GENERAL AGREEMENT GATS/SC/33
15April 1994
ONTRADE INSERVICES (94-1031)
FINLAND
Schedule ofSpecific Commitments
(This isauthentic inEnglish only)
____________________FINLAND -SCHEDULE OFSPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ALL SECTORS INCLUDED
INTHIS SCHEDULE
Legal Entities
3) Acquisition ofshares byforeign owners
giving more thanonethird ofthevoting
rights ofamajor Finnish company ora
major business undertaking (with more than
1000 employees orwithaturnover
exceeding 1000 million Finnish markka or
withabalance sheet totalexceeding
1000 million Finnish markka) issubject to
confirmation bytheFinnish authorities;
theconfirmation maybedenied onlyifan
important national interest would be
jeopardized.Legal Entities
3) Aforeigner carrying onatrade asa
private entrepreneur orasapartner ina
Finnish limited orgeneral partnership
needs atrade permit andhastobe
permanently resident inFinland. Ifa
foreign organization intends tocarry ona
business ortrade byestablishing abranch
inFinland, atrade permit isrequired.
Apermission toactasafounder ofa
limited company isrequired ofaforeign
organization oraprivate person, whois
notacitizen ofFinland.
Atleast halfoftheordinary anddeputy
members oftheBoard ofDirectors have to
becitizens ofFinland andresident in
Finland. TheManaging Director ofa
limited company hastobeaFinnish citizen
andresident inFinland. Company
exemptions may, however, begranted.Treatment accorded tosubsidiaries of
third-country companies formed in
accordance withthelawofanEEA
Member State andhaving their registered
office, central administration orprincipal
place ofbusiness within anEEA Member
State maynotbeextended tobranches of
agencies established inaEEA Member
State byathird-country company.
GATS/SC/33
Page 1GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 2
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
Treatment lessfavourable maybe
accorded tosubsidiaries ofthird-country
companies formed inaccordance withthe
lawofanEEA Member State andhaving
onlytheir registered office intheterritory
ofanEEA Member State unless they
show thattheypossess aneffective and
continuous linkwiththeeconomy ofone
oftheEEA Member States.
Acquisition andPossession ofReal Estate
3),4)NoneAcquisition andPossession ofReal Estate
3),4)Non-residents need apermit toacquire or
rentrealestate formore thantwoyears
intended forleisure-time dwelling orfor
recreational purposes.
Åland Islands
3),4)NoneÅland Islands
3),4)Restrictions ontheright fornatural
persons whodonotenjoy regional
citizenship inÅland, andforlegal
persons, toacquire andholdrealproperty
ontheÅland Islands without permission
bythecompetent authorities ofthe
islands.FINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
Subsidies*
3) NoneRestrictions ontheright ofestablishment
andtheright toprovide services bynatural
persons whodonotenjoy regional
citizenship inÅland, orbyanylegal
person, without permission bythe
competent authorities oftheÅland Islands.
Subsidies*
3) Eligibility forsubsidies maybelimited to
juridical persons established within the
territory ofFinland. Subsidies related to
research anddevelopment areunbound.
4) None 4) Subsidies available onlytonatural persons
maybelimited toFinnish citizens.
Entry andtemporary stayofservice providers
4) Unbound except fortheentry and
temporary stayofthefollowing categories
ofservice provider personnel asintra-
corporate transferees, provided thatsuch
persons have been employed orsub-
contracted bythecompany concerned not
lessthanoneyearimmediately preceding
theentry.Entry andtemporary stayofservice providers
4) None forthecategories offered under
market access.
* Theissue ofadefinition ofsubsidies remains tobedetermined inthecontext ofnegotiations under Article XVoftheGATS.
GATS/SC/33
Page 3GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 4
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
Executives -without requiring compliance
withlabour market teststopersons who
primarily direct themanagement ofthe
organization, establish itsgoals and
generally have awide decision making
authority. Executives would not
necessarily perform tasks related tothe
actual provision oftheservice.
Managers -without requiring compliance
withlabour market teststopersons who
direct theorganization oritsdepartment
andareinasenior level responsible ofthe
service providing functions ofthe
organization bysupervising andcontrolling
andhaving alsoauthority tohireandfire
personnel orrecommend such andother
personnel actions.
Specialists -incompliance withlabour
market teststopersons within the
organization, whopossess knowledge atan
advanced level ofexpertise orotherwise
essential orproprietal totheorganization 's
service, research equipment, techniques or
management.FINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
Unbound except forbusiness visitors who
areallowed toenter intocountry without
requiring awork permit when their
residence does notexceed 90days.
Business visitors aredefined as
representatives ofaservice provider who
areseeking temporary entry inpurposes of
negotiation forthesaleofservices or
entering intoagreements tosellservices
forthatservice provider, where thisselling
activity isnotdirected tothegeneral
public.
GATS/SC/33
Page 5GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 6
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
II. SECTOR-SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A. Professional Services
a) Legal Services
(CPC 861)
-international and
home country law1) None
2) None
3),4)When practising legal services asa
member oftheGeneral BarAssociation,
Finnish citizenship andresidency in
Finland arerequired
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
b) Accounting services
(parts ofCPC 862)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneFINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
b) Auditing services
(parts ofCPC 862)1) Unbound
2) None
3),4)Atleast oneoftheauditors ofaFinnish
liability company must beaFinnish citizen
resident inFinland
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) None
c) Taxation services
(CPC 863)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
d) Architectural services
(CPC 8671)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 7GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 8
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
e) Engineering services
(CPC 8672)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
f) Integrated engineering
services
(CPC 8673)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
g) Urban planning and
landscape architectural
services
(CPC 8674)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneFINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
i) Veterinary services
(CPC 932)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
j) Services provided by
nurses
(parts ofCPC 93191)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
B. Computer andrelated
services
a) Consultancy services
related totheinstallation
ofcomputer hardware
(CPC 841)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 9GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 10
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
b) Software implementation
services
(CPC 842)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
c) Data processing services
(CPC 843)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
d) Data baseservices
(CPC 844)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneFINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
e) Maintenance andrepair,
other
(CPC 845+CPC 849)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
C. Research and
development services
b) Research and
development services on
social sciences and
humanities
(CPC 852)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
D. Real estate services
a) Involving ownorleased
property
(CPC 821)1) None
2) None
3) Chairman, members oftheBoard and
Managing Director have tobeFinnish
citizens
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 11GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 12
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
b) Onafeeorcontract
basis
(CPC 822)1) None
2) None
3 Chairman, members oftheBoard and
Managing Director have tobeFinnish
citizens
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
E. Rental/Leasing services
without operator
Transport
a) Relating toships
(CPC 83103)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneFINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
b) Relating toaircraft
(CPC 83104)1) None
2) None
3) Toberegistered intheaircraft register of
Finland, theaircraft must beowned either
byajuridical ornatural persons meeting
specific nationality ordomicile criteria,
which areapplied aswelltothemember
oftheboard
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
c) Relating toother
transport equipment
(CPC 83101 +
CPC 83102 +
CPC 83105)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
Non-transport
d) Relating toother
machinery and
equipment
(CPC 83106 -
CPC 83109)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 13GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 14
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
F. Other business services
a) Advertising services
(CPC 871)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
b) Market research and
public opinion polling
services
(CPC 864)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
c) Management consulting
services
(CPC 865)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneFINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
d) Services related to
management consulting
(CPC 866)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
e) Technical testing and
analysis services
(CPC 8676)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
f),g)Services incidental to
agriculture, forestry and
fishing (concerned parts
ofCPC 88consisting
specialised consultancy
services only)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 15GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 16
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
h) Services incidental to
mining (concerned parts
ofCPC 88consisting
specialised consultancy
services only)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
l) Security services
(parts ofCPC 873)1) Establishment requirement
2) None
3) Licence oftheCounty Government is
required foracommercial presence.
Licence maybegranted onlytoFinnish
citizens andFinnish registered
organizations.
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
m) Related scientific and
technical consulting
services
(CPC 8675)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneFINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
n) Maintenance andrepair
ofequipment (CPC 633
+CPC 8861 -
CPC 8866, notincluding
maritime vessels, aircraft
orother transport
equipment)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
o) Building-cleaning
services
(CPC 874)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None
p) Photographic services
(CPC 875)1) Unbound* except foraerial photography:
None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) Unbound* except foraerial photography:
None
2) None
3) None
4) None
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/33
Page 17GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 18
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
r) Printing, publishing
(CPC 88442)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) Residency requirement foraperson in
charge ofprinting
4) Residency requirement foraperson in
charge ofprinting
s) Public relation services
(CPC 87909)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
t) Other
Certified translators/
interpreters
(CPC 87905)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Residency requirement forcertified
translatorsFINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
Other translators/
interpreters
(CPC 87905)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
Exhibition management
services
(CPC 87909)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 19GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 20
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
2. COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
C. Telecommunication
Services
Value-added services1,
electronic mail, voice
mail, on-line information
anddatabaseretrieval,
EDI, code andprotocol
conversion1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
3. CONSTRUCTION AND
RELATED
ENGINEERING
SERVICES
A. General construction
work forbuildings
(CPC 512)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
1 Excludes voice telephony, telegraph, telex, packet andcircuit switched dataservices, mobile radio telephony, paging andsatellite services.FINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
B. General construction
work forcivil
engineering
(CPC 513)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
C. Installation andassembly
work
(CPC 514+CPC 516)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
4. DISTRIBUTION
SERVICES
(excluding arms,
alcoholic beverages and
pharmaceutical products)
A. Commission agents '
services
(CPC 621)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 21GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 22
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
B. Wholesale trade services
(CPC 622)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
C. Retailing services
(CPC 631+CPC 632
+CPC 6111 +
CPC 6113 +CPC 6121)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
D. Franchising
(CPC 8929)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneFINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
6. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES
B. Refuse disposal services
(CPC 9402)1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) None
D. Other environmental
services
(CPC 9404, CPC 9405,
CPC 9406, CPC 9409)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES
Commitments inFINANCIAL SERVICES aremade inaccordance withtheUnderstanding onCommitments inFinancial Services (Understanding)
Insurance Services
(including services
auxiliary toinsurance)
Direct insurance and
reinsurance1) Foreign insurers mayoncross-border trade
without licence offer onlyreinsurances and
retrocessions inFinland1) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 23GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 24
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
2) Obligatory insurances (thestatutory
employment pension insurance, the
statutory accident insurance, themotor
third party liability insurance, the
insurance against treatment injury) have to
beeffected inFinland2) None
3) Requirements concerning citizenship and
place ofresidence, from which an
exemption maybegranted insome cases,
apply tothefounder, Managing Director,
Auditors andMembers oftheBoard of
Directors andtheSupervisory Board ofan
insurance company3) Thegeneral agent oftheforeign insurance
company shall reside inFinland. The
general agent willbeapproved bythe
Ministry ofSocial Affairs andHealth
Branches offoreign insurance companies
cannot getalicence inFinland tocarry on
statutory insurances business (thestatutory
employment pension insurance, the
statutory accident insurance, themotor
third party liability insurance, the
insurance against treatment injury)
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section4) NoneFINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
Insurance intermediation
andservices auxiliary to
insurance1) Thesupply ofinsurance broker services is
subject toapermanent place ofbusiness in
Finland1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section2) None
3) None
4) None
Banking andother
financial services
(excluding insurance)1) None
2) Payments from governmental entities
(expenses) shall betransacted through the
Finnish Postal Giro System orthrough a
certain credit institution (Postipankki Ltd.)1) None
2) None
Credit institutions
including Banks3) Acquisition ofshares byforeign owners
giving more thanonethird ofthevoting
rights ofamajor Finnish commercial bank
orcredit institution (with more than1000
employees orwithaturnover exceeding
1000 million Finnish markka orwitha
balance sheet totalexceeding 1000 million
Finnish markka) issubject toconfirmation
bytheFinnish authorities; theconfirmation
maybedenied onlyifanimportant
national interest would bejeopardized3) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 25GATS/SC/33
FINLAND (continued) Page 26
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
Requirements concerning nationality and
place ofresidence from which exemptions
maybegranted apply tothefounder, the
Supervisory Board andtheBoard of
Management aswellastheChief General
Manager andauditors
Collective investment
fundsCollective investment funds maynotbe
managed bybranches offoreign
management companies
Intermediation of
securities andderivativesProfessional intermediation ofsecurities
andderivatives (options andfutures)
requires apermanent place ofbusiness in
theform ofalimited liability company, a
deposit bank, other credit institution ora
branch ofaforeign credit institution
Stock Exchange
Brokerage Firms and
BrokersRequirements concerning citizenship and
place ofresidence apply totheBoard of
Directors andManaging Director ofa
Stock Exchange Brokerage Firm aswellas
toaStock Exchange Broker
Market makers and
brokers onderivatives
exchangeCitizenship andresidency requirements
from which exemptions maybegranted
Payments from governmental entities
(expenses) shall betransacted through the
Finnish Postal Giro System orthrough a
certain credit institution (Postipankki Ltd.)FINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section4) None
9. TOURISM AND
TRAVEL RELATED
SERVICES
A. Hotels andrestaurants
services
(incl. catering)
(CPC 641-CPC 643)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
B. Travel agencies andtour
operators services
(CPC 7471)1) None
2) None
3,4) Licence oftheNational Consumer
Administration isrequired. Licence may
begranted onlytoFinnish citizens and
Finnish registered organizations
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 27GATS/SC/33
Page 28FINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
C. Tourist guide services
(CPC 7472)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
10. RECREATIONAL,
CULTURAL AND
SPORTING SERVICES
B. News agency services
(CPC 962)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
D. Sporting andother
recreational services
(CPC 964, except as
regards i.e.gambling,
coinmachines andlike
activities)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) NoneFINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
11. TRANSPORT
SERVICES
C. AirTransport Services
-Sales andmarketing 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) Fordistribution through CRS ofair
transport services provided byCRS parent
carrier: unbound
2) None
3) Fordistribution through CRS ofair
transport services provided byCRS parent
carrier: unbound
4) None
-Computer
reservations systems1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) Forobligations ofparent orparticipating
carriers inrespect ofaCRS controlled by
anaircarrier ofoneormore third
countries: unbound
2) None
3) Forobligations ofparent orparticipating
carriers inrespect ofaCRS controlled by
anaircarrier ofoneormore third
countries: unbound
4) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 29GATS/SC/33
Page 30FINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
-Maintenance and
repair ofaircraft1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None
E. Railtransport services
d) Maintenance andrepair
ofRailTransport
Equipment
(parts ofCPC 88)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.FINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
F. Road transport services
a),b)Passenger andFreight
transportation
(CPC 71213,
CPC 71222,
CPC 71223, CPC 7123)1) Unbound
2) None
3) Authorization required, notextended to
foreign registered vehicles
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) None
d) Maintenance andrepair
services ofroad
transport equipment
(CPC 6112, parts of
CPC 88)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None
Combined transport
services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/33
Page 31GATS/SC/33
Page 32FINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
Charter services
(leasing ofvessels with
crew; seaandroad)
(CPC 7213 +
CPC 7124)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
H. Services auxiliary toall
modes oftransport
(excluding maritime
transport)
b) Storage andwarehousing
services
(CPC 742)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.FINLAND (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1)Cross-border supply 2)Consumption abroad 3)Commercial presence 4)Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional
commitments
c) Freight transport agency
(CPC 748)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
d) Other supporting and
auxiliary transport
services
(CPC 7490)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound except asindicated inthe
horizontal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None
GATS/SC/33
Page 33