Charles Edward Stuart
Maria Klementyna Sobieska
['qutlugh nigar khanum', 'samantha eggar', 'maria josepha', 'khadijah', 'loretta young', 'gwenllian', 'gloria vanderbilt', 'empress dowager wu', 'cleopatra v', 'servilia', 'marjorie bruce', 'lucille ball', 'jennifer schwalbach smith', 'tarabai', 'nyx', 'ereshkigal', 'cleopatra', 'queen margherita', 'nargis dutt', 'lillian lux', 'diane ladd', 'ranavalona i', 'parvathi', 'gorgophone', 'queen elizabeth the queen mother', 'jane wyman', 'argiope', 'sharmila tagore', 'katherine jackson', 'sacagawea', 'athaliah', 'fatimah zahra', 'margaret sambiria', 'neetu singh', 'zenobia', 'elizabeth stuart', 'julia lennon', 'catherine deneuve', 'mrinalini sarabhai', 'leto', 'susannah wedgwood', 'emma darwin', 'marge', 'cleofa malatesta', 'eudoxia lopukhina', 'ermengarde', 'athina livanos', 'sajida talfah', 'poonam', 'colleen dewhurst', 'suriyothai', 'hannah chaplin', 'kirsten munk', 'corazon aquino', 'dowager empress maria feodorovna', 'saovabha', 'herodias', 'linda christian', 'katherine swynford', 'jocasta', 'julissa', 'cecilia young', 'martha bernays', 'barbara kelly', 'empress wu', 'mutemwiya', 'gladys mills phipps', 'natalia naryshkina', 'octavia minor', 'cleopatra vii', 'ntfombi tfwala', 'semele', 'christie brinkley', 'isabelle huppert', 'caterina visconti', 'gerberga', 'ambalika', 'stratonice', 'hayley mills', 'nargis', 'subhadra', 'queen savang vadhana', 'klytaemnestra', 'antonia tryphaena', 'janet leigh', 'mother maybelle carter', 'queen wilhelmina', 'rose thompson hovick', 'xanthippe', 'euryphaessa', 'queen charlotte amalie', 'jiang yuan', 'baladine klossowska', 'ingeborg', 'queen eleanor', 'katarina', 'margaret tudor', 'consort xiao', 'tyti']
Monument to the Royal Stuarts
The Monument to the Royal Stuarts is a memorial in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City State, the papal enclave surrounded by Rome, Italy. It commemorates the last three members of the Royal House of Stuart: James Francis Edward Stuart, his elder son Charles Edward Stuart, and his younger son, Henry Benedict Stuart. The Jacobites recognised these three princes as kings of England, Scotland and Ireland. The marble monument is by Antonio Canova, the most celebrated Italian sculptor of his day. It is in the form of a truncated obelisk. It carries bas relief profile portraits of the three exiled princes, and the following inscription: (To James III, son of King James II of Great Britain, to Charles Edward and to Henry, Dean of the Cardinal Fathers, sons of James III, the last of the Royal House of Stuart. 1819) Below the inscription are two weeping angels, symbolising the lost hopes of the exiled Stuarts. The monument to the Royal Stuarts was originally commissioned by Monsignor Angelo Cesarini, executor of the estate of Henry Benedict Stuart. Among the subscribers, curiously, was King George IV, who (once the Jacobite threat to his throne had ended with the death of Cardinal Stuart in 1807) was an admirer of the Stuart legend. The monument stands towards the back of the basilica in the left aisle opposite the door from which people coming down the spiral staircase from the dome and roof exit. It is frequently adorned with flowers by Jacobite romantics. The monument is not a tomb. The three Stuarts are buried in the crypt below the basilica. James Francis Edward Stuart was buried here at his death in 1766. When Charles Edward Stuart died in 1788, he was buried in the Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter Apostle in Frascati. When his brother Henry Benedict Stuart died in 1807, both brothers were laid to rest next to their father in the crypt of St. Peter's. Three separate tombstones were erected on the site. Until 1938 the bodies of the three Stuarts were buried where the tomb of Pius XI now stands. In that year the bodies were moved slightly further east on the left side of the crypt, to make room for Pius's tomb. In 1939 a single sarcophagus was erected over the three graves. On top of the sarcophagus is a bronze pillow on which is placed a bronze crown. On the front of the sarcophagus is the same inscription quoted above. Opposite the monument to the Royal Stuarts in St. Peter's Basilica is a monument to Maria Klementyna Sobieska, wife of James Francis Edward Stuart and mother of Charles Edward Stuart and Henry Benedict Stuart. Its inscription reads: ("Maria Clementina, Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland"). The reference to France is a relic of the Plantagenet claim to the French throne, see English Kings of France. Queen Christina of Sweden, the only monarch with a memorial in the church, also lies entombed in the crypt below the basilica, with the Royal Stuarts. She abdicated her throne in 1654 to convert to Catholicism.