Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
30 April 1918
['7 december 2007', '4 october 2009', '12 october 1919', '5 may 1923', '1 january 2015', '15 february 1990', '27 february 1976', '26 march 1971', '1 february 2007', '15 may 1934', '30 december 1922', '18 december 1992', '8 november 2003', '1 august 1927', '2 april 1982', '1 january 1981', '8 august 1967', '2 december 1995', '10 april 2010', '1 june 1866', '7 november 1981', '1 january 1992', '13 september 2008', '3 september 1974', '20 july 1924', '3 march 2012', '16 march 2002', '18 july 1946', '24 august 1995', '20 april 1964', '28 august 1918', '1 january 1942', '9 october 1984', '1 january 1870', '1 april 2015', '22 july 1956', '23 may 2001', '7 february 1915', '15 may 1946', '1 october 2005', '1 january 2014', '12 september 2005', '19 march 2014', '7 october 2013', '2 july 1926', '13 march 1912', '21 june 1983', '21 march 1944', '5 november 1951', '1 march 1932', '18 january 1919', '10 february 1931', '1 july 1999', '11 june 2015', '6 june 2006', '1 april 2013', '27 october 1942', '1 july 2015', '12 february 1945', '5 april 2009', '26 january 1959', '14 december 1921', '25 september 2010', '1 october 1950', '27 may 1967', '1 january 1965', '26 october 1952', '22 september 2000', '31 december 1998', '24 january 2009', '11 august 1947', '6 august 1945', '26 may 2006', '1 january 1995', '4 april 1949', '1 january 2001', '30 january 1952', '10 april 1913', '6 december 1926', '23 august 1989', '25 september 2012', '7 april 1948', '7 december 2013', '22 march 1949', '2 october 1972', '26 october 1905', '7 october 1933', '1 october 1927', '1 january 1960', '20 may 1936', '13 april 1958', '2 june 2014', '30 september 1986', '8 december 1991', '21 december 1985', '2 september 1990', '28 november 1912', '19 july 1963', '12 july 2007']
Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (initially, the Turkestan Socialist Federative Republic; 30 April 1918 – 27 October 1924) was an autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic located in Soviet Central Asia. During the Russian Empire, the Turkestan ASSR's territory was governed as Turkestan Krai, the Emirate of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Khiva. From 1905, Pan-Turkist ideologues like Ismail Gasprinski aimed to suppress differences among the peoples who spoke Turkic languages, uniting them into one government. This idea was supported by Vladimir Lenin, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks in Tashkent created the Turkestan ASSR. But in February 1918, the Islamic Council (Uzbek: Shuroi Islamia) and the Council of Intelligentsia (Uzb. Shuroi Ulammo) met in Kokand city and declared a rival Turkestan Autonomous Republic, battling Bolshevik forces until the 1920s. Meanwhile, a power struggle among the Communists ensued between those favoring a Pan-Turkist government like Turar Ryskulov and Tursun Khojaev, and those in favor of dividing Soviet Turkestan into smaller ethnic or regional units, such as Fayzulla Khodzhayev and Akmal Ikramov. The latter group won, as national delimitation in Central Asia began in 1924. Upon dissolution, the Turkestan ASSR was split into Turkmen SSR (now Turkmenistan), Uzbek SSR (now Uzbekistan) with the Tajik ASSR (now Tajikistan), Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast (now Kyrgyzstan), and Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast (now Karakalpakstan).