انظر أيضا جوزيف فوراكر هاريت توبمان المؤتمر الوطني الديمقراطي 1880 ملاحظات المراجع ;نظرة عامة Beringer, Richard E., Archer Jones, and Herman Hattaway, Why the South Lost the Civil War (1986) influential analysis of factors; The Elements of Confederate Defeat: Nationalism, War Aims, and Religion (1988), abridged version Catton, Bruce, The Civil War, American Heritage, 1960, ISBN 0-8281-0305-4, illustrated narrative Davis, William C. The Imperiled Union, 1861–1865 3v (1983) Donald, David et al.