{"content":[{"text":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 5 (2): 71-75, 2010 \n ISSN 1557-4555 \n © 2010 Science Publications","bbox":{"left":0.117647,"top":0.089031,"width":0.473415,"height":0.04586700000000002}},{"text":"Effect of Equilibration Temperature on In vitro Viability and Subsequent \n Embryo Development of Vitrified-Warmed Immature Bovine Oocytes \n 1Hajarian Hadi, 1H. Wahid, 2O. Abas Mazni, 1Y. Rosnina, 3M. Daliri, 1M. Dashtizad, \n 1A. Faizah, 1K.C. Yap, 2F.J. Fahrul and 2A. Fazly \n 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, \n University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia \n 2Department of Reproductive Biotechnologies, Agro-Biotechnology Institute, \n P.O. Box 341, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia \n 3Department of Animal Biotechnology, \n National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran","bbox":{"left":0.193529,"top":0.147061,"width":0.6129880000000001,"height":0.17958300000000005}},{"text":"Abstract: Problem statement: Vitrification is replacing conventional slow freezing to cryopreserve \n gametes and embryos especially for in vitro production of embryo in domestic animal species. \n However, the results are still not satisfactory. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of \n different equilibration temperatures on in vitro viability of immature bovine oocytes after vitrification. \n Approach: Oocytes were obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries. Only grade one oocytes were used. \n Oocytes were equilibrated in three different temperatures: 32, 37, or 41°C. Immature oocytes were \n equilibrated in VS1 (7.5 Ethylene Glycol (EG) + 7.5% DMSO) for 10-12 min and then exposed to VS2 \n (15% EG + 15%DMSO + 0.5M sucrose) for one min. Thereafter oocytes were loaded on hand-made \n Cryotop and directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. After warming, oocytes were examined for viability, \n maturation, cleavage and blastocyst production. Results: Oocytes that were equilibrated at 37°C had \n significantly higher (p<0.05) viability than 41°C, but there were no significant difference between 37 \n and 41 with 32°C. Maturation rate in 37°C group was significantly higher compared with other groups. \n The highest percentage of degenerated and germinal vesicle stage oocytes were obtained from 41°C \n than 32 and 37°C. Cleavage rate of 37°C group (38.77%) was greater than other groups (30.84 and \n 28.95% for 32 and 41°C, respectively). The highest blastocyst rate was also produced when oocytes \n equilibrated at 37°C (6.45%). Conclusion: In conclusion, these results indicated that immature bovine \n oocytes can be equilibrated successfully at 37°C while higher or lower temperature can significantly \n decrease their subsequent viability and development.","bbox":{"left":0.161764,"top":0.340697,"width":0.6765859999999999,"height":0.263594}},{"text":"Key words: Vitrification, equilibration temperature, bovine, immature oocytes","bbox":{"left":0.161766,"top":0.616606,"width":0.516319,"height":0.017530000000000046}},{"text":"INTRODUCTION","bbox":{"left":0.236078,"top":0.647932,"width":0.13055099999999997,"height":0.017417000000000016}},{"text":"Cryopreservation of reproductive cells has been \n initiated decades ago and currently its importance are \n becoming more notable. Preservation of fertility in \n patients suffer from cancer, conservation of endangered \n animal species, improvement of genetic breeding and \n assisted reproductive biotechnologies are all the \n recognized aspects that could be applicable by using \n established cryopreservation techniques (Fuller and \n Paynter, 2004; Rall, 1992). The hazardous part of \n cryopreservation systems which ultimately can be the \n cause of cell death is the risk of ice crystal formation \n inside the cells (Liebermann et al., 2002). This","bbox":{"left":0.117647,"top":0.676455,"width":0.367761,"height":0.176473}},{"text":"possibility of harm vanishes by using vitrification \n (Kasai, 1996; Rall, 1992; Vajta and Kuwayama, 2006) \n that employs high concentrations of cryoprotectants \n with ultra rapid cooling rates (Smorag and Gajda, \n 1994). \n Cryoprotectants potentially could be the source of \n toxicity which also increases by rising the temperatures. \n According to the literature, researchers are utilizing \n room (Chian et al., 2005; Kuwayama et al., 2005), \n biological (Vajta et al., 1998; Yoon et al., 2003) or \n higher than biological temperatures (Albarracin et al., \n 2005; Morat et al., 2008) for handling of the gametes \n and embryos at the time of vitrification. On the other \n hand, permeability and sensitivity of gametes and","bbox":{"left":0.514706,"top":0.647516,"width":0.36778599999999995,"height":0.20541200000000004}},{"text":"Corresponding Author:","bbox":{"left":0.117647,"top":0.866773,"width":0.149005,"height":0.015738999999999947}},{"text":"Abd Wahid Haron, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, \n University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia \n 71","bbox":{"left":0.27647,"top":0.86667,"width":0.397004,"height":0.04277299999999995}},{"text":"Faculty","bbox":{"left":0.680981,"top":0.86667,"width":0.044201999999999964,"height":0.015159000000000034}},{"text":"of","bbox":{"left":0.73255,"top":0.86667,"width":0.012534999999999963,"height":0.015159000000000034}},{"text":"Veterinary","bbox":{"left":0.752549,"top":0.86667,"width":0.06322099999999997,"height":0.015159000000000034}},{"text":"Medicine,","bbox":{"left":0.823138,"top":0.86667,"width":0.05935500000000005,"height":0.015159000000000034}}],"images_bbox":[],"images_bbox_not_text_overlap":[]}