 DEAS 110: 2021  
ICS 65.160  
 
© EAC 2021                                                                                                                           Second  Edition 2021  
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  
Cigarettes  — Specification  
EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY  DEAS 110: 2021  
ii © EAC  2021  – All rights reserved  
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Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.  
Violators may be prosecuted . DEAS 110: 2021  
© EAC 2021  – All rights reserved  iii 
 Contents  Page 
Foreword  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  iv 
1 Scope  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  1 
2 Normative references  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  1 
3 Terms and definitions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
4 Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  2 
4.1 Description  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  2 
4.2 General requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  2 
4.2.1  Length  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  2 
4.2.2  Freedom from mould and beetle attack  ................................ ................................ ..............................  3 
4.2.3  Ingredients  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  3 
4.2.4  Burning quality.  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 3 
4.2.5  Loose ends  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  3 
4.3 Specific requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  3 
5 Contaminants  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .........  4 
5.1 Heavy metal  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  4 
5.2 Pesticides residues  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  4 
6 Sampling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................  4 
7 Packaging  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  4 
7.1 Packet s ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  4 
7.2 Bundles  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................  5 
7.3 Cartons  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  5 
8 Labelling  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  5 
Annex  A (normative)  Determination of length  ................................ ................................ ................................  6 
Annex  B (normative)  Determination of burning quality for cigarettes  ................................ ........................  7 
B.1 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  7 
B.2 Report  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  7 
Annex  C (normative)  Determination of mass loss on heating  ................................ ................................ ...... 8 
C.1 Principle  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................  8 
C.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  8 
C.3 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  8 
C.4 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  8 
Annex  D (normative)  Determination of total ash  ................................ ................................ ............................  9 
D.1 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  9 
D.2 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  9 
Annex  E (normative)  Determination of potash in tobacco flame photometric method  ...........................  10 
E.1 Reagents  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..............  10 
E.2 Apparatus  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  10 
Annex  F (normative)  Determination of sulphur using magnesium nitrate  ................................ ................  11 
F.1 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  11 
F.2 Determination  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 11 
Annex  G (normative)  Determination of  cigarette filling density  ................................ ................................ . 12 
G.1 Procedure  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  12 
G.2 Calculation  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  12 
 DEAS 110: 2021  
iv © EAC  2021  – All rights reserved  
 Foreword  
Development of the East A frican Standards has been necessitated by the need for harmonizing requirements 
governing quality of products and services in the East African Community. It is envisaged that through 
harmonized standardization, trade barriers that are encountered when good s and services are exchanged 
within the Community will be removed.  
The Community has established an East African Standards Committee  (EASC)  mandated to develop and 
issue East African Standards  (EAS) . The Committee is composed of representatives of the Nat ional 
Standards Bodies in Partner States, together with the representatives from the public and private sector 
organizations  in the community .  
East African Standards are developed through  Technical Committees that are representative of key 
stakeholders in cluding government, academia, consumer groups, private sector and other interested parties. 
Draft East African Standards are circulated to stakeholders through the National Standards Bodies in the 
Partner States. The comments received are discussed and inc orporated before finalization of standards, in 
accordance with the Principles and procedures for development of East African Standards.  
East African Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the East 
African Stand ards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest versions of the standards 
they are implementing .  
The committee responsible for this docu ment is Technical Committee EASC /TC 013, Tobacco and tobacco 
products . 
This second edition cance ls and replaces the  first edition (EAS  110: 2005 ), which has been technically 
revised.  
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be subject of patent 
rights. EAC shall not be held responsible for identifying any o r all such patent rights.  DEAS 110: 2021  
© EAC 2021  – All rights reserved  v 
 Introduction  
Cigarette" means any product which consists wholly or partly of cut, shredded or manufactured tobacco, or of 
any tobacco derivative or substitute, rolled up in paper or any other material and capable of being used 
immediately for smoking.  
Cigarettes are manufactured under different brands depending on many factors including blend of tobacco 
leaves of the cultivated plant Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana  rustica . Classification of tobacco leaf (lamina 
and stem) grades is on the basis of method of curing that is, flue, fire, sun or air cured, position of leaf on 
plant, maturity of leaf colour, aroma, texture and oil, length and leaf damage.  
The ultimate quality of tobacco is sum total of factors of crop variety, environm ent at growth, curing and 
processing.  
Smoke constituents such as tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide may be controlled to some extent by the 
selection of cigarette paper filters, e.t.c. and there is an awareness of the need to monitor these yields. The 
memb er countries will continue to monitor tar yields in member states market  with a view to establish the trend 
and future specification.  
 DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD  DEAS 110: 2021  
 
© EAC 2021  – All rights reserved  1 
 Cigarettes  — Specification  
1 Scope   
This East African Standard specifies the requirements, sampling and test methods for  cigarettes.  
This standard does not cover the requirements for flavour and aroma of cigarettes.  
2 Normative references   
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes 
requirements of this doc ument.  For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, 
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.  
AOAC 952.13 , Arsenic in food. Silver diethyldithiocarbamate  
ISO 3402,  Tobacco and tobacco  products — Atmosphere for conditioning and testing  
ISO 2817 , Tobacco and tobacco products — Determination of silicated residues insoluble in hydrochloric acid  
ISO 2881,  Tobacco and tobacco products — Determination of alkaloid content -spectrometric method ISO  
ISO 3550 -1, Cigarettes — Determination of loss of tobacco from the ends — Part 1: Method using a rotating 
cylindrical cage  
ISO 4387 , Cigarettes — Determination of total and nicotine -free dry particulate matter using a routine 
analytical smoking machin e 
ISO 6561 -1, Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Determination of cadmium content — Part 1: Method 
using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry  
ISO 8243,  Cigarettes — Sampling  
ISO 8454 , Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase o f cigarette smoke — NDIR method  
ISO 9174 , Water quality — Determination of chromium — Atomic absorption spectrometric methods  
10185 , Tobacco and tobacco products — Vocabulary  
ISO 10315 , Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates — Gas-chromatographic m ethod  
ISO 12193 , Animal and vegetable fats and oils — Determination of lead by direct graphite furnace atomic 
absorption spectroscopy  
ISO 20193 , Tobacco and tobacco products — Determination of the width of the strands of cut tobacco   
2 © EAC  2021  – All rights reserved  
 3 Terms and definition s  
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10185  and the following apply.  
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:  
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp  
3.1 
nicotine in smoke  
nicotine content retained by the filter smoke trap  
3.2 
tar 
total nicotine -free dry particulate matter (Tar) retained by smoke trap after deduction of its nicotine alkaloids 
and water content   
3.3 
water  
the water in smoke condensates  content retained by the filter smoke traps  
3.4 
moisture content  
percentage by weight as volatile fraction of tobacco at 100 °C to 105 °C  
3.5 
loose shorts  
the free tobacco particles enclosed within  the packet which are no longer attached to the cigarettes  
3.6 
cigarettes rod  
the tobacco filled portion of the stick, that is, full length excluding the filter tipping  
3.7  
tobacco blend  
is a product of the cultivated plant Nicotiana tabacum  and Nicotian a rustica  used in the manufacture of 
cigarettes may be a mixture of one or more of the following types of tobacco drying process: fire cured; flue 
cured; air cured; sun cured; and fermented.  
4 Requirements  
4.1 Description  
The cigarettes shall be approximat ely cylindrical in shape and may be with or without filter. The cigarettes 
cover shall be made from porous cigarette paper; the ends of the paper being joined together by means of 
suitable approved adhesive and shall comply with the limits as prescribed in  this standard . 
4.2 General requirements  
4.2.1 Length  
When measured in accordance with Annex A, the length of each designation of cigarettes, including the filter 
shall be as prescribed in Table 1.   
© EAC 2021  – All rights reserved  3 
 Table 1 — Designation of cigarettes  
S/No.  Designation  Rod length,  
mm Overall length,  
mm Circumference  
mm 
i)  Plains  50 60 15 and 30  
ii)  Regular size  53 68 
iii)  King size  62 82 
iv)  International (imperial/luxury 
size)  73 93 
v)  Extra long size  78 98 
 
4.2.2  Freedom from mould and beetle attack  
Cigarettes shall be free from any mould or tobacco -beetle attack when examined.  
4.2.3  Ingredients  
Ingredients include tobacco components  (eg paper, filter)  including materials used to manufacture those 
components , additives, processing aids, residual substances found in tobacco (f ollowing storage and 
processing) and substances that are known to migrate from packaging material into the product.  
All above ingredients must be free of any form of contaminant to ensure purity of materials used . 
4.2.4  Burning quality . 
Cigarettes shall be  of good burning quality and shall satisfy the test in Annex B. 
4.2.5 Loose ends  
The limit on ex -factory basis for loose ends shall be less than 0.8 % for plain cigarettes and 0.4 % for filter -
tipped cigarettes, when exami ned by the method in ISO 3550 -1. 
4.3 Specific requirements  
The tobacco blend in a cigarette shall comply with the specific quality requirements given in Table 2 when 
tested in accordance with the methods indicated therein.  
Table 2 — Specific requirements for tobacco blend of cigarettes  
SL NO. Parameter  Limits  Test method   
i)  Width of tobacco shreds, mm  0.1 to 1.5  ISO 20193  
ii)  Nicotine content, % by mass (on dry basis) 
max.  2.5 ISO 2881  
 
iii)  Moisture content, % by mass (loss on 
heating)  10.0 – 16.0 
 Annex  C 
iv)  Total ash, % by mass (on dry basis ) max.  25.0 Annex D  
v)  Acid insoluble ash % by mass (on dry basis) 
max.  3.0 ISO 2817   
4 © EAC  2021  – All rights reserved  
 vi)  Potash (as K 2O) % weight (on dry basis) 
max. 10.0 Annex  E 
vii)  Sulfur (as sulfate) % by weight, max.   3.5 Annex  F 
viii)  Filling  density of tobacco blend min . 0.15 g/cm3 Annex  G 
ix)  Tar yields, mg per cigarette  18 ISO 4387  
x)  Nicotine in smoke. mg per cigarette  1.5 ISO 10315  
xi)  Carbon monoxide. mg per cigarette  18 ISO 8454  
6 Contaminants  
6.1 Heavy metal  
Cigarette shall not contain  heavy metal contaminants in excess of the limits  spec ified in Table  3 when tested 
in accordance with the methods specified therein.  
Table 3 — Limits for heavy metal contaminants  
S/N Parameter  Limit  Test Method  
i)  Arsenic As, ppm max,  0.5 AOAC 952.13  
ii)  Cadmium Ca, ppm max  1 ISO 6561 -1 
iii)  Chromium Cr, ppm max  0.5 ISO 9174  
iv)  Lead Pb, ppm max  1 ISO 12193  
 
6.2 Pesticides residues  
Cigarette shall c omply with the pesticide residue limits prescribed by the Codex Alimentarius Commissio n of 
the respective commodity.  
7 Sampling  
The method of drawing representative sample s of the material and the criteria for conformity shall be as 
prescribed in ISO 8243.  
8 Packaging  
8.1 Packet s 
Cigarettes for retail trade shall be packed in 10's or more in packets. To constitute a packet, appropriate 
number of cigarette sticks shall be wr apped and packed in appropriate packing material. Packing material 
shall be able to preserve the integrity of the product.   
© EAC 2021  – All rights reserved  5 
 8.2 Bundles  
To constitute bundles, appropriate number of packets shall then be packed to make a bundles.  
8.3 Cartons  
Bundles shall th en be packed in cardboard containers to constitute cartons.  
NOTE 1  A bundle may contain 10 or more packets.  
NOTE 2  A carton container may contain 20 or more bundles.  
9 Labelling  
9.1 The following particulars shall be legibly and indelibly marked on each c igarette packet:  
a) name of product/brand name or both;  
b) number of cigarettes;  
c) manufacturing date or Code;  
d) name and address of manufacturer;  
e) tax stamps;   
f) country of origin;  
NOTE  The country of origin includes trading blocks that have been fully economically i ntegrated and recognized as such under the 
World Trade Organization.  
g) A Health Warming imprint on the packet in two common languages in the country.  
9.2 Health  warni ngs and messages on tobacco  product packaging and labelling should be 50% or more, 
but no le ss than 30%, of the principal display areas.  
9.3 The text of health warnings and messages should be  in bold print in an easily legible font size and in a 
specified style and colour(s) that enhance overall visibility and legibility.  
9.4 The following parti culars shall be legibly and indelibly marked on each carton:  
a) name of the product as ―Cigarettes‖  
b) brand;  
c) number of cigarettes; and  
d) date of manufacture or date code.  
  
6 © EAC  2021  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  A 
(normative)  
 
Determination of length  
A.1 Take 25 cigarettes and measure the length of each cigarette to the nearest 1 mm with a steel ruler then 
take the average of the 25 cigarettes.  
A.2 To determine the rod length, if the cigarettes are filter tipped, after the length determination of A.1, cut 
off the filter and measure the length of e ach cigarette to the nearest 1 mm.  
  
© EAC 2021  – All rights reserved  7 
 Annex  B 
(normative)  
 
Determination of burning quality for cigarettes  
B.1 Procedure  
B.1.1  Clamp a cork carrying a brass pin not more than one millimetre in diameter horiz ontally on an iron 
stand. The length of the pin projecting from the cork should be 15 mm.  
B.1.2  Light the cigarette thoroughly by puffing for a few times and fix the cigarette on the pin through the 
non-lighted end of the cigarette, the pin piercing throu gh the cigarette along its central axis. Maintain a 
distance of at least three millimetres between the cork and the cigarette. Place the assembly carrying the 
cigarette in a draught -free atmosphere, maintaining the horizontal position of the cigarette.  
B.1.3 10 cigarettes shall be examined for burning quality  
B.2 Report  
The sample shall be deemed to have complied with the test for burning quality if all the cigarettes tested burn 
continuously for 80 per cent of their lengths.   
8 © EAC  2021  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  C 
(normative)  
 
Determination of mass loss on heating  
 
C.1 Principle  
The method is based on dehydration of the sample in a hot air oven at a temperature of 100.0 ± 0.5 ºC for 15 
hours.  
C.2 Apparatus  
C.1.1  Dish  — Made of aluminiu m stainless steel, silica or porcelain and provided with a perforated cover. 
The diameter of the dish shall be at least 50 mm and the depth not more than 40 mm.  
C.1.2  Oven  — Fitted with a ventilator and means for forced internal circulation of air and mai ntained at a 
temperature of 100.0 ± 0.5 °C.  
C.3 Procedure  
Place about 10 g of the material in tared dish, close it with the perforated cover, weigh and place it in the oven 
which shall previously have been brought to a temperature of 100.0 ± 0.5 °C. Maint ain this temperature in the 
oven for the drying period of 15 hours. Remove the dish and allow it to cool in a desiccator with an effective 
desiccant. After some period of cooling, weigh it. Drying and weighing should be taken at intervals until there 
is no  change in weight from the previous weighing. Carry out the operation in triplicate.  
C.4 Calculation  
Loss on heating, per cent by weight 100 (w- w1) 
                                                                   W 
where,  
w = weight in g of the mater ial taken or the test;  
and w1 = weight in g of the material after drying  
 
  
© EAC 2021  – All rights reserved  9 
 Annex  D 
(normative)  
 
Determination of total ash  
 
D.1 Procedure  
D.1.1  Accurately weigh about 10 g of the material using analytical  balance into a tared 9 -cm diameter 
platinum, porcelain or silica dish. Weights should be made to the nearest 0.001 g. Carefully dry the material 
on a Bunsen flame and char it completely until all organic matter is destroyed. Ignite the charred material by  
placing the dish in a muffle furnace maintained at a temperature of 550 ± 25 °C for 2 hours. Cool the dish and 
weigh. Drying, cooling and weighings must be repeated until weight is constant. Note the weight of the ash 
contained in the dish.  
D.1.2  Preserv e the ash for the determination of acid insoluble ash.  
D.2 Calculation  
Total ash content of the material, (on dry basis), per cent by weight =   1 0000w  
                                                                                                               W2 [100 -m]                                                                               
where;  
 w1= weight in g of the ash;  
w2= weight in g of the material taken for the test; and  
 m= loss on heating, per cent by weight.  
 
  
10 © EAC  2021  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  E 
(normative)  
 
Determination of potash in tobacco flame photometric method  
E.1 Reagents  
E.1.1  Potassium Standard Solutions  
a) Stock solution — Dissolve 1.907 g dry KCl in H20 and dilute to 1 l (100 ppm K).  
b) Working solution s — Place 0, 5,10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 ml stock solution in seven 1 l volume flasks, 
add 40 ml 3 N HCl to each, and dilute to volume with H2O.  
E.1.2  Diatomaceous earth — Celite 545, acid -washed.  
E.2 Apparatus  
E.2.1  Flame Photometer — Natural gas -air fuel, or equivalent, adequate for K analysis.  
E.2.2  Chromatographic Tube — 20 mm × 150 mm with coarse fritted disk.  
E.2.3  Preparation of Sample Solution —Accurately weigh ca 0.5 g tobacco dust into ca 40 ml weighing dish. 
Add ca 1 g celite and mix intimately w ith a spatula. Transfer quantitatively through the powder funnel into the 
chromatographic tube. Add additional celite through the funnel into the tube until a 2.5 cm layer accumulates 
on top of the sample celite mixture. Compact the sample and celite by ta pping the tip of tube on a table top 
and insert the tip of tube into the neck of a 1 l volumetric flask. Add 40 ml 3 N HCl into the tube by pipette or 
dispenser, washing down the sides, and let elute into the volume flask. When the liquid level reaches the  top 
of celite, add 25 ml of H2O and let elute. Add a second 25 ml portion of H2O, let the elute by gravity, or force 
through rapidly with compressed air. Rinse the tip of tube into the volume flask, dilute to volume with H2O, 
and mix well.  
E.2.4  Determin ation — Determine per cent T for sample elute and K standards as specified in the 
instruction manual of instrument.  
Prepare a calibration curve and determine ppm K of the sample from the curve.  
% K = ppm K × 0.1/g sample  
 % K2O = ppm K × 0.120 5/g sample.  
  
© EAC 2021  – All rights reserved  11 
 Annex  F 
(normative)  
 
Determination of sulphur using magnesium nitrate  
F.1 Procedure  
F.1.1  Weigh a 1 g sample into a large porcelain crucible. Make Mg(NO3)2 solution by putting 950 g S -free 
Mg(NO3)2.6H20 in H2O and dilute to 1 l. Add 7.5 ml of Mg(NO3)2 to the sample so that all material comes in 
contact with the solution. (It is important that enough Mg(NO3)2 solution be added to ensure complete 
oxidation and fixation of the S present.  
F.1.2  For larger sa mples and for samples with high S content, proportionally larger volume of this solution 
shall be used.)  
F.1.3  Heat on an electric hotplate (180 oC) until no further action occurs. Transfer the crucible while hot to a 
furnace (500 oC) and let it remain un til the sample is thoroughly oxidized. (No black particles should remain. If 
necessary, break up the sample and return to the furnace.) Remove the crucible and let it cool. Add H2O; then 
HCl in excess. Bring the solution to boil, filter and wash thoroughly . If preferred, transfer the solution to a 250 
ml volumetric flask before filtering and diluting to volume with H2O.  
F.2 Determination  
F.2.1  Dilute the entire filtered solution, to 200 ml, or take a 100 ml aliquot of the measured volume, dilute to 
200 ml.   
F.2.2  Dilute the aliquot of prepared solution to ca 200 ml with H2O and add HCl until ca 0.5 ml free acid is 
present.  
F.2.3  Heat to boiling point and add 10 ml 10 per cent BaCl2 solution dropwise with constant stirring.  
F.2.4  Continue boiling ca 5 min,  and let stand for 5 h in a warm place. Decant through ashless paper or 
ignited and weighed gooch.  
F.2.5  Add 15 ml -20 ml boiling H2O to ppt, transfer to a filter, and wash with boiling H2O until the filtrate is 
Cl-free.  
F.2.6  Dry the ppt and filter, ign ite, and weigh as BaSO4.  
       Wt ppt × 0.137 4 = S  
  
12 © EAC  2021  – All rights reserved  
 Annex  G 
(normative)  
 
Determination of cigarette filling density  
G.1 Procedure  
G.1.1 Take 20 cigarettes and measure the length of the tobacco rod, excl uding the filter plug portion. Then 
condition them according to the method given in ISO 3402  which specifies conditions as follows:   
Temperature 22 ± 1 oC 
Relative humidity 60 ± 2 per cent  
Atmospheric pressure 96 ± 10 kPa  
The test pieces should be in the se atmospheric conditions for at least 48 h prior to the test.  
G.1.2  Slit the conditioned cigarettes diametrically opposite to the seam using a straight edge, taking care to 
have a straight and clean cut parallel to the seam. Remove and place the tobacco mixture carefully on a white 
sheet of paper and weigh in a tared weighing dish.  
G.1.3  Determine the moisture content of the tobacco  
G.1.4  Use a steel ruler (marked in 0.5 mm increments) to measure the width of the paper. Take at least two 
width measureme nts in different places along the length of the paper and calculate the arithmetic mean of the 
determinations from 20 papers.  
G.2 Calculation  
G.2.1  Volume of the tobacco rod V(cm3)- C2L 
                                                                       4π 
where,  
C = circumference in cm of the cigarette paper;  
 L = length in cm of the tobacco rod;  
π = pi.  
 
G.2.2  Cigarette filling density in mg/cm3 at 13.5 per cent moisture, d = (100-M1)M 
                                                                                                           86.5V  
Where,  
M = tobacco mass in mg;  
M1 = moisture content of the tobacco;  
V = volume as calculated;   
© EAC 2021  – All rights reserved  13 
 d = density  
 
 
 
. DEAS 110: 2021    
 
© EAC 2021  – All rights reserved  
  
  