{"content":[{"text":"Numerical Simulation of Flow of Bulk Solids Using CANAsand \n Constitutive Model","bbox":{"left":0.180935,"top":0.098163,"width":0.637168,"height":0.043131}},{"text":"Ali Noorzad1, H.B.Poorooshasb2 \n 1 \n Water Engineering Faculty, Power and Water University of Technology,Tehran, Iran. \n Emai: noorzad@wrm.ir \n 2 \n Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordea University, Montreal, \n Quebec, Canada. Email: pooroos@yahoo.ca","bbox":{"left":0.132428,"top":0.161216,"width":0.7342949999999999,"height":0.09505299999999997}},{"text":"Abstract: The CANAsand constitutive law in conjunction with the ID technique is used to study the \n flow phenomenon in a cohesionless granular medium placed between two parallel, rough vertical \n walls. It is shown that the development of flow is influenced by the geometry of the case. However \n the main factor is the void ratio of the medium: i.e. arching will prevent the free flow of the material \n if its void is close to the compact state. The study is extended to cover the axisymmetric situation. \n Here the flow of bulk solids through a circular opening at the base of a cylindrical tank is examined.","bbox":{"left":0.165954,"top":0.272352,"width":0.667241,"height":0.08927500000000005}},{"text":"Keywords: CANAsand model, granular material, bulk solid, flow property, compact state, arching","bbox":{"left":0.165954,"top":0.374536,"width":0.664139,"height":0.01628700000000005}},{"text":"INTRODUCTION","bbox":{"left":0.118816,"top":0.402318,"width":0.16127300000000003,"height":0.019452000000000025}},{"text":"The phenomenon of arching, a situation that \n prevents the free flow of bulk solids, has \n been the subject of study by many \n researchers in the field of civil and mining \n engineering. Among these scholars the works \n of Terzaghi (1943), Krynine (1945), Lusher \n and Hoeg (1964) and Handy (1985) are \n noteworthy. All these authors use a statically \n admissible stress field as a starting point. In \n variance to these authors, Poorooshasb and \n Hassani (1989) presented a kinematically \n admissible solution. The study, however, was \n rather primitive as it did not take into account \n the geometry of the case: It assumed the \n backfill to be of an infinite extent in the \n vertical direction. In this paper this \n shortcoming is removed and the work is \n extended to cover the case of flow of solids \n through an opening in the base of a vertical \n cylindrical tank.","bbox":{"left":0.118816,"top":0.442946,"width":0.3643529999999999,"height":0.346759}},{"text":"followed by a brief concluding remark.","bbox":{"left":0.516435,"top":0.442944,"width":0.318265,"height":0.019174000000000024}},{"text":"CANAsand MODEL","bbox":{"left":0.516435,"top":0.472945,"width":0.18025800000000003,"height":0.019452000000000025}},{"text":"The CANAsand constitutive law is one the \n oldest, yet simplest models in existence. It \n was first proposed in 1966 and ever since it \n has been revised and modified such that now \n it can accommodate quite complicated \n loading paths. A rather detailed description of \n this model was published recently, \n Poorooshasb and Noorzad (1996) and hence \n its representation here would be redundant. \n Two differences exist, however, between the \n model used in the present paper and the paper \n just cited.","bbox":{"left":0.516435,"top":0.51191,"width":0.364363,"height":0.208828}},{"text":"The first difference is in the choice of stress \n parameters used to define the state of the \n sample. In the previous paper, following \n Roscoe et al. (1958) the stress parameters t \n and s where the shear stress acting along, \n and normal, to the plane of simple shear \n respectively. In the present work the two \n invariants of the stress tensor are used. Thus \n the stress parameters used to define the state","bbox":{"left":0.516435,"top":0.736047,"width":0.364333,"height":0.15710500000000005}},{"text":"The present paper is written in the following \n sequence. First a very brief account of both \n the CANAsand model and ID technique are \n given. Then the results of several tests \n performed are presented and discussed; it is","bbox":{"left":0.118816,"top":0.805014,"width":0.364332,"height":0.08813899999999997}},{"text":"International Journal of Civil Engineering. Vol.3 Nos.3&4 September & December 2005","bbox":{"left":0.121049,"top":0.945194,"width":0.6056220000000001,"height":0.016179999999999972}},{"text":"129","bbox":{"left":0.850482,"top":0.942668,"width":0.030237999999999987,"height":0.019452000000000025}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}