{"content":[{"text":"α2-Adrenergic","bbox":{"left":0.095243,"top":0.074289,"width":0.190707,"height":0.023885000000000003}},{"text":"Agonists","bbox":{"left":0.304091,"top":0.074289,"width":0.11592999999999998,"height":0.023885000000000003}},{"text":"or","bbox":{"left":0.440793,"top":0.074289,"width":0.02690999999999999,"height":0.023885000000000003}},{"text":"Stimulants","bbox":{"left":0.488487,"top":0.074289,"width":0.14121300000000003,"height":0.023885000000000003}},{"text":"for","bbox":{"left":0.650473,"top":0.074289,"width":0.035275999999999974,"height":0.023885000000000003}},{"text":"Preschool-Age","bbox":{"left":0.706533,"top":0.074289,"width":0.19821,"height":0.023885000000000003}},{"text":"Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","bbox":{"left":0.095243,"top":0.11134,"width":0.6989660000000001,"height":0.02388499999999999}},{"text":"Elizabeth Harstad, Justine Shults, William Barbaresi, Ami Bax, Jaclyn Cacia, Alexis \n Deavenport-Saman, Sandra Friedman, Angela LaRosa, Irene M Loe, Shruti Mittal, Shelby \n Tulio, Douglas Vanderbilt, Nathan J Blum","bbox":{"left":0.095243,"top":0.168539,"width":0.809413,"height":0.062245999999999996}},{"text":"Journal: JAMA \n DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.6118","bbox":{"left":0.095243,"top":0.261185,"width":0.26852,"height":0.03908400000000001}},{"text":"Abstract \n Importance: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed in approximately \n 2.4% of preschool-age children. Stimulants are recommended as first-line medication \n treatment. However, up to 25% of preschool-age children with ADHD are treated with α2- \n adrenergic agonist medications, despite minimal evidence about their efficacy or adverse \n effects in this age range.","bbox":{"left":0.095243,"top":0.328317,"width":0.793093,"height":0.108568}},{"text":"Objective: To determine the frequency of reported improvement in ADHD symptoms and \n adverse effects associated with α2-adrenergic agonists and stimulant medication for initial \n ADHD medication treatment in preschool-age children.","bbox":{"left":0.095243,"top":0.458021,"width":0.8000900000000001,"height":0.052980999999999945}},{"text":"Design, setting, and participants: Retrospective electronic health record review. Data were \n obtained from health records of children seen at 7 outpatient developmental-behavioral \n pediatric practices in the Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Research Network in the \n US. Data were abstracted for 497 consecutive children who were younger than 72 months \n when treatment with an α2-adrenergic agonist or stimulant medication was initiated by a \n developmental-behavioral pediatrician for ADHD and were treated between January 1, \n 2013, and July 1, 2017. Follow-up was complete on February 27, 2019.","bbox":{"left":0.095243,"top":0.532137,"width":0.802189,"height":0.12709800000000004}},{"text":"Exposures: α2-Adrenergic agonist vs stimulant medication as initial ADHD medication \n treatment.","bbox":{"left":0.095243,"top":0.68037,"width":0.7622760000000001,"height":0.03445200000000004}},{"text":"Main outcomes and measures: Reported improvement in ADHD symptoms and adverse \n effects.","bbox":{"left":0.095243,"top":0.735957,"width":0.7829370000000001,"height":0.03445200000000004}},{"text":"Results: Data were abstracted from electronic health records of 497 preschool-age \n children with ADHD receiving α2-adrenergic agonists or stimulants. Median child age was \n 62 months at ADHD medication initiation, and 409 children (82%) were males. For initial \n ADHD medication treatment, α2-adrenergic agonists were prescribed to 175 children \n (35%; median length of α2-adrenergic agonist use, 136 days) and stimulants were \n prescribed to 322 children (65%; median length of stimulant use, 133 days). Improvement \n was reported in 66% (95% CI, 57.5%-73.9%) of children who initiated α2-adrenergic","bbox":{"left":0.095243,"top":0.791544,"width":0.797686,"height":0.12709800000000004}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}