{"content":[{"text":"Applications \n • Examples of selected systems which can be analysed with AF4 (but not limited to) are: \n synthetic or natural (bio) polymers such as proteins, polysaccharides and liposomes \n • various biological materials such as: \n • vaccines \n • viruses (virus like particles) \n • aggregates (e.g. heat induced or covalently cross-linked proteins) \n • complexes (e.g. protein-polysaccharide electrostatic complexes) \n • conjugates (e.g. antibody-antigen conjugates) \n • environmental samples such as colloidal soil suspensions \n • nano/micro (colloidal) particles such as: \n • chemical mechanical polishing slurries \n • polymer latex particle \n Sample requirements Samples should be prepared in filtered solutions (<= 0.2 mm filter) Typical injection volumes 10- \n 50 mL Typical sample concentrations 1 - 5 mg / ml Particle size range 1 nm < R < 10 m (molecular mass ~ 3 kDa - \n 3*1012 kDa) Flow rates: total flow rate 0.2 - 10 mL/min typical channel flow rate 0.2 - 3 mL/min Typical run time per \n sample 20-40 minutes Typical solvents Water (millipore Low concentration buffers e.g. phosphate, 50 mM NaNO3 \n Compatibility Ethanol, organic solvents, SDS pH range 2-12 Temperature range 10-70 °C Autosampler Up to 120 \n samples","bbox":{"left":0.053782,"top":0.051245,"width":0.8761340000000001,"height":0.28742500000000004}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}