Leon Kirchner
Schoenberg
['Carl Friedrich Zelter', 'Webern', 'Fra Angelico', 'Moses', 'Albertus Magnus', 'Alphonse Hasselmans', 'Ecgbert', 'Bernard', 'Giulio Caccini', 'Nicola Porpora', 'Ottorino Respighi', 'Kundakunda', 'Herbert von Karajan', 'Gustav Leonhardt', 'Althusser', 'Syrianus', 'Charles Wesley', 'Confucian', 'Girolamo Frescobaldi', 'Carl Orff', 'Gustave Moreau', 'Yochanan ben Zakai', 'Ernst Krenek', 'Franz Schreker', 'Abraham Bloemaert', 'Euclid', 'Robert Henri', 'Giulio Romano', 'Holst', 'Domenico Ghirlandaio', 'Jacopo', 'Jorma Panula', 'Isocrates', 'Chuck Norris', 'Tchaikovsky', 'Paul Dirac', 'Haydn', 'Carneades', 'Anaximander', 'Heidegger', 'Stilpo', 'Uta Hagen', 'Bernoulli', 'Abraham Isaac Kook', 'Wolfgang Pauli', 'Giovanni Salvatore', 'Muhammad', 'Ernest Rutherford', 'Andrea del Sarto', 'Karl Popper', 'Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg', 'Ecgberht', 'Edmund Husserl', 'Baal Shem Tov', 'Friedrich Wieck', 'Michael Faraday', 'Abdus Salam', 'Mozart', 'Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck', 'Ruisdael', 'Klimt', 'Andrea del Verrocchio', 'Vaughan Williams', 'Marsilio Ficino', 'Cimabue', 'Baruch', 'Guarino da Verona', 'Shostakovich', 'Heinrich Schenker', 'Galileo Galilei', 'Carlos Gracie', 'Aristotle', 'prophet Jeremiah', 'Yvonne Loriod', 'Adrian Willaert', 'Luigi Cherubini', 'Giovanni Bellini', 'Morihei Ueshiba', 'Leonardo da Vinci', 'Phaedo', 'Jules Massenet', 'Eliezer ben Hyrcanus', 'Olivier Messiaen', 'Paul Hindemith', 'Anne Sullivan', 'Kautilya', 'Johann Sebastian Bach', 'Luigi Dallapiccola', 'Albrecht von Graefe', 'Johann Pachelbel', 'Amilcare Ponchielli', 'Aristarchus', 'Philo', 'George Balanchine', 'Jacques Dubois', 'Bach', 'Lorenzo Ghiberti', 'Taddeo Gaddi', 'Zeno']
Arnold Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg ([ˈaːʁnɔlt ˈʃøːnbɛʁk]; 13 September 1874 – 13 July 1951) was an Austrian composer and painter. He was associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. With the rise of the Nazi Party, by 1938 Schoenberg's works were labelled as degenerate music because he was Jewish (); he moved to the United States in 1934. Schoenberg's approach, both in terms of harmony and development, has been one of the most influential of 20th-century musical thought. Many European and American composers from at least three generations have consciously extended his thinking, whereas others have passionately reacted against it. Schoenberg was known early in his career for simultaneously extending the traditionally opposed German Romantic styles of Brahms and Wagner. Later, his name would come to personify innovations in atonality (although Schoenberg himself detested that term) that would become the most polemical feature of 20th-century art music. In the 1920s, Schoenberg developed the twelve-tone technique, an influential compositional method of manipulating an ordered series of all twelve notes in the chromatic scale. He also coined the term developing variation and was the first modern composer to embrace ways of developing motifs without resorting to the dominance of a centralized melodic idea. Schoenberg was also a painter, an important music theorist, and an influential teacher of composition; his students included Alban Berg, Anton Webern, Hanns Eisler, Egon Wellesz, and later John Cage, Lou Harrison, Earl Kim, Leon Kirchner, and other prominent musicians. Many of Schoenberg's practices, including the formalization of compositional method and his habit of openly inviting audiences to think analytically, are echoed in avant-garde musical thought throughout the 20th century. His often polemical views of music history and aesthetics were crucial to many significant 20th-century musicologists and critics, including Theodor W. Adorno, Charles Rosen and Carl Dahlhaus, as well as the pianists Artur Schnabel, Rudolf Serkin, Eduard Steuermann and Glenn Gould. Schoenberg's archival legacy is collected at the Arnold Schönberg Center in Vienna.