Aristarchus
Aristophanes
['Ernest Rutherford', 'Giotto', 'Platonic', 'Wong Shun Leung', 'Eliezer ben Hyrcanus', 'Nicola Pisano', 'Herbert von Karajan', 'Accursius', 'Mendelssohn', 'Lanfranc', 'Abraham Isaac Kook', 'Kautilya', 'John Blow', 'Husayn', 'Ueshiba Morihei', 'Johanan ben Zakkai', 'Johann Ambrosius Bach', 'Rashi', 'Chanakya', 'Paul Dirac', 'Newell Convers Wyeth', 'Phaedo', 'Epicurus', 'Hermann Lotze', 'Zellig Harris', 'Amilcare Ponchielli', 'Klimt', 'Linnaeus', 'Bernard', 'Schumann', 'Gioachino Rossini', 'Antipater', 'Fra Angelico', 'Sigmund Freud', 'Scriabin', 'Liszt', 'Confucius', 'Camille Pissarro', 'Wolfgang Pauli', 'Ecgbert', 'Webern', 'Max Born', 'Charles De Wailly', 'Frans Hals', 'Vincenzo Galilei', 'Albrecht von Graefe', 'Holst', 'Stilpo', 'Leonard Bernstein', 'Tchaikovsky', 'Michael Haydn', 'Virasena', 'Husayn ibn Ali', 'Gaby Casadesus', 'Callimachus', 'Edmund Husserl', 'Pietro Lombardo', 'Christian Krohg', 'Gustav Leonhardt', 'Schinkel', 'Salieri', 'Masakatsu Funaki', 'Luigi Dallapiccola', 'Toyoharu', 'Robert Schumann', 'Panaetius', 'Giovanni Battista Viotti', 'Franz Brentano', 'Johann Christian Bach', 'Bach', 'Gustav Holst', 'Peter Paul Rubens', 'Bronzino', 'Shostakovich', 'Ahmad ibn Hanbal', 'Mahavira', 'Elijah', 'Jeremiah', 'Messiaen', 'Bede', 'Jorma Panula', 'Andrea del Verrocchio', 'Virchow', 'Dayi Daoxin', 'Luigi Cherubini', 'Titian', 'Aristarchus', 'Rogier van der Weyden', 'Anton Arensky', 'Socrates', 'Arnold Schoenberg', 'Robert Henri', 'Anselm', 'Taddeo Gaddi', 'Ravel', 'Viotti', 'Antisthenes', 'Zelter', 'Aristippus']
Demosthenes
Demosthenes (/dɪˈmɒs.θəniːz/; Greek: Δημοσθένης Dēmosthénēs [dɛːmostʰénɛːs]; 384–322 BC) was a prominent Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide an insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20, in which he argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speech-writer (logographer) and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits. Demosthenes grew interested in politics during his time as a logographer, and in 354 BC he gave his first public political speeches. He went on to devote his most productive years to opposing Macedon's expansion. He idealized his city and strove throughout his life to restore Athens's supremacy and motivate his compatriots against Philip II of Macedon. He sought to preserve his city's freedom and to establish an alliance against Macedon, in an unsuccessful attempt to impede Philip's plans to expand his influence southward by conquering all the Greek states. After Philip's death, Demosthenes played a leading part in his city's uprising against the new King of Macedonia, Alexander the Great. However, his efforts failed and the revolt was met with a harsh Macedonian reaction. To prevent a similar revolt against his own rule, Alexander's successor in this region, Antipater, sent his men to track Demosthenes down. Demosthenes took his own life, in order to avoid being arrested by Archias, Antipater's confidant. The Alexandrian Canon compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace recognized Demosthenes as one of the ten greatest Attic orators and logographers. Longinus likened Demosthenes to a blazing thunderbolt, and argued that he "perfected to the utmost the tone of lofty speech, living passions, copiousness, readiness, speed". Quintilian extolled him as lex orandi ("the standard of oratory"), and Cicero said about him that inter omnis unus excellat ("he stands alone among all the orators"), and he also acclaimed him as "the perfect orator" who lacked nothing.