RESTRICTED 
WORLD TRADE G/ADP/NM/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
ORGANIZATION 26 September 1995 
(95-2808) 
Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices Original: English 
SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT UNDER 
ARTICLE 16.4 OF THE AGREEMENT 
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 
Reproduced herewith is the semi-annual report from the European Community. 
In view of the decision on Avoidance of Procedural and Institutional Duplication adopted by 
the Committee at its meeting on 21 February 1995 (ADP/135), this report is deemed to be also the 
Semi-Annual Report of the European Community to the Tokyo Round Committee on Anti-Dumping 
Practices. 
• Reporting Member: European Community 
SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT OF ANTI-DUMPING ACTIONS 
For the Period 1 January - 30 June 1995 
Country or 
customs 
territory 
1 
Brazil 
Bulgaria Product 
2 
Ferro-silicon 
(PR) 
Urea 
ammonium 
nitrate solution Date of 
Initiation 
3 
Date 
17.6.94 
05.05.93 Provisional 
measures* 
4 
Date, 
dumping 
margin 
01.07.94 (e.i.f.) 
(dumping margin: 
33.3%; ROD: 
difference (if 
any) between 
ECU 89 per 
tonne of product 
and c.i.f. price 
plus import duty 
OR. in certain 
cases, specific 
duty of ECU 20 
per tonne of 
product) Final Measures* 
Definitive Under-
duty taking 
5 
Date, 
dumping 
margin 
25.5.95 (ECU 
849 per tonne 
and ECU 885 
for the two 
companies 
concerned by 
the partial 
review) 
01.01.95 
(e.i.f.) 
(Dumping 
margin: 33.3%; 
ROD: ECU 20 
per tonne) 6 
Date, 
dumping 
margin 
01.01.95 
(e.i.f.) 
(PU) No final measures 
No No Case Other 
dumping injury withdrawn 
7 
Date 8 
Date 9 
Date 10 
Date Trade 
volume 
11 
n.a. 
750,000 t 
(a.c.a.) 
(01.04.92-
31.03.93) Dumped 
imports 
as 
%of 
domestic 
con­
sumption 
12 
n.a. 
7% 
(01.04.92 
31.03.93) %of 
trade 
volume 
investi­
gated 
(of the 
exporting 
country) 
13 
n.a. 
n.a. Basis 
for 
determina­
tion 
14 
CV 
TM (former 
Czecho­
slovakia) 1 
Canada 
China, P.R. 2 
3.5" Microdisks 
Furfuraldehyde 
Certain 
footwear 
(leather uppers) 
Certain 
footwear 
(textile uppers) 
Tungsten ores 
and 
concentrates, 
tungsten oxide 
and acid, 
tungsten 
carbide and 
fused tungsten 
carbide 
Colour 
television 
receivers 
Furfuryl 
alcohol 
Gas-fuelled 
non-refillable 
pocket flint 
lighters (PR) 3 
06.04.95 
31.07.93 
22.02.95 
22.02.95 
Under­
takings 
withdrawn 
by exporters 
25.11.92 
06.04.95 
21.12.93 4 
21.07.94 
(Dumping 
margin: 62.6%; 
ROD: ECU 352 
per tonne) 
23.09.94 
(33%-37%) (1) 
01.10.94(28.2%) 5 
21.01.95 
(Dumping 
margin: 62.6%; 
ROD: ECU 
352 per tonne) 
23.03.95 
(33%-42.4%) 
(I) 
01.04.95 
(25.6%) 
04.05.95 
(Dumping 
margin: 80.3%; 
ROD: ECU 
0.065 per 
lighter) 6 7 8 9 10 11 
n.a. 
4.8 million 
units 
(a.c.a.) 
(01.07.91-
30.06.92) 
71.6 million 
units 
(01.01.93-
31.12.93) 12 
45.8% 
(1.07.92-
30.6.93) 
19.6% 
(a.c.a.) 
(01.07.91 
30.06.92) 
10% 
(01.01.93 
31.12.93) 13 
100% 
(1.07.92-
31.12.92) 
50% 
(01.01.93 
-30.6.93) 
60% 
80% 14 
TM 
(Argentina) 
TM 
(Singapore) 
TM 
(Philip­
pines) 
OQ TJ > 
(B *•-. O 
•- *D 
oo 2 
PI *-M -» O M M n O 
1 
Czech 
Republic 
India 
Indonesia 
Japan 2 
Urea (R) 
Sacks & bags 
made of 
polyethylene or 
polypropylene 
Certain 
footwear 
(leather uppers) 
Certain 
footwear 
(textile uppers) 
3.5" Microdisks 
Sacks & bags 
made of 
polyethylene or 
polypropylene 
Certain 
polyester yarns 
(man-made 
staple fibres) 
(PR) 
Ball bearings 
<30mm 
outside 
diameter 
Ball bearings 
>30mm 
outside 
diameter 3 
27.03.93 
13.04.95 
22.02.95 
22.02.95 
06.04.95 
13.04.95 
12.03.94 
23.03.95 
23.03.95 4 5 6 7 
4.3.95 8 
4.3.95 
25.5.95 (seven 
of the eight 
companies in the 
partial review 
were found not 
to be dumping. 
For the eighth 
company, the 
measures remain 
unchanged) 9 10 11 
n.a. 12 
n.a. 13 
n.a. 14 
HM + CV OQ h3 > 
n> ~^ 6 
oo a 
w -c-m ~-~ 
o 1 
Japan 
Kazakhstan 
Korea, Rep. 
of 2 
DRAMs 
Unalloyed, 
unwrought zinc 
Colour 
television 
receivers 
Video cassette 
recorders and 
key components 
thereof 
Colour 
television 
receivers (R) 
Hydraulic 
excavators 
weighing more 
than 6 tonnes 
DRAMs 
PET video film 3 
09.06.95 
25.11.92 
25.04.95 
26.4.95 
12.05.95 
14.06.95 4 
01.10.94 
(0%-18.8%) 5 
15.10.92 
01.04.95 
(0%-17.9%) 
18.03.93 6 7 8 9 10 
9.6.95 
(duties 
tempor­
arily sus­
pended) 
9.6.95 
(duties 
tempor­
arily sus­
pended) 11 
4.8 million 
units 
(a.c.a.) 
(1.7.91-
30.6.92) 12 
19.6% 
(a.c.a.) 
(1.7.91-
30.6.92) 13 
n.a. 14 
CV 
£5 0Q 
UlWN 
oo S3 
m o 1 
Macao 
Malaysia 
Mexico 
Philippines 
Poland 2 
3.5 Microdisks 
Colour 
television 
receivers 
Polyester yarn 
Certain watch 
movements 
Gas-fuelled, 
non-refillable 
pocket flint 
lighters 
Gas-fuelled, 
non-refillable 
pocket flint 
lighters 
Urea 
ammonium 
nitrate solution 
Unalloyed, 
unwrought zinc 3 
06.04.95 
25.11.92 
19.04.95 
06.07.93 
18.03.95 
18.03.95 
05.05.93 
09.06.95 4 
01.10.94 
(Dumping: 
12.4%-33.5%; 
ROD: 7.5%-
23.4%) 
11.05.94 
(36.2%) 
01.07.94 (e.i.f.) 
(Dumping 
margin: 33.8%-
40.0%; ROD: 
difference (if 
any) between 
ECU 89 per 
tonne of product 
and CIF price 
plus import duty 
OR. in certain 
cases, specific 
duty of ECU 19-
22 per tonne of 
product) 5 
01.04.95 
(Dumping: 
2.3%-25.1%; 
ROD: 2.3%-
23.4%) 
01.01.95 
(e.i.f.) 
(Dumping 
margin: 27%-
40%, ROD: 
difference (if 
any) between 
ECU 89 per 
tonne of 
product and 
CIF price plus 
import duty 
OR. in certain 
cases, specific 
duty of ECU 
19-22 per tonne 
of product) 6 7 8 9 
1.6.95 10 11 
4.8 million 
•units 
(a.c.a.) 
(1.7.91-
30.6.92) 
750,000 t 
(a.c.a.) 
(1.4.92-
31.3.93) 12 
19.6% 
(a.c.a.) 
(1.7.91-
30.6.92) 
20% 
(1.4.92-
31.3.93) 13 
n.a. 
n.a. 14 
CV + TM 
(Thailand) 
CV *T3 > Ci 
P> 6 -«. 
09 i-d £> 
» ^. 6 
<T> OJ —. 
œ Z m *-M «v. O W M n 1 
Russian 
Federation 
Singapore 
Slovak 
Republic 
Thailand 2 
Urea (R) 
Artificial 
corundum 
Unalloyed, 
unwrought zinc 
Colour 
television 
receivers 
Video cassette 
recorders 
Urea(R) 
Certain 
footwear 
(leather uppers) 
Gas-fuelled, 
non-refillable 
pocket flint 
lighters (R) 
3.5" Microdisks 3 
27.03.93 
Undertaking 
withdrawn 
by exporter 
09.06.95 
25.11.92 
25.04.95 
27.03.93 
22.02.95 
18.03.95 
06.04.95 4 
01.10.94 
(Dumping: 0%-
24.6%; ROD: 
0%-23.6%) 5 
04.03.95 
(Dumping 
margin: 
28.2%,; ROD: 
difference (if 
any) between 
actual CIF 
import price, 
free-at-
Community 
frontier and a 
minimum price 
of ECU 115 
per tonne) 
01.04.95 
(9.8%) (I) 6 7 
4.3.95 8 
4.3.95 9 10 11 
117,706 
tonnes 
(1.1.92-
31.12.92) 
4.8 million 
units 
(a.c.a.) 
(1.7.91-
30.6.92) 12 
2.6% 
(1.1.92-
31.12.92) 
19.6% 
(a.c.a.) 
(1.7.91-
30.6.92) 13 
n.a. 
n.a. 14 
CV (Slovak 
Republic) 
HM + CV 
0Q 
re 
^4 5£ 
£S h- ^ 
w *-. OO 5S 
M *~ 
M "»» 
o m M 
n , 
Thailand 
Turkey 
Ukraine 
United Sûtes 
Uzbekistan 2 
Furfuryl 
alcohol 
Sacks A bags 
made of 
polyethylene or 
polypropylene 
Colour 
television 
receivers 
Certain watch 
movements 
Colour 
television 
receivers 
Unalloyed, 
unwrought zinc 
Disodium 
carbonate 
Unalloyed, 
unwrought zinc 3 
19.04.95 
13.4.95 
25.11.92 
06.07.93 
25.11.92 
09.06.95 
06.08.93 
09.06.95 4 
01.10.94 
(Dumping: 
14.7%-33.6%; 
ROD: 3.1%-
29.8%) 
11.05.94(10.6%-
36.2%) 
13.04.95 
(Dumping 
margin: 0.1%-
14.3%; ROD: 
5.4%-14-3%) 5 
01.04.95 
(Dumping: 
l4.7%-33.6%; 
ROD: 3.0%-
29.8%) 6 7 
1.4.95 8 9 
1.6.95 10 11 
4.8 million 
units 
(a.c.a.) 
(1.7.91-
30.6.92) 
235,000 t 
(1.1.93-
30.6.93) 12 
19.6% 
(a.c.a.) 
1.7.91-
30.6.92) 
8.3% 
(1.1.93-
30.6.93) 13 
n.a. 
n.a. 14 
HM + CV 
HM + CV hd > O 0) b ~-
0Q hd > 
n> *•«. 6 
oo u^ 
OO 21 
M •> M --. O W W O Basis for determination codes: 
HM - home market price 
TM - third country market price (specify country) 
CV - constructed value 
Other codes: 
(ROD) - Rate of duty, if different to dumping margin 
(R) - Initiation as part of a review procedure 
(CL) - Confidential 
(a.c.a.) - All countries aggregated 
(QU) - Quantitative undertaking Not available 
Partial review 
Imposition of definitive duties in lieu of price undertakings 
Unless otherwise specified, dates given refer to date of publication 
in Official Journal of EC. Measures normally take effect on day following 
their publication. All measures taken under provisions of GATT Agreement. 
Date of entry into force 
Price undertaking 
*n > a m 6 > 
00 T) !> 
h- US (CUV 00 Z 
*•» -^. 
M *• M ^» O W m o G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 10 
ANNEX 1 
Final Anti-Dumping Actions 
(January-June 1995) 
1. Definitive measures' 
Product 
Artificial corundum 
Ferro-silicon 
Furfuraldehyde 
Lighters (gas-fuelled, non-
refillable pocket flint 
lighters) 
Polyester yarns (man-
made fibres) 
Television receivers 
(colour) 
Tungsten ores and 
concentrates, tungstic 
oxide and acid, tungsten 
carbide and fused tungsten 
carbide 
Urea 1 Country or 
Customs 
Territory 
Russian 
Federation 
Brazil 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
Indonesia 
Russian 
Federation 
Ukraine 
Malaysia 
China, P.R. 
Korea, Rep. of 
Singapore 
Thailand 
China, P.R. 
Russian 
Federation Regulation/Decision 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 709/95 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 1171/95 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 95/95 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 1006/95 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 1168/95 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 710/95 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 610/95 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 477/95 Official Journal 
L73 J 
01.04.95 
p. 1 
L118 
25.05.95 
p. 7 
L 15 
21.01.95 
p. 11 
L 101 
04.05.95 
p. 38 
L 118 
25.05.95 
p. 1 
L73 
01.04.95 
p. 3 
L64 
22.03.95 
L49 
04.03.95 
'Provisions of GATT Code apply. G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 11 
2. Undertakings 
Product 
Nil Country or Customs 
Territory Regulation/Decision Official Journal 
3. Termination of measures2 
Product 
Television receivers 
(colour) 
Urea 
Urea 
Watch movements Country or Customs 
Territory 
Turkey 
Czech Republic 
Slovak Republic 
Malaysia 
Thailand Regulation/Decision 
Commission Decision 
(95/92/EC) 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 477/95 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 477/95 
Commission Decision 
(95/187/EC) Official Journal 
L73 
01.04.95 
p. 84 
L49 
04.03.95 
p. 1 
L49 
04.03.95 
p. 1 
L121 
01.06.95 
p. 76 
Provisions of GATT Code apply. G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 12 
ANNEX II 
Definitive Anti-Dumping Duties in Force on 30.6.95 
1. Alphabetical listing by product 
1 
Product 
Artificial corundum 
Artificial corundum 
Aspartame 
Audio tapes in 
cassettes 
Ball bearings 
(< 30 mm) 
Ball bearings 
(> 30 mm) 
Barium chloride 
Bicycles 
| Calcium metal Country or Customs 
Territory 
China, P.R. 
Russian Federation 
Russian Federation 
Ukraine 
Japan 
United States 
Japan 
Korea, Rep. of 
Japan 
Japan 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
Russian Federation Regulation/Decision 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 2556/94 
Council Regulation 
• (EEC) No. 2552/93 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 709/95 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2552/93 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 1391/91 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 1251/91 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2685/90 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2849/92 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 541/91 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2474/93 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 2257/94 Official Journal 
L270 
21.10.94 
p. 24 
L235 
18.09.93 
p. 1 
L73 
01.04.95 
p. 1 
L235 
18.09.93 
p. 1 
L 134 
29.05.91 
p. 1 
L 119 
14.05.91 
p. 35 
L256 
20.09.90 
p. 1 
L286 
01.10.92 
p. 2 
L60 
07.03.91 
p. 1 
L228 
09.09.93 
p. 1 
L270 
21.10.94 
p. 27 G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 13 
Product 
Car radios 
Cotton yarn 
Dihydrostreptomycin 
DRAMs3 
Electrolytic 
capacitors 
(aluminium) 
Electronic weighing 
scales Country or Customs 
Territory 
Korea, Rep. of 
Brazil 
Turkey 
Brazil 
Turkey 
Turkey 
China, P.R. 
Japan 
Japan 
Korea, Rep. of 
Japan 
Chinese Taipei 
Korea, Rep. of 
Japan 
Korea, Rep. of 
Singapore Regulation/Decision 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2306/92 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 738/92 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 3203/93 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 1828/94 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 3836/91 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2112/90 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2697/92 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 611/93 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 3482/92 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 1384/94 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 993/93 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2887/93 Official Journal 
L222 
07.08.92 
p. 8 
L82 
27.03.92 
p. 1 
L289 
24.11.93 
p. 1 
L 182 
27.07.94 
p. 3 
L362 
31.12.91 
p. 1 
L 193 
25.07.90 
p. 1 
L299 
15.10.92 
p. 4 
L66 
18.03.93 
p. 1 
L353 
03.12.92 
p.l 
L 152 
18.06.94 
p.l 
L 104 
29.04.93 | 
P-4 j 
L263 S 
22.10.93 
p.l S 
'Temporarily suspended by Commission Decision (95/197/EC), OJL 126, 09.06.95, p. 58. G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 14 
Product 
EPROMs 
Espadrilles 
Ethanolamine 
Ferroboron 
Ferrochrome 
(low-carbon) 
Ferro-silicon 
Fluorspar Country or Customs 
Territory 
Japan 
China, P.R. 
United States 
Japan 
Kazakhstan 
Russian Federation 
Ukraine 
Russian Federation 
Kazakhstan 
Ukraine 
Venezuela 
Egypt 
Poland 
China, P.R. 
South Africa 
Brazil 
Brazil 
China, P.R. Regulation/Decision 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 577/91 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 1812/91 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 229/94 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2036/90 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2717/93 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 3359/934 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 3642/92 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 621/94 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 3359/93 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 1171/95 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 486/94 Official Journal 
L65 
12.03.91 
p. 1 
L166 
28.06.91 
p. 1 
L28 
02.02.94 
P- 40 
L 187 || 
19.07.90 
P-l 
L246 1 
02.10.93 1 
P-l 
L302 
09.12.93 
P-l 
L369 
18.12.92 
P-l 
L77 
19.03.94 
p. 48 
L302 
09.12.93 
P-l 
L 118 
25.05.95 
p. 7 
L62 
05.03.94 
P-l 
4Measures against Iceland and Norway suspended by Council Regulation (EC) No. 5/94, OJL 3 
. 05.01.94, p. 1. G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 15 
Product 
Furazolidone 
Furfuraldehyde 
Isobutanol 
Lighters (gas-fuelled, 
non-refillable pocket 
flint lighters) 
Linear tungsten 
halogen lamps 
Magnesia 
(deadburned) 
Magnesium oxide 
(caustic magnesite) 
Microdisks 
Monosodium 
glutamate 
(glutamic acid) 
Outer rings of 
tapered roller 
bearings (cups) Country or Customs 
Territory 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
Russian Federation 
China, P.R. 
Japan 
Korea, Rep. of 
Thailand 
China, P.R. 
Japan 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
Chinese Taipei 
Japan 
Hong Kong 
Korea, Rep. of 
Chinese Taipei 
Indonesia 
Korea, Rep. of 
Thailand 
Japan Regulation/Decision 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 2674/94 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 95/95 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 721/94 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 3433/91 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 1006/95 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 117/91 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 3386/93 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 1473/93 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2861/93 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 2199/94 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2455/93 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 55/93 Official Journal 
L285 
04.11.94 
p. 1 
L 15 
21.01.95 
p. 11 
L87 
31.03.94 
p. 3 
L326 
28.11.91 
p. 1 
L 101 
04.05.95 
p. 38 
L 14 
19.01.91 
p. 1 
L306 
11.12.93 
p. 16 
L 145 
17.06.93 
p. 1 
L262 
21.10.93 
p. 4 
L236 
10.09.94 
P. 2 
L225 
04.09.93 
p. 1 
L9 
15.01.93 
p. 7 G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 16 
Product 
Oxalic acid 
Photo albums 
Pig iron (hematite) 
Plain paper 
photocopiers 
Polyester fibres 
(synthetic) 
Polyester yarns 
Polyolefin woven 
bags 
Potassium chloride 
Potassium 
permanganate 
Seamless steel tubes Country or Customs 
Territory 
China, P.R. 
India 
China, P.R. 
Brazil 
Poland 
Russian Federation 
Ukraine 
Japan 
Chinese Taipei 
Turkey 
China, P.R. 
Chinese Taipei 
Indonesia 
Turkey 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
Belarus 
Russian Federation 
Ukraine 
China, P.R. 
Croatia 
Hungary 
Poland Regulation/Decision 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 3434/91 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 3664/93 
Commission Decision 
(EC) 
N0.1751/94/ECSC 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 535/87 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 3905/88 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 830/92 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 3308/90 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2346/93 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 643/94 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 2819/94 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 1189/93 Official Journal 
L 326 
28.11.91 
p. 6 
L333 
31.12.93 
p. 67 
L 182 
16.07.94 
p. 37 
L54 
24.02.87 
p. 12 
L347 
16.12.88 
p. 10 
L88 
03.04.92 
p. 1 
L318 
17.11.90 
p. 2 
L215 
25.08.93 
p. 1 
L80 
24.03.94 
p. 1 
L298 
19.11.94 
p. 32 
L 120 
15.05.93 
p. 34 J G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 17 
Product 
Semi-finished 
products of alloy 
steel 
Sheets and plates of 
iron or steel 
Silicon carbide 
Silicon metal 
Synthetic textile 
fibres of polyester 
Television receivers 
(small-screen, 
colour) 
Television receivers 
(colour) Country or Customs 
Territory 
Brazil 
Turkey 
Macedonia, FYR 
Montenegro 
Serbia 
Slovenia 
China, P.R. 
Poland 
Russian Federation 
Ukraine 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
Brazil 
Chinese Taipei 
Macedonia, FYR 
Romania 
Serbia 
Turkey 
India 
Korea, Rep. of 
Korea, Rep. of 
China, P.R. 
Hong Kong 
China, P.R. 
Korea, Rep. of 
Malaysia 
Singapore 
Thailand Regulation/Decision 
Commission Decision 
(1775/92/ECSC) 
Commission Decision 
(2297/92/ECSC) 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 821/94 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2200/90 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 1607/92 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2305/92 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 3017/92 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 54/93 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 1048/90 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2093/91 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 710/95 Official Journal 
L182 
02.07.92 
p. 23 
L221 
02.07.92 
p. 36 
L94 
13.04.94 
p. 21 
L 198 
28.07.90 
p. 57 
L 170 
25.06.92 
p. 1 
L222 
07.08.92 
p. 1 
L306 
22.10.92 
p. 1 
L9 
15.01.93 
p. 2 
L107 
27.04.90 
p. 56 
L 195 
18.07.91 
p. 1 
L73 
01.04.95 
p. 3 G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 18 
Product 
Television camera 
systems 
Thermal paper 
Tungsten carbide and 
fused tungsten 
carbide 
Tungsten ores and 
concentrates 
Tungstic oxide and 
acid 
Typewriter ribbons 
(silk) 
Urea 
Urea ammonium 
nitrate Country or Customs 
Territory 
Japan 
Japan 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
China, P.R. 
Venezuela 
Russian Federation 
Bulgaria 
Poland Regulation/Decision 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 1015/94 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 729/92 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2737/90 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 710/95 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2735/90 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 610/95 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2736/90 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 610/95 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 3200/90 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2835/91 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 477/95 
Council Regulation 
(EC) No. 3319/94 Official Journal 
L 111 
30.04.94 
p. 106 
L81 
26.03.92 
p. 1 
L264 
27.09.90 
p. 7 
L64 
22.03.95 
p. 1 
L264 
27.09.90 
p. 1 
L64 
22.03.95 
p. 1 
L264 
27.09.90 
p. 4 
L64 
22.03.95 
p. 1 
L306 
06.11.90 
p. 21 
L272 
28.09.91 
p. 10 
L49 
04.03.95 
p. 1 
L350 
31.12.94 
p. 20 I G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 19 
Product 
Video tape in 
cassettes 
Welded tubes of iron 
or steel Country or Customs 
Territory 
Hong Kong 
Korea, Rep. of 
China, P.R. 
Romania 
Turkey 
Venezuela Regulation/Decision 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) 1768/89 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 3091/91 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 868/90 
Council Regulation 
(EEC) No. 898/91 Official Journal 
L174 
22.06.89 
p. 1 
L293 
24.10.91 
p. 2 
L91 
06.04.90 
p. 8 
L91 
12.04.91 
p. 1 
2. Listing by country5 
Country or Customs Territory 
Belarus 
Brazil Product 
Potassium chloride 
Cotton yarn 
Ferro-silicon ' 
Pig iron (hematite) 
Semi-finished products of alloy steel 
I 
5For details of Regulations, Official Journals, etc, see Annex II. 1. G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 20 
Country or Customs Territory 
China, P.R. 
Chinese Taipei 
Croatia 
Egypt 
Hong Kong 
Hungary 
India 
Indonesia Product 
Artificial corundum 
Barium chloride 
Bicycles 
Calcium metal 
Dihydrostreptomycin 
Espadrilles 
Ferro-silicon j 
Fluorspar 
Furazolidone 
Furfuraldehyde 
Lighters (gas-fuelled) 
Magnesia (deadburned) 
Magnesium oxide (caustic magnesite) 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Oxalic acid 
Photo albums 
Polyester yarns 
Polyolefin woven bags 
Potassium permanganate 
Silicon carbide 
Silicon metal 
Television receivers (small-screen, colour) 
Television receivers (colour) 
Tungsten carbide and fused tungsten carbide 
Tungsten ores and concentrates 
Tungstic oxide and acid 
Typewriter ribbons (silk) 
Video tape in cassettes 
Electrolytic capacitors (aluminium) 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Monosodium glutamate 
Polyester fibres (synthetic) 
Polyester yarns 
Synthetic textile fibres of polyester 
Seamless steel tubes 
Ferro-silicon 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Television receivers (small-screen, colour) 
Video tape in cassettes 
Seamless steel tubes 
Oxalic acid 
Synthetic textile fibres of polyester 
Monosodium glutamate 
Polyester yarns G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 21 
Country or Customs Territory 
Japan 
Kazakhstan 
Korea, Rep. of 
Macedonia, FYR 
Malaysia 
Montenegro 
Poland Product 
Aspartame 
Audio tapes in cassettes 
Ball bearings ( < 30 mm) 
Ball bearings ( > 30 mm) 
DRAMs6 
Electrolytic capacitors (aluminium) 
Electronic weighing scales 
EPROMs 
Ferroboron 
Lighters (gas-fuelled) 
Linear tungsten halogen lamps 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Outer rings of tapered roller bearings (cups) 
Plain paper photocopiers 
Television camera systems 
Thermal paper 
Ferrochrome (low carbon) 
Ferro-silicon 
Audio tapes in cassettes 
Car radios 
DRAMs7 
Electrolytic capacitors (aluminium) 
Electronic weighing scales 
Lighters (disposable) 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Monosodium glutamate 
Synthetic textile fibres of polyester 
Television receivers (small-screen, colour) 
Television receivers (colour) 
Video tape in cassettes 
Sheets and plates of iron or steel 
Synthetic textile fibres of polyester 
Television receivers (colour) 
Sheets and plates of iron or steel 
Synthetic textile fibres of polyester | 
Ferro-silicon 
Pig iron (hematite) 
Seamless steel tubes 
Silicon carbide | 
'Temporarily suspended by Commission Decision (95/197/EC), OJL 126, 09.06.95, p. 58. 
'Temporarily suspended by Commission Decision (95/197/EC), OJL 126, 09.06.95, p. 58. G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 22 
Country or Customs Territory 
Romania 
Russian Federation 
Serbia 
Singapore 
Slovenia 
South Africa 
Thailand 
Turkey 
Ukraine 
United States 
Venezuela Product 
Synthetic textile fibres of polyester 
Welded tubes of iron or steel 
Artificial corundum 
Calcium metal 
Ferrochrome (low-carbon) 
Ferro-silicon 
Isobutanol 
Pig iron (hematite) 
Potassium chloride 
Silicon carbide 
Sheets and plates of iron or steel 
Synthetic textile fibres of polyester 
Electronic weighing scales 
Television receivers (colour) 
Sheets and plates of iron or steel 
Ferro-silicon 
Lighters (gas-fuelled) 
Monosodium glutamate 
Television receivers (colour) 
Cotton yarn 
Polyester fibres (synthetic) 
Polyester yarns 
Semi-finished products of alloy steel 
Synthetic textile fibres of polyester 
Welded tubes of iron or steel 
Artificial corundum 
Ferrochrome (low-carbon) 
Ferro-silicon 
Pig iron (hematite) 
Potassium chloride 
Silicon carbide 
Aspartame 
Ethanolamine 
Ferro-silicon 
Urea 
Welded tubes of iron or steel G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 23 
ANNEX ni 
Anti-Dumping Undertakings in Force on 30.6.95 
1. Alphabetical listing bv product 
Product 
Ammonium nitrate 
Artificial corundum 
Asbestos cement 
pipes 
DRAMs8 
EPROMs 
Ferro-silicon Country or Customs 
Territory 
Russian Federation 
Lithuania 
Brazil 
Czechoslovakia 
Hungary 
Poland 
Yugoslavia 
Turkey 
Japan 
Japan 
Korea, Rep. of 
Japan 
Japan 
Egypt 
Poland Regulation/Decision 
Commission Decision 
(94/293/EC) 
Commission Decision 
(91/512/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(91/392/EEC) 
Commission Regulation 
(EEC) No. 165/90 
Commission Decision 
(92/494/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(93/157/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(91/131/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(93/538/93) 
Commission Decision 
(92/331/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(92/572/EEC) Official Journal 
L129 
21.05.94 
p. 24 
L275 
02.10.91 
p. 27 
L209 
31.07.91 
p. 37 
L20 
25.01.90 
p. 5 
L299 
15.10.92 
p. 43 ' 
L66 
18.03.93 
p. 37 
L65 
12.03.91 
p. 42 
L262 
21.10.93 
p. 64 
L183 
03.07.92 
p. 40 
L369 
18.12.92 
P- 32 1 
'Temporarily suspended by Commission Decision (95/197/EC), OJL 126, 09.06.95, p.58. G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 24 
Product 
Lighters (gas-fuelled 
non-refillable pocket 
flint lighters) 
Monosodium 
glutamate 
(glutamic acid) 
Oxalic acid 
Plain paper 
photocopiers 
Seamless steel tubes 
Semi finished 
products of alloy 
steel 
Sisal twine (binder 
and baler) 
Thermal paper 
Typewriter ribbons 
(silk) Country or Customs 
Territory 
Thailand 
Chinese Taipei 
Indonesia 
Korea, Rep. of 
Thailand 
Brazil 
Japan 
Japan 
Japan 
Japan 
Japan 
Croatia 
Hungary 
Poland 
Brazil 
Turkey 
Brazil 
Japan 
China, P.R. Regulation/Decision 
Commission Decision 
(91/604/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(93/497/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(90/378/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(87/135/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(88/519/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(88/638/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(89/116/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(89/309/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(93/260/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(1175/92/ECSC) 
Commission Decision 
(93/521/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(92/177/EEC) 
Commission Regulation 
(EEC) No. 1937/90 Official Journal 
L326 
28.11.91 
p. 31 
L225 
04.09.93 
p. 35 
L 184 
17.07.90 
p. 16 
L54 
24.02.87 
p. 56 
L284 
19.10.88 
p. 60 
L355 
23.12.88 
p. 66 
L43 
15.02.89 
p. 54 
L 126 
09.05.89 
p. 38 
L 120 
15.05.93 
p. 42 
L182 
02.07.92 
p. 23 
L251 
08.10.93 
p. 28 
L81 
26.03.92 
p. 22 
L 174 
04.07.90 
p. 27 G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 25 
Product 
Urea ammonium 
nitrate 
Video tape in 
cassettes 
Welded tubes of iron 
or steel 
Welded wire mesh Country or Customs 
Territory 
Bulgaria 
Poland 
Hong Kong 
Romania 
Yugoslavia Regulation/Decision 
Commission Decision 
(94/825/EC) 
Commission Decision 
(89/376/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(90/166/EEC) 
Commission Decision 
(91/256/EEC) Official Journal 
L350 
31.12.94 
p. 115 
L174 
22.06.89 
p. 30 
L91 
06.04.90 
p. 36 
L123 
18.05.91 
p. 54 
2. Listing by country9 
Country or Customs Territory 
Brazil 
Bulgaria 
China, P.R. 
Chinese Taipei 
Croatia 
Czechoslovakia 
Egypt 
Hong Kong 
Hungary 
Indonesia Product 
Artificial corundum 
Oxalic acid 1 
Semi-finished products of alloy steel 
Sisal twine (binder and baler) 
Urea ammonium nitrate 
Typewriter ribbons (silk) 
Monosodium glutamate 
Seamless steel tubes 
Artificial corundum 
Ferro-silicon 
Video tape in cassettes 
Artificial corundum 
Seamless steel tubes 
Monosodium glutamate 
'For details of Regulations, Official Journals, etc, see Annex JJI.l. G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 26 
Country or Customs Territory 
Japan 
Korea, Rep. of 
Lithuania 
Poland 
Romania 
Russian Federation 
Thailand 
Turkey 
Yugoslavia Product 
DRAMs 
EPROMs 
Plain paper photocopiers 
Thermal paper 
DRAMs 
Monosodium glutamate 
Ammonium nitrate 
Artificial corundum 
Ferro-silicon 
Seamless steel tubes 
Urea ammonium nitrate 
Welded tubes of iron or steel 
Ammonium nitrate 
Lighters (gas-fuelled) 
Monosodium glutamate 
Asbestos cement pipes 
Semi-finished products of alloy steel 
Artificial corundum 
Welded wire mesh 
I G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 27 
ANNEX IV 
Provisional Anti-Dumping Duties in Force on 30.6.95 
1. Alphabetical listing bv product 
Product 
Disodium Carbonate 
(soda ash) Country or Customs 
Territory 
United States Regulation/Decision 
Commission Regulation 
(EC) No. 823/95 Official Journal 
L83 
13.04.95 
p. 8 
Listing bv country 10 
Country 
United States Product 
Disodium carbonate 
(soda ash) Regulation/Decision 
Commission Regulation 
(EC) No. 823/95 Official Journal 
L83 
13.04.95 
p. 8 
10For details of Regulations, Official Journals, etc, see Annex IV. 1. G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 28 
ANNEX V 
Anti-Dumping Investigations Not Yet Concluded by 30.6.95 
1. Alphabetical listing by product 
Product 
Advertising matches 
Ammonium nitrate 
Ammonium nitrate 
Aspartame 
Ball bearings 
(>30mm) 
Ball bearings 
(<30mm) 
Bed linen 
Bicycles 
Cement (Portland) 
Cement (Portland) 
Chamottes (fireclay) 
Compact disc players 
Cotton fabric 
Coumarin Country or Customs 
Territory 
Japan 
Lithuaina 
Russian Federation 
Lithuania 
Russian Federation 
United States 
Japan 
Japan 
India 
Pakistan 
Thailand 
Turkey 
Indonesia 
Malaysia 
Thailand 
Czech Republic 
Poland 
Slovak Republic 
Romania 
Tunisia 
Turkey 
China, P.R. 
Japan 
Korea, Rep. of 
China, P.R. 
India 
Indonesia 
Pakistan 
Turkey 
China, P.R. Type of investigation" 
AD 
AD12 
1413 
14 
14 
14 
AD 
AD 
AD (reg.) 
AD (reg.) 
AD 
14 
13.11 
AD 
AD Initiation 
04.08.94 
09.06.94 
06.12.94 
26.04.94 
23.03.95 
23.03.95 
25.01.94 
03.02.94 
28.04.94 
22.04.92 
15.04.93 
05.07.91 
20.01.94 
20.05.94 G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 29 
Product 
Electrical sheet 
(grain oriented) 
Electronic weighing 
scales 
Electronic weighing 
scales 
Excavators 
(hydraulic) 
Ferro-silico-
manganese 
Footwear 
(leather/plastic 
uppers) 
Footwear (textile 
uppers) 
Furfuryl alcohol 
Lighter components 
Lighters (gas-fuelled) 
Lighters (gas-fuelled) 
Magnesium 
(unwrought) 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Microwave ovens Country or Customs 
Territory 
Russian Federation 
Japan 
Singapore 
Korea, Rep. of 
Brazil 
Russian Federation 
Georgia 
South Africa 
Ukraine 
China, P.R. 
Indonesia 
Thailand 
China, P.R. 
Indonesia 
China, P.R. 
Thailand 
Japan 
Thailand 
Mexico 
Philippines 
Kazakhstan 
Russian Federation 
Ukraine 
Malaysia 
Mexico 
United States 
Canada 
Indonesia 
Macao 
Thailand 
China, P.R. 
Korea, Rep. of 
Malaysia 
Thailand Type of investigation" 
AD 
13.11 
13.11 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
14 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD Initiation 
20.05.94 
12.03.94 
11.05.94 
12.05.95 
04.08.93 
22.02.95 
22.02.95 
19.04.95 
01.08.91 
18.03.95 
18.03.95 
15.01.94 
02.09.94 
06.04.95 
18.12.93 G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 30 
Product 
Monosodium 
glutamate 
Outer rings of 
tapered roller 
bearings (cups) 
Persulphates 
PET films 
Photocopiers (plain 
paper) 
Pig iron (hematite) 
Polyester staple 
fibres 
Polyester yarn 
(POY/PTY) 
Polyester yarn (PTY) 
Polyester yarn (PTY) 
Powdered carbon 
(activated) 
Sacks & bags made 
of polyethylene or 
polypropylene 
Sodium carbonate 
Steel tubes (welded) 
Staple fibre fabric 
(synthetic) 
Tapered roller 
bearings 
Television receivers 
| (colour) Country or Customs 
Territory 
Chinese Taipei 
Indonesia 
Korea, Rep. of 
Thailand 
Japan 
China, P.R. 
Korea, Rep. of 
Japan 
Czech Republic 
Belarus 
Chinese Taipei 
Turkey 
India 
Indonesia 
Thailand 
Malaysia 
China, P.R. 
India 
Indonesia 
Thailand 
United States 
Romania 
Turkey 
Venezuela 
India 
Indonesia 
Pakistan 
Thailand 
Japan 
Korea, Rep. of Type of investigation11 
14 
14 
AD 
AD 
15 
AD 
AD 
15 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
AD 
14 
AD 
AD 
AD Initiation 
09.07.94 
21.10.94 
02.03.94 
14.06.95 
14.08.92 
21.05.94 
03.08.94 
16.06.94 
29.07.94 
19.04.95 
02.03.94 
13.04.95 
06.08.93 
22.12.93 
20.01.94 
02.07.94 
26.04.95 G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 31 
Product 
Tube or pipe fittings 
(butt welded) 
Typewriter ribbons 
(silk) 
VCRs 
VCR key 
components 
Video tape in 
cassettes 
Zinc (unalloyed, 
unwrought) Country or Customs 
Territory 
China, P.R. 
Chinese Taipei 
Croatia 
Slovak Republic 
Thailand 
China, P.R. 
Korea, Rep. of 
Singapore 
Korea, Rep. of 
Hong Kong 
Korea, Rep. of 
Kazakhstan 
Poland 
Russian Federation 
Ukraine 
Uzbekistan Type of investigation" 
AD 
14 
AD 
AD 
15 
AD Initiation 
03.02.94 
18.01.92 
25.04.95 
25.04.95 
17.09.94 
09.06.95 
"Legend: 
Type AD - new investigation 
Type 13.11 - review (initiated following allegations of absorption of dumping duties 
previously imposed) 
Type 14 - review (initiated at least six months before date on which measures 
should normally lapse) 
Type 15 - review (initiated less than six months before date on which measures 
normally lapse or initiated up to six months after date on which 
measures should normally lapse, in certain circumstances) 
Type AD (reg) - EC regional investigation 
Type newc - review following request of "newcomer" exporter(s) 
12 - Community wide case. 
13 - Review of regional measures. G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 32 
2. Listing by country 
Country or Customs Territory 
Belarus 
Brazil 
China, P.R. 
Canada 
Chinese Taipei 
Croatia 
Czech Republic 
Georgia 
Hong Kong 
India 
Indonesia Product 
Polyester staple fibres 
Ferro-silico-manganese 
Chamottes (fireclay) 
Cotton fabric 
Coumarin 
Footwear (leather/plastic uppers) 
Footwear (textile uppers) 
Furfuryl alcohol 
Microwave ovens 
Persulphates 
Powdered carbon (activated) 
Tube or pipe fittings (butt welded) 
Typewriter ribbons (silk) 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Monosodium glutamate 
Polyester yarn (POY/PTY) 
Tube or pipe fittings (butt welded) 
Tube or pipe fittings (butt welded) 
Cement (Portland) 
Pig-iron (hematite) 
Ferro-silico manganese 
Video tape in cassettes 
Bed linen 
Cotton fabric 
Polyester yarn (PTY) 
Sacks & bags made of polyethylene or polypropylene) 
Staple fibre fabric (synthetic) 
Bicycles 
Cotton fabric 
Footwear (leather/plastic uppers) 
Footwear (textile uppers) 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Monosodium glutamate 
Polyester yarn (PTY) 
Sacks & bags made of polyethylene or polypropylene 
Staple fibre fabrics (synthetic) G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 33 
Country or Customs Territory 
Japan 
Kazakhstan 
Korea, Rep. of 
Lithuania 
Macao 
Malaysia 
Mexico 
Pakistan 
Philippines 
Poland 
Romania 
Russian Federation Product 
Advertising matches 
Ball bearings ( > 30mm) 
Ball bearings ( < 30mm) 
Compact disc players 
Electronic weighing scales 
Lighter components 
Outer rings of tapered roller bearings (cups) 
Plain paper photocopiers 
Tapered roller bearings 
Magnesium (unwrought) 
Zinc (unalloyed, unwrought) 
Compact disc players 
Excavators (hydraulic) 
Microwave ovens 
Monosodium glutamate 
PET films 
Television receivers (colour) 
VCRs and key components 
Video tape in cassettes 
Ammonium nitrate 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Bicycles 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Microwave ovens 
Polyester yarn (PTY) 
Lighters (gas-fuelled) 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Bed linen 
Cotton fabric 
Staple fibre fabric (synthetic) 
Lighters (gas-fuelled) 
Cement (Portland) 
Zinc (unalloyed, unwrought) 
Cement (Portland) 
Steel tubes (welded) 
Ammonium nitrate 
Electrical sheet (grain oriented) 
Ferro-silico manganese 
Magnesium (unwrought) 
Zinc (unalloyed, unwrought) G/ADP/N/4/EEC 
ADP/138/EEC 
Page 34 
Country or Customs Territory 
Singapore 
Slovak Republic 
South Africa 
Thailand 
Tunisia 
Turkey 
Ukraine 
United States 
Uzbekistan 
Venezuela Product 
Electronic weighing scales 
VCRs 
Cement (Portland) 
Tube or pipe fittings (butt welded) 
Ferro-silico manganese 
Bed linen 
Bicycles 
Footwear (leather/plastic uppers) 
Furfuryl alcohol 
Lighters (gas-fuelled) 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Microwave ovens 
Monosodium glutamate 
Polyester yarn (PTY) 
Sacks & bags made of polyethylene or polypropylene 
Staple fibre fabric (synthetic) 
Tube or pipe fittings (butt welded) 
Cement (Portland) 
Bed linen 
Cement (Portland) 
Cotton fabric 
Polyester yarn (POY/PTY) 
Steel tubes (welded) 
Ferro-silico manganese 
Magnesium (unwrought) 
Zinc (unalloyed, unwrought) 
Aspartame 
Microdisks (3.5") 
Sodium carbonate 
Zinc (unalloyed, unwrought) 
Steel tubes (welded) 