A review of online grooming: Characteristics and concerns
The process of online grooming facilitates child abuse and is a threat to young people across the world. This literature review explores the research surrounding how young people are targeted by offenders on the internet. Definitions, prevalence, and characteristics of online grooming are addressed in addition to consideration of child sexual abuse theories and internet behaviors. There are a variety of techniques used by internet groomers to manipulate young people (e.g., flattery, bribes, and threats) and different ways that young people engage in risk taking behavior on the internet (e.g., communicating with strangers online and sharing personal information). While models and typologies can aid professionals in understanding the crime, it is important to acknowledge that internet offenders, victims, and the dynamics between the two are often unique and varied. This is fundamental to the development of effective preventative education for online grooming and abuse. The review concludes that research concerning the online grooming of young people is limited, and calls for further study in this field. ► Young people are more accessible to offenders through technology. ► Grooming techniques vary and may involve manipulation, flattery and sexualization. ► Internet aids anonymity assisting offenders in distancing themselves from abuse. ► Offenders notice vulnerability or sexualization as a motive to contact a child. ► Research regarding online grooming is extremely limited.