{"content":[{"text":"The transnationalisation of online sexual violation: the case of ‘revenge pornography’","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.086073,"width":0.734875,"height":0.015785000000000007}},{"text":"as a theoretical and political problematic","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.118855,"width":0.35127300000000006,"height":0.015785000000000007}},{"text":"Jeff Hearn","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.151637,"width":0.084396,"height":0.015784999999999993}},{"text":"Matthew Hall","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.184419,"width":0.111121,"height":0.015784999999999993}},{"text":"Introduction","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.282766,"width":0.109733,"height":0.015784999999999993}},{"text":"The growth, and popularity, of the Internet is unprecedented. Internet World Stats (2020)","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.315548,"width":0.7181399999999999,"height":0.015784999999999993}},{"text":"reports that more than 59 percent of the world's population has access to the World Wide","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.34833,"width":0.717011,"height":0.015784999999999993}},{"text":"Web, and the Real Time Statistics Project (2020) live Internet statistics shows there are now","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.381113,"width":0.742916,"height":0.015784999999999993}},{"text":"nearly 1.8 billion websites worldwide. According to the Internet safety website, Enough is","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.413895,"width":0.728583,"height":0.015784999999999993}},{"text":"Enough (2019), around 30 percent of Internet content is pornography, and around 88 percent","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.446677,"width":0.7472469999999999,"height":0.015784999999999993}},{"text":"of that contains violence against women. Whilst such numbers might be contestable, there is","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.479459,"width":0.74475,"height":0.015784999999999993}},{"text":"no doubt that online pornography has mushroomed and online violence against women is","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.512241,"width":0.719995,"height":0.01578500000000005}},{"text":"endemic (Kyriak et al. 2018, Mihajlov and Vejmelka 2017).","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.545024,"width":0.48517299999999997,"height":0.01578500000000005}},{"text":"Online sexual abuse and violation concern matters of sexuality and violence, through the","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.64337,"width":0.71483,"height":0.01578500000000005}},{"text":"medium of new information and communication technologies (ICTs). In this chapter, we","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.676152,"width":0.715795,"height":0.01578500000000005}},{"text":"approach this nexus through attending to the phenomenon of what has come to be called","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.708935,"width":0.711785,"height":0.01578500000000005}},{"text":"‘revenge pornography’, which, as we shall shortly discuss, is better conceptualised in rather","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.741717,"width":0.739322,"height":0.01578500000000005}},{"text":"different terms. Indeed, one of the more recent consequences of the relationship between","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.774499,"width":0.715328,"height":0.01578500000000005}},{"text":"pornography and the development of Internet and mobile technologies has been the","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.807281,"width":0.672407,"height":0.01578500000000005}},{"text":"borderless spread of various forms of online harassment, humiliation, abuse and violation,","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.840063,"width":0.728826,"height":0.01578500000000005}},{"text":"along with invasion of privacy and loss of reputation.","bbox":{"left":0.120943,"top":0.872846,"width":0.43037499999999995,"height":0.01578500000000005}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}