Effect of fertilizer application, soil type, and year on yield and technological parameters of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Czech Republic
How is grain yield and quality affected by fertilizer regime, soil type, and year is not yet well known. In 2011–2013 we analyzed yield and baking quality of grain on loamy degraded Chernozem (ICRE, 225 m a.s.l.), Greyic Phaeozem (CCRE, 263 m a.s.l.), and sandy loamy Cambisol (LCRE, 620 m a.s.l.) under the control (C), farmyard manure (FYM), and farmyard manure together with mineral NPK application (FYM + NPK) treatments.In 2011, the mean grain yields were 5.86, 6.82, and 10.6 t ha−1 in C, FYM, and FYM + NPK treatments, respectively; in 2012, the grain yields were only 3.92, 4.56, and 5.58 t ha−1, respectively, due to an extremely dry season; and in 2013, the grain yields were 5.74, 6.15, and 8.21 t ha−1, respectively, as the precipitation increased. In 2011, grain yields were the highest in the ICRE and the lowest in the LCRE, but in 2012, the highest yields were recorded in the CCRE and the lowest in ICRE. Kernel weight, crude protein content, bulk density of caryopses, and values of Zeleny sedimentatio...