Page145
AGREEMENT ONIMPLEMENTATION OFARTICLE VI
OFTHE GENERAL AGREEMENT ONTARIFFS AND TRADE 1994
Members hereby agree asfollows:
PART I
Article 1
Principles
Ananti-dumpingmeasureshallbeappliedonlyunderthecircumstancesprovidedforinArticleVI
ofGATT 1994 andpursuant toinvestigations initiated1andconducted inaccordance withtheprovisions
ofthisAgreement. Thefollowing provisions govern theapplication ofArticle VIofGATT 1994 in
sofarasaction istaken under anti-dumping legislation orregulations.
Article 2
Determination ofDumping
2.1 Forthepurpose ofthisAgreement, aproduct istobeconsidered asbeing dumped, i.e.
introduced intothecommerce ofanother country atlessthanitsnormal value, iftheexport price of
theproduct exported from onecountry toanother islessthanthecomparable price, intheordinary
course oftrade, forthelikeproduct when destined forconsumption intheexporting country.
2.2 When there arenosales ofthelikeproduct intheordinary course oftrade inthedomestic
market oftheexporting country orwhen, because oftheparticular market situation orthelowvolume
ofthesales inthedomestic market oftheexporting country2,suchsales donotpermit aproper
comparison, themargin ofdumping shallbedetermined bycomparison withacomparable price of
thelikeproduct when exported toanappropriate thirdcountry, provided thatthispriceisrepresentative,
orwiththecostofproduction inthecountry oforigin plusareasonable amount foradministrative,
selling andgeneral costs andforprofits.
2.2.1 Sales ofthelikeproduct inthedomestic market oftheexporting country orsalesto
athirdcountry atprices below perunit(fixed andvariable) costs ofproduction plus
administrative, selling andgeneral costs maybetreated asnotbeing intheordinary
course oftradebyreason ofpriceandmaybedisregarded indetermining normal value
1Theterm"initiated" asusedinthisAgreement means theprocedural action bywhich aMember formally commences
aninvestigation asprovided inArticle 5.
2Sales ofthelikeproduct destined forconsumption inthedomestic market oftheexporting country shallnormally be
considered asufficient quantity forthedetermination ofthenormal value ifsuchsales constitute 5percentormore ofthe
sales oftheproduct under consideration totheimporting Member, provided thatalower ratioshould beacceptable where
theevidence demonstrates thatdomestic sales atsuchlower ratioarenonetheless ofsufficient magnitude toprovide fora
proper comparison.Page146
onlyiftheauthorities3determine thatsuchsalesaremade within anextended period
oftime4insubstantial quantities5andareatprices which donotprovide fortherecovery
ofallcostswithin areasonable period oftime. Ifprices which arebelow perunitcosts
atthetimeofsaleareabove weighted average perunitcosts fortheperiod of
investigation, suchprices shallbeconsidered toprovide forrecovery ofcosts within
areasonable period oftime.
2.2.1.1 Forthepurpose ofparagraph 2,costsshallnormally becalculated on
thebasis ofrecords kept bytheexporter orproducer under
investigation, provided thatsuchrecords areinaccordance withthe
generally accepted accounting principles oftheexporting country and
reasonably reflect thecosts associated withtheproduction andsale
oftheproduct under consideration. Authorities shall consider all
available evidence ontheproper allocation ofcosts, including that
which ismade available bytheexporter orproducer inthecourse of
theinvestigation provided thatsuchallocations havebeenhistorically
utilized bytheexporter orproducer, inparticular inrelation to
establishing appropriate amortization anddepreciation periods and
allowances forcapital expenditures andother development costs.
Unlessalreadyreflectedinthecostallocationsunderthissub-paragraph,
costsshallbeadjusted appropriately forthose non-recurring items of
cost which benefit future and/or current production, orfor
circumstances inwhich costs during theperiod ofinvestigation are
affected bystart-up operations.6
2.2.2 Forthepurpose ofparagraph 2,theamounts foradministrative, selling andgeneral
costs andforprofits shallbebased onactual datapertaining toproduction andsales
intheordinary course oftrade ofthelikeproduct bytheexporter orproducer under
investigation. When suchamounts cannot bedetermined onthisbasis, theamounts
maybedetermined onthebasis of:
(i) theactual amounts incurred andrealized bytheexporter orproducer inquestion
inrespect ofproduction andsales inthedomestic market ofthecountry of
origin ofthesame general category ofproducts;
3When inthisAgreement theterm"authorities" isused, itshallbeinterpreted asmeaning authorities atanappropriate
senior level.
4Theextended period oftimeshould normally beoneyearbutshall innocasebelessthansixmonths.
5Sales below perunitcosts aremade insubstantial quantities when theauthorities establish thattheweighted average
selling price ofthetransactions under consideration forthedetermination ofthenormal value isbelow theweighted average
perunitcosts, orthatthevolume ofsales below perunitcosts represents notlessthan20percentofthevolume soldin
transactions under consideration forthedetermination ofthenormal value.
6Theadjustment made forstart-up operations shall reflect thecosts attheendofthestart-up period or,ifthatperiod
extends beyond theperiod ofinvestigation, themostrecent costs which canreasonably betaken intoaccount bytheauthorities
during theinvestigation.Page147
(ii) theweighted average oftheactual amounts incurred andrealized byother
exporters orproducers subject toinvestigation inrespect ofproduction and
salesofthelikeproduct inthedomestic market ofthecountry oforigin;
(iii) anyotherreasonable method, provided thattheamount forprofit soestablished
shallnotexceed theprofit normally realized byother exporters orproducers
onsalesofproducts ofthesame general category inthedomestic market of
thecountry oforigin.
2.3 Incases where there isnoexport price orwhere itappears totheauthorities concerned that
theexport priceisunreliable because ofassociation oracompensatory arrangement between theexporter
andtheimporter orathirdparty, theexport pricemaybeconstructed onthebasisofthepriceatwhich
theimported products arefirstresold toanindependent buyer, oriftheproducts arenotresold toan
independent buyer, ornotresold inthecondition asimported, onsuchreasonable basisastheauthorities
maydetermine.
2.4 Afaircomparisonshallbemadebetweentheexportpriceandthenormalvalue.Thiscomparison
shallbemade atthesame leveloftrade, normally attheex-factory level, andinrespect ofsalesmade
atasnearly aspossible thesame time. Dueallowance shallbemade ineachcase, onitsmerits, for
differences which affect price comparability, including differences inconditions andterms ofsale,
taxation, levels oftrade, quantities, physical characteristics, andanyother differences which arealso
demonstrated toaffect price comparability.7Inthecases referred toinparagraph 3,allowances for
costs, including duties andtaxes, incurred between importation andresale, andforprofits accruing,
should alsobemade. Ifinthese cases price comparability hasbeenaffected, theauthorities shall
establish thenormal value ataleveloftrade equivalent totheleveloftrade oftheconstructed export
price, orshallmake dueallowance aswarranted under thisparagraph. Theauthorities shallindicate
totheparties inquestion whatinformation isnecessary toensure afaircomparison andshallnotimpose
anunreasonable burden ofproof onthose parties.
2.4.1 When thecomparison under paragraph 4requires aconversion ofcurrencies, such
conversion should bemade using therateofexchange onthedateofsale8,provided
thatwhen asaleofforeign currency onforward markets isdirectly linked totheexport
saleinvolved, therateofexchange intheforward saleshallbeused. Fluctuations
inexchange ratesshallbeignored andinaninvestigation theauthorities shallallow
exporters atleast60daystohave adjusted their export prices toreflect sustained
movements inexchange ratesduring theperiod ofinvestigation.
2.4.2 Subject totheprovisions governing faircomparison inparagraph 4,theexistence of
margins ofdumping during theinvestigation phase shallnormally beestablished on
thebasisofacomparison ofaweighted average normal value withaweighted average
ofprices ofallcomparable export transactions orbyacomparison ofnormal value
andexport prices onatransaction-to-transaction basis. Anormal value established
onaweighted average basismaybecompared toprices ofindividual export transactions
iftheauthoritiesfindapatternofexportpriceswhichdiffersignificantlyamongdifferent
7Itisunderstood thatsome oftheabove factors mayoverlap, andauthorities shall ensure thattheydonotduplicate
adjustments thathave been already made under thisprovision.
8Normally, thedateofsalewould bethedateofcontract, purchase order, order confirmation, orinvoice, whichever
establishes thematerial terms ofsale.Page148
purchasers, regions ortimeperiods, andifanexplanation isprovided astowhysuch
differences cannot betaken intoaccount appropriately bytheuseofaweighted
average-to-weighted average ortransaction-to-transaction comparison.
2.5 Inthecasewhere products arenotimported directly fromthecountry oforigin butareexported
totheimporting Member fromanintermediate country, theprice atwhich theproducts aresoldfrom
thecountry ofexport totheimporting Member shallnormally becompared withthecomparable price
inthecountry ofexport. However, comparison maybemade withtheprice inthecountry oforigin,
if,forexample, theproducts aremerely transshipped through thecountry ofexport, orsuchproducts
arenotproduced inthecountry ofexport, orthere isnocomparable price forthem inthecountry
ofexport.
2.6 Throughout thisAgreement theterm"likeproduct" ("produit similaire") shallbeinterpreted
tomean aproduct which isidentical, i.e.alikeinallrespects totheproduct under consideration, or
intheabsence ofsuchaproduct, another product which, although notalike inallrespects, has
characteristics closely resembling those oftheproduct under consideration.
2.7 ThisArticle iswithout prejudice tothesecond Supplementary Provision toparagraph 1of
Article VIinAnnex ItoGATT 1994.
Article 3
Determination ofInjury9
3.1 Adetermination ofinjury forpurposes ofArticle VIofGATT 1994shallbebased onpositive
evidence andinvolve anobjective examination ofboth(a)thevolume ofthedumped imports andthe
effect ofthedumped imports onprices inthedomestic market forlikeproducts, and(b)theconsequent
impact ofthese imports ondomestic producers ofsuchproducts.
3.2 Withregard tothevolume ofthedumped imports, theinvestigating authorities shallconsider
whether there hasbeenasignificant increase indumped imports, either inabsolute terms orrelative
toproduction orconsumption intheimporting Member. With regard totheeffect ofthedumped
imports onprices, theinvestigating authorities shallconsider whether therehasbeenasignificant price
undercutting bythedumped imports ascompared withtheprice ofalikeproduct oftheimporting
Member, orwhether theeffect ofsuchimports isotherwise todepress prices toasignificant degree
orprevent price increases, which otherwise would haveoccurred, toasignificant degree. Noone
orseveral ofthese factors cannecessarily givedecisive guidance.
3.3 Where imports ofaproduct from more thanonecountry aresimultaneously subject to
anti-dumping investigations, theinvestigating authorities maycumulatively assess theeffects ofsuch
imports onlyiftheydetermine that(a)themargin ofdumping established inrelation totheimports
fromeachcountry ismore thandeminimis asdefined inparagraph 8ofArticle 5andthevolume of
imports fromeachcountry isnotnegligible and(b)acumulative assessment oftheeffects oftheimports
isappropriate inlightoftheconditions ofcompetition between theimported products andtheconditions
ofcompetition between theimported products andthelikedomestic product.
9Under thisAgreement theterm"injury" shall, unless otherwise specified, betaken tomean material injury toadomestic
industry, threat ofmaterial injury toadomestic industry ormaterial retardation oftheestablishment ofsuchanindustry
andshall beinterpreted inaccordance withtheprovisions ofthisArticle.Page149
3.4 Theexamination oftheimpact ofthedumped imports onthedomestic industry concerned shall
include anevaluation ofallrelevant economic factors andindices having abearing onthestateofthe
industry, including actual andpotential decline insales, profits, output, market share, productivity,
return oninvestments, orutilization ofcapacity; factors affecting domestic prices; themagnitude
ofthemargin ofdumping; actual andpotential negative effects oncashflow, inventories, employment,
wages, growth, ability toraisecapital orinvestments. Thislistisnotexhaustive, norcanoneorseveral
ofthese factors necessarily givedecisive guidance.
3.5 Itmustbedemonstrated thatthedumped imports are,through theeffects ofdumping, asset
forthinparagraphs 2and4,causing injury within themeaning ofthisAgreement. Thedemonstration
ofacausal relationship between thedumped imports andtheinjury tothedomestic industry shallbe
based onanexamination ofallrelevant evidence before theauthorities. Theauthorities shallalso
examine anyknown factors other thanthedumped imports which atthesame timeareinjuring the
domestic industry, andtheinjuries caused bythese other factors mustnotbeattributed tothedumped
imports. Factors which mayberelevant inthisrespect include, interalia,thevolume andprices
ofimports notsoldatdumping prices, contraction indemand orchanges inthepatterns ofconsumption,
traderestrictive practices ofandcompetition between theforeign anddomestic producers, developments
intechnology andtheexport performance andproductivity ofthedomestic industry.
3.6 Theeffect ofthedumped imports shallbeassessed inrelation tothedomestic production of
thelikeproduct when available datapermit theseparate identification ofthatproduction onthebasis
ofsuchcriteria astheproduction process, producers 'salesandprofits. Ifsuchseparate identification
ofthatproduction isnotpossible, theeffects ofthedumped imports shallbeassessed bytheexamination
oftheproduction ofthenarrowest group orrange ofproducts, which includes thelikeproduct, for
which thenecessary information canbeprovided.
3.7 Adeterminationofathreatofmaterialinjuryshallbebasedonfactsandnotmerelyonallegation,
conjecture orremote possibility. Thechange incircumstances which would create asituation inwhich
thedumping would cause injury mustbeclearly foreseen andimminent.10Inmaking adetermination
regarding theexistence ofathreat ofmaterial injury, theauthorities should consider, interalia,such
factors as:
(i) asignificant rateofincrease ofdumped imports intothedomestic market indicating
thelikelihood ofsubstantially increased importation;
(ii) sufficient freely disposable, oranimminent, substantial increase in,capacity ofthe
exporter indicating thelikelihood ofsubstantially increased dumped exports tothe
importing Member 'smarket, taking intoaccount theavailability ofotherexport markets
toabsorb anyadditional exports;
(iii) whether imports areentering atprices thatwillhave asignificant depressing or
suppressing effect ondomestic prices, andwould likely increase demand forfurther
imports; and
(iv) inventories oftheproduct being investigated.
Nooneofthese factors byitself cannecessarily givedecisive guidance butthetotality ofthefactors
10Oneexample, though notanexclusive one,isthatthere isconvincing reason tobelieve thatthere willbe,inthenear
future, substantially increased importation oftheproduct atdumped prices.Page150
considered must leadtotheconclusion thatfurther dumped exports areimminent andthat,unless
protective action istaken, material injury would occur.
3.8 With respect tocases where injury isthreatened bydumped imports, theapplication of
anti-dumping measures shallbeconsidered anddecided withspecial care.
Article 4
Definition ofDomestic Industry
4.1 ForthepurposesofthisAgreement,theterm"domesticindustry"shallbeinterpretedasreferring
tothedomestic producers asawhole ofthelikeproducts ortothose ofthem whose collective output
oftheproducts constitutes amajor proportion ofthetotaldomestic production ofthose products, except
that:
(i) when producers arerelated11totheexporters orimporters orarethemselves importers
oftheallegedly dumped product, theterm"domestic industry" maybeinterpreted as
referring totherestoftheproducers;
(ii) inexceptional circumstances theterritory ofaMember may, fortheproduction in
question, bedivided intotwoormore competitive markets andtheproducers within
eachmarket mayberegarded asaseparate industry if(a)theproducers within such
market sellalloralmost alloftheirproduction oftheproduct inquestion inthatmarket,
and(b)thedemand inthatmarket isnottoanysubstantial degree supplied byproducers
oftheproduct inquestion located elsewhere intheterritory. Insuchcircumstances,
injury maybefound toexistevenwhere amajor portion ofthetotaldomestic industry
isnotinjured, provided thereisaconcentration ofdumped imports intosuchanisolated
market andprovided further thatthedumped imports arecausing injury totheproducers
ofalloralmost alloftheproduction within suchmarket.
4.2 When thedomestic industry hasbeeninterpreted asreferring totheproducers inacertain area,
i.e.amarket asdefined inparagraph 1(ii), anti-dumping duties shallbelevied12onlyontheproducts
inquestion consigned forfinalconsumption tothatarea. When theconstitutional lawoftheimporting
Member doesnotpermit thelevying ofanti-dumping duties onsuchabasis, theimporting Member
maylevytheanti-dumping duties without limitation onlyif(a)theexporters shallhavebeengiven
anopportunity tocease exporting atdumped prices totheareaconcerned orotherwise giveassurances
pursuant toArticle 8andadequate assurances inthisregard havenotbeenpromptly given, and(b)such
duties cannot belevied onlyonproducts ofspecific producers which supply theareainquestion.
4.3 Where twoormore countries have reached under theprovisions ofparagraph 8(a)of
Article XXIV ofGATT 1994suchalevelofintegration thattheyhavethecharacteristics ofasingle,
11Forthepurpose ofthisparagraph, producers shall bedeemed toberelated toexporters orimporters onlyif(a)one
ofthem directly orindirectly controls theother; or(b)bothofthem aredirectly orindirectly controlled byathirdperson;
or(c)together theydirectly orindirectly control athirdperson, provided thatthere aregrounds forbelieving orsuspecting
thattheeffect oftherelationship issuchastocause theproducer concerned tobehave differently fromnon-related producers.
Forthepurpose ofthisparagraph, oneshall bedeemed tocontrol another when theformer islegally oroperationally in
aposition toexercise restraint ordirection overthelatter.
12AsusedinthisAgreement "levy" shall mean thedefinitive orfinallegal assessment orcollection ofadutyortax.Page151
unified market, theindustry intheentire areaofintegration shallbetaken tobethedomestic industry
referred toinparagraph 1.
4.4 Theprovisions ofparagraph 6ofArticle 3shallbeapplicable tothisArticle.
Article 5
Initiation andSubsequent Investigation
5.1 Except asprovided forinparagraph 6,aninvestigation todetermine theexistence, degree and
effect ofanyalleged dumping shallbeinitiated uponawritten application byoronbehalf ofthedomestic
industry.
5.2 Anapplication under paragraph 1shallinclude evidence of(a)dumping, (b)injury within the
meaning ofArticle VIofGATT 1994asinterpreted bythisAgreement and(c)acausal linkbetween
thedumped imports andthealleged injury. Simple assertion, unsubstantiated byrelevant evidence,
cannot beconsidered sufficient tomeettherequirements ofthisparagraph. Theapplication shallcontain
suchinformation asisreasonably available totheapplicant onthefollowing:
(i) theidentity oftheapplicant andadescription ofthevolume andvalue ofthedomestic
production ofthelikeproduct bytheapplicant. Where awritten application ismade
onbehalf ofthedomestic industry, theapplication shallidentify theindustry onbehalf
ofwhich theapplication ismade byalistofallknown domestic producers ofthelike
product (orassociations ofdomestic producers ofthelikeproduct) and,totheextent
possible, adescription ofthevolume andvalue ofdomestic production ofthelike
product accounted forbysuchproducers;
(ii) acomplete description oftheallegedly dumped product, thenames ofthecountry or
countries oforigin orexport inquestion, theidentity ofeachknown exporter orforeign
producer andalistofknown persons importing theproduct inquestion;
(iii) information onprices atwhich theproduct inquestion issoldwhen destined for
consumption inthedomestic markets ofthecountry orcountries oforigin orexport
(or,where appropriate, information ontheprices atwhich theproduct issoldfrom
thecountry orcountries oforigin orexport toathirdcountry orcountries, oronthe
constructedvalueoftheproduct)andinformationonexportpricesor,whereappropriate,
ontheprices atwhich theproduct isfirstresold toanindependent buyer intheterritory
oftheimporting Member;
(iv) information ontheevolution ofthevolume oftheallegedly dumped imports, theeffect
oftheseimports onprices ofthelikeproduct inthedomestic market andtheconsequent
impact oftheimports onthedomestic industry, asdemonstrated byrelevant factors
andindices having abearing onthestateofthedomestic industry, suchasthose listed
inparagraphs 2and4ofArticle 3.
5.3 Theauthorities shall examine theaccuracy andadequacy oftheevidence provided inthe
application todetermine whether thereissufficient evidence tojustify theinitiation ofaninvestigation.Page152
5.4 Aninvestigation shall notbeinitiated pursuant toparagraph 1unless theauthorities have
determined, onthebasisofanexamination ofthedegree ofsupport for,oropposition to,theapplication
expressed13bydomestic producers ofthelikeproduct, thattheapplication hasbeenmade byoron
behalf ofthedomestic industry.14Theapplication shallbeconsidered tohavebeenmade "byoron
behalf ofthedomestic industry" ifitissupported bythose domestic producers whose collective output
constitutes more than50percentofthetotalproduction ofthelikeproduct produced bythatportion
ofthedomestic industry expressing either support fororopposition totheapplication. However, no
investigation shallbeinitiated when domestic producers expressly supporting theapplication account
forlessthan25percentoftotalproduction ofthelikeproduct produced bythedomestic industry.
5.5 Theauthorities shallavoid, unless adecision hasbeenmade toinitiate aninvestigation, any
publicizing oftheapplication fortheinitiation ofaninvestigation. However, afterreceipt ofaproperly
documented application andbefore proceeding toinitiate aninvestigation, theauthorities shallnotify
thegovernment oftheexporting Member concerned.
5.6 If,inspecial circumstances, theauthorities concerned decide toinitiate aninvestigation without
having received awritten application byoronbehalf ofadomestic industry fortheinitiation ofsuch
investigation, theyshallproceed onlyiftheyhavesufficient evidence ofdumping, injury andacausal
link,asdescribed inparagraph 2,tojustify theinitiation ofaninvestigation.
5.7 Theevidence ofbothdumping andinjury shallbeconsidered simultaneously (a)inthedecision
whether ornottoinitiate aninvestigation, and(b)thereafter, during thecourse oftheinvestigation,
starting onadatenotlaterthantheearliest dateonwhich inaccordance withtheprovisions ofthis
Agreement provisional measures maybeapplied.
5.8 Anapplication under paragraph 1shallberejected andaninvestigation shallbeterminated
promptly assoonastheauthorities concerned aresatisfied thatthereisnotsufficient evidence ofeither
dumping orofinjury tojustify proceeding withthecase. There shallbeimmediate termination in
cases where theauthorities determine thatthemargin ofdumping isdeminimis ,orthatthevolume
ofdumped imports, actual orpotential, ortheinjury, isnegligible. Themargin ofdumping shallbe
considered tobedeminimis ifthismargin islessthan2percent, expressed asapercentage ofthe
export price. Thevolume ofdumped imports shallnormally beregarded asnegligible ifthevolume
ofdumped imports from aparticular country isfound toaccount forlessthan3percentofimports
ofthelikeproduct intheimporting Member, unless countries which individually account forlessthan
3percentoftheimports ofthelikeproduct intheimporting Member collectively account formore
than7percentofimports ofthelikeproduct intheimporting Member.
5.9 Ananti-dumping proceeding shallnothinder theprocedures ofcustoms clearance.
5.10 Investigations shall, except inspecial circumstances, beconcluded within oneyear, andinno
casemore than18months, aftertheirinitiation.
13Inthecaseoffragmented industries involving anexceptionally large number ofproducers, authorities maydetermine
support andopposition byusing statistically valid sampling techniques.
14Members areaware thatintheterritory ofcertain Members employees ofdomestic producers ofthelikeproduct or
representatives ofthose employees maymake orsupport anapplication foraninvestigation under paragraph 1.Page153
Article 6
Evidence
6.1 Allinterested parties inananti-dumping investigation shallbegiven notice oftheinformation
whichtheauthoritiesrequireandampleopportunitytopresentinwritingallevidencewhichtheyconsider
relevant inrespect oftheinvestigation inquestion.
6.1.1 Exporters orforeign producers receiving questionnaires used inananti-dumping
investigation shallbegiven atleast30daysforreply.15Dueconsideration should be
given toanyrequest foranextension ofthe30-day period and,upon cause shown,
suchanextension should begranted whenever practicable.
6.1.2 Subject totherequirement toprotect confidential information, evidence presented in
writing byoneinterested party shallbemade available promptly toother interested
parties participating intheinvestigation.
6.1.3 Assoonasaninvestigation hasbeeninitiated, theauthorities shallprovide thefull
textofthewritten application received under paragraph 1ofArticle 5totheknown
exporters16andtotheauthorities oftheexporting Member andshallmake itavailable,
upon request, toother interested parties involved. Dueregard shallbepaidtothe
requirement fortheprotection ofconfidential information, asprovided forin
paragraph 5.
6.2 Throughout theanti-dumping investigation allinterested parties shallhaveafullopportunity
forthedefence oftheirinterests. Tothisend,theauthorities shall, onrequest, provide opportunities
forallinterested parties tomeetthose parties withadverse interests, sothatopposing views maybe
presented andrebuttal arguments offered. Provision ofsuchopportunities must takeaccount ofthe
needtopreserve confidentiality andoftheconvenience totheparties. There shallbenoobligation
onanyparty toattend ameeting, andfailure todososhallnotbeprejudicial tothatparty'scase.
Interested parties shallalsohavetheright, onjustification, topresent other information orally.
6.3 Oralinformation provided under paragraph 2shallbetaken intoaccount bytheauthorities
onlyinsofarasitissubsequently reproduced inwriting andmade available toother interested parties,
asprovided forinsubparagraph 1.2.
6.4 Theauthorities shallwhenever practicable provide timely opportunities forallinterested parties
toseeallinformation thatisrelevant tothepresentation oftheircases, thatisnotconfidential asdefined
inparagraph 5,andthatisusedbytheauthorities inananti-dumping investigation, andtoprepare
presentations onthebasis ofthisinformation.
6.5 Anyinformation which isbynature confidential (forexample, because itsdisclosure would
beofsignificant competitive advantage toacompetitor orbecause itsdisclosure would have a
15Asageneral rule, thetime-limit forexporters shall becounted from thedateofreceipt ofthequestionnaire, which
forthispurpose shallbedeemed tohave been received oneweek from thedateonwhich itwassenttotherespondent or
transmitted totheappropriate diplomatic representative oftheexporting Member or,inthecaseofaseparate customs territory
Member oftheWTO, anofficial representative oftheexporting territory.
16Itbeingunderstoodthat,wherethenumberofexportersinvolvedisparticularlyhigh,thefulltextofthewrittenapplication
should instead beprovided onlytotheauthorities oftheexporting Member ortotherelevant trade association.Page154
significantly adverse effect uponaperson supplying theinformation oruponaperson fromwhom that
person acquired theinformation), orwhich isprovided onaconfidential basis byparties toan
investigation shall, upon good cause shown, betreated assuchbytheauthorities. Such information
shallnotbedisclosed without specific permission oftheparty submitting it.17
6.5.1 Theauthorities shallrequire interested parties providing confidential information to
furnish non-confidential summaries thereof. These summaries shallbeinsufficient
detailtopermitareasonableunderstandingofthesubstanceoftheinformationsubmitted
inconfidence. Inexceptional circumstances, suchparties mayindicate thatsuch
information isnotsusceptible ofsummary. Insuchexceptional circumstances, a
statement ofthereasons whysummarization isnotpossible must beprovided.
6.5.2 Iftheauthorities findthatarequest forconfidentiality isnotwarranted andifthe
supplier oftheinformation iseither unwilling tomake theinformation public orto
authorize itsdisclosure ingeneralized orsummary form, theauthorities maydisregard
suchinformation unless itcanbedemonstrated totheirsatisfaction fromappropriate
sources thattheinformation iscorrect.18
6.6 Except incircumstances provided forinparagraph 8,theauthorities shallduring thecourse
ofaninvestigation satisfy themselves astotheaccuracy oftheinformation supplied byinterested parties
upon which theirfindings arebased.
6.7 Inorder toverify information provided ortoobtain further details, theauthorities maycarry
outinvestigations intheterritory ofother Members asrequired, provided theyobtain theagreement
ofthefirms concerned andnotify therepresentatives ofthegovernment oftheMember inquestion,
andunless thatMember objects totheinvestigation. Theprocedures described inAnnex Ishallapply
toinvestigations carried outintheterritory ofother Members. Subject totherequirement toprotect
confidential information, theauthorities shallmake theresults ofanysuchinvestigations available,
orshallprovide disclosure thereof pursuant toparagraph 9,tothefirms towhich theypertain andmay
make suchresults available totheapplicants.
6.8 Incasesinwhich anyinterested partyrefuses access to,orotherwise doesnotprovide, necessary
information within areasonable period orsignificantly impedes theinvestigation, preliminary andfinal
determinations, affirmative ornegative, maybemade onthebasisofthefactsavailable. Theprovisions
ofAnnex IIshallbeobserved intheapplication ofthisparagraph.
6.9 Theauthorities shall, before afinaldetermination ismade, inform allinterested parties ofthe
essential factsunder consideration which form thebasis forthedecision whether toapply definitive
measures. Suchdisclosure should takeplace insufficient timefortheparties todefend theirinterests.
6.10 Theauthorities shall, asarule,determine anindividual margin ofdumping foreachknown
exporter orproducer concerned oftheproduct under investigation. Incases where thenumber of
exporters, producers, importers ortypesofproducts involved issolargeastomake suchadetermination
impracticable, theauthorities maylimittheirexamination either toareasonable number ofinterested
parties orproducts byusing samples which arestatistically validonthebasisofinformation available
17Members areaware thatintheterritory ofcertain Members disclosure pursuant toanarrowly-drawn protective order
mayberequired.
18Members agree thatrequests forconfidentiality should notbearbitrarily rejected.Page155
totheauthorities atthetimeoftheselection, ortothelargest percentage ofthevolume oftheexports
from thecountry inquestion which canreasonably beinvestigated.
6.10.1 Anyselection ofexporters, producers, importers ortypes ofproducts made under this
paragraph shallpreferably bechosen inconsultation withandwiththeconsent ofthe
exporters, producers orimporters concerned.
6.10.2 Incases where theauthorities havelimited theirexamination, asprovided forinthis
paragraph, theyshallnevertheless determine anindividual margin ofdumping forany
exporter orproducer notinitially selected whosubmits thenecessary information in
timeforthatinformation tobeconsidered during thecourse oftheinvestigation, except
where thenumber ofexporters orproducers issolarge thatindividual examinations
would beunduly burdensome totheauthorities andprevent thetimely completion of
theinvestigation. Voluntary responses shallnotbediscouraged.
6.11 Forthepurposes ofthisAgreement, "interested parties" shallinclude:
(i) anexporter orforeign producer ortheimporter ofaproduct subject toinvestigation,
oratrade orbusiness association amajority ofthemembers ofwhich areproducers,
exporters orimporters ofsuchproduct;
(ii) thegovernment oftheexporting Member; and
(iii) aproducer ofthelikeproduct intheimporting Member oratrade andbusiness
association amajority ofthemembers ofwhich produce thelikeproduct intheterritory
oftheimporting Member.
Thislistshall notpreclude Members from allowing domestic orforeign parties other thanthose
mentioned above tobeincluded asinterested parties.
6.12 Theauthoritiesshallprovideopportunitiesforindustrialusersoftheproductunderinvestigation,
andforrepresentative consumer organizations incases where theproduct iscommonly soldattheretail
level, toprovide information which isrelevant totheinvestigation regarding dumping, injury and
causality.
6.13 Theauthorities shalltakedueaccount ofanydifficulties experienced byinterested parties, in
particular small companies, insupplying information requested, andshall provide anyassistance
practicable.
6.14 Theprocedures setoutabove arenotintended toprevent theauthorities ofaMember from
proceeding expeditiously withregard toinitiating aninvestigation, reaching preliminary orfinal
determinations, whether affirmative ornegative, orfrom applying provisional orfinalmeasures, in
accordance withrelevant provisions ofthisAgreement.Page156
Article 7
Provisional Measures
7.1 Provisional measures maybeapplied onlyif:
(i) aninvestigation hasbeeninitiated inaccordance withtheprovisions ofArticle 5,a
public notice hasbeen given tothateffect andinterested parties have been given
adequate opportunities tosubmit information andmake comments;
(ii) apreliminary affirmative determination hasbeenmade ofdumping andconsequent
injury toadomestic industry; and
(iii) theauthorities concerned judge suchmeasures necessary toprevent injury being caused
during theinvestigation.
7.2 Provisional measures maytaketheform ofaprovisional dutyor,preferably, asecurity -by
cashdeposit orbond -equal totheamount oftheanti-dumping dutyprovisionally estimated, being
notgreater thantheprovisionally estimated margin ofdumping. Withholding ofappraisement isan
appropriate provisional measure, provided thatthenormal dutyandtheestimated amount ofthe
anti-dumping dutybeindicated andaslongasthewithholding ofappraisement issubject tothesame
conditions asother provisional measures.
7.3 Provisional measures shallnotbeapplied sooner than60daysfrom thedateofinitiation of
theinvestigation.
7.4 Theapplication ofprovisional measures shallbelimited toasshort aperiod aspossible, not
exceeding fourmonths or,ondecision oftheauthorities concerned, upon request byexporters
representing asignificant percentage ofthetradeinvolved, toaperiod notexceeding sixmonths. When
authorities, inthecourse ofaninvestigation, examine whether adutylower thanthemargin ofdumping
would besufficient toremove injury, these periods maybesixandninemonths, respectively.
7.5 Therelevant provisions ofArticle 9shallbefollowed intheapplication ofprovisional measures.
Article 8
Price Undertakings
8.1 Proceedings may19besuspended orterminated without theimposition ofprovisional measures
oranti-dumping duties uponreceipt ofsatisfactory voluntary undertakings fromanyexporter torevise
itsprices ortocease exports totheareainquestion atdumped prices sothattheauthorities aresatisfied
thattheinjurious effect ofthedumping iseliminated. Price increases under suchundertakings shall
notbehigher thannecessary toeliminate themargin ofdumping. Itisdesirable thatthepriceincreases
belessthanthemargin ofdumping ifsuchincreases would beadequate toremove theinjury tothe
domestic industry.
19Theword "may" shallnotbeinterpreted toallow thesimultaneous continuation ofproceedings withtheimplementation
ofprice undertakings except asprovided inparagraph 4.Page157
8.2 Price undertakings shallnotbesought oraccepted fromexporters unless theauthorities ofthe
importing Member havemade apreliminary affirmative determination ofdumping andinjury caused
bysuchdumping.
8.3 Undertakingsofferedneednotbeacceptediftheauthoritiesconsidertheiracceptanceimpractical,
forexample, ifthenumber ofactual orpotential exporters istoogreat, orforother reasons, including
reasons ofgeneral policy. Should thecaseariseandwhere practicable, theauthorities shallprovide
totheexporter thereasons which have ledthem toconsider acceptance ofanundertaking as
inappropriate, andshall, totheextent possible, givetheexporter anopportunity tomake comments
thereon.
8.4 Ifanundertaking isaccepted, theinvestigation ofdumping andinjury shallnevertheless be
completed iftheexporter sodesires ortheauthorities sodecide. Insuchacase, ifanegative
determination ofdumping orinjury ismade, theundertaking shallautomatically lapse, except incases
where suchadetermination isdueinlarge parttotheexistence ofaprice undertaking. Insuchcases,
theauthorities mayrequire thatanundertaking bemaintained forareasonable period consistent with
theprovisions ofthisAgreement. Intheevent thatanaffirmative determination ofdumping andinjury
ismade, theundertaking shallcontinue consistent withitsterms andtheprovisions ofthisAgreement.
8.5 PriceundertakingsmaybesuggestedbytheauthoritiesoftheimportingMember,butnoexporter
shallbeforced toenterintosuchundertakings. Thefactthatexporters donotoffersuchundertakings,
ordonotaccept aninvitation todoso,shallinnowayprejudice theconsideration ofthecase. However,
theauthorities arefreetodetermine thatathreat ofinjury ismore likely toberealized ifthedumped
imports continue.
8.6 Authorities ofanimporting Member mayrequire anyexporter from whom anundertaking
hasbeenaccepted toprovide periodically information relevant tothefulfilment ofsuchanundertaking
andtopermit verification ofpertinent data. Incaseofviolation ofanundertaking, theauthorities of
theimporting Member maytake,under thisAgreement inconformity withitsprovisions, expeditious
actions which mayconstitute immediate application ofprovisional measures using thebestinformation
available. Insuchcases, definitive duties maybelevied inaccordance withthisAgreement onproducts
entered forconsumption notmore than90daysbefore theapplication ofsuchprovisional measures,
except thatanysuchretroactive assessment shallnotapply toimports entered before theviolation of
theundertaking.
Article 9
Imposition andCollection ofAnti-Dumping Duties
9.1 Thedecision whether ornottoimpose ananti-dumping dutyincases where allrequirements
fortheimposition havebeenfulfilled, andthedecision whether theamount oftheanti-dumping duty
tobeimposed shallbethefullmargin ofdumping orless,aredecisions tobemade bytheauthorities
oftheimporting Member. Itisdesirable thattheimposition bepermissive intheterritory ofall
Members, andthatthedutybelessthanthemargin ifsuchlesser dutywould beadequate toremove
theinjury tothedomestic industry.
9.2 When ananti-dumping dutyisimposed inrespect ofanyproduct, suchanti-dumping dutyshall
becollected intheappropriate amounts ineachcase,onanon-discriminatory basisonimports ofsuch
product fromallsources found tobedumped andcausing injury, except astoimports fromthose sourcesPage158
fromwhich priceundertakings under theterms ofthisAgreement havebeenaccepted. Theauthorities
shallname thesupplier orsuppliers oftheproduct concerned. If,however, several suppliers from
thesame country areinvolved, anditisimpracticable toname allthese suppliers, theauthorities may
name thesupplying country concerned. Ifseveral suppliers frommore thanonecountry areinvolved,
theauthorities mayname either allthesuppliers involved, or,ifthisisimpracticable, allthesupplying
countries involved.
9.3 Theamount oftheanti-dumping dutyshallnotexceed themargin ofdumping asestablished
under Article 2.
9.3.1 When theamount oftheanti-dumping dutyisassessed onaretrospective basis, the
determination ofthefinalliability forpayment ofanti-dumping duties shalltakeplace
assoonaspossible, normally within 12months, andinnocasemore than18months,
after thedateonwhich arequest forafinal assessment oftheamount ofthe
anti-dumping dutyhasbeenmade.20Anyrefund shallbemade promptly andnormally
innotmore than90daysfollowing thedetermination offinalliability made pursuant
tothissub-paragraph. Inanycase, where arefund isnotmade within 90days, the
authorities shallprovide anexplanation ifsorequested.
9.3.2 When theamount oftheanti-dumping dutyisassessed onaprospective basis, provision
shallbemade foraprompt refund, upon request, ofanydutypaidinexcess ofthe
margin ofdumping. Arefund ofanysuchdutypaidinexcess oftheactual margin
ofdumping shallnormally takeplace within 12months, andinnocasemore than
18months, afterthedateonwhich arequest forarefund, dulysupported byevidence,
hasbeenmade byanimporter oftheproduct subject totheanti-dumping duty. The
refund authorized should normally bemade within 90daysoftheabove-noted decision.
9.3.3 Indetermining whether andtowhatextent areimbursement should bemade when the
export price isconstructed inaccordance withparagraph 3ofArticle 2,authorities
shouldtakeaccountofanychangeinnormalvalue,anychangeincostsincurredbetween
importation andresale, andanymovement intheresale price which isdulyreflected
insubsequent selling prices, andshould calculate theexport price withnodeduction
fortheamount ofanti-dumping duties paidwhen conclusive evidence oftheabove
isprovided.
9.4 When theauthorities havelimited theirexamination inaccordance withthesecond sentence
ofparagraph 10ofArticle 6,anyanti-dumping dutyapplied toimports fromexporters orproducers
notincluded intheexamination shallnotexceed:
(i) theweighted average margin ofdumping established withrespect totheselected
exporters orproducers or,
(ii) where theliability forpayment ofanti-dumping duties iscalculated onthebasis of
aprospective normal value, thedifference between theweighted average normal value
oftheselected exporters orproducers andtheexport prices ofexporters orproducers
notindividually examined,
20Itisunderstood thattheobservance ofthetime-limits mentioned inthissubparagraph andinsubparagraph 3.2may
notbepossible where theproduct inquestion issubject tojudicial review proceedings.Page159
provided thattheauthorities shalldisregard forthepurpose ofthisparagraph anyzeroanddeminimis
margins andmargins established under thecircumstances referred toinparagraph 8ofArticle 6.The
authorities shallapply individual duties ornormal values toimports from anyexporter orproducer
notincluded intheexamination whohasprovided thenecessary information during thecourse ofthe
investigation, asprovided forinsubparagraph 10.2ofArticle 6.
9.5 Ifaproduct issubject toanti-dumping duties inanimporting Member, theauthorities shall
promptly carry outareview forthepurpose ofdetermining individual margins ofdumping forany
exporters orproducers intheexporting country inquestion whohavenotexported theproduct tothe
importing Member during theperiod ofinvestigation, provided thatthese exporters orproducers can
show thattheyarenotrelated toanyoftheexporters orproducers intheexporting country whoare
subject totheanti-dumping duties ontheproduct. Such areview shallbeinitiated andcarried out
onanaccelerated basis, compared tonormal dutyassessment andreview proceedings intheimporting
Member. Noanti-dumping duties shallbelevied onimports fromsuchexporters orproducers while
thereview isbeing carried out.Theauthorities may, however, withhold appraisement and/or request
guarantees toensure that,should suchareview result inadetermination ofdumping inrespect ofsuch
producers orexporters, anti-dumping duties canbelevied retroactively tothedateoftheinitiation
ofthereview.
Article 10
Retroactivity
10.1 Provisional measures andanti-dumping duties shallonlybeapplied toproducts which enter
forconsumption afterthetimewhen thedecision taken under paragraph 1ofArticle 7andparagraph 1
ofArticle 9,respectively, enters intoforce, subject totheexceptions setoutinthisArticle.
10.2 Where afinaldetermination ofinjury (butnotofathreat thereof orofamaterial retardation
oftheestablishment ofanindustry) ismade or,inthecaseofafinaldetermination ofathreat ofinjury,
where theeffect ofthedumped imports would, intheabsence oftheprovisional measures, haveled
toadetermination ofinjury, anti-dumping duties maybelevied retroactively fortheperiod forwhich
provisional measures, ifany,havebeenapplied.
10.3 Ifthedefinitive anti-dumping dutyishigher thantheprovisional dutypaidorpayable, orthe
amount estimated forthepurpose ofthesecurity, thedifference shallnotbecollected. Ifthedefinitive
dutyislower thantheprovisional dutypaidorpayable, ortheamount estimated forthepurpose of
thesecurity, thedifference shallbereimbursed orthedutyrecalculated, asthecasemaybe.
10.4 Except asprovided inparagraph 2,where adetermination ofthreat ofinjury ormaterial
retardation ismade (butnoinjury hasyetoccurred) adefinitive anti-dumping dutymaybeimposed
onlyfromthedateofthedetermination ofthreat ofinjury ormaterial retardation, andanycashdeposit
made during theperiod oftheapplication ofprovisional measures shallberefunded andanybonds
released inanexpeditious manner.
10.5 Where afinaldetermination isnegative, anycashdeposit made during theperiod ofthe
application ofprovisional measures shallberefunded andanybonds released inanexpeditious manner.Page160
10.6 Adefinitive anti-dumping dutymaybelevied onproducts which wereentered forconsumption
notmore than90daysprior tothedateofapplication ofprovisional measures, when theauthorities
determine forthedumped product inquestion that:
(i) there isahistory ofdumping which caused injury orthattheimporter was,orshould
havebeen, aware thattheexporter practises dumping andthatsuchdumping would
cause injury, and
(ii) theinjury iscaused bymassive dumped imports ofaproduct inarelatively short time
which inlight ofthetiming andthevolume ofthedumped imports andother
circumstances (such asarapid build-up ofinventories oftheimported product) islikely
toseriously undermine theremedial effect ofthedefinitive anti-dumping dutytobe
applied, provided thattheimporters concerned havebeengiven anopportunity to
comment.
10.7 Theauthorities may, afterinitiating aninvestigation, takesuchmeasures asthewithholding
ofappraisement orassessment asmaybenecessary tocollect anti-dumping duties retroactively, as
provided forinparagraph 6,oncetheyhavesufficient evidence thattheconditions setforth inthat
paragraph aresatisfied.
10.8 Noduties shall belevied retroactively pursuant toparagraph 6onproducts entered for
consumption prior tothedateofinitiation oftheinvestigation.
Article 11
Duration andReview ofAnti-Dumping Duties andPrice Undertakings
11.1 Ananti-dumping dutyshallremain inforce onlyaslongasandtotheextent necessary to
counteract dumping which iscausing injury.
11.2 Theauthorities shallreview theneedforthecontinued imposition oftheduty, where warranted,
ontheirowninitiative or,provided thatareasonable period oftimehaselapsed since theimposition
ofthedefinitive anti-dumping duty, upon request byanyinterested party which submits positive
information substantiating theneedforareview.21Interested parties shallhavetherighttorequest
theauthorities toexamine whether thecontinued imposition ofthedutyisnecessary tooffset dumping,
whether theinjury would belikely tocontinue orrecur ifthedutywereremoved orvaried, orboth.
If,asaresult ofthereview under thisparagraph, theauthorities determine thattheanti-dumping duty
isnolonger warranted, itshallbeterminated immediately.
11.3 Notwithstanding theprovisions ofparagraphs 1and2,anydefinitive anti-dumping dutyshall
beterminated onadatenotlaterthanfiveyears fromitsimposition (orfromthedateofthemostrecent
review under paragraph 2ifthatreview hascovered bothdumping andinjury, orunder thisparagraph),
unless theauthorities determine, inareview initiated before thatdateontheirowninitiative orupon
adulysubstantiated request made byoronbehalf ofthedomestic industry within areasonable period
21Adetermination offinalliability forpayment ofanti-dumping duties, asprovided forinparagraph 3ofArticle 9,does
notbyitself constitute areview within themeaning ofthisArticle.Page161
oftimepriortothatdate,thattheexpiry ofthedutywould belikely toleadtocontinuation orrecurrence
ofdumping andinjury.22Thedutymayremain inforce pending theoutcome ofsuchareview.
11.4 Theprovisions ofArticle 6regarding evidence andprocedure shallapply toanyreview carried
outunder thisArticle. Anysuchreview shall becarried outexpeditiously andshall normally be
concluded within 12months ofthedateofinitiation ofthereview.
11.5 Theprovisions ofthisArticle shallapply mutatis mutandis topriceundertakings accepted under
Article 8.
Article 12
Public Notice andExplanation ofDeterminations
12.1 When theauthorities aresatisfied thatthere issufficient evidence tojustify theinitiation of
ananti-dumping investigation pursuant toArticle 5,theMember orMembers theproducts ofwhich
aresubject tosuchinvestigation andother interested parties known totheinvestigating authorities to
haveaninterest therein shallbenotified andapublic notice shallbegiven.
12.1.1 Apublic notice oftheinitiation ofaninvestigation shallcontain, orotherwise make
available through aseparate report23,adequate information onthefollowing:
(i) thename oftheexporting country orcountries andtheproduct involved;
(ii) thedateofinitiation oftheinvestigation;
(iii) thebasis onwhich dumping isalleged intheapplication;
(iv) asummary ofthefactors onwhich theallegation ofinjury isbased;
(v) theaddress towhich representations byinterested parties should bedirected;
(vi) thetime-limits allowed tointerested parties formaking theirviews known.
12.2 Public notice shallbegiven ofanypreliminary orfinaldetermination, whether affirmative
ornegative, ofanydecision toaccept anundertaking pursuant toArticle 8,ofthetermination ofsuch
anundertaking, andofthetermination ofadefinitive anti-dumping duty. Each suchnotice shallset
forth, orotherwise make available through aseparate report, insufficient detail thefindings and
conclusions reached onallissues offactandlawconsidered material bytheinvestigating authorities.
Allsuchnotices andreports shallbeforwarded totheMember orMembers theproducts ofwhich
aresubject tosuchdetermination orundertaking andtootherinterested parties known tohaveaninterest
therein.
22When theamount oftheanti-dumping dutyisassessed onaretrospective basis, afinding inthemostrecent assessment
proceeding under subparagraph 3.1ofArticle 9thatnodutyistobelevied shallnotbyitselfrequire theauthorities toterminate
thedefinitive duty.
23Where authorities provide information andexplanations under theprovisions ofthisArticle inaseparate report, they
shall ensure thatsuch report isreadily available tothepublic.Page162
12.2.1 Apublic notice oftheimposition ofprovisional measures shallsetforth, orotherwise
make available through aseparate report, sufficiently detailed explanations forthe
preliminary determinations ondumping andinjury andshallrefer tothematters of
factandlawwhich haveledtoarguments being accepted orrejected. Such anotice
orreport shall, dueregard being paidtotherequirement fortheprotection of
confidential information, contain inparticular:
(i) thenamesofthesuppliers,orwhenthisisimpracticable,thesupplyingcountries
involved;
(ii) adescription oftheproduct which issufficient forcustoms purposes;
(iii) themargins ofdumping established andafullexplanation ofthereasons for
themethodology usedintheestablishment andcomparison oftheexport price
andthenormal value under Article 2;
(iv) considerations relevant totheinjury determination assetoutinArticle 3;
(v) themain reasons leading tothedetermination.
12.2.2 Apublic notice ofconclusion orsuspension ofaninvestigation inthecaseofan
affirmative determination providing fortheimposition ofadefinitive dutyorthe
acceptance ofaprice undertaking shallcontain, orotherwise make available through
aseparate report, allrelevant information onthematters offactandlawandreasons
which have ledtotheimposition offinal measures ortheacceptance ofaprice
undertaking, dueregard being paidtotherequirement fortheprotection ofconfidential
information. Inparticular, thenotice orreport shallcontain theinformation described
insubparagraph 2.1,aswellasthereasons fortheacceptance orrejection ofrelevant
arguments orclaims made bytheexporters andimporters, andthebasisforanydecision
made under subparagraph 10.2ofArticle 6.
12.2.3 Apublic notice ofthetermination orsuspension ofaninvestigation following the
acceptance ofanundertaking pursuant toArticle 8shallinclude, orotherwise make
available through aseparate report, thenon-confidential partofthisundertaking.
12.3 Theprovisions ofthisArticle shallapply mutatis mutandis totheinitiation andcompletion
ofreviews pursuant toArticle 11andtodecisions under Article 10toapply duties retroactively.
Article 13
Judicial Review
EachMember whose national legislation contains provisions onanti-dumping measures shall
maintain judicial, arbitral oradministrative tribunals orprocedures forthepurpose, interalia,ofthe
prompt review ofadministrative actions relating tofinaldeterminations andreviews ofdeterminations
within themeaning ofArticle 11.Suchtribunals orprocedures shallbeindependent oftheauthorities
responsible forthedetermination orreview inquestion.Page163
Article 14
Anti-Dumping Action onBehalf ofaThird Country
14.1 Anapplication foranti-dumping action onbehalf ofathird country shall bemade bythe
authorities ofthethirdcountry requesting action.
14.2 Suchanapplication shallbesupported bypriceinformation toshow thattheimports arebeing
dumped andbydetailed information toshow thatthealleged dumping iscausing injury tothedomestic
industry concerned inthethirdcountry. Thegovernment ofthethirdcountry shallafford allassistance
totheauthorities oftheimporting country toobtain anyfurther information which thelattermayrequire.
14.3 Inconsidering suchanapplication, theauthorities oftheimporting country shallconsider the
effects ofthealleged dumping ontheindustry concerned asawhole inthethirdcountry; thatisto
say,theinjury shallnotbeassessed inrelation onlytotheeffect ofthealleged dumping ontheindustry 's
exports totheimporting country orevenontheindustry 'stotalexports.
14.4 Thedecision whether ornottoproceed withacaseshallrestwiththeimporting country. If
theimporting country decides thatitisprepared totakeaction, theinitiation oftheapproach tothe
Council forTrade inGoods seeking itsapproval forsuchaction shallrestwiththeimporting country.
Article 15
Developing Country Members
Itisrecognized thatspecial regard mustbegiven bydeveloped country Members tothespecial
situation ofdeveloping country Members when considering theapplication ofanti-dumping measures
under thisAgreement. Possibilities ofconstructive remedies provided forbythisAgreement shall
beexplored before applying anti-dumping duties where theywould affect theessential interests of
developing country Members.
PART II
Article 16
Committee onAnti-Dumping Practices
16.1 There ishereby established aCommittee onAnti-Dumping Practices (referred tointhis
Agreementasthe"Committee")composedofrepresentativesfromeachoftheMembers.TheCommittee
shallelectitsownChairman andshallmeetnotlessthantwice ayearandotherwise asenvisaged by
relevant provisions ofthisAgreement attherequest ofanyMember. TheCommittee shallcarry out
responsibilities asassigned toitunder thisAgreement orbytheMembers anditshallafford Members
theopportunity ofconsulting onanymatters relating totheoperation oftheAgreement orthefurtherance
ofitsobjectives. TheWTO Secretariat shallactasthesecretariat totheCommittee.
16.2 TheCommittee maysetupsubsidiary bodies asappropriate.Page164
16.3 Incarrying outtheirfunctions, theCommittee andanysubsidiary bodies mayconsult with
andseekinformation from anysource theydeem appropriate. However, before theCommittee or
asubsidiary body seeks suchinformation fromasource within thejurisdiction ofaMember, itshall
inform theMember involved. Itshallobtain theconsent oftheMember andanyfirmtobeconsulted.
16.4 Members shallreport without delay totheCommittee allpreliminary orfinalanti-dumping
actions taken. Such reports shallbeavailable intheSecretariat forinspection byother Members.
Members shallalsosubmit, onasemi-annual basis, reports ofanyanti-dumping actions taken within
thepreceding sixmonths. Thesemi-annual reports shallbesubmitted onanagreed standard form.
16.5 EachMember shallnotify theCommittee (a)which ofitsauthorities arecompetent toinitiate
andconductinvestigationsreferredtoinArticle5and(b)itsdomesticproceduresgoverningtheinitiation
andconduct ofsuchinvestigations.
Article 17
Consultation andDispute Settlement
17.1 Except asotherwise provided herein, theDispute Settlement Understanding isapplicable to
consultations andthesettlement ofdisputes under thisAgreement.
17.2 EachMember shallafford sympathetic consideration to,andshallafford adequate opportunity
forconsultation regarding, representations made byanother Member withrespect toanymatter affecting
theoperation ofthisAgreement.
17.3 IfanyMember considers thatanybenefit accruing toit,directly orindirectly, under this
Agreement isbeing nullified orimpaired, orthattheachievement ofanyobjective isbeing impeded,
byanother Member orMembers, itmay, withaviewtoreaching amutually satisfactory resolution
ofthematter, request inwriting consultations withtheMember orMembers inquestion. EachMember
shallafford sympathetic consideration toanyrequest from another Member forconsultation.
17.4 IftheMemberthatrequestedconsultationsconsidersthattheconsultationspursuanttoparagraph3
havefailed toachieve amutually agreed solution, andiffinalaction hasbeentaken bytheadministering
authorities oftheimporting Member tolevydefinitive anti-dumping duties ortoaccept price
undertakings, itmayreferthematter totheDispute Settlement Body ("DSB"). When aprovisional
measure hasasignificant impact andtheMember thatrequested consultations considers thatthemeasure
wastaken contrary totheprovisions ofparagraph 1ofArticle 7,thatMember mayalsorefer such
matter totheDSB.
17.5 TheDSBshall, attherequest ofthecomplaining party, establish apanel toexamine thematter
based upon:
(i) awritten statement oftheMember making therequest indicating howabenefit accruing
toit,directly orindirectly, under thisAgreement hasbeennullified orimpaired, or
thattheachieving oftheobjectives oftheAgreement isbeing impeded, and
(ii) thefactsmade available inconformity withappropriate domestic procedures tothe
authorities oftheimporting Member.Page165
17.6 Inexamining thematter referred toinparagraph 5:
(i) initsassessment ofthefacts ofthematter, thepanel shall determine whether the
authorities 'establishment ofthefactswasproper andwhether theirevaluation ofthose
factswasunbiased andobjective. Iftheestablishment ofthefactswasproper andthe
evaluation wasunbiased andobjective, eventhough thepanel might havereached a
different conclusion, theevaluation shallnotbeoverturned;
(ii) thepanel shallinterpret therelevant provisions oftheAgreement inaccordance with
customary rules ofinterpretation ofpublic international law. Where thepanel finds
thatarelevant provision oftheAgreement admits ofmore thanonepermissible
interpretation, thepanel shallfindtheauthorities 'measure tobeinconformity with
theAgreement ifitrestsupon oneofthose permissible interpretations.
17.7 Confidentialinformationprovidedtothepanelshallnotbedisclosedwithoutformalauthorization
fromtheperson, bodyorauthority providing suchinformation. Where suchinformation isrequested
fromthepanel butrelease ofsuchinformation bythepanel isnotauthorized, anon-confidential summary
oftheinformation, authorized bytheperson, body orauthority providing theinformation, shallbe
provided.
PART III
Article 18
Final Provisions
18.1 Nospecific action against dumping ofexports from another Member canbetaken except in
accordance withtheprovisions ofGATT 1994, asinterpreted bythisAgreement.24
18.2 Reservations maynotbeentered inrespect ofanyoftheprovisions ofthisAgreement without
theconsent oftheother Members.
18.3 Subject tosubparagraphs 3.1and3.2,theprovisions ofthisAgreement shall apply to
investigations, andreviews ofexisting measures, initiated pursuant toapplications which havebeen
made onorafterthedateofentry intoforce foraMember oftheWTO Agreement.
18.3.1 With respect tothecalculation ofmargins ofdumping inrefund procedures under
paragraph 3ofArticle 9,therules usedinthemost recent determination orreview
ofdumping shallapply.
18.3.2 Forthepurposes ofparagraph 3ofArticle 11,existing anti-dumping measures shall
bedeemed tobeimposed onadatenotlaterthanthedateofentry intoforce fora
Member oftheWTO Agreement, except incases inwhich thedomestic legislation
ofaMember inforce onthatdatealready included aclause ofthetypeprovided for
inthatparagraph.
24Thisisnotintended topreclude action under other relevant provisions ofGATT 1994, asappropriate.Page166
18.4 Each Member shalltakeallnecessary steps, ofageneral orparticular character, toensure,
notlaterthanthedateofentry intoforce oftheWTO Agreement forit,theconformity ofitslaws,
regulations andadministrative procedures withtheprovisions ofthisAgreement astheymayapply
fortheMember inquestion.
18.5 EachMember shallinform theCommittee ofanychanges initslawsandregulations relevant
tothisAgreement andintheadministration ofsuchlawsandregulations.
18.6 TheCommitteeshallreviewannuallytheimplementationandoperationofthisAgreementtaking
intoaccount theobjectives thereof. TheCommittee shallinform annually theCouncil forTrade in
Goods ofdevelopments during theperiod covered bysuchreviews.
18.7 TheAnnexes tothisAgreement constitute anintegral partthereof.Page167
ANNEX I
PROCEDURES FOR ON-THE-SPOT INVESTIGATIONS PURSUANT
TOPARAGRAPH 7OFARTICLE 6
1. Upon initiation ofaninvestigation, theauthorities oftheexporting Member andthefirms known
tobeconcerned should beinformed oftheintention tocarry outon-the-spot investigations.
2. Ifinexceptional circumstances itisintended toinclude non-governmental experts inthe
investigating team, thefirms andtheauthorities oftheexporting Member should besoinformed. Such
non-governmental experts should besubject toeffective sanctions forbreach ofconfidentiality
requirements.
3. Itshouldbestandardpracticetoobtainexplicitagreementofthefirmsconcernedintheexporting
Member before thevisitisfinally scheduled.
4. Assoonastheagreement ofthefirms concerned hasbeenobtained, theinvestigating authorities
should notify theauthorities oftheexporting Member ofthenames andaddresses ofthefirms tobe
visited andthedates agreed.
5. Sufficient advance notice should begiven tothefirms inquestion before thevisitismade.
6. Visits toexplain thequestionnaire should onlybemade attherequest ofanexporting firm.
Suchavisitmayonlybemade if(a)theauthorities oftheimporting Member notify therepresentatives
oftheMember inquestion and(b)thelatter donotobject tothevisit.
7. Asthemain purpose oftheon-the-spot investigation istoverify information provided orto
obtain further details, itshould becarried outaftertheresponse tothequestionnaire hasbeenreceived
unless thefirmagrees tothecontrary andthegovernment oftheexporting Member isinformed by
theinvestigating authorities oftheanticipated visitanddoesnotobject toit;further, itshould bestandard
practice prior tothevisittoadvise thefirms concerned ofthegeneral nature oftheinformation tobe
verified andofanyfurther information which needs tobeprovided, though thisshould notpreclude
requests tobemade onthespotforfurther details tobeprovided inthelightofinformation obtained.
8. Enquiries orquestions putbytheauthorities orfirms oftheexporting Members andessential
toasuccessful on-the-spot investigation should, whenever possible, beanswered before thevisitis
made.Page168
ANNEX II
BEST INFORMATION AVAILABLE INTERMS OFPARAGRAPH 8OFARTICLE 6
1. Assoonaspossible aftertheinitiation oftheinvestigation, theinvestigating authorities should
specify indetail theinformation required from anyinterested party, andthemanner inwhich that
information should bestructured bytheinterested party initsresponse. Theauthorities should also
ensure thattheparty isaware thatifinformation isnotsupplied within areasonable time, theauthorities
willbefreetomake determinations onthebasis ofthefactsavailable, including those contained in
theapplication fortheinitiation oftheinvestigation bythedomestic industry.
2. Theauthorities mayalsorequest thataninterested party provide itsresponse inaparticular
medium (e.g.computer tape) orcomputer language. Where sucharequest ismade, theauthorities
should consider thereasonable ability oftheinterested party torespond inthepreferred medium or
computer language, andshould notrequest theparty touseforitsresponse acomputer system other
thanthatusedbytheparty. Theauthority should notmaintain arequest foracomputerized response
iftheinterestedpartydoesnotmaintaincomputerizedaccountsandifpresentingtheresponseasrequested
would result inanunreasonable extraburden ontheinterested party, e.g.itwould entail unreasonable
additional costandtrouble. Theauthorities should notmaintain arequest foraresponse inaparticular
medium orcomputer language iftheinterested party doesnotmaintain itscomputerized accounts in
suchmedium orcomputer language andifpresenting theresponse asrequested would result inan
unreasonable extra burden ontheinterested party, e.g.itwould entail unreasonable additional cost
andtrouble.
3. Allinformation which isverifiable, which isappropriately submitted sothatitcanbeused
intheinvestigation without undue difficulties, which issupplied inatimely fashion, and,where
applicable, which issupplied inamedium orcomputer language requested bytheauthorities, should
betaken intoaccount when determinations aremade. Ifaparty doesnotrespond inthepreferred
medium orcomputer language buttheauthorities findthatthecircumstances setoutinparagraph 2
havebeensatisfied, thefailure torespond inthepreferred medium orcomputer language should not
beconsidered tosignificantly impede theinvestigation.
4. Where theauthorities donothavetheability toprocess information ifprovided inaparticular
medium (e.g.computer tape), theinformation should besupplied intheform ofwritten material or
anyother form acceptable totheauthorities.
5. Even though theinformation provided maynotbeidealinallrespects, thisshould notjustify
theauthorities from disregarding it,provided theinterested party hasacted tothebestofitsability.
6. Ifevidence orinformation isnotaccepted, thesupplying party should beinformed forthwith
ofthereasons therefor, andshould haveanopportunity toprovide further explanations within a
reasonable period, dueaccount being taken ofthetime-limits oftheinvestigation. Iftheexplanations
areconsidered bytheauthorities asnotbeing satisfactory, thereasons fortherejection ofsuchevidence
orinformation should begiven inanypublished determinations.
7. Iftheauthorities havetobasetheirfindings, including those withrespect tonormal value, on
information from asecondary source, including theinformation supplied intheapplication forthe
initiation oftheinvestigation, theyshould dosowithspecial circumspection. Insuchcases, the
authorities should, where practicable, check theinformation from other independent sources attheirPage169
disposal, suchaspublished price lists, official import statistics andcustoms returns, andfrom the
information obtained fromother interested parties during theinvestigation. Itisclear, however, that
ifaninterested party doesnotcooperate andthusrelevant information isbeing withheld from the
authorities, thissituation could leadtoaresult which islessfavourable totheparty thaniftheparty
didcooperate.