APPENDIX TABLESEuropean Union WT/TPR/S/3
Page 187
Table AI.1
Major features oftheEUeconomy bymember State, 1992 and1993
Area
('000
km2)
1993Popu-
lation
('000)
1993GDP
per
capita
(ECU)
1993Share inGDP
(Percent)Total trade
(ECU billion)External trade
(Percent)a
Agri-
culture
1992Industry
1992Services
1992Exp.
1993Imp.
1993Exp.
1993Imp.
1993
Belgiumb30.5 10,010 16,648 1.7 30.5 67.8 103.9 93.1 27.0 30.7
Denmark 43.0 5,190 16,493 3.5 26.6 69.8 30.3 25.1 47.7 47.4
France 549.0 57,667 15,959 2.9 29.7 67.4 189.2 184.7 40.2 36.1
Germany 356.7 81,180 15,789 1.2 37.6 61.3 324.6 292.5 50.2 48.8
Greece 132.0 10,350 7,504 1.7 27.3 55.6 7.5 18.8 44.0 40.0
Ireland 70.2 3,560 11,820 7.6 38. 54.5 24.8 18.0 30.3 35.1
Italy 301.3 57,070 15,209 3.1 31.8 65.2 143.9 126.0 46.7 44.6
Luxembourgb2.6 385 24,199 1.5 31.1 67.5 ... ... ... ...
Netherlands 41.5 15,300 15,007 3.8 36.5 66.4 106.3 95.7 28.7 44.5
Portugal 92.1 9,860 10,196 5.9 36.5 57.6 13.0 20.6 25.1 28.3
Spain 504.8 39,140 11,355 3.8 34.1 62.2 55.2 66.2 37.8 38.0
United Kingdom 244.1 57,830 14,532 1.5 33.1 65.4 154.9 178.8 47.1 51.1
Total EU12 2,259.8 347,542 14,577 2.6 33.1 64.4 1,153.
21,119.
442.2 43.3
Austria 83.6 7,990 16,317 2.4 35.5 62.1 34.3 41.4 36.4 33.0
Finland 338.1 5,066 13,247 5.0 31.2 63.8 20.0 15.4 54.6 54.4
Sweden 450.0 8,718 14,357 2.4 30.8 66.8 42.5 36.4 47.0 45.0
Memorandum:
United States 9,373.0 257,590 20,730 2.1 20.7 77.1 393.2 505.1 ... ...
Japan 377.7 124,670 17,507 2.2 41.1 56.7 307.9 205.3 ... ...
... Notavailable.
a Share intotaltrade.
b Trade dataaregiven forBelgium-Luxembourg.
Source: OECD (1994h); OECD (1994f); Eurostat (1994c); ECCommission (1994c); Statistisches Bundesamt (1993), Statistisches
Jahrbuch fürdieBundesrepublik Deutschland; U.S. Department ofCommerce (1995); andWorld Bank (1995), World Tables,
Stars version.WT/TPR/S/3
Page 188Trade Policy Review
Table AI.2
Main economic indicators bymember State, 1992-94
Interest ratesa
(Percent)Unemployment
(Percent)General government
position
(PercentofGDP)Inflationb
(Percent)
1992 1993 1994c1992 1993 1994c1992 1993 1994c1992 1993 1994c
Belgium 9.4 8.2 5.7 10.3 11.9 12.6 -6.7 -6.6 -5.3 2.1 2.6 2.6
Denmark 11.5 10.3 6.2 11.2 12.2 12.0 -2.6 -4.4 -4.2 2.1 1.7 1.8
France 10.3 8.6 5.8 10.4 11.7 12.6 -3.9 -5.8 -5.7 2.4 2.1 1.7
Germany 9.5 7.3 5.3 7.7 8.8 9.6 -2.9 -3.3 -2.7 4.8 3.9 2.8
Greece ... ... ... 8.7 8.2 9.7 -11.8 -13.5 -13.1 14.6 13.6 10.8
Ireland 14.3 9.1 5.6 16.3 16.7 15.8 -2.2 -2.4 -2.3 2.8 1.6 2.8
Italy 14.4 10.7 8.6 11.6 10.4 11.3 -9.5 -9.6 -9.7 5.2 5.1 4.0
Luxembourg ... ... ... 1.6 2.1 2.4 0.3 1.1 1.3 2.8 3.6 2.3
Netherlands 9.4 7.0 5.1 6.7 8.3 9.3 -3.8 -3.3 -3.8 3.0 2.1 2.3
Portugal ... ... ... 4.2 5.5 6.8 -3.8 -8.0 -7.1 9.8 7.9 5.5
Spain 13.3 11.7 7.9 18.4 22.7 24.3 -4.2 -7.5 -6.8 6.4 5.6 4.9
United
Kingdom9.6 5.9 5.4 9.9 10.2 9.4 -6.2 -7.7 -6.8 4.8 3.5 2.5
Total EU12 ... ... ... 10.2 11.2 11.8 -5.0 -6.0 -5.6 4.6 3.9 3.1
Austria 9.3 7.2 6.6 3.6 4.2 4.4 -2.0 -4.2 -4.2 3.8 3.6 2.9
Finland 13.3 7.8 10.3 13.1 17.9 18.3 -5.8 -7.1 -4.6 4.3 3.8 1.5
Sweden 12.9 8.4 8.1 5.3 8.2 7.9 -7.4 -13.5 -11.2 2.6 6.2 3.2
Memorandum:
United States 3.4 3.0 4.2 7.4 6.8 6.1 -4.3 -3.4 -2.0 3.4 2.2 2.3
Japan 4.3 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.9 1.8 -0.2 -2.0 2.0 1.1 0.6
... Notavailable.
a Short-term (three-month interbank rate).
b Consumer price index.
c Estimates.
Source: OECD (1994h); OECD (1994f); andECCommission (1994c).European Union WT/TPR/S/3
Page 189
Table AI.3
Merchandise exports bycountry andregion, January 1992 -August 1994
(ECU million andpercent)
1992 1993 1993 1994 1993
January -August %
Total 435,655 486,850 304,484 347,035 100
United States 73,905 85,089 52,358 62,238 17.5
Switzerland 38,601 39,371 25,066 27,622 8.1
Austria 29,670 29,473 19,066 20,870 6.1
Japan 20,505 22,751 13,891 16,817 4.7
Sweden 21,404 20,772 12,827 15,041 4.3
Turkey 8,277 11,787 7,054 5,741 2.4
Russian Federation 12,978 11,542 8,749 7,826 2.4
Hong Kong 8,781 11,377 7,018 8,353 2.3
China 6,850 11,339 7,372 8,403 2.3
Norway 9,851 10,019 6,357 7,296 2.1
Poland 8,149 9,968 6,500 6,844 2.0
Saudi Arabia 10,046 9,473 6,082 5,897 1.9
Canada 8,456 8,576 5,275 6,347 1.8
Singapore 6,348 7,677 4,593 5,711 1.6
Korea 6,232 7,671 4,858 6,511 1.6
Chinese Taipei 3,249 7,579 4,859 5,691 1.6
Israel 6,556 7,572 4,702 5,890 1.6
Australia 6,348 6,954 4,349 5,303 1.4
Finland 7,508 6,853 4,463 5,077 1.4
India 5,244 6,295 4,086 4,529 1.3
Czech Republic 6,263 6,077 4,487 4,959 1.2
Mexico 5,720 5,882 3,771 4,479 1.2
South Africa 5,419 5,600 3,580 4,499 1.2
Iran 8,205 5,593 3,459 2,510 1.1
United Arab Emirates 4,462 5,468 3,468 3,978 1.1
Brazil 3,642 5,355 3,407 4,024 1.1
Thailand 3,913 5,047 3,110 3,680 1.0
Hungary 4,060 4,963 3,109 3,864 1.0
Egypt 3,602 4,420 2,706 2,962 0.9
Morocco 3,951 4,234 2,656 2,925 0.9
Indonesia 4,052 4,137 2,497 2,821 0.8
Algeria 3,984 4,132 2,671 2,938 0.8
Malaysia 3,103 3,984 2,267 3,754 0.8
Tunisia 3,498 3,630 2,352 2,464 0.7
Argentina 2,737 3,396 ... ... 0.7
Industrialized countries 239,867 258,067 161,007 185,019 53.0
EFTA 107,698 107,116 68,207 76,270 22.0
Central andeastern Europe 35,243 42,147 25,986 30,955 8.7
Developing countries 152,818 169,391 106,414 118,847 34.8
Asian NICsa24,610 34,304 21,371 26,266 7.0
Mediterranean basinb45,392 53,610 33,099 35,749 11.0
ACP countries 17,047 16,509 10,750 9,306 3.4
Latin America 20,050 23,609 14,925 18,109 4.8
Other 7,727 17,245 11,077 12,214 3.5
... Notavailable.
a Hong Kong, Singapore, Chinese Taipei andKorea.
b Albania, Algeria, Bosnia, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Gibraltar, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia,
Turkey andformer Yugoslavia.
Source: Eurostat (1994 and1995b).WT/TPR/S/3
Page 190Trade Policy Review
Table AI.4
Merchandise imports bycountry andregion, January 1992 -August 1994
(ECU million andpercent)
1992 1993 1993 1994 1993
January -August %
Total 487,674 484,789 317,467 348,927 100
United States 86,766 83,705 58,146 61,726 17.3
Japan 51,508 47,214 31,082 31,532 9.7
Switzerland 34,933 35,675 23,319 24,583 7.4
Sweden 24,610 23,238 14,950 17,284 4.8
Austria 23,075 22,186 14,332 15,599 4.6
China 16,779 19,638 12,843 14,835 4.1
Norway 17,236 17,321 10,958 12,592 3.6
Russian Federation 16,662 15,538 11,475 11,677 3.2
Chinese Taipei 10,713 10,367 6,736 6,739 2.1
Finland 10,854 10,133 6,544 7,758 2.1
Saudi Arabia 9,660 9,207 6,053 5,819 1.9
South Africa 9,097 8,617 5,993 4,628 1.8
Brazil 9,135 8,185 5,222 6,922 1.7
Canada 8,973 7,883 4,962 5,789 1.6
Korea 7,429 7,724 5,032 5,641 1.6
Poland 7,077 7,567 4,766 5,739 1.6
Turkey 6,587 6,540 4,104 4,706 1.3
Hong Kong 5,907 6,427 3,806 4,161 1.3
Singapore 5,648 6,396 3,922 4,850 1.3
Algeria 6,881 6,323 3,823 4,097 1.3
Malaysia 4,937 6,225 3,904 4,752 1.3
Libya 6,923 6,121 4,090 3,992 1.3
India 4,877 5,881 3,945 4,715 1.2
Iran 5,377 5,590 4,017 3,195 1.2
Thailand 5,642 5,530 3,774 4,097 1.1
Indonesia 4,346 5,034 3,374 3,924 1.0
Czech Republic 5,535 4,831 3,747 3,981 1.0
Australia 4,709 3,942 2,574 2,983 0.8
Hungary 3,986 3,942 2,451 2,969 0.8
Israel 3,376 3,422 2,230 2,670 0.7
Morocco 3,312 3,393 2,147 2,465 0.7
Nigeria 3,993 3,113 1,845 2,637 0.6
Argentina 3,302 3,057 ... ... 0.6
Slovenia ... 2,861 ... 2,187 0.6
Tunisia 2,467 2,487 1,808 1,900 0.5
Industrialized countries 287,800 274,980 182,730 195,382 56.7
EFTA 111,616 109,372 70,632 78,369 22.6
Central andeastern Europe 36,619 39,412 25,021 30,862 8.1
Developing countries 145,717 144,503 93,523 104,730 29.8
Asian NICsa29,697 30,914 19,896 21,391 6.4
Mediterranean basinb41,163 39,317 25,080 27,916 8.1
ACP countries 17,955 14,903 9,246 11,922 3.1
Latin America 24,505 21,874 14,177 17,531 4.5
Other 17,538 25,894 16,193 17,953 5.3
... Notavailable.
a Hong Kong, Singapore, Chinese Taipei andKorea.
b Albania, Algeria, Bosnia, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Gibraltar, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia,
Turkey andformer Yugoslavia.
Source: Eurostat (1995b).European Union WT/TPR/S/3
Page 191
Table AI.5
Leading merchandise exports bySITC category, January 1992 -August 1994
(ECU million andpercent)
SITC 1992 1993 1993 1994 1993
January-August (%)
Total trade 435,655 486,850 304,484 347,035 100
78 Road vehicles 37,071 42,322 25,835 31,511 8.7
72 Machinery specialised forparticular industries 26,991 31,051 19,664 22,017 6.4
74 General industrial machinery &equipment, n.e.s. 27,559 30,343 19,303 21,887 6.2
77 Electr. mach., app.&appliances, n.e.s. 25,140 29,889 18,752 22,113 6.1
0 Food andliveanimals 24,887 27,074 16,901 18,564 5.6
79 Other transport equipment 20,914 24,951 14,103 15,302 5.1
89 Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. 20,468 22,311 13,760 15,675 4.6
71 Power generating machinery andequip. 16,335 17,703 10,726 12,265 3.6
66 Non-metallic mineral manufactures n.e.s. 14,776 17,034 10,840 12,423 3.5
67 Ironandsteel 13,133 15,847 9,837 11,144 3.3
65 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, etc. 13,712 14,876 9,459 10,754 3.1
54 Medical andpharmaceutical products 11,527 14,010 8,942 10,513 2.9
33 Petroleum, petroleum products, etc. 9,363 13,972 8,966 8,857 2.9
51 Organic chemicals 11,290 13,565 8,556 10,337 2.8
75 Office mach., automatic data-processing machines 10,659 12,752 7,705 9,243 2.6
69 Manufactures ofmetal, n.e.s. 11,751 12,598 8,101 9,054 2.6
87 Professional, scientific andcontrolling instruments 10,513 11,844 7,356 8,061 2.4
84 Articles ofapparel andclothing accessories 10,911 11,092 7,063 8,113 2.3
76 Telecommunications, etc. 8,350 10,108 6,126 7,721 2.1
1 Beverages andtobacco 8,778 9,361 5,638 6,126 1.9
59 Chemical materials andproducts, n.e.s. 7,733 8,900 5,849 6,419 1.8
57 Plastic inprimary forms 6,236 7,265 4,696 5,373 1.5
64 Paper, paperboard &articles ofpaper, etc. 5,524 6,083 3,905 4,425 1.2
73 Metal working machinery 5,819 5,998 3,684 4,022 1.2
68 Non-ferrous metal 5,270 5,890 3,733 4,147 1.2
0+1 Food, beverages andtobacco 33,648 36,434 22,539 24,690 7.5
2+4 Crude materials, animal &vegetable oils&fats 9,505 10,392 6,602 4,773 2.1
3Mineral fuels, lubricants &related materials 10,508 15,553 9,985 9,925 3.2
5Chemicals 54,204 63,518 40,850 46,754 13.0
7Machinery andtransport equipment 180,550 207,580 127,646 148,229 42.6
6+8 Paper, textile, iron&steel, clothing accessories, etc. 130,271 144,215 90,935 103,650 29.6
Source: Eurostat (1994 and1995b).WT/TPR/S/3
Page 192Trade Policy Review
Table AI.6
Leading merchandise imports bySITC category, January 1992 -August 1994
(ECU million andpercent)
SITC 1992 1993 1993 1994 1993
January -August %
Total trade 487,674 484,789 317,467 348,927 100
33 Petroleum, petroleum products, etc. 54,290 51,362 34,779 33,358 10.6
0 Food andliveanimals 34,580 33,182 21,150 24,147 6.8
84 Articles ofapparel &clothing accessories 26,513 28,620 18,915 20,207 5.9
77 Electr. mach., app.&appliances, n.e.s. 23,703 27,727 17,482 21,973 5.7
75 Office mach., automatic data-processing mach. 26,151 26,537 16,765 19,106 5.5
78 Road vehicles 25,358 23,204 15,709 16,384 4.8
89 Miscellaneous. manufactured articles, n.e.s. 21,633 22,806 17,470 14,665 4.7
76 Telecommunications, etc. 16,652 16,967 10,298 11,708 3.5
79 Other transport equipment 14,588 16,894 10,667 10,661 3.5
71 Power generating machinery andequip. 12,725 13,502 8,683 9,959 2.8
74 General industrial machinery &equip., n.e.s. 13,824 13,317 8,848 9,775 2.7
66 Non-metallic mineral manufactures n.e.s. 8,187 12,273 8,129 8,938 2.5
64 Paper, paperboard &articles ofpaper, etc. 12,882 11,805 7,852 8,690 2.4
65 Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, etc. 11,632 11,548 7,787 8,712 2.4
87 Prof., scientific &controlling instruments 9,986 10,165 6,659 7,143 2.1
68 Non-ferrous metal 11,463 10,110 6,777 8,192 2.1
72 Machinery specialised forparticular ind. 9,932 9,451 6,317 6,950 1.9
69 Manufactures ofmetal, n.e.s. 8,506 8,740 5,692 6,370 1.8
51 Organic chemicals 8,713 8,471 5,517 6,811 1.7
54 Medical andpharmaceutical products 6,891 7,642 4,999 5,606 1.6
67 Ironandsteel 8,643 7,579 4,931 6,363 1.6
57 Plastic inprimary forms 4,479 4,114 2,722 3,025 0.8
59 Chemical materials andproducts, n.e.s. 3,786 3,798 2,547 2,762 0.8
1 Beverages andtobacco 3,215 3,387 2,149 2,426 0.7
73 Metal working machinery 3,344 2,684 1,789 1,878 0.6
0+1 Food, beverages andtobacco 38,496 36,569 23,299 26,573 7.5
2+4 Crude materials, animal andvegetable oilsfats 33,913 31,662 20,571 25,463 6.5
3Mineral fuels, lubricants andrelated materials 64,187 63,556 41,291 41,740 13.1
5Chemicals 33,896 34,086 22,377 25,873 7.0
7Machinery andtransport equipment 146,203 150,281 96,558 108,395 31.0
6+8 Paper, textile, iron&steel, clothing access., etc. 146,071 151,614 102,405 110,135 31.3
Source: Eurostat (1994 and1995b).European Union WT/TPR/S/3
Page 193
Table AI.7
Services trade bysector, 1986 and1992
(ECU million andpercent)
Credits Debits
Value Annual
growthValue Annual
growth
1986 1992 1986-92 1986 1992 1986-92
Total 108,591 163,922 7.1 89,511 151,935 9.2
Seafreight 9,820 10,337 0.9 12,136 12,063 -0.1
Airpassenger services 6,791 9,636 6.0 6,422 9,431 6.6
Other transport 16,279 24,854 7.3 13,653 20,899 7.4
Travel 28,063 47,137 9.0 20,862 40,182 11.5
Trade services 4,832 5,616 2.5 6,307 7,837 3.7
Banking 3,867 11,028 19.1 1,408 6,977 30.6
Insurance 5,999 2,428 -14.0 2,117 3,154 6.9
Advertising 757 1,568 12.9 1,460 1,897 4.5
Business services 7,063 11,915 9.1 4,957 9,069 10.6
Construction 6,594 5,818 -2.1 2,791 2,800 0.1
Income from patents 2,596 4,667 10.3 4,848 8,442 9.7
Other services 21,929 31,346 6.1 14,667 32,338 14.1
Source: Eurostat (1993b).WT/TPR/S/3
Page 194Trade Policy Review
Table AI.8
Regional distribution ofmenber States 'external trade, 1993
(Percent)
EFTAaUnited
StatesJapan Central &
eastern
EuropebMediter.
basincASEAN Latin
AmericaACP Other
Belgium- Exp. 19.5 17.3 4.1 6.4 14.7 5.0 3.5 3.6 25.9
Luxembourg Imp. 18.5 18.3 9.8 6.7 6.0 5.0 5.1 3.7 26.9
Denmark Exp. 45.4 11.2 8.3 7.1 4.2 3.1 2.7 3.1 14.9
Imp. 49.8 9.6 6.6 7.9 1.9 3.9 3.9 1.1 15.3
France Exp. 16.4 17.5 4.6 5.2 14.3 4.7 4.7 6.6 26.1
Imp. 18.8 20.8 7.8 6.1 10.7 4.6 4.2 5.8 21.1
Germany Exp. 29.8 14.8 5.0 13.5 8.2 4.4 4.6 1.3 18.5
Imp. 28.5 12.5 10.7 12.9 7.8 4.9 3.7 1.6 17.4
Greece Exp. 10.7 10.1 2.0 23.9 33.8 1.5 3.6 3.2 11.2
Imp. 13.2 9.3 17.1 11.6 16.0 2.5 2.7 2.1 25.4
Ireland Exp. 17.7 29.3 12.1 2.5 4.8 2.9 3.5 2.7 24.5
Imp. 13.0 42.8 15.1 1.7 1.4 7.7 1.3 2.4 14.5
Italy Exp. 17.3 16.5 4.1 8.6 17.6 3.9 6.3 2.9 22.7
Imp. 21.3 11.9 5.8 11.8 16.4 3.7 5.1 2.7 21.2
Netherlands Exp. 21.7 15.4 3.6 9.8 9.6 6.1 5.1 4.4 21.2
Imp. 16.8 20.5 10.7 5.9 5.0 7.0 6.0 3.2 24.8
Portugal Exp. 32.0 17.7 3.2 2.7 8.0 1.8 3.1 16.1 15.5
Imp. 21.8 11.3 11.5 4.0 108.0 3.7 10.2 9.6 17.2
Spain Exp. 10.8 11.9 2.0 3.8 16.1 3.1 13.3 4.8 34.2
Imp. 14.6 16.6 8.5 4.6 10.7 3.9 10.4 5.8 25.0
United Exp. 15.0 27.1 4.6 3.7 6.7 7.1 3.0 4.0 28.8
Kingdom Imp. 20.9 24.0 11.3 2.9 3.3 7.1 3.1 2.6 24.8
EU12 Exp. 22.0 17.5 4.7 8.7 11.0 4.8 4.8 3.4 23.2
Imp. 22.6 17.3 9.7 8.1 8.1 5.3 4.5 3.1 21.4
Austria Exp. 18.2 9.0 4.2 19.4 10.9 4.0 2.4 1.1 30.7
Imp. 13.1 13.1 13.1 13.6 7.3 3.3 2.5 2.6 31.4
Finland Exp. 8.6 13.9 2.9 15.8 4.4 7.5 2.4 1.4 43.2
Imp. 12.3 13.1 10.4 18.9 1.1 3.4 3.7 1.2 35.9
Sweden Exp. 21.2 17.7 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.5 3.8 2.4 33.2
Imp. 18.5 19.8 10.9 5.8 1.8 2.9 3.1 0.8 36.4
a Austria, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland.
b Armenia, Azerbaïjan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republik, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovak Republik, Tadjikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
c Albania, Algeria, Bosnia, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Gibraltar, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Slovenia, Syria,
Tunisia, Turkey andformer Yugoslavia.
Source: UNSTAT, Comtrade database, SITC Rev.3; Eurostat (1995b).European Union WT/TPR/S/3
Page 195
Table AI.9
Product distibution ofmember State'sexternal trade, 1993
(Percent)
FoodaMineral
fuels,
etc.Chemicals Basic
manuf.Power gen.
machineryTransport
equipmentOther
machinerybOther
manuf.Other
Belgium- Exp. 4.8 3.6 15.3 37.5 1.3 11.1 12.1 5.6 8.6
Luxembourg Imp. 6.5 7.6 9.8 29.5 2.4 11.4 12.6 10.9 9.3
Denmark Exp. 19.9 4.4 11.4 8.5 1.7 7.5 20.4 15.6 10.4
Imp. 13.3 8.6 8.5 17.6 1.8 7.9 15.1 16.0 11.0
France Exp. 7.1 2.5 14.0 13.0 5.4 21.9 19.4 11.5 5.3
Imp. 7.4 16.9 7.9 10.2 4.8 11.8 17.9 17.4 5.8
Germany Exp. 2.9 1.3 13.1 15.2 3.2 17.2 21.5 11.8 3.8
Imp. 5.2 9.9 6.1 15.5 2.5 7.5 23.0 21.4 8.9
Greece Exp. 15.8 16.1 6.5 20.9 0.9 2.0 5.1 13.8 18.9
Imp. 4.4 25.2 7.2 11.8 1.7 25.1 11.1 7.8 5.8
Ireland Exp. 14.2 0.2 26.2 4.7 1.4 0.7 32.8 12.1 7.8
Imp. 4.6 6.0 10.4 7.2 3.4 6.6 43.6 12.4 6.0
Italy Exp. 3.6 3.7 7.6 20.1 2.3 8.2 28.9 21.9 3.8
Imp. 6.3 18.7 8.5 14.0 1.2 4.9 13.4 11.6 21.4
Netherlands Exp. 13.9 5.0 18.0 11.9 2.1 9.3 20.8 8.4 10.4
Imp. 9.0 16.9 7.6 11.6 1.9 7.4 21.3 15.1 9.2
Portugal Exp. 4.9 5.2 5.2 25.9 0.8 5.9 10.4 29.5 12.1
Imp. 15.0 23.6 6.3 11.3 2.0 7.8 15.1 8.2 10.6
Spain Exp. 10.7 4.8 11.1 23.0 1.6 12.9 17.2 13.2 5.5
Imp. 11.5 24.6 6.7 9.0 2.7 7.1 133.7 11.8 12.9
United Exp. 2.8 5.8 14.3 13.6 6.9 9.8 24.4 14.0 8.4
Kingdom Imp. 6.3 8.1 5.6 15.3 3.6 7.5 24.1 17.7 11.9
EU12 Exp. 5.6 3.2 13.0 16.4 3.6 13.8 25.2 13.2 5.9
Imp. 6.8 13.1 7.0 14.5 2.8 8.3 19.9 16.8 10.7
Austria Exp. 4.0 0.9 10.7 27.8 2.9 6.1 2.3 15.2 30.1
Imp. 6.2 12.4 7.0 14.2 1.6 9.9 0.8 18.4 29.6
Finland Exp. 4.1 3.5 7.9 31.4 4.5 7.7 0.5 8.4 32.0
Imp. 6.2 17.2 8.9 12.6 1.7 6.3 0.4 12.6 34.0
Sweden Exp. 2.0 2.1 9.4 19.6 2.8 18.4 1.3 10.3 33.9
Imp. 6.7 13.8 7.3 13.9 2.3 6.2 0.5 18.0 31.3
a Including liveanimals.
b Including telecommunications equipment, office machines, electrical machinery andappliances, etc.
Source: UNSTAT, Comtrade database, SITC Rev. 3;Eurostat (1995b).WT/TPR/S/3
Page 196Trade Policy Review
Table AV.1
Export-related commitments under theCommunities 'Uruguay Round Schedule
ProductsBase outlay
level
ECU millionAnnual outlay
commitment levels
ECU millionBase quantity
'000tonnesAnnual quantity
commitment levels
'000tonnesa
1995 2000 1995 2000
Wheat andwheat flour 1,783.0 2,089.4 1,141.1 17,008.1 19,118.6 13,436.4
Coarse grains 1,379.5 1,296.7 882.9 12,624.5 12,182.6 9,973.4
Rice 61.8 58.1 39.9 183.7 177.3 145.1
Rapeseed 32.2 30.3 20.6 100.4 96.9 79.3
Olive oil 85.9 80.7 55.0 148.0 142.8 116.9
Sugarb776.5 730.0 497.0 1,617.0 1,560.4 1,277.4
Butter andbutteroil 1,325.4 1,245.9 848.2 463.4 447.2 366.1
Skim milkpowder 370.1 347.9 236.9 308.0 297.2 243.3
Cheese 439.2 505.2 281.1 386.2 406.7 305.1
Other milkproducts 1,008.1 947.6 645.2 1,187.9 1,161.4 938.4
Beefmeat 1,967.8 1,900.6 1,259.4 1,034.3 1,118.7 817.1
Pigmeat 183.4 172.4 117.4 508.6 490.8 401.8
Poultry meat 143.2 137.8 91.6 367.8 440.1 290.6
Eggs 39.8 37.4 25.5 105.5 107.2 83.3
Wine 64.5 60.6 41.3 3,080.4b2,972.6 2,433.5
Fruit andvegetables, fresh 102.9 96.7 65.9 1,148.0 1,107.8 906.9
Fruit andvegetables, processed 15.4 14.5 9.9 200.8 193.8 158.6
Rawtobacco 62.9 95.0 40.2 142.5 190.4 112.6
Alcohol 150.2 141.2 96.1 1,452.4 1,401.6 1,147.4
Incorporated products 572.5 646.1 366.4 - - -
- Novariable forthisentry.
a Wine andalcohol: thousand hectolitre.
b Excluding exports ofsugar ofACP andIndian origin, which arenotsubject toreduction commitments.
Source: European Communities. Schedule LXXXEuropean Union WT/TPR/S/3
Page 197
Table AV.2
Employment, production andtrade bysector, 1993
NACE
CodeDescription Employment Production Value
addedaImports Exports Production
(1985
prices)Import
pene-
trationTotal Extra Total Extra
(million) (ECU bn) (percent)
1100 Extraction ofsolid fuels ... ... ... 4.3 4.3 0.5 0.1 ... ...
1200 Coke ovens ... ... ... 0.30.3 0.4 0.1 ... ...
1300 Extr. ofpetroleum &nat.gas ... ... ...46.1 41.4 7.2 3.8 ... ...
1400 Mineral oilrefining 0.1 136.0 74.2 22.3 9.8 22.6 9.9 135.4 7.2
1500 Nuclear fuels industry ... ... ... 2.4 0.8 2.5 1.0 ... ...
1600 Electr., gas,steam 0.9 ... ...10.9 5.6 7.2 1.4 ... ...
1700 Water supply 0.1 ... ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... ...
2100 Extr. prep. metall. ores ... ... ... 5.3 4.4 0.8 0.3 ... ...
2200 Metals (prel. proc.) 0.7 106.9 32.2 58.6 27.3 55.5 22.4 123.6 24.4
2210 Ironandsteel 0.3 51.6 16.4 17.5 4.1 24.5 10.3 58.5 9.0
2300 Non-metallic minerals 0.1 ... ... 5.1 3.0 3.2 1.0 ... ...
2400 Non-metallic mineral prod. 0.9 95.1 44.2 16.2 4.4 22.9 9.3 90.6 4.9
2500 Chemicals 1.6 276.9 107.9 114.4 34.9 131.1 58.1 283.1 13.8
2570 Pharmaceuticals 0.4 68.9 31.7 16.0 6.3 22.4 12.5 68.4 10.1
2600 Man-made fibres 0.0 7.0 2.4 5.3 1.3 4.2 1.2 7.6 18.0
3100 Metal articles 2.0 169.7 77.5 27.5 9.9 35.5 15.3 163.1 6.0
3200 Mechanical engineering 2.1 210.7 90.4 75.8 30.8 125.6 75.1 193.9 18.5
3300 Office &DP-machinery 0.2 44.9 16.9 50.1 25.3 36.4 12.0 52.1 43.5
3400 Electrical engineering 2.4 252.0 113.7 108.9 53.7 109.9 49.9 255.3 21.0
3500 Motor vehicles &parts 1.7 245.2 79.1 99.2 21.9 113.2 36.7 223.5 9.5
3600 Other transport 0.7 70.3 28.5 42.1 20.6 47.0 24.5 66.8 31.0
3610 Shipbuilding 0.2 15.5 5.1 4.1 3.3 6.7 5.5 14.5 24.9
3700 Instrument engineering 0.3 25.1 13.2 23.9 12.9 22.0 10.8 23.2 47.4
4100 Food, drink, tobacco 2.4 457.8 144.6 82.7 21.9 93.6 30.8 437.9 4.9
4200 Sugar manuf. &refin. ... ... ... 2.1 1.2 2.6 1.4 ... ...
4300 Textile industry ... ... ... 44.4 19.7 45.1 17.1 ... ...
4400 Leather &leather goods 0.1 9.1 3.0 6.0 3.7 6.1 3.5 9.6 40.0
4500 Footwear &clothing 1.1 67.4 24.1 42.1 24.9 32.1 12.7 65.6 31.3
4530 Clothing 0.8 45.4 16.9 27.7 18.0 18.2 7.1 43.9 32.0
4600 Timber &wooden ind. 0.9 74.0 29.7 22.5 13.5 16.9 6.0 70.2 16.5
4700 Paper; print. &publish. 1.4 164.1 69.0 35.5 17.7 30.0 10.9 163.7 10.4
4800 Procofrubber &plastics 1.1 104.2 44.5 31.9 9.3 36.7 12.3 101.3 9.2
4900 Other manuf. ind. 0.2 19.8 9.1 58.3 29.5 72.2 37.6 19.1 ...
5000 Building &civileng. 3.4 320.5 147.6 ... ... ... ... 312.4 ...
9001 Manufacturing industry 20.9 2,621.5 1,032.6 970.7 394.1 1,061.4 457.2 2,573.8 15.4
... Notavailable.
a Atmarket prices.
Source: EUROSTAT/D2, 1993, VISA/LAN database.WT/TPR/S/3
Page 198Trade Policy Review
Table AV.3
EUtariffs byISIC categories, 1995 and2000
(Percent)
ISIC
CodeDescription Number
of
linesBase rate(1995) Final rate
(2001)
Simple
averageRange Standard
dev.Simple
average
Total 8,706 7.4 0-117 5.7 4.5
1 Agriculture, hunting, forestry &fishing ... ... ... ... ...
111 Agricultural andlivestock production ... ... ... ... ...
12 Forestry andlogging 42 0.6 0-5 1.5 0.2
121 Forestry 23 1.0 0-5 1.9 0.3
122 Logging 19 0.1 0-2.5 0.6 0.0
130 Fishing 111 11.0 0-25 6.4 9.7
1301 Ocean andcoastal fishing 96 11.5 0-25 6.5 10.2
1302 Fishing n.e.c. 15 8.1 0-15 5.2 7.0
2 Mining &quarrying 132 0.8 0-18.3 2.9 0.3
210 Coalmining 6 0.4 0-1.4 0.5 0.0
220 Crude petroleum andnatural gas 7 3.1 0-16 5.7 1.5
230 Metal oremining 27 0.0 0 0.0 0.0
2301 Ironoremining 2 0.0 0 0.0 0.0
2302 Non-ferrous oremining 25 0.0 0 0.0 0.0
290 Other mining 92 0.9 0-18.3 3.0 0.3
2901 Stone quarrying, clayandsandpits 43 0.4 0-4.1 1.1 0.0
2902 Chemical andfertilizer mineral mining 13 0.3 0-1.8 0.6 0.0
2903 Saltmining 5 10.6 0-18.3 8.1 5.3
2909 Mining andquarrying n.e.c. 31 0.3 0-3.2 0.8 0.0
3 Manufacturing 8,061 7.4 0-117 5.5 4.5
31 Food, beverages andtobacco 772 15.1 0-117 11.0 11.1
311 Food products 690 14.9 0-42 9.2 11.3
3111 Slaughtering, preparing, preserving meat ... ... ... ... ...
3112 Manufacture ofdairy products ... ... ... ... ...
3113 Canning, preserving fruitandvegetables 254 20.1 0-42 9.3 15.3
3114 Canning, preserving fish,crustacea etc. 193 14.9 0-30 6.0 12.9
3115 Manufact. ofvegetable &animal oils&fats 117 8.9 0-25 6.8 5.6
3116 Grain millproducts ... ... ... ... ...
3117 Manufacture ofbakery products ... ... ... ... ...
3118 Sugar factories andrefineries ... ... ... ... ...
3119 Manuf. ofcocoa, chocolate, sugar confectionery ... ... ... ... ...
312 Other foodproducts andanimal feeds 54 9.6 0-30 8.3 6.0
3121 Food products n.e.s. 41 11.3 0-30 8.2 7.0
3122 Manufacture ofprepared animal feeds 13 4.1 0-15 6.4 2.8
Table AV.3 (cont'd)European Union WT/TPR/S/3
Page 199
ISIC
CodeDescription Number
of
linesBase rate(1995) Final rate
(2001)
Simple
averageRange Standard
dev.Simple
average
313 Beverages ... ... ... ... ...
3131 Distilling, rectifying, blending spirits ... ... ... ... ...
3132 Wine industries ... ... ... ... ...
3133 Maltliquors andmalt ... ... ... ... ...
3134 Softdrinks, carbonated waters industries ... ... ... ... ...
3140 Tobacco manufacturing 7 66.6 26-117 34.5 39.3
32 Textile, wearing apparel andleather industries 1,461 9.8 0-25 3.9 7.6
321 Textiles 1,087 9.8 0-25 3.7 7.4
3211 Spinning, weaving, finalising textiles 624 8.7 0-17 3.6 6.0
3212 Textile goods excl. weaving apparel 94 11.2 5.3-14 2.9 10.1
3213 Knitting mills 225 12.9 6.5-14 1.6 10.7
3214 Manufacture ofcarpets andrugs 47 10.0 3-14 2.8 7.5
3215 Cordage, ropeandtwine industries 26 12.8 5.8-25 4.6 8.2
3219 Manufacture oftextiles n.e.s. 71 7.0 3.2-14 2.7 6.1
322 Manufacture ofwearing apparel 216 12.4 0-14 3.0 10.6
323 Leather products 105 4.7 0-12 2.6 3.2
3231 Tanneries andleather finishing 40 3.8 0-7 2.5 3.1
3232 Furdressing anddyeing industries 30 3.9 2.9-6 0.9 1.9
3233 Manufacture ofleather products excl. footwear 35 6.6 3.8-12 2.8 4.4
324 Manufacture offootwear 53 8.4 4.6-20 4.4 7.4
33 Wood andwood products, including furniture 166 5.0 0-10 2.6 1.7
331 Wood andwood products, except furniture 131 4.8 0-10 2.8 1.8
3311 Sawmills andwoodmills 91 4.6 0-10 3.0 1.7
3312 Wooden casecontainers, etc. 17 5.2 0-7.5 1.8 3.1
3319 Wood andcorkproducts 23 5.2 0-10 2.4 1.2
332 Furniture &fixtures except ofmetal 35 5.7 0-7 1.2 1.4
34 Paper, paper products, printing andpublishing 240 7.4 0-12.5 3.7 0.3
341 Paper products 198 7.6 0-12.5 3.4 0.4
3411 Manufacture ofpulp, paper, paperboard 131 6.7 0-10 3.5 0.6
3412 Containers &boxes ofpaper &board 9 11.7 11-12 0.5 0.0
3419 Pulp, paper, paperboard n.e.s. 58 9.0 0-12.5 2.1 0.0
342 Printing, publishing &allied industries 42 6.2 0-12 4.8 0.0
35 Chemicals, petroleum, coal, rubber, plastics 1,537 7.0 0-20 3.5 4.5
351 Industrial chemicals 959 7.4 0-20 3.3 5.0
3511 Basic indust. chemicals excl. fertilizer 691 7.1 0-20 3.0 4.9
3512 Fertilizer &pesticides 46 5.3 0-11 3.3 4.6
3513 Resins, plastics &man-made fibres 222 8.8 0-16 3.8 5.6
352 Other chemicals, incl.pharm. 392 6.4 0-17.6 2.7 3.3
3521 Paints, varnishes, lacquers 28 7.8 3.7-10 2.3 6.0
3522 Drugs andmedicines 131 6.9 0-17.6 2.7 1.4
3523 Soap, cleaning agents, perfumes etc. 36 6.5 1.5-6.9 0.9 2.1
3529 Chemical products n.e.s. 197 5.8 0-13 2.8 4.3
Table AV.3 (cont'd)WT/TPR/S/3
Page 200Trade Policy Review
ISIC
CodeDescription Number
of
linesBase rate(1995) Final rate
(2001)
Simple
averageRange Standard
dev.Simple
average
353 Petroleum refineries 46 4.3 0-7.1 2.5 2.8
354 Miscell. petroleum &coalproducts 18 1.4 0-9 2.1 0.0
355 Rubber products 88 7.7 0-20 7.0 5.7
3551 Tyre andtubeindustries 21 4.8 0-5.8 2.1 3.3
3559 Rubber products n.e.s. 67 8.7 0-20 7.8 6.4
356 Plastic products n.e.s. 34 7.7 0-8.6 2.1 5.9
36 Non-metallic mineral prod. except ofpetrol &coal 294 6.1 0-13.5 3.0 3.8
361 Pottery andchina 24 8.4 5-13.5 2.6 5.9
362 Glass andglass products 146 7.0 0-12.5 2.9 4.6
369 Other non-metallic mineral products 124 4.5 0-10 2.5 2.4
3691 Manufacture ofstructural clayproducts 31 6.4 2.7-9 2.3 3.7
3692 Manufacture ofcement, lime&plaster 10 3.3 3.2-3.5 0.1 1.7
3699 Non-metallic mineral products n.e.s. 83 3.9 0-10 2.3 1.9
37 Basic metal industries 800 5.0 0-10 2.6 1.1
371 Ironandsteelbasic industries 542 5.3 0-10 2.1 0.2
372 Non-ferrous metal basic industries 258 4.5 0-10 3.4 3.0
38 Fabricated metal products, mach. &equipment 2,488 5.2 0-22 3.0 2.7
381 Fabricated metal products 339 5.5 0-17 2.4 2.7
3811 Cutlery, hand tools, etc. 101 6.1 0-17 3.7 3.0
3812 Metal furniture andfixtures 18 4.7 0-5.6 1.8 0.8
3813 Structural metal products 32 5.1 3.9-7 1.0 2.4
3819 Fabricated metal products n.e.s. 188 5.4 0-9 1.6 2.7
382 Non-electrical machinery incl.computers 930 4.2 0-12 1.7 1.8
3821 Engines andturbines 36 5.4 0-6.9 2.1 3.4
3822 Agricultural machinery andequipment 26 5.7 3.5-11 2.4 1.4
3823 Metal &wood working machinery 218 4.3 2.2-8.4 1.0 2.3
3824 Special industrial mach. &equipment 188 4.0 0-11 1.4 1.3
3825 Office, computing, accounting machinery 58 4.6 0-12 2.2 1.8
3829 Machinery &equipment excl. electrical n.e.s. 404 3.9 0-12 1.8 1.7
383 Electrical machinery 534 5.9 0-15 3.6 3.4
3831 Electrical indust. machi. &apparatus 139 4.0 0-8.5 2.2 2.2
3832 Radio, T.V. &communications equip. 225 7.3 0-15 4.6 4.4
3833 Electrical appliances &housewares 40 5.0 0-6.9 1.0 2.7
3839 Electrical apparatus &supplies n.e.s. 130 5.6 0-9 2.1 3.0
384 Transport equipment 323 6.3 0-22 4.8 4.3
3841 Shipbuilding &repairing 57 3.0 0-10 2.5 1.8
3842 Railroad equipment 35 4.7 3.8-7.5 0.9 1.8
3843 Motor vehicles 149 8.5 0-22 5.3 6.4
3844 Motorcycles andbicycles 31 8.7 6-17 2.3 5.7
3845 Aircraft 45 2.9 0-15 3.5 1.6
3849 Transport equipment n.e.s. 6 4.6 3.8-4.9 0.5 1.5
Table AV.3 (cont'd)European Union WT/TPR/S/3
Page 201
ISIC
CodeDescription Number
of
linesBase rate(1995) Final rate
(2001)
Simple
averageRange Standard
dev.Simple
average
385 Professional andscientific equipment 362 5.5 0-16.1 2.5 2.5
3851 Professional scientific &measuring equip. n.e.s. 206 5.2 0-11 2.7 1.5
3852 Photographic &optical goods 84 6.6 0-10 1.9 3.7
3853 Watches andclocks 72 5.4 0-16.1 2.2 3.9
39 Other manufacturing industries 303 5.8 0-20 3.0 2.6
3901 Jewellery andrelated articles 22 2.6 0-8 2.5 1.4
3902 Musical instruments 32 5.5 3.2-7.5 0.9 3.2
3903 Sporting andathletic goods 39 6.5 0-20 3.5 3.6
3909 Manufacturing industries n.e.s. 210 6.1 0-20 2.9 2.5
... Notavailable.
Source: WTO Secretariat calculations.WT/TPR/S/3
Page 202Trade Policy Review
Table AV.4
Suppliers affected bythefirstliberalization stage under theWTO Agreement onTextiles andClothing, 1995
(Percentof1990 exports toEU12 subject tointegration intotheGATT)
Supplier Allproducts Tops, yarns Fabrics Made-up textiles Clothing
Thailand 33.5a
(7.9)b85
(43)7
(28)8
(27)0
(2)
China 33.2
(19.3)0
(0)57
(74)36
(15)7
(11)
Czech Republic 24.6
(11.0)17
(59)27
(37)2
(5)1
(8)
Chinese Taipei 22.3
(23.3)1
(1)81
(78)16
(16)2
(5)
EFTAc16.7
(9.3)21
(15)69
(72)10
(9)0
(4)
Germanyd16.2
(8.1)11
(11)47
(73)42
(14)0
(2)
India 15.9
(8.9)34
(7)49
(16)17
(76)0
(1)
Italyd12.7
(4.9)20
(11)66
(63)13
(16)1
(10)
Hungary 5.3
(10.4)1
(0)67
(25)31
(73)1
(2)
Hong Kong 5.0
(2.4)2
(0)63
(60)29
(29)6
(11)
Poland 4.0
(3.1)24
(5)29
(21)35
(56)12
(18)
Mexico 3.8
(7.5)26
(9)60
(74)2
(2)12
(15)
Tunisia 3.6
(4.5)0
(0)20
(13)75
(82)5
(5)
Portugald2.7
(3.3)7
(2)44
(14)45
(76)4
(8)
Indonesia 2.6
(2.2)3
(1)62
(50)33
(43)2
(6)
Turkey 2.3
(0.8)81
(0)14
(23)4
(72)1
(5)
Colombia 2.1
(13.2)0
(0)1
(0)99
(99)0
(1)
Morocco 1.8
(2.5)1
(0)41
(23)54
(72)4
(5)
Brazil 1.7
(10.5)1
(0)17
(4)80
(95)2
(1)
ACP 0.9
(10.5)0
(0)48
(4)40
(95)12
(1)
Alldeveloping countries 15.9
(7.7)24
(5)48
(55)25
(33)3
(7)
a Volume.
b Value.
c Austria, Finland, Iceland, Noway, Sweden andSwitzlerland.
d Exports tothe11other member States.
Note: EUmembers andcountries withpreferential access totheEUmarket areprinted inbold.
Source: Calculations byD.Spinanger, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, notyetpublished.