Summa contra Gentiles
st thomas aquinas
['valerie solanas', 'nathanael west', 'trenton lee stewart', 'kjartan poskitt', 'lemony snicket', 'shel silverstein', 'bill finger', 'kate grenville', 'carlo collodi', 'bill griffith', 'andrew lloyd webber', 'max bunker', 'garth nix', 'anna sewell', 'mencken', 'evan hunter', 'apple', 'albert uderzo', 'andrew clements', 'wagnerian', 'franklin roosevelt', 'schumann', 'sam lake', 'pelevin', 'mommsen', 'brian jacques', 'william march', 'jill murphy', 'christos tsiolkas', 'lutheran', 'charlaine harris', 'mantreswara', 'laura ingalls wilder', 'pope boniface viii', 'uthman ibn affan', 'douglas preston', 'angie sage', 'john cleland', 'rainer maria rilke', 'george eliot', 'edmund spenser', 'james howe', 'leonardo da vinci', 'publius flavius vegetius renatus', 'doug wright', 'xiao tong', 'michael swanwick', 'strugatsky brothers', 'georges perec', 'art spiegelman', 'russian president', 'john horton conway', 'james dashner', 'tove jansson', 'jo swerling', 'david walliams', 'hiro mashima', 'alfred uhry', 'nora roberts', 'jacqueline wilson', 'jonathan littell', 'nanae chrono', 'katherine roberts', 'lancelot andrewes', 'jan potocki', 'friedrich nietzsche', 'orhan pamuk', 'vergil', 'scott adams', 'elias ashmole', 'lucan', 'euripides', 'johann david wyss', 'carl alexander clerck', 'tom eyen', 'stephen sondheim', 'henry watson fowler', 'constantine porphyrogenitus', 'kate novak', 'olaf stapledon', 'roald dahl', 'chris van allsburg', 'president roosevelt', 'noam chomsky', 'paul dirac', 'max beerbohm', 'harlan ellison', 'ignazio silone', 'kim stanley robinson', 'michael arrington', 'chetan bhagat', 'billie holiday', 'conor mcpherson', 'alberto moravia', 'veronica roth', 'gorky', 'nimzowitsch', 'brian azzarello', 'william aiton']
1260s
The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269. In Asia, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the supreme leader of the Mongol Empire, although his title was only partially recognized. After defeating his younger brother Ariq Böke, he moved his capital to Beijing; while he fought the southern Chinese Song Dynasty, the empire saw its first significant military defeats — first in Palestine at the hands of the Mamluks of Egypt, and later in the Caucasus. The Mamluks, led by their new sultan Baibars, quickly became a regional power in the Middle East by capturing a number of crusader states and repulsing Mongol attacks. The Empire of Nicaea succeeded in capturing Constantinople and the rest of the Latin Empire, thus re-establishing the Byzantine Empire. In Europe, political strife and territorial disputes led to widespread warfare around the continent. England witnessed the Second Barons' War, a civil war fought over the aristocracy's disillusionment with King Henry III's attempts to maintain an absolute monarchy. The pope of the Catholic Church, aligned against the Hohenstaufen dynasty of the Holy Roman Emperor, succeeded in eliminating the line when the last male heir, Conradin, was killed by papal ally Charles I of Sicily, a Frenchman. Meanwhile, King Otakar II of Bohemia became the most powerful prince in Europe, expanding his territories through both warfare and inheritance. In other developments, both Iceland and Greenland accepted the overlordship of Norway, but Scotland was able to repulse a Norse invasion and broker a favorable peace settlement. In Spain, the Reconquista continued as several important cities were recaptured from the Moors. Political reforms were instituted in the election procedures of the pope and the doges of Venice, and the parliaments of Ireland and England met for the first time. Several important cultural achievements were made in the decade, including publication of Roger Bacon's important scientific work Opus Majus and Thomas Aquinas' Summa contra Gentiles. Masterpieces of architecture and sculpture were completed at cathedrals around Europe, including the Cathedral of Chartres and Nicola Pisano's pulpits for the Duomo di Siena and Pisa's Baptistery. In religion, the Sukhothai kingdom in Thailand adopted Buddhism as its official religion. In Europe anti-Semitism intensified, as several authorities promulgated laws requiring Jews to wear identifying yellow badges, Jews were massacred in England, and the Talmud was attacked and censored by the Catholic Church.