25170 Federal Register / Vol. 87, No. 82 / Thursday, April 28, 2022 / Proposed Rules 
TABLE 3 TOPARAGRAPH (e)— 
Continued 
Age Male Female 
15 ...................... 0.00012 0.00006 
16 ...................... 0.00015 0.00006 
17 ...................... 0.00017 0.00007 
18 ...................... 0.00020 0.00007 
19 ...................... 0.00024 0.00007 
20 ...................... 0.00026 0.00007 
21 ...................... 0.00026 0.00007 
22 ...................... 0.00027 0.00008 
23 ...................... 0.00027 0.00009 
24 ...................... 0.00028 0.00010 
25 ...................... 0.00029 0.00010 
26 ...................... 0.00030 0.00011 
27 ...................... 0.00032 0.00012 
28 ...................... 0.00033 0.00012 
29 ...................... 0.00035 0.00013 
30 ...................... 0.00037 0.00014 
31 ...................... 0.00038 0.00015 
32 ...................... 0.00040 0.00016 
33 ...................... 0.00043 0.00018 
34 ...................... 0.00045 0.00018 
35 ...................... 0.00048 0.00020 
36 ...................... 0.00051 0.00022 
37 ...................... 0.00053 0.00024 
38 ...................... 0.00055 0.00026 
39 ...................... 0.00058 0.00028 
40 ...................... 0.00059 0.00029 
41 ...................... 0.00061 0.00031 
42 ...................... 0.00063 0.00033 
43 ...................... 0.00065 0.00035 
44 ...................... 0.00067 0.00037 
45 ...................... 0.00069 0.00039 
46 ...................... 0.00073 0.00042 
47 ...................... 0.00078 0.00046 
48 ...................... 0.00083 0.00049 
49 ...................... 0.00088 0.00053 
50 ...................... 0.00097 0.00059 
51 ...................... 0.00106 0.00065 
52 ...................... 0.00118 0.00074 
53 ...................... 0.00132 0.00084 
54 ...................... 0.00148 0.00094 
55 ...................... 0.00176 0.00113 
56 ...................... 0.00217 0.00140 
57 ...................... 0.00254 0.00161 
58 ...................... 0.00296 0.00188 
59 ...................... 0.00342 0.00218 
60 ...................... 0.00396 0.00254 
61 ...................... 0.00456 0.00294 
62 ...................... 0.00539 0.00354 
63 ...................... 0.00623 0.00418 
64 ...................... 0.00693 0.00476 
65 ...................... 0.00779 0.00555 
66 ...................... 0.00874 0.00640 
67 ...................... 0.00972 0.00717 
68 ...................... 0.01081 0.00798 
69 ...................... 0.01201 0.00893 
70 ...................... 0.01337 0.01002 
71 ...................... 0.01490 0.01130 
72 ...................... 0.01663 0.01276 
73 ...................... 0.01858 0.01442 
74 ...................... 0.02081 0.01636 
75 ...................... 0.02336 0.01858 
76 ...................... 0.02629 0.02115 
77 ...................... 0.02966 0.02406 
78 ...................... 0.03353 0.02736 
79 ...................... 0.03796 0.03106 
80 ...................... 0.04313 0.03557 
81 ...................... 0.04868 0.04000 
82 ...................... 0.05503 0.04498 
83 ...................... 0.06223 0.05058 
84 ...................... 0.07040 0.05694 
85 ...................... 0.07967 0.06416 TABLE 3 TOPARAGRAPH (e)— 
Continued 
Age Male Female 
86 ...................... 0.09014 0.07229 
87 ...................... 0.10191 0.08147 
88 ...................... 0.11507 0.09197 
89 ...................... 0.12960 0.10372 
90 ...................... 0.14540 0.11681 
91 ...................... 0.16201 0.13032 
92 ...................... 0.17900 0.14437 
93 ...................... 0.19623 0.15892 
94 ...................... 0.21351 0.17370 
95 ...................... 0.23063 0.18881 
96 ...................... 0.24879 0.20508 
97 ...................... 0.26725 0.22194 
98 ...................... 0.28591 0.23947 
99 ...................... 0.30502 0.25760 
100 .................... 0.32431 0.27640 
101 .................... 0.34372 0.29564 
102 .................... 0.36307 0.31511 
103 .................... 0.38223 0.33471 
104 .................... 0.40097 0.35426 
105 .................... 0.41863 0.37356 
106 .................... 0.43581 0.39243 
107 .................... 0.45234 0.41085 
108 .................... 0.46796 0.42844 
109 .................... 0.48288 0.44529 
110 .................... 0.49240 0.46134 
111 .................... 0.49374 0.47665 
112 .................... 0.49507 0.49112 
113 .................... 0.49651 0.49746 
114 .................... 0.49795 0.49840 
115 .................... 0.49930 0.49950 
116 .................... 0.49960 0.49975 
117 .................... 0.49980 0.49985 
118 .................... 0.49995 0.50000 
119 .................... 0.50000 0.50000 
120 .................... 1.00000 1.00000 
(f) Applicability date. This section 
applies for plan years beginning on or 
after January 1, 2023. 
■Par. 3. Section 1.431(c)(6)–1 is revised 
to read as follows: 
§ 1.431(c)(6)–1 Mortality tables used to 
determine current liability. 
(a) Mortality tables used to determine 
current liability. In accordance with 
section 431(c)(6)(D), the mortality assumptions that apply to a single- employer defined benefit plan for the plan year pursuant to sections 430(h)(3)(A) and 430(h)(3)(D) and §§ 1.430(h)(3)–1(a)(1) and (a)(2)(ii) are used to determine a multiemployer plan’s current liability for purposes of applying the rules of section 431(c)(6). For purposes of this paragraph (a), either the generational mortality tables used pursuant to § 1.430(h)(3)–1(b) or the static mortality tables used pursuant to § 1.430(h)(3)–1(c) are permitted to be used without regard to whether the plan is a small plan. However, substitute mortality tables under §§ 1.430(h)(3)– 1(a)(2)(i) and 1.430(h)(3)–2 are not permitted to be used for purposes of this paragraph (a). (b) Applicability date. This section 
applies for plan years beginning on or after January 1, 2023. 
■Par. 4. Section 1.433(h)(3)–1 is 
revised to read as follows: 
§ 1.433(h)(3)–1 Mortality tables used to 
determine current liability. 
(a) Mortality tables used to determine 
current liability. In accordance with 
section 433(h)(3)(B), the mortality assumptions that apply to a single- employer defined benefit plan for the plan year pursuant to sections 430(h)(3)(A) and 430(h)(3)(D) and §§ 1.430(h)(3)–1(a)(1) and (a)(2)(ii) are used to determine a cooperative and small-employer charity (CSEC) plan’s current liability under section 433(h). For purposes of this paragraph (a), either the generational mortality tables used pursuant to § 1.430(h)(3)–1(b) or the static mortality tables used pursuant to § 1.430(h)(3)–1(c) are permitted to be used without regard to whether the plan is a small plan. However, substitute mortality tables under §§ 1.430(h)(3)– 1(a)(2)(i) and 1.430(h)(3)–2 are not permitted to be used for purposes of this paragraph (a). 
(b) Applicability date. This section 
applies for plan years beginning on or after January 1, 2023. 
Douglas W. O’Donnell, 
Deputy Commissioner for Services and 
Enforcement. 
[FR Doc. 2022–06330 Filed 4–27–22; 8:45 am] 
BILLING CODE 4830–01–P 
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
AGENCY 
40 CFR Part 51 
[EPA–HQ–OAR–2021–0420; FRL–8371–02– 
OAR] 
RIN 2060–AV24 
Air Quality: Revision to the Regulatory 
Definition of Volatile Organic Compounds—Exclusion of (2E)- 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (HFO- 1336mzz(E)) 
AGENCY : Environmental Protection 
Agency (EPA). 
ACTION : Proposed rule. 
SUMMARY : The U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to revise the EPA’s regulatory definition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) under the Clean Air Act (CAA). This action proposes to add (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4- hexafluorobut-2-ene (also known as trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene, and HFO-1336mzz(E); CAS number 66711–86–2) to the list of compounds 
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excluded from the regulatory definition 
on the basis that this compound makes a negligible contribution to tropospheric ozone (O
3) formation. 
DATES : Comments must be received on 
or before June 27, 2022. 
ADDRESSES : You may send comments, 
identified by Docket ID No. EPA–HQ– OAR–2021–0420, by any of the following methods: 
•Federal eRulemaking Portal: 
https://www.regulations.gov/ (our 
preferred method). Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. 
•Mail: U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, EPA Docket Center, Docket No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2021–0420, Office of Air and Radiation Docket, Mail Code 28221T, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460. 
•Hand Delivery or Courier (by 
scheduled appointment only): EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004. The Docket Center’s hours of operations are 8:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m., Monday–Friday (except Federal Holidays). 
Instructions: All submissions received 
must include the Docket ID No. for this rulemaking. Comments received may be posted without change to https://www.regulations.gov/, including any 
personal information provided. For detailed instructions on sending comments and additional information on the rulemaking process, see the ‘‘Public Participation’’ heading of the 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of 
this document. Out of an abundance of caution for members of the public and our staff, the EPA Docket Center and Reading Room are open to the public by appointment only to reduce the risk of transmitting COVID–19. Our Docket Center staff also continues to provide remote customer service via email, phone, and webform. Hand deliveries 
and couriers may be received by scheduled appointment only. For further information on EPA Docket Center services and the current status, please visit us online at https://www.epa.gov/dockets. 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : Dr. 
Souad Benromdhane, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Health and Environmental Impacts Division, Mail Code C539–07, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone: (919) 541– 4359; fax number: (919) 541–5315; email address: benromdhane.souad@epa.gov. 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : 
General Information 
Written comments: Submit your 
comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2021–0420, at https://www.regulations.gov (our preferred 
method), or the other methods identified in the 
ADDRESSES section. 
Once submitted, comments cannot be edited or removed from the docket. The EPA may publish any comment received to its public docket. Do not submit to EPA’s docket at https://www.regulations.gov any information 
you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA will generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of the primary submission (i.e., on the web, cloud, or 
other file sharing system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit https://www.epa.gov/dockets/ commenting-epa-dockets. 
Due to public health concerns related 
to COVID–19, the EPA Docket Center and Reading Room are open to the public by appointment only. Our Docket Center staff also continues to provide remote customer service via email, phone, and webform. Hand deliveries or couriers will be received by scheduled appointment only. For further information and updates on EPA Docket Center services, please visit us online at https://www.epa.gov/dockets. 
The EPA continues to monitor 
information carefully and continuously from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), local area health departments, and our Federal partners so that we can respond rapidly as conditions change regarding COVID–19. 
Table of Contents 
I. Does this action apply to me? 
II. Background 
A. The EPA’s VOC Exemption Policy B. Petition To List HFO-1336mzz(E) as an 
Exempt Compound 
III. The EPA’s Assessment of the Petition 
A. Contribution to Tropospheric Ozone 
Formation 
B. Potential Impacts on Other 
Environmental Endpoints 
1. Contribution to Stratospheric Ozone 
Depletion 
2. Toxicity 3. Contribution to Climate Change C. Conclusions 
IV. Proposed Action V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews 
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory 
Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review 
B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 
(UMRA) 
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation 
and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments 
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of 
Children From Environmental Health and Safety Risks 
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions 
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use 
I. National Technology Transfer and 
Advancement Act (NTTAA) 
J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions 
To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations 
K. Judicial Review 
VI. References 
I. Does this action apply to me? 
Entities potentially affected by this 
proposed rule include, but are not 
necessarily limited to, the following: State and local air pollution control agencies that adopt and implement regulations to control air emissions of VOC; and industries manufacturing and/or using HFO-1336mzz(E) for use in foam blowing, refrigeration, as well as applications in solvents and aerosol propellants, and other minor uses. Potential entities that may be affected by this action include the following: 
TABLE 1—P OTENTIALLY AFFECTED ENTITIES BY NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (NAICS) C ODE 
Category NAICS code Description of regulated entities 
Industry ...................................... 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing. 
Industry ...................................... 333242 Semiconductor Machinery Manufacturing. 
Industry ...................................... 325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing. 
Industry ...................................... 326140 Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing. 
Industry ...................................... 326150 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing. 
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1Interim Guidance on Control of Volatile Organic 
Compounds in Ozone State Implementation Plans, 
2005, US Environmental Protection Agency, Document # 05–18015 (70 FR 54046). And could be found at this link: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/ pkg/FR-2005-09-13/pdf/05-18015.pdf. TABLE 1—P OTENTIALLY AFFECTED ENTITIES BY NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (NAICS) C ODE— 
Continued 
Category NAICS code Description of regulated entities 
Industry ...................................... 333415 Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration 
Equipment Manufacturing. 
Industry ...................................... 3363 Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing. 
Industry ...................................... 336611 Ship Building and Repairing. 
Industry ...................................... 336612 Boat Building. 
Industry ...................................... 339999 All other Miscellaneous Manufacturing. 
This table is not intended to be 
exhaustive but rather provides a guide 
for readers regarding entities that might be affected by this deregulatory action. This table lists the types of entities that the EPA is now aware of that could potentially be affected to some extent by this action. Other types of entities not listed in the table could also be affected to some extent. To determine whether your entity is directly or indirectly affected by this action, you should consult your state or local air pollution control and/or air quality management agencies. 
II. Background A. The EPA’s VOC Exemption Policy 
Tropospheric O
3, commonly known 
as smog, is formed when VOC and 
nitrogen oxides (NO X) react in the 
atmosphere in the presence of sunlight. Because of the harmful health effects of O
3, the EPA and state governments limit 
the amount of VOC that can be released into the atmosphere. Volatile organic compounds form O
3through 
atmospheric photochemical reactions, and different VOC have different levels of reactivity. That is, different VOC do not react to form O
3at the same speed 
or form different amounts of O 3. Some 
VOC react more slowly or form less O 3; 
therefore, changes in their emissions have limited effects on local or regional O
3pollution episodes. It has been the 
EPA’s policy since 1971 that certain organic compounds with a negligible level of reactivity should be excluded from the regulatory definition of VOC to focus VOC control efforts on compounds that significantly affect O
3 
concentrations. The EPA also believes that exempting such compounds creates an incentive for industry to use negligibly reactive compounds in place of more highly reactive compounds that are regulated as VOC. The EPA lists compounds that it has determined to be negligibly reactive in its regulations as being excluded from the regulatory definition of VOC (40 CFR 51.100(s)). 
The CAA requires the regulation of 
VOC for various purposes. Section 302(s) of the CAA specifies that the EPA has the authority to define the meaning 
of ‘‘VOC’’ and, hence, what compounds shall be treated as VOC for regulatory purposes. The policy of excluding negligibly reactive compounds from the regulatory definition of VOC was first laid out in the ‘‘Recommended Policy on Control of Volatile Organic Compounds’’ (42 FR 35314, July 8, 1977) (‘‘1977 Recommended Policy’’) and was supplemented subsequently with the ‘‘Interim Guidance on Control of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ozone State Implementation Plans’’ (70 FR 54046, September 13, 2005) (‘‘2005 Interim Guidance’’). The EPA uses the reactivity of ethane as the threshold for determining whether a compound has negligible reactivity. Compounds that are less reactive than, or equally reactive to, ethane under certain assumed conditions may be deemed negligibly reactive and, therefore, suitable for exemption from the regulatory definition of VOC. Compounds that are more reactive than ethane continue to be considered VOC for regulatory 
purposes and, therefore, are subject to control requirements. The selection of ethane as the threshold compound was based on a series of smog chamber experiments that underlay the 1977 Recommended Policy. 
The EPA has used three different 
metrics to compare the reactivity of a specific compound to that of ethane: (i) The rate constant for reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH) (known as k
OH); 
(ii) the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) on a reactivity per unit mass basis; and (iii) the MIR expressed on a reactivity per mole basis. Differences between these three metrics are discussed below. 
The k
OHis the rate constant of the 
reaction of the compound with the OH radical in the air. This reaction is often, but not always, the first and rate- limiting step in a series of chemical reactions by which a compound breaks down in the air and contributes to O
3 
formation. If this step is slow, the compound will likely not form O
3at a 
very fast rate. The k OHvalues have long 
been used by the EPA as metrics of photochemical reactivity and O
3- forming activity, and they were the basis 
for most of the EPA’s early exemptions of negligibly reactive compounds from the regulatory definition of VOC. The k
OHmetric is inherently a molar-based 
comparison, i.e., it measures the rate at 
which molecules react. 
The MIR, both by mole and by mass, 
is a more updated metric of photochemical reactivity derived from a computer-based photochemical model, and it has been used as a metric of reactivity since 1995. This metric considers the complete O
3-forming 
activity of a compound over multiple hours and through multiple reaction pathways, not merely the first reaction step with OH. Further explanation of the MIR metric can be found in Carter (1994). 
The EPA has considered the choice 
between MIRs with a molar or mass basis for the comparison to ethane in past rulemakings and guidance. In the 2005 Interim Guidance, the EPA stated: 
[A] comparison to ethane on a mass basis strikes the right balance between a threshold that is low enough to capture compounds that significantly affect ozone concentrations and a threshold that is high enough to exempt some compounds that may usefully substitute for more highly reactive compounds. 
When reviewing compounds that have 
been suggested for VOC-exempt status, EPA will continue to compare them to ethane using k
OHexpressed on a molar basis and 
MIR values expressed on a mass basis.1 
The 2005 Interim Guidance notes that 
the EPA will consider a compound to be negligibly reactive if it is equally as or less reactive than ethane based on either k
OHexpressed on a molar basis or MIR 
values expressed on a mass basis (70 FR 54046). 
The molar comparison of MIR is more 
consistent with the original smog 
chamber experiments, which compared equal molar concentrations of individual VOC, supporting the selection of ethane as the threshold, 
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2WMO, 2018. World Meteorological 
Organization, Scientific Assessment of Ozone 
Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and 
Monitoring Project—Report No. 58, 588 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. Available online at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/ SAP-2018-Assessment-report.pdf. while the mass-based comparison of 
MIR is consistent with how MIR values and other reactivity metrics are applied in reactivity-based emission limits. It is, however, important to note that the mass-based comparison is less restrictive than the molar-based comparison in that more compounds would qualify as negligibly reactive. 
Given the two goals of the exemption 
policy articulated in the 2005 Interim Guidance, the EPA believes that ethane continues to be an appropriate threshold for defining negligible reactivity. And, to encourage the use of environmentally beneficial substitutions, the EPA believes that a comparison to ethane on a mass basis strikes the right balance between a threshold that is low enough to capture compounds that significantly affect O
3concentrations and a threshold 
that is high enough to exempt some compounds that may usefully substitute for more highly reactive compounds. 
The 2005 Interim Guidance also noted 
that concerns have sometimes been raised about the potential impact of a VOC exemption on environmental endpoints other than O
3concentrations, 
including fine particle formation, air toxics exposures, stratospheric O
3 
depletion, and climate change. The EPA has recognized, however, that there are existing regulatory or non-regulatory programs that are specifically designed to address these issues, and the EPA continues to believe in general that the impacts of VOC exemptions on environmental endpoints other than O
3 
formation can be adequately addressed by these programs. The VOC exemption policy is intended to facilitate attainment of the O
3National Ambient 
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and VOC exemption decisions will continue to be based primarily on consideration of a compound’s contribution to O
3 
formation. However, if the EPA 
determines that a particular VOC exemption is likely to result in a significant increase in the use of a compound and that the increased use would pose a significant risk to human health or the environment that would not be addressed adequately by existing programs or policies, then the EPA may exercise its judgment accordingly in deciding whether to grant an exemption. 
B. Petition To List HFO-1336mzz(E) as 
an Exempt Compound 
The Chemours Company submitted a 
petition to the EPA on November 30, 2016, requesting that (2E)-1,1,1,4,4,4- hexafluorobut-2-ene (HFO-1336mzz(E); CAS number 66711–86–2) be exempted from the regulatory definition of VOC. The petition was based on the argument that HFO-1336mzz(E) has low reactivity (i.e., 0.011 g of O
3/g of HFO- 
1336mzz(E)) relative to the MIR of 
ethane (0.28 g O 3/g). The petitioner 
indicated that HFO-1336mzz(E) may be used in a variety of applications in foam expansion or blowing agents where it has significant performance and energy- saving advantages. Chemours has developed HFO-1336mzz(E) to support reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The global warming potentials GWP for HFO-1336mzz(E) are estimated as 26, 7, and 2 for time horizons of 20, 100, and 500 years, respectively as estimated by (Osterstrom et al., 2017). The World Meteorological Organization provided a 100-year GWP of 16 in its scientific assessment of O
3 
depletion under the global ozone research and monitoring project.
2 
Hence, HFO-1336mzz(E) can serve as a replacement for several higher global warming potential (>700 GWP) compounds for use in polyurethane rigid insulating foams, among others, many of which were removed from Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) acceptable lists beginning on January 1, 2017, or January 1, 2020. The Petitioner stated that manufacturers and formulators of polyurethane foams and refrigeration equipment need access to HFO-1336mzz(E) to meet VOC limits on their products without impairing performance. 
To support its petition, Chemours 
referenced several documents, including one peer-reviewed journal article on HFO-1336mzz(E) reaction rates (Osterstrom et al., 2017). Chemours also 
provided a supplemental technical report on the MIR of HFO-1336mzz(E) (Carter, 2011a). Per this report, the MIR of HFO-1336mzz(E) is 0.011 g O
3/g 
HFO-1336mzz(E) on the mass-based MIR scale. This reactivity rate is much lower than that of ethane (0.28 g O
3/g 
ethane). The reactivity rate k OHfor the 
gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with 
HFO-1336mzz(E) (k OH) has been 
measured to be 1.72 ± 0.42 × 10¥13 
centimeter (cm)3/molecule-seconds at 
∼300 degrees Kelvin (K) (Osterstrom et al., 2017). This k
OHrate is lower than 
that of ethane (k OHof ethane = 2.4 × 
10¥13cm3/molecule-sec at ∼298 K) even 
when uncertainty is considered and, therefore, suggests that HFO-1336mzz(E) is less or equally reactive than ethane. In most cases, chemicals with high k
OH 
values also have high MIR values, but for HFO-1336mzz(E), the products that are formed in subsequent reactions are expected to be poly fluorinated compounds, which do not contribute to O
3formation (Osterstrom et al., 2017; 
Carter 2011a). Based on the current scientific understanding of tetrafluoroalkene reactions in the atmosphere, it is unlikely that the actual O
3impact on a mass basis would equal 
or exceed that of ethane in the scenarios used to calculate VOC reactivity in Osterstrom et al. (2017), in line with 
Baasandorj et al. (2011) and Carter 
(2011a). 
To address the potential for 
stratospheric O
3impacts, the petitioner 
contended that, because the atmospheric lifetime of HFO- 1336mzz(E) due to loss by OH reaction was estimated to be relatively short and it does not contain chlorine or bromine, it is not expected to contribute to the depletion of the stratospheric O
3layer 
(Osterstrom et al., 2017; Baasandorj et 
al., 2011). 
III. The EPA’s Assessment of the 
Petition 
The EPA is proposing to respond to 
the petition to revise the EPA’s regulatory definition of VOC for exemption of HFO-1336mzz(E). This action is based on consideration of the compound’s low contribution to tropospheric O
3and the low likelihood 
of risk to human health or the environment, including stratospheric O
3 
depletion, toxicity, and climate change. Additional information on these topics is provided in the following sections. 
A. Contribution to Tropospheric Ozone 
Formation 
As noted in studies cited by the 
petitioner, HFO-1336mzz(E) has a MIR value of 0.011 g O
3/g VOC for ‘‘averaged 
conditions,’’ versus 0.28 g O 3/g VOC for 
ethane (Carter, 2011). Therefore, the EPA considers HFO-1336mzz(E) to be negligibly reactive and eligible for VOC- exempt status in accordance with the Agency’s long-standing policy that compounds should so qualify where either reactivity metric (k
OHexpressed 
on a molar basis or MIR expressed on a mass basis) indicates that the compound is less reactive than ethane. While the overall atmospheric reactivity of HFO-1336mzz(E) was not studied in an experimental smog chamber, the chemical mechanism derived from other chamber studies (Carter, 2011) was used to model the complete formation of O
3 
for an entire single day under realistic atmospheric conditions (Carter, 2011a). Therefore, the EPA believes that the MIR value calculated in the Carter study submitted by the petitioner is reliable as 
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3Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS– 
WEELs)- HFO-1336mzz(E), 2018: https://
www.tera.org/OARS/PDF_ documents/03_ trans-1-1- 
1-4-4-4-hexafluoro-2-butene-(hfo-1336mzz-e).pdf. 
4Trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO- 
1336mzz(E)) (2018). (2019). Toxicology and 
Industrial Health, 35(3), 204–210. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0748233719825529. it was supported by Osterstrom et al. 
(2017). Table 2 presents three reactivity 
metrics for HFO-1336mzz(E) as they 
compare to ethane. 
TABLE 2—R EACTIVITIES OF ETHANE AND HFO-1336 MZZ(E) 
Compound kOH 
(cm3/molecule-sec) Maximum 
incremental 
reactivity 
(MIR) 
(g O 3/mole 
VOC) Maximum 
incremental 
reactivity 
(MIR) 
(g O 3/g VOC) 
Ethane .......................................................................................................................... 2.4 × 10¥13 8.4 0.28 
HFO-1336mzz(E) ......................................................................................................... 1.72 × 10¥13 1.8 0.011 
Notes: 
kOHvalue at 298 K for ethane is from Atkinson et al. (2006; page 3626). 
kOHvalue at 300 K for HFO-1336mzz(E) is from Osterstrom (2017) and Baasandorj (2011). 
Mass-based MIR value (g O 3/g VOC) of ethane is from Carter (2011). 
Mass-based MIR value (g O 3/g VOC) of HFO-1336mzz(E) is from a supplemental report by Carter (2011a). 
Molar-based MIR (g O 3/mole VOC) values were calculated from the mass-based MIR (g O 3/g VOC) values using the number of moles per 
gram of the relevant organic compound. 
The reaction rate of HFO-1336mzz(E) 
with the OH radical (k OH) has been 
measured to be 1.72 × 10¥13cm3/ 
molecule-sec (Osterstrom et al., 2017); 
other reactions with O 3and the nitrate 
radical were negligibly small. The corresponding reaction rate of ethane with OH is 2.4 × 10
¥13cm3/molecule- 
sec (Atkinson et al., 2006). The data in Table 2 show that HFO-1336mzz(E) has a lower k
OHvalue than ethane, meaning 
that it initially reacts slower or as fast in the atmosphere as ethane. However, the resulting unsaturated fluorinated compounds in the atmosphere are short lived and react more slowly to form O
3 
(Osterstrom et al., 2017; Baasandorj et 
al., 2011). The mass-based MIR is 0.011 
g O 3/g VOC and much lower than that 
of ethane. 
A molecule of HFO-1336mzz(E) is 
much less reactive than a molecule of ethane in terms of complete O
3-forming 
activity, as shown by the molar-based MIR (g O
3/mole VOC) values. Likewise, 
one gram of HFO-1336mzz(E) has a lower capacity than one gram of ethane to form O
3in terms of a mass-based 
MIR. Thus, following the 2005 Interim Guidance, the EPA proposes to find HFO-1336mzz(E) to be eligible for exemption from the regulatory definition of VOC based on both the molar- and mass-based MIR. 
B. Potential Impacts on Other 
Environmental Endpoints 
The EPA’s proposed decision to 
exempt HFO-1336mzz(E) from the regulatory definition of VOC is based on our findings above. However, as noted in the 2005 Interim Guidance, the EPA reserves the right to exercise its judgment in certain cases where an exemption is likely to result in a significant increase in the use of a compound and a subsequent significantly increased risk to human health or the environment. In this case, the EPA does not find that exemption of HFO-1336mzz(E) would result in an increase of risk to human health or the environment, regarding stratospheric O
3 
depletion, toxicity, and climate change. Additional information on these topics is provided in the following sections. 
1. Contribution to Stratospheric Ozone 
Depletion 
The SNAP program is the EPA’s 
program to evaluate and regulate substitutes for end-uses historically using O
3-depleting chemicals. Under 
section 612(c) of the CAA, the EPA is required to identify and publish lists of acceptable and unacceptable substitutes for class I or class II O
3-depleting 
substances. Per the SNAP program findings, the ODP of HFO-1336mzz(E) is zero. The SNAP program has listed HFO-1336mzz(E) as an acceptable substitute for a number of foam-blowing end-uses provided in 85 FR 79863, December 11, 2020 (USEPA, 2020). 
HFO-1336mzz(E) is unlikely to 
contribute to the depletion of the stratospheric O
3layer. The O 3depletion 
potential (ODP) of HFO-1336mzz(E) is expected to be negligible based on several lines of evidence: the absence of chlorine or bromine in the compound and the atmospheric reactions described in Carter (2008). Because HFO- 1336mzz(E)’s atmospheric lifetime is short relative to the time scale for mixing within the troposphere, it will decay before it has a chance to reach the stratosphere and, thus, will not participate in O
3destruction. 
2. Toxicity 
Based on screening assessments of the 
health and environmental risks of HFO- 1336mzz(E), the SNAP program anticipated that users will be able to use the compound without significantly greater health risks than presented by the use of other available substitutes for the same end uses (USEPA, 2020). 
The EPA anticipates that HFO- 
1336mzz(E) will be used consistent with the recommendations specified in the manufacturer’s safety data sheet (SDS) (Chemours, 2016). According to the SDS, potential health effects from inhalation of HFO-1336mzz(E) include skin or eye irritation or frostbite. Exposure to high concentrations of HFO-1336mzz(E) from misuse or intentional inhalation abuse may cause irregular heartbeat. In addition, HFO- 1336mzz(E) could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a confined space. The Workplace Environmental Exposure Limit (WEEL) committee of the Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS) reviewed available animal toxicity data and recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 400 parts per million (ppm) (2680 mg/m
3)3time- 
weighted average (TWA) for an 8-hour workday, as later published in 2019 in Toxicology and Industrial Health (‘‘Trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- butene,’’ 2019).
4This WEEL was 
derived based on reduced male body weight gain in the 13-week rat inhalation toxicity study (TNO, 2016a, and TNO, 2016b), based on the point of departure of NOAEL of 7500 ppm. This was also the NOAEL for the developmental toxicity study where developmental effects were only 
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5https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2021- 
06-07/html/2021-11768.htm. 6https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ 
acs.est.0c06580. 
7UNEP, 2015. Environmental Effects Of Ozone 
Depletion And Its Interactions With Climate 
Change: 2014 Assessment of the Montreal Protocol. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi. This document accessible at: https://ozone.unep.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/eeap_report_ 2014.pdf. 
8UNEP, 2019. Environmental Effects and 
Interactions of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, UV Radiation, and Climate Change: 2018 Assessment Report of the Montreal Protocol. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi. This document accessible at: https://ozone.unep.org/ sites/default/files/2019-04/EEAP_ assessment- 
report-2018%20%282%29.pdf. 9IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: Chapter 8, 
Myhre, G., D. Shindell, F.-M. Bre ´on, W. Collins, J. 
Fuglestvedt, J. Huang, D. Koch, J.-F. Lamarque, D. Lee, B. Mendoza, T. Nakajima, A. Robock, G. Stephens, T. Takemura and H. Zhang, 2013: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ WG1AR5_ Chapter08_ FINAL.pdf. observed at maternally toxic levels. The 
EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the WEEL and address potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the SDS and other safety precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning industry. 
HFO-1336mzz(E) is not regulated as a 
hazardous air pollutant (HAP) under title I of the CAA. Also, it is not listed as a toxic chemical under section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). 
The Toxic Substances Control Act 
(TSCA) gives the EPA authority to assess and prevent potential unreasonable risks to human health and the environment before a new chemical substance is introduced into commerce. Section 5 of TSCA requires manufacturers and importers to notify the EPA before manufacturing or importing a nonexempt new chemical substance by submitting a Premanufacture Notice (PMN) prior to the manufacture (including import) of the chemical substance. Under the TSCA New Chemicals Program, the EPA then assesses whether an unreasonable risk may, or will, be presented by the expected manufacturing, processing, distribution in commerce, use, and disposal of the new substance. Based on its review of a PMN and a Significant New Use Notice (SNUN) for HFO- 1336mzz(E), the EPA has determined that use of HFO-1336mzz(E) in consumer products or use other than as described in the PMN and SNUN, may cause serious chronic health effects. To address concerns identified during the PMN review of HFO-1336mzz(E), the EPA issued a Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) under TSCA on May 16, 2016, to require submission of a SNUN to the EPA at least 90 days before manufacturing or processing of HFO- 1336mzz(E) for any uses in consumer products or any use other than as described in the PMN (81 FR 30451, 30462, May 16, 2016). The required notification will provide the EPA with the opportunity to evaluate the intended use before it occurs and, if necessary, to prohibit or limit that activity to protect against an unreasonable risk. The EPA received a SNUN for a significant new use of HFO-1336mzz(E) in 2017 and modified the SNUR in June 2021 based on its determination for the SNUN (86 FR 30210, 30215, June 7, 2021).
5The 
EPA, therefore, believes that existing programs address the risk of toxicity associated with the use of HFO- 
1336mzz(E). 
The EPA recognizes that both HFO- 
1336mmz(E) and its atmospheric 
breakdown product trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) are members of the broad class of compounds known as per- and poly- fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), even though they are not among the PFAS currently listed or targeted for specific Agency action. Many PFAS are highly mobile in various media, some are volatile and can be transported long distances in air and/or in water and widely distributed in the environment. Some studies suggest that PFAS emitted to air can result in human exposures in other media such as source/surface or drinking waters even though the emissions origin may be distant from receptor water bodies.
6Some PFAS are 
persistent in the environment and in the 
human body and can accumulate over time. There is evidence that exposure to certain PFAS can lead to adverse human health effects (e.g., low infant birth 
weights, immune system effects, cancer, and thyroid disruption). Numerous states have developed health-based (e.g., drinking water) standards for various PFAS. The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel for the Montreal Protocol (EEAP) has considered the 
production of TFA as a breakdown product of HFCs and HFOs and has found, ‘‘Projected future increased loadings of TFA to playas, land-locked lakes, and the oceans due to continued use of HCFCs, HFCs, and replacement products such as HFOs are still judged to present negligible risks for aquatic organisms and humans.’’
7In its most 
recent assessment report (2018 Assessment Report), EEAP found, ‘‘Overall, there is no new evidence that contradicts the conclusion of our previous Assessments that exposure to current and projected concentrations of salts of TFA in surface waters present a minimal risk to the health of humans and the environment.’’
8 3. Contribution to Climate Change 
The Intergovernmental Panel on 
Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment 
Report (IPCC AR5) does not provide an estimate for HFO-1336mzz(E) global warming potential (GWP).
9The HFO- 
1336mzz(E) GWP on a 100-year time horizon was calculated to be 7 in 1 study by Osterstrom et al. (2017) and 32 (atmospherically well-mixed) and 14 (lifetime-adjusted) in another study by Baasandorj et al. (2018). However, the 
WMO (2018) calculated the 100-year GWP for HFO-1336mzz(E) as 16. Species with double bonds assembled in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (Table 8.A.1) indicate lower GWP than species without a double bond. However, the GWP of 14 approximated by (Baasandorj et al., 2018), and the gas-phase degradation of HFO-1336-mzz(E) is not expected to lead to a significant formation of atmospherically long-lived species. According to the SNAP rule, HFO-1336mzz(E)’s GWP of 16 is lower than those of some of the substitutes in a variety of foam blowing and refrigeration end-uses, solvents, and aerosol propellants (USEPA, 2020). HFO-1336mzz(E) was developed to replace other chemicals used for similar end-uses with GWP ranging from 1 to 1,300 such as the refrigerant 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane (R–134a), among others. The petitioner claims that HFO- 1336mzz(E) is a better alternative to other substitutes in foam expansion or blowing agents for use in polyurethane rigid insulating foams. Specifically, HFO-1336mzz(E) will provide significant performance and energy saving advantages and reduce climate change impacts both directly by its relatively low GWP and indirectly by decreasing energy consumption throughout the lifecycle of insulated foams in several applications. 
C. Conclusions 
The EPA proposes that HFO- 
1336mzz(E) is negligibly reactive with 
respect to its contribution to tropospheric O
3formation and, thus, 
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may be exempted from the EPA’s 
definition of VOC in 40 CFR 51.100(s). HFO-1336mzz(E) has been listed as acceptable for use as a blowing agent in several end-uses under the SNAP program (USEPA, 2020). The EPA has also determined that exemption of HFO- 1336mzz(E) from the regulatory definition of VOC will not result in an increase of risk to human health and the environment, and, to the extent that use of this compound does have impacts on other environmental endpoints, those impacts are adequately managed by existing programs. For example, HFO- 1336mzz(E) has a similar or lower stratospheric O
3depletion potential 
than available substitutes in those end- uses, and the toxicity risk from using HFO-1336mzz(E) is not significantly greater than the risk from using other available alternatives for the same uses. The EPA has concluded that non- tropospheric O
3-related risks associated 
with potential increased use of HFO- 1336mzz(E) are adequately managed by SNAP. The EPA does not expect significant use of HFO-1336mzz(E) in applications not covered by the SNAP program. To the extent that the compound is used in other applications not already reviewed under SNAP or under the New Chemicals Program under TSCA, the SNUR in place under TSCA requires that any significant new use of a chemical be reported to the EPA using a Significant New Use Notice (SNUN). Any significant new use of HFO-1336mzz(E) would, thus, need to be evaluated by the EPA, and the EPA will continually review the availability of acceptable substitute chemicals under the SNAP program. 
This class of PFAS is highly varied, 
and variations in structure may result in (yet unknown) differences in environmental mobility and toxicity. The agency’s ongoing work in PFAS is based on the recent PFAS Strategic Roadmap: EPA’s Commitments to Action 2021–2024, which lays out an agenda and actions that have yet to be fully realized. Part of that plan is to better understand the environmental 
mobility, toxicity, and treatability of various congeners. There is much that we do not know about PFAS in general and for specific compounds. Therefore, EPA is seeking public comment on whether and how EPA should consider information on and properties of PFAS compounds beyond those properties related to the VOC exemption program and how it might impact the VOC delisting decision. 
IV. Proposed Action 
The EPA is responding to the petition 
by proposing to revise its regulatory definition of VOC at 40 CFR 51.100(s) to 
add HFO-1336mzz(E) to the list of compounds that are exempt from the regulatory definition of VOC because it is less reactive than ethane based on a comparison of mass-based MIR and molar-based MIR metrics and is, therefore, considered negligibly reactive. As a result of this action, if an entity uses or produces this compound and is subject to the EPA regulations limiting the use of VOC in a product, limiting the VOC emissions from a facility, or otherwise controlling the use of VOC for purposes related to attaining the O
3NAAQS, this compound will not 
be counted as a VOC in determining whether these regulatory obligations have been met. This action would affect whether this compound is considered a VOC for state regulatory purposes to reduce O
3formation, if a state relies on 
the EPA’s regulatory definition of VOC. States are not obligated to exclude from control as a VOC those compounds that the EPA has found to be negligibly reactive. However, no state may take credit for controlling this compound in its O
3control strategy. Consequently, 
reductions in emissions for this compound will not be considered or counted in determining whether states have met the rate of progress requirements for VOC in State Implementation Plans or in demonstrating attainment of the O
3 
NAAQS. 
V. Statutory and Executive Order 
Reviews 
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory 
Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review 
This action is not a significant 
regulatory action and was, therefore, not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review. 
B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) 
This action does not impose an 
information collection burden under the 
PRA. It does not contain any recordkeeping or reporting requirements. 
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) 
I certify that this action will not have 
a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities under the RFA. This action will not impose any requirements on small entities. This action removes HFO- 1336mzz(E) from the regulatory definition of VOC and, thereby, relieves manufacturers, distributers, and users of the compound from tropospheric O
3 requirements to control emissions of the compound. 
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 
(UMRA) 
This action does not contain any 
unfunded mandate as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531–1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect small governments. This action imposes no enforceable duty on any state, local or tribal governments, or the private sector. 
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism 
This action does not have federalism 
implications. It will not have substantial 
direct effects on the states, on the relationship between the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. 
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation 
and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments 
This action does not have tribal 
implications, as specified in Executive Order 13175. This proposed rule removes HFO-1336mzz(E) from the regulatory definition of VOC and, thereby, relieves manufacturers, distributers, and users from tropospheric O
3requirements to control 
emissions of the compound. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action. 
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of 
Children From Environmental Health and Safety Risks 
This action is not subject to Executive 
Order 13045, because it is not economically significant as defined in Executive Order 12866, and because the EPA does not believe the environmental health or safety risks addressed by this action present a disproportionate risk to children. Since HFO-1336mzz(E) is utilized in specific industrial applications where children are not present and dissipates quickly (e.g., lifetime of 22 days) with short-lived end products, there is no exposure or disproportionate risk to children. This action removes HFO-1336mzz(E) from the regulatory definition of VOC and, thereby, relieves manufacturers, distributers, and users from tropospheric O
3requirements to control 
emissions of the compound. 
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions 
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use 
This action is not subject to Executive 
Order 13211, because it is not a 
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significant regulatory action under 
Executive Order 12866. 
I. National Technology Transfer and 
Advancement Act (NTTAA) 
This rulemaking does not involve 
technical standards. 
J. Executive Order 12898: Federal 
Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations 
The EPA believes that this action does 
not have disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority populations, low- income populations and/or indigenous peoples, as specified in Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994). This action removes HFO-1336mzz(E) from the regulatory definition of VOC and, thereby, relieves manufacturers, distributers, and users of the compound from tropospheric O
3requirements to 
control emissions of the compound. 
K. Judicial Review 
Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, 
petitions for judicial review of this 
action must be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit Court within 60 days from the date the proposed action is published in the Federal Register. Filing a petition for review by the Administrator of this proposed action does not affect the finality of this action for the purposes of judicial review nor does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial review must be filed and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such action. Thus, any petitions for review of this action related to the exemption of HFO-1336mzz(E) from the regulatory definition of VOC must be filed in the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit within 60 days from the date proposed action is published in the Federal Register. 
VII. References 
Atkinson, R., Baulch, D.L., Cox, R.A., 
Crowley, J.N., Hampson, Jr., R.F., Hynes, 
R.G., Jenkin, M.E., Kerr, J.A., Rossi, M.J., and Troe, J. (2006) Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume II—gas phase reactions of organic species. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6: 3625–4055. 
Baasandorj, M., Ravishankara, A.R., 
Burkholder, J.B. (2011) Atmospheric chemistry of (Z)-CF3CHÕCHCF3: OH radical reaction rate coefficient and global warming potential. J Phys Chem A. 2011 Sep 29;115(38):10539–49. doi: 
10.1021/jp206195g. 
Baasandorj, M., Marshall, P., Waterland, R.L., 
Ravishankara, A.R. & Burkholder, J.B. Rate Coefficient Measurements and Theoretical Analysis of the OH + (E)- CF3CHÕCHCF3 Reaction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 122, 4635–4646, 
doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02771 (2018). 
Carter, W.P.L. (1994) Development of ozone 
reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds. J. Air Waste Manage, 44: 881–899. 
Carter, W.P.L. (2008) Reactivity Estimates for 
Selected Consumer Product Compounds, Final Report to California Air Resources Board Contract No. 06–408, February 19, 2008. http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/ 
reactivity/consumer_ products.pdf. 
Carter, W.P.L. (2011) SAPRC Atmospheric 
Chemical Mechanisms and VOC Reactivity Scales, at http://www.engr.ucr.edu/∼carter/SAPRC/. Last 
updated in Sept. 14, 2013. Tables of Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) Values available at http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2009/mir2009/ mir2009.htm. May 11, 2011. 
Carter, W.P.L. (2011a) Estimation of the 
ground-level atmospheric ozone formation potentials of Cis 1,1,1,4,4,4- HexaFluoro-2-Butene, August 8, 2011. 
Chemours. (2016) CD–59 Foam Expansion 
Agent Safety Data Sheet. Version 4.1. The Chemours Company FC, LLC, Wilmington, DE December 2016. 
Osterstrom, F.F., Andersen, S.T., S<lling, T.I., 
Nielsena, O J., and Andersen, M.P.S. (2017) Atmospheric chemistry of Z- and E–CF3CH—CHCF3: Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys., 2017, 19, 735 
TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied 
Scientific Research). (2016a) Sub-chronic (13-week) inhalation toxicity study with HFO-1336mzz(E) in rats. Report No. V20686. TNO Company, Netherlands. Unpublished report. 
TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied 
Scientific Research). (2016b) Inhalation prenatal developmental toxicity study with HFO-1336mzz(E)in rats. Report No. V20685. TNO Company, Netherlands. 
Pitts, J.N. Jr., Winer, A.M., Aschmann, S.M., 
Carter, W.P.L., and Atkinson, K. (1983), Experimental Protocol for Determining Hydroxyl Radical Reaction Rate Constants Environmental Science Research Laboratory, ORD, USEPA. EPA600/3–82–038. 
USEPA, 2020. Protection of Stratospheric 
Ozone: Determination 36 for Significant New Alternatives Policy Program December 11, 2020. 85 FR 79863. Available online at: https://
www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020- 12-11/pdf/2020-23861.pdf. 
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 51 
Environmental protection, 
Administrative practice and procedure, 
Air pollution control, Ozone, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Volatile organic compounds. 
Michael S. Regan, 
Administrator. 
For reasons stated in the preamble, 
part 51 of chapter I of title 40 of the 
Code of Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as follows: PART 51—REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION, ADOPTION, AND SUBMITTAL OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS 
■1. The authority citation for part 51 
continues to read as follows: 
Authority: 23 U.S.C. 101; 42 U.S.C. 7401– 
7671q. 
Subpart F—Procedural Requirements 
■2. Section 51.100 is amended by 
revising the introductory text of paragraph (s)(1). 
§ 51.100 Definitions. 
* * * * * 
(s) * * * 
(1) This includes any such organic 
compound other than the following, 
which have been determined to have negligible photochemical reactivity: Methane; ethane; methylene chloride (dichloromethane); 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform); 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113); trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11); dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12); chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22); trifluoromethane (HFC-23); 1,2-dichloro 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114); chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115); 1,1,1-trifluoro 2,2-dichloroethane (HCFC-123); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); 1,1-dichloro 1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b); 1-chloro 1,1- difluoroethane (HCFC-142b); 2-chloro- 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124); pentafluoroethane (HFC-125); 1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134); 1,1,1- trifluoroethane (HFC-143a); 1,1- difluoroethane (HFC-152a); parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF); cyclic, branched, or linear completely methylated siloxanes; acetone; perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene); 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2- pentafluoropropane (HCFC-225ca); 1,3- dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC-225cb); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5- decafluoropentane (HFC 43-10mee); difluoromethane (HFC-32); ethylfluoride (HFC-161); 1,1,1,3,3,3- hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa); 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC- 245ca); 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ea); 1,1,1,2,3- pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb); 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC- 245fa); 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea); 1,1,1,3,3- pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc); chlorofluoromethane (HCFC-31); 1 chloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-151a); 1,2- dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC- 123a); 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4- methoxy-butane (C
4F9OCH 3or HFE- 
7100); 2-(difluoromethoxymethyl)- 
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1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane 
((CF 3)2CFCF 2OCH 3); 1-ethoxy- 
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane (C
4F9OC 2H5or HFE-7200); 2- 
(ethoxydifluoromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3- heptafluoropropane ((CF
3)2CFCF 2OC 2H5); methyl acetate; 
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-methoxy- propane (n-C3F7OCH3, HFE-7000); 3- ethoxy-1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6- dodecafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl) hexane (HFE-7500); 1,1,1,2,3,3,3- heptafluoropropane (HFC 227ea); methyl formate (HCOOCH3); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3- methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-pentane (HFE-7300); propylene carbonate; 
dimethyl carbonate; trans-1,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene; HCF
2OCF 2H (HFE- 
134); HCF 2OCF 2OCF 2H (HFE-236cal2); 
HCF 2OCF 2CF2OCF 2H (HFE-338pcc13); 
HCF 2OCF 2OCF 2CF2OCF 2H (H-Galden 
1040x or H-Galden ZT 130 (or 150 or 180)); trans 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop- 
1-ene; 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; 2- amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; t-butyl acetate; 1,1,2,2- Tetrafluoro -1-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) ethane; cis-1,1,1,4,4,4- hexafluorobut-2-ene (HFO-1336mzz-Z); trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (HFO-1336mzz(E)); and perfluorocarbon compounds which fall into these classes: 
* * * * * 
[FR Doc. 2022–08922 Filed 4–27–22; 8:45 am] 
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
AGENCY 
40 CFR Parts 174 and 180 
[EPA–HQ–OPP–2022–0161; FRL–9410–12– 
OCSPP] 
Receipt of Pesticide Petitions Filed for 
Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various Commodities March 2022 
AGENCY : Environmental Protection 
Agency (EPA). 
ACTION : Notices of filing of petitions and 
request for comment. 
SUMMARY : This document announces the 
Agency’s receipt of initial filings of pesticide petitions requesting the establishment or modification of regulations for residues of pesticide chemicals in or on various commodities. 
DATES : Comments must be received on 
or before May 31, 2022. 
ADDRESSES : Submit your comments, 
identified by docket identification (ID) number and the pesticide petition (PP) of interest as shown in the body of this document, using the Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Do not submit electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Additional instructions on commenting or visiting the docket, along with more information about dockets generally, is available at https://www.epa.gov/dockets. 
Due to the public health concerns 
related to COVID–19, the EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC) and Reading Room is open to visitors by appointment only. For the latest status information on EPA/DC services and access, visit https://www.epa.gov/dockets. 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : 
Charles Smith, Biopesticides and Pollution Prevention Division (BPPD) (7511M), main telephone number: (202) 566–2427, email address: BPPDFRNotices@epa.gov; or Marietta 
Echeverria, Registration Division (RD) (7505P), main telephone number: (703) 305–7090, email address: RDFRNotices@epa.gov. The mailing 
address for each contact person is Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460–0001. As part of the mailing address, include the contact person’s name, division, and mail code. The division to contact is listed at the end of each application summary. 
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : 
I. General Information 
A. Does this action apply to me? 
You may be potentially affected by 
this action if you are an agricultural 
producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. The following list of North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide to help readers determine whether this document applies to them. Potentially affected entities may include: 
•Crop production (NAICS code 111). 
•Animal production (NAICS code 
112). 
•Food manufacturing (NAICS code 
311). 
•Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS 
code 32532). 
B. What should I consider as I prepare 
my comments for EPA? 
1. Submitting CBI. Do not submit this 
information to EPA through regulations.gov or email. Clearly mark the part or all of the information that you claim to be CBI. For CBI information in a disk or CD–ROM that you mail to EPA, mark the outside of the disk or CD–ROM as CBI and then 
identify electronically within the disk or CD–ROM the specific information that is claimed as CBI. In addition to one complete version of the comment that includes information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that does not contain the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the public docket. Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. 
2. Tips for preparing your comments. 
When preparing and submitting your comments, see the commenting tips at https://www.epa.gov/dockets/ comments.html. 
3. Environmental justice. EPA seeks to 
achieve environmental justice, the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of any group, including minority and/or low-income populations, in the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. To help address potential environmental justice issues, the Agency seeks information on any groups or segments of the population who, as a result of their location, cultural practices, or other factors, may have atypical or disproportionately high and adverse human health impacts or environmental effects from exposure to the pesticides discussed in this document, compared to the general population. 
II. What action is the Agency taking? 
EPA is announcing receipt of 
pesticide petitions filed under section 
408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), 21 U.S.C. 346a, requesting the establishment or modification of regulations in 40 CFR part 174 or part 180 for residues of pesticide chemicals in or on various food commodities. The Agency is taking public comment on the requests before responding to the petitioners. EPA is not proposing any particular action at this time. EPA has determined that the pesticide petitions described in this document contain data or information prescribed in FFDCA section 408(d)(2), 21 U.S.C. 346a(d)(2); however, EPA has not fully evaluated the sufficiency of the submitted data at this time or whether the data supports granting of the pesticide petitions. After considering the public comments, EPA intends to evaluate whether and what action may be warranted. Additional data may be needed before EPA can make a final determination on these pesticide petitions. 
Pursuant to 40 CFR 180.7(f), 
summaries of the petitions that are the subject of this document, prepared by 
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