Comparative Study of Green Fruit Extract of Melia azedarach Linn. With its Ripe Fruit Extract for Antileishmanial, Larvicidal, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity
The present study was carried out to compare the potential of green and ripen fruits aqueous extract against antileishmanial, larvicidal, antioxidant and brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay. A general antileishmanial, larvicidal, antioxidant and cytotoxic assays were performed at different concentrations. The green fruits expressed significant activity against L. tropica (LC 50 =0.41µg/mL), while the ripe fruits showed less activity (LC 50 =8227.51µg/mL). Upon larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, the green fruits extract expressed excellent results with LC 50 value 67.65µg/mL while ripe fruits showed less activity with LC 50 value 7171.18µg/mL. Similarly, for cytotoxicity assay for green and ripe fruits the LC 50 value obtained were 18.07µg/mL and 530.2µg/mL, respectively. The result for antioxidant potential showed that only the green fruits has some antioxidant potential (IC 50 232.23µg/mL) compared to ripe fruits (>1000µg/mL) against the reference drug (ascorbic acid). The total phenolics contents of the green fruits expressed good concentration 10.54 mg/g DW while ripe fruits have 5.32 mg/g DW.  From these results it can be concluded that green fruits has more active compounds than ripe fruits. The green plant material can be used as good source of antiprotozoal, insecticidal and anti-cancerous candidate.