{"content":[{"text":"Range Management for Optimal Beef Cow Fertility \n Jerry W. Stuth and Doug Tolleson","bbox":{"left":0.248448,"top":0.088907,"width":0.5026499999999999,"height":0.05567899999999999}},{"text":"Kelleher Professor and Assistant Director \n Grazingland Animal Nutrition Laboratory \n Department of Rangeland Ecology and Management \n Texas A&M University \n College Station, TX 77843","bbox":{"left":0.27982,"top":0.158462,"width":0.440196,"height":0.09070700000000001}},{"text":"Reproductive success of cows depends on providing sufficient lutenizing hormone to support \n formation and stability of the egg for maximum exposure to viable sperm provided by the bull. An \n important precursor to this important reproductive hormone is cholesterol, which is highly \n influenced by the level of stored body fat, the amount of circulating fat in the blood stream, mineral \n balance and the level of energy in the diet above maintenance requirements. Perhaps the most \n important indicator of breeding success under extensive grazing situations is the use of body \n condition scoring. However, body condition is a reflection of past nutrition but is not useful to \n determine the rate of change in relative short time frames. Recent advances in nutritional \n monitoring systems using the emerging NIRS/NUTBAL nutritional management system allows \n ranchers to track diet quality in terms of protein, energy and phosphorus, all important nutrients \n affecting the ability of the animal to attain a given body condition score. Understanding how the \n land provides nutrients throughout the year relative to the needs of the animal helps identify when \n nutrients can be prescribed to meet reproductive goals of a cow herd.","bbox":{"left":0.107884,"top":0.280068,"width":0.780667,"height":0.22936599999999996}},{"text":"This paper will focus on:","bbox":{"left":0.107884,"top":0.52446,"width":0.20629399999999998,"height":0.02098500000000003}},{"text":"1) \n 2) \n 3) \n 4) \n 5)","bbox":{"left":0.107884,"top":0.559056,"width":0.016333,"height":0.09070699999999998}},{"text":"Fundamental anatomical features that indicate different body condition scores, \n Relationship of body condition and pregnancy rates and calving intervals, \n Role of protein and energy affecting changes in body condition, \n Role of phosphorus and other minerals in impacting pregnancy rates, \n Strategies for managing body condition using prescriptive application of nutrients with the \n NIRS/NUTBAL nutritional management system to management objectives in terms of \n desired pregnancy rates.","bbox":{"left":0.166699,"top":0.558919,"width":0.709902,"height":0.12478299999999998}},{"text":"Anatomical Features Used in Body Condition Scoring","bbox":{"left":0.107884,"top":0.716189,"width":0.4482940000000001,"height":0.02098500000000003}},{"text":"Perhaps one of the most important management skills of livestock producers is the ability to body \n condition score their animals and track progress toward meeting a desired degree of fatness to meet \n a given reproductive goal in a herd. Body condition scoring is an index to the degree of fatness \n expressed in the anatomy of the animal that can be viewed by the human eye. Essentially, body \n condition scoring is a systematic process of attempting to visualize the degree of underlying \n skeletal features that can be detected by observing the animal.","bbox":{"left":0.107884,"top":0.750649,"width":0.7784110000000001,"height":0.10733300000000001}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}