Gold-Polymer Nanocomposites for Bioimaging and Biosensing
The sections in this article are


Introduction
Fabrication of Gold Nanocomposites
General Aspects
“Grafting-From” Modifications
“Grafting-To” Modifications
Post-Modification


Imaging and Labeling with Gold Nanocomposites
Optical Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, X-Ray Imaging, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging
Gold Nanocomposites as Indicators


Colorimetric Sensors
General Aspects
Red-to-Blue Sensors
Crosslinking Aggregation
Non-Crosslinking Aggregation


Blue-to-Red Sensors


Fluorometric Systems with Gold Nanocomposites
Fluorescence Quenching
System A: Disruption of dsDNA Linker
System B: Disruption of Biological Interaction
System C: Cleavage of Linking Aptamer and Peptide


Time-Resolved Fluorometry and Fluorescence Polarization


Electrochemical Applications of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Composites
AuNPs Assembled on Electrode Surfaces for Enhanced Electrode Responses
Conducting Polymer/AuNP Composites on Electrodes
Applications of Conducting Polymer/AuNP Composites on Electrodes
Other Composite Materials for Electrochemical Measurements


Composite Nanoparticles and Their Applications as Labels
Quantification Strategies
Sensitivity Enhancements




Perspective


Keywords:

gold nanoparticle;
polymer-functionalized nanocomposites;
bioimaging;
biosensing;
colorimetric detection;
fluorometric detection;
electrochemical detection