NIH
NICHD
['dreyfus', 'cassidian', 'volkswagen passenger cars', 'scandinavian airlines system', 'moscow', 'cadbury plc', 'givenchy', 'bbc symphony orchestra', 'db fernverkehr', 'pacific blue airlines', 'turner broadcasting system', 'fox news channel', 'cartoon network', 'finnlines', 'saipem', 'volkswagen commercial vehicles', 'namco', 'boeing', 'ziggo', 'lg electronics', 'nabisco', 'novell', 'rubbermaid', 'sky uk limited', 'cosmote', 'atco records', 'corus group', 'amstrad', 'convair', 'gucci', 'business objects', 'linear', 'lloyds tsb', 'lucasfilm', 'on2 technologies', 'burlington northern santa fe corporation', 'jal express', 'eurocopter group', 'sd', 'midamerican energy holdings company', 'dassault aviation', 'bbc philharmonic', 'wmg', 'national westminster bank', 'millercoors', 'mtv films', 'jetstar', 'universal republic', 'nokia networks', 'mini', 'motorola mobility', 'square enix europe', 'harris manchester college', 'sicherheitsdienst', 'texaco', 'mtv', 'bell laboratories', 'gm korea', 'sony pictures', 'jetconnect', 'bbc radio', 'voicestream wireless', 'chartered industries', 'hsbc bank middle east', 'ontario liberal', 'harvard business school', 'disney theme park', 'hino', 'hbs', 'walt disney', 'bmi', 'thomson airways', 'disneytoon studios', 'berkshire hathaway energy', 'loblaw companies limited', 'lotus software', 'general foods', 'yakovlev design bureau', 'sab', 'trenitalia', 'doubleclick', 'borland', 'national broadcasting company', 'hongkong bank', 'telus', 'gazprom neft', 'vulcan foundry', 'africa', 'csx transportation', 'emi records', 'unicef', 'ftse group', 'cinemax', 'popcap', 'kenworth', 'boko haram', 'mcdonnell douglas corporation', 'bath iron works', 'chapel hill']
Hyperandrogenism
Hyperandrogenism, or androgen excess, is a medical condition characterized by excessive levels of androgens in the body and the associated effects of these excessive levels of androgens. Hyperandrogenism is one of the primary symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In such cases, it presents with symptoms such as acne and seborrhea, is frequent in adolescent girls and is often associated with irregular menstrual cycles. In most instances, these symptoms are transient and reflect only the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis during the first years following menarche. Approximately three-quarters of patients with PCOS (by the diagnostic criteria of NIH/NICHD 1990) have evidence of hyperandrogenism, with free testosterone being the single most predictive marker with ~60% of patients demonstrating supranormal levels. Hyperandrogenism can also be the result of excessive production of adrenal or gonadal androgens by adrenal adenomas, carcinomas, or hyperplasia, Leydig cell tumors in men, and arrhenoblastomas in women.:501–2 In women, signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism frequently include acne, scalp hair loss (androgenic alopecia), excessive facial and body hair (hirsutism), atypically high libido, breast atrophy, and others. Collectively, these symptoms are described as virilization. Management of hyperandrogenism symptoms like androgenic alopecia, include the use of antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, and flutamide.