Εικονικές επιχειρήσεις : το φαινόμενο της εικονικής επιχείρησης στο πλαίσιο της οικονομικής κρίσης
The business organizational structures historically have taken multiple forms. This diversity presented in the passage of time is a result of the efforts of companies to respond to changes resulting each time in the business environment and demands of consumers and to meet the organizational and management needs posed by the continuous and rapid development of technology and hence the production process. The result of the increasing demand of the business world is the creation and development a virtual model of organization. The purpose of this study is documentation of the ways in which the virtual model of organization can contribute to the effort of modern economic units to survive in times of economic crisis, as these units are formed in globalized markets. Mighty position was held traditionally by the hierarchical pyramid model characterized by vertical integration of the project and adequate response to the needs of mass production and coordination of the highly complex production processes. This model has seen continuous development during the decades since the end of WWII until the 20th century. Over the years there were displayed several new variants of the traditional pattern which were characterized by their flat structures. These models except of encouraging and promoting specialization they introduced participatory decision making and increased autonomy, even at lower organizational strata., new demanding business data that m As a result of the development of that certain organization model, occurs a significant reduction of bureaucracy, flexibility and faster response to business but mainly the phenomenon of geographical and organizational dispersion of employees. Subsequentlyake their appearance in the early 21st century along with the rapid technological developments highlight the virtual organization model, which responds to the complexity and 'wild' competition, developing networks of allied businesses, groups and people in order to exploit emerging opportunities, exploiting the most common resources of the virtual network. So the virtual organizational model creates (Virtual Firms) or (Virtual Organizations) or (Virtual Enterprises). Regarding the definition of the virtual enterprise views show no consensus, however, converging on common characteristics developed by dissident theorists, the virtual enterprise is a network of independent firms whose synthesis seeks to develop synergies, the companies operating the network are associated with a central executive body due to the extensive development of Telecommunications and Information Technology in order to achieve a common goal. The theory associated with virtualization and especially with this hybrid form of business presents approximate characteristics. In conclusion and having regard to the lengthy analysis in relation to both the virtual form of organization, the benefits and synergies that may arise, and also in terms of economic theory and its weak figures that need support, an observation of some common points will follow.
These common findings emerge and are documented as a result of the study one can leverage the operational and strategic business development in times of economic crisis and also constitute the most characteristic features of virtual enterprises and forms that can be taken.