Novum Organum
sir francis bacon
['stephen sondheim', 'christina crawford', 'tom eyen', 'john byrne', 'raymond chandler', 'jack kerouac', 'shel silverstein', 'bram stoker', 'john cleland', 'ben silbermann', 'antonio gramsci', 'sir arthur conan doyle', 'hiro mashima', 'ludwig bemelmans', 'kurt vonnegut', 'joseph conrad', 'lin carter', 'julian assange', 'reki kawahara', 'peter lombard', 'ueda akinari', 'jin yong', 'cherith baldry', 'james agee', 'ben travers', 'blue balliett', 'charles schulz', 'copernicus', 'james clavell', 'pablo picasso', 'multatuli', 'robert muchamore', 'isaac babel', 'george borrow', 'lubavitcher rebbe', 'newt gingrich', 'robert louis stevenson', 'livy', 'charles dodgson', 'douglas hofstadter', 'arne garborg', 'george bernard shaw', 'menachem mendel schneerson', 'agatha christie', 'kaoru shintani', 'terry pratchett', 'louis pauwels', 'kiyohiko azuma', 'alfred bester', 'titus maccius plautus', 'carl friedrich philipp von martius', 'james howe', 'diana wynne jones', 'pope pius ix', 'ann bannon', 'islamic prophet', 'kaori yuki', 'howard lindsay', 'guy de maupassant', 'chuck palahniuk', 'fyodor dostoyevsky', 'david almond', 'saki hiwatari', 'gustave flaubert', 'meg cabot', 'paul zindel', 'collin de plancy', 'lancelot andrewes', 'kingsley amis', 'nikolai gogol', 'ben jonson', 'german national library', 'eknath easwaran', 'kelly link', 'mario puzo', 'apple', 'dorothy sayers', 'snorri sturluson', 'michael connelly', 'benjamin disraeli', 'warren ellis', 'sattanar', 'rainer maria rilke', 'pierre choderlos de laclos', 'daisy ashford', 'clare boothe luce', 'pierre culliford', 'masashi kishimoto', 'claudius ptolemy', 'david baldacci', 'john cleese', 'aleksandr pushkin', 'premchand', 'harlan ellison', 'david mamet', 'anthony horowitz', 'thomas carlyle', 'stephen crane', 'leslie charteris']
Novum Organum
The Novum Organum, full original title Novum Organum Scientiarum (‘new instrument of science’), is a philosophical work by Francis Bacon, written in Latin and published in 1620. The title is a reference to Aristotle's work Organon, which was his treatise on logic and syllogism. In Novum Organum, Bacon details a new system of logic he believes to be superior to the old ways of syllogism. This is now known as the Baconian method. For Bacon, finding the essence of a thing was a simple process of reduction, and the use of inductive reasoning. In finding the cause of a ‘phenomenal nature’ such as heat, one must list all of the situations where heat is found. Then another list should be drawn up, listing situations that are similar to those of the first list except for the lack of heat. A third table lists situations where heat can vary. The ‘form nature’, or cause, of heat must be that which is common to all instances in the first table, is lacking from all instances of the second table and varies by degree in instances of the third table. The title page of Novum Organum depicts a galleon passing between the mythical Pillars of Hercules that stand either side of the Strait of Gibraltar, marking the exit from the well-charted waters of the Mediterranean into the Atlantic Ocean. The Pillars, as the boundary of the Mediterranean, have been smashed through opening a new world for exploration. Bacon hopes that empirical investigation will, similarly, smash the old scientific ideas and lead to greater understanding of the world and heavens. The Latin tag across the bottom – Multi pertransibunt & augebitur scientia – is taken from Daniel 12:4. It means: "Many will travel and knowledge will be increased".