Hormonal Responses to Water Deficit in Cambial Tissues of Populus alba L.
Changes in the concentrations of bioactive gibberellins and abscisic acid in the cambial region of white poplar (Populus alba L.) were investigated in 1-year-old plants, to highlight how these phytohormone signals are modulated in response to water deficit. Plants were cultivated in pots outdoor and, at the time of maximum cambial growth (T
 0), irrigation was withdrawn for 8 days, inducing a mild water deficit, thus mimicking a condition that is recurrent in Mediterranean climates when white poplar attains its maximum growth rate. The water deficit was suspended by resuming irrigation (T
 max) throughout a recovery period of 2 weeks (T
 rec). Cambial tissues were sampled at T
 0, T
 max, and T
 rec. Significant changes of leaf and stem relative water content, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration, carbon assimilation, stem shrinkage, and leaf number were induced by soil water shortage, which also negatively affected cambium development. Nevertheless, these responses were almost fully reversed following the resumption of irrigation. Water deficit induced the accumulation of large amounts of abscisic acid in cambial tissues, but the hormone was brought back to pre-stress levels after the recovery period. With regard to bioactive gibberellins, GA1 was several folds more abundant than GA4 and reached the greatest level in the plants recovering from the water status imbalance. The possible functions of gibberellins and abscisic acid in the response of cambial tissues to water deficit are discussed in view of the known physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of action of these hormonal signals.