{"content":[{"text":"scientific representation. In fact, we find a cluster of interrelated problems. In Section","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.086501,"width":0.6972579999999999,"height":0.015783999999999992}},{"text":"2 we try to untangle this web and get clear on what the problems are and on how they","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.111016,"width":0.697258,"height":0.015783999999999992}},{"text":"relate to one another (for a historical introduction to the issue see Boniolo (2007)).","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.135531,"width":0.697238,"height":0.015783999999999992}},{"text":"The result of this effort is a list with five problems and five conditions of adequacy,","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.160332,"width":0.697238,"height":0.015783999999999992}},{"text":"which provides the analytical lens through which we look at the different accounts. In","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.184847,"width":0.697318,"height":0.015783999999999992}},{"text":"Section 3 we discuss Griceanism and stipulative fiat. In Section 4 we look at the time-","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.209363,"width":0.697259,"height":0.015783999999999992}},{"text":"honoured similarity approach, and in Section 5 we examine its modern-day cousin,","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.233878,"width":0.6972579999999999,"height":0.015783999999999992}},{"text":"the structuralist approach. In Section 6 we turn to inferentialism, a more recent family","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.258679,"width":0.6973590000000001,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"of conceptions. In Section 7 we discuss the fiction view of models, and in Section 8","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.283194,"width":0.697238,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"we consider the conception of representation-as.","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.307709,"width":0.38963799999999993,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"Before delving into the discussion, a number of caveats are in order. The first is that","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.357025,"width":0.697302,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"our","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.381541,"width":0.02687500000000001,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"discussion","bbox":{"left":0.188569,"top":0.381541,"width":0.08401199999999998,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"in","bbox":{"left":0.282278,"top":0.381541,"width":0.015685000000000004,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"no way presupposes that models","bbox":{"left":0.307661,"top":0.381541,"width":0.27958,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"are","bbox":{"left":0.596936,"top":0.381541,"width":0.024614000000000025,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"the","bbox":{"left":0.63125,"top":0.381541,"width":0.024634000000000045,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"sole","bbox":{"left":0.665585,"top":0.381541,"width":0.03247699999999998,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"unit","bbox":{"left":0.707762,"top":0.381541,"width":0.03136799999999995,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"of","bbox":{"left":0.748831,"top":0.381541,"width":0.016795000000000004,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"scientific","bbox":{"left":0.775323,"top":0.381541,"width":0.07390799999999997,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"representation, or that all scientific representation is model-based. Various types of","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.406056,"width":0.697299,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"images have their place in science, and so do graphs, diagrams, and drawings (Perini","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.430572,"width":0.6972550000000001,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"(2005; 2005; 2010) and Elkins (1999) provide discussions of visual representation in","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.455372,"width":0.697278,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"the sciences). In some contexts scientists use what Warmbrōd (1992) calls ‘natural","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.479887,"width":0.697275,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"forms of representation’ and what Peirce (1932) would have classified as indices: tree","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.504403,"width":0.6972959999999999,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"rings, fingerprints, disease symptoms. These are related to thermometer readings and","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.528918,"width":0.697299,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"litmus","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.553719,"width":0.050427,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"paper","bbox":{"left":0.219335,"top":0.553719,"width":0.044777999999999984,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"indications,","bbox":{"left":0.281008,"top":0.553719,"width":0.093528,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"which","bbox":{"left":0.391432,"top":0.553719,"width":0.049273999999999984,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"are","bbox":{"left":0.457601,"top":0.553719,"width":0.024614000000000025,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"commonly","bbox":{"left":0.499113,"top":0.553719,"width":0.08625,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"classified","bbox":{"left":0.602258,"top":0.553719,"width":0.07614900000000002,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"as","bbox":{"left":0.695303,"top":0.553719,"width":0.01679799999999998,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"measurements.","bbox":{"left":0.728992,"top":0.553719,"width":0.12038300000000002,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"Measurements also provide representations of processes in nature, sometimes together","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.578234,"width":0.697279,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"with","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.602749,"width":0.03584699999999999,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"the","bbox":{"left":0.198266,"top":0.602749,"width":0.02463399999999999,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"subsequent","bbox":{"left":0.233307,"top":0.602749,"width":0.08959299999999998,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"condensation","bbox":{"left":0.333307,"top":0.602749,"width":0.10639100000000001,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"of","bbox":{"left":0.450101,"top":0.602749,"width":0.016795000000000004,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"measurement","bbox":{"left":0.477299,"top":0.602749,"width":0.10749700000000001,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"results","bbox":{"left":0.595141,"top":0.602749,"width":0.052644000000000024,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"in","bbox":{"left":0.658186,"top":0.602749,"width":0.01568499999999995,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"the","bbox":{"left":0.684274,"top":0.602749,"width":0.024634000000000045,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"form","bbox":{"left":0.719315,"top":0.602749,"width":0.03918999999999995,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"of","bbox":{"left":0.768911,"top":0.602749,"width":0.016795000000000004,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"charts,","bbox":{"left":0.796109,"top":0.602749,"width":0.05318500000000004,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"curves, tables and the like (Tal (2015) provides a discussion of measurement). And,","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.627265,"width":0.6972179999999999,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"last but not least, many would hold that theories represent too. At this point the vexing","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.652065,"width":0.697218,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"problem of the nature of theories and the relation between theories and models rears is","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.676581,"width":0.697383,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"head again. We refer the reader to Portides’ contribution to this volume (forthcoming)","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.701096,"width":0.697238,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"for a discussion of this issue. Whether these other forms of scientific representation","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.725612,"width":0.697255,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"have features in common with how models represent is an interesting question, but","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.750412,"width":0.697275,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"this is a problem for another day. Our aim here is a more modest one: to understand","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.774927,"width":0.697319,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"how models represent. To make the scope of our investigation explicit we call the","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.799443,"width":0.697356,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"kind of representation we are interested in ‘model-representation’.","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.823958,"width":0.534093,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"The second point to emphasise is that our discussion is not premised on the claim that","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.873274,"width":0.697356,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"all models are representational; nor does it assume that representation is the only (or","bbox":{"left":0.151996,"top":0.897789,"width":0.697359,"height":0.01578400000000002}},{"text":"�","bbox":{"left":0.152016,"top":0.941702,"width":0.0044399999999999995,"height":0.016710000000000003}},{"text":"2","bbox":{"left":0.495565,"top":0.942259,"width":0.010080999999999951,"height":0.01578400000000002}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}