Madras State
26 January 1950
['18 february 1995', '18 march 1932', '5 november 2012', '24 october 1997', '31 december 1998', '18 september 1999', '16 march 1911', '27 february 1976', '26 october 2014', '2 june 2014', '1 march 2013', '4 november 2001', '22 september 1945', '18 july 1946', '10 may 1974', '1 january 2009', '18 october 1929', '26 january 2010', '1 march 1932', '18 august 2010', '26 june 2010', '1 january 1960', '15 february 1990', '16 march 1932', '1 october 1949', '1 september 1926', '1 july 1968', '9 october 1984', '19 november 1981', '24 june 1968', '12 september 2012', '15 march 1991', '5 october 1995', '24 october 1945', '10 december 1980', '20 may 1936', '12 june 1962', '10 november 1946', '14 may 2005', '5 october 1910', '1 july 2011', '16 august 1936', '23 may 1949', '14 december 2013', '29 march 2004', '1 january 2005', '7 october 1970', '22 march 1949', '1 january 1990', '7 april 1948', '1 january 1968', '1 january 1902', '27 september 1967', '30 november 1999', '8 may 1989', '8 june 1923', '1 december 2001', '28 november 2012', '4 october 1985', '27 september 2004', '1 april 2008', '29 may 2007', '30 january 1952', '22 may 2014', '21 may 1855', '27 april 2013', '1 february 2007', '1 april 2010', '22 september 1989', '15 september 1989', '4 october 2009', '28 december 1934', '6 december 1922', '9 september 1980', '1 january 2008', '19 april 1960', '15 may 1946', '14 november 1994', '1 january 1987', '1 january 1948', '7 december 2007', '5 april 1925', '1 april 1974', '5 april 2009', '30 december 1922', '14 may 1948', '1 january 1963', '3 september 1974', '4 april 1949', '16 august 1946', '1 january 1981', '19 january 2011', '8 february 1918', '12 july 1979', '20 july 1924', '1 january 1997', '7 november 1981', '27 may 1967', '1 january 1966']
Madras Presidency
The Madras Presidency, officially the Presidency of Fort St. George and also known as Madras Province, was an administrative subdivision (presidency) of British India. At its greatest extent, the presidency included most of southern India, including the whole of the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh and parts of Odisha, Kerala, Karnataka, Telangana, and the union territory of Lakshadweep. The city of Madras was the winter capital of the Presidency and Ootacamund or Ooty, the summer capital. The island of Ceylon was a part of Madras Presidency from 1793 to 1798 when it was created a Crown colony. In 1639, the English East India Company purchased the village of Madraspatnam and one year later it established the Agency of Fort St George, precursor of the Madras Presidency, although there had been Company factories at Machilipatnam and Armagon since the very early 1600s. The agency was upgraded to a Presidency in 1652 before once more reverting to its previous status in 1655. In 1684, it was re-elevated to a Presidency and Elihu Yale was appointed as president. In 1785, under the provisions of Pitt's India Act, Madras became one of three provinces established by the East India Company. Thereafter, the head of the area was styled "Governor" rather than "President" and became subordinate to the Governor-General in Calcutta, a title that would persist until 1947. Judicial, legislative and executive powers rested with the Governor who was assisted by a Council whose constitution was modified by reforms enacted in 1861, 1909, 1919 and 1935. Regular elections were conducted in Madras up to the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. By 1908, the province comprised twenty-two districts, each under a District Collector, and it was further sub-divided into taluks and firqas with villages making up the smallest unit of administration. Following the Montague-Chelmsford reforms of 1919, Madras was the first province of British India to implement a system of dyarchy, and thereafter its Governor ruled alongside a prime minister. In the early decades of the 20th century, many significant contributors to the Indian independence movement came from Madras. With the advent of Indian independence on 15 August 1947, the Presidency was dissolved. Madras was later admitted as Madras State, a state of the Indian Union at the inauguration of the Republic of India on 26 January 1950, and was reorganised in 1956.