 UGANDA STANDARD  
  US EAS 73 
First  Edition  
2020 -06-16 
 
 Reference number  
US EAS 73: 2000  
 
© UNBS 2020  
   
Building limes (quicklime and hydrated lime) — Specification  
 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWUS EAS 73: 2000  
ii                © UNBS  2020  - All rights reserved  
 Compliance with this standard does not, of itself confer immunity from legal obligations  
A Uganda Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are 
responsible for its correct applicati on 
© UNBS 2020  
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any 
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without prior written 
permission from UNB S. 
Requests for permission to reproduce this document should be addressed to  
The Executive Director  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards  
P.O. Box 6329  
Kampala  
Uganda  
Tel: +256 41 7 333 2 50/1/2 
Fax: +256 41 286 123  
E-mail: info@unbs.go.ug  
Web: www.unbs.go.ug  
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWUS EAS 73: 2000  
© UNBS  2020  - All rights reserved                 iii National foreword  
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) is a parastatal under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and 
Cooperatives established under Cap 327, of the Laws of Uganda, as amended.  UNBS is mandated to c o-
ordinate the elaboration of standards and is  
(a) a member of International Organisati on for Standardisation (ISO);   
(b) a contact point for the WHO/FAO Codex Alimentarius Commission on Food Standards, and  
(c) the National Enquiry Point on TBT Agreement of the Worl d Trade Organisation (WTO).  
The work of preparing Uganda Standards is carried out through Technical Committees. A Technical 
Committee is established to deliberate on standards in a given field or area and consists of representatives of 
consumers, traders, academicians, manufacturers, government and other stakeholders.  
Draft Uganda Standards adopted by the Technical Committee are widely circulated to stakeholders and the 
general public for comments. The committee reviews the comments before recommending the draft standards 
for approval and declaration as Uganda Standards by the National Standards Council.  
This Uganda Standard, US EAS 73:2000 , Building limes (quicklime and hydrated lime) — Specification , is 
identical with and has been reproduced from an International Standard, EAS 73:2000 , Building limes 
(quicklime and hydrated lime) — Specification , and adopted  as a Uganda Standard.  
The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee UNBS/TC 3, Building and c onstruction . 
The standard cancels and replaces US 156-1:2017, Building limes — Part 1: Specification and US 156-2:2017, 
Building limes — Part 2: Test methods, which have been withdrawn. 
 
Wherever the words, “ East African Standard " appear, they should be replaced by "Uganda Standard."   
 
   
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000 
ICS 91.100.10 
HS 2522.10.00 (quicklime) 
HS 2522.20.00(slaked lime) 
HS 2522.30.00(hydraulic)  
 
© EAC 2000 First Edition 2000 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
EAST AFRICAN STANDARD 
 
Building limes (q uicklime and hydrated lime)  — Specification and 
methods 
 
 
 
   
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73: 2000  
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWSTANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
ii © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  
Table of contents 
 
1 Scope ........................................................................................................................ ..............1 
2 Types........................................................................................................................ ...............1 
3 Physical requirements........................................................................................................ ......1 
4 Chemical requirements........................................................................................................ ....2 
5 Sampling..................................................................................................................... .............2 
6 Compliance with tests........................................................................................................ ......2 
7 Packaging and marking ........................................................................................................ ...2 
8 Tests for building limes ..................................................................................................... .......3 
9 Test for physical properties................................................................................................. .....3 
10 Principle of the method ..................................................................................................... .......3 
11 Residue on slaking test..................................................................................................... .......5 
12 Soundness test — PAT........................................................................................................ ....5 
13 Soundness test — Le Chatelier ............................................................................................... 8 
14 Soundness test— Autoclave..................................................................................................1 1 
15 Chemical components ......................................................................................................... ..16 
16 Packaging and marking ....................................................................................................... ..16 
Annex A Sampling............................................................................................................... ...............17 
Annex B (informative) Chemical components.....................................................................................2 0 
Annex C (Informative) Lime test certific ate.................................................................................... .....29 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAS 2000 — All rights reserved iii  
Foreword 
 
Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing 
requirements governing quality of products and services in East Africa. It is envisaged that through harmonized standardization, trade barriers which are encountered when goods and services are 
exchanged within the Community will be removed.  
 In order to achieve this objective, the Partner States in the Community through their National Bureaux 
of Standards, have established an East African Standards Committee.  
The Committee is composed of representatives of the National Standards B odies in Partner States, 
together with the representatives from the private sectors and consumer organizations. Draft East African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the Partner 
States. The comments received are discussed and incorporated before finalization of standards, in 
accordance with the procedures of the Community.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the 
East African Standards are therefore expected to ensu re that they always have the latest versions of 
the standards they are implementing.  
 
© East African Community 2000 — All rights reserved
* 
East African Community  
P O Box 1096  
Arusha  
Tanzania  
Tel: 255 27 2504253/8 Fax: 255-27-2504481/2504255 
E-Mail: eac@eachq.org
 
Web: www.each.org 
 
 
                                                 
* © 2000 EAC — All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for EAC Partner States’ NSBs.  
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWSTANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  1  
Building limes (q uicklime and hydrated lime)  — Specification and 
methods  
 
1 Scope 
 
This East African Standard specification applies to quick and hydrated lime intended for use in buildings.  
2 Types 
 
The lime shall be either high calcium lime or magn esium lime, in accordance with the physical and 
chemical requirements specified in Clauses 3 and 4 respectively. 
 
3 Physical requirements 
 
3.1 General  — The relevant tests for physical properties of lime shall be those indicated in Table 
1 by ‘x’. The lime shall conform to the limits defined in 3.2.  
The result of the test on quickly shall be reported on the ignited basis and the loss on ignition shall be measured by the method given in Annex B Clause Bl. Results of the tests on hydrated lime shall be 
reported on the 'as received' basis.  
 
3.2 Fineness  
 
⎯ Hydrated lime (powder)  — Hydrated lime (powder), when sieved as described in Clause 10, 
shall leave residue of not more than 2 % on a 180-micron sieve. 
 
⎯ Plaster finishing lime — Plaster finishing lime, when sieved as described in Clause 10 shall 
leave a residue of not more than 1 % on a 180-micron sieve and, in addition, shall have a total 
residue of not were than 6 % on a 90-micron sieve. 
 
Table 1 — Tests of physical properties 
 
 
 
3.3 Residue on slaking  — Quicklime, when slaked and sieved as described in Clause 11, shall 
leave a residue of not were than 15 % on a 850-micron sieve. 
 High calcium A and B Magnesium lime 
Hydrated lime Hydrated Lime 
Property Quicklime 
Hydrated 
lime 
(power) lime 
putty Plaster 
finishing 
lime Quicklime 
Hydrated 
lime 
(power) Lime 
putty Plaster 
finishing 
lime 
Fineness – x – x – x – – 
Residue on slaking x – – – x – – x 
Soundness:         
Pat test – x x x – x x x 
Le Chatelier 
test – x x x – x x x 
Autoclave test – – – – – x x x EAST AFRICAN STANDARD 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
2 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved 3.4 Soundness  
 
⎯ Pat test  — Pats prepared as described in Clause 12 shall be free from pops or pits and alteration 
of form. 
 
⎯ Le Chatelier test   — A mortar of hydrated lime, Portland cement, sand and water, prepared and 
tested as in Clause 13 average for three specimens of not more than 10 mm. 
 
⎯ Autoclave test  — When pastes are prepared and tested as described in Clause 14 the 
expansion due to the l shall be more than 1 %. 
 
4 Chemical requirements 
 The amounts of chemical components, when determi ned in accordance with Annex B, shall be within 
the relevant limits given in Table 2. Results of th e analysis of quicklime shall be reported on the 
ignited, basis and the loss on ignition shall be measured by the method given in Annex B. Results of the analysis of hydrated lime shall be reported on 'as received' basis. 
 
Available lime shall be understood to mean those constituents, which react under the conditions of the method specified in Annex B. Available lime is expressed as percentage calcium oxide in quicklime 
and as percentage calcium hydroxide in hydrated lime. 
 The amount of carbon dioxide may be determined by the method given in Clause B4.2 using the 
Schrotter alimeter, and the results used to determine whether the lime complies with this specification, 
but in the case of dispute, the method given in Clause B4.1 i.e. the Baryta method, shall be used as the reference method. 
 
Table 2 — Limits on chemical constituents — as determination on the ignited basis  
 
Constituents Material High calcium lime Magnesium lime 
  Class A Class B  
Available lime 
(calculated as calcium 
oxide) Quicklime Not less than 64 % Not less than 55 % More than 64 % 
Available lime 
(calculated as calcium 
hydroxide) Hydrated lime Not less than 70 % Not less than 70 % Not less than 70 % 
Quicklime Less than 5 % — 5 % or more Magnesium oxide 
Hydrated lime Less than 4.5 % — 4.5 % or more 
Carbon dioxide Quicklime Less than 6.5 % at 
works — Less than 6.5 %at 
works 
  Less than 9% 
elsewhere — Less than 9 
%elsewhere 
 Hydrated lime Less than 5 % at works — Less than 5 %at 
works 
  Less than 7 
%elsewhere — Less than 7 
%elsewhere 
 
5 Sampling 
 
Sampling of all materials shall be carried out in accordance with Annex A. 
 
6 Compliance with tests 
 
The test sample prepared for each lot shall be subjected to various physical and chemical tests as detailed in Clause 9 and Annex B. The lot shall be declared conforming to this specification only if the 
sample passes all the prescribed tests. 
 
7 Packaging and labelling 
 
7.1 Packaging  — Lime shall be supplied and packed in airtight or moisture proof containers. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  3 7.2 Labelling  — The container or the attached label shall be legibly and indelibly labelled with the 
following: 
 
(i) Lime for industry, grade.......; 
 (ii) Name of the material and its grade; 
 
(iii) Name of the manufacturer and/or his recognized trade mark, if any; and  
(iv) Mass and form of the material in the container. 
 
8 Tests for building limes 
 Building limes shall be tested for physical properties in accordance with Clause 9 and the chemical components shall be tested in accordance with Annex B. 
 
8.1 Quality of reagents  — Unless specified, pure chemicals and distilled water (deionized) shall 
be employed in tests. 
 
NOTE Pure chemicals shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities, which affect the results of analysis. 
 8.2 Testing apparatus  —The apparatus used for testing or building limes shall comply with the 
following requirements: 
 
(a) Test sieves  —All test sieves used shall comply with the relevant requirements of BS 410, 
Test Sieves, for woven wire cloth test sieves. 
 
(b) Glassware — Glassware shall be chemically resistant. 
 (c) Drying oven — Any drying oven used shall be a ventilated air oven capable of maintaining 
the temperature, range of 100 
°C to ll0 °C, unless otherwise specified. 
 
9 Test for physical properties 
 
Building limes shall be tested for physical properties in accordance with Clauses 10 to 14. 
 
10 Principle of the method  
 
10.1 The sample is washed through the sieve by means of a water spray nozzle with pressure of 
140 ± 5kN  /m2. 
 
The residue is then dried and weighed. The sizes of the sieves are 180 micron for hydrated lime 
powder; and both 180 micron and 90 micron for plaster finishing lime.  
10.2 Apparatus 
 a) Spray nozzle  — The spray nozzle assembly (Figure 1) shall be constructed of metal, non-
corrodible by water, and shall have a bore of 17.5 mm inside diameter. The spray plate shall 
have central hole drilled in line with the longitudinal axis, eight equally spaced holes drilled at an angle of 5 degrees to the longitudinal axis on a pitch circle of 6 mm diameter and eight equally 
spaced holes drilled at an angle of 10 degrees to the longitudinal axis on a pitch circle of 11.0 
mm diameter. 
 
The holes on the pitch shall be disposed as shown in Figure 1. All the spray plate shall be of 0.5 
mm diameter and the axis of the angled holes shall intersect the longitudinal axis of the nozzle 
assessed on the upstream or inlet side of the spray plate. 
 b) Pressure gauge — The pressure gauge shall be an 80-mm nominal size industrial gauge of 
250kN /m
2 range with the scale graduated in increments of 10kN/m2. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
4 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  
 
Figure 1 — Spray nozzle 
 
 
10.3 Procedure — The test procedure shall be as follows: 
 
a) Wet any sieve, which is to be used before placing lime on it.  Weigh to the nearest gram, 100 g of 
the laboratory sample. 
 b) Where the residue on only the 180-micron sieve is required, place the sample on this sieve.  Use 
the spray nozzle on a flexible tube with the pressure on the nozzle adjusted to 140 kN/m
2 ± 5 
kN/m2. Sieve the sample by washing with water for not more than 12 min but stopping as soon as 
the water comes through clear. 
 
c) Where the residues on two sieves' are required, place the sample first on the fine sieve alone.  
Use the spray nozzle on a flexible tube with the pressure on the nozzle adjusted to 140 kN/m2 ± 5 
kN/m2.  Sieve the sample by washing for a few minutes only to remove the fines, which can 
cause clogging and consequent flooding of the lower sieve in a nest of sieves. 
 
d) Dry this residue on the finer sieve and transfer it to another receptacle.  Nest the coarser sieve 
above the finer sieve and place the residue on the coarser sieve.  Use the spray nozzle on a flexible tube with the pressure on the nozzle adjusted to 140 kN/m
2 ± 5 kN/m2.  Sieve the residue 
through both sieves by washing with water so that the total time of the two wet sieving does not 
exceed 12 min but stopping as soon as the water comes through clear. 
 e) Dry this residue on the sieves in a drying oven and weigh to the nearest 0.1 g. 
 
10.4 Calculation — The masses of the residues shall be calculated as percentages of the mass 
original sample; 
 
Percentage residue = 
  100  mm1×  
or 
 
1002×mm 
 
where, 
m  = mass of sample; 
 
mI = mass on coarse sieve and 
 
m2 = mass on fine sieve. Spray Nozzle with 17 holes 0.5 mm diameter 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  5  
 
11 Residue on slaking test 
 
11.1 Principle of the method  
 
The sample is slaked under standard conditions to lime putty, which is then sieved using a water spray nozzle with pressure of 140 kN/m
2 + 5 kN/m2, and the residue on the sieve is dried. 
 
11.2 Procedure  
 
The test procedure shall he as follows: 
 
a) Take 1 kg of the laboratory sample and pass it through a perforated plate of nominal aperture 
26.5 mm. Place this sieved material in a contai ner and cautiously add 4 litres of water at room 
temperature.  Bring the water to boil (within 30 min of adding the water) and allow it to simmer for 
1 h with occasional stirring. 
 b) Allow the contents of the container to cool  and then wash them through an 850-micron sieve 
using a water spray nozzle at 140 kN/m
2 ± 5 kN/m2 pressure. 
 c) Continue the washing until the residue appears to be nothing but core and coarse sand-like 
particles. 
 d) Dry the residue on the sieve in a drying oven and weigh. 
 
11.3 Calculation   
 The mass of the residue shall be calculated as a percentage of the mass of the original sample: 
 
Mass of residue = 
mm100
1×  
where, 
 
m = mass of sample taken; 
 
m1 = mass of residue on sieve. 
 
12 Soundness test — PAT 
 
12.1 Principle of the method  
 
The sample is mixed with water under standard conditions and made into pats contained within ring moulds.  The pats are dried and subsequently exposed to steam. 
 
12.2 Materials  
 
The plaster of Paris used in the preparation of the pats shall comply with appropriate requirements of 
BS 1191 ** or any other relevant East African Standard except that it shall pass a 180-micron sieve. 
 
12.3 Apparatus  
 
a) Trowels trowels—  Two of the type shown in Figure 2. 
 b) 
Mixing sheet  — A large flat sheet of non-absorptive material for mixing (glass plate 450 mm x 
750 mm has been found suitable) 
 
                                                 
* BS 1191 — Gypsum building plasters  
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
6 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved c) Moulds — Three brass ring moulds (100 mm internal diameter 5 mm deep, an annular thickness 
of at least 5 mm, and having an internal taper of about 5 degrees), each with a non-porous base 
plate about 120 mm square. 
 
d) Oven  — A well ventilated drying oven controlled at 40 °C ± 5 °C. 
 e) 
Steam cabinet  — The steam cabinet in which soundness specimens are submitted to the action 
of steam at atmospheric pressure shall be fabricated throughout in sheet copper or other suitable 
material. A typical design is shown in Figure 3. It consists of a rectangular tank with a close fitting 
lid containing an integral drip shield to prevent condensed water from dripping on to the 
specimens. An outlet pipe prevents the pressure from rising in the vessel. Steam emitted from this outlet may be vented to the atmosphere, or condensed and the condensate allowed to run 
back. 
 
A tray of wire mesh, expanded metal or other suitable material shall be arranged to support the specimens at a minimum of 50 m above the surface of the water which shall be maintained at a 
constant depth by a suitable device. The clearan ce above the tops of specimens, if these are 
arranged to be supported in tiers, shall be at least 10 mm. The distance between the top of the uppermost specimens and the underside of the drip shield shall always be at least 50 mm. 
 
The base plate and the material of the specimen tray shall not cover more than three-quarters of the area of the surface of the water. 
 
The water shall be caused to boil by immersion heater elements or other suitable means.  
In order to ensure that boiling is vigorous and that the atmosphere is sufficiently uniform, the 
apparatus and the rate of boiling shall be such that two thermometers fitted one just below the lowermost specimen and above the uppermost specimen indicate not more than 0.5 °C difference 
between them. 
 
 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  7 Dimensions are in millimetres unless otherwise stated  
 
Figure 2 — Typical trowel 
 
12.4 Procedure  
 
Three test pats shall be separately prepared in the following manner: 
 a) Where the lime is in the form of a powder, thoroughly 70 g of the laboratory sample with 70 ml of 
water on the mixing sheet. Where the lime is in the form of lime putty, first determine its water 
content and add water to it to bring its water content up to 70 per 70 g of dry material. Gather the 
mix into a compact mass, cover it to avoid loss of water and allow to stand for 2 h ± 10 min. Grease the ring moulds and base plate with petroleum jelly. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
8 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved b) When the 2 h have elapsed 'knock up' the lime putty using the trowels, until a stiff plastic mass is 
obtained. If it is essential a little more water may be added. Spread out the putty then sprinkle 10 
g of the plaster of Paris evenly over the surface of  the putty and mix rapidly with the trowels for 2 
min ± 5s. 
 c) Using a pallet knife, form a flat pat by pressing the gauged material, in small quantities, into a 
ring mould resting with its wider diameter downwards on a non-porous base plate. Ensure as far 
as possible that no air is entrapped. Using the pallet knife with its blade nearly vertical cut off excess of the putty and then, with the b3.date near ly horizontal, smoothen off level with the top of 
the mould using not more than 12 stroke. Do not exceed 5 min total time, from the addition of the 
plaster of Paris, for completion of each pat. 
 
d) Leave the three pats to set for 60 min.  Place the pats on their base plates with or without the ring 
moulds in the drying oven at a temperature 40 °C ± 5 °C for not less than 12 h (it is usually 
convenient to dry the pats overnight).  If any pat shows shrinkage cracks, discard it before steaming and make a new pat. 
 
e) Place the three pats, still on their base plate, horizontally in the steam cabinet, in which the water 
is already boiling vigorously as indicated by a constant egress of steam from the vent in the lid; 
subject them continuously to the action of saturated steam at atmospheric pressure for 3 h ± 10 
min, taking precautions to prevent condensed water dripping on the pats. 
 
f) Remove the pats from the steam cabinet, allow them to cool and examine them in good light for 
pops, pits or alteration of form. 
 
 
 
Figure 3 — Steam cabinet 
 
13 Soundness test — Le Chatelier 
 
13.1 Principle of the method  
 
The sample is mixed with Portland cement, sand and water and the expansion of the resulting mortar 
is measured after subjection to standard conditions of humidity and temperature. The expansion 
under the same conditions of a mortar of the same cement, sand and water only is measured and subtracted from the first measurement to give the expansion due to the lime. 
 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  9 13.2 Materials  
 
(a) Sand  — The sand shall be clean quartz sand passing through a 850-micron sieve and being 
retained on a 600-micron sieve. 
 
(b) Portland  — The Portland cement shall comply with the relevant requirements for ordinary or 
nominal cement, as given in EAS 18, Specification for Portland cement (ordinary and rapid 
hardening). 
 
13.3 Apparatus  
 
a) Le Chatelier moulds  — The Le Chatelier moulds shall conform to Figure 4 and the tolerances 
shown thereof. The apparatus consists of a small split cylinder of spring brass or other suitable 
metal of 0.5 mm thickness, forming a mould of 30 mm internal diameter attached to two 
indicators with pointed ends AA, the distance from these ends to the centre of the cylinder being 165 mm.  The extensibility of each mould shall be meas ured as follows: 
 
Rigidly secure the mould by means of the clamp,  C as shown in Figure 5. Slip a small metal 
sleeve having a hook, E, at the end over the unclaped pointer and secure it by means of the set 
screw, D, so that the distance between the hook and the cylindrical surface of the moulds is 50 
mm± 2 mm and the distance between the ends of the pointers does not exceed 5 mm.  Suspend a weight of mass 100 g± 1 g from the hook as shown and measured the distance between the 
ends of the points in millimetres. 
 Remove the weight and again measure the distance between the ends of the pointers in 
millimetres. Take the difference between the readings when loaded with 100 g weight and after 
unloading. This is the extensibility of the moulds . The mouldy shall be considered satisfactory for 
use in soundness test if the extensibility is between 20 mm and 30 mm. moulds with 
extensibilities outside these limits shall not be used. 
 
The moulds shall be kept in good condition with the split not more than 1. 0 mm. 
 
b) 
Glass plates —  Six glass plates large enough to cover the ends of the moulds and each not 
exceeding 10 g in. 
 c) 
Tamping rod  — A metal rod weighing about 70 g and having an end diameter of 16 mm to 18 
mm. 
 d) 
Steam cabinet  — See 12.3 (e). 
 
e) Storage of the mortar in a humid environment  — Leave the moulds undisturbed for 3 min ±15 
min, and then measure the distance in millimetres separating the ends of the indicator points.  
Store the moulds in damp air at a minimum relati ve humidity of 90 % and temperature of 20 °C ± 
5 °C for a period of 48 h ± 4 h. 
 f) 
Treatment of the mortar in a steam cabinet  — After storage in the humid environment, place 
the moulds, with plates and weight s still in position, in the steam cabinet in which the water is 
already boiling vigorously as indica ted by a constant egress of steam from the vent in the lid; 
subject them to the continuous action of saturated steam at atmospheric pressure for a period of 
3 h ± 10 min, but do not immerse them in water. At the expiration of this period, remove the moulds from the steam cabinet and allow them to cool to room temperature, then again measure 
the distance between the indicator points. The increase over the former measurement represents 
the expansion of the mortar. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
10 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved 
 
 
Figure 4 — Le Chatelier mould 
 
 
 
Figure 5 — Apparatus for measuring extensibility of Le Chatelier moulds 
 
13.4 Procedure 
 
Repeat the whole procedure once, using new batches of mortar. Record the individual figures so obtained and calculate the mean. 
 
a) Prepared action of lime, cement and sand mortar 
 
Where the lime is in the form of a powder, mix 30 g of the laboratory sample with 10 g of the 
Portland cement and 120 g of the standard sand in the dry state and then mix the whole with 20 
ml of water.  Where the lime is in the form of lime putty, first determine its water content and add 
water to it to bring its water content up to 20 ml per 30 g of dry material.  If the water in the lime 
putty is in excess of that required, partly de- water a portion of the lion putty by suction on 
Buchner funnel or equivalent, determine the water content of the resultant lime putty and adjust it to 20 ml per 30 g of dry material. Mix an amount of lime putty of adjusted water content 
containing 30 g of dry putty with 10 g of the Portland cement and 120 g of the standard sand. 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  11  
b) Preparation of cement and sand mortar  
 
First mix 10 g of the Portland cement and 120 g of  the standard sand in the dry state and then 
mix the whole with 20 m1 of water.  
 
c) Moulding the test specimen  — 
 
Grease the internal surface of each of the three moulds with petroleum jelly and place on three 
similarly greased glass plates.  Immediately after preparation of the mortar fill each mould 
completely but loosely with the mortar and lightly tamp with the rod to avoid the inclusion of air, then fill and retamp level with the top of the mould taking care to keep the split in the mould just 
visibly open when this operation is completed. Cover each mould with a greased plate upon 
which a weight of mass 100 g ± 10 g is placed. 
 
d) Storage of the mortar in a humid environment 
 
Leave the moulds undisturbed for 3 h ± 15 min, and then measure the distance in millimetres 
separating the ends of the indicator points. Store the moulds in damp air at minimum relative humidity of 90 per cent and temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C for a period of 48 h ± 4 h 
 
e) Treatment of the mortar in a steam cabinet 
 
After storage in the humid environment, place the moulds, with plates and weights still in position, 
in the steam cabinet in which the water is already boiling vigorously as indicated by a constant egress of steam from the vent in the lid; subject them to the continuous action of saturated steam 
at atmospheric pressure for a period of 3 h +
 10 min, but do not immerse them in water. 
 
At the expiration of this period, remove the moulds from the steam and allow them to cool to 
room temperature, then again measure the distance between the indicator points.  The increase 
over the former measurement represents the expansion of the mortar.  
Repeat the whole procedure once, using new batches of mortar.  Record the individual figures so 
obtained and calculate the mean. 
 
13.5 Calculation   
 
From the value obtained for the lime-cement-sand and mortar, subtract the value obtained for the 
cement-sand mortar send record the resulting value as the net expansion of the lime. 
 
14 Soundness test— Autoclave 
 
14.1 Principle of the method   
 
The sample is mixed with Portland cement and water to give a paste of standard consistency and the 
expansion of this paste is measured after subjection to standard autoclave conditions. The expansion 
of a paste of Portland cement and water only also  of standard consistency, is measured after 
subjection to standard autoclave conditions and this expansion is subtracted from the first 
measurement to give the expansion due to the lime. 
 
14.2 Materials  
 
The Portland cement shall comply with the relevant requirements for ordinary or normal cement, given in EAS 18 and in addition, when subjected to an autoclave test as described hereafter, shall have an 
expansion of not less than 0.05 % and not more than 0.10 %. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
12 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved 14.3 Apparatus  
 
a) Vicat apparatus   
 
Vicat apparatus conforming to Figure 6, and the tolerance shown thereon. 
 b) 
Trowel   
 
A trowel of the type shown in Figure 2. 
 
c) Autoclave prism moulds   
 
Moulds shall provide for test specimens of 25 mm x 25 mm square cross-section and of 250 mm, 
effective gauge length, single-compartment or tw o-compartment. The effective gauge length shall 
be considered as that length between the innermost points of the metal inserts used as reference points. The parts of the mould shall be tight-fitti ng and firmly held together when assembled. The 
moulds shall be made of steel or hard metal not readily attacked by the cement paste. The sides 
of the moulds shall be sufficiently rigid to prevent spreading or warping. Each end plate of the moulds shall be equipped to hold properly in place, during the setting period, a stainless steel or 
non-corroding metal reference point having a diameter of 6 mm. The reference pins shall be set 
so that their principal axis coincide, with the principal axis of the test specimen and shall extend into the specimen 17.5mm ± 2.5 mm. The distance between the ends of the reference points 
shall be 250 mm ± 2.5 mm. 
 
d) 
Autoclave  
 
The Autoclave shall consist of a high pressure steam vessel provided with a thermometer well and equipped with an automatic pressure control and a safety rupture disc. 
 
The capacity of the heating unit shall be such that with maximum load (water plus specimens) the pressure of the saturated steam in the autoclave may be raised to a gauge pressure 2 000 
kN/m
2 in1h to 1.25h. 
 
The automatic pressure control shall be capable of maintaining the pressure at 2 000 kN/m2 ± 70 
kN/m2 for at least 1h. For saturated steam, a gauge pressure of 2 000 kN/m2 ± 70 kN/m2 
corresponds to a temperature of 215.7 °C ± 1.7 °C. 
 In preparation for use, the autoclave moulds shall be thinly covered with mineral oil; after this 
operation, the stainless steel or non corroding all reference points shall be set, care being taken 
to keep them clean and free of oil.  
The pressure gauge shall be a 100-mm nominal size industrial gauge of 4000 kN/m
2, and in 
addition the scale intervals shall be not more than 50 kN/m2 
 
The autoclave shall be designed to permit the pressure to drop from 2 000 kN/m2 to less than 70 
kN/m2 without venting in 1.5 h after the heat supply has been shut off. It shall be equipped with a 
vent valve for allowing the escape of air during the early part of the heating period and for 
releasing any steam pressure remaining, at the end of the 1.5 h cooling period. 
 
e) Length comparator  
 
Changes in length of the test specimen be measured by a dial gauge or cryometer captor having a range of at least 7.5 mm. The instrument shall be graduated to at least 0.02 mm and, when tested at any point throughout its range, the error shall be not greater than ± 0.04 mm. 
 
The difference between repeated measurements shall be not greater than 0.02 mm. The comparator shall be equipped with a suitable reference bar, with insulating handgrip, and shall be 
checked with this reference bar before and after each set of readings. The comparator shall be 
equipped to hold the specimen in position while it is being measure 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  13 
 
 
 
 
Figure 6 — Vicat apparatus 
 
14.4 Procedure  
 a) 
Standard conditions  
 
The requirements for the composition and consistency of the paste and for the autoclave 
conditions are as follows: 
 i) For the test on a paste of hydrated lime, Portland cement and water: 
 
— Composition:150 g hydrated lime from the laboratory sample; 
 
— 150 g Portland cement; 
 
— Amount of water required for normal consistency (see 14.4
 (c)). 
 
— Penetration of rod for normal consistency: B 
 
— Between 5 mm and 15 mm. 
 
— Autoclave conditions: 2 000 ± 70 kN/M 2 for 1 h. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
14 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved ii) For test on a paste of Portland cent and water only: 
 
— Composition:500 g Portland cement; 
 
— Amount of water required for normal consistency (see 14.4 (c) 
 
— Penetration of rod for normal consistency: 10 min ± 1 min. 
 
— Autoclave conditions: 1 000 kN/m2 ± 70kN/m2 for 1h. 
 
b) Preparation of the paste  
 
Prepare the paste by mixing water with the dry constituents on a smooth, non-absorbent surface.  
For a paste containing both lime and cement, first mix the measured amount of these 
constituents by shaking vigorously in a glass jar or similar container for 30 s, spread the dry mixture thinly on the smooth non-absorbent surface and break up all visible lime agglomerates 
with the trowel, blending the lime and cement until the mixture appears uniform. 
 For both types of paste, form the dry constituents into a cone with a crater in the centre. Pour the 
amount of water necessary to make a paste of normal consistency into the crater and turn the 
material at the outer edge into the crater within 1 min with the aid of the trowel. During a further 1 min, trowel the dry material around the outside of the cone lightly over the remainder. 
 
For 3 min more, knead and squeeze the mixture contiguously, and vigorously.  
Allow the paste to stand undisturbed for 1 min and finally rework it vigorously for 1 min. 
 
c) 
Standardization of the consistency of the paste  
 
From the prepared paste quickly into a ball and toss it six its from one hand to the other maintaining the hands about 150 mm apart. Rest the ball in the palm of one hand and press it 
into the larger end of the conical ring moulds he ld in the other hand. Completely filling the mould 
with paste. 
 Remove the excess paste at the larger end by a single movement of the palm of the hand. 
 
Place the mould on its larger end on the glass plate, and slice off the excess paste at the smaller end at the top of the mould by a single oblique stroke  of the edge of the trowel.  Hold the blade of 
the trowel at a slight angle to the top of the mould and smooth the top if necessary with a few 
light touches of the pointed end of the trowel.  During these operations of cutting and smoothing take care not to coir press the paste. 
 
To determine the consistency, stand the Vicat apparatus  on a firm base so that it is free from all 
vibrations during the tests and complete the following operations to the release of the plunger 
within 30 s of the filling moulds. 
 i) Centre the filled mould on the glass plate under the plunger. 
 
ii) Bring the end of the Plunger into contact with the surface of the paste and tighten the 
setscrews. 
 
iii) Release the plunger 30 s after the filling of the mould. The distance, which the plunger 
penetrates below the original surface of the paste 30 s after its release, is a measure of the consistency. 
 
Make trial pastes using varying measured quantities of water until the penetration for normal consistency is obtained. 
 
Use the amount of water required for a normal consistency as determined by this procedure to prepare the paste for the autoclave specimens. 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  15  
d) Treatment of the paste in an autoclave 
 
i) Moulding the test specimens  
 
Immediately following completion of mixing the paste of required consistency; mould four test 
specimens in autoclave prism moulds in two approximately equal layers. Compact each layer 
with the thumbs or fingers by pressing the paste into the corners, around the reference inserts, and along the surface of the moulds until a ho mogeneous specimen is obtained. After the top 
layer has been compacted, cut off the paste flush wi th the top of the mould with the trowel blade 
and smooth the surface with a few strokes of the trowel. 
 
ii) 
Storing the test specimens   
 
Immediately after the specimens have been moulded place them in a moist cupboard or a moist room and leave them there for at least 20 h. If they are removed from the moulds less than 24 h 
after moulding, leave them in the most cupb oard or most room until they are tested. 
 
iii) 
Test procedure  
 
Remove the specimens from the most atmosphere 24 h ± 30 min after moulding, and immediately measure their lengths between the exposed ends of the reference pins.  Place them 
in the autoclave at room temperature in a rack so that all sides of the specimens are exposed to 
saturated steam vapour during the entire period of th e test. Normally, 7 to 10 % of the volume of 
the autoclave should be occupied by the water. 
 
To permit air to escape from the autoclave during the early portion of the heating period, leave the vent open until the steam begins to escape. Then close the valve and raise the temperature 
of the autoclave at a rate that will raise the gauge pressure of the steam to 2000 ±
 70 kN/m2 in 1 
h to 1.25 h from the time the heat is turned on. Maintain the 2000 kN/m2 ± 70 kN/m2 pressure for 
the required length of time and at the end of that period shut off the heat supply and cool the 
autoclave at a rate such that the pressure will be less than 70 kN/m2 at the end of 1.5 h. Slowly 
release any pressure remaining by partially opening the vent until atmospheric pressure is 
attained. Open the autoclave and place the test specimens immediately in water the temperature 
of which is above 90 °C. 
 
Cool the water round the specimens at a uniformly by adding cold water so that the temperature of the water will be lowered to 20 °C in 15 min.   Maintain the water surrounding the specimens at 
20 °C for an additional 15 min then surface dry the specimens and sure their lengths between the 
exposed ends of the pins. 
 
14.5 Calculation of results 
 The difference in length of each test specimen before and after autoclaving shall be calculated and 
expressed as a percentage of the effective gauge length.  The average of these percentages for the 
four test specimens of cement-lime paste shall be calculated and from it shall be subtracted the average of the percentages for the four test specimens of cement paste.  The result shall be reported 
as the percentage expansion due to the hydrated lime. 
 
1002501 2×−L L 
 
where;  
L1  = length of specimen before autoclaving; 
 
L2  = length of specimen after autoclaving; 
 
250 mm is the effective gauge-length ( see Clause-14.3 (c). 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
16 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved 15 Chemical components 
 
All building 1 s shall be tested for chemical components in accordance with the methods given in 
Annex B.  
15.1 Test Samples — Samples will be collected according to Annex A. A coarse sample of 850 
microns shall be used for loss of ignition test for quicklime. All other tests are to be made on the 
prepared laboratory sample of 150 microns. 
 
16 Packaging and marking 
 
16.1 Packaging — Supplies shall be packed in airtight or, moisture proof containers. 
 
16.2 Marking  — When supplied in packages, each package shall be securely closed and marked 
indelibly with the following information: 
 
(i) Name and grade of the material;  
(ii) Mass of the material in the package; 
 (iii) Manufacturer's and/or recognised trade mark, if any; and 
 
(iv) Lot number, or date of manufacture. 
 
16.2.1  When supplied in bulk, a good-sized metallic or cardboard label bearing the above 
information printed with suitable paint or ink shall be displayed conspicuously on the carrier and also 
placed inside. 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  17  
Annex A 
(normative)  
Sampling 
 
A.1 General precautions 
 
Sampling shall he carried out as quickly as possible so that the material does not deteriorate. The 
total time it occupies in mixing and/or quartering the composite samples, and the preparation of the final test samples from this shall not exceed 2 h. The final samples shall be enclosed, marked and sealed paying special attention to the air-tightness of  the containers. Tools and containers shall be of 
material free from rust and alkali resistant. 
 
A.1.1  In drawing, preparing, storing and handling test samples the following precautions and 
directions shall be observed: 
 
A.1.2  Samples shall not be taken at a place exposed to weather or from damaged or broken 
containers. 
 
A.1.3  The sampling instrument shall be clean and dry when used. 
 
A.1.4  Precautions shall be taken to protect the samples, the material being sampled, the sampling 
instrument and the containers for sample s from adventitious contamination. 
 
A.1.5  To draw a representative sample, the contents of each container selected for sampling shall 
be mixed as thoroughly as possible by methods specified in Clause A2 or Clause A3.  
A.1.6  The samples shall be placed in clean, dry and airtight glass or other suitable containers on 
which the material has no reaction.  
A.1.7  The sample containers shall be of such a size that they are almost completely filled by the 
sample. 
 
A.1.8  Each sample container shall be sealed airtight  after filling and, marked with full details of 
sampling, the date of Sampling, the month of ma nufacture, and other important particulars of the 
consignment. 
 
A.2 Sampling from bulk supplies  
 
The size of the gross sample for each consignment depends on the size of the lot and shall be as 
given in Table 3; or be equal to 1/100 of the total mass of the bulk consignment whichever is less.  
Table 3 — Sample size 
 
Lot size Gross sample size for lumps Gross sample size for powder 
(m) 
 
Up to 100 
101 to 300 301 to 500 
501 to 1 000 (kg) 
 
500 
1 000 1 500 
2 000 (kg) 
 
250 
500 750 
1 000 
 
A.2.1  Sample shall be taken from each bulk consignment.  The sampling shall be preferably carried 
out either at the time of loading or unloading. The gross sample shall be made up of at least 50 equal 
portions taken from each lot at equal intervals or loading or unloading.  For stationary lots, the gross 
sample shall be collected from different parts of the stockpile in not less than 50 equal portions. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
18 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved The gross sample collected in the above manner shall be broken down to pass through 12.5 mm test 
sieve.  This shall be collected and thoroughly mixed on a clean dry surface to about 20 kg by conning 
and quartering method. 
 
A.2.2  Procedure   — Draw several samples from each bulk consignment by means of a scoop of 
about 0.5 kg capacity from different parts, namely the front, middle and back and at different depths 
so that the sample taken is representative of the bulk. Place the separate samples thus collected 
together in a covered container to obtain an averag e sample.  Empty out the contents of the container 
on a level clean and hard surface; and spread them out flat and scoop the mass together into a cone.  
Flatten the cone and divide into four equal parts.  Remove the two diagonally opposite parts.  Mix the 
two remaining parts together and form a cone out of  it again.  Repeat the operation of coning and 
quartering until finally about 20 kg of the average sample representative of the bulk consignment is 
left. 
 
A.3 Sampling small supplies  
 
A3.1 Scale of sampling  
 
A3.1.1 Lot — All the containers in a single consignment of the material drawn from a single batch of 
manufacture shall constitute the lot. If a consignment is declared or known to consist of different 
batches of manufacture, the batches shall be marked separately and the containers belonging to the same batch shall be grouped together and each such group shall constitute a separate lot. In the case 
of a consignment drawn from a continuous process, 1000 containers or 100
th of the material shall 
constitute the lot.  
NOTE Samples shall be tested from each lot for ascertaining the conformity of the material to the requirements of the 
specification. 
 
A3.1.2  The number of containers to be chosen from lots of different sizes shall be as indicated in 
Table 4. 
 
Table 4 — Number of containers to be selected for sampling from different sizes of lots 
 
Number of containers in the lot 
(n) Number of containers to be chosen 
(n) 
2 to 15 
16 to 40 
41 to 65 
66 to 110 
Over 110 2 
3 
4 7 
10 
 
A.3.1.3  These containers shall be chosen at random from the lot and in order to ensure the 
randomness, some random number table shall be used.  In case such a table is not available, the 
procedure given in A3.1.4 shall be adopted.  
A.3.1.4  Arrange all the containers in the lot in a systematic manner and starting from any container, 
count them as 1, 2..., etc., up to r and so on. Every rth container thus counted shall be withdrawn from 
the lot to give sample for the test, where r is the integral part of N/n (see Table 4). 
 
A.4 Test samples  
 
A.4.1 Test samples from bulk consignment  — A small but equal amount of material shall be 
collected from each average sample.  The material so collected from every 10 average samples or 
parts thereof, shall be mixed together to form a composite sample.  The cosine sample shall weigh 
about 600 g and shall then be divided into 3 equal parts; one for purchaser, another for the vendor 
and the third for the referee.  The remaining portions of each average sample from individual test samples and, like the composite sample, they too shall be divided into 3 equal parts. 
 
A.4.2 Preparation of test sample from small supplies — To prepare a set of test samples, draw 
with an appropriate sampling instrument small portions of the material from different parts of each 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  19 container selected under A 3.1.2 and freshly opened.  The total quantity of the material drawn from 
each container shall be sufficient to conduct the tests for al1 the characteristics given under 
requirements of individual specification and shall not exceed 1 kg. 
 
A.4.2.1  Thoroughly mix all portions of the material from the same container. Out of these portions, a 
small but equal quantity shall be taken from each selected container and shall be well mixed so as to 
form a composite sample weighing not less than 600 g. This cosine sample shall be divided into 3 
equal parts one for the purchaser, another for the vendor and the third for the referee.  
A.4.2.2  The remaining portions of the material from each selected container (after a small quantity as 
needed for formation of the composite sample has been taken out) shall be divided into 3 equal parts, 
each part weighing not less than 50 g. These parts shall be immediately transferred to thoroughly 
dried bottles, which are then sealed airtight with stoppers and labelled with all the particulars of 
sampling given under A.1.7. The material in each such sealed bottle shall be separated into 3 
identical sets of test, samples in such a way that each set has a test sample Representing the containers selected under A 3.1.2. One of these 3 sets shall be marked for the purchaser, another for 
the vendor and the third for the referee. 
 
A.5 Laboratory sample (or prepared sample)  
 
A.5.1  The prepared sample shall be crushed to pass through sieve 180 microns. (For free moisture 
determination see 4.3.1.) The sieved material shall be reduced by coning and quartering (where the 
opposing quarters are retained) and shall be crushed to pass through a 600-micron sieve. It shall then 
be reduced further by conning and quartering till the quantity come down to about 1.5 kg, which shall 
constitute the laboratory sample for the sub lot. If the total prepared sample was less than 1.5 kg the 
whole sample shall be crushed to pass through a 600-micron sieve. 
 
A.6 Material for physical and chemical tests  
 
Subsequently, at the time and place at which the tests and chemical analysis are to be carried out, the sample taken as described under A.4.1 and A.4.2 shall be crushed to pass through 2.36 mm test 
sieve, thoroughly mixed and slightly more quantity of lime than is sufficient for conducting the tests 
taken in such manner to be as representative as possible; in the case of lump quicklime, quartering 
shall be carried out. For chemical tests only, from the material finally chosen a small quantity from the sample shall be ground and rejected, in order to ensure absence of contamination in the grinding 
equipment; and about 100 g of the samples shall be rapidly ground with as little exposure to the air 
and water vapour as possible to pass through 300 micron test sieve, and placed in a small air-tight container. 
 
A.7 Referee sample  
 
A.7.1  Referee sample shall consist of the composite sample (see A.4.1 and A.4.2.1) and a set of 
test sample (see A.4.1 and A.4.2.2) marked for this purpose and shall bear the seals of the purchaser 
and the vendor. These shall be kept at a place agreed to between the purchaser and the vendor and 
shall be used in case of a dispute between the two. 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
20 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  
Annex B 
(normative) 
 
Chemical components 
 
B.1 Loss of ignition  
 
B.1.1  Procedure  — The test procedure for loss on ignition shall be as follows: 
 
(a) Weigh to the nearest milligram 1g of the rough ground test sample prepared as described in 
Clause 15.1. Heat it to constant mass at a tem perature between 900 °C and 1000 °C in a tared 
platinum crucible of 20 ml to 30 ml capacity covere d with a well fitting lid.  Allow 20 min for the initial 
heating period and 5 min for subsequent period.  
(b) After each heating coo1 it on a copper block in an efficient desiccator and weigh it as rapidly 
as possible to the nearest milligram.  
B.1.2 Calculation 
 
To report the results of the analysis of quick-lime on an ignited basis, the mass of the test portion in 
the determination of chemical constituents shall be multiplied by the factor: 
 
mxm -  
 
Where, 
 
m = mass of the test portion in the loss on ignition measure; and 
 
x = loss in mass of the test portion. 
 
B.2 Determination of available lime  (as CaO)  
 
Two methods have been described for the determination of available lime. For routine analysis, the 
iodine method prescribed in B.2.1 may be used but in case of dispute, the sugar method prescribed in B.2.2 shall be used. 
 
B.2.1 Iodine method  
 
B.2.1.1  Reagents  
 
B.2.1.1.1 Standard Sodium Thiosulphate Solution  — 0.1 recently standardized. 
 
B.2.1.1.2 Standard Iodine Solution  — 0.1 M recently standardized against standard sodium 
thiosulphate solution. 
 
B.2.1.1.3 Starch Indicator Solution - Triturate   — Grind 5 g of starch and 0.01g of mercuric iodide 
with 30 ml of cold water and slowly pour it, with stirring into 1 litre of boiling water.  Boil for 3 min, 
allow the solution to cool and decant off the supernatant clear liquid. 
 
B.2.1.1.4 Distilled water shall be free from carbon dioxide. 
 
B.2.1.2  Procedure 
 
Weigh accurately about 1 g of the material into a glass-stoppered conical flask and add about 30 ml of 
boiling water. Shake for 5 min to 10 min. Cool the solution and add an amount of iodine solution 
sufficient to provide an excess of about 5 ml and stir occasionally until the lime has gone in solution.  
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  21 Any insoluble silica present is easily distinguished from the milky-appearing lime. When the solution of 
lime is complete (about 10 min are required), dilute the solution in a vitric flask to 500 ml.  Pipette out 
25 ml of the solution and titrate the excess iodine with standard sodium thiosulphate solution, adding 
starch indicator towards the end of the titration. Carry out a blank determination using exactly the s 
amount of iodine solution as with the, sample. 
 
B.2.1.3 Calculation 
 
Available lime (as CaO), per cent by mass 
mMVV  ) - ( 56.08 2 1=  
 
where;  
 
V1 = volume in ml of standard sodium  thiosulphate used in the blank; 
 
V2 = volume in ml of standard so dium thiosulphate solution and 
 
M = molarity of standard sodi um thiosulphate solution; and 
 
m = mass in g of the material taken for the test. 
 
B.2.2 Sugar method  
 
B.2.2.1 Reagents  
 
B.2.2.1.1 Rectified Spirit  
 
B.2.2.1.2 Standard Hydrochloric Acid  — 0.1 M. 
 
B.2.2.1.3 Standard Sodium Hydroxide Solution  — 0.1 M. 
 
B.2.2.1.4 Sugar Solution — Approximately 15 %, m/v in carbon dioxide, free water. 
 
B.2.2.1.5 Phenolphthalein Indicator Solution — Dissolve 0.5 g of phenolphthalein in 100 ml  of 
rectified spirit. 
 
B.2.2.2 Procedure  — Weigh accurately about 1 g of the finely powdered material into a 500 ml 
volumetric flask and wet it with the minimum amount of rectified spirit. Shake with about 400 ml of 
sugar solution for 3 h. make up volume to the work. Filter through a course dry filter paper (Whatman No. 40 or its equivalent) into a dry flask. Discard the first 25 of the filtrate. Pipette out 50 from the 
filtrate into another flask to which 50 ml of standard hydrochloric acid is added and titrate with 
standard sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as indicator.  
B.2.2.2.1 Run a blank using 50 ml  of sugar solution and 50 ml of standard hydrochloric acid. 
 
B.2.2.3  Calculation — Available lime (as CaO), per cent by mass 
 
mMBA  ) - ( 28.04=  
 
Where, 
 
A = volume in ml of standard sodium hydroxide solution used in the blank; 
 
B = volume in ml of standard sodium hydroxide solution used with the material; 
M =  molarity of standard sodium hydroxide solution; and  
 
m= mass in g of the material taken for the test. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
22 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved B.3 Determination of magnesium oxide  — Methods 
 
Two methods have been prescribed, namely Method A and Method B. Method A is the classical 
method and Method B is the complexometric method; however, in case of dispute, Method A shall be 
followed.  
 
B.3.1 Method A  
 
B.3.1.1 Reagents  
 
(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid  —Approximately 4 M. 
 
(b) Dilute ammonium hydroxide  — Approximately 1:2. 
 
(c) Dianium hydrogen phosphate Solution , approximately 25 per cent (m/v). 
 
(d) Rectified spirit  
 
B3.1.2 Procedure   — Acidify  the filtrate set apart from under Clause B.3.2.1.2 (or the combined 
filtrate, in case of a magnesium lime, see Clause B.3.2.1.3) with dilute hydrochloric acid and 
evaporate until the salts begin to crystallize. Dilute until the salts are again in solution. Add a volume 
of dilute ammonium hydroxide equal to a third of the volume of the solution. Chill the solution and 
slowly with constant stirring 10 ml and of diammoni um hydrogen phosphate solution. Let it stand until 
the precipitation is complete. Four hours are usual, but if possible it is best to let the solution stand 
overnight. If the analysis is urgent, stir for a half  an hour and the precipitation will be complete. Filter 
through a weighed Gooch crucible (previously ignite) and wash with a mixture of 1 part dilute aqueous ammonia solution, 1 part rectified spirit and 3 parts wate r. Dry at 105 °C in an air oven, char the filter 
paper by gentle heating over a low flare and then slowly increase the flame and finish by heating at 
900 °C to 950 °C till the precipitate is almost whit e, indicating that the salt has been converted to 
magnesium pyrophosphate. 
 
Cool in a desiccator and weigh. 
 
B.3.1.3 Calculation  
 
Magnesium oxide (as MgO), per cent by mass 
21181.2 
mm=  
 
where, 
m1 = mass in g of magnesium pyrophosphate; and 
 
m2 = Mass in g of the material taken for the test in B.6.2. 
 
 
B3. 2 Method B 
 
B3.2.1  Reagents  
 
B3.2.1.1 Buffer Solution  — Standard potassium permanganate solution. 
 
B3.2.1.2 Eriochrome Black T Indicator  — Dissolve 0.1 g of the dye in 20 ml of methanol. This 
solution shall be prepared freshly every week.  
B3.2.1.3 Standard Sodium Ethylene diaminetetra-Acetate (EDTA)  Solution  — Weigh 7.44 g of 
sodium of ethylenediaminetetra-acetate dihydrate and dissolve in water. Make up the volume to 2 
litres.  Standardize the solution against standard calcium chloride solution according to the procedure 
given in B 3.2.1.4. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  23 m)mv  mV( 190 7 =
31 1 2 2B3.2.1.4 Standardization of Sodium Ethylenediaminetetra-Acetate (EDTA)  Solution  — 
Standardize as given below: 
 
(a) With Murexide Or Calcein Indicator  — Pipette out 50 ml of standard calcium chloride 
solution ( see Note 1 after (b)) in a 250-ml conical flask and add to it 1.0 ml of standard sodium 
hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the solution to about 12. 
  
Add 0.1 g to 0.2 g of murexide indicator ( see Note 2 after (b)) and titrate the solution against EDTA 
solution until the colour ch anges from pink to purple. 
 
(b) With Eriochrome Black T Indicator   — Pipette out 50 ml of standard calcium chloride 
solution ( see Note 1) in a 250ml conical flask and add 5 ml of buffer solution to adjust the pH of the 
solution to approximately 10.  Add 5 drops of uriochrome black T indicator and titrate against standard 
EDTA solution until the wine red colour changes to pure blue. (The volume of the solution to be 
titrated against standard EDTA solution shall be approx imately 50 ml of it is required for the titration.) 
 
NOTE 1 The aliquot for titration shall be pH 7 so that by adding standard sodium hydroxide or buffer solution the desired pH 
can be adjusted in the solution. 
 NOTE 2 If indicator is to be used in place of murexide indicator, add 0.07 g of calcein. The colour change in this case shall b e 
from greenish yellow fluorescence to brown. 
 
B3.2.1.5 Prepared Sample Solution  — Dissolve about 2.5 g of the material, accurately weighed, in 
a limited quantity of concentrated hydrochloric  acid and make up the volume to 1 litre. 
 
B3.2.2 Procedure  
 
B3.2.2.1 Pipette out 10 ml of prepared sample solution (see B.3.2.1.5) in a 250 ml conical flask and 
dilute with 40 ml of water. 
 
Add 1.5 ml of standard sodium hydroxide solution fo llowed by a small quantity (0.1 g to 0.2 g) of 
murexide indicator (or 0.07 g of calceiun indicator). Titrate against standard EDTA solution till the 
colour changes from wine red to purple. 
 
(In the case of calcium indicator the colour change will be from greenish fluorescence to brown.) Note the burette reading and record the volume of EDTA used as V
1 
 
B3.1.2.2 Pipette out another 10 ml of the prepared sample solution (see B.3.2.1.5) in a 250-ml conical 
flask and dilute with 35 ml of water. Add 5 ml of buffer solution and 5 drops of eriochrome black T indicator. Titrate against standard EDTA solution till the wine red colour of the solution changes to 
blue.  
B3.2.3  Calculation 
 —Magnesium oxide (as mgO), per cent by mass 
 
 
  
where 
V2  = volume in ml of standard EDTA solution used in B.3.2.2.2 
 
m2 = mass in g of calcium oxide equivalent to one millilitre of standard ETA solution as 
obtained in B3.2.1.4 (b);  
v1 = vol in id of standard EDTA solution used in B.3.2. 2. 1; 
 
m I = mass in g of calcium oxide equivalent to one litre of standard ETA solution as obtained 
in B.3.2.1.4 (a); and 
 
m3 = mass in g of the material taken in B.3.2.11.5. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
24 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved B.4 Carbon dioxide  
 
B4.1 BARYTA METHOD 
 
B4.1.1 Principle of Method — The carbon dioxide is absorbed in excess barium hydroxide.  After 
careful neutralization of the excess barium hydroxide, the barium carbonate is dissolved in a 
measured amount of standard hydrochloric acid and the excess acid is back titrated with sodium 
hydroxide. 
 
B4.1.2 Apparatus   — The apparatus used is shown in Figure 7. Joints shall be ground glass or well-
fitting rubber stoppers except as otherwise stated.  The stopcock tube shall be cut off short and have 
piece of rubber sleeve inserted so that an airtight seal with pipette tip can be made. 
 
Flexible heavy wall rubber tube shall be used to join the two flasks to eliminate strain. 
 
B4.1.3 Reagents  
 
(a) Water   — Carbon dioxide-free water shall be used throughout this test and for the preparation 
of solutions used in the test. 
 
(b)  Hydrochloric acid, standard solution   —Approximately 0.1 M. 
 
(c) Hydrochloric acid,  dilute 1:2   — Add 1 volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid to 2 
volumes of water.  Boil expels carbon dioxide.  
(d) Sodium hydroxide — Approximately 0.1 M solution. 
 
(e) Barium hydroxide —Approximately 0.05 solution. 
 
Note: This solution shall be stored in a bottle fitted with an automatic pipetter and air inlet protected 
by a soda: lime tube and any settled barium carbonate shall not be disturbed (see Figure 7). 
 
(f)  Methyl and indicator solution  — 0.1 % ( m/m) or bromophenol blue indicator solution 0.1 
per cent ( m/m) . 
 
(g) Phenolphthalein indicator solution  — 0.1 % (m/m)  in 70 % ethyl alcohol/water solution.   
 
B4.1.4 Procedure — The test procedure shall be as follows: 
 
a) Weigh the evolution flask (A) to the nearest milligram.  
Introduce into it approximately 1 g of the test sample prepared as described in Clause A4.  
Reweigh the flask to the nearest milligram and calculate the sample mass.  Wash down the flask with a little water. 
 
b) Introduce approximately 0.5 ml phenolphthalein indicator into the absorption flask (B).  
c) Assemble the apparatus as in Figure 7. 
 d) Charge the burette with the standard solution of hydrochloric acid and the funnel (C) with 10 
ml of the dilute hydrochloric acid (1.2). 
 e) Evacuate the apparatus through the stopcock (D) and then close it.  
f) Insert the tip of the automatic pipette into the rubber sleeve of the stopcock and by carefully 
opening both stopcock, allow approximately 50 ml of the barium hydroxide solution to enter.  Close the stopcock before all the liquid is drawn in, to prevent air from entering. 
 
g) Remove the automatic pipette and from ordinary pipette, in a similar manner introduce about 
5 ml of water to flush the tube. 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  25  
h) Start the stirrer and run the acid from the funnel into the evolution flask (A) again leaving 
liquid to form a seal to prevent air from entering. 
 
i) Gently heat the evolution flask (A) until the liquid boils and starts to condense in the side 
arm.  Allow the flask to cool. 
 
j) Carry out this heating and cooling cycle three times.  
k) Carefully run in acid from the burette until the pink colour of the liquid in the absorption flask 
is fading out.  The pink colour shall not be completely discharged. 
 
l) Carefully open the stopcock to allow air to enter, rapidly, disassemble the apparatus and 
wash down the lower section of the branch (E) and the flask (B) with a little water. 
 m) Continue the acid addition drop-by-drop until the pink coloration disappears.  Re-charge the 
burette and run in an additional 40.0 ml. 
 n) Remove the burette and gently heat the absorption flask (B) until the liquid starts to boil. 
 
o) Add 10 drops of methyl red or bromophenol indicator to the liquid and wash down the flask 
with a little water. 
 
p) Titrate with sodium hydroxide solution until a yellow colour appears.  
q) Record the titre. 
 r) Conduct a blank determination following the same procedure but without the presence of the 
sample. 
 
B.4.1.5 Calculation  
 
Let  
 
A = number of ml sodium hydroxide used in the sample analysis; 
 
B = number of sodium hydroxide used in the blank determination. 
 
Then the hydrochloric acid used to dissolve the barium carbonate is equivalent to: 
 
The percentage of carbon dioxide = mL   40  x  )  -  (
BAB  
 
The percentage of carbon dioxide 
mM
BAB100  x  0.022  x   x 40  x  )  -   ( =  
 
where,  
M = molarity of the hydrochloric acid standard solution; 
 m = mass of the test portion corrected to an ignited basis, is appropriate. 
 
B.4.2 Schroetter method 
 
B.4.2.1  Principle of the method   
 
The san-sample is treated with hydrochloric acid and the carbonate content determined by the loss of 
the n-ass of the sample due to the evolution of carbon dioxide. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
26 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved B4.2.2  Apparatus — The apparatus used is the schroetter alkimeter shown in Figure 8. 
 
B4.2.3 Procedure —The test procedure shall be as follows: 
 
a) Remove the drying bulb (A) at the ground-glass joint (E).  
b) Weigh to the nearest milligram 2 of the test sample prepared as described in Clause A4 and 
introduce it into the reaction vessel by means of a small funnel. 
 
c) Fill drying bulb (A) to 2 mm to 3 mm above inner orifice with sulphuric acid and replace into 
the ground-glass joint (E). 
 
d) Close the stopcock (S) fill the bulb (B) with hydrochloric acid and fit it into the ground glass 
joint (D). 
 
e) Insert the stoppers (V) and (C) and allow the apparatus to achieve constant temperature. 
 
f) Weigh the apparatus to the nearest milligram. 
 
g) Open the stopcock (S) and allow the acid to enter the reaction chamber at a rate of not more 
than 2 ml/min. 
 
h) When the reaction is completed, aspirate a slow current of air through the system by 
applying light suction to the stopper (V) above the drying bulb. At the sample time warm the 
base of the vessel and cool it back to ambient temperature, by immersing it, successively in 
water at 70 °C for 5 min and at 20 °C for 10 min. 
 
i) When the vessel has cooled to ambient temperature dry it carefully and weigh it to the 
nearest milligram. 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  27 
 
 
Figure 7 — Apparatus for the determination of carbon dioxide-baryta method 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
28 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved 
 
 
Figure 8 — Apparatus for the determination of carbon dioxide — Schroetter Alkimeter method 
ground joints 
 
B4.2.4 Calculation 
 
The percentage of carbon dioxide  
m AB 100 x   - =  
 
Where,  
B = initial mass of the alkimeter plus test portion; 
 
A = final mass of the alkimeter plus test portion; and 
 m = mass of the test portion corrected to an ignited basis, if appropriate ( see Clause B.1.2). 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved  29  
Annex C 
(Informative) 
 
Lime test certificate 
 
Date:…………………… Certificate No. …… ………Manufactured by ……………………………………………… 
Place of manufacture ………………………………. Month and year of manufacture …………………………….. 
Identification of samp le …………………………….  Submitted for test by  ………………………………………… 
Sample drawn by …………………………………… at ……………… on ………………………. 19 ………….…... 
The lime was sampled and tested according to the methods described in the Kenya Standard, specification and 
methods of test for building limes. 
 
SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS 
DESCRIPTION OF TEST RANGE Quicklime Hydrated 
lime Plaster 
finishing 
lime Result
s 
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS       
Fineness      
Residue on 250-micron sieve max. – 2.0 %  1.0 %  
Total residue on 75-micron sieve max. – – 10.0 %  
Residue on slaking      
Residue on 850-micron sieve max. 15.0 % – –  
Soundness      
Pat test-pops or pits – – None None  
Alteration of form – – – –  
Le Chatelier  expansion max. – 10 mm 10 mm  
Autoclave-expansion due to lime max. – 1 % 1 %  
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 
 
Available lime      
(calculated as calcium oxide) min. 4.0 % – –  
Available lime      
(calculated as calcium 
hydroxide) min. – 70.0 % 70.0 %  
Magnesium Oxide      
High calcium lime max. 5.0 % 4.5 % 4.5 %  
Magnesium lime min. 5.0 % 4.5 % 4.5 %  
Carbon dioxide      
Baryta-exwork max. 6.5 % 5.0 % 5.0 %  
Elsewhere max. 9.0 % 7.0 % 7.0 %  
Schrotter alkimeter      
Exworks max. 6.5 % 5.0 % 5.0 %  
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
30 © EAC 2000 — All rights reserved Elsewhere max. 9.0 % 7.0 % 7.0 %  
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEWEAS 73:2000  
© EAC 2000 — All rights reserved    
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
STANDARD FOR PUBLIC REVIEW