{"content":[{"text":"Added Background Discussion","bbox":{"left":0.342364,"top":0.083279,"width":0.31527799999999995,"height":0.022147}},{"text":"Examples that possessing and even destroying sources of food is a beneﬁcial strategy that in-","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.117152,"width":0.758363,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"creases the opponents’ levels of food insecurity, thus negatively affecting their ﬁghting capacity","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.145521,"width":0.7583639999999999,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"(Hendrix and Brinkman, 2013), are available worldwide. For instance, in Sierra Leone, troops","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.17389,"width":0.7583629999999999,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebel group burned and destroyed villages not only","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.20226,"width":0.758363,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"to secure food resources for their own consumption, but also to strategically hurt the govern-","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.230629,"width":0.758363,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"ment and prevent its troops from accessing these important resources (Keen, 2005). Similarly,","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.258999,"width":0.758363,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"in the Horn of Africa, where land owners – backed by governments, which have far superior","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.287367,"width":0.758363,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"military capacity – appropriated much of the traditional herding space of pastroalists, livestock","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.315736,"width":0.7583629999999999,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"raiding is frequently used to humiliate and weaken the state (Mkutu, 2001).","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.344106,"width":0.6136959999999999,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"Indeed, although","bbox":{"left":0.743286,"top":0.344106,"width":0.13590000000000002,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"analyzing every incidence where rebels attacked speciﬁc regions to deny food resources from","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.372475,"width":0.7583639999999999,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"pro-state forces is beyond the scope of this paper, a partial evaluation of more recent evidence –","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.400844,"width":0.758363,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"presented in Table A.1 below – shows that such attacks occur relatively frequently during civil \n war.1","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.429214,"width":0.758363,"height":0.045462}},{"text":"The amount of food required to support troops varies based on unit size and type; as dis-","bbox":{"left":0.150289,"top":0.495744,"width":0.728892,"height":0.017093999999999998}},{"text":"cussed below, well-supported militaries might need more food, but they also have the advantage","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.524114,"width":0.7583639999999999,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"of being able to mobilize food contributions from other regions, while militias and CDFs are","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.552483,"width":0.7583639999999999,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"heavily embedded in local social networks, so that even a small amount of food provision can","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.580851,"width":0.758363,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"facilitate great improvements in ﬁghting capacity (Hoffman, 2007). Nevertheless, in each case,","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.609221,"width":0.7583629999999999,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"the importance of local food support to the state’s war efforts creates strong incentives for the","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.63759,"width":0.758363,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"rebels to preemptively target areas where more food is grown, because doing so would sub-","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.665959,"width":0.7583639999999999,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"stantially weaken pro-state forces, who require these resources to improve their own chances","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.694329,"width":0.758363,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"of victory. Attacking food abundant areas can have other beneﬁcial externalities for the rebels","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.722698,"width":0.7583629999999999,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"such as pushing the civilians to withdraw their support from the regime, and depriving the state","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.751066,"width":0.7583639999999999,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"of tax revenue, which closely corresponds to agricultural productivity in many developing ru-","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.779436,"width":0.758363,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"ral area (Wood, 2010; Fjelde, 2015).","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.807805,"width":0.29866299999999996,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"The amount of the civilians’ land used to grow food is","bbox":{"left":0.430038,"top":0.807805,"width":0.44914800000000005,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"observable by all actors, which allows the rebels to estimate how much food is available in","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.836174,"width":0.7583629999999999,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"the region (e.g., in open stockpiles, granaries, and cattle pens), but the rebels cannot know in","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.864544,"width":0.7583629999999999,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"advance how much food the civilians will provide to pro-state forces.","bbox":{"left":0.120823,"top":0.892913,"width":0.554814,"height":0.017094000000000054}},{"text":"2","bbox":{"left":0.494985,"top":0.944174,"width":0.010031000000000012,"height":0.017094000000000054}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}