{"content":[{"text":"Layered Zoning for tall and slender buildings","bbox":{"left":0.248522,"top":0.031766,"width":0.502732,"height":0.022970000000000004}},{"text":"Introduction","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.083116,"width":0.137278,"height":0.022970000000000004}},{"text":"Virtually all tall buildings are sub-divided in zones that are served by groups of 4 or 6 \n elevators. These groups with large single-deck cars reflect the planning concepts of \n the attendant operated elevators of the early 20th century. When long ago \n attendants were abolished these groups lost their human intelligence. Traditional \n controls with up /down buttons in the lobbies and floor buttons in the cars continued \n to be the standard group operating system. Without attendants the performance of \n groups became erratic and inefficient. This was the reason why in the past the use of \n large cars became a must.","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.118858,"width":0.756395,"height":0.134359}},{"text":"The planning of groups with large cars became habitual. Planners were not aware \n that large cars are inherently inefficient and a great waste of space and energy. This \n paper proves, that a new zoning concept on the basis of double- or triple deck cars \n and intelligent destination controls, can reduce the space requirements for groups by \n up to 50 % in comparison with those in existing buildings.","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.26642,"width":0.7540669999999999,"height":0.08520700000000003}},{"text":"Intelligent destination group controls are based on the inherent relativity of group \n characteristics. For detailed information please refer to the paper: Planning groups of \n elevators for optimal performance and efficiency. This paper was published in the \n January 2014 issue of Elevator World. It can be downloaded from website: \n elevatorgroupcontrols.com","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.36483,"width":0.756245,"height":0.08517200000000003}},{"text":"Layered Zoning","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.462964,"width":0.175008,"height":0.02296999999999999}},{"text":"Envisage a 30-story building zoned in layers of A and B floors. The two lowest floors \n are entrance floors that are connected by escalators and herein identified as AØ and \n BØ. The 28 upper floors consist of 14 pairs of A and B floors. The lowest pair is \n identified as floors A1 and B1, the next higher pair as A2 and B2 and so on. All A \n floors form building zone A, and all B floors form building zone B.","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.498729,"width":0.752999,"height":0.08517200000000003}},{"text":"The two zones are served by one group of six double-deck cars. The lower deck of \n each car is identified with the character A, and the upper deck with B. The A deck of \n each car serves only A floors and the B deck only B floors. This implies the \n maximum number of destinations of the double-deck group is 14.","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.597103,"width":0.747216,"height":0.06877699999999987}},{"text":"Floor distances","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.678877,"width":0.17387400000000003,"height":0.022970000000000046}},{"text":"The distances between A and B floors are 4 m and match the distance between the \n A and B decks of the cars. The distance between a B floor and an A floor above may \n vary. This article will not consider alternatives for double-deck cars that can adjust \n the distance between their A to the B decks.","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.714618,"width":0.754088,"height":0.06877699999999998}},{"text":"Performance during heaviest simultaneous UP and DOWN traffic","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.796356,"width":0.72249,"height":0.022970000000000046}},{"text":"This article evaluates the performance of the 6-car double-deck group previously \n outlined for simultaneous up and down traffic of 7% of the population per 5 min. \n These traffic conditions are extreme and unlikely to occur in a real building. We \n assume the following characteristics:","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.832098,"width":0.718386,"height":0.06879999999999997}},{"text":"Author; Pieter J. de Groot, May 2014 Page 1 of 7 pages \n This paper was published as an article in the June 2014 issue of ELEVATOR WORLD.","bbox":{"left":0.120959,"top":0.936951,"width":0.7502669999999999,"height":0.029803000000000024}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}