{"content":[{"text":"Rethinking Capitalization","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.046195,"width":0.16573699999999997,"height":0.015536000000000001}},{"text":"by Nell Irvin Painter","bbox":{"left":0.752719,"top":0.046195,"width":0.13078599999999996,"height":0.015536000000000001}},{"text":"the Chicago Tribune, and the New York Times, had adopted the capital N. Capital N Negro was","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.091765,"width":0.746492,"height":0.018496}},{"text":"standard usage by the 1950s.","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.128735,"width":0.23279299999999997,"height":0.018496000000000012}},{"text":"In the 1960s, Black, formerly considered derogatory, gained acceptance as a sign of race","bbox":{"left":0.177425,"top":0.165705,"width":0.700736,"height":0.018496000000000012}},{"text":"pride, thanks to Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam and Black Power coming out of the civil","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.202674,"width":0.722539,"height":0.018495999999999985}},{"text":"rights movement. In the 1970s capital B Black emerged in Black writing, sometimes but not","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.239644,"width":0.724215,"height":0.018495999999999985}},{"text":"always along with a corresponding capital-W White. [Source: Donald L. Grant and Mildred","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.276614,"width":0.7146160000000001,"height":0.018496000000000012}},{"text":"Bricker Grant, “Some Notes on the Capital ‘N’,” Phylon Vol. 36, No. 4, 1975: 435-443]","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.313583,"width":0.6742480000000001,"height":0.018496000000000012}},{"text":"In 1988 the Reverend Jesse Jackson, presidential candidate, changed names once again,","bbox":{"left":0.177425,"top":0.350553,"width":0.698226,"height":0.018496000000000012}},{"text":"deeming African American to be the correct terminology. The new phrase was accepted, with","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.387826,"width":0.7440270000000001,"height":0.018496000000000012}},{"text":"both adjectives in its phrasing conveniently capitalized. African American—at first with a","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.424796,"width":0.70351,"height":0.018496000000000012}},{"text":"hyphen, then without—went well with Asian American, Native American, and Hispanic then","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.461765,"width":0.7306940000000001,"height":0.018496000000000012}},{"text":"Latino and Latinx, all capitalized.","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.498735,"width":0.258283,"height":0.018496000000000012}},{"text":"By the early 21st century, African American was no longer working so smoothly, as","bbox":{"left":0.177425,"top":0.535458,"width":0.651983,"height":0.018742999999999954}},{"text":"African immigrants and their children became a sort of African African Americans. Black","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.572674,"width":0.6967570000000001,"height":0.018495999999999957}},{"text":"returned as a more inclusive term with the added attraction of roots in Black Power and James","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.609644,"width":0.753159,"height":0.018495999999999957}},{"text":"Brown’s black + proud.","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.646614,"width":0.18181299999999995,"height":0.018495999999999957}},{"text":"In the wake of massive George Floyd and Black Lives Matter protests, Black people and","bbox":{"left":0.177425,"top":0.683583,"width":0.6910860000000001,"height":0.018495999999999957}},{"text":"their allies now regard capitalizing Black as a badge of honor. By mid-June 2020, prominent","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.720553,"width":0.724607,"height":0.018495999999999957}},{"text":"newspapers and journalists’ associations were embracing the capital B. Even Fox News has","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.757523,"width":0.7206100000000001,"height":0.018495999999999957}},{"text":"joined the crowd. The most common motive for change was summed up as respect. As I started","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.794492,"width":0.760891,"height":0.018495999999999957}},{"text":"thinking about racial capitalization, I asked my multiracial, multiethnic Facebook for their views.","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.831462,"width":0.7622050000000001,"height":0.018495999999999957}},{"text":"They variously mentioned cultural identity, pride, and a shared “ethnicity,” meaning Black","bbox":{"left":0.118601,"top":0.868432,"width":0.715188,"height":0.018495999999999957}},{"text":"Page 2","bbox":{"left":0.839385,"top":0.939831,"width":0.044426999999999994,"height":0.015535999999999994}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}