RESTRICTED
WORLD TRADE G/ADP/W/95
G/SCM/W/104
ORGANIZATION 17October 1995
(95-3124)
Original: English Committee onAnti-Dumping Practices
Committee onSubsidies andCountervailing Measures
QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE NOTIFICATIONS PROVIDED
BYTHE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES1OFLAWS AND
REGULATIONS UNDER ARTICLES 18.5AND 32.6OFTHE AGREEMENTS
Thefollowing communication, dated 2October 1995, hasbeenreceived fromtheHong Kong
Economic andTrade Office.
_______________
ListofQuestions fortheEUAnti-dumping (AD) Regulation
(Council Regulation No.3283/94)
1. Article 2.1-Normal value
Article2.1(a)oftheECA-DRegulation(p.4)providesthat"Wheretheexporterintheexporting
country doesnotproduce ordoesnotsellthelikeproduct thenormal value maybeestablished onthe
basis ofprices ofother sellers orproducers."
Question : (a) What istherationale ofestablishing thenormal value onthebasis ofprices
of"other sellers orproducers"? What isthelegal basis intheWTO A-D
Agreement?
(b) Article2(3)(c)oftheEC's1988Regulationcontainsthisprovision:"Normally,
theprices oncosts oftheexporter 'ssupplier shallbeusedforthispurpose".
Whyisthisprovision nolonger included intheEC'snewA-DRegulation?
2. Article 2.5(b)-Start-up operations
Article 2.5(b)oftheECA-DRegulation (p.5) provides forcostadjustment where thecost
forpartofthecostrecovery period areaffected bytheuseofnewproduction facilities requiring
substantial additional investment andbylowcapacity utilization ratesasaresult ofstart-up operations.
Question : If,during theperiod ofinvestigation, costs areaffected byfactors (other thantheuse
ofnewproduction facilities andlowcapacity utilization rates) asaresult ofstartup
operations, doestheEClegislation provide forcostadjustment? Forexample, would
factors suchashighinitial research &development (R&D) costs, mould depreciation
1G/ADP/N/1/EEC/1 andG/SCM/N/1/EEC/1G/ADP/W/95
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costs, andsubstantial investment byasalesorganization andalowturnover betaken
intoaccount?
3. Article 2.6-Determination ofSGA &profits inconstructing normal value
Article 2.2.2 oftheWTO A-DAgreement provides thatindetermining dumping margins, the
amounts forprofits andSGA(selling, general andadministrative), andother costsaretobebased on
actual data("incurred andrealized") relating toproduction andsales bytheexporters orproducers
under investigation. When SGAandprofits cannot bedetermined onthisbasis, anumber ofalternatives
areprovided for.
TheECA-DRegulation hasincorporated these alternatives withafewsubtle deviations -
(a) Thewords "incurred andrealized by"inArticle 2.2.2(ii) oftheWTO A-DAgreement
havebeenreplaced bythewords "determined for"inArticle 2.6(i)oftheECA-D
Regulation (p.5ofCouncil Regulation No.3283/94);
(b) Article 2.6(ii)oftheECA-DRegulation (p.5)excludes fromconsideration saleswhich
arenot"intheordinary course oftrade".This phrase does notappear in
Article 2.2.2(i) oftheWTO A-DAgreement; and
(c) Thealternatives in(i)and(ii)ofArticle 2.2.2 oftheWTO A-DAgreement areplaced
inreverse orders inArticle 2.6.
Questions :(a) Why does theECreplace thewords "incurred andrealized by"in
Article 2.2.2(ii) oftheWTO A-D Agreement with "determined for"in
Article 2.6(i) oftheECA-DRegulation? Does itmean thattheCommission
permits theinclusion of"constructed" SGAs andprofits, instead oftheactual
amount, inthecalculation oftheweighted average?
(b) WhyArticle 2.6(ii)oftheECA-DRegulation hasincluded thephrase "in
theordinary course oftrade" which doesnotappear inArticle 2.2.2(i) ofthe
WTO A-DAgreement? Under whatcircumstances doestheEUcontemplate
selection ofsome dataonlyandexclusion ofothers?
(c) Isthere anypreference inthechoice between alternatives inArticle 2.6(i)
and(ii)? What isthereason forthepreference, ifany?
4. Article 2.10-Faircomparison -factors forwhich adjustments canbemade
Article 2.10oftheECA-DRegulation (p.6) seeks toensure afaircomparison between the
export price andthenormal value. Italsoprovides anapparently exhaustive listoffactors forwhich
adjustments canbemade.
Question : (a) According toArticle 2.4oftheWTO A-DAgreement, adjustments forcosts
andprofits shallbemade pursuant toArticle 2.9oftheECA-D Regulation
inthecaseofconstructed export price. Does theEC'sA-DRegulation allow
theCommission tomake dueallowance, onitsmerits, fordifferences between
thedomestic andexport markets inindirect selling expenses andprofits
associated withsalesactivities, which differences demonstrated toaffect price
comparability?G/ADP/W/95
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Question : (b) Similarly, willtheECallow adjustments forfactors other thanthose stated
inArticle 2.10bemade when making comparison between export price and
normal value?
5. Article 2.10(d)-Faircomparison -Level oftrade adjustment
Toprovide forafaircomparison, Article 2.10(d)allows adjustments fordifferences inlevels
oftrade affecting price comparability which isdemonstrated byconsistent anddistinct differences in
functions andprices oftheseller forthedifferent levels oftradeinthedomestic market oftheexporting
country. Theamount ofadjustment shallbebased onthemarket value ofthedifference.
Question : (a) Inthecaseofconstructed export price which isestablished atanunrelated
importers'tradelevel,wouldtheEClegislationallowaleveloftradeadjustment
emade tothenormal value inadomestic market where theproducer
onlysellsdirectly totheend-users i.e.there exists onlyoneleveloftrade on
thedomestic market? Ifnot,howwould theECensure afaircomparison as
required byArticle 2.4oftheWTO A-DAgreement?
(b) Would ECconfirm thatwhether incaseofaconstructed value determination,
normal value would beconstructed immediately atthesame leveloftrade as
theexport priceorwhether theexporter concerned would stillhavetorequest
anadjustment andprovide thenecessary evidence?
(c) Would theCommission elaborate, forthepurpose ofgranting adjustments for
differences inlevels oftrade, whatkindofinformation/data should beprovided
bytheexporter todemonstrate apattern of"consistent anddistinct differences
infunctions andprices oftheseller forthedifferent levels oftrade inthe
domestic market oftheexporting country"? Would theCommission also
illustrate withexamples onhowadjustments would becomputed?
6. Article 2.10-Faircomparison -burden torequest information
Article 2.4oftheWTO A-DAgreement requires theauthorities toindicate totheparties what
information isnecessary toensure afaircomparison.
Question : Isthereanyexplicit statutory provision imposing upontheCommission suchapositive
obligation? Innot,howwould theCommission berequired todischarge thisobligation?
7. Article 2.10-Faircomparison -attheex-factory level
Inthelistoffactors forwhich adjustments aretobemade, references aregenerally made to
thedifferences inindividual costfactors between thenormal value andexport price. IntheEC'sold
ADRegulation, adjustments arenormally made byreducing boththenormal value andtheexport price.
Question : Inmaking afaircomparison, would theCommission deduct onlythedifferences in
individual costfactors between thenormal value andexport price? Orwould the
Commission deduct thecosts from boththenormal value andexport price? Ifthe
former isthecase, howcantheCommission reconcile thiswithitsobligations under
Article 2.4oftheWTO A-DAgreement tonormally make theprice comparison at
theex-factory level?G/ADP/W/95
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8. Article 2.11-Dumping margin
Article 2.4.2 oftheWTO A-DAgreement provides that,forthedetermination ofdumping
margins, aweighted average normal value maybecompared toprices ofindividual export transactions
onlyifapattern ofexport prices which differ significantly among different purchasers, regions ortime
periods isfound and"ifanexplanation isprovided whysuchdifferences cannot betaken intoaccount
appropriately bytheuseofaweighted average-to-weighted average ortransaction-to-transaction
comparison".
InArticle 2.11oftheECA-DRegulation (p.7), thewords "ifanexplanation isprovided why
..."arereplaced by"themethods specified ...would notreflect thefulldegree ofdumping being
practised".
Question : Please elaborate what ismeant by"fulldegree ofdumping" inArticle 2.11ofthe
Regulation andexplain howtheCommission would determine whether themethods
ofcomparison specified inthesame Article "would notreflect thefulldegree of
dumping". Howwould theECdischarge itsobligation under Article 2.4.2 oftheWTO
A-DAgreement which requires theinvestigating authorities toprovide anexplanation
fordeparture from thespecified methods ofcomparison?
9. Article 3.5-Determination ofinjury
Article 3.4oftheWTO A-DAgreement setsoutthefactors tobeconsidered inexamining
theimpact ofthedumped imports. Article 3.5oftheECA-DRegulation (p.7)includes anewfactor:
"thefactthatanindustry isstillintheprocess ofrecovering from theeffects ofpastdumping or
subsidization".
Questions :(a) What arethereasons forintroducing anewfactor fordetermining injury?
(b) What isthepossible impact ofthedumped imports onthisnewfactor? What
factors/indicators would theECusetodetermine thatanindustry isstillin
theprocess ofrecovering from theeffects ofpastdumping orsubsidization?
(c) Whyshould injury caused byfactors other thanthedumped imports, inthis
case"thefactthatanindustry isstillintheprocess ofrecovering from the
effects ofpastdumping orsubsidization", beattributed tothedumped imports?
HowcantheECreconcile thiswithitsobligation under Article 3.5oftheWTO
A-DAgreement andArticle 3.7ofitsA-DRegulation?
10. Articles 5.3-Accuracy andadequacy ofthecomplaint
Article 5.3oftheWTO A-DAgreement requires thattheauthorities "shall examine theaccuracy
andadequacy oftheevidence" provided inthecomplaint.
Article5.3oftheECA-DRegulation(p.10)howevercontainsthephrase"tothedegreepossible"
toqualify theobligation oftheCommission.
Questions :(a) Would theECexplain whyitisnecessary toaddthewords "tothedegree
possible" inArticle 5.3oftheCouncil Regulation No3283/94? Inadding
suchqualification, doestheCommission contemplate variance ofitsdegree
ofexamination oftheaccuracy andadequacy ofacomplaint under differentG/ADP/W/95
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circumstances? What possible circumstances (saythetighttime-limit (45days)
setinArticle 5.9ofthesame Regulation forinitiation ofproceedings?) might
render theCommission unable toexamine theaccuracy andadequacy ofa
complaint tothefullextent?
(b) What action would theauthorities normally taketoexamine theaccuracy and
adequacy ofevidence? Arethere orwillthere beanyguidelines for
administrators oftheRegulation inthisregard? Ifthereisanypoint ofdoubt,
willthebenefit gotothecomplainant orparties subject tothecomplaint?
11. Article 5.7-Negligible imports
Article 5.7oftheECA-DRegulation (p.10) provides forrejection ofcomplaint where there
isinsufficient evidence ofeither dumping orofinjury tojustify proceeding withthecase. Proceedings
shallnotbeinitiated against countries whose imports represent amarket share ofbelow 1percent,
unless suchcountries collectively account for3%,ormore, ofCommunity consumption.
Question : Wherethemarketsharetestisnotfulfilled,wouldtheCommissioninanycaseterminate
theproceeding ifthevolume ofdumped imports fromacountry accounts forlessthan
3percentofimports ofthelikedproducts, unless suchcountries collectively account
formore than7percentofimports oftheliked products?
12. Article 8-Withdrawal ofundertakings
Article 8(p.12 &13)oftheECA-DRegulation setsouttheprovisions forundertaking
arrangements.
Question : Caneither theECauthorities ortheexporter inquestion withdraw theundertaking
outoftheir ownwish? What would betheprocedures tofollow incaseofsuch
withdrawal ofundertakings ifinvestigation hasbeenterminated atthetimewhen the
undertaking ismade?
13. Article 9.1-Termination without measures
Article 5.1oftheWTO A-DAgreement states thataninvestigation shallbeinitiated upon a
written complaint. Article 9.1oftheECA-DRegulation (p.13) doesnotprovide foranyautomatic
termination oftheproceedings evenwhen thecomplaint iswithdrawn, inwhich case"proceedings
maybeterminated unless suchtermination would notbeintheCommunity interest".
Question : Would thewithdrawal ofcomplaint inthecontext ofArticle 9.1refertothose made
afterinitiation? Ifso,whatistherationale tomake adistinction between withdrawals
made before orafterinitiation (theformer isconsidered nottohavebeenlodged under
Article 5.8)? What aretheexamples of"Community interest" thatwould justify
continuation ofproceedings evenwhen thecomplaint iswithdrawn?
14. Articles 9.3and11.6-Automatic re-investigation forexporters previously exonerated
Article5.8oftheWTOA-DAgreementlaysdownconditionswherecaseswouldbeimmediately
terminated. Article 9.3oftheECA-DRegulation (p.13) provides thatonlytheinvestigation
shallbeterminated where thedumping margin islessthan2percentforindividual exporters
and"they shallremain subject totheproceedings andmaybere-investigated inanysubsequentG/ADP/W/95
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review carried outforthecountry concerned". Article 11.6alsoprovides thatwhere measures
arerepealed forindividual exporters, butnotforacountry asawhole, "such exporters shall
remain subject totheproceedings andmay,automatically, bere-investigated inanysubsequent
review carried outforthatcountry".
Question : Whyshould anexporter previously exonerated beautomatically re-investigated inany
subsequentreviewcarriedoutforthecountryconcernedwithoutpriorsufficientevidence
ofdumping andinjury?
15. Article 11.2-Expiry reviews
Article 11.3oftheWTO A-DAgreement provides thatanexpiry review, ifany,should be
initiateduponadulysubstantiatedrequestmadebyoronbehalfofthe"domesticindustry".Article11.2
oftheECA-DRegulation (p.14) simply refers totheCommunity producers .
Question : Would theCommission confirm whether "Community producers" referred toin
Article 11.2would havethesame meaning of"theCommunity industry" asdefined
inArticle 4ofCouncil Regulation No3283/94? Ifnot,why"Community producers",
whichmaynotberepresentativeoftheCommunityindustry,shouldbeeligibletoinitiate
anexpiry review?
16. Article 11.2(b)and11.3-Industrial users andconsumers 'rights inexpiry reviews and
interim reviews
Article 6.12oftheWTO A-DAgreement provides opportunities forindustrial users and
representative consumer organizations toprovide information which isrelevant totheinvestigation
regarding dumping, injury andcausality. Theprovision shallalsoapply toreview investigations, as
specified inArticle 11.4oftheAgreement.
InArticle 11.2(b)oftheECA-DRegulation (p.14), however, onlytheexporters, importers,
therepresentatives oftheexporting country andtheCommunity producers areentitled tocomment
onthematters setoutinthereview request. Itisnotclearwhether thisrestriction alsoapplies tointerim
review provided forinArticle 11.3oftheECA-DRegulation (p.14-15).
Question : Areindustrial users andrepresentative consumer organizations permitted tocomment
onthematters relating totheexpiry review andinterim review? Ifnot,whynot(as
industrial users andconsumers seemtohavesuchrights under Article 21.2ofCouncil
Regulation No3283/94)?
17. Article 11.3-Interim review
Article 11.3oftheECA-DRegulation states theprovisions forinterim reviews.
Question : Incaseaninterim review investigation isunderway attheendofthefive-year expiry
period andnoexpiry review hasbeeninitiated, willtheA-Dmeasure currently inforce
beterminated (because ofitsexpiry) orwilltheA-Dmeasure continue pending the
results oftheinterim review?G/ADP/W/95
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18. Article 11.4(c) -Expedited review fornewcompanies
Article9.5oftheWTOA-DAgreementprovidesforpromptandacceleratedreviewforunrelated
"newcomers". Provisions fornewcomer review intheECA-DRegulation, assetoutinArticle 11.4(c),
aresubject tothecaveat thatthese provisions shallnotbeapplicable incases where theimposed A-D
duties areestablished ininvestigations using sampling methods.
Question : Would theECconfirm whether ornotexpedited reviews fornew-comers would be
denied incases where dumping duties havebeenimposed using sampling methods?
Ifso,isthere anyparticular rationale forthis?
19. Article 11.5-Reviews
Article 11.5oftheECA-DRegulation provides thattherelevant provisions oftheEC'sA-D
Regulation withregard toprocedures andtheconduct ofinvestigations, excluding those relating to
timelimits, shallapply toanyinterim, newcomer andexpiry review.
Questions :(a) Among others, would Article 5.7requiring sufficient evidence ofdumping
andinjury tojustify proceeding withthecasebeapplicable toreviews mutatis
mutandis ?Inparticular, would A-Dmeasures against acertain country be
terminated ifitsimports represent amarket share ofbelow 1percentand
imports ofallsuchcountries collectively account forlessthan3percentof
Community consumption?
(b) Among others, would Article 9.3beapplicable toreview mutatis mutandis ?
Inparticular, would there beimmediate termination where itisdetermined
thatthemargin ofdumping islessthan2percentoftheexport priceorwhere
there isnegligible volume ofdumped imports, ornegligible injury?
20. Article 12-Anti-absorption
UnderArticle12oftheECA-DRegulation,anadditionalA-Ddutymaybeimposedifexporters
absorb theexisting A-Ddutythemselves, undermining theremedial effect ofthemeasure. Article 2.9(b)
alsoprovides thatadjustments could bemade inconstructing export priceinrespect ofanyanti-dumping
dutypaidbyanexporter. Under Article 12.5ofthesame Regulation, theCommission isrequired
totakeaccount ofchanges innormal value asajustification forthefailure ofresale price toincrease
asaresult oftheimposition oftheA-Dduty. Where aninvestigation involves are-examination of
normal values, imports maybemade subject toregistration pending theoutcome oftheinvestigation
(withthepossibility ofaretroactive collection ofduty). Article 12.4provides thattherelevant provision
ofArticles 5and6shallapply tosuchreviews generally.
Question : What isthelegalauthority intheWTO A-DAgreement fortheCommission toconduct
anti-absorption proceedings? Why should aregistration requirement, which isnot
applicabletonormalinterimreviews,beimposedonexportersduringananti-absorption
investigation? Onwhat legal basis under theWTO A-D Agreement does the
Commission collect retroactive A-Dduties pursuant toreviews under Article 12?
21. Article 13-Anti-circumvention provisions
GATT Article VI.2allows aWTO member tolevyonanydumped product ananti-dumping
dutyonlyinorder tooffset orprevent dumping. Article VI.6(a) provides thatnoWTO member shallG/ADP/W/95
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levyanyanti-dumping dutyunless itdetermines thattheeffect ofdumping issuchastocause orthreaten
material injury toanestablished domestic industry etc.Article 1oftheWTO A-DAgreement provides
thatananti-dumping measure shallbeapplied onlyunder thecircumstances provided forinGATT
Article VIandpursuant toinvestigations initiated andconducted inaccordance withtheprovisions
oftheWTO A-DAgreement. Article 18.1prohibits countries from taking action against dumping
ofexports from another Member except inaccordance withtheprovisions oftheAgreement. The
WTOA-DAgreementdoesnotcontainanyanti-circumventionprovisions.A-Dmeasurescouldtherefore
beonlyimposed onaproduct afterproof ofdumping oftheproduct, injury andcausation inaccordance
withGATT Article VIandprocedures prescribed intheWTO A-DAgreement. TheMinisterial
Conference atMarrakesh adopted adecision torefertheproblem ofcircumvention ofA-Dmeasures
totheCommitteeonAnti-DumpingPracticesestablishedundertheWTOA-DAgreementforresolution.
Article 13oftheECA-DRegulation, however, allows extension ofexisting A-Dduties to
imports fromthirdcountries oflikeproducts, orpartsthereof (which aredestined forassembly inthe
Community) when itisconsidered thatcircumvention ofmeasures inforceistaking place. Theconcept
ofcircumvention isloosely defined: achange oftrade pattern between third countries andthe
Community which stems from apractice, process orwork forwhich withinsufficient duecause or
economicjustification,otherthantheimpositionoftheA-Dduties,andthereisevidencethattheremedial
effects ofthedutyarebeing undermined.
Questions :(a) What isthelegal basis oftheanti-circumvention provision oftheECA-D
legislation?
(b) While anti-circumvention measures willbetaken after aninvestigation as
mentioned inArticle 13.3, would theECclarify whether suchinvestigations
would befull-fledged investigations covering dumping, injury andcausal link?
Ifnot,whynot?Inthiscase,howwould theECreconcile itsobligations under
GATT Article VIandtheWTO A-DAgreement?
(c) Under whatcircumstances willanti-circumvention action betaken against parts
ofalikeproduct?
(d) Under Article 13,circumvention shallbedefined aschange inthepattern of
tradebetween thirdcountries andtheCommunity which stems fromapractice,
process orwork forwhich there isinsufficient duecause oreconomic
justification ,other thantheimposition oftheA-Dduties. How todefine "a
practice, process orwork forwhich thereisinsufficient duecause oreconomic
justification"?CantheECelaboratewithconcreteexamples?Wouldthisbroad
definition encompass activities beyond thetraditional concept ofcircumvention
through "assembly inimporting country", "assembly inthird country" and
"country hopping"? Forexample, isittheintention tocover origin fraud cases
which should bedealtwithunder appropriate origin rules?
(e) What istherelationship between Article 13.1and13.2? Forinstance, incase
ofthird country assembly, ifcircumvention cannot beestablished under
Article 13.2, cantheCommission resort toArticle 13.1 tojustify anti-
circumvention measures?
(f) Article 13.1provides thatdumping maybedetermined inrelation tothenormal
values previously established forthelikeorsimilar products. Howwould the
ECreconcile thisprovision withArticle 2.4oftheWTO A-DAgreementG/ADP/W/95
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requiring faircomparison tobemade inrespect ofsalesmade atasnearly as
possible thesame time?
(g) Inthesame caseas(f)above, howcantheEUfulfil itsfaircomparison
requirement under Article 2.5oftheWTO A-D Agreement when the
comparison deliberately involves twodifferent countries (normal values
previously established inacountry whereas export prices established inanother
country where circumvention allegedly took place) without fulfilling the
circumstances thereunder?
(h) Inthesame caseas(f)above, what would bethefinaldumping dutyifthe
dumping margin nowestablished islessthanthatintended tobeautomatically
extended?
(i) Further to(h)above, iftheoriginal higher dumping dutywillbeapplied, how
cantheECfulfilitsobligation under Article 9.3oftheWTO A-DAgreement
which states thatthedefinitive dumping dutyshallnotexceed thedumping
margin?
(j) Article 13.3provides thattherelevant procedural provisions withregard to
initiations andtheconduct ofinvestigations shall apply pursuant toanti-
circumvention action. Arethestanding requirements ofthecomplainant as
required inArticle 5.4applicable tothecomplainants inacircumvention
complaint? Ifnot,whynot? Areother standard requirements, suchasthe
deminimis dumping margin andnegligible imports alsoapplicable ina
circumvention investigation?
(k) Incaseacountry isconcurrently subject toanti-circumvention andA-D
investigations, willtheproceedings becombined? Ifnot,howwilltheresults,
ifdifferent, affect eachother?
(l) Ifanti-circumvention measures werepresent andaninterim review orexpiry
review oftheoriginal A-Dmeasures wastobeconducted, would thereview
cover thecircumvention aspects? Incasetherewerenewcomers aftertheanti-
circumvention measures havebeenimposed, whatwould bethetreatment for
them? Would anewcomer review cover thecircumvention aspects aswell?
(m) Article 13.3 provides imports registration once theanti-circumvention
proceeding isinitiated sothatthemeasures could beretroactively applied as
fromthedateofimport registration. Onwhatlegalbasisunder theWTO A-D
Agreement doestheCommission collect duties retroactively insuchcases?
22. Article 17.1-Sampling
Article 6.10oftheWTO A-DAgreement limits thepossibility ofsampling tothecircumstances
where thenumber of"exporters, producers, importers ortypes ofproducts involved" issolarge that
determinations ofanindividual dumping margin foreachknown exporter orproducer concerned would
beimpracticable andtherefore asampling oftherelevant parties orproduct types isnecessary.
However, Article 17oftheECA-DRegulation alsoincludes situations where thenumber of
"complainants" and"transactions" issolarge thattheymayalsobesubjected tosampling.G/ADP/W/95
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Questions :(a) Why theECfeels itnecessary toexpand thescope ofsampling tocover
situations where thenumber of"transactions" or"complainants" issolarge?
(b) Whether sampling techniques would beusedforinjury determination? Ifso,
howdoesitreconcile withtheprinciple thatinjury would beassessed onthe
basisofthedomestic industry asawhole, notjustafewdomestic producers,
especially incaseofaregional market where astricter standing requirement
applies?
23. Article 17.2-Time limit forchoosing arepresentative sample
TheWTO A-DAgreement doesnotimpose anytimelimitonexporters andproducers forthe
selection ofarepresentative sample. However, Article 17.2ofECA-DRegulation provides thatthe
sample willbeselected preferably withtheconsent oftheparties concerned provided suchparties shall
make themselves known andprovide sufficient information toenable arepresentative sample tobe
chosen within three weeks ofinitiation.
Question : WhydoestheECimpose suchatighttime-limit, i.e.within threeweeks ofinitiation,
forthepurpose ofchoosing arepresentative sample? Could thistime-limit beextended
upon request?
24. Judicial Review
Article 13oftheWTO A-DAgreement provides thatMember shallmaintain judicial, arbitral
oradministrative tribunals orprocedures forthepurpose, inter alia, oftheprompt review of
administrative actions relating tofinaldeterminations andreviews ofdeterminations. There isnosuch
aprovision intheECA-DRegulation notified.
Question : HowdoestheECimplement therequirement setoutinArticle 13oftheWTO A-D
Agreement? Arethereanystatutory provisions toimplement theabove requirements?
Under theEC'slegalsystem, whataretheconditions aninterested party mustsatisfy
inorder toseekjudicial reviews ofadministrative actions fortheA-Dmeasures?