{"content":[{"text":"with two spurs. Spiracles are triangular. Male is without ventral plates, but small \n chitinous plaques may be present close to the festoons. Anal groove surrounds the anus \n posteriorly. They are usually ornate, so the Amblyomma ticks are frequently called the \n bont ticks. Bont is the African word referring to the presence of brightly colored patterns \n on their backs and their brown and white-banded legs (Barnard, 1984; Solomon and \n Kaaya, 1998). \n Two diﬀerent types of A. cohaerens have been observed in Ethiopia. A larger type \n believed to be associated to wild hosts, particularly African Buﬀalo and a smaller one \n from cattle. My collection showed only the second type. Previous records from the \n western zone, A. cohaerens have been found between 1200-1800 mm rainfall in both \n rainfall types. It was collected from areas of broad-leaved forest (Pegram et al., 1981).","bbox":{"left":0.067424,"top":0.053858,"width":0.796787,"height":0.216293}},{"text":"In the present survey, Amblyomma cohaerens was recorded from all altitude zones but \n it predominated between 1600-2400m. It was recorded between 800 and over 2600 mm \n rainfall although it was absent from the rainfall zone between 1000-1200 mm, probably \n due to chance. This observation support previous ﬁndings that A. cohaerens is the most \n abundant tick in Jimma zone (Abebaw, 1996; Pegram et al., 1981; Castro, 1994).","bbox":{"left":0.067422,"top":0.282158,"width":0.79681,"height":0.09568900000000002}},{"text":"Seasonality: In those localities with rainfall most of the year, A. cohaerens females were \n mostly collected between January and September before and during the rainfall peak \n and less collected between October and December after the rainfall peak. Nymphs were \n mostly collected between January and April just before the rainfall peak and were less \n common between June and during the rains. Larvae were most between March and April \n before the rains. In localities with summer rains none of the instars showed a trend in \n regard to abundance of collections (Punyua et al., 1991; Castro, 1994).","bbox":{"left":0.067422,"top":0.389854,"width":0.796532,"height":0.13582200000000005}},{"text":"2","bbox":{"left":0.067424,"top":0.545651,"width":0.011742000000000002,"height":0.015522000000000036}},{"text":"Materials and Methods","bbox":{"left":0.102854,"top":0.545651,"width":0.22709800000000002,"height":0.015522000000000036}},{"text":"The study was carried out in ﬁve localities of Jimma zone (Jiren, Bore, Blida, Merewa \n and Jimma University, College of Agriculture dairy farm). These areas were selected \n on the basis of location, altitude and cattle population. The collection have been \n done from ﬁfty cattle thirty ﬁve indigenous zebu and ﬁfteen Zebu crosses with Friesian \n having diﬀerent blood level from ten to thirty six months of age representing diﬀerent \n management systems, sex and weight groups. These cattle have been selected from \n herds of the study area based on an initial tick count. Ten cattle from each locality with \n high infestation in the initial tick count were selected and ear tagged.","bbox":{"left":0.067424,"top":0.57459,"width":0.796573,"height":0.15578899999999996}},{"text":"The selected cattle were hand sprayed with Norotraz 12.5% (from Norbrook Laboratory \n Limited, Newry, North Ireland) to standardize tick burdens at the beginning and then \n left in their respective herd for a month until sampling commences. Monthly whole \n bodies collections of tick have been accompanied by general check up of health status. \n There was no acaricide treatment during the whole study period. The collection was \n done on the selected cattle from September 1998 to August 2000. In the course of the \n two years seven cattle have been replaced because ﬁve died and two were sold. \n Every 27-30 days the animals were put in crash or restrained to allow whole body \n collection of ticks according to the method of Londt et al. (1979). Collected samples \n have been placed in sample vials containing 6% formalin with glycerin. The samples","bbox":{"left":0.067424,"top":0.742386,"width":0.796783,"height":0.19612700000000005}},{"text":"50","bbox":{"left":0.067426,"top":0.961411,"width":0.021833000000000005,"height":0.015220000000000011}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}