Contrôle des performances des antennes par les métamatériaux
The work in this thesis deals with metamaterials, its components and applications. A historical overview about these materials, features and researches in the domain are presented. Chiral media, binaisotropic materials and photonic crystals are also studied in order to visualize physics behind metamaterials.Electromagnetic properties in complex media are widely investigated. Starting from Maxwell’s equations, bi-anisotropic materials and their effect are deeply analyzed whereas two types of Split Ring Resonator (SRR) are treated to determine constitutive parameters of Left Handed Materials (LHM). The metamaterials are also studied as photonic crystals since the effective medium approach is not applicable when the dimensions of the inclusions tend to the operating wavelength.Moreover, SRRs and Multi SRRs are synthesized analytically and electromagnetically in order to extract their resonant frequencies. Consequently, these components could be introduced in any design; Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) surface is an efficient case. Thus, a low profile antenna positioned over such surface is examined as an application of metamaterials. The results of directivity, gain and reflection coefficient are of great importance and affirm the employing of metamaterials in such applications. A dual band PCB antenna, as another application of metamaterials, is designed and simulated. The SRR element studied in the previous chapters is used as the trap which inserted in the arm of the antenna in order to create another resonance, and consequently another band is created.