Optical waveguide grating coupler
An optical waveguide grating coupler (102) for coupling light between a planar waveguide (100) and an optical element such as an optical fiber (106). The optical waveguide grating coupler (102) includes a grating comprising a plurality of elongate scattering elements (103). The optical waveguide grating coupler (102) is preferably flared, and in various embodiments has hyperbolically shaped sidewalls (212). The elongate scattering elements (103) are preferably curved, and in some embodiments, the scattering elements have elliptically curved shapes (216). Preferably, the elongated scattering elements have grating widths selected to accommodate the desired optical intensity distribution.