The measurement of leukotrienes in urine as diagnostic option in systemic mastocytosis.
Clinical symptoms of patients with mastocytosis may include skin reactions, but also gastrointestinal symptoms with hyperacidity and dysmotility (e.g. ulcer, diarrhea, pain). They are mostly caused by mediators derived from activated mast cells. In order to investigate the impact of leukotrienes on the clinical symptoms excretion of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotrienes C4-D4-E4 (cysteinyl-leukotrienes) into urine was studied in 9 patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis divided into a group with high and low intensity of symptoms and in 11 healthy volunteers. Leukotriene excretion was determined by ELISA and correlated with methylhistamine excretion. Patients with systemic mastocytosis with high and low intense symptoms showed significantly higher urinary excretion of cysteinyl-leukotrienes than controls. There was a positive correlation of cysteinyl-leukotriene excretion and urinary methylhistamine excretion. LTB4 excretion was also significantly increased in patients with systemic mastocytosis compared to healthy volunteers. No correlation of urinary LTB4 excretion with urinary methylhistamine was observed. The present study demonstrates that urinary excretion of LTB4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes LTC4-D4-E4 is clearly enhanced in indolent systemic mastocytosis Hence, determination of leukotriene excretion into urine can be used as a tool in the diagnostic and in the therapeutic monitoring of systemic mastocytosis.