Contribution of integrated geophysical data in the structural characterization of the El Hamma graben zone (Southern Tunisia): Example of a pull-apart basin along the South Atlasic Fault Corridor
Abstract The El Hamma-Gabes Region in southeastern Tunisia belongs to the crustal shear zone of the South Atlasic Fault Corridor, which corresponds to the Meso-Cenozoic North African margin. So far, most geological works on this region are on the stratigraphic order. However, there are few tectonic and structural studies carried on the style and mechanism of structural deformation. The present work analyzes the subsurface structure of the El Hamma grabens area based on gravity and seismic data , calibrated by stratigraphic and tectonic elements. The El Hamma-Gabes Zone is characterized by a horst and graben system associated with N130˚-150° trending parallel extensive/transtensive faults. Two main grabens are recognized: the El Hamma graben in the west and the Chenchou graben in the east. They are separated by the Jebel Hallouga horst. These structures relate to two N100˚-120° trending principal shear corridors (PSC) arranged in right echelon, being the Oum Ali-Fejej Shear corridor towards the northwest and the Matmata-Medenine Shear corridor towards the southeast. Stratigraphic and structural data collected from several outcrops were correlated with the tectonic events and paleostress reconstruction. New data shows that the PSCs marked a dextral transtensive kinematic framework during the N80° directed Upper Cretaceous extension. The extensional movements are the N150˚-180° Paleogene extension and associated transpression during the N130° Neogene shortening. The dextral sliding generated and maintained the opening of the El Hamma-Gabes graben system, creating a “pull-apart” basin that opened in an extensive ramp between the two PSCs. The overall extension of this ramp is estimated to 15% of the initial width.