Measurement of $CP$ violation in ${B^0}\rightarrow{D^{+}D^{-}}$ and ${B^{0}_{s}}\rightarrow{D^{+}_{s}D^{-}_{s}}$ decays
LHCb collaboration R. Aaij A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb C. Abellan Beteta F. Abudinén T. Ackernley A. A. Adefisoye B. Adeva M. Adinolfi P. Adlarson C. Agapopoulou C. A. Aidala Z. Ajaltouni S. Akar K. Akiba P. Albicocco J. Albrecht F. Alessio M. Alexander Z. Aliouche P. Alvarez Cartelle R. Amalric S. Amato J. L. Amey Y. Amhis L. An L. Anderlini M. Andersson A. Andreianov P. Andreola M. Andreotti D. Andreou A. Anelli D. Ao F. Archilli M. Argenton S. Arguedas Cuendis A. Artamonov M. Artuso E. Aslanides R. Ataíde Da Silva M. Atzeni B. Audurier D. Bacher I. Bachiller Perea S. Bachmann M. Bachmayer J. J. Back P. Baladron Rodriguez V. Balagura W. Baldini L. Balzani H. Bao J. Baptista de Souza Leite C. Barbero Pretel M. Barbetti I. R. Barbosa R. J. Barlow M. Barnyakov S. Barsuk W. Barter M. Bartolini J. Bartz J. M. Basels S. Bashir G. Bassi B. Batsukh P. B. Battista A. Bay A. Beck M. Becker F. Bedeschi I. B. Bediaga N. A. Behling S. Belin V. Bellee K. Belous I. Belov I. Belyaev G. Benane G. 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Liu S. Liu W. Liu Y. Liu Y. Liu Y. L. Liu A. Lobo Salvia A. Loi J. Lomba Castro T. Long J. H. Lopes A. Lopez Huertas S. López Soliño Q. Lu C. Lucarelli D. Lucchesi M. Lucio Martinez V. Lukashenko Y. Luo A. Lupato E. Luppi K. Lynch X. -R. Lyu G. M. Ma R. Ma S. Maccolini F. Machefert F. Maciuc B. Mack I. Mackay L. M. Mackey L. R. Madhan Mohan M. J. Madurai A. Maevskiy D. Magdalinski D. Maisuzenko M. W. Majewski J. J. Malczewski S. Malde L. Malentacca A. Malinin T. Maltsev G. Manca G. Mancinelli C. Mancuso R. Manera Escalero D. Manuzzi D. Marangotto J. F. Marchand R. Marchevski U. Marconi E. Mariani S. Mariani C. Marin Benito J. Marks A. M. Marshall L. Martel G. Martelli G. Martellotti L. Martinazzoli M. Martinelli D. Martinez Santos F. Martinez Vidal A. Massafferri R. Matev A. Mathad V. Matiunin C. Matteuzzi K. R. Mattioli A. Mauri E. Maurice J. Mauricio P. Mayencourt J. Mazorra de Cos M. Mazurek M. McCann L. Mcconnell T. H. McGrath N. T. McHugh A. McNab R. McNulty B. Meadows G. 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Witola G. Wormser S. A. Wotton H. Wu J. Wu Y. Wu Z. Wu K. Wyllie S. Xian Z. Xiang Y. Xie A. Xu J. Xu L. Xu L. Xu M. Xu Z. Xu Z. Xu Z. Xu D. Yang K. Yang S. Yang X. Yang Y. Yang Z. Yang Z. Yang V. Yeroshenko H. Yeung H. Yin C. Y. Yu J. Yu X. Yuan Y Yuan E. Zaffaroni M. Zavertyaev M. Zdybal F. Zenesini C. Zeng M. Zeng C. Zhang D. Zhang J. Zhang L. Zhang S. Zhang S. Zhang Y. Zhang Y. Z. Zhang Y. Zhao A. Zharkova A. Zhelezov S. Z. Zheng X. Z. Zheng Y. Zheng T. Zhou X. Zhou Y. Zhou V. Zhovkovska L. Z. Zhu X. Zhu X. Zhu V. Zhukov J. Zhuo Q. Zou D. Zuliani G. Zunica


























roman




EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH (CERN)



pdflatex

        

        


         CERN-EP-2024-217 
  
         LHCb-PAPER-2024-027  
  
         September 4, 2024 
 
         











  











[Authors are listed at the end of this paper.]







§ ABSTRACT 
  A time-dependent, flavour-tagged measurement of violation is performed with
   and  decays, using data collected by the detector in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
  6.
  In  decays the -violation parameters are measured to be
  
    S_    = , 
    
        C_    = -.

  In  decays the -violating parameter formulation in terms of and |λ| results in

    = , 
    
        |λ_|     = -.

These results represent the most precise single measurement of the -violation parameters in their respective channels. For
the first time in a single measurement, symmetry is observed to be violated in  decays with a significance exceeding six standard deviations.







  
  Submitted to JHEP
  
  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  
  








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plain 

arabic









§ INTRODUCTION



Measurements of violation in mesons play a crucial role in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM).
With the increase in experimental precision, control over hadronic matrix elements becomes more important, which
is a major challenge in most decay modes.
In decays of beauty mesons to two charmed mesons , this can be achieved by employing U-spin flavour symmetry
and constraining the hadronic contributions by relating different -violation and branching fraction measurements <cit.>.

The  system gives access to a variety of interesting observables
that probe elements of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) quark-mixing matrix <cit.>.
In  and  decays, the -violating weak phases β and β_s can be measured, respectively.
The phases arise in the interference between the –(–) mixing and the tree-level decay amplitudes to the () final state, leading to time-dependent asymmetries.
The decays can also proceed through several other diagrams, as shown in <ref>. The asymmetries may arise from both SM contributions and new physics effects, if present.



In  and  decays, the same final state is accessible from both and states.
The partial decay rate as a function of the decay time t is given by

    Γ(t,d)/ t∝
        e^-t/τ_( cosh_ t/2
        + D_fsinh_ t/2
        + d C_fcos_ t
        - d S_fsin_ t),

where _ = Γ_L - Γ_H and _ = m_H - m_L are the decay-width difference and mass difference of the heavy and light (=) or (=) mass eigenstates,
τ_ is the mean lifetime of the meson and the tag d represents the flavour at production taking the value
+1 for a meson and -1 for a meson.
The -violation parameters are defined as

    D_f = -2|λ_f|cosϕ_/1+|λ_f|^2, C_f = 1-|λ_f|^2/1+|λ_f|^2, S_f = -2|λ_f|sinϕ_/1+|λ_f|^2, 
    λ_f = q/pA̅_f/A_f and ϕ_ = -λ_f,

where A_f and A̅_f  are the decay amplitudes of and to the common final state f and the ratio q/p describes mixing of the mesons.
The parameter D_f cannot be measured in decays because, at the current experimental precision, is compatible with zero. Thus, the decay rates for  can be simplified to

    Γ(t,d)/ t∝
        e^-t/(1
        + d C_cos t
        - d S_sin t).

If only tree-level contributions in  decays are considered, direct violation vanishes resulting in C_=0 and
S_ = -sin = -sin2β.
This assumption is valid within the current experimental precision for  decays, where β can be measured
with high precision as recently reported by  <cit.>.
However, in  measurements the loop-mediated penguin contributions shown in <ref> cannot be neglected and
an additional phase shift is measured via sin(2β + Δ) = - S_/√(1-C^2_).
This measurement enables higher-order corrections to the measurement of in  decays to be constrained,
under the assumption of U-spin flavour symmetry.

Due to the similarities of the two decay channels, a parallel measurement of the -violation parameters in 
and  decays is performed.
Both decays have been previously studied by  <cit.>, while measurements of
the  parameters in  decays have been performed by  <cit.> and  <cit.>.
The result lies outside the physically allowed region and shows a small tension with the other measurements.

This analysis uses proton-proton (pp) collision data collected by the experiment during the years 2015 to 2018 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.
The  candidates are reconstructed through the decays 
and .[If not stated otherwise, charge-conjugated decays are implied.]
These decays have the highest branching fractions into charged kaons and pions.
Candidates where both mesons decay via  are not considered due to the
smaller branching fraction of this mode.
Similarly, one of the mesons from the  candidates is always reconstructed through the decay 
and the other is reconstructed through the decays ,  or .

Both signal channels and a dedicated  control channel are selected by similar criteria with only minor differences as described in <ref>.
A mass fit is performed separately for each final state to statistically subtract the remaining background as described in <ref>.
The knowledge of the initial flavour of the candidates is crucial for measurements of time-dependent asymmetries in neutral -meson decays.
In <ref> the algorithms used to determine the initial flavour of the mesons are described.
The decay-time fit to measure the -violation parameters is described in <ref> and the systematic uncertainties are discussed in <ref>.
In <ref> the results are presented from both this analysis and in combination with previous measurements.



§ DETECTOR AND SIMULATION


The detector <cit.> is a single-arm forward
spectrometer covering the  range 2<η <5,
designed for the study of particles containing or quarks. The detector includes a high-precision tracking system
consisting of a silicon-strip vertex detector surrounding the pp
interaction region <cit.>, a large-area silicon-strip detector located
upstream of a dipole magnet with a bending power of about
4 T m, and three stations of silicon-strip detectors and straw
drift tubes <cit.> placed downstream of the magnet.
The tracking system provides a measurement of the momentum, , of charged particles with
a relative uncertainty that varies from 0.5% at low momentum to 1.0% at 200.
The minimum distance of a track to a primary pp collision vertex (PV), the impact parameter (IP),
is measured with a resolution of (15+29/),
where is the component of the momentum transverse to the beam, in .
Different types of charged hadrons are distinguished using information
from two ring-imaging Cherenkov detectors <cit.>.
Photons, electrons and hadrons are identified by a calorimeter system consisting of
scintillating-pad and preshower detectors, an electromagnetic

and a hadronic calorimeter. Muons are identified by a
system composed of alternating layers of iron and multiwire
proportional chambers <cit.>.

Simulation is required to model the effects of the detector acceptance and the
imposed selection requirements.
Samples of signal decays are used to determine the parameterisation of the signal mass
distributions and decay-time resolution model.
In the simulation, pp collisions are generated using
 <cit.>
with a specific configuration <cit.>.
Decays of unstable particles
are described by  <cit.>, in which final-state
radiation is generated using  <cit.>.
The interaction of the generated particles with the detector, and its response,
are implemented using the toolkit <cit.> as described in
Ref. <cit.>.
The underlying pp interaction is reused multiple times, with an independently generated signal decay for each <cit.>.
To account for differences between the distributions of particle identification (PID) variables in simulation and data,
the PIDCalib package <cit.> is used to reweight the distributions in the simulation.



§ SELECTION



The online event selection is performed by a trigger <cit.>,
which consists of a hardware stage based on information from the calorimeter and muon
systems, followed by a software stage which applies a full event
reconstruction.
At the hardware trigger stage, events are required to have a muon with high or a
hadron, photon or electron with high transverse energy in the calorimeters.
The software trigger requires a two-, three- or four-track
secondary vertex with a significant displacement from any primary
pp interaction vertex. At least one charged particle
must have a transverse momentum > 1.6 and be
inconsistent with originating from a PV.
A multivariate algorithm <cit.> is used for
the identification of secondary vertices consistent with the decay
of a hadron.


In the offline selection, and candidates are reconstructed through their decays into the selected final-state particles, which are required to
satisfy loose selection criteria on their momentum, transverse momentum and PID variables, and be inconsistent with originating from any PV.
The and candidates should form vertices with a good fit quality and the scalar sum of transverse momenta of their three final-state particles should be greater than 1800.
All possible combinations of tracks forming a common vertex should have a distance of closest approach smaller than 0.5.
The candidates are reconstructed from two or candidates with opposite charges that form a good-quality vertex.
The momentum vector of the candidates should point from the PV to the secondary vertex.
The scalar sum of the transverse momenta of all six final-state particles is required to be greater than 5000.

The invariant masses of the and candidates are required to be within a window of ± 45 around their known values <cit.>.
This requirement, of about ±4 times the mass resolution, retains almost all candidates while separating the from the mass region.
To suppress single-charm decays of the form ^+^-^-, both candidates are required to
have a significant flight distance from the decay vertex.


In the reconstruction of the candidates, background contributions can arise from the misidentification of the final-state particles.
Misidentification from a pion, kaon or proton is considered.
The three-body invariant masses are recomputed to identify background decays from , and states.
The masses for potential two-body background contributions arising from intermediate and decays are similarly computed.
These background sources are suppressed by PID requirements within the mass windows of the known particle masses.


A particularly challenging background arises from the misidentification between  and  decays.
The ↔ misidentification shifts the mass region of the reconstructed candidates to that of the or vice versa.
In this case, a simple PID requirement does not provide the necessary rejection of
the particularly large background contribution from  decays.
To distinguish between the two decays a boosted decision tree (BDT) algorithm is trained utilising the  module from the  package <cit.>.
Simulated and decays from the ,  and  samples are used to train the BDT classifier.
A k-folding procedure with k=5 is used to avoid overtraining <cit.>.
Various two- and three-body invariant masses, recomputed with different final-state particle hypotheses, are used in the training.
Additionally, the flight distance of the candidates, and the PID variables of those particles that are potentially misidentified, are used.
The requirements on the BDT-classifier output are chosen to suppress the candidates in the  channel and
candidates in the  channel to negligible levels.
This is verified by applying the requirements to the simulated samples, which results in the rejection of more than 99% of the respective candidates.


A second BDT classifier is trained to suppress combinatorial background.
As a signal proxy, all available simulated ,  and  samples are used while
the background proxy is taken from the upper-mass sideband of the data, which is defined as m_>5600, beyond the -candidate mass fit region.
The variables used in the training are all transverse momenta of intermediate and final-state particles;
the flight distance and the difference in invariant mass from the known value <cit.> of the candidates;
the angle between the flight direction and each of the decay products;
the of the and candidates,
which is the difference in the value of the PV fit with and without the particle being considered in the calculation.
Similar to the strategy used in Ref. <cit.>, the requirement on the BDT-classifier output is chosen to minimise the uncertainties on the -violation parameters.


The invariant mass used in the mass fits is computed from a kinematic fit to the decay chain
with constraints on all charm-meson masses to improve the invariant-mass resolution of the candidates <cit.>.
For calculation of the decay time, a constraint on the PV is used in the kinematic fit. To avoid correlations between the decay time and the invariant mass, no constraints on the charm-masses are used.


Contributions from partially reconstructed backgrounds are reduced to negligible levels by restricting the invariant mass of the candidates to lie within the range 5240–5540.
The decay-time range is chosen to be 0.3–10.3, where the lower boundary is set to reduce background originating from the PV.
For candidates the same decay-time range is chosen, but the invariant-mass range is 5300–5600.

After the selection, multiple candidates are found in about 1% of the events.
Usually, these candidates differ in just one track or PID assignment.
Since it is very unlikely to find two genuine candidates in one event, only one of the candidates is chosen arbitrarily.



§ MASS FIT


An extended unbinned maximum-likelihood fit to the invariant mass of the candidates is performed to
extract per-event weights via the technique <cit.>.
These weights are used in the decay-time fit to statistically subtract the background.
Pseudoexperiment studies indicate that any residual correlation between the decay time and the mass introduces no meaningful bias into the -violation measurement.


The mass model in the  channel consists of a signal component and
two background components to model  decays and the combinatorial background.
A double-sided Hypatia probability density function (PDF) <cit.> is used to model the signal component.
The shape parameters are determined by a fit to simulated  decays and fixed
in the fit to data, while the peak position and width of the distribution are allowed to vary.
The same model is used for the  component with a shift of the peak position by the known
mass difference between the and mesons <cit.>.
An exponential PDF is used to model the combinatorial background.



The mass model in the  channel consists only of a signal component and
a combinatorial background component, which are parameterised as in the  fit.
Mass fits are performed separately for each final state.
Figures <ref> and <ref> show the results of the fits to all   and  final states, respectively.

The fits yield an overall number of 5 695 ± 100  and 13 313 ± 135  signal decays.



§ FLAVOUR TAGGING


For time-dependent violation measurements of neutral mesons, the flavour of the meson at production is required.
At the method used to determine the initial flavour is called flavour tagging.
These algorithms exploit the fact that in collisions, and quarks are almost exclusively produced in pairs.
When the quark forms a meson (and similarly the quark forms a meson), additional particles are produced in the fragmentation process.
From the charges and types of these particles, the flavour of the signal meson at production can be inferred.
The tagging algorithm that uses charged pions or protons from the fragmentation process of the quark that leads to the signal
is called the same-side (SS) tagger <cit.>.
In the case of signal mesons, charged kaons are used by the SS tagger <cit.>.
The opposite-side (OS) tagger uses information from electrons and muons from semileptonic decays, kaons from
the  decay chain, secondary charm hadrons and the charges of tracks from the secondary vertex of the
other -hadron decay <cit.>.
Each algorithm i provides individual tag decisions, d_i, and a predicted mistag, η_i, which is an estimate of the probability
that the tag decision is wrong.
The tag decision takes the values -1 for a meson, 1 for a meson and 0 if no tag decision can be made.
The predicted mistag ranges from 0 to 0.5 and takes the value of 0.5 for untagged events.
Each predicted mistag distribution is given by the output of a BDT that is trained on flavour-specific decays <cit.> and
has to be calibrated to represent the mistag probability, _i(η_i), in the signal decay.
Flavour-specific control channels with kinematics similar to the signal are used to obtain a calibration curve.
This is found to be well-described by a linear function.
Following calibration, the individual taggers are combined separately for OS and SS cases, and the resulting mistag distributions are recalibrated.
These calibrations are used in the decay-time fit to determine the -violation parameters to which the uncertainties on the calibration parameters are propagated through means of a Gaussian constraint.

To calibrate the SS and OS taggers of the  channel, as well as the OS tagger of the 
channel,  decays are used.
These have very similar kinematics to the signal decays and the selection is very similar, as described in <ref>.
The SS kaon tagger used for  decays is calibrated with the
 channel.
A reweighting process is applied to ensure the calibration sample matches the distributions of the signal channel in the transverse momentum of the meson, the pseudorapidity, the number of tracks and the number of PVs.
Additionally, the compatibility of the calibration between  and  decays is verified by comparing the calibration parameters
determined using simulation.

The performance of the tagging algorithms is measured by the tagging power ϵ_tagD^2, where ϵ_tag
is the fraction of tagged candidates and D=1-2ω is the dilution factor introduced by the mistag probability, ω.
The tagging power is a statistical dilution factor due to imperfect tagging, equivalent to an efficiency with respect to a sample with perfect tagging.
Overall tagging powers of (6.28±0.11)% in  and (5.60±0.07)% in  decays are achieved. 



§ DECAY-TIME FIT


An unbinned maximum-likelihood fit to the signal-weighted decay-time distribution is performed to determine the -violation parameters.
In order to avoid experimenter bias, the values of the -violation parameters were
not examined until the full procedure had been finalised.

The measured decay-time distribution of the candidates given the tag decisions d⃗ = (d_OS, d_SS) and predicted mistags η⃗ = (η_OS, η_SS) is described by the PDF

    𝒫(t,d⃗ | η⃗) = ϵ(t) ·( ℬ(t',d⃗ | η⃗) ⊗ℛ(t-t') ) ,

where ℬ(t',d⃗ | η⃗) describes the distribution of the true decay time t', which is convolved with the decay-time resolution function
ℛ(t-t'), and the acceptance function ϵ(t) describes the total efficiency as a function of the reconstructed decay time.
The PDF describing the decay-time distribution can be deduced from <ref> and takes the general form

    ℬ(t',d⃗ | η⃗) ∝  e^-t'/τ   ( C^eff_cosh(d⃗ | η⃗) cosh_ t'/2
            + C^eff_sinh(d⃗ | η⃗) sinh_ t'/2
        - C^eff_cos(d⃗ | η⃗) cos_ t'
            + C^eff_sin(d⃗ | η⃗) sin_ t').

The effective coefficients are given by

    C^eff_cosh    = D_f(Σ(d⃗ | η⃗) + A_prodΔ(d⃗ | η⃗),       C^eff_cos = C_f (Δ(d⃗ | η⃗) + A_prodΣ(d⃗ | η⃗)),   
    
            C^eff_sinh    = D_f (Σ(d⃗ | η⃗) + A_prodΔ(d⃗ | η⃗)),          C^eff_sin   = S_f (Δ(d⃗ | η⃗) + A_prodΣ(d⃗ | η⃗)),

where the production asymmetry A_prod = (N_ - N_)/(N_ + N_) represents the difference
in the production rates of and mesons. The functions

    Σ(d⃗,η⃗)    = P(d⃗,η⃗|) + P(d⃗,η⃗|)  and
    Δ(d⃗,η⃗)    = P(d⃗,η⃗|) - P(d⃗,η⃗|)

are dependent on the tagging calibration parameters, where P(d⃗,η⃗|) and P(d⃗,η⃗|) are the probabilities of observing the tagging decisions d⃗ and the predicted mistags η⃗, given the true flavour  or , respectively.




 §.§ 

The decay-time fit of  decays is insensitive to C^eff_sinh under the assumption that is zero.

Moreover, due to the long oscillation period of the mesons, the decay-time resolution of around 52 has a very small impact on the -violation parameters.
The decay-time resolution model consists of three Gaussian functions that have a common mean and different widths. The parameters of the model are determined from simulation and fixed in the fit to data.


The selection and reconstruction efficiency depends on the decay time due to displacement requirements made on the final-state particles and
a decrease in the reconstruction efficiency for tracks with large impact parameter with respect to the beamline <cit.>.
The decay-time dependent efficiency is modeled by cubic-spline functions <cit.> with five knots at (0.3, 0.5, 2.7, 6.3, 10.3), whose positions were determined using simulation.
The spline coefficients are free to vary in the fit.


Gaussian constraints are used to account for the uncertainties on the tagging calibration parameters,
the lifetime, the oscillation frequency, , and the production asymmetry.
The world-average values are used for the external parameters <cit.>, while the production asymmetry is taken from
a similar time-dependent analysis of  decays <cit.>.
The tagging efficiencies are free to vary in the decay-time fit.


Figure <ref> (left) shows the results of the decay-time fit for this channel.





 §.§ 

In the decay-time fit of  decays, the hyperbolic terms of <ref> can be measured provided that is not zero. Moreover,
the definitions from <ref> are used to directly determine the parameters and |λ|.

The acceptance function, the tagging parameters and external parameters are treated in the same way as for the  decays.
In addition to the lifetime and the oscillation frequency, , the decay-width difference is constrained in the fit to the world-average value <cit.>.
The value of the production asymmetry is taken from the control channel  as described in Ref. <cit.>.


Due to the high oscillation frequency of the meson, the decay-time resolution plays an important role. A per-event decay-time resolution is determined based on the per-event decay-time uncertainty estimated from the vertex fit, which is calibrated using a sample of candidates, with (), and additional requirements imposed to suppress candidates produced in decays to negligible levels.
The measured decay time of the remaining candidates, which originate from the PV, is consistent with zero, and their distribution is used to assess  resolution and bias effects.
A linear fit to the measured and predicted decay-time resolution is performed.
A scale factor is then applied to translate the resulting calibration to the signal  mode. It is determined by comparing the decay-time resolution of  and  decays in simulation.


Figure <ref> (right) shows the results of the decay-time fit for this channel.

The decay-time-dependent asymmetry and the projection of the PDF are shown in <ref> for (left)  and (right)  decays. The asymmetry in each decay-time bin is given by A^ = -(∑_j w_jd_jD_j)/(∑_j w_jD_j^2) with the tagging decision d_j, the tagging dilution D_j and the signal weight w_j obtained by the method <cit.>, for each candidate j.




§ SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES AND CROSS-CHECKS


A variety of cross-checks are performed and potential sources of systematic uncertainties are considered.


The decay-time fit is performed on a simulated  sample using the same strategy for
the tagging calibration as for the fit to data.
A second fit is performed where instead of the reconstructed tagging, the truth information of the initial flavour
of the mesons is used.
Both results of the -violation parameters agree with the generated values.


The decay-time fit is performed on several subsets of the data to test the consistency of the results.
The data subdivision is done according to the final state, magnet polarity, years of data taking and tagging information (OS only or SS only). Consistent results are found in all cases.


A bootstrapping procedure <cit.> is used to cross-check the statistical uncertainty from the decay-time fit to data.
A data set is created by randomly drawing candidates from the original sample until a certain number of candidates is reached that itself is drawn from a Poisson distribution with the expected number of candidates matching the original data sample.
This entails that the same candidate can be drawn multiple times.
The mass and decay-time fits are performed on this data set to first statistically subtract the background and then determine the -violation parameters.
The residual of the fit result with respect to the baseline fit is stored and the whole procedure is repeated until the distribution of the residuals is not significantly affected by statistical fluctuations.
The statistical uncertainties from the fits to data are shown to be accurate as they are consistent with the standard deviations of the residuals, and the correlation coefficients lie within expectations.


A decay-time fit with a different set of knots for the acceptance function is performed.
The difference in the results with respect to the baseline fit is assigned as a systematic uncertainty.


To test the fit strategy, pseudoexperiments are performed.
In each pseudoexperiment, the mass and decay time are generated using the results of the baseline fit to data.
The background contributions are generated with a specific time dependence, assuming symmetry for the  background.
Similar to the bootstrapping procedure, the baseline fitting procedure is performed on the pseudoexperiments and the residuals are collected.
For  decays, the mean values of the results are found to be consistent with the input values within the statistical uncertainties, while the fits to the  pseudoexperiments show a small bias of -0.002 in and 0.008 in |λ_|.
This is of the order of a few percent of the statistical uncertainty and is subtracted from the biases found in the following studies.

The following systematic uncertainties are determined using the same procedure, with the only difference being that an alternative model is used to generate pseudoexperiments in each case.
A bias in the distribution of the residuals is assigned as a systematic uncertainty.


The sum of two Crystal Ball functions <cit.>, with parameters obtained from a fit to simulation, is used in the pseudoexperiments to test the choice of the signal mass model.


Since is fixed to zero in the decay-time fit of  decays, a systematic uncertainty is assigned for this assumption.
The value of is varied in the pseudoexperiments from the assumed value of zero by ±1σ, where σ is the uncertainty of the world average value of  <cit.>.
The value of D_ is calculated from the normalisation condition D_ = ±√(1 - S_^2 - C_^2) and the largest deviation is assigned as the systematic uncertainty.


In the  channel the decay-time-resolution model is determined on simulation.
Due to differences between simulation and data the resolution could be underestimated.
The effect of underestimating the resolution is tested by increasing the width of the resolution function by 10% in the pseudoexperiments, which corresponds to the level measured in the system. It is found to be small and no further studies are considered.

In the  channel, candidates originating from the PV are used to determine a per-event resolution calibration.
Only () decays are used and assumed to represent the resolution of the whole sample.
A second calibration is obtained using a sample of  decays without specific requirements on the intermediate decays and used in the pseudoexperiments to assign a systematic uncertainty.


A decay-time bias caused by the misalignment of the vertex detector was observed in other analyses of data taken during the same period <cit.> and confirmed in the present analysis.
Due to the low oscillation frequency of mesons, this has a negligible effect on the measurement of the -violation parameters, as shown in Ref. <cit.> and so is not evaluated here.
However, in decays, this bias could have a significant impact on the measurement.
To evaluate the effect, the mean of the resolution function in the generation of the pseudoexperiments is set to the largest observed bias.



The individual systematic uncertainties on the -violation parameters are reported in <ref> and summed in quadrature.




§ RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION


A flavour-tagged time-dependent analysis of  and  decays is performed
using proton-proton collision data collected by the experiment during the years 2015 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.
Approximately 5 700  signal candidates are observed.
A fit to their decay-time distribution, including evaluation of systematic uncertainties, gives the final results

    S_    = , 
    
        C_    = - ,

with a statistical correlation between the two parameters of ρ(S_, C_) = 0.472.
The results and correlations of the external parameters from the decay-time fit are presented in <ref>.
Wilks' theorem <cit.> is used to determine the significance of the result, excluding systematic uncertainties.
The hypothesis of symmetry, corresponding to S_ = C_ = 0, can be rejected by more than six standard deviations.
The values are consistent with previous results from and  <cit.>, which
correspond to a small contribution from higher-order SM corrections.
Thus, this measurement will move the world average further away from the measurement,
which lies outside the physical region <cit.>.

The result is combined with the previous measurement in this channel <cit.>.
Due to the small effect of the external parameters on the result, the two measurements are
assumed to be uncorrelated and the combined values are

    S_    = , 
    
        C_    = -,

with a statistical correlation between the two parameters of ρ(S_, C_) = 0.474.

Approximately 13 000  signal candidates are observed and the final results of the
decay-time fit and the systematic uncertainties are

    = , 
    
        |λ_|     = - ,

with a statistical correlation between the two parameters of ρ(, |λ_|) = -0.007.
Further information on the results of the decay-time fit is shown in <ref>.
This result is consistent with, and more precise than, the previous measurement <cit.>.
The combination with the previous measurement, following the same strategy as for the  decays, yields the values

    = , 
    
        |λ_|     = - ,

with a statistical correlation between the two parameters of ρ(, |λ_|) = 0.005.
The values are consistent with symmetry in the  channel.

These results can be used in combination with other  measurements to perform a global analysis
and extract SM parameters as has previously been performed in Ref. <cit.>.
They represent the most precise single measurements of the -violation parameters in their respective channels and the combined results supersede the previous measurements.
For the first time, symmetry can be excluded by more than six standard deviations in a single measurement of  decays.






§ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS




We express our gratitude to our colleagues in the CERN
accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC. We
thank the technical and administrative staff at the LHCb
institutes.
We acknowledge support from CERN and from the national agencies:
CAPES, CNPq, FAPERJ and FINEP (Brazil); 
MOST and NSFC (China); 
CNRS/IN2P3 (France); 
BMBF, DFG and MPG (Germany); 
INFN (Italy); 
NWO (Netherlands); 
MNiSW and NCN (Poland); 
MCID/IFA (Romania); 

MICIU and AEI (Spain);
SNSF and SER (Switzerland); 
NASU (Ukraine); 
STFC (United Kingdom); 
DOE NP and NSF (USA).
We acknowledge the computing resources that are provided by CERN, IN2P3
(France), KIT and DESY (Germany), INFN (Italy), SURF (Netherlands),
PIC (Spain), GridPP (United Kingdom), 

CSCS (Switzerland), IFIN-HH (Romania), CBPF (Brazil),
and Polish WLCG (Poland).
We are indebted to the communities behind the multiple open-source
software packages on which we depend.
Individual groups or members have received support from
ARC and ARDC (Australia);
Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS, CAS PIFI, CAS CCEPP, 
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, 
and Sci. & Tech. Program of Guangzhou (China);
Minciencias (Colombia);
EPLANET, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, ERC and NextGenerationEU (European Union);
A*MIDEX, ANR, IPhU and Labex P2IO, and Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (France);

AvH Foundation (Germany);
ICSC (Italy); 

Severo Ochoa and María de Maeztu Units of Excellence, GVA, XuntaGal, GENCAT, InTalent-Inditex and Prog.  Atracción Talento CM (Spain);
SRC (Sweden);
the Leverhulme Trust, the Royal Society
 and UKRI (United Kingdom).






§ APPENDICES




§ RESULTS AND CORRELATIONS OF EXTERNAL PARAMETERS












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LHCb

 
 



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C.S. Bolognani^780000-0003-3752-6789,
R. Bolzonella^25,k0000-0002-0055-0577,
N. Bondar^430000-0003-2714-9879,
A. Bordelius^480009-0002-3529-8524,
F. Borgato^32,o0000-0002-3149-6710,
S. Borghi^620000-0001-5135-1511,
M. Borsato^30,n0000-0001-5760-2924,
J.T. Borsuk^400000-0002-9065-9030,
S.A. Bouchiba^490000-0002-0044-6470,
M.  Bovill^630009-0006-2494-8287,
T.J.V. Bowcock^600000-0002-3505-6915,
A. Boyer^480000-0002-9909-0186,
C. Bozzi^250000-0001-6782-3982,
A. Brea Rodriguez^490000-0001-5650-445X,
N. Breer^190000-0003-0307-3662,
J. Brodzicka^400000-0002-8556-0597,
A. Brossa Gonzalo^46,56,45,†0000-0002-4442-1048,
J. Brown^600000-0001-9846-9672,
D. Brundu^310000-0003-4457-5896,
E. Buchanan^58,
A. Buonaura^500000-0003-4907-6463,
L. Buonincontri^32,o0000-0002-1480-454X,
A.T. Burke^620000-0003-0243-0517,
C. Burr^480000-0002-5155-1094,
J.S. Butter^550000-0002-1816-536X,
J. Buytaert^480000-0002-7958-6790,
W. Byczynski^480009-0008-0187-3395,
S. Cadeddu^310000-0002-7763-500X,
H. Cai^73,
A. C.  Caillet^16,
R. Calabrese^25,k0000-0002-1354-5400,
S. Calderon Ramirez^90000-0001-9993-4388,
L. Calefice^450000-0001-6401-1583,
S. Cali^270000-0001-9056-0711,
M. Calvi^30,n0000-0002-8797-1357,
M. Calvo Gomez^440000-0001-5588-1448,
P. Camargo Magalhaes^2,x0000-0003-3641-8110,
J. I. Cambon Bouzas^460000-0002-2952-3118,
P. Campana^270000-0001-8233-1951,
D.H. Campora Perez^780000-0001-8998-9975,
A.F. Campoverde Quezada^70000-0003-1968-1216,
S. Capelli^300000-0002-8444-4498,
L. Capriotti^250000-0003-4899-0587,
R. Caravaca-Mora^90000-0001-8010-0447,
A. Carbone^24,i0000-0002-7045-2243,
L. Carcedo Salgado^460000-0003-3101-3528,
R. Cardinale^28,l0000-0002-7835-7638,
A. Cardini^310000-0002-6649-0298,
P. Carniti^30,n0000-0002-7820-2732,
L. Carus^21,
A. Casais Vidal^640000-0003-0469-2588,
R. Caspary^210000-0002-1449-1619,
G. Casse^600000-0002-8516-237X,
J. Castro Godinez^90000-0003-4808-4904,
M. Cattaneo^480000-0001-7707-169X,
G. Cavallero^25,480000-0002-8342-7047,
V. Cavallini^25,k0000-0001-7601-129X,
S. Celani^210000-0003-4715-7622,
D. Cervenkov^630000-0002-1865-741X,
S.  Cesare^29,m0000-0003-0886-7111,
A.J. Chadwick^600000-0003-3537-9404,
I. Chahrour^820000-0002-1472-0987,
M. Charles^160000-0003-4795-498X,
Ph. Charpentier^480000-0001-9295-8635,
E.  Chatzianagnostou^370009-0009-3781-1820,
M. Chefdeville^100000-0002-6553-6493,
C. Chen^130000-0002-3400-5489,
S. Chen^50000-0002-8647-1828,
Z. Chen^70000-0002-0215-7269,
A. Chernov^400000-0003-0232-6808,
S. Chernyshenko^520000-0002-2546-6080,
X.  Chiotopoulos^780009-0006-5762-6559,
V. Chobanova^800000-0002-1353-6002,
S. Cholak^490000-0001-8091-4766,
M. Chrzaszcz^400000-0001-7901-8710,
A. Chubykin^430000-0003-1061-9643,
V. Chulikov^430000-0002-7767-9117,
P. Ciambrone^270000-0003-0253-9846,
X. Cid Vidal^460000-0002-0468-541X,
G. Ciezarek^480000-0003-1002-8368,
P. Cifra^480000-0003-3068-7029,
P.E.L. Clarke^580000-0003-3746-0732,
M. Clemencic^480000-0003-1710-6824,
H.V. Cliff^550000-0003-0531-0916,
J. Closier^480000-0002-0228-9130,
C. Cocha Toapaxi^210000-0001-5812-8611,
V. Coco^480000-0002-5310-6808,
J. Cogan^130000-0001-7194-7566,
E. Cogneras^110000-0002-8933-9427,
L. Cojocariu^420000-0002-1281-5923,
P. Collins^480000-0003-1437-4022,
T. Colombo^480000-0002-9617-9687,
M. C.  Colonna^190009-0000-1704-4139,
A. Comerma-Montells^450000-0002-8980-6048,
L. Congedo^230000-0003-4536-4644,
A. Contu^310000-0002-3545-2969,
N. Cooke^590000-0002-4179-3700,
I. Corredoira ^460000-0002-6089-0899,
A. Correia^160000-0002-6483-8596,
G. Corti^480000-0003-2857-4471,
J.J. Cottee Meldrum^54,
B. Couturier^480000-0001-6749-1033,
D.C. Craik^500000-0002-3684-1560,
M. Cruz Torres^2,f0000-0003-2607-131X,
E. Curras Rivera^490000-0002-6555-0340,
R. Currie^580000-0002-0166-9529,
C.L. Da Silva^670000-0003-4106-8258,
S. Dadabaev^430000-0002-0093-3244,
L. Dai^700000-0002-4070-4729,
X. Dai^60000-0003-3395-7151,
E. Dall'Occo^190000-0001-9313-4021,
J. Dalseno^460000-0003-3288-4683,
C. D'Ambrosio^480000-0003-4344-9994,
J. Daniel^110000-0002-9022-4264,
A. Danilina^430000-0003-3121-2164,
P. d'Argent^230000-0003-2380-8355,
A.  Davidson^560009-0002-0647-2028,
J.E. Davies^620000-0002-5382-8683,
A. Davis^620000-0001-9458-5115,
O. De Aguiar Francisco^620000-0003-2735-678X,
C. De Angelis^31,j0009-0005-5033-5866,
F. De Benedetti^480000-0002-7960-3116,
J. de Boer^370000-0002-6084-4294,
K. De Bruyn^770000-0002-0615-4399,
S. De Capua^620000-0002-6285-9596,
M. De Cian^21,480000-0002-1268-9621,
U. De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca^2,a0000-0003-0451-4028,
E. De Lucia^270000-0003-0793-0844,
J.M. De Miranda^20009-0003-2505-7337,
L. De Paula^30000-0002-4984-7734,
M. De Serio^23,g0000-0003-4915-7933,
P. De Simone^270000-0001-9392-2079,
F. De Vellis^190000-0001-7596-5091,
J.A. de Vries^780000-0003-4712-9816,
F. Debernardis^230009-0001-5383-4899,
D. Decamp^100000-0001-9643-6762,
V. Dedu^130000-0001-5672-8672,
S.  Dekkers^10000-0001-9598-875X,
L. Del Buono^160000-0003-4774-2194,
B. Delaney^640009-0007-6371-8035,
H.-P. Dembinski^190000-0003-3337-3850,
J. Deng^80000-0002-4395-3616,
V. Denysenko^500000-0002-0455-5404,
O. Deschamps^110000-0002-7047-6042,
F. Dettori^31,j0000-0003-0256-8663,
B. Dey^760000-0002-4563-5806,
P. Di Nezza^270000-0003-4894-6762,
I. Diachkov^430000-0001-5222-5293,
S. Didenko^430000-0001-5671-5863,
S. Ding^680000-0002-5946-581X,
L. Dittmann^210009-0000-0510-0252,
V. Dobishuk^520000-0001-9004-3255,
A. D.  Docheva^590000-0002-7680-4043,
C. Dong^4,b0000-0003-3259-6323,
A.M. Donohoe^220000-0002-4438-3950,
F. Dordei^310000-0002-2571-5067,
A.C. dos Reis^20000-0001-7517-8418,
A. D.  Dowling^680009-0007-1406-3343,
W. Duan^710000-0003-1765-9939,
P. Duda^790000-0003-4043-7963,
M.W. Dudek^400000-0003-3939-3262,
L. Dufour^480000-0002-3924-2774,
V. Duk^330000-0001-6440-0087,
P. Durante^480000-0002-1204-2270,
M. M. Duras^790000-0002-4153-5293,
J.M. Durham^670000-0002-5831-3398,
O. D.  Durmus^760000-0002-8161-7832,
A. Dziurda^400000-0003-4338-7156,
A. Dzyuba^430000-0003-3612-3195,
S. Easo^570000-0002-4027-7333,
E. Eckstein^18,
U. Egede^10000-0001-5493-0762,
A. Egorychev^430000-0001-5555-8982,
V. Egorychev^430000-0002-2539-673X,
S. Eisenhardt^580000-0002-4860-6779,
E. Ejopu^620000-0003-3711-7547,
L. Eklund^810000-0002-2014-3864,
M. Elashri^650000-0001-9398-953X,
J. Ellbracht^190000-0003-1231-6347,
S. Ely^610000-0003-1618-3617,
A. Ene^420000-0001-5513-0927,
E. Epple^650000-0002-6312-3740,
J. Eschle^680000-0002-7312-3699,
S. Esen^210000-0003-2437-8078,
T. Evans^620000-0003-3016-1879,
F. Fabiano^31,j0000-0001-6915-9923,
L.N. Falcao^20000-0003-3441-583X,
Y. Fan^70000-0002-3153-430X,
B. Fang^730000-0003-0030-3813,
L. Fantini^33,p,480000-0002-2351-3998,
M. Faria^490000-0002-4675-4209,
K.   Farmer^580000-0003-2364-2877,
D. Fazzini^30,n0000-0002-5938-4286,
L. Felkowski^790000-0002-0196-910X,
M. Feng^5,70000-0002-6308-5078,
M. Feo^19,480000-0001-5266-2442,
A. Fernandez Casani^470000-0003-1394-509X,
M. Fernandez Gomez^460000-0003-1984-4759,
A.D. Fernez^660000-0001-9900-6514,
F. Ferrari^240000-0002-3721-4585,
F. Ferreira Rodrigues^30000-0002-4274-5583,
M. Ferrillo^500000-0003-1052-2198,
M. Ferro-Luzzi^480009-0008-1868-2165,
S. Filippov^430000-0003-3900-3914,
R.A. Fini^230000-0002-3821-3998,
M. Fiorini^25,k0000-0001-6559-2084,
M. Firlej^390000-0002-1084-0084,
K.L. Fischer^630009-0000-8700-9910,
D.S. Fitzgerald^820000-0001-6862-6876,
C. Fitzpatrick^620000-0003-3674-0812,
T. Fiutowski^390000-0003-2342-8854,
F. Fleuret^150000-0002-2430-782X,
M. Fontana^240000-0003-4727-831X,
L. F.  Foreman^620000-0002-2741-9966,
R. Forty^480000-0003-2103-7577,
D. Foulds-Holt^550000-0001-9921-687X,
V. Franco Lima^30000-0002-3761-209X,
M. Franco Sevilla^660000-0002-5250-2948,
M. Frank^480000-0002-4625-559X,
E. Franzoso^25,k0000-0003-2130-1593,
G. Frau^620000-0003-3160-482X,
C. Frei^480000-0001-5501-5611,
D.A. Friday^620000-0001-9400-3322,
J. Fu^70000-0003-3177-2700,
Q. Fuehring^19,550000-0003-3179-2525,
Y. Fujii^10000-0002-0813-3065,
T. Fulghesu^160000-0001-9391-8619,
E. Gabriel^370000-0001-8300-5939,
G. Galati^230000-0001-7348-3312,
M.D. Galati^370000-0002-8716-4440,
A. Gallas Torreira^460000-0002-2745-7954,
D. Galli^24,i0000-0003-2375-6030,
S. Gambetta^580000-0003-2420-0501,
M. Gandelman^30000-0001-8192-8377,
P. Gandini^290000-0001-7267-6008,
B.  Ganie^620009-0008-7115-3940,
H. Gao^70000-0002-6025-6193,
R. Gao^630009-0004-1782-7642,
T.Q. Gao^550000-0001-7933-0835,
Y. Gao^80000-0002-6069-8995,
Y. Gao^60000-0003-1484-0943,
Y. Gao^8,
M. Garau^31,j0000-0002-0505-9584,
L.M. Garcia Martin^490000-0003-0714-8991,
P. Garcia Moreno^450000-0002-3612-1651,
J. García Pardiñas^480000-0003-2316-8829,
K. G.  Garg^80000-0002-8512-8219,
L. Garrido^450000-0001-8883-6539,
C. Gaspar^480000-0002-8009-1509,
R.E. Geertsema^370000-0001-6829-7777,
L.L. Gerken^190000-0002-6769-3679,
E. Gersabeck^620000-0002-2860-6528,
M. Gersabeck^620000-0002-0075-8669,
T. Gershon^560000-0002-3183-5065,
S. G.  Ghizzo^28,l,
Z. Ghorbanimoghaddam^54,
L. Giambastiani^32,o0000-0002-5170-0635,
F. I. Giasemis^16,e0000-0003-0622-1069,
V. Gibson^550000-0002-6661-1192,
H.K. Giemza^410000-0003-2597-8796,
A.L. Gilman^630000-0001-5934-7541,
M. Giovannetti^270000-0003-2135-9568,
A. Gioventù^450000-0001-5399-326X,
L. Girardey^620000-0002-8254-7274,
P. Gironella Gironell^450000-0001-5603-4750,
C. Giugliano^25,k0000-0002-6159-4557,
M.A. Giza^400000-0002-0805-1561,
E.L. Gkougkousis^610000-0002-2132-2071,
F.C. Glaser^14,210000-0001-8416-5416,
V.V. Gligorov^16,480000-0002-8189-8267,
C. Göbel^690000-0003-0523-495X,
E. Golobardes^440000-0001-8080-0769,
D. Golubkov^430000-0001-6216-1596,
A. Golutvin^61,43,480000-0003-2500-8247,
S. Gomez Fernandez^450000-0002-3064-9834,
F. Goncalves Abrantes^630000-0002-7318-482X,
M. Goncerz^400000-0002-9224-914X,
G. Gong^4,b0000-0002-7822-3947,
J. A. Gooding^190000-0003-3353-9750,
I.V. Gorelov^430000-0001-5570-0133,
C. Gotti^300000-0003-2501-9608,
J.P. Grabowski^180000-0001-8461-8382,
L.A. Granado Cardoso^480000-0003-2868-2173,
E. Graugés^450000-0001-6571-4096,
E. Graverini^49,r0000-0003-4647-6429,
L. Grazette^560000-0001-7907-4261,
G. Graziani^0000-0001-8212-846X,
A. T. Grecu^420000-0002-7770-1839,
L.M. Greeven^370000-0001-5813-7972,
N.A. Grieser^650000-0003-0386-4923,
L. Grillo^590000-0001-5360-0091,
S. Gromov^430000-0002-8967-3644,
C.  Gu^150000-0001-5635-6063,
M. Guarise^250000-0001-8829-9681,
L.  Guerry^110009-0004-8932-4024,
M. Guittiere^140000-0002-2916-7184,
V. Guliaeva^430000-0003-3676-5040,
P. A. Günther^210000-0002-4057-4274,
A.-K. Guseinov^490000-0002-5115-0581,
E. Gushchin^430000-0001-8857-1665,
Y. Guz^6,43,480000-0001-7552-400X,
T. Gys^480000-0002-6825-6497,
K. Habermann^180009-0002-6342-5965,
T. Hadavizadeh^10000-0001-5730-8434,
C. Hadjivasiliou^660000-0002-2234-0001,
G. Haefeli^490000-0002-9257-839X,
C. Haen^480000-0002-4947-2928,
J. Haimberger^480000-0002-3363-7783,
M. Hajheidari^48,
G.  Hallett^560009-0005-1427-6520,
M.M. Halvorsen^480000-0003-0959-3853,
P.M. Hamilton^660000-0002-2231-1374,
J. Hammerich^600000-0002-5556-1775,
Q. Han^80000-0002-7958-2917,
X. Han^210000-0001-7641-7505,
S. Hansmann-Menzemer^210000-0002-3804-8734,
L. Hao^70000-0001-8162-4277,
N. Harnew^630000-0001-9616-6651,
M. Hartmann^140009-0005-8756-0960,
S. Hashmi^390000-0003-2714-2706,
J. He^7,c0000-0002-1465-0077,
F. Hemmer^480000-0001-8177-0856,
C. Henderson^650000-0002-6986-9404,
R.D.L. Henderson^1,560000-0001-6445-4907,
A.M. Hennequin^480009-0008-7974-3785,
K. Hennessy^600000-0002-1529-8087,
L. Henry^490000-0003-3605-832X,
J. Herd^610000-0001-7828-3694,
P. Herrero Gascon^210000-0001-6265-8412,
J. Heuel^170000-0001-9384-6926,
A. Hicheur^30000-0002-3712-7318,
G. Hijano Mendizabal^50,
D. Hill^490000-0003-2613-7315,
S.E. Hollitt^190000-0002-4962-3546,
J. Horswill^620000-0002-9199-8616,
R. Hou^80000-0002-3139-3332,
Y. Hou^110000-0001-6454-278X,
N. Howarth^60,
J. Hu^21,
J. Hu^710000-0002-8227-4544,
W. Hu^60000-0002-2855-0544,
X. Hu^4,b0000-0002-5924-2683,
W. Huang^70000-0002-1407-1729,
W. Hulsbergen^370000-0003-3018-5707,
R.J. Hunter^560000-0001-7894-8799,
M. Hushchyn^430000-0002-8894-6292,
D. Hutchcroft^600000-0002-4174-6509,
M. Idzik^390000-0001-6349-0033,
D. Ilin^430000-0001-8771-3115,
P. Ilten^650000-0001-5534-1732,
A. Inglessi^430000-0002-2522-6722,
A. Iniukhin^430000-0002-1940-6276,
A. Ishteev^430000-0003-1409-1428,
K. Ivshin^430000-0001-8403-0706,
R. Jacobsson^480000-0003-4971-7160,
H. Jage^170000-0002-8096-3792,
S.J. Jaimes Elles^47,740000-0003-0182-8638,
S. Jakobsen^480000-0002-6564-040X,
E. Jans^370000-0002-5438-9176,
B.K. Jashal^470000-0002-0025-4663,
A. Jawahery^66,480000-0003-3719-119X,
V. Jevtic^190000-0001-6427-4746,
E. Jiang^660000-0003-1728-8525,
X. Jiang^5,70000-0001-8120-3296,
Y. Jiang^70000-0002-8964-5109,
Y. J.  Jiang^60000-0002-0656-8647,
M. John^630000-0002-8579-844X,
A.  John Rubesh Rajan^220000-0002-9850-4965,
D. Johnson^530000-0003-3272-6001,
C.R. Jones^550000-0003-1699-8816,
T.P. Jones^560000-0001-5706-7255,
S. Joshi^410000-0002-5821-1674,
B. Jost^480009-0005-4053-1222,
J.  Juan Castella^550009-0009-5577-1308,
N. Jurik^480000-0002-6066-7232,
I. Juszczak^400000-0002-1285-3911,
D. Kaminaris^490000-0002-8912-4653,
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M.  Kane^58 0009-0006-5064-966X,
Y. Kang^4,b0000-0002-6528-8178,
C. Kar^110000-0002-6407-6974,
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A. Kauniskangas^490000-0002-4285-8027,
J.W. Kautz^650000-0001-8482-5576,
M.K. Kazanecki^40,
F. Keizer^480000-0002-1290-6737,
M. Kenzie^550000-0001-7910-4109,
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A. Kharisova^430000-0002-5291-9583,
S. Kholodenko^34,480000-0002-0260-6570,
G. Khreich^140000-0002-6520-8203,
T. Kirn^170000-0002-0253-8619,
V.S. Kirsebom^30,n0009-0005-4421-9025,
O. Kitouni^640000-0001-9695-8165,
S. Klaver^380000-0001-7909-1272,
N. Kleijne^34,q0000-0003-0828-0943,
K. Klimaszewski^410000-0003-0741-5922,
M.R. Kmiec^410000-0002-1821-1848,
S. Koliiev^520009-0002-3680-1224,
L. Kolk^190000-0003-2589-5130,
A. Konoplyannikov^430009-0005-2645-8364,
P. Kopciewicz^39,480000-0001-9092-3527,
P. Koppenburg^370000-0001-8614-7203,
M. Korolev^430000-0002-7473-2031,
I. Kostiuk^370000-0002-8767-7289,
O. Kot^52,
S. Kotriakhova^0000-0002-1495-0053,
A. Kozachuk^430000-0001-6805-0395,
P. Kravchenko^430000-0002-4036-2060,
L. Kravchuk^430000-0001-8631-4200,
M. Kreps^560000-0002-6133-486X,
P. Krokovny^430000-0002-1236-4667,
W. Krupa^680000-0002-7947-465X,
W. Krzemien^410000-0002-9546-358X,
O.K. Kshyvanskyi^52,
S. Kubis^790000-0001-8774-8270,
M. Kucharczyk^400000-0003-4688-0050,
V. Kudryavtsev^430009-0000-2192-995X,
E. Kulikova^430009-0002-8059-5325,
A. Kupsc^810000-0003-4937-2270,
B. K.  Kutsenko^130000-0002-8366-1167,
D. Lacarrere^480009-0005-6974-140X,
P.  Laguarta Gonzalez^450009-0005-3844-0778,
A. Lai^310000-0003-1633-0496,
A. Lampis^310000-0002-5443-4870,
D. Lancierini^550000-0003-1587-4555,
C. Landesa Gomez^460000-0001-5241-8642,
J.J. Lane^10000-0002-5816-9488,
R. Lane^540000-0002-2360-2392,
G. Lanfranchi^270000-0002-9467-8001,
C. Langenbruch^210000-0002-3454-7261,
J. Langer^190000-0002-0322-5550,
O. Lantwin^430000-0003-2384-5973,
T. Latham^560000-0002-7195-8537,
F. Lazzari^34,r0000-0002-3151-3453,
C. Lazzeroni^530000-0003-4074-4787,
R. Le Gac^130000-0002-7551-6971,
H.  Lee^600009-0003-3006-2149,
R. Lefèvre^110000-0002-6917-6210,
A. Leflat^430000-0001-9619-6666,
S. Legotin^430000-0003-3192-6175,
M. Lehuraux^560000-0001-7600-7039,
E. Lemos Cid^480000-0003-3001-6268,
O. Leroy^130000-0002-2589-240X,
T. Lesiak^400000-0002-3966-2998,
E. Lesser^48,
B. Leverington^210000-0001-6640-7274,
A. Li^4,b0000-0001-5012-6013,
C.  Li^130000-0002-3554-5479,
H. Li^710000-0002-2366-9554,
K. Li^80000-0002-2243-8412,
L. Li^620000-0003-4625-6880,
M. Li^8,
P. Li^70000-0003-2740-9765,
P.-R. Li^720000-0002-1603-3646,
Q.  Li^5,70009-0004-1932-8580,
S. Li^80000-0001-5455-3768,
T. Li^5,d0000-0002-5241-2555,
T. Li^710000-0002-5723-0961,
Y. Li^8,
Y. Li^50000-0003-2043-4669,
Z. Lian^4,b0000-0003-4602-6946,
X. Liang^680000-0002-5277-9103,
S. Libralon^470009-0002-5841-9624,
C. Lin^70000-0001-7587-3365,
T. Lin^570000-0001-6052-8243,
R. Lindner^480000-0002-5541-6500,
V. Lisovskyi^490000-0003-4451-214X,
R. Litvinov^31,480000-0002-4234-435X,
F. L.  Liu^10009-0002-2387-8150,
G. Liu^710000-0001-5961-6588,
K. Liu^720000-0003-4529-3356,
S. Liu^5,70000-0002-6919-227X,
W.  Liu^8,
Y. Liu^580000-0003-3257-9240,
Y. Liu^72,
Y. L.  Liu^610000-0001-9617-6067,
A. Lobo Salvia^450000-0002-2375-9509,
A. Loi^310000-0003-4176-1503,
J. Lomba Castro^460000-0003-1874-8407,
T. Long^550000-0001-7292-848X,
J.H. Lopes^30000-0003-1168-9547,
A. Lopez Huertas^450000-0002-6323-5582,
S. López Soliño^460000-0001-9892-5113,
Q. Lu^150000-0002-6598-1941,
C. Lucarelli^260000-0002-8196-1828,
D. Lucchesi^32,o0000-0003-4937-7637,
M. Lucio Martinez^780000-0001-6823-2607,
V. Lukashenko^37,520000-0002-0630-5185,
Y. Luo^60009-0001-8755-2937,
A. Lupato^32,h0000-0003-0312-3914,
E. Luppi^25,k0000-0002-1072-5633,
K. Lynch^220000-0002-7053-4951,
X.-R. Lyu^70000-0001-5689-9578,
G. M.  Ma^4,b0000-0001-8838-5205,
R. Ma^70000-0002-0152-2412,
S. Maccolini^190000-0002-9571-7535,
F. Machefert^140000-0002-4644-5916,
F. Maciuc^420000-0001-6651-9436,
B.  Mack^680000-0001-8323-6454,
I. Mackay^630000-0003-0171-7890,
L. M.  Mackey^680000-0002-8285-3589,
L.R. Madhan Mohan^550000-0002-9390-8821,
M. J.  Madurai^530000-0002-6503-0759,
A. Maevskiy^430000-0003-1652-8005,
D. Magdalinski^370000-0001-6267-7314,
D. Maisuzenko^430000-0001-5704-3499,
M.W. Majewski^39,
J.J. Malczewski^400000-0003-2744-3656,
S. Malde^630000-0002-8179-0707,
L. Malentacca^48,
A. Malinin^430000-0002-3731-9977,
T. Maltsev^430000-0002-2120-5633,
G. Manca^31,j0000-0003-1960-4413,
G. Mancinelli^130000-0003-1144-3678,
C. Mancuso^29,14,m0000-0002-2490-435X,
R. Manera Escalero^450000-0003-4981-6847,
D. Manuzzi^240000-0002-9915-6587,
D. Marangotto^29,m0000-0001-9099-4878,
J.F. Marchand^100000-0002-4111-0797,
R. Marchevski^490000-0003-3410-0918,
U. Marconi^240000-0002-5055-7224,
E. Mariani^16,
S. Mariani^480000-0002-7298-3101,
C. Marin Benito^450000-0003-0529-6982,
J. Marks^210000-0002-2867-722X,
A.M. Marshall^540000-0002-9863-4954,
L.  Martel^630000-0001-8562-0038,
G. Martelli^33,p0000-0002-6150-3168,
G. Martellotti^350000-0002-8663-9037,
L. Martinazzoli^480000-0002-8996-795X,
M. Martinelli^30,n0000-0003-4792-9178,
D. Martinez Santos^460000-0002-6438-4483,
F. Martinez Vidal^470000-0001-6841-6035,
A. Massafferri^20000-0002-3264-3401,
R. Matev^480000-0001-8713-6119,
A. Mathad^480000-0002-9428-4715,
V. Matiunin^430000-0003-4665-5451,
C. Matteuzzi^680000-0002-4047-4521,
K.R. Mattioli^150000-0003-2222-7727,
A. Mauri^610000-0003-1664-8963,
E. Maurice^150000-0002-7366-4364,
J. Mauricio^450000-0002-9331-1363,
P. Mayencourt^490000-0002-8210-1256,
J. Mazorra de Cos^470000-0003-0525-2736,
M. Mazurek^410000-0002-3687-9630,
M. McCann^610000-0002-3038-7301,
L. Mcconnell^220009-0004-7045-2181,
T.H. McGrath^620000-0001-8993-3234,
N.T. McHugh^590000-0002-5477-3995,
A. McNab^620000-0001-5023-2086,
R. McNulty^220000-0001-7144-0175,
B. Meadows^650000-0002-1947-8034,
G. Meier^190000-0002-4266-1726,
D. Melnychuk^410000-0003-1667-7115,
F. M.  Meng^4,b0009-0004-1533-6014,
M. Merk^37,780000-0003-0818-4695,
A. Merli^490000-0002-0374-5310,
L. Meyer Garcia^660000-0002-2622-8551,
D. Miao^5,70000-0003-4232-5615,
H. Miao^70000-0002-1936-5400,
M. Mikhasenko^750000-0002-6969-2063,
D.A. Milanes^740000-0001-7450-1121,
A. Minotti^30,n0000-0002-0091-5177,
E. Minucci^680000-0002-3972-6824,
T. Miralles^110000-0002-4018-1454,
B. Mitreska^190000-0002-1697-4999,
D.S. Mitzel^190000-0003-3650-2689,
A. Modak^570000-0003-1198-1441,
R.A. Mohammed^630000-0002-3718-4144,
R.D. Moise^170000-0002-5662-8804,
S. Mokhnenko^430000-0002-1849-1472,
E. F. Molina Cardenas^820009-0002-0674-5305,
T. Mombächer^480000-0002-5612-979X,
M. Monk^56,10000-0003-0484-0157,
S. Monteil^110000-0001-5015-3353,
A. Morcillo Gomez^460000-0001-9165-7080,
G. Morello^270000-0002-6180-3697,
M.J. Morello^34,q0000-0003-4190-1078,
M.P. Morgenthaler^210000-0002-7699-5724,
J. Moron^390000-0002-1857-1675,
A.B. Morris^480000-0002-0832-9199,
A.G. Morris^130000-0001-6644-9888,
R. Mountain^680000-0003-1908-4219,
H. Mu^4,b0000-0001-9720-7507,
Z. M.  Mu^60000-0001-9291-2231,
E. Muhammad^560000-0001-7413-5862,
F. Muheim^580000-0002-1131-8909,
M. Mulder^770000-0001-6867-8166,
K. Müller^500000-0002-5105-1305,
F. Muñoz-Rojas^90000-0002-4978-602X,
R. Murta^610000-0002-6915-8370,
P. Naik^600000-0001-6977-2971,
T. Nakada^490009-0000-6210-6861,
R. Nandakumar^570000-0002-6813-6794,
T. Nanut^480000-0002-5728-9867,
I. Nasteva^30000-0001-7115-7214,
M. Needham^580000-0002-8297-6714,
N. Neri^29,m0000-0002-6106-3756,
S. Neubert^180000-0002-0706-1944,
N. Neufeld^480000-0003-2298-0102,
P. Neustroev^43,
J. Nicolini^19,140000-0001-9034-3637,
D. Nicotra^780000-0001-7513-3033,
E.M. Niel^490000-0002-6587-4695,
N. Nikitin^430000-0003-0215-1091,
P. Nogarolli^30009-0001-4635-1055,
P. Nogga^18,
C. Normand^540000-0001-5055-7710,
J. Novoa Fernandez^460000-0002-1819-1381,
G. Nowak^650000-0003-4864-7164,
C. Nunez^820000-0002-2521-9346,
H. N.  Nur^590000-0002-7822-523X,
A. Oblakowska-Mucha^390000-0003-1328-0534,
V. Obraztsov^430000-0002-0994-3641,
T. Oeser^170000-0001-7792-4082,
S. Okamura^25,k0000-0003-1229-3093,
A. Okhotnikov^43,
O. Okhrimenko^520000-0002-0657-6962,
R. Oldeman^31,j0000-0001-6902-0710,
F. Oliva^580000-0001-7025-3407,
M. Olocco^190000-0002-6968-1217,
C.J.G. Onderwater^780000-0002-2310-4166,
R.H. O'Neil^580000-0002-9797-8464,
D. Osthues^19,
J.M. Otalora Goicochea^30000-0002-9584-8500,
P. Owen^500000-0002-4161-9147,
A. Oyanguren^470000-0002-8240-7300,
O. Ozcelik^580000-0003-3227-9248,
F. Paciolla^34,u0000-0002-6001-600X,
A.  Padee^410000-0002-5017-7168,
K.O. Padeken^180000-0001-7251-9125,
B. Pagare^560000-0003-3184-1622,
P.R. Pais^210009-0005-9758-742X,
T. Pajero^480000-0001-9630-2000,
A. Palano^230000-0002-6095-9593,
M. Palutan^270000-0001-7052-1360,
G. Panshin^430000-0001-9163-2051,
L. Paolucci^560000-0003-0465-2893,
A. Papanestis^57,480000-0002-5405-2901,
M. Pappagallo^23,g0000-0001-7601-5602,
L.L. Pappalardo^25,k0000-0002-0876-3163,
C. Pappenheimer^650000-0003-0738-3668,
C. Parkes^620000-0003-4174-1334,
B. Passalacqua^250000-0003-3643-7469,
G. Passaleva^260000-0002-8077-8378,
D. Passaro^34,q0000-0002-8601-2197,
A. Pastore^230000-0002-5024-3495,
M. Patel^610000-0003-3871-5602,
J. Patoc^630009-0000-1201-4918,
C. Patrignani^24,i0000-0002-5882-1747,
A.  Paul^680009-0006-7202-0811,
C.J. Pawley^780000-0001-9112-3724,
A. Pellegrino^370000-0002-7884-345X,
J.  Peng^5,70009-0005-4236-4667,
M. Pepe Altarelli^270000-0002-1642-4030,
S. Perazzini^240000-0002-1862-7122,
D. Pereima^430000-0002-7008-8082,
H.  Pereira Da Costa^670000-0002-3863-352X,
A. Pereiro Castro^460000-0001-9721-3325,
P. Perret^110000-0002-5732-4343,
A. Perro^480000-0002-1996-0496,
K. Petridis^540000-0001-7871-5119,
A. Petrolini^28,l0000-0003-0222-7594,
J. P.  Pfaller^650009-0009-8578-3078,
H. Pham^680000-0003-2995-1953,
L. Pica^34,q0000-0001-9837-6556,
M. Piccini^330000-0001-8659-4409,
L.  Piccolo^310000-0003-1896-2892,
B. Pietrzyk^100000-0003-1836-7233,
G. Pietrzyk^140000-0001-9622-820X,
D. Pinci^350000-0002-7224-9708,
F. Pisani^480000-0002-7763-252X,
M. Pizzichemi^30,n,480000-0001-5189-230X,
V. Placinta^420000-0003-4465-2441,
M. Plo Casasus^460000-0002-2289-918X,
T. Poeschl^480000-0003-3754-7221,
F. Polci^16,480000-0001-8058-0436,
M. Poli Lener^270000-0001-7867-1232,
A. Poluektov^130000-0003-2222-9925,
N. Polukhina^430000-0001-5942-1772,
I. Polyakov^430000-0002-6855-7783,
E. Polycarpo^30000-0002-4298-5309,
S. Ponce^480000-0002-1476-7056,
D. Popov^70000-0002-8293-2922,
S. Poslavskii^430000-0003-3236-1452,
K. Prasanth^580000-0001-9923-0938,
C. Prouve^460000-0003-2000-6306,
D. Provenzano^31,j0009-0005-9992-9761,
V. Pugatch^520000-0002-5204-9821,
G. Punzi^34,r0000-0002-8346-9052,
S.  Qasim^500000-0003-4264-9724,
Q. Q.  Qian^60000-0001-6453-4691,
W. Qian^70000-0003-3932-7556,
N. Qin^4,b0000-0001-8453-658X,
S. Qu^4,b0000-0002-7518-0961,
R. Quagliani^480000-0002-3632-2453,
R.I. Rabadan Trejo^560000-0002-9787-3910,
J.H. Rademacker^540000-0003-2599-7209,
M. Rama^340000-0003-3002-4719,
M.  Ramírez García^820000-0001-7956-763X,
V. Ramos De Oliveira^690000-0003-3049-7866,
M. Ramos Pernas^560000-0003-1600-9432,
M.S. Rangel^30000-0002-8690-5198,
F. Ratnikov^430000-0003-0762-5583,
G. Raven^380000-0002-2897-5323,
M. Rebollo De Miguel^470000-0002-4522-4863,
F. Redi^29,h0000-0001-9728-8984,
J. Reich^540000-0002-2657-4040,
F. Reiss^620000-0002-8395-7654,
Z. Ren^70000-0001-9974-9350,
P.K. Resmi^630000-0001-9025-2225,
R. Ribatti^490000-0003-1778-1213,
G. R.  Ricart^15,120000-0002-9292-2066,
D. Riccardi^34,q0009-0009-8397-572X,
S. Ricciardi^570000-0002-4254-3658,
K. Richardson^640000-0002-6847-2835,
M. Richardson-Slipper^580000-0002-2752-001X,
K. Rinnert^600000-0001-9802-1122,
P. Robbe^140000-0002-0656-9033,
G. Robertson^590000-0002-7026-1383,
E. Rodrigues^600000-0003-2846-7625,
E. Rodriguez Fernandez^460000-0002-3040-065X,
J.A. Rodriguez Lopez^740000-0003-1895-9319,
E. Rodriguez Rodriguez^460000-0002-7973-8061,
J. Roensch^19,
A. Rogachev^430000-0002-7548-6530,
A. Rogovskiy^570000-0002-1034-1058,
D.L. Rolf^480000-0001-7908-7214,
P. Roloff^480000-0001-7378-4350,
V. Romanovskiy^650000-0003-0939-4272,
M. Romero Lamas^460000-0002-1217-8418,
A. Romero Vidal^460000-0002-8830-1486,
G. Romolini^250000-0002-0118-4214,
F. Ronchetti^490000-0003-3438-9774,
T. Rong^60000-0002-5479-9212,
M. Rotondo^270000-0001-5704-6163,
S. R.  Roy^210000-0002-3999-6795,
M.S. Rudolph^680000-0002-0050-575X,
M. Ruiz Diaz^210000-0001-6367-6815,
R.A. Ruiz Fernandez^460000-0002-5727-4454,
J. Ruiz Vidal^81,y0000-0001-8362-7164,
A. Ryzhikov^430000-0002-3543-0313,
J. Ryzka^390000-0003-4235-2445,
J. J. Saavedra-Arias^90000-0002-2510-8929,
J.J. Saborido Silva^460000-0002-6270-130X,
R. Sadek^150000-0003-0438-8359,
N. Sagidova^430000-0002-2640-3794,
D. Sahoo^760000-0002-5600-9413,
N. Sahoo^530000-0001-9539-8370,
B. Saitta^31,j0000-0003-3491-0232,
M. Salomoni^30,n,480009-0007-9229-653X,
I. Sanderswood^470000-0001-7731-6757,
R. Santacesaria^350000-0003-3826-0329,
C. Santamarina Rios^460000-0002-9810-1816,
M. Santimaria^27,480000-0002-8776-6759,
L. Santoro ^20000-0002-2146-2648,
E. Santovetti^360000-0002-5605-1662,
A. Saputi^25,480000-0001-6067-7863,
D. Saranin^430000-0002-9617-9986,
A. Sarnatskiy^770009-0007-2159-3633,
G. Sarpis^580000-0003-1711-2044,
M. Sarpis^620000-0002-6402-1674,
C. Satriano^35,s0000-0002-4976-0460,
A. Satta^360000-0003-2462-913X,
M. Saur^60000-0001-8752-4293,
D. Savrina^430000-0001-8372-6031,
H. Sazak^170000-0003-2689-1123,
F. Sborzacchi^48,270009-0004-7916-2682,
L.G. Scantlebury Smead^630000-0001-8702-7991,
A. Scarabotto^190000-0003-2290-9672,
S. Schael^170000-0003-4013-3468,
S. Scherl^600000-0003-0528-2724,
M. Schiller^590000-0001-8750-863X,
H. Schindler^480000-0002-1468-0479,
M. Schmelling^200000-0003-3305-0576,
B. Schmidt^480000-0002-8400-1566,
S. Schmitt^170000-0002-6394-1081,
H. Schmitz^18,
O. Schneider^490000-0002-6014-7552,
A. Schopper^480000-0002-8581-3312,
N. Schulte^190000-0003-0166-2105,
S. Schulte^490009-0001-8533-0783,
M.H. Schune^140000-0002-3648-0830,
R. Schwemmer^480009-0005-5265-9792,
G. Schwering^170000-0003-1731-7939,
B. Sciascia^270000-0003-0670-006X,
A. Sciuccati^480000-0002-8568-1487,
S. Sellam^460000-0003-0383-1451,
A. Semennikov^430000-0003-1130-2197,
T. Senger^500009-0006-2212-6431,
M. Senghi Soares^380000-0001-9676-6059,
A. Sergi^28,l,480000-0001-9495-6115,
N. Serra^500000-0002-5033-0580,
L. Sestini^320000-0002-1127-5144,
A. Seuthe^190000-0002-0736-3061,
Y. Shang^60000-0001-7987-7558,
D.M. Shangase^820000-0002-0287-6124,
M. Shapkin^430000-0002-4098-9592,
R. S.  Sharma^680000-0003-1331-1791,
I. Shchemerov^430000-0001-9193-8106,
L. Shchutska^490000-0003-0700-5448,
T. Shears^600000-0002-2653-1366,
L. Shekhtman^430000-0003-1512-9715,
Z. Shen^60000-0003-1391-5384,
S. Sheng^5,70000-0002-1050-5649,
V. Shevchenko^430000-0003-3171-9125,
B. Shi^70000-0002-5781-8933,
Q. Shi^70000-0001-7915-8211,
Y. Shimizu^140000-0002-4936-1152,
E. Shmanin^240000-0002-8868-1730,
R. Shorkin^430000-0001-8881-3943,
J.D. Shupperd^680009-0006-8218-2566,
R. Silva Coutinho^680000-0002-1545-959X,
G. Simi^32,o0000-0001-6741-6199,
S. Simone^23,g0000-0003-3631-8398,
N. Skidmore^560000-0003-3410-0731,
T. Skwarnicki^680000-0002-9897-9506,
M.W. Slater^530000-0002-2687-1950,
J.C. Smallwood^630000-0003-2460-3327,
E. Smith^640000-0002-9740-0574,
K. Smith^670000-0002-1305-3377,
M. Smith^610000-0002-3872-1917,
A. Snoch^370000-0001-6431-6360,
L. Soares Lavra^580000-0002-2652-123X,
M.D. Sokoloff^650000-0001-6181-4583,
F.J.P. Soler^590000-0002-4893-3729,
A. Solomin^43,540000-0003-0644-3227,
A. Solovev^430000-0002-5355-5996,
I. Solovyev^430000-0003-4254-6012,
R. Song^10000-0002-8854-8905,
Y. Song^490000-0003-0256-4320,
Y. Song^4,b0000-0003-1959-5676,
Y. S.  Song^60000-0003-3471-1751,
F.L. Souza De Almeida^680000-0001-7181-6785,
B. Souza De Paula^30009-0003-3794-3408,
E. Spadaro Norella^28,l0000-0002-1111-5597,
E. Spedicato^240000-0002-4950-6665,
J.G. Speer^190000-0002-6117-7307,
E. Spiridenkov^43,
P. Spradlin^590000-0002-5280-9464,
V. Sriskaran^480000-0002-9867-0453,
F. Stagni^480000-0002-7576-4019,
M. Stahl^480000-0001-8476-8188,
S. Stahl^480000-0002-8243-400X,
S. Stanislaus^630000-0003-1776-0498,
E.N. Stein^480000-0001-5214-8865,
O. Steinkamp^500000-0001-7055-6467,
O. Stenyakin^43,
H. Stevens^190000-0002-9474-9332,
D. Strekalina^430000-0003-3830-4889,
Y. Su^70000-0002-2739-7453,
F. Suljik^630000-0001-6767-7698,
J. Sun^310000-0002-6020-2304,
L. Sun^730000-0002-0034-2567,
Y. Sun^660000-0003-4933-5058,
D. Sundfeld^20000-0002-5147-3698,
W. Sutcliffe^50,
P.N. Swallow^530000-0003-2751-8515,
K. Swientek^390000-0001-6086-4116,
F. Swystun^550009-0006-0672-7771,
A. Szabelski^410000-0002-6604-2938,
T. Szumlak^390000-0002-2562-7163,
Y. Tan^4,b0000-0003-3860-6545,
M.D. Tat^630000-0002-6866-7085,
A. Terentev^430000-0003-2574-8560,
F. Terzuoli^34,u,480000-0002-9717-225X,
F. Teubert^480000-0003-3277-5268,
E. Thomas^480000-0003-0984-7593,
D.J.D. Thompson^530000-0003-1196-5943,
H. Tilquin^610000-0003-4735-2014,
V. Tisserand^110000-0003-4916-0446,
S. T'Jampens^100000-0003-4249-6641,
M. Tobin^5,480000-0002-2047-7020,
L. Tomassetti^25,k0000-0003-4184-1335,
G. Tonani^29,m,480000-0001-7477-1148,
X. Tong^60000-0002-5278-1203,
D. Torres Machado^20000-0001-7030-6468,
L. Toscano^190009-0007-5613-6520,
D.Y. Tou^4,b0000-0002-4732-2408,
C. Trippl^440000-0003-3664-1240,
G. Tuci^210000-0002-0364-5758,
N. Tuning^370000-0003-2611-7840,
L.H. Uecker^210000-0003-3255-9514,
A. Ukleja^390000-0003-0480-4850,
D.J. Unverzagt^210000-0002-1484-2546,
E. Ursov^430000-0002-6519-4526,
A. Usachov^380000-0002-5829-6284,
A. Ustyuzhanin^430000-0001-7865-2357,
U. Uwer^210000-0002-8514-3777,
V. Vagnoni^240000-0003-2206-311X,
V.  Valcarce Cadenas^460009-0006-3241-8964,
G. Valenti^240000-0002-6119-7535,
N. Valls Canudas^480000-0001-8748-8448,
H. Van Hecke^670000-0001-7961-7190,
E. van Herwijnen^610000-0001-8807-8811,
C.B. Van Hulse^46,w0000-0002-5397-6782,
R. Van Laak^490000-0002-7738-6066,
M. van Veghel^370000-0001-6178-6623,
G. Vasquez^500000-0002-3285-7004,
R. Vazquez Gomez^450000-0001-5319-1128,
P. Vazquez Regueiro^460000-0002-0767-9736,
C. Vázquez Sierra^460000-0002-5865-0677,
S. Vecchi^250000-0002-4311-3166,
J.J. Velthuis^540000-0002-4649-3221,
M. Veltri^26,v0000-0001-7917-9661,
A. Venkateswaran^490000-0001-6950-1477,
M. Verdoglia^310009-0006-3864-8365,
M. Vesterinen^560000-0001-7717-2765,
D.  Vico Benet^630009-0009-3494-2825,
P. V.  Vidrier Villalba^45,
M. Vieites Diaz^480000-0002-0944-4340,
X. Vilasis-Cardona^440000-0002-1915-9543,
E. Vilella Figueras^600000-0002-7865-2856,
A. Villa^240000-0002-9392-6157,
P. Vincent^160000-0002-9283-4541,
F.C. Volle^530000-0003-1828-3881,
D. vom Bruch^130000-0001-9905-8031,
N. Voropaev^430000-0002-2100-0726,
K. Vos^780000-0002-4258-4062,
G. Vouters^100009-0008-3292-2209,
C. Vrahas^580000-0001-6104-1496,
J. Wagner^190000-0002-9783-5957,
J. Walsh^340000-0002-7235-6976,
E.J. Walton^1,560000-0001-6759-2504,
G. Wan^60000-0003-0133-1664,
C. Wang^210000-0002-5909-1379,
G. Wang^80000-0001-6041-115X,
J. Wang^60000-0001-7542-3073,
J. Wang^50000-0002-6391-2205,
J. Wang^4,b0000-0002-3281-8136,
J. Wang^730000-0001-6711-4465,
M. Wang^290000-0003-4062-710X,
N. W.  Wang^70000-0002-6915-6607,
R. Wang^540000-0002-2629-4735,
X. Wang^8,
X. Wang^710000-0002-2399-7646,
X. W.  Wang^610000-0001-9565-8312,
Y. Wang^60009-0003-2254-7162,
Z. Wang^140000-0002-5041-7651,
Z. Wang^4,b0000-0003-0597-4878,
Z. Wang^290000-0003-4410-6889,
J.A. Ward^56,10000-0003-4160-9333,
M. Waterlaat^48,
N.K. Watson^530000-0002-8142-4678,
D. Websdale^610000-0002-4113-1539,
Y. Wei^60000-0001-6116-3944,
J. Wendel^800000-0003-0652-721X,
B.D.C. Westhenry^540000-0002-4589-2626,
C. White^550009-0002-6794-9547,
M. Whitehead^590000-0002-2142-3673,
E. Whiter^530009-0003-3902-8123,
A.R. Wiederhold^620000-0002-1023-1086,
D. Wiedner^190000-0002-4149-4137,
G. Wilkinson^630000-0001-5255-0619,
M.K. Wilkinson^650000-0001-6561-2145,
M. Williams^640000-0001-8285-3346,
M.R.J. Williams^580000-0001-5448-4213,
R. Williams^550000-0002-2675-3567,
Z.  Williams^540009-0009-9224-4160,
F.F. Wilson^570000-0002-5552-0842,
M. Winn^12,
W. Wislicki^410000-0001-5765-6308,
M. Witek^400000-0002-8317-385X,
L. Witola^210000-0001-9178-9921,
G. Wormser^140000-0003-4077-6295,
S.A. Wotton^550000-0003-4543-8121,
H. Wu^680000-0002-9337-3476,
J. Wu^80000-0002-4282-0977,
Y. Wu^60000-0003-3192-0486,
Z. Wu^70000-0001-6756-9021,
K. Wyllie^480000-0002-2699-2189,
S. Xian^71,
Z. Xiang^50000-0002-9700-3448,
Y. Xie^80000-0001-5012-4069,
A. Xu^340000-0002-8521-1688,
J. Xu^70000-0001-6950-5865,
L. Xu^4,b0000-0003-2800-1438,
L. Xu^4,b0000-0002-0241-5184,
M. Xu^560000-0001-8885-565X,
Z. Xu^480000-0002-7531-6873,
Z. Xu^70000-0001-9558-1079,
Z. Xu^50000-0001-9602-4901,
D. Yang^40009-0002-2675-4022,
K.  Yang^610000-0001-5146-7311,
S. Yang^70000-0003-2505-0365,
X. Yang^60000-0002-7481-3149,
Y. Yang^28,l0000-0002-8917-2620,
Z. Yang^60000-0003-2937-9782,
Z. Yang^660000-0003-0572-2021,
V. Yeroshenko^140000-0002-8771-0579,
H. Yeung^620000-0001-9869-5290,
H. Yin^80000-0001-6977-8257,
C. Y.  Yu^60000-0002-4393-2567,
J. Yu^700000-0003-1230-3300,
X. Yuan^50000-0003-0468-3083,
Y Yuan^5,70009-0000-6595-7266,
E. Zaffaroni^490000-0003-1714-9218,
M. Zavertyaev^200000-0002-4655-715X,
M. Zdybal^400000-0002-1701-9619,
F. Zenesini^24,i0009-0001-2039-9739,
C.  Zeng^5,70009-0007-8273-2692,
M. Zeng^4,b0000-0001-9717-1751,
C. Zhang^60000-0002-9865-8964,
D. Zhang^80000-0002-8826-9113,
J. Zhang^70000-0001-6010-8556,
L. Zhang^4,b0000-0003-2279-8837,
S. Zhang^700000-0002-9794-4088,
S. Zhang^630000-0002-2385-0767,
Y. Zhang^60000-0002-0157-188X,
Y. Z.  Zhang^4,b0000-0001-6346-8872,
Y. Zhao^210000-0002-8185-3771,
A. Zharkova^430000-0003-1237-4491,
A. Zhelezov^210000-0002-2344-9412,
S. Z.  Zheng^60009-0001-4723-095X,
X. Z.  Zheng^4,b0000-0001-7647-7110,
Y. Zheng^70000-0003-0322-9858,
T. Zhou^60000-0002-3804-9948,
X. Zhou^80009-0005-9485-9477,
Y. Zhou^70000-0003-2035-3391,
V. Zhovkovska^560000-0002-9812-4508,
L. Z.  Zhu^70000-0003-0609-6456,
X. Zhu^4,b0000-0002-9573-4570,
X. Zhu^80000-0002-4485-1478,
V. Zhukov^170000-0003-0159-291X,
J. Zhuo^470000-0002-6227-3368,
Q. Zou^5,70000-0003-0038-5038,
D. Zuliani^32,o0000-0002-1478-4593,
G. Zunica^490000-0002-5972-6290.



^1School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

^2Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

^3Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

^4Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China

^5Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China

^6School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China

^7University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

^8Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

^9Consejo Nacional de Rectores  (CONARE), San Jose, Costa Rica

^10Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France

^11Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France

^12Département de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Gif-Sur-Yvette, France

^13Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France

^14Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France

^15Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France

^16LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France

^17I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

^18Universität Bonn - Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany

^19Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

^20Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany

^21Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

^22School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

^23INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

^24INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

^25INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

^26INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy

^27INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy

^28INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy

^29INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy

^30INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

^31INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy

^32INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy

^33INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

^34INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

^35INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy

^36INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy

^37Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands

^38Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

^39AGH - University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland

^40Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics  Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

^41National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland

^42Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania

^43Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN

^44DS4DS, La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain

^45ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

^46Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

^47Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain

^48European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

^49Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique  Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

^50Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

^51NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine

^52Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine

^53School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

^54H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

^55Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

^56Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

^57STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom

^58School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

^59School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

^60Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

^61Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

^62Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

^63Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

^64Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States

^65University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States

^66University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

^67Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, United States

^68Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States

^69Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, associated to ^3

^70School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha City, China, associated to ^8

^71Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China, associated to ^4

^72Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China, associated to ^5

^73School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, associated to ^4

^74Departamento de Fisica , Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, associated to ^16

^75Ruhr Universitaet Bochum, Fakultaet f. Physik und Astronomie, Bochum, Germany, associated to ^19

^76Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary, associated to ^48

^77Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, associated to ^37

^78Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands, associated to ^37

^79Tadeusz Kosciuszko Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland, associated to ^40

^80Universidade da Coruña, A Coruna, Spain, associated to ^44

^81Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, associated to ^59

^82University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, associated to ^68

^aCentro Federal de Educacão Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

^bCenter for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

^cHangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China

^dSchool of Physics and Electronics, Henan University , Kaifeng, China

^eLIP6, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

^fUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras

^gUniversità di Bari, Bari, Italy

^hUniversità di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy

^iUniversità di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

^jUniversità di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

^kUniversità di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

^lUniversità di Genova, Genova, Italy

^mUniversità degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy

^nUniversità degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

^oUniversità di Padova, Padova, Italy

^pUniversità  di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

^qScuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy

^rUniversità di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

^sUniversità della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy

^tUniversità di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy

^uUniversità di Siena, Siena, Italy

^vUniversità di Urbino, Urbino, Italy

^wUniversidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares , Spain

^xFacultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Madrid, Spain

^yDepartment of Physics/Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden

^†Deceased




