{"content":[{"text":"PART 2: IN DEPTH REVIEW OF PATENTS IN THE U.S.","bbox":{"left":0.117647,"top":0.091952,"width":0.5779989999999999,"height":0.019748}},{"text":"The History of Patents & The U.S. Patent System","bbox":{"left":0.117647,"top":0.137799,"width":0.42829500000000004,"height":0.016926999999999998}},{"text":"The History of Patents - ​What are the origins of the patent system? \n ● Patent-like incentives first appeared in ancient Greece in 500 BC, and continued to \n spread throughout Europe through the 1700s. Early patent systems reinforced the \n wealth of elites instead of the welfare and productive capacity of the whole of society. \n ○ British patent application fees, for example, were more than 11 times the per \n capita income of the average citizen. This restricted innovation to a small sector \n of the population.","bbox":{"left":0.117647,"top":0.17751,"width":0.749587,"height":0.12940999999999997}},{"text":"Foundations of Patent Protection - ​What is the rationale for issuing a patent? \n ● As the first country in the world to incorporate intellectual property rights in its national \n constitution, America’s founders viewed intellectual property rights as vital to the nation’s \n economic survival. \n ○ They consciously designed a patent system that would do what no patent system \n had ever done before — ​stimulate the inventive genius and entrepreneurial \n energy of the common man​. \n ● Today’s U.S.patent system satisfies two broad goals: \n ○ Stimulates invention​: The inherent property rights of inventors and authors to \n their creations are protected, thereby helping to ensure that the wellsprings of \n creation and productivity do not dry up for lack of incentive. \n ○ Is an effective tool for knowledge sharing​: The benefits derived from these \n inventions and creations are ultimately harnessed to the public good through \n disclosure, thus promoting the progress of the nation and “the general welfare” of \n its citizens.","bbox":{"left":0.117647,"top":0.329025,"width":0.761663,"height":0.280925}},{"text":"The Patent System and U.S. Economic Growth - ​How has the patent system supported \n U.S. Economic Growth? \n ● The U.S. patent system stimulated invention and economic growth and quickly became \n the unrivaled leader of the Industrial Revolution. \n ○ By 1870, the U.S. was patenting more than 5x the number of inventions as \n Britain, even though their populations were nearly equal in size. \n ● The patent system’s central role in fostering innovation can be seen in the patenting \n spikes that occurred with every major industrial breakthrough. \n ○ 1880s - major surge in patenting, with the annual number of new patents issued \n jumping from 12,000 in the 1870s to ~20,000 in the 1880s. This patent boom \n corresponded with rapid advances in the emerging railroad, telegraph, telephone, \n and electric light and power industries. \n ○ 1900s - similarly, during the birth and early-stage growth of the automobile and \n aircraft industries. Patents granted at this time doubled from 20,000 per year to \n 40,000 per year.","bbox":{"left":0.117647,"top":0.632055,"width":0.763663,"height":0.27335}},{"text":"2","bbox":{"left":0.871324,"top":0.917351,"width":0.009996000000000005,"height":0.015515999999999974}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}