Water security: pipe dream or reality? A global perspective from the UK
In Earth's 45th millionth century, a looming and global crisis of fresh water scarcity is on our doorstep—a crisis that is accelerating through our unbridled development, burgeoning demand for food and energy, and the effects of climate change. Only 0.1% of the total global water volume of the 1.4 billion km3 is accessible fresh water, and we are already withdrawing one third of our accessible renewable water resource, much of which is needed to sustain our ecosystems and biodiversity. Using the lens of virtual water, I argue that the UK faces water security challenges of a scale unseen by most of its population due to its dependence on other nations, many of which are water stressed, for three quarters of its water. Estimates suggest that we would need to invest five times the current global rate in new water supplies if we are to meet the projected demand in 20 years time. With little chance of investment of such scale taking place, there is a compelling need for water professionals to emerge from their comfort zone. Engineers can play a pivotal role in addressing the water sustainability challenges, by engaging with politicians, decision makers, and those with influencing power. New models for integrated water management are needed to address complex multi-stakeholder demand patterns. While we can and should develop cost-efficient water technology, water professionals must grasp this moment to put themselves at the center of water science, technology, politics, environment, and economics. WIREs Water 2014, 1:11–18. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1005 This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water Human Water > Water Governance