Robert Ashley
michigan state university
['milan conservatory', 'western reserve university', 'san jose state college', 'electrical engineering', 'southeast missouri state university', 'john carroll university', 'delhi university', 'carnegie institute', 'hitotsubashi university', 'chouinard art institute', 'keio university', 'nijmegen', 'dewitt clinton high school', 'roanoke college', 'clifton college', 'nalanda college colombo', 'yonsei university', 'universidad de chile', 'royal academy schools', 'clark atlanta university', 'kiel', 'simon fraser university', 'seattle university', 'oxford university', 'dartmouth college', 'liverpool university', 'deep springs college', 'heidelberg university', 'turin', 'birkbeck college', 'utrecht university', 'turku', 'universidad complutense', 'ananda college', 'rmit', 'royal agricultural college', 'cambridge university', 'michigan state college', 'haileybury college', 'whittier college', 'alabama', 'united states army war college', 'south florida', 'ugent', 'oulu', 'banaras hindu university', 'loyola university', 'tchaikovsky conservatory', 'kyoto imperial university', 'thomas jefferson university', 'newnham college', 'cranfield university', 'penn state university', 'sylvia young theatre school', 'rostock', 'kalamazoo college', 'chuo university', 'uva', 'old etonian', 'smith college', 'stowe school', 'coimbra', 'eth zurich', 'sarah lawrence', 'texas christian university', 'valladolid', 'indiana university', 'ehess', 'victoria university college', 'belgrade', 'witwatersrand', 'andhra university', 'carleton college', 'shrewsbury school', 'ou', 'bombay university', 'fkc', 'wesleyan university', 'royal military academy sandhurst', 'makerere university', 'louisville', 'celebrity big brother', 'zagreb', 'leiden university', 'delft', 'hku', 'moscow art theatre', 'karachi university', 'cuddesdon college', 'hamline university', 'western michigan university', 'yeshiva university', 'cork', 'universidad de buenos aires', 'st andrews university', 'texas longhorns', 'pitt', 'national theatre school', 'rsamd']
ONCE Group
The ONCE Group was a collection of musicians, visual artists, architects, and film-makers who wished to create an environment in which artists could explore and share techniques and ideas in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The group was responsible for hosting the ONCE Festival of New Music in Ann Arbor, Michigan, between 1961 and 1966. It was founded by Ann Arborites Robert Ashley, George Cacioppo, Gordon Mumma, Roger Reynolds and Donald Scavarda. ONCE’s organizers were five composition students of University of Michigan School of Music composition professor Ross Lee Finney (1906–1997) and visiting professor of composition Roberto Gerhard (1896–1970): Robert Ashley, George Cacioppo, Gordon Mumma, Roger Reynolds, and Donald Scavarda. By 1957, all of these composers were residing in Ann Arbor and were becoming acquainted with each other, if they weren't already. During the years the festival was active, a number of avant-garde composers’ works were performed. Composers represented include: Robert Ashley, Pauline Oliveros, David Behrman, George Cacioppo, George Crevoshay, Donald Scavarda, Roger Reynolds, Gordon Mumma, Bruce Wise, Robert Sheff (a.k.a. 'Blue' Gene Tyranny), and Philip Krumm. The compositions and the performances pushed the limits of expectation and served as a laboratory for the development of new approaches in both acoustic and electronic music.[citation needed] —Roger ReynoldsONCE is a name for a multitude of events that happened in many places and forms throughout the 1960s. What started as the ONCE Festival of Musical Premieres in February and March 1961 turned into the six-year-running ONCE Festival, with many derivatives including the ONCE Group (a theatrical ensemble), ONCE Friends, ONCE AGAIN, and the Ann Arbor Film Festival in Ann Arbor. Other festivals across America and North America, including New Dimensions in Music in Seattle, New Arts Workshop in Tuscan, Bang Bang Bang Festivals in Richmond, and Isaac Gallery Series in Toronto, modeled themselves after ONCE.[citation needed]