also beginning Sept. 30 1992 from 101 1\/2 and declining half a point semiannually to par


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Each ) ( CD 50,000 ) ( JJ Swiss ) ( NN franc ) ( NN note ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ convertible ) ( PP ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Nov. ) ( CD 20 ) ( CD 1989 ) ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP March ) ( CD 17 ) ( CD 1994 ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ indicated ) ( ADJP ( CD 5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN premium ) ) ( PP ( IN over ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN closing ) ( NN share ) ( NN price ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NP ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 25 ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( NNS terms ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN scheduled ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN fixed ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Each 50,000 Swiss franc note is convertible from Nov. 20 1989 to March 17 1994 at an indicated 5 % premium over the closing share price Oct. 25 when terms are scheduled to be fixed


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NNP N. ) ( NNP Nomura ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Co ) ) ( PRN ( NP-LOC ( NNP Japan ) ) ) )

N. Nomura & Co Japan


( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 50 ) ( CD million ) ) ( JJ Swiss ) ( NNS francs ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB privately ) ( VBN placed ) ) ( JJ convertible ) ( NNS notes ) ) ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP March ) ( CD 31 ) ( CD 1994 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ indicated ) ( ADJP ( CD 0.5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN coupon ) ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( JJ par ) ) ) ( PP ( IN via ) ( NP ( NNP Bank ) ( NNP Julius ) ( NNP Baer ) ) ) )

50 million Swiss francs of privately placed convertible notes due March 31 1994 with an indicated 0.5 % coupon at par via Bank Julius Baer


( NP ( NP ( NP ( JJ Put ) ( NN option ) ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NNP March ) ( CD 31 ) ( CD 1992 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( JJ indicated ) ( QP ( CD 108 ) ( CD 1\/4 ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB yield ) ( NP ( CD 3.846 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Put option on March 31 1992 at an indicated 108 1\/4 to yield 3.846 %


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Each ) ( CD 50,000 ) ( JJ Swiss ) ( NN franc ) ( NN note ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ convertible ) ( PP ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Nov. ) ( CD 20 ) ( CD 1989 ) ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP March ) ( CD 17 ) ( CD 1994 ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( CD 5 ) ( NN % ) ) ( NN premium ) ) ( PP ( IN over ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN closing ) ( NN share ) ( NN price ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NP ( NNP Oct. ) ( CD 21 ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-2 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( NNS terms ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN scheduled ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN fixed ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Each 50,000 Swiss franc note is convertible from Nov. 20 1989 to March 17 1994 at a 5 % premium over the closing share price Oct. 21 when terms are scheduled to be fixed


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NNP Aegon ) ( NNP N.V ) ) ( PRN ( NP-LOC ( NNP Netherlands ) ) ) )

Aegon N.V Netherlands


( NP ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 250 ) ( CD million ) ) ( JJ Dutch ) ( NNS guilders ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 7 ) ( CD 3\/4 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( NNS bonds ) ) ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Nov. ) ( CD 15 ) ( CD 1999 ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN priced ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( QP ( CD 101 ) ( CD 1\/4 ) ) ) ) ( S-CLR ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB yield ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( CD 7.57 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NN issue ) ( NN price ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 7.86 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( CC less ) ( NP ( JJ full ) ( NNS fees ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN via ) ( NP ( NNP AMRO ) ( NNP Bank ) ) ) )

250 million Dutch guilders of 7 3\/4 % bonds due Nov. 15 1999 priced at 101 1\/4 to yield 7.57 % at issue price and 7.86 % less full fees via AMRO Bank


( NP ( NP ( NNS Fees ) ) ( NP ( CD 2 ) ) )

Fees 2


( NP-HLN ( NNP Continental ) ( NNPS Airlines ) )

Continental Airlines


( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ four-part ) ( ADJP ( QP ( CD 71 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( NN issue ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ secured ) ( NN equipment ) ( NNS certificates ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN priced ) ( PP ( IN through ) ( NP ( NNP Drexel ) ( NNP Burnham ) ( NNP Lambert ) ( NNP Inc ) ) ) ) )

a four-part 71 million issue of secured equipment certificates priced through Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN size ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN issue ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN decreased ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT an ) ( ADJP ( RB originally ) ( JJ planned ) ) ( QP ( CD 95.2 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The size of the issue was decreased from an originally planned 95.2 million


( S ( PP ( IN In ) ( NP ( NN addition ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ planned ) ( JJ two-part ) ( NN offering ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 58 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ unsecured ) ( NNS notes ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN offered ) ) ) )

In addition a planned two-part offering of 58 million in unsecured notes was n't offered


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ first ) ( NN part ) ) ( VP ( VBG consisting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 2.5 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( CD 11 ) ( CD 1\/4 ) ( NN % ) ) ( JJ secured ) ( NN equipment ) ( NNS certificates ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP June ) ( CD 15 ) ( CD 1990 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN priced ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 98.481 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN yield ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN maturity ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 13.75 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The first part consisting of 2.5 million of 11 1\/4 % secured equipment certificates due June 15 1990 was priced at 98.481 with a yield to maturity of 13.75 %


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ second ) ( NN part ) ) ( VP ( VBG consisting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 28 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( CD 11 ) ( CD 3\/4 ) ( NN % ) ) ( JJ secured ) ( NN equipment ) ( NNS certificates ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP June ) ( CD 15 ) ( CD 1995 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN priced ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 87.026 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN yield ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN maturity ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 15.25 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The second part consisting of 28 million of 11 3\/4 % secured equipment certificates due June 15 1995 was priced at 87.026 with a yield to maturity of 15.25 %


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ third ) ( NN part ) ) ( VP ( VBG consisting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 18.5 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( CD 12 ) ( CD 1\/8 ) ( NN % ) ) ( JJ secured ) ( NN equipment ) ( NNS certificates ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP April ) ( CD 15 ) ( CD 1996 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN priced ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 85.60 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN yield ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN maturity ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 15.75 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The third part consisting of 18.5 million of 12 1\/8 % secured equipment certificates due April 15 1996 was priced at 85.60 with a yield to maturity of 15.75 %


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ fourth ) ( NN part ) ) ( VP ( VBG consisting ) ( PP-CLR ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 22 ) ( CD million ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( CD 12 ) ( CD 1\/2 ) ( NN % ) ) ( JJ secured ) ( NN equipment ) ( NNS certificates ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ due ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP April ) ( CD 15 ) ( CD 1999 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN priced ) ( PP-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 85.339 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN yield ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN maturity ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD 15.50 ) ( NN % ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The fourth part consisting of 22 million of 12 1\/2 % secured equipment certificates due April 15 1999 was priced at 85.339 with a yield to maturity of 15.50 %


( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( DT The ) ( NN issue ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VP ( VBN rated ) ( S ( ADJP-PRD-1 ( JJ single-B-2 ) ) ) ( PP-2 ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP Moody ) ( POS 's ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( ADJP-PRD=1 ( JJ single-B ) ) ( PP=2 ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NNP S&P ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The issue was rated single-B-2 by Moody 's and single-B by S&P


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT All ) ( NNS parts ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN issue ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ callable ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN time ) ) ) ( PP-1 ( IN at ) ( NP ( JJ par ) ) ) ) )

All parts of the issue are callable at any time at par


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Continental ) ( NNPS Airlines ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN unit ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Texas ) ( NNP Air ) ( NNP Corp ) ) ) ) ) )

Continental Airlines is a unit of Texas Air Corp


( NP-HLN ( NP ( NN Part ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN Series ) ) ) )

Part of a Series


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Betty ) ( NNP Lombardi ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ mild-mannered ) ( NN homemaker ) ( CC and ) ( NN grandmother ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ rural ) ( NNP Hunterdon ) ( NNP County ) ) ( NP ( NNP N.J ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Betty Lombardi is a mild-mannered homemaker and grandmother in rural Hunterdon County N.J


( S ( CC But ) ( S ( VP ( VB put ) ( NP ( PRP her ) ) ( PP-PUT ( IN behind ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN shopping ) ( NN cart ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( VBZ turns ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ ruthless ) ) ) ) )

But put her behind a shopping cart and she turns ruthless


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN If ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Colgate ) ( NN toothpaste ) ) ( VP ( VBZ offers ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ tempting ) ( NN money-saving ) ( NN coupon ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( MD 'll ) ( VP ( VB cross ) ( NP ( NNP Crest ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN off ) ( NP ( PRP$ her ) ( NN shopping ) ( NN list ) ) ) ( PP ( IN without ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ second ) ( NN thought ) ) ) ) ) )

If Colgate toothpaste offers a tempting money-saving coupon she 'll cross Crest off her shopping list without a second thought


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Never ) ) ( VP ( VB mind ) ( SBAR ( DT that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ her ) ( NN husband ) ) ( VP ( VBZ prefers ) ( NP ( NNP Crest ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Never mind that her husband prefers Crest


( S ( NP-TMP ( DT Some ) ( NNS weeks ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ her ) ( NN supermarket ) ) ( VP ( VBZ runs ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN double-coupon ) ( NN promotion ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( VBZ boasts ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( VBZ shaves ) ( NP ( CD 22 ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN off ) ( NP ( PRP$ her ) ( NN bill ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Some weeks when her supermarket runs a double-coupon promotion she boasts that she shaves 22 off her bill


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Money ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( RB n't ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ only ) ( NN thing ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ makes ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP her ) ) ( VP ( VB dump ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RB once ) ( JJ favorite ) ) ( NNS brands ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Money is n't the only thing that makes her dump once favorite brands


( S ( SBAR-TMP ( IN After ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( VBD heard ) ( PP-CLR ( IN about ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN artery-clogging ) ( NNS hazards ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ tropical ) ( NNS oils ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( JJ many ) ( NNS cookies ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD dropped ) ( NP ( NNP Pepperidge ) ( NNP Farm ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD started ) ( S ( VP ( VBG buying ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS brands ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ free ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( NNS oils ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

After she heard about the artery-clogging hazards of tropical oils in many cookies she dropped Pepperidge Farm and started buying brands free of such oils


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB always ) ) ( VP ( VBD thought ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Pepperidge ) ( NNP Farm ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( JJ tasty ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADJP ( JJ high ) ( NN quality ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mrs. ) ( NNP Lombardi ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) )

I always thought Pepperidge Farm was tasty and high quality Mrs. Lombardi says


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB want ) ( NP ( NP ( DT any ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT that ) ( NN oil ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( PRP$ my ) ( NNS grandkids ) ) ) ) ) )

But I do n't want any of that oil for my grandkids


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Pepperidge ) ( NNP Farm ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD ca ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB tell ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WHADJP ( RB exactly ) ( WRB how ) ( JJ many ) ) ( NNS customers ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN lost ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ hopes ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB remove ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ objectionable ) ( JJ tropical ) ( NN oil ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT all ) ( PRP$ its ) ( NNS products ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NN year ) ( NN end ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Pepperidge Farm says it ca n't tell exactly how many customers it has lost but it hopes to remove the objectionable tropical oil from all its products by year end


( S ( ADVP ( RB Clearly ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS people ) ) ( PP ( IN like ) ( NP ( NNP Mrs. ) ( NNP Lombardi ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG giving ) ( NP ( NNS marketers ) ) ( NP ( NNS fits ) ) ) ) )

Clearly people like Mrs. Lombardi are giving marketers fits


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP She ) ) ( VP ( VBZ represents ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ new ) ( NN breed ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ savvy ) ( NN consumer ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ puts ) ( NP ( NP ( NN bargain ) ( NNS prices ) ) ( NP ( ADJP ( JJ nutritional ) ( CC and ) ( JJ environmental ) ) ( NNS concerns ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS priorities ) ) ) ( ADVP-PUT ( RB ahead ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ old-fashioned ) ( NN brand ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

She represents a new breed of savvy consumer who puts bargain prices nutritional and environmental concerns and other priorities ahead of old-fashioned brand loyalty


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN While ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN brand ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( PP-PRD ( RB far ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( ADJP ( JJ dead ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN marketing ) ( NNS experts ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN eroded ) ( PP-TMP ( IN during ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS 1980s ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

While brand loyalty is far from dead marketing experts say it has eroded during the 1980s


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNS Marketers ) ) ( ADVP ( PRP themselves ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADVP ( RB partly ) ) ( PP-PRD ( TO to ) ( ADJP ( VB blame ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( VBP 've ) ( VP ( VBN increased ) ( NP ( NP ( VBG spending ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS coupons ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( JJ short-term ) ( NNS promotions ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN at ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN expense ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ image-building ) ( NN advertising ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Marketers themselves are partly to blame They 've increased spending for coupons and other short-term promotions at the expense of image-building advertising


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( WHNP-1 ( WP What ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( NP-PRD ( JJR more ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN flood ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ new ) ( NNS products ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN given ) ( NP ( NNS consumers ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ dizzying ) ( NN choice ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS brands ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-2 ( NP ( JJ many ) ) ( WHPP ( IN of ) ( WHNP ( WDT which ) ) ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADVP ( RB virtually ) ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NN carbon ) ( NNS copies ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( CD one ) ( JJ other ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

What 's more a flood of new products has given consumers a dizzying choice of brands many of which are virtually carbon copies of one other


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Marketers ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN brought ) ( NP ( DT this ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP themselves ) ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ heavy ) ( NN use ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS promotions ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ contends ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Joe ) ( NNP Plummer ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT an ) ( NN executive ) ( NN vice ) ( NN president ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP D'Arcy ) ( NNP Masius ) ( NNP Benton ) ( CC & ) ( NNP Bowles ) ( NN ad ) ( NN agency ) ) ) ) ) )

Marketers have brought this on themselves with their heavy use of promotions contends Joe Plummer an executive vice president at the D'Arcy Masius Benton & Bowles ad agency


( S ( PP ( IN Without ) ( NP ( DT some ) ( JJ real ) ( NN product ) ( NNS improvements ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( VP ( VBG going ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ difficult ) ) ) ) ) ( S-1 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB win ) ( NP ( DT that ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB back ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Without some real product improvements it 's going to be difficult to win that loyalty back


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NP ( DT The ) ( NNP Wall ) ( NNP Street ) ( NNP Journal ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NX ( JJ American ) ( NN Way ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN Buying ) ) ) ) ( NN survey ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT this ) ( NN year ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD found ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJS most ) ( NNS consumers ) ) ( VP ( VBP switch ) ( NP ( NNS brands ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ many ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS products ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP use ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Wall Street Journal 's American Way of Buying survey this year found that most consumers switch brands for many of the products they use


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN survey ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Peter ) ( NNP D. ) ( NNP Hart ) ( NNP Research ) ( NNPS Associates ) ) ( VP ( VBD asked ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( DT some ) ( CD 2,000 ) ) ( NNS consumers ) ) ( PP ( VBG including ) ( NP ( NNP Mrs. ) ( NNP Lombardi ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( IN whether ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VP ( ADVP-TMP ( RB usually ) ) ( VBP buy ) ( NP ( NP ( CD one ) ( NN brand ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ certain ) ( NN type ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN product ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC or ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN brand ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For the survey Peter D. Hart Research Associates asked some 2,000 consumers including Mrs. Lombardi whether they usually buy one brand of a certain type of product or have no brand loyalty


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( QP ( JJR More ) ( IN than ) ( PDT half ) ) ( DT the ) ( NNS users ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 17 ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 25 ) ( NNS products ) ) ( VP ( VBN included ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN survey ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( NP-PRD ( NN brand ) ( NNS switchers ) ) ) ) ) ) )

More than half the users of 17 of the 25 products included in the survey said they 're brand switchers


( S ( ADVP ( RB Overall ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( CD 12 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS consumers ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( RB n't ) ( ADJP-PRD ( NN brand ) ( JJ loyal ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT any ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 25 ) ( NN product ) ( NNS categories ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Overall 12 % of consumers are n't brand loyal for any of the 25 product categories


( S ( NP-SBJ ( QP ( IN About ) ( CD 47 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ loyal ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD one ) ( TO to ) ( CD five ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS products ) ) ) ) ) ) )

About 47 % are loyal for one to five of the products


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( QP ( RB Only ) ( CD 2 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( NN brand ) ( JJ loyal ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD 16 ) ( TO to ) ( CD 20 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS categories ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT no ) ( NN one ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ loyal ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( JJR more ) ( IN than ) ( CD 20 ) ) ( NNS types ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS products ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Only 2 % are brand loyal in 16 to 20 of the categories and no one is loyal for more than 20 types of products


( S ( PP ( IN For ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ such ) ( NNS products ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ canned ) ( NNS vegetables ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ athletic ) ( NNS shoes ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN devotion ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ single ) ( NN brand ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB quite ) ( JJ low ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( S-NOM ( NP-SBJ ( QP ( JJR fewer ) ( IN than ) ( CD 30 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( VP ( VBG saying ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB usually ) ) ( VP ( VBP buy ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ( NN brand ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

For such products as canned vegetables and athletic shoes devotion to a single brand was quite low with fewer than 30 % saying they usually buy the same brand


( SINV ( PP ( ADVP ( RB Only ) ) ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNS cigarettes ) ( NN mayonnaise ) ( CC and ) ( NN toothpaste ) ) ) ( VBD did ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( QP ( JJR more ) ( IN than ) ( CD 60 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS users ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VB say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( ADVP ( RB typically ) ) ( VP ( VBP stick ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ( NN brand ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Only for cigarettes mayonnaise and toothpaste did more than 60 % of users say they typically stick with the same brand


( S ( NP-SBJ-2 ( NNS People ) ) ( VP ( VBP tend ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RBS most ) ( JJ loyal ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS brands ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WDT that ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( JJ distinctive ) ( NNS flavors ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( JJ such ) ( IN as ) ( NP ( NNS cigarettes ) ( CC and ) ( NN ketchup ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

People tend to be most loyal to brands that have distinctive flavors such as cigarettes and ketchup


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Kathie ) ( NNP Huff ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN respondent ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Journal ) ( NN survey ) ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Spokane ) ) ( NP ( NNP Wash. ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP$ her ) ( NN husband ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ adamant ) ) ( PP ( IN about ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG eating ) ( NP ( JJ only ) ( NP ( NNP Hunt ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN ketchup ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Kathie Huff a respondent in the Journal survey from Spokane Wash. says her husband is adamant about eating only Hunt 's ketchup


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( ADVP ( RB simply ) ) ( VP ( MD ca ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB stomach ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN taste ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP Heinz ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP she ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) )

He simply ca n't stomach the taste of Heinz she says


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ 31-year-old ) ( NN homemaker ) ) ( VP ( VBZ adds ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( RB only ) ( JJ other ) ( NN thing ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VBP 'm ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB really ) ( JJ loyal ) ( PP ( TO to ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( PRP$ my ) ( NNP Virginia ) ( NNP Slims ) ( NNS cigarettes ) ) ) ) ) )

The 31-year-old homemaker adds The only other thing I 'm really loyal to is my Virginia Slims cigarettes


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Coke ) ( CC and ) ( NNP Pepsi ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( PDT all ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP me ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB usually ) ) ( VP ( VBP buy ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WHNP ( WDT whichever ) ( NN brand ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN coffee ) ) ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ happens ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( PP-PRD ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN sale ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Coke and Pepsi are all the same to me and I usually buy whichever brand of coffee happens to be on sale


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Brand ) ( NN imagery ) ) ( VP ( VBZ plays ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ significant ) ( NN role ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NN loyalty ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ such ) ( NNS products ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NNS cigarettes ) ( NN perfume ) ( CC and ) ( NN beer ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Brand imagery plays a significant role in loyalty to such products as cigarettes perfume and beer


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS People ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB often ) ) ( VP ( VBP stay ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ particular ) ( NN brand ) ) ) ( SBAR-PRP ( IN because ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP want ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBN associated ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN image ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( NN advertising ) ) ( VP ( VBZ conveys ) ) ) ) ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN whether ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NN macho ) ( NNP Marlboro ) ( NNS cigarettes ) ) ( CC or ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Cher ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP Uninhibited ) ( NN perfume ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

People often stay with a particular brand because they want to be associated with the image its advertising conveys whether that 's macho Marlboro cigarettes or Cher 's Uninhibited perfume


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Loyalty ) ) ( VP ( VBZ lags ) ( ADVP ( RBS most ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ utilitarian ) ( NNS products ) ) ( PP ( IN like ) ( NP ( NP ( NN trash ) ( NNS bags ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNS batteries ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Loyalty lags most for utilitarian products like trash bags and batteries


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( QP ( RB Only ) ( CD 23 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NN trash-bag ) ( NNS users ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Journal ) ( NN survey ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB usually ) ) ( VP ( VBP buy ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ( NN brand ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( QP ( RB just ) ( CD 29 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN battery ) ( NNS buyers ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP stick ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( CD one ) ( NN brand ) ) ) ) ) )

Only 23 % of trash-bag users in the Journal survey usually buy the same brand and just 29 % of battery buyers stick to one brand


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Underwear ) ) ( VP ( VBD scored ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ middling ) ( CD 36 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NN brand ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN consumer ) ( NNS researchers ) ) ( VP ( VBP say ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT that ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADVP ( RB actually ) ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB quite ) ( JJ high ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( DT a ) ( JJ mundane ) ( NN product ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Underwear scored a middling 36 % in brand loyalty but consumer researchers say that 's actually quite high for such a mundane product


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( PP-TMP ( IN In ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN past ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( VP ( ADVP ( RB just ) ) ( VBD wore ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Fruit ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Loom ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD did ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB care ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Peter ) ( NNP Kim ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN director ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN consumer ) ( NN behavior ) ( NN research ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP J. ) ( NNP Walter ) ( NNP Thompson ) ( NN ad ) ( NN agency ) ) ) ) ) )

In the past you just wore Fruit of the Loom and did n't care says Peter Kim U.S. director of consumer behavior research for the J. Walter Thompson ad agency


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJ high ) ( NN score ) ) ( VP ( VBZ reflects ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS attempts ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN underwear ) ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( JJR more ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN fashion ) ( NN image ) ( NN business ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT both ) ( NNS men ) ( CC and ) ( NNS women ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The high score reflects the attempts to make underwear more of a fashion image business for both men and women


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBZ believes ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( NP-PRD ( NN opportunity ) ( SBAR ( IN for ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( JJ smart ) ( NN gasoline ) ( NN marketer ) ) ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB create ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ strong ) ( NN brand ) ( NN image ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJR more ) ( NN consumer ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He believes there 's opportunity for a smart gasoline marketer to create a strong brand image and more consumer loyalty


( S-2 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( WP What ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ) ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN gas ) ( NNS brands ) ) ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ believes ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN matter ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG stopping ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN at ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( ADVP ( RBS most ) ( RB conveniently ) ) ( JJ located ) ) ( NN service ) ( NNS stations ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

What loyalty there is to gas brands he believes is a matter of stopping at the most conveniently located service stations


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Brand ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJR stronger ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN among ) ( NP ( JJR older ) ( NNS consumers ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Journal ) ( NN survey ) ) ) ) )

Brand loyalty was stronger among older consumers in the Journal survey


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( RB Nearly ) ( NN one-fourth ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS participants ) ) ( UCP ( NP ( NN age ) ( CD 60 ) ) ( CC and ) ( ADJP ( JJR older ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP claim ) ( NP ( NN brand ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( JJR more ) ( IN than ) ( CD 10 ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD 25 ) ( NNS products ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN survey ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( QP ( RB only ) ( CD 9 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT those ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN age ) ) ( QP ( CD 18 ) ( TO to ) ( CD 29 ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( JJ strong ) ( NN allegiance ) ) ) ) )

Nearly one-fourth of participants age 60 and older claim brand loyalty for more than 10 of the 25 products in the survey only 9 % of those age 18 to 29 have such strong allegiance


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJR Higher-income ) ( NNS people ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VB tend ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( RBR more ) ( NN brand ) ( JJ loyal ) ) ( NP-TMP ( DT these ) ( NNS days ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Journal ) ( NN survey ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NN research ) ( NNS studies ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP indicate ) ) )

Higher-income people also tend to be more brand loyal these days the Journal survey and other research studies indicate


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Marketers ) ) ( VP ( VBP speculate ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-3 ( ADJP ( JJR more ) ( JJ affluent ) ) ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBP tend ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB lead ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ pressured ) ) ( NNS lives ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( NN time ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB research ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS products ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP buy ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NX ( NX ( JJS highest ) ( NN quality ) ) ( CC and ) ( NX ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ reasonable ) ) ( NN price ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Marketers speculate that more affluent people tend to lead more pressured lives and do n't have time to research the products they buy for the highest quality and most reasonable price


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT An ) ( JJ established ) ( NN brand ) ( NN name ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NN insurance ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( ADVP ( IN at ) ( JJS least ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN product ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( UCP-PRD ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ acceptable ) ( NN quality ) ) ) ( CONJP ( IN if ) ( RB not ) ) ( NP ( NP ( RB always ) ( DT the ) ( JJS best ) ( NN value ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN money ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

An established brand name is insurance that at least the product will be of acceptable quality if not always the best value for the money


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP It ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADVP ( NN sort ) ( IN of ) ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( NN loyalty ) ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NN default ) ) ) ) ) )

It 's sort of loyalty by default


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Meanwhile ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ bottom ) ( NN end ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG becoming ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RBR less ) ( JJ loyal ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Laurel ) ( NNP Cutler ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN vice ) ( NN chairman ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN ad ) ( NN agency ) ) ( NP ( NNP FCB\/Leber ) ( NNP Katz ) ( NNPS Partners ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Meanwhile the bottom end of the market is becoming less loyal says Laurel Cutler vice chairman of the ad agency FCB\/Leber Katz Partners


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( VP ( VBG buying ) ( SBAR-NOM ( WHNP-1 ( WDT whatever ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJR cheaper ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

They 're buying whatever 's cheaper


( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJS biggest ) ( JJ wild ) ( NN card ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN brand ) ( NN loyalty ) ( NN game ) ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB How ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT those ) ( ADJP ( ADJP ( RB hotly ) ( JJ pursued ) ) ( CC but ) ( ADJP ( RB highly ) ( JJ unpredictable ) ) ) ( NN baby ) ( NNS boomers ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB behave ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN as ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP move ) ( PP-DIR ( IN into ) ( NP ( JJ middle ) ( NN age ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The biggest wild card in the brand loyalty game How those hotly pursued but highly unpredictable baby boomers will behave as they move into middle age


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP They ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD grew ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB up ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( JJR more ) ( NN brand ) ( NNS choices ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN generation ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN shown ) ( NP ( JJR less ) ( NN allegiance ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB so ) ( RB far ) ) ) ) ) )

They grew up with more brand choices than any generation and have shown less allegiance so far


( SQ ( CC But ) ( SBAR-ADV ( RB now ) ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP 're ) ( VP ( VP ( VBG settling ) ( ADVP-CLR ( RB down ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBG raising ) ( NP ( NNS families ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( MD might ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( ADVP ( RB also ) ) ( VP ( VB show ) ( NP ( JJR more ) ( NN stability ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN brand ) ( NNS choices ) ) ) ) )

But now that they 're settling down and raising families might they also show more stability in their brand choices


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Kim ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNP J. ) ( NNP Walter ) ( NNP Thompson ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ does ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB think ) ( ADVP-PRD ( RB so ) ) ) ) )

Mr. Kim of J. Walter Thompson does n't think so


( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP He ) ) ( VP ( VBZ believes ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NN baby ) ( NNS boomers ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB continue ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ selective ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NN brand ) ( NNS loyalties ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

He believes baby boomers will continue to be selective in their brand loyalties


( S-2 ( S ( NP-SBJ ( JJR Earlier ) ( NNS generations ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( NN brand ) ( JJ loyal ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN across ) ( NP ( NNS categories ) ) ) ) ) ( PRN ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNS boomers ) ) ( VP ( VBP tend ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD-3 ( NN brand ) ( JJ loyal ) ) ( PP-LOC-4 ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS categories ) ) ( PP ( IN like ) ( NP ( NP ( NN running ) ( NNS shoes ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ bottled ) ( NN water ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( VP ( ADJP-PRD=3 ( RBR less ) ( RB so ) ) ( PP-LOC=4 ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS others ) ) ( PP ( IN like ) ( NP ( NP ( NN toilet ) ( NN paper ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNS appliances ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Earlier generations were brand loyal across categories he says but boomers tend to be brand loyal in categories like running shoes and bottled water but less so in others like toilet paper and appliances


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN While ) ( S ( RB not ) ( ADJP-PRD ( ADJP ( RB as ) ( NN brand ) ( JJ loyal ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN past ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS consumers ) ) ( ADVP-TMP ( NN today ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP do ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB buy ) ( NP ( NNS products ) ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB capriciously ) ) ( ADVP ( RB either ) ) ) ) )

While not as brand loyal as in the past consumers today do n't buy products capriciously either


( S ( ADVP ( RB Rather ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP tend ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB have ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN set ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( QP ( CD two ) ( CC or ) ( CD three ) ) ( NNS favorites ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Rather they tend to have a set of two or three favorites


( S ( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Sometimes ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( MD 'll ) ( VP ( VB choose ) ( NP ( NNP Ragu ) ( NNS spaghetti ) ( NN sauce ) ) ) ) ) ( S ( NP-TMP ( JJ other ) ( NNS times ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( NNP Prego ) ) ) ) ) )

Sometimes they 'll choose Ragu spaghetti sauce other times it will be Prego


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS Advertisers ) ) ( VP ( VBP attribute ) ( NP ( DT this ) ( JJ shared ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ striking ) ( NN similarity ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN among ) ( NP ( NNS brands ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Advertisers attribute this shared loyalty to the striking similarity among brands


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN If ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ absorbent ) ) ( NNPS Pampers ) ) ( VP ( VBZ hits ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN market ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP you ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ sure ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( ADJP ( JJ new ) ( CC and ) ( JJ improved ) ) ( NNPS Huggies ) ) ( VP ( MD wo ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( ADVP-LOC-PRD ( RB far ) ( RB behind ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

If a more absorbent Pampers hits the market you can be sure a new and improved Huggies wo n't be far behind


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NNP BBDO ) ( NNP Worldwide ) ( NN ad ) ( NN agency ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD studied ) ( NP ( NN brand ) ( NN parity ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD found ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS consumers ) ) ( VP ( VBP believe ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT all ) ( NNS brands ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( IN about ) ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN number ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS categories ) ) ) ) ( ADVP ( RB particularly ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN credit ) ( NNS cards ) ) ( NP ( NN paper ) ( NNS towels ) ) ( NP ( JJ dry ) ( NNS soups ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN snack ) ( NNS chips ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The BBDO Worldwide ad agency studied brand parity and found that consumers believe all brands are about the same in a number of categories particularly credit cards paper towels dry soups and snack chips


( S ( S-TPC-4 ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-5 ( WRB When ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( EX there ) ) ( VP ( VBZ 's ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN clutter ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS brands ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-6 ( NNS consumers ) ) ( VP ( VBP simplify ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN complexity ) ) ( PP-MNR ( IN by ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG telling ) ( NP ( PRP themselves ) ) ( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT All ) ( NNS brands ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( JJ same ) ) ) ) ( CC so ) ( SBARQ ( WHNP-1 ( WDT what ) ( NN difference ) ) ( SQ ( VBZ does ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( VB make ) ( SBAR-2 ( WHNP-3 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP I ) ) ( VP ( VBP buy ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Karen ) ( NNP Olshan ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ senior ) ( NN vice ) ( NN president ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP BBDO ) ) ) ) ) )

When there 's a clutter of brands consumers simplify the complexity by telling themselves All brands are the same so what difference does it make which I buy says Karen Olshan a senior vice president at BBDO


( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Too ) ( RB often ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NN advertising ) ( NN imagery ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( RB n't ) ( VP ( VBN done ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ good ) ( NN job ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG forging ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ special ) ( JJ emotional ) ( NN bond ) ) ( PP ( IN between ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN brand ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN consumer ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Too often advertising imagery has n't done a good job of forging a special emotional bond between a brand and the consumer


( S ( CC But ) ( PP ( VBN given ) ( NP ( JJ such ) ( JJ strong ) ( NN brand ) ( NN disloyalty ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT some ) ( NNS marketers ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBG putting ) ( NP ( VBN renewed ) ( NN emphasis ) ) ( PP-PUT ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN image ) ( NN advertising ) ) ) ) ) )

But given such strong brand disloyalty some marketers are putting renewed emphasis on image advertising


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( DT A ) ( ADJP ( JJ small ) ( CC but ) ( VBG growing ) ) ( NN number ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS companies ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADVP-PRD ( RB also ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBG trying ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB instill ) ( NP ( ADJP ( RBR more ) ( JJ fervent ) ) ( NN brand ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ( PP ( IN through ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ such ) ( JJ personalized ) ( NN direct-marketing ) ( NNS ploys ) ) ( PP ( IN as ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNS catalogs ) ) ( NP ( NNS magazines ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN membership ) ( NNS clubs ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN brand ) ( NNS users ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A small but growing number of companies are also trying to instill more fervent brand loyalty through such personalized direct-marketing ploys as catalogs magazines and membership clubs for brand users


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN While ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN discount ) ( NNS promotions ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ essential ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJS most ) ( NNS brands ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT some ) ( NNS companies ) ) ( VP ( VBP concede ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD went ) ( ADVP-PRD ( RB overboard ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG shifting ) ( NP ( NN money ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN from ) ( NP ( NN advertising ) ) ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS coupons ) ) ( NP ( NNS refunds ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ other ) ( NNS sales ) ( NNS incentives ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

While discount promotions are essential for most brands some companies concede they went overboard in shifting money from advertising to coupons refunds and other sales incentives


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT Some ) ( NNS people ) ) ( VP ( VBP argue ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJ strong ) ( NNS brands ) ) ( VP ( MD can ) ( VP ( VB afford ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB stop ) ( S ( VP ( VBG advertising ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN time ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ residual ) ( NN impact ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NNS hundreds ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS millions ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS dollars ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBN spent ) ( PP-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( NN advertising ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN through ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS years ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Some people argue that strong brands can afford to stop advertising for a time because of the residual impact of hundreds of millions of dollars spent on advertising through the years


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJS most ) ( NNS companies ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB too ) ( JJ afraid ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB take ) ( NP ( DT that ) ( NN chance ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But most companies are too afraid to take that chance


( FRAG ( CC And ) ( ADVP ( RB perhaps ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ good ) ( NN reason ) ) ) )

And perhaps with good reason


( SINV ( VP ( VBZ Says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Clayt ) ( NNP Wilhite ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN president ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP D'Arcy ) ( NNP Masius ) ( NN ad ) ( NN agency ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNP U.S. ) ( NN division ) ) ) ) ) ( S-2 ( NP-TMP ( NP ( DT Every ) ( NN time ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( CD 24 ) ( NNS hours ) ) ( VP ( VBP pass ) ( PP ( IN without ) ( NP ( DT any ) ( NN advertising ) ( NN reinforcement ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN brand ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB diminish ) ( ADVP ( RB ever ) ( RB so ) ( RB slightly ) ) ( PP ( ADVP ( RB even ) ) ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ powerful ) ( NN brand ) ) ( PP ( IN like ) ( NP ( NNP Budweiser ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Says Clayt Wilhite president of the D'Arcy Masius ad agency 's U.S. division Every time 24 hours pass without any advertising reinforcement brand loyalty will diminish ever so slightly even for a powerful brand like Budweiser


( S ( VP ( VB Consider ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN example ) ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-1 ( WP what ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBD happened ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Maxwell ) ( NNP House ) ( NN coffee ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Consider for example what happened to Maxwell House coffee


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( DT The ) ( NNP Kraft ) ( NNP General ) ( NNPS Foods ) ( NN brand ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD stopped ) ( S ( VP ( VBG advertising ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( QP ( IN about ) ( DT a ) ) ( NN year ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1987 ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBD gave ) ( PRT ( RP up ) ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ several ) ( NN market ) ( NN share ) ( NNS points ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN leadership ) ( NN position ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN coffee ) ( NN business ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The Kraft General Foods brand stopped advertising for about a year in 1987 and gave up several market share points and its leadership position in the coffee business


( S ( CC But ) ( PP-TMP ( IN since ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG returning ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN advertising ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Maxwell ) ( NNP House ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN regained ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( JJ lost ) ( NN share ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG running ) ( ADVP-MNR ( NN neck ) ( CC and ) ( NN neck ) ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ archrival ) ( NNP Folgers ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But since returning to advertising Maxwell House has regained the lost share and is running neck and neck with archrival Folgers


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Now ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Philip ) ( NNP Morris ) ) ( PRN ( NP ( NP ( NNP Kraft ) ( NNP General ) ( NNPS Foods ) ( POS ' ) ) ( NN parent ) ( NN company ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( VBN committed ) ( PP ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN coffee ) ( NN business ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( VBN increased ) ( NN advertising ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NNP Maxwell ) ( NNP House ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Dick ) ( NNP Mayer ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NN president ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP General ) ( NNPS Foods ) ( NNP USA ) ( NN division ) ) ) ) ) )

Now Philip Morris Kraft General Foods ' parent company is committed to the coffee business and to increased advertising for Maxwell House says Dick Mayer president of the General Foods USA division


( S ( SBAR-ADV ( RB Even ) ( IN though ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN brand ) ( NN loyalty ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB rather ) ( JJ strong ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN coffee ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBP need ) ( NP ( NN advertising ) ) ( S-PRP ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB maintain ) ( CC and ) ( VB strengthen ) ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Even though brand loyalty is rather strong for coffee we need advertising to maintain and strengthen it


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Campbell ) ( NNP Soup ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( CD one ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ has ) ( VP ( VBN concluded ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( PRP it ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ makes ) ( NP ( JJ good ) ( NN sense ) ) ( S-3 ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB focus ) ( ADVP ( ADVP ( RBR more ) ( PP-LOC-CLR ( IN on ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( ADJP ( RBS most ) ( JJ loyal ) ) ( NNS customers ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN than ) ( PP ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS people ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-4 ( WP who ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBP buy ) ( NP ( JJ competitive ) ( NNS brands ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Campbell Soup Co. for one has concluded that it makes good sense to focus more on its most loyal customers than on people who buy competitive brands


( SINV ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT The ) ( NN probability ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG converting ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN non-user ) ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( NN brand ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( NP-PRD ( NP ( IN about ) ( CD three ) ) ( PP ( IN in ) ( NP ( CD 1,000 ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ says ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Tony ) ( NNP Adams ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN vice ) ( NN president ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN marketing ) ( NN research ) ) ) ) ) )

The probability of converting a non-user to your brand is about three in 1,000 says Tony Adams the company 's vice president for marketing research


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( JJS best ) ( NNS odds ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( PP-PRD ( IN with ) ( NP ( PRP$ your ) ( NN core ) ( NN franchise ) ) ) ) )

The best odds are with your core franchise


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ Our ) ( JJ heavy ) ( NNS users ) ) ( VP ( VBP consume ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( CD two ) ( TO to ) ( CD three ) ) ( NNS cans ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NN soup ) ) ) ( NP-ADV ( DT a ) ( NN week ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( MD 'd ) ( VP ( VB like ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB increase ) ( NP ( DT that ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Our heavy users consume two to three cans of soup a week and we 'd like to increase that


( S ( CC So ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NNP Campbell ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG talking ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN brand ) ( NNS enthusiasts ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG probing ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( JJ psychological ) ( NN attachment ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN soup ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

So Campbell is talking to its brand enthusiasts probing their psychological attachment to its soup


( S ( PP-LOC ( IN In ) ( NP ( CD one ) ( NN consumer ) ( NN focus ) ( NN group ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT a ) ( NN fan ) ) ( VP ( VBD declared ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Campbell ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN soup ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( PP-PRD ( IN like ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG getting ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN hug ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN friend ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

In one consumer focus group a fan declared that Campbell 's soup is like getting a hug from a friend


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ) ( VP ( VBD helped ) ( VP ( VB persuade ) ( NP-1 ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB introduce ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( JJ new ) ( NN advertising ) ( NN slogan ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT A ) ( JJ warm ) ( NN hug ) ) ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NNP Campbell ) ( POS 's ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

That helped persuade the company to introduce a new advertising slogan A warm hug from Campbell 's


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN Bridge ) ( CC and ) ( NN highway ) ( NNS collapses ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( VP ( VB disrupt ) ( NP ( NP ( NN truck ) ( CC and ) ( NN auto ) ( NN transportation ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP San ) ( NNP Francisco ) ( NNP Bay ) ( NN area ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS months ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB come ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Bridge and highway collapses will disrupt truck and auto transportation in the San Francisco Bay area for months to come


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN rail ) ( NN air ) ( CC and ) ( NN ocean-shipping ) ( NNS links ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN area ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD escaped ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Tuesday ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN earthquake ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN with ) ( NP ( JJ only ) ( JJ minor ) ( NN damage ) ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( JJ many ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN expected ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( VP ( VBG operating ) ( ADVP-MNR ( RB normally ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NN today ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN government ) ( CC and ) ( JJ corporate ) ( NN transport ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

But rail air and ocean-shipping links to the area escaped Tuesday 's earthquake with only minor damage and many are expected to be operating normally today government and corporate transport officials said


( S ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN Air ) ( NN traffic ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN at ) ( NP ( NNP San ) ( NNP Francisco ) ( NNP International ) ( NNP Airport ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBG running ) ( NP ( NP ( QP ( IN about ) ( CD 50 ) ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ normal ) ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NN yesterday ) ( NN afternoon ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NN airport ) ( NNS officals ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBP expect ) ( NP ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN return ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( JJ full ) ( NNS operations ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN by ) ( NP ( NNP Saturday ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Air traffic at San Francisco International Airport was running about 50 % of normal yesterday afternoon but airport officals said they expect a return to full operations by Saturday


( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NP ( DT The ) ( JJ major ) ( NN gateway ) ) ( PP-LOC ( TO to ) ( NP ( NNP Asia ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NP ( CD one ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN nation ) ( POS 's ) ) ( CD 10 ) ( JJS busiest ) ( NNS airports ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN closed ) ( PP-CLR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( DT all ) ) ( CC but ) ( NP ( NN emergency ) ( NN traffic ) ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( PP ( IN from ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN time ) ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NN quake ) ) ( VP ( VBN hit ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Tuesday ) ( NN afternoon ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN until ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 6 ) ( RB a.m. ) ( NNP PDT ) ( NN yesterday ) ) ( SBAR ( WHADVP-3 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNS controllers ) ) ( VP ( VBD returned ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN tower ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

The major gateway to Asia and one of the nation 's 10 busiest airports was closed to all but emergency traffic from the time the quake hit Tuesday afternoon until 6 a.m. PDT yesterday when controllers returned to the tower


( S ( S-NOM-SBJ ( VP ( VBG Getting ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( CC and ) ( IN from ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN airport ) ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN in ) ( NP ( VBG coming ) ( NNS weeks ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( MD may ) ( VP ( VB be ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( NN problem ) ) ( ADVP ( RB however ) ) ) ) )

Getting to and from the airport in coming weeks may be the problem however


( SINV ( S-TPC-2 ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNS People ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN ability ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB drive ) ( PP-LOC ( IN throughout ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN bay ) ( NN area ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( ADVP ( RB greatly ) ) ( VBN restricted ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT a ) ( NN spokesman ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP American ) ( NNP Automobile ) ( NNP Association ) ) ) ) )

People 's ability to drive throughout the bay area is greatly restricted said a spokesman for the American Automobile Association


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Tom ) ( NNP Schumacher ) ) ( NP ( NP ( NP ( NN executive ) ( NN vice ) ( NN president ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( JJ general ) ( NN manager ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP California ) ( NNP Trucking ) ( NNP Association ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( NNP Sacremento ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ his ) ( NN organization ) ) ( VP ( VBD urged ) ( NP-3 ( NN trucking ) ( NNS firms ) ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB halt ) ( NP ( NP ( DT all ) ( NNS deliveries ) ) ( PP-DIR ( IN into ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Bay ) ( NN area ) ) ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NN yesterday ) ) ( PP-2 ( IN except ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( JJ emergency-medical ) ( NNS supplies ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Tom Schumacher executive vice president and general manager of the California Trucking Association in Sacremento said his organization urged trucking firms to halt all deliveries into the Bay area yesterday except for emergency-medical supplies


( S ( S-TPC-1 ( NP-SBJ ( DT Some ) ( NN foodstuff ) ( NNS shipments ) ) ( VP ( MD will ) ( ADVP ( RB probably ) ) ( VP ( VB resume ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Thursday ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP he ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

Some foodstuff shipments will probably resume Thursday he said


( S ( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB Right ) ( RB now ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( JJS most ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNS roads ) ) ( PP ( IN into ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Bay ) ( NN area ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN closed ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN list ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS closings ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBZ changes ) ( NP ( IN about ) ( DT every ) ( CD 20 ) ( NNS minutes ) ) ) ) )

Right now most of the roads into the Bay area are closed but the list of closings changes about every 20 minutes


( S ( S-TPC-2 ( S ( NP-TMP ( DT This ) ( PRN ( NNP Wednesday ) ) ( NN morning ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( DT the ) ( NNP San ) ( NNP Mateo ) ( NN bridge ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ open ) ) ) ) ( CC and ) ( S ( ADVP-TMP ( RB now ) ) ( NP-SBJ-1 ( PRP we ) ) ( VP ( VBP are ) ( VP ( VBN informed ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP it ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ closed ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Mr. ) ( NNP Schumacher ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ) )

This Wednesday morning the San Mateo bridge was open and now we are informed that it is closed Mr. Schumacher said


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP United ) ( NNP Parcel ) ( NNP Service ) ) ( NP-LOC ( NP ( NNP Greenwich ) ) ( NP ( NNP Conn. ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NNS operations ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP San ) ( NNP Francisco ) ( NN area ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN been ) ( VP ( VBN reduced ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( CD 40 ) ( NN % ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( JJ normal ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

United Parcel Service Greenwich Conn. said its operations in the San Francisco area have been reduced to 40 % of normal


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT A ) ( NNP UPS ) ( NN spokesman ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( SBAR-ADV ( IN although ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NN none ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN company ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NNS terminals ) ( NNS trucks ) ( CC or ) ( NNS airplanes ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( VP ( VBN damaged ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN quake ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN road ) ( NNS shutdowns ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NN power ) ( NNS failures ) ) ) ( VP ( VBP have ) ( VP ( VBN impeded ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NN pickup ) ( CC and ) ( NN delivery ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NNS packages ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

A UPS spokesman said that although none of the company 's terminals trucks or airplanes were damaged in the quake road shutdowns and power failures have impeded its pickup and delivery of packages


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT The ) ( NN spokesman ) ) ( VP ( VBD noted ) ( NP ( NP ( ADJP ( JJ four-hour ) ( TO to ) ( JJ five-hour ) ) ( NN traffic ) ( NNS delays ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP San ) ( NNP Mateo ) ( NN bridge ) ) ) ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NN example ) ) ) ) )

The spokesman noted four-hour to five-hour traffic delays on the San Mateo bridge for example


( S ( PP ( IN In ) ( NP ( NN addition ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN power ) ( NNS failures ) ) ( VP ( VBD prevented ) ( NP-1 ( PRP$ its ) ( NN package-sorting ) ( NNS facilities ) ) ( PP-CLR ( IN from ) ( S-NOM ( VP ( VBG operating ) ) ) ) ( S-ADV ( VP ( VBG causing ) ( NP ( NNS delays ) ) ) ) ) )

In addition power failures prevented its package-sorting facilities from operating causing delays


( S ( CC But ) ( NP-SBJ ( NN freight ) ( NNS railroads ) ) ( VP ( VBD reported ) ( SBAR ( DT that ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NN damage ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( PRP$ their ) ( NNS facilities ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( ADJP-PRD ( RB relatively ) ( JJ minor ) ) ( SBAR-ADV ( IN with ) ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NNP Santa ) ( NNP Fe ) ( NNP Pacific ) ( NNP Corp. ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN rail ) ( NN unit ) ) ( NP-PRD ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( RBS least ) ( JJ affected ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN quake ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

But freight railroads reported that damage to their facilities was relatively minor with Santa Fe Pacific Corp. 's rail unit the least affected by the quake


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NNP Santa ) ( NNP Fe ) ) ( VP ( VP ( VBD stopped ) ( NP ( NN freight ) ( NNS trains ) ) ( NP-TMP ( NNP Tuesday ) ( NN night ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( IN while ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( NNS officials ) ) ( VP ( VBD inspected ) ( NP ( NN track ) ) ) ) ) ) ( CC but ) ( VP ( VBD resumed ) ( NP ( NN service ) ) ( PP-TMP ( IN at ) ( NP ( CD 10:45 ) ( RB p.m. ) ) ) ( SBAR-TMP ( WHADVP-1 ( WRB when ) ) ( S ( NP-SBJ ( PRP they ) ) ( VP ( VBD found ) ( NP ( DT no ) ( NN damage ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Santa Fe stopped freight trains Tuesday night while its officials inspected track but resumed service at 10:45 p.m. when they found no damage


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Union ) ( NNP Pacific ) ( NNP Corp. ) ( POS 's ) ) ( NN rail ) ( NN unit ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( IN that ) ( S ( PP ( IN except ) ( PP ( IN for ) ( NP ( NP ( NN damage ) ) ( PP ( TO to ) ( NP ( NP ( NN shipping ) ( NNS containers ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( NNP Oakland ) ( NN yard ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( NP-SBJ ( PRP$ its ) ( NN track ) ( NNS bridges ) ( CC and ) ( NNS structures ) ) ( VP ( VBD were ) ( ADJP-PRD ( JJ unharmed ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Union Pacific Corp. 's rail unit said that except for damage to shipping containers in its Oakland yard its track bridges and structures were unharmed


( S ( NP-SBJ ( DT That ) ( NN railroad ) ) ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBG operating ) ( NP ( NNS trains ) ) ( PP ( CC but ) ( PP ( IN with ) ( NP ( NP ( NNS delays ) ) ( VP ( VBN caused ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( NP ( NNS employees ) ) ( ADJP ( JJ unable ) ( S ( VP ( TO to ) ( VP ( VB get ) ( PP-DIR ( TO to ) ( NP ( NN work ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

That railroad is operating trains but with delays caused by employees unable to get to work


( S ( NP-SBJ ( NP ( NNP Southern ) ( NNP Pacific ) ( NNP Transportation ) ( NNP Co. ) ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( ADJP ( JJS hardest ) ( NN hit ) ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( CD three ) ( NNS railroads ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN in ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NNP Bay ) ( NN area ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD said ) ( SBAR ( S ( NP-SBJ-1 ( NP ( NN service ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN on ) ( NP ( NP ( PRP$ its ) ( JJ north-south ) ( NN coastline ) ) ( SBAR ( WHNP-3 ( WDT which ) ) ( S ( VP ( VBZ is ) ( VP ( VBN used ) ( PP ( IN by ) ( NP-LGS ( DT an ) ( NNP Amtrak ) ( NN train ) ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN between ) ( NP ( NP ( NNP Los ) ( NNP Angeles ) ) ( CC and ) ( NP ( NNP Seattle ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( VP ( VBD was ) ( VP ( VBN suspended ) ( ADVP-TMP ( RB temporarily ) ) ( PP-PRP ( IN because ) ( IN of ) ( NP ( NP ( JJ kinked ) ( NNS rails ) ) ( PP-LOC ( IN near ) ( NP ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN epicenter ) ) ( PP ( IN of ) ( NP ( DT the ) ( NN quake ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Southern Pacific Transportation Co. the hardest hit of the three railroads in the Bay area said service on its north-south coastline which is used by an Amtrak train between Los Angeles and Seattle was suspended temporarily because of kinked rails near the epicenter of the quake