dandy horse
karl drais
['charles darwin', 'bartolomeo cristofori', 'ernest johnson', 'henri lebesgue', 'gerry anderson', 'vapnik', 'paolo maffei', 'roger penrose', 'christopher cockerell', 'alonzo church', 'gotthold ephraim lessing', 'nikola tesla', 'james watt', 'bickley', 'michael faraday', 'toshimasa furuta', 'carl wirtanen', 'icao', 'dmitri mendeleev', 'birmingham university', 'robert luther', 'ingrid', 'gause', 'vint cerf', 'harold urey', 'mike brown', 'claude chappe', 'eleanor helin', 'kin endate', 'edward said', 'gustav rose', 'hyperloop', 'chad trujillo', 'ernest hemingway', 'sequoyah', 'humphry davy', 'niels henrik abel', 'cornelis johannes van houten', 'annibale de gasparis', 'john grinder', 'nanking', 'franz anton mesmer', 'carl auer von welsbach', 'cavendish', 'albert einstein', 'carl wilhelm scheele', 'fabian gottlieb von bellingshausen', 'hermann goldschmidt', 'tsutomu seki', 'lyudmila chernykh', 'mikhail lazarev', 'seymour papert', 'silas weir mitchell', 'edward bowell', 'christopher latham sholes', 'babbage', 'sergey belyavsky', 'alexander grothendieck', 'louis boyer', 'donald knuth', 'noam chomsky', 'auguste charlois', 'charles messier', 'james bradley', 'ptolemy', 'ernst mayr', 'james dunlop', 'sylvain arend', 'kant', 'ephraim shay', 'august derleth', 'stallman', 'niels bohr', 'tom gehrels', 'clyde tombaugh', 'henry holt', 'sir winston churchill', 'nikolai stepanovich chernykh', 'microsoft', 'nicolas bourriaud', 'max wolf', 'kazuro watanabe', 'sir alexander fleming', 'brouwer', 'johan gadolin', 'linear', 'george maciunas', 'malcolm mackerras', 'julian huxley', 'speke', 'ernest rutherford', 'werner heisenberg', 'purple mountain observatory', 'carolyn shoemaker', 'oak ridge observatory', 'christopher alexander', 'tycho', 'edwin hubble', 'heinrich ruhmkorff']
Dandy horse
The dandy horse is a human-powered vehicle that, being the first means of transport to make use of the two-wheeler principle, is regarded as the archetype of the bicycle. The dandy horse was invented by Baron Karl Drais in Mannheim, Germany, and patented in France in February 1818 (Badenian privilege in January 1818). It is also known as a Laufmaschine (Drais' own terminology, German for "running machine"), the official designation velocipede, or draisine (a term now used primarily for light auxiliary railcars regardless of their form of propulsion), and in its French form draisienne. The dandy-horse was a two-wheeled vehicle, with both wheels in-line, propelled by the rider pushing along the ground with the feet as in regular walking or running. The front wheel and handlebar assembly was hinged to allow steering. Several manufacturers in France and England made their own dandy-horses during its brief popularity in the summer of 1819—most notably Denis Johnson of London, who used an elegantly curved wooden frame which allowed the use of larger wheels. Riders preferred to operate their vehicles on the smooth sidewalks instead of the rough roads, but their interactions with pedestrians caused many municipalities worldwide to enact laws prohibiting their use. Later designs avoided the initial drawback of this device when it had to be made to measure, manufactured to conform with the height and the stride of its rider. An example is Nicéphore Niépce's 1818 velocipede with an adjustable saddle for his 'velocipede' built by Lagrange. However, in the 1860s in France, the vélocipède bicycle was created by attaching rotary cranks and pedals to the front-wheel hub of a dandy-horse.