Türkiye'de Turizm ve Ticari Açıklık Arasındaki İlişki: Toda ve Yamamoto Nedensellik Yaklaşımı
There are numerous studies focusing on the relationship between tourism and economic growth in the literature, whereas only a few studies analyze the relationship between tourism and trade openness. Hence, this study aims to determine the relationship between tourism and trade openness for Turkey. For this aim, Toda and Yamamoto causality approach has applied by using the annual data for the period 1980-2013. The empirical results of this causality approach indicate that there is a bidirectional causality between tourism and trade openness. The significance of the empirical results is that the tourism sector promotes trade openness. Overall it is considered that improvements in trade openness can affect positively the tourism sector. Furthermore, development in tourism sector can engender trade openness through increases of export.