RESTRICTED
WORLD TRADE S/NGMTS/W/2/Add.2
18January 1995
ORGANIZATION
(95-0062)
Negotiating Group onMaritime Transport Services Original: English
COMMUNICATION FROM NEW ZEALAND
Response toQuestionnaire onMaritime Transport Services
Thefollowing communication iscirculated attherequest ofNewZealand toMembers ofthe
Negotiating Group onMaritime Transport Services.
_______________
I. Market structure
Vessels
STRUCTURE OFNATIONALLY-OWNED OROPERATED FLEET
Type ofVessels Number ofVessels Deadweight Tonnage
National Flag Foreign Flag National Flag Foreign Flag
OilTankers 3 -- 29,630 --
Liquified GasCarriers 1 -- 650 --
Chemical Tankers -- -- -- --
Combination Carriers -- -- -- --
Ore/Bulk Carriers 4 -- 12,395 --
General Cargo 4 9 11,532 11,823
Container Ships -- -- -- --
Refrigerated Carriers -- -- -- --
Specialized Cargo -- -- -- --
Ro-Ro 5 1 29,875 1,288
Ferries &Passengers 3 -- 5,187 --
Other 2 -- 768 --
AllVessels 22 10 90,037 13,111S/NGMTS/W/2/Add.2
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Trade
2. International trade byvolume yeartoJune1994 (000tonnes)
Exports Imports
Carried bysea 16,935 10,328
Total carried 17,028 10,407
Percentcarried bysea 99% 99%
3. Seeanswer to2above.
4. Estimated 10percentbyvalue ofinternational trade carried byNewZealand flagged ships,
primarily linertrade.
5. None.
Organization ofcargo
6. Estimated volume oftrade yeartoJune1994 (000tonnes)
Liner 4,500
Drybulk 8,300
Tanker 4,200
7. Estimated 90percentbyvolume.
8. Nil
9. Nil
10. Estimated 80percentbyvolume.
11. Notpossible tocalculate accurately. Broad estimate of60percentbyvolume.
Ports andauxiliary services
12. Total national porttraffic forinternational trade cargoes is27,263,000 tonnes.
Share ofmajor national ports is25,500,000 tonnes
Estimated containerized share oftotaltraffic isnotpossible tocalculate accurately. Broad
estimate of60percentbyvolume.S/NGMTS/W/2/Add.2
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13. Container station anddepot services Yes
Maritime Agency Services Yes
Maritime Freight Forwarding Services Yes
Maritime Cargo Handling Services Yes
Storage andWarehousing Services Yes
Customs Clearance Services Unaware ofanyforeign suppliers, but
norestrictions apply
Maintenance andrepair ofvessels Yes
14. Yes
II. Regulatory structure
General
1. TheMinistry ofTransport isresponsible for"outwards shipping" competition law."Outwards
shipping", asdefined intheShipping Act1987, means thecarriage ofgoods wholly orpartly bysea
fromaplace inNewZealand toaplaceoutside NewZealand. TheMinistry ofCommerce isresponsible
forallother competition lawinNew Zealand. TheMaritime Safety Authority isresponsible for
promoting asafemaritime environment.
TheMeatExportControlAct1921-22andtheWoolIndustryAct1977allowtheMeatProducers
Board andtheWool Board tocentrally negotiate fortheprovision ofmaritime transport services with
freight companies, andthenoblige exporters ofmeatandwool tocomply withtheoutcome ofthese
negotiations -thatis,which freight company orcompanies maybeusedandatwhatrates. Once this
isdetermined, exporters candealwiththedesignated shipping companies directly.
2. Theobjectives ofNewZealand 'sshipping policy relating tooutwards shipping, assetoutin
theShipping Act1987, areasfollows:
(a) Topromote andsafeguard faircompetition ininternational shipping serving New
Zealand 'soutwards shipping tothebenefit ofbothshippers andcarriers, having regard
tofactors including New Zealand 'sreliance onefficient, reliable andcompetitive
shipping services, whether provided byindividual carriers orbymembers ofa
conference;
(b) tosafeguard against theabuse ofadominant position byanycarrier orassociation of
carriers, andtoensure thattheentry ofnewcarriers intoNewZealand 'soutwards
shipping isnotunfairly prevented orprejudiced;
(c) todiscourage practices bycarriers thathave theeffect oflimiting, preventing, or
reducing competition among carriers;
(d) toencourage carriers togivereasonable notice toshippers whowillbeaffected of
impending changes totheterms andconditions uponwhich thecarrier carries goods;
(e) toencourage consultation andnegotiation between shippers andcarriers relating to
theterms andconditions ofthecarriage ofgoods bycarriers;
(f) torecognise thatcommercial relations between shippers andcarriers should be
self-regulating while there isasatisfactory balance ofadvantage between theparties.S/NGMTS/W/2/Add.2
Page4
Where theMinister ofTransport believes onreasonable grounds thatacarrier orcarrier is
orhasbeenengaged inanunfair practice thathasorislikely tohaveadetrimental effect ontheinterests
ofanyNewZealand shipper, theMinister maymake aninvestigation. Ifasaresult oftheMinister 's
investigation itisfound thattheinterests ofNewZealand hasbeenorislikely tobedisadvantaged,
theMinister maydirect thatcarrier to:
(a) Furnish theSecretary ofTransport withinformation relating toeachagreement relating
tooutwards shipping which thatcarrier hasbeenaparty to;
(b) givereasonable notice, asspecified, toanyNewZealand shipper onchanges tothe
terms andconditions upon which thatcarrier supplies outwards shipping services;
(c) provideevidencetotheMinisterthatthecarrierhasenteredintoreasonableconsultations
ornegotiations orbothwiththatshipper onsuchmatters asmayhavebeenspecified
bythatshipper.
PartIIoftheShipping Act1987 allows theMinister ofTransport tomake regulations forthe
defence ofNewZealand shipping ortrading interests iftheMinister issatisfied thataforeign government
oritsagency hasadopted orproposes toadopt anymeasure thatdamages orthreatens todamage New
Zealand shipping ortrading interests byadversely affecting theaccess ofNewZealand national flag
carriers toseaborne cargo orofNewZealand shippers totheservices ofcarriers oftheirchoice.
These regulations include:
(a) Regulating thecarriage ofgoods inships andtheratestobecharged forsuchcarriage;
(b) regulating theentry ofships intoNewZealand andthedeparture ofships fromNew
Zealand, andthecargo carried insuchships;
(c) regulatingthetermsandconditionsofagreementsrelatingtoshippingservices,including
charter parties;
(d) fixing andlevying charges onships thatenter NewZealand ports.
Anysuchregulations relate onlytooutwards shipping byships controlled by:
(a) thatforeign government oragency;
(b) anational ofthecountry ofthatgovernment; or
(c) abody corporate having itsprincipal place ofbusiness inthatcountry.
3. Seeanswer to2above.
4. TheShipping Act1987setsouttheoverall regulatory approach applied tooutwards shipping
legsofmultimodal transport. Seeanswer to2above. TheCommerce Act1986 applies toallother
legsofmultimodal transport, anddeals withrestrictive trade practices, business acquisitions, control
ofprices, andenforcement, remedies andappeals.
There arenorestrictions ontheability ofmultimodal operators, general andbulkshipping
lines, shippers andintermediaries torentorlease truck, railway carriages, orbarges andrelated
equipment forthepurpose ofinland forwarding ofcargoes ortohavereasonable andnon-discriminatory
access toanduseof,these forms ofintermodal activities.S/NGMTS/W/2/Add.2
Page5
5. ThePortCompanies Act1988 established portcompanies tooperate ports asasuccessful
business. Private persons arefreetoundertake auxiliary service activities inportareas. TheResource
Management Act1991regulates theuseofscarce resources, andanypersons establishing newactivities
onundeveloped waterfront areas arerequired togothrough non-discriminatory, planning procedures.
6. There isnonational definition of"international maritime transport".
7. There isnonational definition of"national shipping enterprise".
Market access
8. (a) No
(b) No
(c) No
(d) (i) No
(ii) No
9. (a) No
(b) No
10. No.However, allinvestments byforeigners greater than$NZ10 million require Overseas
Investment Commission consent. Inthecaseofthemaritime transport industry thisisreadily given
iftheinvestor canshow theyareofgood character.
11. (a) No
(b) No
(c) No
TheShipRegistration Act1992provides thatashipisrequired toberegistered ineither Part
AorPartBoftheRegister if:
(a) Theshipisapleasure vessel ordoesnotexceed 24metres register length; and
(b) theshipproceeds from NewZealand onanoverseas voyage; and
(c) either theshipisaNewZealand owned ship,oramajority interest intheshipisowned
byaperson orpersons whoisorareentitled toreside inNewZealand indefinitely.
Thefollowing shipsareentitled toberegistered inPartAoftheRegister which denotes interest
inshipandprovides therighttoflythenational flag:
(a) NewZealand owned ships thatarepleasure vessels;
(b) ships ondemise charter toNewZealand based operators (other thanpleasure vessels
andNewZealand owned ships);S/NGMTS/W/2/Add.2
Page6
(c) NewZealand owned ships notexceeding 24metres register length;
(d) NewZealand owned ships thatareengaged solely oninland waters ofNewZealand;
(e) NewZealand owned shipsthatarebarges anddonotproceed onvoyages beyond coastal
waters.
Thefollowing ships areentitled toberegistered inPartBoftheRegister, which denotes the
righttoflythenational flag.
(a) NewZealand owned ships thatarepleasure vessels;
(b) NewZealand owned ships notexceeding 24metres register length;
(c) anyother ship, ifamajority interest intheshipisowned byaperson orpersons (not
being aNew Zealand citizen) whoisorareentitled toreside inNew Zealand
indefinitely.
National treatment
12. (a) No
(b) No
Access toanduseofportfacilities
13. These services areprovided byports inNewZealand, although notallports provide allthese
services. Wherever these services areavailable, theyareprovided onanon-discriminatory basis.
14. Pilotageandtowingandtugassistancearegenerallymandatory.Whereanyoftheaboveservices
aremandatory, theyaremandatory forsafety orenvironmental factors, andarenon-discriminatory
intheirapplication.
15. All
16. No
17. No
18. No
19. No
Most-favoured-nation treatment
20. No
21. Notapplicable
22. No
23. No
24. NoS/NGMTS/W/2/Add.2
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25. PartIIoftheShipping Act1987 allows theMinister ofTransport tomake regulations forthe
defence ofNewZealand shipping ortrading interests iftheMinister issatisfied thataforeign government
oritsagency hasadopted orproposes toadopt anymeasure thatdamages orthreatens todamage New
Zealand shipping ortrading interests byadversely affecting theaccess ofNewZealand national flag
carries toseaborne cargo orofNewZealand shippers totheservices ofcarriers oftheirchoice.
These regulations include:
(a) Regulating thecarriage ofgoods inships andtheratestobecharged forsuchcarriage;
(b) regulating theentry ofships intoNewZealand andthedeparture ofships from New
Zealand, andthecargo carried insuchships;
(c) regulatingthetermsandconditionsofagreementsrelatingtoshippingservices,including
charter parties;
(d) fixing andlevying charges onships thatenter NewZealand ports.
Anysuchregulations relate onlytooutwards shipping byships controlled by:
(a) thatforeign government oragency;
(b) anational ofthecountry ofthatgovernment; or
(c) abody corporate having itsprincipal place ofbusiness inthatcountry.
PartIIoftheShipping Act1987 hasnever beenused, andifusedwould beusedinaGATS
consistent manner.
26. Seeanswer toNo.25above. Theimposition ofsuchregulations applies onlytotheprovision
ofoutwards shipping services. "Outwards shipping", asdefined intheShipping Act1987, means the
carriage ofgoods wholly orpartly byseafromaplace inNewZealand toaplace outside NewZealand.
Government procurement
27. No
28. No
Competition law
29. (a) Seeanswers to1and2above.
(b) TheShipping Act1987 andtheCommerce Act1986 apply.
(c) TheShipping Act1987 andtheCommerce Act1986 apply.
(d) NewZealand lawdoesnotrecognise shippers 'councils.S/NGMTS/W/2/Add.2
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Shipping conferences
30. No
31. No
32. No
33. No
34. Notapplicable
Shipper/carrier relations
35. (a) Givereasonable notice, asspecified, toanyNewZealand shipper onchanges tothe
terms andconditions upon which thatcarrier supplies outwards shipping services;
(b) provideevidencetotheMinisterthatthecarrierhasenteredintoreasonableconsultations
ornegotiations orbothwiththatshipper onsuchmatters asmayhavebeenspecified
bythatshipper.
36. There arenogovernment requirements orroleinthisarea.