Translating science in the long italian eighteenth-century. the role of translators and publishers as “cultural mediators” (1760-1790s)
During the second half of eighteenth-century, the Italian peninsula was involved in the so-called “reading revolution”, a process characterized by an important increase of the number and diversification of the interests of the public. Professors, students, members of technical-administrative élites, but also a wider community of readers were significantly interested in Italian and foreign books, such as novels, scientific and technical manuals, travel literature or philosophical and historical works. In particular, scientific publications coming from other European countries significantly attracted the attention of readers having a strong professional interest or a simple curiosity in medical science, agronomy or natural sciences. The largest part of these texts was available to “common” readers – who knew only their own language – mainly through translations, that – as numerous scholars have highlighted – should be conceived not only as linguistic activities, but also as cultural practices. Starting from this final assumption and trying to combine different approaches (cultural history of translations, history of publishing, study of cultural transfers), the project TransIt aims to give a contribution to our understanding of the processes of circulation and reception of scientific ideas in Italy during the Enlightenment, by examining a specific corpus of translations of English and French works, and, especially, the role played by translators and publishers. The study of translations – and of translators’ and publishers’ policies in particular – is an useful tool to investigate the ways in which ideas were re-elaborated and assimilated in new cultural, social and political contexts. Translators and publishers acted as authentic “cultural mediators”, always very attentive to satisfy public’s demands, by adopting different textual and paratextual strategies aimed at adapting the new foreign scientific theories and languages for the new readers’ taste and knowledge.