Investigating Race, Class and Context through Historical Evidence: Segregation and the Ecology of Aspirations of Black College Students in the 1960s South
In an era of re-segregation among school systems in the United States, we find ourselves revisiting times of forced school segregation (pre Brown v. Board) for a better understanding of explanations and potential consequences. One consequence, depressed aspirations for occupational mobility, is examined here. Using data for Mathews and Prothro's Negro Participation Survey, administered to black college students in 1961, we examine this relationship while controlling for various individual level indicators of capital, demographics, political participation, and ecologically-centered organizational and economic factors through the use of Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). We uncover patterns of aspirations (or lack thereof) concerning social class mobility that are directly related to social class background and the cultural orientations of the environment in which the student hails. Our conclusions link such patterns to the current trajectory of re-segregation in the education system.