{"content":[{"text":"Abstract","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.091524,"width":0.072804,"height":0.016779000000000002}},{"text":"The achievement of all-fibre functional nano-modules for subcellular label-free measurement has","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.126372,"width":0.764618,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"long been pursued due to the limitations of manufacturing techniques. In this paper, a compact all-","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.161221,"width":0.764889,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"fibre label-free nano-sensor composed of a fibre taper and zinc oxide nano-gratings is designed","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.196069,"width":0.764595,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"and applied for the early monitoring of apoptosis in single living cells. Because of its nanoscale","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.230917,"width":0.7644650000000001,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"dimensions, mechanical flexibility and minimal cytotoxicity to cells, the sensing module can be","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.265766,"width":0.76466,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"loaded in cells for long-term in situ tracking with high sensitivity. A gradual increase in the nuclear","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.300614,"width":0.7646740000000001,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"refractive index during the apoptosis process is observed, revealing the increase in molecular","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.335501,"width":0.7648500000000001,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"density and the decrease in cell volume. The strategy used in this study not only contributes to the","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.370349,"width":0.7644130000000001,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"understanding of internal environmental variations during cellular apoptosis but also provides a","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.405198,"width":0.7642460000000001,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"new platform for non-fluorescent all-fibre devices to investigate cellular events and to promote","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.440046,"width":0.7643930000000001,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"new progress in fundamental cell biochemical engineering.","bbox":{"left":0.117686,"top":0.474895,"width":0.4629809999999999,"height":0.01677899999999999}},{"text":"2","bbox":{"left":0.49518,"top":0.918864,"width":0.00980399999999998,"height":0.020212000000000008}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}