{"content":[{"text":"448","bbox":{"left":0.136412,"top":0.065967,"width":0.030182999999999988,"height":0.018747}},{"text":"Interactions of Metal Complexes, Metal Salts and Amino Acids","bbox":{"left":0.190043,"top":0.0674,"width":0.5045680000000001,"height":0.017158999999999994}},{"text":"concentrating ores, solubilization of water insoluble dyes, hydrocarbons in analytical \n chemistry and a number of biological and environmental systems [15]. The formation of \n micelles by ionic and non-ionic surfactants is a well-established fact. In last few years, \n extensive structural, kinetic and thermodynamic studies have been performed on \n surfactant–water systems including the effect of additives on micellization [1–5]. \n Surfactants are capable of arranging themselves into organized molecular assemblies \n known as micelles. The concentration above which micelles form is called the critical \n micelle concentration (CMC). It is a well-established fact that the CMC of a surfactant is \n an extremely important parameter in view of its importance in the determination and \n optimization of various characteristic properties of micelles used in many pharmaceutical, \n biotechnological and chemical processes. As a result, detailed investigation of their \n behavior in aqueous solution and in presence of additives has recently attracted the \n attention of many investigators. For a couple of years, interests have been grown to reveal \n the nature of the interactions between metal chelate and different types of surfactants. \n Many metal ions play very vital roles in biological processes in the human body. \n They are found either at the active sites or as structural components of a good number of \n enzymes. Cobalt is known to be a central element of metabolically important biomolecule, \n such as vitamin B12 and therefore its bio-specification in biological fluids constitutes a \n theme worthy of chemical and biological perusal. A number of heterocyclic ligands such \n as 1,10-phenanthroline(phen), 2,2'-bipyridine(bipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione \n (PD) are versatile molecule with applications in organic and biological chemistry. \n Transition metal complexes containing heterocyclic ligands have been of considerable \n interest in terms of structural chemistry, catalysis and biological functions. They are \n known to possess potential activities in the areas of biological, clinical, analytical, \n catalytic, microbial, insecticidal, antibiotic, growth factors, food additive, tumor inhibitor, \n cell division etc. [68]. Metal such as calcium is essential for living organisms, in \n particular in cell physiology, where movement of the calcium ion into and out of the \n cytoplasm functions as a signal for many cellular processes. As a major material used in \n mineralization of bone, teeth and shells, calcium is the most abundant metal by mass in \n many animals. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is used in ice removal and dust control on dirt \n roads, in conditioner for concrete, as an additive in canned tomatoes, and to provide body \n for automobile tires. Calcium acetate is used as a food additive, as a stabilizer, buffer and \n sequestrant, mainly in candy products under the number E263. It also neutralizes fluoride \n in water. In kidney disease, blood levels of phosphate may rise (called \n hyperphosphatemia) leading to bone problems. Calcium acetate binds phosphate in the \n diet to lower blood phosphate levels. Major constituent of human kidney stones, calcium \n oxalate is also found in beer stone, a scale that forms on containers used in breweries. \n Calcium oxalate is also used in the manufacture of ceramic glazes. \n The interaction between surfactant and proteins has been under investigation for a \n long time [9]. The study on the effect of amino acid on the properties of surfactant may \n provide the important information for interaction between surfactant and protein. Amino \n acids are important biological-active substances and basic structural units of proteins. A","bbox":{"left":0.136412,"top":0.107986,"width":0.727465,"height":0.770971}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}