{"content":[{"text":"TECHNOLOGICAL FEASIBILITY OF ADOPTING EPA’s NONROAD TIER 4 FUEL \n AND ENGINE STATNDARDS","bbox":{"left":0.161275,"top":0.091434,"width":0.677551,"height":0.031338000000000005}},{"text":"Overview","bbox":{"left":0.147059,"top":0.139377,"width":0.075206,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"MECA believes the proposed exhaust and crankcase emission standards for \n nonroad diesel engines can be achieved in a cost-effective manner within the lead-time \n provided, if very low sulfur diesel fuel (15 ppm maximum sulfur) is available. Indeed, \n we anticipate that in response to a growing demand for low-emitting nonroad engines, \n improved engine designs coupled with advanced particulate matter (PM), toxic \n hydrocarbon (HC), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission control technologies will be \n available on some models of nonroad engines in advance of the effective dates of the \n standards for use in those areas where 15 ppm sulfur diesel is available in advance of the \n 2010 fuel sulfur compliance deadline.","bbox":{"left":0.147059,"top":0.174074,"width":0.6966110000000001,"height":0.156173}},{"text":"Technologies to reduce diesel PM, such as diesel particulate filters and diesel \n oxidation catalysts, are commercially available today. In fact, the use of exhaust \n emission control technology for nonroad diesel engines is not new. For over thirty-five \n years, nonroad diesel engines used in the construction, mining, and materials handling \n industries have been equipped with exhaust emission control technology – initially with \n diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) and followed later by diesel particulate filters (DPFs). \n These systems have been installed on vehicles and equipment both as original equipment \n and as retrofit technology on over 250,000 nonroad engines worldwide.","bbox":{"left":0.147059,"top":0.348316,"width":0.6988129999999999,"height":0.13874899999999996}},{"text":"Technologies such as DPFs and NOx absorbers, as well as the integration \n strategies that are being developed to meet the U.S. EPA’s 2007 and 2010 heavy-duty on- \n road diesel engine standards, generally can be applied to nonroad diesel engines and \n vehicles. Also, SCR, which has been widely used on stationary engines and in some \n mobile source applications on a limited basis, is another possible NOx control option. \n Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology, which is being used on highway HDEs and \n is being evaluated on nonroad engines as a retrofit option, will also be an available option \n to help meet the proposed standards. Finally, lean-NOx catalyst technology, which has \n been utilized in passenger car applications in Europe and is an available retrofit \n technology for on-road HDEs, is a strategy that could be used to help meet the possible \n less stringent NOx standards being contemplated for several of the smaller engine \n categories of nonroad diesel engines. A comprehensive list of references discussing the \n considerable progress in developing, optimizing, and applying advanced emission control \n technologies and strategies for reducing emissions from diesel engines can be found in \n Diesel Emission Control: 2001 in Review, SAE Paper No. 2002-01-0285 (2002 SAE \n Congress, Detroit) and Diesel Emission Control: 2002 in Review, SAE Paper No. 2003- \n 01-0039 (2003 SAE Congress, Detroit SAE Paper No. 2004-01-0070).","bbox":{"left":0.147059,"top":0.505134,"width":0.705384,"height":0.295567}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}