The man who built a drinks empire... twice - BBC News
Greg Steltenpohl founded one of America's best-known smoothie brands, but almost lost everything after a major corporate crisis.
Greg Steltenpohl was a pioneer of the whole foods movement

Greg Steltenpohl was a pioneer of the "whole foods" movement in the 1980s. But he almost lost everything after his first company faced a major corporate crisis.

After creating not one but two highly successful natural drinks companies, Greg Steltenpohl is "not one for regrets".

However, the former jazz musician does rank the sale of his first business, Odwalla, to Coca-Cola back in 2001 as a "pretty big disappointment".

He co-founded the firm, now one of America's best-known juice and smoothie brands, with some friends back in 1980, simply as a way to support his career as a musician.

It became an early pioneer of the "whole foods" movement, priding itself on its all natural ingredients, quirky branding and independent ethos.

But after an outbreak of E. coli was associated with one of its juices in 1996, sales dried up.

The founders had to take on new investment to stay afloat and lost control of the board.

Within five years Mr Steltenpohl had quit, and Odwalla was sold to Coke for $181m (£134m).

"I'm not evangelising against 'evil corporate empires'," the genial Californian says over coffee in London.

"But these big firms tend to target smaller ones like Odwalla because they can't innovate those ideas internally.

"The problem is they end up destroying what make those brands unique."

The 62-year-old is trying to set the record straight with his latest venture, the plant-based food company Califia Farms.

Launched in 2010, its main line is in almond and coconut milks, which come either plain, or in flavours like matcha green tea, or ginger and turmeric.

The Los Angeles-based firm also sells bottled coffees and natural juices, with all its products low in sugar, dairy free and ethically sourced.

Whereas Mr Steltenpohl's first company was launched at time when natural and organic foods were a novelty, the sector is now well established, with industry-wide sales of $69bn in the US alone last year.

Large food companies are also losing market share to smaller ones that offer more artisanal, niche products.

Califia already has sales of more than $100m a year, and is the number one premium bottled coffee brand in the US.

However, Mr Steltenpohl says big corporations have been "jumping into" the whole foods market, and smaller companies like his face competition.

"They have much better supply chains, distribution and marketing. At the moment we're just a fly on the back of an elephant."

Califia Farms makes more than $100m in sales annually

Mr Steltenpohl fell into the drinks business by chance after studying at the Creative Music Studio, a renowned music school in upstate New York, in the late 1970s.

He and two friends moved to Santa Cruz, California to seek fame and fortune with their "avant garde jazz" band The Stance. But they quickly ran out of money.

"We were broke and we weren't that good! So I came up with this idea that we could squeeze fresh orange juice every morning, sleep during the day, and play music all night."

The juice company took off, and the music tapered out. Under the brand Odwalla - named after a song by experimental jazz group Art Ensemble of Chicago - the trio started selling to restaurants and health food shops, but were soon stocking grocery stores across the US.

By 1996 Odwalla was listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange and sales were approaching $100m a year.

A child died and scores were sickened after drinking a batch of the firm's apple juice; Odwalla had to issue a huge product recall, and its sales dived by 90%.

Jeffery Kline, editor of drinks industry website Bevnet, says Mr Steltenpohl has been "very open about how painful the experience was".

Mr Kline adds: "People in the industry believe Greg acted respectably throughout the crisis. And he never talks about it in terms of what he went through, but in fact what an incredibly devastating impact it had on others."

Within two years Odwalla had rebuilt its reputation, thanks in part to its loyal customer base. The problem, says Mr Steltenpohl, was the new backers wanted a "quick return" on their investment by selling the firm.

More The Boss features, which every week profile a different business leader from around the world:

"In hindsight I think we could have found investors who shared our values and stayed independent. But we had to move fast to protect people's jobs."

Not long after Coca-Cola swooped, and Odwalla soon "lost its ethos", he says.

"We were a local brand, but Coke shut our plant and shifted the main staff to Atlanta. It also replaced the key managers with their internal people who all had two year rotations, and you can't run a passion brand that way."

A spokeswoman for Coca-Cola says it is keen to nurture new brands, and Odwalla remains an "important part" of its natural health drinks portfolio.

Mr Steltenpohl says he has learnt from the experience, as well as from several other unsuccessful ventures he launched after leaving Odwalla.

He now wants to keep Califia Farms "independent" for as long as possible. But is that realistic?

Phil Howard, an associate professor at the Department of Community Sustainability at Michigan State University, says that only a "small number" of values-driven firms manage to stay independent and be successful.

"As big distributors and retailers consolidate it becomes difficult to compete, so many smaller firms sell up to multinationals," he explains.

"And a lot depends on the small firm's ownership structure, for instance whether they need to repay investors."

Califia Farms has already sold a minority stake to a private equity firm, but Mr Steltenpohl says the investor fully shares its values. Califia is also majority owned by the farm that produces its oranges, while Mr Steltenpohl is its boss and a founding shareholder.

Tellingly, he has hired people with experience of working in bigger firms to help guide the business.

These include a plant manager who trained at Danone, and a head of human resources who worked for Virgin boss Richard Branson.

Mr Steltenpohl says he is determined to strike a better balance between keeping the firm on track, and upholding his "starry eyed" ideals than he did at Odwalla.

That said, he hopes business culture is changing to accommodate different notions of success.

"It is partly the fault of the business media and business schools," he says, "but we tend to celebrate a firm's growth and quarterly reports above all else.

"But wouldn't it be great if we were saying, 'Wow, they managed to stay independent for 20 years, stayed true to their values, and they grew their sales too.'"

The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.