RESTRICTED
ORGANIZACI ÓNMUNDIAL IP/C/W/1
7demarzo de1995
DEL COMERCIO(95-0495)
Consejo delosAspectos delosDerechos
dePropiedad Intelectual relacionados
conelComercio
ACTIVIDADES PERTINENTES DELAORGANIZACI ÓNMUNDIAL DEADUANAS
Nota delaSecretaría
Lapresente notaproporciona información fáctica acerca delasactividades encurso enla
Organización Mundial deAduanas (antiguo Consejo deCooperación Aduanera) relativas alarevisión
delModelo delegislación nacional destinada aconferir alasaduanas facultades paraaplicar lalegislación
sobremarcasdefábricaydecomercioysobrederechodeautor,aprobadoporelConsejodeCooperación
Aduanera en1988. LaSecretaría delaOrganización Mundial delComercio havenido siguiendo esta
labor encalidad deobservador.
TraslaconclusióndelaRondaUruguay,elComitéTécnicoPermanenteyelComitédeEjecución
delaOrganización Mundial deAduanas consideraron lacuestión desielmodelo delegislación de1988
debería actualizarse conelfindetenerencuenta, entreotrascosas, lasdisposiciones delAcuerdo sobre
losADPIC relativas alaobservancia enlafrontera. Sobre labasedelasrecomendaciones deesos
dosComités, elConsejo delaOMA, ensureunión anual dejunio de1994, decidió queseiniciara
esalabor.
Enseptiembre de1994, ungrupo detrabajo mixto delComité Técnico Permanente ydelComité
deEjecución sereunió conelfindeexaminar elproyecto demodelo revisado preparado porlaSecretaría
delaOMA. Elproyecto fueexaminado detenidamente yrevisado enconsecuencia.
Enenero de1995, elinforme delgrupo detrabajo mixto fueexaminado porelComité de
Ejecución delaOMA yseañadieron nuevas enmiendas. Eltextoresultante eselproyecto demodelo
delegislación anexo alapresente nota(disponible eninglés yfrancés únicamente).
Enlapróxima fase, elComité Técnico Permanente delaOMA examinará dicho proyecto,
enmayo de1995. Sehaprevisto que,traslaaprobación porelComité, elproyecto sesometa ala
aprobacióndefinitivadelConsejodelaOrganizaciónMundialdeAduanasensuperíodoanualdesesiones
dejunio de1995.IP/C/W/1
Página 2
ANNEX 1
WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION
DRAFT MODEL FOR NATIONAL LEGISLATION TOGIVE THE CUSTOMS POWERS TO
IMPLEMENT THE AGREEMENT ONTRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
Introduction
Thequestion oftherolethattheCustoms should playinfighting counterfeiting andpiracy
ininternational trade hasbeendiscussed invarious foraattheinternational level, notably inGATT,
intheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO)andintheWorldCustomsOrganization(WCO).
Although itisnowaccepted thattheCustoms canplayaveryeffective roleincombating
counterfeiting andpiracy, fewCustoms services haveauthority inthisfield: existing trademark and
copyright lawswere enacted longbefore counterfeiting andpiracy were problems ofgrave concern
ininternational trade. However, governments arenowtaking every opportunity toenact legislation
which, among other measures, provides theirCustoms services withappropriate competence tofight
counterfeiting andpiracy.
Foritspart,in1988theWCO approved thepreparation ofModel Legislation inorder toprovide
countries withamodel which theymight useforpreparing national legislation, should theydecide
togivetheirCustoms services appropriate powers toassist infighting counterfeiting andpiracy inthe
context oftrademark andcopyright violations.
Inthecontext oftheGATT Uruguay Round multilateral negotiations, governments desiring
toreduce distortions andimpediments tointernational trade, andtaking intoaccount theneedtopromote
effective andadequate protection ofintellectual property rights, andtoensure thatmeasures and
procedures toenforce intellectual property rights donotthemselves become barriers tolegitimate trade,
recognized theneedfornewrules anddisciplines.
Therules anddisciplines mentioned above weredefined intheAgreement onTrade-Related
Aspects ofIntellectual Property Rights (TRIPs Agreement).
InthelightoftheTRIPs Agreement, theWCO approved therevision ofthisModel Legislation
toenable thepreparation ofnational legislation consistent withtheGATT Agreement.
Certain basic considerations haveinfluenced thescope andcontent oftheModel Legislation.
Thesame considerations should betaken intoaccount inpreparing national legislation.
Firstly, although itisrecognized thattheCustoms cancontribute effectively inthefightagainst
counterfeitingandpiracy,theroleoftheCustomshastobedefinedverypreciselyifCustomsintervention
isnottohinder thesmooth flowoftrade ingenuine goods. Theconcern thatmeasures taken bythe
Customs inthisfieldmight result inthecreation ofbarriers tointernational trade hasbeenexpressed
byanumber ofcountries. Toavoid this,theModel Legislation delimits theprecise roleoftheCustoms.IP/C/W/1
Página 3
Thesecond consideration isthatitistheowners oftrademarks andcopyrights whohavethe
prime responsibility fortaking measures toprotect theirrights. Suchmeasures include, forexample,
theregistration oftrademarks asprescribed bytrademark law,andthenotification totheCustoms that
theyowntherights thathavetobeprotected. TheroleoftheCustoms islimited toassisting inthe
enforcement ofprotected rights.
Thirdly,theextentandeffectivenessofCustomsinterventionwouldbedependentontheresources
available totheCustoms. TheModel Legislation provides foralternative levels ofCustoms intervention
sothatcountries canchoose thelevelwhich ismost appropriate inthelightoftheirlegislation.
Finally, itisconsidered thatanyinfringement ofintellectual property rights bytheimportation
orexportation ofcounterfeit trademark orpirated goods should, totheextent possible, bepunished
inawaytoachieve theequivalent effect asinanyinfringement ofthese rights bythemaking of
counterfeit trademark goods orpirated goods within theCustoms territory.
Thestructure andcontent oftheModel Legislation arebased ontheforegoing considerations.
PartIandPartIIprovide anumber ofpossible options. PartIIIistoapply irrespective oftheoption
adopted.
DEFINITIONS
Forthepurposes ofthisModel Legislation: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY shallmean the
following sectors:
1. copyright andrelated rights;
2. trademarks: anysign, including words, names, letters, numerals, figurative elements and
combinationsofcolours,orcombinationsoftheseusedbyamanufacturerormerchanttoidentify
itsgoods anddistinguish them from those manufactured orsoldbyothers;
3. geographical indications, which identify agood asoriginating intheterritory ofaState, or
aregion orlocality inthatterritory, where agiven quality, reputation orother characteristic
ofthegood isessentially attributable toitsgeographical origin;
4. industrial designs;
5. patents which shallbeavailable foranyinventions, whether products orprocesses, inallfields
oftechnology, provided thattheyarenew,involve aninventive stepandarecapable ofindustrial
application;
6. layout-design (topographies) ofintegrated circuits: either aprotected layout-design oran
integrated circuit inwhich aprotected layout-design isincorporated;
7. protection ofundisclosed information suchastrade secrets andother business confidential
information.
RELATED RIGHTS shallmean:
those intellectual property rights, other thancopyright, enjoyed byperformers, producers of
phonograms, broadcasting organizations andpublishers, which fallwithin thescope ofthis
law.IP/C/W/1
Página 4
RIGHT HOLDER shallmean:
1. anowner ofaregistered trademark;
2. aholder ofacopyright; or
3. aholder ofanyother intellectual property.
Note:
Thistermmaybeextended toholders ofexclusive licences.
HOLDER OFACOPYRIGHT AND/OR RELATED RIGHT shallmean:
theoriginal owner ofthecopyright and/or related right, ortheirsuccessors intitle.
Note:
Thistermmaybeextended toholders ofexclusive licences.
PIRATED COPYRIGHT GOODS shallmean:
anygoods which arecopies made without theconsent oftheright holder orperson duly
authorized bytheright holder inthecountry ofproduction andwhich aremade directly or
indirectly fromanarticle where themaking ofthatcopywould haveconstituted aninfringement
ofacopyright [orarelated right] under thelawofthecountry ofimportation.
REGISTERED TRADEMARK shallmean:
anytrademark registered, ordeemed toberegistered, under national trademark legislation,
orbyvirtue ofaninternational agreement orConvention.
OWNER OFAREGISTERED TRADEMARK shallmean:
theperson registered astheowner ofthetrademark.
Note:
Under theaccepted principles oftheLawofAgency, anapproach toCustoms might bemade
byanindividual, corporation orassociation asagent fortheperson registered astheowner.
COUNTERFEIT TRADEMARK GOODS shallmean:
(a) anygoods, including packaging, bearing without authorization atrademark which is
identical tothetrademark validly registered inrespect ofsuchgoods, orwhich cannot
bedistinguished initsessential aspects from suchatrademark, andwhich thereby
infringes therights oftheowner ofthetrademark inquestion under thelawofthe
country ofimportation;
(b) anytrademark designed without authorization tobeapplied togoods, whether presented
separately ornot,inthesame circumstances asthegoods referred toat(a)above;
orIP/C/W/1
Página 5
(c) anygoods bearing marks which areidentical to,orsubstantially indistinguishable from,
protected trademarks, which maybeinviolation ofthisSection when usedongoods
orservices differing fromthose forwhich atrademark isregistered, causing confusion
astosource oforigin.
CUSTOMS shallmean:
theGovernment service which isresponsible fortheadministration ofCustoms lawandthe
collection ofimport andexport duties andtaxes andwhich alsohasresponsibility forthe
importation, transit andexportation ofgoods.
Notes:
1. Thistermisalsousedwhen referring toanypartoftheCustoms service oritsmainorsubsidiary
offices.
2. Thistermisalsousedadjectivally inconnection withofficials oftheCustoms, import orexport
duties orcontrols ongoods, oranyother matter within thepurview oftheCustoms (Customs
officer, Customs duties, Customs office, Customs declaration).
CUSTOMS LEGISLATION shallmean:
thestatutory andregulatory provisions concerning theimportation andexportation ofGlossary
goods, theadministration andenforcement ofwhich arespecifically charged totheCustoms,
andanyregulations made bytheCustoms under theirstatutory powers.
CUSTOMS TERRITORY shallmean:
theterritory inwhich theCustoms lawofaState applies infull.
Note:
Asarule,theCustoms territory ofaStatecorresponds toitsnational territory including land,
seaandairspace. However, certain portions ofthenational territory maybeexcluded, e.g.,
freezones orthewaters between thecoastline andtheState'sterritorial boundary atsea.The
excluded portions ofthenational territory arecalled "Customs exclaves". Byinternational
agreement theCustoms territory ofaState mayinclude aCustoms exclave ofanother State.
Theareasoincluded iscalled a"Customs enclave".
IMPORTATION shallmean:
theactofbringing orcausing anygoods tobebrought intoaCustoms territory.
EXPORTATION shallmean:
theactoftaking goods outoftheCustoms territory.
CLEARANCE (OFGOODS) shallmean:
theaccomplishment oftheCustoms formalities necessary toallow goods tobeexported, to
enter home use,ortobeplaced under another Customs procedure.IP/C/W/1
Página 6
Notes:
Thistermincludes theclearance ofgoods which areintransit.
Thedefinitions are,forthemost part, taken from theWCO Glossary andfrom theTRIPs
Agreements. Anyvariations fromtheTRIPs Agreements weremade toadapt thedefinitions
specifically forusebyCustoms administrations.
PART I
APPLICATION FOR INTERVENTION BYTHE CUSTOMS OROTHER
COMPETENT AUTHORITY INTHE IMPLEMENTATION OFTHE
AGREEMENT ONTRADE-RELATED ASPECTS
OFINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
Application forIntervention by
theCustoms orother Competent Authority
Article 1
Theowner ofanyregistered trademark maymake application totheCustoms orothercompetent
authority:
(a) Stating heistheowner oftheregistered trademark; and
(b) requesting theCustoms tosuspend clearance ofgoods suspected ofbeing counterfeit.
Article 2
Theholder ofacopyright maymake application totheCustoms orother competent authority:
(a) Stating thatheistheholder ofthecopyright; and
(b) requesting theCustoms tosuspend clearance ofgoods suspected ofbeing pirated.
Note:
Theprovisions ofthisArticle maybeextended toholders ofexclusive licences andrelated
rights.
Article 3
Thecompetent authorities mayallow anapplication tobemade forintervention byCustoms
inrespect ofgoods which involve infringements ofintellectual property rights other thanthose included
inArticles 1and2,provided thattheprovisions ofthislegislation aremet. Where national legislation
doesnotspecify other competent authorities, theapplication maybemade directly totheCustoms.
Article 4
Members mayapply theprovisions ofArticles 1,2and3atexportation.IP/C/W/1
Página 7
Note:
Members mayalsoapply theprovisions ofArticles 1,2and3togoods intransit.
Article 5
Anyapplication made under Articles 1,2or3ofthisModel Legislation should specify for
howlongtheCustoms should provide theassistance required.
Thisperiod may, bysubsequent application, beextended forfurther periods.
Theowner ofatrademark orholder ofacopyright isrequired toinform theCustoms when
suchatrademark orcopyright ceases tobevalid foranyreason whatsoever.
Note:
Itisrecommended that,intheinterests ofefficiency, consideration begiven totheestablishment
ofanational centralized system forthesubmission ofapplications forintervention.
Conditions Governing Applications
Article 6
Anyapplication inrespect ofatrademark orcopyright should bepresented inwriting andshould
beaccompanied by:
(a) Adequate evidence oftheexistence ofavalid intellectual property right;
(b) astatement ofthegrounds fortheapplication, andinparticular theprima faciaevidence
showing thatsuchintellectual property righthasbeeninfringed.
Note:
Examples ofevidence which maybepresented (which maybeoriginals orcopies, depending
onavailability) areasfollows:
- Thename andbusiness address oftheimporter(s) and/or consignee(s) ofthe
allegedly-infringing articles;
- asufficiently detailed description ofthesuspect goods tomake them readily
recognizable byCustoms, including asample oftheinfringing article(s) or
aphotographic orother likeness reproduced onpaper nolarger than8½"x
11"(orsimilar);
- thecountryorcountriesofmanufactureoftheallegedly-infringingmerchandise;
- thename andprinciple business address ofeachforeign person orbusiness
entity involved inthemanufacture and/or distribution ofsuspect articles;
- themode oftransportation andtheidentity ofthetransporter(s) oftheallegedly-
infringing goods;IP/C/W/1
Página 8
- theport(s) where itisanticipated thesuspect articles willbepresented to
Customs;
- theanticipated dateofpresentation toCustoms;
- theHarmonized Tariff Schedule designation ofthesuspect goods (ifknown).
(c) acomplete description ofthegoods inrespect ofwhich thetrademark orcopyright
applies together, where appropriate, withasample ofthebonafideproduct.
Note:
Examples areasfollows:
- Asample article bearing theregistered trademark orcopyright, ortwocopies
ofaphotographic orother likeness ofthetrademark orcopyright, asitisused
ongoods, reproduced onpaper nolarger than8½"x11"(orsimilar);
- theplace ofmanufacture ofgenuine goods andtheidentity ofthe
manufacturer(s); and
- thename andprincipal business address ofeachforeign person orbusiness
entity authorized orlicensed tousetheEPRandastatement astotheuse
authorized.
(d) fulldetails oftheapplicant andhislocation.
Note:
Examples areasfollows:
- Thename, complete business address, andcitizenship ofthetrademark or
owners (ifapartnership, thecitizenship ofeachpartner; ifanassociation or
corporation, thestate, country orother political jurisdiction within which it
wasorganized, incorporated, orcreated).
(e) anauthorization from theowner oftheregistered trademark, where theapplicant is
anauthorized representative; and
(f) theprescribed fee.
Article 7
Thecompetent authority maymake regulations prescribing theforminwhich applications are
tobemade andrequiring theperson making anapplication tofurnish evidence astotheownership
andtocomply withsuchother conditions asmaybespecified which mayinclude thepayment ofa
feetocover theadministrative costs oftheCustoms.
Article 8
When anyapplication totheCustoms ismade under Article 1,2or3itshallbeaccompanied
byanundertaking bytheperson making theapplication toindemnify theCustoms authorities andtoIP/C/W/1
Página 9
compensate anyimporter, consignee, exporter orowner ofthegoods forlossordamage resulting from
thewrongful suspension ofclearance ofgoods.
Granting ofApplications
Article 9
Within areasonable timeofthereceipt ofanapplication under Article 1,2or3,theCustoms
orcompetent authority shallnotify theapplicant whether theapplication hasbeengranted orrejected
orreserved forfurther consideration. Iftheapplication isgranted itshallbeeffective forsuchperiod
asisspecified.
Note:
Urgent attention should begiven tothenotification totheapplicant.
Article 10
Customs orother competent authority shallhaveauthority torequire anapplicant toprovide
asecurity orequivalent assurance sufficient toprotect theimporter, consignee, exporter orowner of
thegoods andthecompetent authorities. (SeealsoArticle 8.)However, suchsecurity orequivalent
assurance shallnotunreasonably deter recourse tothese procedures.
Measures tobeTaken bytheCustoms
Article 11
(a) Upon granting anapplication under Article 1,2or3,theCustoms shall suspend
clearance ofthegoods referred tointheapplication. Thesuspension shallremain in
force fortheinitial period, andanyextension thereof, asspecified bytheCustoms;
(b) theCustoms shallimmediately inform theimporter andtheapplicant ofthesuspension
oftheclearance ofthegoods, andshallstatethereasons forsuchsuspension. Customs
shallalsonotify theimporter ofthename andaddress oftheapplicant.
Article 12
(a) If,within aperiod of10working daysaftertheapplicant hasbeenserved notice of
thesuspension,theCustomsauthoritieshavenotbeeninformedthatproceedingsleading
toadecision onthemerits ofthecasehavebeeninitiated byaparty other thanthe
defendant (theimporter, theconsignee, theexporter ortheowner ofthegoods) orthat
theduly empowered authority hastaken provisions ormeasures prolonging the
suspension oftherelease ofthegoods, thegoods shallbereleased, provided thatall
otherconditionsforimportationorexportationhavebeencompliedwith.Thistime-limit
maybeextended byanother 10working days.
(b) Ifproceedings leading toadecision onthemerits ofthecasehavebeeninitiated, a
review, including arighttobeheard, shalltakeplace upon request ofthedefendant
withaviewtodeciding, within areasonable period, whether these measures shallbe
modified, revoked orconfirmed. Notwithstanding theabove, where thesuspension
oftherelease ofgoods iscarried outorcontinued inaccordance withaprovisional
judicial measure, thisperiod willbedetermined bythejudicial authority ordering theIP/C/W/1
Página 10
measures where national lawsopermits, orintheabsence ofsuchadetermination,
nottoexceed 20working daysor31calendar dayswhichever, isthelonger.
(c) Where, pursuant toanapplication theclearance ofgoods involving industrial designs,
patents, layout-designs orundisclosed information intofreecirculation hasbeen
suspended byCustoms authorities onthebasis ofadecision other thanbyajudicial
orother independent authority, andtheperiod provided forinArticle 12(a) and(b)
above hasexpired without thegranting ofprovisional relief bythedulyempowered
authority, andprovided thatallother conditions forimportation havebeencomplied
with, theowner, exporter, importer, orconsignee ofsuchgoods shallbeentitled to
theirclearance ontheposting ofasecurity inanamount sufficient toprotect theright
holder foranyinfringement. Payment ofsuchsecurity shallnotprejudice anyother
remedy available totheright holder, itbeing understood thatthesecurity shall be
released iftherightholder failstopursue hisrightofaction within areasonable period
oftime.
Relations between Customs, Right Holders, Importers andExporters
Article 13
Without prejudice totheprotection ofconfidential information, Customs oranother competent
authority mayallow aright holder, importer orexporter toexamine thegoods, intheclearance of
which hasbeensuspended inaccordance withArticle 11,andtoremove samples forexamination, testing
andanalysis, todetermine whether thegoods arepirated, counterfeit orotherwise infringe anintellectual
property right.
Article 14
Without prejudice totheprotection ofconfidential information, andinaccordance withnational
legislation andprocedures, theCustoms mayprovide theright holder withanyfurther information
which theCustoms issatisfied would assist indetermining whether thegoods arecounterfeit, pirated
orotherwise infringe anintellectual property right.
Article 15
(a) Where apositive determination hasbeenmade thatthegoods arecounterfeit, pirated,
orotherwiseinfringeanintellectualpropertyright,Customsmayinformtherightholder
ofthenames andaddresses oftheexporter, theimporter andtheconsignee andofthe
quantity ofthegoods inquestion;
(b) without prejudice totheprotection ofconfidential information, andinaccordance with
national legislation andprocedures, where itisdetermined thatgoods theclearance
ofwhich hasbeensuspended under Article 11arecounterfeit, pirated orotherwise
infringe anintellectual property right, theCustoms orother competent authority may,
onrequest, provide therightholder withcopies ofdocuments lodged inrespect ofsuch
goods orwith anyavailable information ordocuments relating toanyprevious
importations orexportations ofsimilar goods bythesame importer orexporter.IP/C/W/1
Página 11
Article 16
Subject totheprovisions ofnational legislation, whether ornotanapplication hasbeenreceived
under Article 1,2or3,theCustoms authorities shallnotbeliable for:
(i) Anyfailure todetect goods infringing intellectual property rights;
(ii) theinadvertent release ofsuchgoods; and
(iii) anyaction taken ingood faithinrespect ofsuchgoods.
Article 17
Therelevant authorities shallhavetheauthority toorder anapplicant topaytheowner, the
importer, theexporter andtheconsignee ofthegoods appropriate compensation forinjury caused to
them through thewrongful detention ofgoods orthrough thedetention ofgoods released pursuant
toArticle 12.
Note:
Wrongful detention means: thesuspension oftherelease ofgoods when thesubstantive decision
hasnotestablished thatthegoods arecounterfeit orpirated.
PART II
EX-OFFICIO ACTION
Article 18
Customs administrative procedures under thisPartshallbeequivalent insubstance tothejudicial
standards asprovided forininternational agreements onintellectual property rights, including:
- theAgreement onTrade-Related Aspects ofIntellectual Property Rights (TRIPs
Agreement);
- theParis Convention (1883) fortheProtection ofIndustrial Property; and
- theBerne Convention (1886) fortheProtection ofLiterary andArtistic Works.
Article 19
Customs may, onitsoninitiative, suspend theclearance ofgoods inrespect ofwhich ithas
acquired prima facieevidence thatanintellectual property righthasbeen, ormaybe,infringed.
Note:
Prima facieevidence mustadequately demonstrate thatanintellectual property righthasbeen,
ormaybe,infringed.IP/C/W/1
Página 12
Customs Powers
Article 20
Where theclearance ofgoods hasbeensuspended inaccordance withArticle 19,Customs may,
where itactsonitsowninitiative, seekfromtherightholder theprovision, without payment, ofany
information orassistance, including technical expertize andfacilities forthepurpose ofdetermining
whether suspect goods arecounterfeit, pirated orotherwise infringe anintellectual property right.
Article 21
Where Customs actsinaccordance withArticle 19ofthisModel Legislation, theprovisions
ofArticles 11to17above shall, mutatis mutandis ,apply.
Article 22
TheCustoms shallimmediately inform therightholder oftheplace anddateofthesuspension
ofCustoms clearance.
Article 23
Where theCustoms actsupon itsowninitiative tosuspend theclearance ofgoods inrespect
ofwhich ithasacquired prima facieevidence thatanintellectual property rightisbeing, infringed,
itshallonlybeexempt from liability where actions aretaken orintended ingood faith.
PART III
DISPOSAL OFCOUNTERFEIT TRADEMARK
ORPIRATED GOODS
Article 24
Whereinjudicialoradministrativeproceedingsorinasettlementitisdeterminedthatcounterfeit
trademark orpirated goods areliable toforfeiture asprohibited goods, orthatgoods arecounterfeit
orpirated, theCustoms shallhavepower todispose oftheminthefollowing manner unless otherwise
instructed bythejudicial authority:
(a) bydestruction under official supervision; or
(b) bysuchother manner asmaybewithin thecompetence oftheCustoms, provided that
suchmanner ofdisposal shallbeoutside normal channels ofcommerce andbewithout
detriment totheowner ofthetrademark orthecopyright holder.
Note:
Right holders should beallowed tosuggest anappropriate manner ofdisposal ofthegoods.
TheCustoms shallnotallow there-exportation ofcounterfeit trademark goods orsubject them
toadifferent Customs procedure, other thaninexceptional circumstances.IP/C/W/1
Página 13
Article 25
Counterfeit trademark orpirated goods ofanon-commercial nature contained intravellers '
personal luggage orsentinsmall consignments maybeexcluded fromtheapplication ofthislegislation.
Note:
Infringing goods imported forcommercial purposes (forexample, forsaleorpromotion) should
notbesubject tothedeminimus provisions ofthisArticle. Some countries allow forthe
importation ofonearticle which bears aninfringing trademark, ifitisaccompanying atraveller
andifitisforpersonal use. Some countries donotevenallow thissmall concession.
PART IV
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Article 26
Theappropriate authorities shallestablish contact points intheirnational administrations for
theexchange ofinformation ontrade ingoods infringing intellectual property rights.
They shallpromote theexchange ofinformation andcooperate withother Customs authorities
withregard tothetrade ingoods which infringe intellectual property rights.
PART V
MISCELLANEOUS
Article 27
TheCustoms and/or other competent authorities shallpublish, inanofficial language, laws,
regulations andadministrative rulings ofgeneral application, andshallmake them publicly available
toanyinterested party.