{"content":[{"text":"2","bbox":{"left":0.121154,"top":0.077742,"width":0.009614999999999999,"height":0.017299999999999996}},{"text":"EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION","bbox":{"left":0.373462,"top":0.077742,"width":0.25258600000000003,"height":0.017299999999999996}},{"text":"The next three articles deal with code-switching patterns found in child and adult \n data. In her article, entitled Turkish-Dutch language choice in adult-child interaction \n in Lombok Utrecht, the Netherlands, Nadia Eversteijn (Tilburg University) reports \n on a study of language choice among fifty Turkish-Dutch bilingual teenagers living \n in the multicultural neighborhood of Lombok/Transvaal in Utrecht (in the Nether- \n lands), during intra-ethnic conversations. The article on Language mixing by young \n Turkish children in the Netherlands, by Ad Backus and Hanneke van der Heijden \n (Tilburg University), addresses the question whether children growing up in the bi- \n lingual Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands acquire a mixed vernacular \n or two separate languages between which they frequently code-switch. Code-switch- \n ing among trilingual Turkish-speaking Roma children in Bulgaria is the title of the \n final article by Hristo Kyuchukov (Shumen University, Varna). Three Turkish-speak- \n ing Roma children (aged 30, 31, and 37 months) were observed. In everyday commu- \n nication with the children three languages are spoken - Turkish, Bulgarian, and Romani, \n with Turkish the dominant language. The data indicate that almost always children \n borrow nouns from Bulgarian or Romani. Trilinguals use the same mechanisms and \n processes as bilinguals but the additional language complicates their communication. \n Studies on bilingual and trilingual language acquisition illuminate new aspects of \n development of linguistic and communicative competence. The collected data re- \n quire clarification in further research.","bbox":{"left":0.121153,"top":0.118002,"width":0.7572490000000001,"height":0.36514}},{"text":"Barbara Bokus","bbox":{"left":0.605769,"top":0.500813,"width":0.13744600000000007,"height":0.01847299999999996}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}