 Version: 1  
 
 
 
D-22-02 
Phytosanitary requirements for the domestic movement  
of Prunus  spp. plant material  to prevent the spread of 
plum pox virus (PPV) within Canada   
 
Effective date: Month DD, 2022  
(Original)  
 
Subject  
 
This directive describes the domestic movement requirements for  all Prunus spp. plant material 
as it relates to plum pox virus (PPV) within Canada.  In addition, this directive outlines the 
restrictions on the sale and propagation of regulated Prunus species plant material  within 
established quarantine areas in Canada and describes the CFIA inspection and monitoring 
activities conducted to enforce these re quirements .  
 
The domestic requiremen ts within this directive supersede all domestic requirements found 
within D-99-07: Policy for Importation from the United Sta tes and Domestic Movement of Plum 
Pox Virus (PPV) susceptible Prunus  Propagative Plant Material  and all  previous versions of 
directive D -99-07.   
 
The following changes to the domestic policy requirements are reflected within this directive:  
 
 The r emov al of domestic restrictions on seed  of susceptible host species, as the current 
scientific information  on virus transmission  no longer supports regulation of this 
pathway.   
 Section 5  has been updated  to change the minimum record retention period  from one 
year to two years  for facilities participating in formal agreements to move dormant 
nursery stock and greenhouse -grown seedlings out of the PPV quarantine area .   
 Section 5  has been updated to clarify requirements that facilities must meet for CFIA to 
permit the movement of  dormant nursery stock  and greenhouse -grown seedlings  from 
the quarantine area .  
 The lists of PPV -D susceptible and PPV -D non -susceptible species found in Annex 2 and 
Annex 3  have been updated to follow  Prunus  subdivisions presented in the USDA’s 
Germplasm Resources In formation Network (GRIN) Taxonomy  (USDA -ARS 2022) .  
 Minor administrative changes to improve the format and clarity of the text.  
Month, day, 2022                                                D-22-02 (Original)  
 
 
  Page 2 of 11  
The import requirements for propagative fruit tree material (including Prunus spp.) formerly 
found within policy directive D -99-07 can now be found in D -22-01: Phytosanitary requirements 
for the importation of propagative fruit tree material from all countries.   
 
Table of Contents  
1.0 Legislative  authority  
2.0 Definitions, abbreviations and acronyms  
3.0 Introduction  
4.0 Scope  
4.1 Regulated pest  
4.2 Regulated articles  
4.3 Articles that are exempt  
4.4  Regulated areas  
5.0 Domestic movement requirements  
6.0 Specific requirements within PPV quarantine areas  
6.1 Propagation of regulated articles  
6.2 Sale of regulated articles  
6.3 CFIA Inspection Procedures  
6.4       CFIA Monitoring Procedures  
7.0 Non -compliance  
8.0 References  
8.1 Fees  
8.2 Supporting documents  
Annex 1: List of plum pox virus (PPV) Quarantine Areas in Canada  
Annex 2: List of regulated Prunus  species susceptible to the Dideron strain of plum pox virus 
(PPV -D) 
Annex 3: List of Non -regulated Prunus  species not susceptible to the Dideron strain of plum pox 
virus (PPV -D) 
 
1.0 Legislative authority  
 Month, day, 2022                                                D-22-02 (Original)  
 
 
  Page 3 of 11 Plant Protection Act  (S.C. 1990, c.  22) 
Plant Protection Regulations  (SOR/95 -212) 
Plum Pox Virus Infested Places Order   
Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice , Canada Gazette, Part I (as amended from time to 
time)  
Agriculture and Agri -Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act  (S.C. 1995, c. 40)  
Agriculture and Agri -Food A dministrative Monetary Penalties Regulations  (SOR/2000 -187)  
 
2.0 Definitions, abbreviations and a cronyms  
 
Definitions of terms used in this document can be found in : 
 
 the International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures 5: Glossary of phytosanitary 
terms   
 the North American Plant P rotection Organization Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms   
 the Canadian Food Inspection Agency’s (CFIA’s)  Plant Health Glossary of Terms  
 
For the purposes of this directive, “propagation” refers to the act of grafting, budding, rooting, 
planting, or any other related process w hich results in the multiplication  of, or increase in the 
number of individual plants, or the introduction of new germplasm to an existing plant.   
 
3.0 Introduction  
 
Plum pox virus (PPV) is a virus that affects both  ornamental and  fruit -producing  Prunus  speci es. 
Symptoms of the virus may include chlorotic ring spots on leaves and fruit, decrease in fruit 
yield, and early fruit drop.  
 
The two main pathways through  which  PPV is spread are aphid feeding and propagation  
activities using  infected material.  Once a tree has become infected,  the only way to destroy the 
virus  and prevent its spread is to remove  and destroy  the infected  tree and its roots.  
 
PPV was first detected in Canada in 2000, in stone fruit production  areas  in Ontario and Nova 
Scotia. Following eradication activities between 2000 to 2011, the only remaining PPV 
quarantine area is in southern Ontario, as outlined in the List of Plum Pox Virus (PPV) 
quarantine areas in Canada  in Annex 1 .  
 
Prohibiting propagation o f Prunus  spp. host material within the quarantine area help s to limit 
the spread of PPV within this zone , while restrictions on the domestic movement of host 
material mitigate the risk of  introducing  PPV into  non-infested  areas within Canada.  
 Month, day, 2022                                                D-22-02 (Original)  
 
 
  Page 4 of 11 The genus Prunus  falls within the family Rosaceae and can be further divided into subgenera, 
which are  smaller, more closely related groups which share common characteristics. There are 
also several strains of  PPV that infect  different  Prunus  species  falling within these subgenera . 
The s train that has been detected in Can ada and the United States  is the Dideron  strain  (PPV-
D), which is known to  naturally infect three subgenera of the genus Prunus : Amygdalus , 
Emplectocladus , and Prunus .  The Dideron st rain is not know n to naturally infect  species within 
the subgenera Cerasus .  The s pecies listed in Annex 2  are naturally susceptible to PPV -D and are 
therefore considered regulated  species  which  are subject to the requirements  outlined within  
this directive , whereas the non-susceptible species  listed in Annex 3  are exempt . Note that 
isolated detections of  the Winona strain ( PPV-W) and the recombinant strain ( PPV-Rec) have 
also been found in Canada; h owever, the infected trees were subsequently removed and 
destroyed and the surrounding area s have been intensively surveyed with no further 
detections.  PPV-D is the only strain that remains present in North America (Hajizadeh et al. 
2019).  
 
4.0 Scope  
 
4.1 Regulated p est 
 
Plum p ox virus – plum pox, PPV, Sharka disease  
 
4.2 Regulated articles  
 
All propagative plant material of regulated Prunus  species listed in Annex 2  of this directive  
(including  but not limited to ): 
 
 trees  
 cuttings  
 tissue cultured plantlets  
 fresh branches  
 budwood  
 scionwood  
 rootstock   
 
Any Prunus  species not listed in Annex 2  or Annex 3  of this directive shall be considered a 
regulated article and will be subject to the requirements specified within this directive, unless 
and until the CFIA has formally determined its susceptibility to PPV -D and included it within the 
appropriate Annex.  
 
Note:   These articles may also be subject to other requirements in addition to those specific to 
the scope of this directive. Please consult the  list of all Plant Health directives  and the 
CFIA’s Automated Import Reference System  (AIRS) for more  information.  Month, day, 2022                                                D-22-02 (Original)  
 
 
  Page 5 of 11    
4.3 Articles that are exempt  
The foll owing articles  of regulated Prunus  spp. listed in Annex 2  are exempt from the 
requirements of this directive:  
 pollen  
 seed  
 fresh fruit for consumption , 
 and dead and dried branches and logs  
All propagative and non-propagative plant material of non -regul ated Prunus  species listed in 
Annex 3  are exempt from the requirements of this directive . 
4.4  Regulated  areas  
 
See the List of Plum Pox Virus (PPV) Quarantine Areas in Canada  found in Annex 1  for a map 
and description of the affected locations.    
 
5.0 Domestic movement requirements  
 
As per the PPV Infested Places Order , all regulated Prunus  material  is prohibited from moving 
out of an established PPV quarantine area to all other areas of Canada.  
 
There are no movement restr ictions on regulated Prunus  material originating outside of a PPV 
quarantine area, but once this material has been moved into a PPV quarantine area from a non -
infested area, it is considered a regulated article and is subject to the requirements specified in 
this directive.  
 
The CFIA may permit dormant nursery stock  originating from outside of the quarantine area 
and greenhouse -grown seedlings of regulated Prunus  species  to be moved out of the 
quarantine area , provided the requirements outlined in Table 1 have been met.    
 
Table 1: Requirements for m ovement of regulated articles from a PPV quarantine area  
 
Regulated article  Movement requirements  
Dormant n ursery stock 
originating  outsid e of a 
PPV q uarantine area Prohibited, unless the following condition s are met:   
 A Notice of Prohibition or Restriction of an Activity  
specifying the required conditions must be issued by CFIA 
prior to movement of the material into the PPV 
quarantine area.  Month, day, 2022                                                D-22-02 (Original)  
 
 
  Page 6 of 11  The material  must originate from a PPV non -infested area  
and must e nter, be maintained, and leave the quarantine 
area in a dormant  state . 
 Dormant stock must be contained within a CFIA -approved 
cold storage facility  and remain physically  segregated  
from other regulated material from different origins and 
from non -regulated material  to the satisfaction of a CFIA 
Inspector.   
 Dormant stock must be labelled  in a manner to ensure 
identity and traceability of the material to the satisfaction 
of a CFIA In spector.  
 Movement of the material out of the quarantine area 
must be completed by May 15th  of each year.  
 Records for all incoming material, storage, sales , and 
movement  of regulated material  are to be maintained for 
two years and shall be made available to CFIA upon 
request .  
 A CFIA -issued Domestic Movement Certificate stating : 
 
“This material complies with p lum pox v irus 
requirements for movement of susceptible Prunus  spp. 
material outside of the quaran tine area , as per D -22-02 
and the Plum Pox Infested Places Order .”  
 
is required prior to movement of each shipment out of a 
quarantine area.  
 
Greenhouse -grown 
seedlings  originating 
from within a PPV 
quarantine area  Prohibited, unless the following conditions are met:   
 A Notice of Prohibition or Restriction of an Activity  
specifying the required conditions must be issued by CFIA 
prior to seedling production and movement of material 
out of a PPV quarantine area.  
 All material must be grown/stored within a CFIA -approved 
greenhouse, with appropriate s afeguarding an d 
segregation measures in place to the satisfaction of a CFIA 
Inspector.    
 Material must be labelled  in a manner  to ensure identity 
and traceability of the material to the satisfaction of a 
CFIA Inspector.  
 Movement of the material out of th e quarantine area 
must be completed by May 15th of each year.   Month, day, 2022                                                D-22-02 (Original)  
 
 
  Page 7 of 11  Records for incoming material, sales and/or movement  of 
regulated material are to be maintained for two year s and 
be made available to CFIA upon request.  
 A CFIA -issued Movement Certificate stating : 
 
“This material complies with p lum pox virus 
requirements for movement of susceptible Prunus spp.  
material outside of the quarantine area , as per D -22-02 
and the Plum Pox Infested Places order .”  
 
is required prior to movement of each shipment out  of a 
quarantine area.  
 
Note:   This directive describes only the phytosanitary requirements related to PPV. Please 
consult the list of Plant Health directives  for additional  requirements  which may apply .  
 
6.0 Specific requirements  within PPV q uarantine areas 
 
6.1  Propagation  of regulated articles   
 
Propagation of all regulated Prunus  species (as listed in Annex 2 ) located within an established 
PPV quarantine area  is prohibited.  Prohibiting propagation within an established quarantine 
area assists in controlling the spread of PPV by  restricting the use of potentially infected plant 
material as a propagation source in order to limit the further spread of the virus through this 
pathway.   
 
The CFIA may permit propagation of regulated articles f or research purposes, provided the 
facility demonstrates that they can meet all necessary requirements  and approval  is granted by 
CFIA in writing prior to any propagation activities.  Contact your local CFIA office  for more 
information.  
 
6.2 Sale  of regulated articles  
 
Plant material of r egulated Prunus  species , such as trees and shrubs, that are not propagated in 
the quarantine area may be sold within the quarantine area, provided that  the following 
conditions are met : 
 A Notice of Prohibition or Restriction of an Activity  specifying the required conditions 
must be issued to the  vendor  by the CFIA prior to any sales. 
 All sales  of regul ated material  must be made  to customers  verified to be  residing within 
the quarantine area.  Month, day, 2022                                                D-22-02 (Original)  
 
 
  Page 8 of 11  Detailed  sales  records, including  the quantity  and species of the  regulated  material, 
and the  location (address and city)  to which the  regulated  material was distri buted , 
must be  kept for two  year s and made ava ilable to the CFIA upon request.  
 
6.3 CFIA Inspection Procedures  
 
The CFIA conduct s routine inspections of properties located within PPV quarantine areas to 
verify  compliance with the requirements outlined within this directive . Inspections will be 
based on risk and compliance history of spec ific locations, and may include both residential and 
commercial properties. These p roperties may be inspected for propagation activities such as 
grafting, budding , or growing t rees from seed.  
 
Retail, wholesale, and landscape companies operating within a PPV quarantine area may also 
be inspected to verify compliance under domestic movement requirements and conditions for 
the sale of regulated material within the quarantine area.  Verification may include inspection of 
material present on site and review of sales records and inventories.  
 
Any non -compliances identified during the inspection process will be dealt with as outlined in 
Section 7 . 
 
6.4       CFIA Monitoring Procedures  
 
The CFIA conducts annual monitoring activities to assess  the PPV quarantine area  and maintain 
Pest Free Areas  through collection  of samples of select  PPV-susceptible species to determine 
the presence of  PPV. As per the guidelines listed in the North American Plant Protection 
Organization’s Regional Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (RSPM) 18 : Guidelines for 
Phytosanitar y Actions F ollowing  Detection of Plum Pox Virus , the sample risk categories include, 
but are not limited to, the following:  
 Commercial orchards along the periphery of the quarantine area;  
 Commercial orchards up to 10  km outside of the quarantine area;  
 Residential locations along the periphery of the quarantine area; and  
 Residential locations up to 1.5  km outside of the quarantine area.  
 
7.0 Non -compliance  
 
Any non -compliant p roducts that are moved out of the quarantine area are to be returned  to 
the quarantine area or destroyed  in a manner approved by the  CFIA . The person in possession, 
care or control of the shipment is responsible for any and all costs relating to the movement  
and/or disposal  of the non -compliant material , including  fees for CFIA oversight of  these 
activities.   
 Month, day, 2022                                                D-22-02 (Original)  
 
 
  Page 9 of 11 Those who do not  comply with the  prohibitions and movement restrictions outlined in  this 
directive may be subject to further regulatory  controls  and/or enforcement actions.  Violations 
may be subject to penalties as described within th e Agriculture and Agri -Food Administrative 
Monetary Penalties Act  and Regulations.  
 
8.0 References  
 
8.1 Fees  
 
The CFIA charges fees in accordance with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency Fees Notice . For 
information regarding fees, contact your local CFIA office  or visit the CFIA’s  Fees Notice  website.  
 
8.2 Supporting documents  
 Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 2019. Plum Pox Virus Fact Sheet   
 D-22-01: Phytosanitary requirements for the importation of propagative fruit t ree 
material from all countries  
 Hajizadeh, M., Gibbs, A.J., Amirnia, F., and Glasa, M. 2019. The global phylogeny of 
Plum pox virus is emerging. Journal of General Virology. 100: 1457 -1468.  
 International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) . 1995. International Standard for 
Phytosanitary Measures  (ISPM)  No. 4:  Requirements for the establishment of p est free 
areas .  
 North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO).  2004.   Regional Standard f or 
Phytosanitary Measures   (RSPM)  18: Guidelines for Phytosanitary Action Following 
Detection of Plum Pox Virus in NAPPO Member Countries .  
 USDA‐ARS. 2022. Germplasm  Resources Information Network  (GRIN) [Online 
Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. [Online] 
Available: http://www.arsgrin.gov/cgi -bin/npgs/html/tax_ search.pl   [2022].  
 
 
 
Annex 1: List of plum pox v irus (PPV) Quarantine Areas in Canada  
Please refer to the Plum Pox Virus Infested Places Order  for a listing and map of the PPV 
quarantine areas in Canada.  
 Month, day, 2022                                                D-22-02 (Original)  
 
 
  Page 10 of 11 Annex 2: List of regulated Prunus  specie s susceptible to  the Dideron strain of plum pox virus 
(PPV -D)  
The following  Prunus  species  falling within the subgenera Amygdalus , Prunus , and 
Emplectocladus  (including species commonly referred to as peaches, plums, apricots, 
nectarines, and almonds ) are considered to be naturally  susceptible to PPV-D and are therefore  
subject to  the domestic restrictions in Canada outlined within this directive:  
Amygdalus  Prunus  
Prunus arabica   Prunus americana  Prunus mandshurica  
Prunus argentea  Prunus angustifolia  Prunus maritima  
(Syn. P. gravesii)  
Prunus × arnoldiana  Prunus armeniaca  Prunus mexicana  
Prunus bucharica  Prunus bifrons  Prunus microcarpa  
Prunus davidiana  Prunus × blireana  Prunus mume  
Prunus dulcis  Prunus bokhariensis  Prunus nigra  
Prunus fenzliana  Prunus brigantina   Prunus × orthosepala  
Prunus × gigantea  Prunus cerasifera (Syn.  P. 
myrobalana, P. monticola)  Prunus prostrata  
Prunus kansuensis   Prunus × cistena  Prunus pumila (Syn. P. besseyi)  
Prunus mira  Prunus cocomilia   
(Syn. P. pseudoarmeniaca ) Prunus rivularis ( Syn. P. 
munsoniana, P. reverchonii)  
Prunus mongolica  Prunus consociiflora  Prunus salicina    
(Syn. P. gymnodonta ) 
Prunus pedunculata  
(Syn. P. pilosa)  Prunus × dasycarpa  Prunus sibirica  
Prunus persica  Prunus domestica  Prunus simonii  
Prunus × persicoides   
(Syn.  P. × amygdalopersica)  Prunus × dunbarii  Prunus spinosa  
(Syn. P. kurdica)  
Prunus petunnikowii  Prunus glandulosa  Prunus subcordata  
Prunus × skinneri  Prunus gracilis  Prunus tomentosa  
Prunus spinosissima  Prunus hortulana   Prunus umbellata  
(Syn. P. alleghaniensis)  
Prunus tangutica  Prunus humilis  Prunus ursina  
Prunus tenella   
(Syn. P. sweginzowii)  Prunus jacquemontii  Prunus ussuriensis  
Prunus texana  Prunus japonica  Prunus × utahensis  
Prunus triloba  
(Syn. P. baldschuanica)  Emplectocladus  
Prunus × vavilovii  
Prunus webbii  Prunus fasciculata  
 Month, day, 2022                                                D-22-02 (Original)  
 
 
  Page 11 of 11 Annex  3: List of Non -regulated Prunus  species not susceptible to the Dideron strain of plum 
pox virus (PPV -D) 
 
The following Prunus  species falling within the subgenus Cerasus  (including species commonly 
referred to as cherries) are not considered to be  naturally  susceptible to PPV -D and are 
therefore exempt from the domestic restrictions outlined within this directive.   
 
Cerasus  
Prunus apetala  Prunus hirtipes   Prunus pseudocerasus  
Prunus avium  Prunus ilicifolia  Prunus rufa  
Prunus buergeriana  Prunus incana  Prunus rufoides   
(Syn. P. dielsiana ) 
Prunus campanulata   Prunus incisa  Prunus sargentii  
Prunus canescens   Prunus itosakura  Prunus × schmittii  
Prunus caroliniana  Prunus jamasakura  Prunus serotina  
Prunus cerasoides   Prunus × juddii  Prunus serrula  
Prunus cerasus   Prunus × laucheana  Prunus serrulata  
Prunus clarofolia  
(Syn. P. litigiosa , P. pilosiuscula)  Prunus laurocerasus  Prunus setulosa  
Prunus conadenia  
(Syn. P. macradenia )  Prunus leveilleana  Prunus speciosa  
Prunus concinna  Prunus lusitanica  Prunus spinulosa  
Prunus cornuta  Prunus maackii  Prunus ssiori   
Prunus cyclamina   Prunus mahaleb   Prunus × subhirtella  
(Syn. P. × changyangensis)  
Prunus  × dawyckensis   Prunus maximowiczii  Prunus × syodoi (Syn. P. × hillieri)  
Prunus emarginata  Prunus mugus  Prunus tatsien ensis  
Prunus × eminens  Prunus nipponica  Prunus undulata   
(Syn. P. wallichii)  
Prunus × fontanesiana  Prunus obtusata  
(Syn. P. vaniotii)  Prunus virginiana  
Prunus fruticosa  Prunus padus  Prunus wilsonii (Syn. P. sericea ) 
Prunus x gondouinii  
(Syn. P. effusa)  Prunus pensylvanica  Prunus × yedoensis  
Prunus grayana  Prunus pleiocerasus  Prunus zippeliana  
 