GENERAL AGREEMENT GATS/SC/72
15April 1994
ONTRADE INSERVICES (94-1069)
ROMANIA
Schedule ofSpecific Commitments
(This isauthentic inEnglish only)
____________________ROMANIA -SCHEDULE OFSPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS
ALL SECTORS INCLUDED
INSCHEDULE
a) Theright toownland 3),4)Natural persons nothaving Romanian
citizenship andresidence inRomania, as
wellaslegal persons nothaving Romanian
nationality andtheir headquarters in
Romania, cannot acquire ownership over
anykindoflandplots, through inter vivos
acts
b) Legislation on
commercial companies3) Thesoleadministrator ortheChairman of
theBoard ofAdministration aswellashalf
ofthetotal number ofadministrators ofthe
commercial companies shall beRomanian
citizens unless otherwise stipulated inthe
company contract orinitsstatutes. The
majority ofthecommercial companies '
auditors andtheir deputies shall be
Romanian citizens.
GATS/SC/72
Page1ROMANIA (continued)GATS/SC/72
Page2
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
c) Participation offoreign
investors inprivatization
ofcommercial
companies1Unbound Unbound
d) Presence ofpersonnel 4) Unbound, except fortheentry and
temporary stayinRomania ofnatural
persons serving inmanagement andexpert
jobs2necessary tooperate theforeign
investment4) None, onlyforthose categories ofnatural
persons indicated inthemarket access
column
1 Thirty percentofthecapital oftheState-owned commercial companies hasbeen distributed freeofcharge toRomanian citizens through "Ownership Certificates"
which cannot besoldtoforeign legal andnatural persons.
Theremaining 70percentofthecapital ofthese companies istobeputonsale.
Within theprivatization process theforeign investors canbuyassets andshares ofcommercial companies. Romanian legal andnatural persons have apriority right
inthisrespect.UnderprivatizationthroughtheMEBOmethod(Management-Employee-Buy-Out)therighttopurchaseacommer cialcompanyisreservedforitsemployees.
2 Natural persons serving inmanagement jobsarethose persons withrelevant higher education who, within anorganization, have thetasktomanage thisorganization
oroneofitsdepartments ordivisions.
Natural persons serving inexpert jobsarethose persons whohave university degrees inthespeciality oftheposition theyoccupy.ROMANIA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
II. SECTOR-SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS *
1. BUSINESS SERVICES
A. Professional Services
a) Legal services
(861)1) None
2) None
3) Unbound
4) Unbound1) None
2) None
3) Unbound
4) Unbound
d)andg)Architectural and
urban planning services
(8671-8674)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
* Commitments aregenerally classified inaccordance withtheServices Sectoral Classification (GATT document MTN/GNS/W/120 of10July1991). Thecorrespondence
withtheProvisional Central Product Classification Listpublished bytheUnited Nations in1991, provided inbrackets, isanindicative one.
GATS/SC/72
Page3ROMANIA (continued)GATS/SC/72
Page4
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
e) Engineering services:
Advisory and
consultative engineering
services
(86721)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
Engineering design
services formechanical
andelectrical
installations forbuildings
(86723)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures sectionROMANIA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
B. Computer andrelated
services
a) Consultancy services
related totheinstallation
ofcomputer hardware
(841)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
b) Software development
andimplementation
services
(842)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
c) Data processing services
anddata-entry
(843)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
GATS/SC/72
Page5ROMANIA (continued)GATS/SC/72
Page6
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
d) Data-base services
(844)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
d)ande)Computer services
which areanintegral
partofthedelivery of
services ofother
categories
(845+849)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
F. Other business services
c)andd)Consultancy services
onmanagement and
services related to
consultancy services on
management
(865 +866)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures sectionROMANIA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
2. COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
C. Telecommunications
value-added services
(except vocal telephony,
telegraph, telex)
f) Facsimile services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
h) Electronic mail 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
GATS/SC/72
Page7ROMANIA (continued)GATS/SC/72
Page8
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
i) Voice mail 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
j) On-line information and
databaseretrieval1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
k) Electronic data
interchange (EDI)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures sectionROMANIA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
l) Enhanced/value-added
facsimile services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
m) Code andprotocol
conversion1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
n) On-line information
and/or dataprocessing
(including transaction
processing)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
GATS/SC/72
Page9ROMANIA (continued)GATS/SC/72
Page10
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
3. CONSTRUCTION
SERVICES
A. General construction
work forbuildings
(512)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
B. General construction
works -civilengineering
(bridges, roads, etc.)
(513)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.ROMANIA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
C. Installation andassembly
work, erection of
prefabricated
construction
(514+516)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
D. Building completion and
finishing work
(517)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/72
Page11ROMANIA (continued)GATS/SC/72
Page12
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
4. DISTRIBUTION
SERVICES
(except, forthe
subsectors listed below,
distribution services for
arms, ammunition,
explosives, narcotics and
medicines containing
narcotics, tobacco
products andpaper for
cigarettes, alcohol and
spirits)
A. Commission agents '
services
(621)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures sectionROMANIA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
B. Wholesale trade services
(622)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
C. Retailing services
(631+632)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
6. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES
D. Other services 1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
GATS/SC/72
Page13ROMANIA (continued)GATS/SC/72
Page14
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES
A. Insurance and
insurance-related services
a) Lifeinsurance services
(8121)1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Theestablishment ofcompanies with
foreign participation isallowed onlyin
partnership withRomanian legal ornatural
persons1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) None
Therepresentatives offoreign companies
andoftheassociations offoreign insurers
have theright toconclude insurance
contracts onlywithforeign legal and
natural persons
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures sectionROMANIA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
b) Non-life insurance
services
(8129)1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Theestablishment ofcompanies with
foreign participation isallowed onlyin
partnership withRomanian legal ornatural
persons
Therepresentatives offoreign companies
andoftheassociations offoreign insurers
have theright toconclude insurance
contracts onlywithforeign legal and
natural persons andfortheir goods
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
c) Reinsurance and
retrocession services
(81299)1) None
2) None
3) Theestablishment ofcompanies with
foreign participation isallowed onlyin
partnership withRomanian legal ornatural
persons
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
GATS/SC/72
Page15ROMANIA (continued)GATS/SC/72
Page16
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
d) Services auxiliary to
insurance (including
broking andagency
services)
(8140)1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Theestablishment ofcompanies and
intermediation agencies withforeign
participation isallowed onlyinpartnership
withRomanian legal ornatural persons
Intermediation agencies arenotallowed to
conclude insurance contracts forforeign
insurance companies withRomanian legal
ornatural persons orfortheir goods1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) None
Therepresentatives offoreign insurance
companies andoftheassociations of
foreign insurers have theright toconclude
onlythefollowing types ofinsurance
contracts:
a)insurance andreinsurance contracts
withlegal andnatural foreign persons
orfortheir goods;
b)reinsurance contracts withRomanian
insurance companies,
insurance-reinsurance companies and
reinsurance companies
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures sectionROMANIA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
B. Banking andother
financial services
(excluding insurance)
a) Acceptance ofdeposits
andother reimbursable
funds from thepublic
(81115-81119)1) None
2) Theopening ofaccounts andutilization of
foreign currency resources abroad by
natural andlegal Romanian persons is
allowed onlywithprior permission from
theNational Bank ofRomania
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
b) Lending ofalltypes
(8113)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
GATS/SC/72
Page17ROMANIA (continued)GATS/SC/72
Page18
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
d) Allpayments andmoney
transmission services
(81339)1) Allowed onlythrough aresident bank
2) Theopening ofaccounts andutilization of
foreign currency resources abroad by
natural andlegal Romanian persons is
allowed onlywithprior permission from
theNational Bank ofRomania
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
e) Guarantees and
commitments
(8199)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures sectionROMANIA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
h) Money broking
(81339)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
k) Consultancy andother
auxiliary services
(8131)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
Additional information fortransparency andclarification purposes:
Normal prudential measures areapplied tofinancial institutions, withaview toprotecting theinvestors, depositors andtoensure thestability ofthefinancial
system. Theestablishment andtheactivity ofbanking companies aresubject toanauthorization from theNational Bank ofRomania. There arenorestrictions for
theestablishment ofaforeign bank inRomania, other thantheobservance ofprudential measures setupbytheNational Bank ofRomania. After theestablishment
ofacommercial presence, thefinancial institutions have tocarry outtheir transactions withresidents onlyinthenational currency ofRomania.
GATS/SC/72
Page19ROMANIA (continued)GATS/SC/72
Page20
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
9. TOURISM AND
TRAVEL-RELATED
SERVICES1
A. Hotels andrestaurants
(641-643)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
B.andC.Travel agencies,
touroperators andtourist
guides services
(7471-7472)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
1 Including hotels andrestaurants, travel agencies andtouroperators, recreational andcultural activities (museums, monuments andnatural reservations).ROMANIA (continued)
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
11. TRANSPORT
SERVICES
C. AirTransport Services
d) Maintenance andrepair
ofaircrafts
(8868)1) Unbound*
2) None
3) Anauthorization from theRomanian
Aeronautical Authority isrequired
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) Unbound*
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
Sales andmarketing
services forairtransport1) None
2) None
3) Unbound
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) Unbound
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section.
* Unbound duetolackoftechnical feasibility.
GATS/SC/72
Page21ROMANIA (continued)GATS/SC/72
Page22
Modes ofsupply: 1) Cross-border supply 2) Consumption abroad 3) Commercial presence 4) Presence ofnatural persons
Sector orsubsector Limitations onmarket access Limitations onnational treatment Additional commitments
Computer-reservation
services1) None
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) None
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section
F. Road Transport Services
a)andb)Passenger and
freight transportation
(7121, 7122, 7123, less
cabotage services)1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) Unbound, except asindicated inthe
horizontal measures section1) Unbound
2) None
3) None
4) None, onlyasindicated inthehorizontal
measures section