Earl Kim
Schoenberg
['Abraham Isaac Kook', 'Brentano', 'Fra Angelico', 'Socrates', 'Gustav Klimt', 'Robert Casadesus', 'Joseph Lister', 'Bertrand Russell', 'Linnaeus', 'Toyoharu', 'Jules Massenet', 'Peter Paul Rubens', 'Karl Weierstrass', 'Saint Boniface', 'Baal Shem Tov', 'Johann Ambrosius Bach', 'Accursius', 'Chanakya', 'Anaximander', 'Girolamo Frescobaldi', 'Aristophanes', 'Yoda', 'Salieri', 'Parmenides', 'Albrecht von Graefe', 'Philo', 'Balanchine', 'Ingres', 'Taddeo Gaddi', 'Rabbi Eliezer', 'Amilcare Ponchielli', 'Muhammad', 'Viotti', 'Ludwig van Beethoven', 'Johann Pachelbel', 'Olivier Messiaen', 'Antisthenes', 'Charles Wesley', 'Cimabue', 'Charles Gounod', 'Mahavira', 'Klimt', 'Phaedo', 'Gustave Moreau', 'Jacopo', 'Franz Brentano', 'Louis Althusser', 'Allauddin Khan', 'Platonic', 'Guarino da Verona', 'Alphonse Hasselmans', 'Nadia Boulanger', 'Giulio Romano', 'Anne Sullivan', 'Paul Taffanel', 'Bernard', 'Yip Man', 'Holst', 'John Blow', 'Abdus Salam', 'Chassam Sofer', 'Galileo', 'Lanfranc', 'Charles Villiers Stanford', 'Marsilio Ficino', 'Giovanni Bellini', 'Ruisdael', 'Rashi', 'Bronzino', 'Morihei Ueshiba', 'Titian', 'Saverio Mercadante', 'Michael Haydn', 'Wolfgang Pauli', 'Thales', 'Edmund Husserl', 'Wong Shun Leung', 'Bruch', 'Paul Dukas', 'Callimachus', 'Husayn ibn Ali', 'Heinrich Schenker', 'Gioachino Rossini', 'Messiaen', 'Anton Rubinstein', 'Plato', 'Gustav Leonhardt', 'Akiva ben Joseph', 'Sigmund Freud', 'Tchaikovsky', 'Proclus', 'Jacob van Ruisdael', 'Clementi', 'prophet Jeremiah', 'Bede', 'Zellig Harris', 'Abraham Van Helsing', 'Eliezer ben Hyrcanus', 'Ellen Terry']
Arnold Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg ([ˈaːʁnɔlt ˈʃøːnbɛʁk]; 13 September 1874 – 13 July 1951) was an Austrian composer and painter. He was associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. With the rise of the Nazi Party, by 1938 Schoenberg's works were labelled as degenerate music because he was Jewish (); he moved to the United States in 1934. Schoenberg's approach, both in terms of harmony and development, has been one of the most influential of 20th-century musical thought. Many European and American composers from at least three generations have consciously extended his thinking, whereas others have passionately reacted against it. Schoenberg was known early in his career for simultaneously extending the traditionally opposed German Romantic styles of Brahms and Wagner. Later, his name would come to personify innovations in atonality (although Schoenberg himself detested that term) that would become the most polemical feature of 20th-century art music. In the 1920s, Schoenberg developed the twelve-tone technique, an influential compositional method of manipulating an ordered series of all twelve notes in the chromatic scale. He also coined the term developing variation and was the first modern composer to embrace ways of developing motifs without resorting to the dominance of a centralized melodic idea. Schoenberg was also a painter, an important music theorist, and an influential teacher of composition; his students included Alban Berg, Anton Webern, Hanns Eisler, Egon Wellesz, and later John Cage, Lou Harrison, Earl Kim, Leon Kirchner, and other prominent musicians. Many of Schoenberg's practices, including the formalization of compositional method and his habit of openly inviting audiences to think analytically, are echoed in avant-garde musical thought throughout the 20th century. His often polemical views of music history and aesthetics were crucial to many significant 20th-century musicologists and critics, including Theodor W. Adorno, Charles Rosen and Carl Dahlhaus, as well as the pianists Artur Schnabel, Rudolf Serkin, Eduard Steuermann and Glenn Gould. Schoenberg's archival legacy is collected at the Arnold Schönberg Center in Vienna.