WORL D TRAD E
ORGANIZA TIONTN/S/ O/EE C
10 June 2003
(03-2977)
Trade in Service s Original: English
COMMUNICATIONFROMTHEEUROPEANCOMMUNITIES
ANDITS MEMBERSTATES
ConditionalInitialOffer
Thefollowingconditional offerhasbeenreceivedfromthedelegationoftheEuropean
CommunitiesanditsMemberStateswith therequestthatitbecirculatedtoMembersoftheCouncilfor
TradeinServices.
_______________
General remarks
At the WTO Ministerial Confere nce in Doha in November 2001, Ministe rs agreed that initial
offers by Members for improved specific commitments should be submitted by 31 M arch 2003 .
In line with this decision, and committed to the objectives and principles stated in the GATS,
in particular Article IV and XIX GATS, as well as the negotiating guidelines agreed by the Council
for Trade in Service s on 29 March 2001, and having given careful consideration to requests submitted
by WTO Member s, in particular Developing Countries, the EC hereby submits its offer in the
framewo rk of the ongoing services negotiations under theGene ral Agre ement on Trade in Services
(GATS) and in the context of the Doh a Development Agen da (DDA).
This offer is conditional on other WTO Membe rs making substantive offers in sectors where
the EU has made requests. The EC reserves theright to modify, extend or, reduce this offerin whole
or in part at any time. The EC’s readine ss to confirm this offer will depend on its overall asses sment
of the ac ceptability of the outcome of these n egotiations.
The offercovers horizontal commitments, MFN exemptions, and specific commitments in
individual service sectors. This offeris based on the consolidated scheduled of the EU-15 as
communicated to the Council for T rade in Service s by the EC o n 22 Ap ril 2003 (S/DCS/W/EEC).
In this offer, the individual sectors and sub-sector s are identified in accordance with the
classification list in Document MTN.GNS/W/120 or other internationally recognised classification
(e.g. Finan cial Service s Annex ) andcorresponding CPC numbe r wherever possible. Forcomputer
service s, the EC attache d to its Schedule o f commitments its proposed “Un derstanding on the scop e of
cover age of compute r and related services – CPC 84”, which clarifies – but does not modify – which
activit ies are covered by CPC 84. The EC would like to recall the classification orlist of activities
propos ed in its negotiating propos als with regar d to postal and courie r, andenviro nmental servic es.
Although discussions onclassific ation in these secto rs are still ongoing and without wishing to
prejudice the outcome of these discu ssions, theEC has in order to clarify thescope of its propo sed
commitments presented its offer in these sectors in accordance with the appro ach set out in these
propos als.
TN/S/O /EEC
Page 2
This offer cannot be constru ed as offering in any way theprivatisation of public undertakings
nor as preventing the Community and its Member States from regulating public service s in order to
meet national policy objectives.
The EC remains available to provide any clarification and answe r any question on this
conditional offer. Questions can be addressed to the European Commission via the EC GATS contact
point (mailbox addres s: TRADE-GATS-CONTACT-POINTS@cec.eu.int), via the Deleg ation of the
Europe an Commission in Geneva, or directly to the Europe an Commission (Director ate-Gen eral
Trade, Unit D2 (Trade in servic es, including e-commerc e),Brussels, B-10 49, Belgium, fax32-2-299
24 35).
_________ ______TN/S/O /EEC
Page 3
INTRODUCTORYNOTE
1. ThespecificcommitmentsinthisscheduleapplyonlytotheterritoriesinwhichtheTreaties
establishingtheEuropeanCommunities(EC)areappliedandundertheconditionslaiddowninthese
Treaties.Thesecommitments applyonlytotherelationsbetweentheCommunitiesandtheirMember
Statesontheonehand,andnon-Communitycountriesontheother.Theydonot affecttherightsand
obligationsofMemberStatesarising fromCommunitylaw.
2. ThefollowingabbreviationsareusedtoindicatetheMemberStates:
A Austria
B Belgium
I Italy
D Germany
IRL Ireland
DK Denmark
L Luxembourg
E Spain
NL TheNetherlands
F France
FIN Finland
P Portugal
GR Greece
S Sweden
UK UnitedKingdom
3. TherightsandobligationsarisingfromtheGATS,includingthescheduleofcommitments,shall
havenoself-executingeffectandthusconfernorightsdirectlytoindividual naturalpersonsorjuridical
persons.
4. AglossaryoftermsusedbyindividualMemberStatesisattachedtothisschedule.Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
I. HORIZONTALCOMMITMENTS
ALLSECTORS INCLUDED
INTHISSCHEDULE
3) InallECMemberStatesservices
consideredaspublicutilitiesatanational
orlocallevelmaybesubjecttopublic
monopoliesortoexclusiverightsgranted
toprivateoperators1.3)a)Treatmentaccordedtosubsidiaries(ofthird
countrycompanies)formedinaccordance
withthelawofaMemberStateandhaving
theirregisteredoffice,centraladministration
orprincipalplaceofbusinesswithinthe
Communitiesisnotextendedtobranchesor
agenciesestablishedinaMemberStatebya
third-countrycompany.However,thisdoes
notpreventaMemberStatefromextending
thistreatmenttobranchesoragencies
establishedinanotherMemberStatebya
third-countrycompanyorfirm,asregards
theiroperationinthefirstMemberState's
territory,unlesssuchextensionisexplicitly
prohibitedbyCommunitylaw.2
b)Treatmentlessfavourablemaybeaccorded
tosubsidiaries(ofthird-countrycompanies)
formedinaccordancewiththelawofa
MemberStatewhichhaveonlytheir
registeredofficeintheterritoryofthe
Communities,unlessitcanbeshownthat
theypossessaneffectiveandcontinuous
linkwiththeeconomyofoneofthe
MemberStates.3
1ExplanatoryNote:Publicutilitiesexistinsectorssuchasrelatedscientificandtechnicalconsultingservices,R&Dservicesonsocialsciencesandhumanities,technicaltestingandanalysis
services,environmentalservices,healthservices,transportservicesandservicesauxiliarytoallmodesoftransport.Exclusiverightsonsuchservicesareoftengrantedtoprivateoperators,for
instanceoperatorswithconcessionsfrompublicauthorities,subjecttospecificserviceobligations.Giventhatpublicutilitiesoftenalsoexistatthesub-centrallevel,detailedandexhaustivesector-
specificschedulingisnotpractical.2With regard t o Austr ia it ap plies also to mo des 1 a nd 4.3With regard t o Austr ia it ap plies also to mo des 1 a nd 4
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
FormationofLegalEntity
3)S:Alimitedliabilitycompany(jointstock
company)maybeestablishedbyoneor
severalfounders.Afoundingpartyshall
eitherresideinSwedenorbeaSwedish
legalentity.Apartnershipcanonlybea
foundingpartyifeachpartnerresidesin
Sweden4.Correspondingconditionsprevail
forestablishmentofallothertypesoflegal
entities.
S:Themanagingdirectorandatleast50per
centofthemembersoftheboardshall
resideinSweden5.
LawonForeignCompanies'Branches
3)S:Aforeigncompany(whichhasnot
establishedalegalentityinSweden)shall
conductitscommercialoperationsthrough
abranch,establishedinSwedenwith
independentmanagementandseparate
accounts.
S:Buildingprojectswithadurationofless
thanayearareexemptedfromthe
requirementsofestablishingabranchor
appointingaresidentrepresentative.LawonForeignCompanies'Branches
3)S:Themanagingdirectorofabranchshall
resideinSweden6.
S:ForeignorSwedishcitizensnotresidingin
Sweden,whowishestoconductcommercial
operationsinSweden,shallappointand
registerwiththelocalauthorityaresident
representativeresponsibleforsuch
activities.
4Excepti ons fr om these req uirements may be granted, if itcan be proved t hat residenc y is notnecessary.5Excepti ons fr om these req uirements may be granted, if itcan be proved t hat residenc y is notnecessary.6Exceptionsfromtheserequirementsmaybegranted,ifitcanbeprovedthatresidencyisnotnecessary.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
LegalEntities
3)FIN:Acquisitionofsharesbyforeignowners
givingmorethanonethirdofthevoting
rightsofamajorFinnishcompanyora
majorbusinessundertaking(withmore
than1000employeesorwithaturnover
exceeding1000millionFinnishmarkka
168millionEurosorwithabalancesheet
totalexceeding1000millionFinnish
markka168millionEuros)issubjectto
confirmationbytheFinnishauthorities;
theconfirmationmaybedeniedonlyifan
importantnationalinterestwouldbe
jeopardized.
FIN:Atleasthalfoftheordinaryanddeputy
membersoftheBoardofDirectorshaveto
beECcitizensofFinlandandresidentin
theECFinland.TheManagingDirector
ofalimitedcompanyhastobeaFinnish
citizenandresidentintheECFinland.
Companyexemptionsmay,however,be
granted.LegalEntities
3)FIN:Aforeignercarryingonatradeasaprivate
entrepreneurorasapartnerinaFinnish
limitedorgeneralpartnershipneedsatrade
permitandhastobepermanentlyresidentin
theECFinland.Ifaforeignorganization
intendstocarryonabusinessortradeby
establishingabranchinFinland,atrade
permitisrequired.
FIN:Apermissiontoactasafounderofalimited
companyisrequiredofaforeign
organizationoraprivateperson,whoisnot
acitizenofFinland.
Realestatepurchases
DK:Limitationsonrealestatepurchaseby
non-residentphysicalandlegalentities.
Limitationsonagriculturalestate
purchasedbyforeignphysicalandlegal
entities.Realestatepurchases
A:Theacquisition,purchaseaswellasrentor
leaseofrealestatebyforeignnatural
personsandjuridicalpersonsrequiresan
authorizationbythecompetentregional
authorities(Länder)whichwillconsider
whetherimportanteconomic,socialor
culturalinterestsareaffectedornot.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
GR:AccordingtoLawNo.1892/90permission
fromtheMinisterofDefenseisneededfor
acitizentoacquirelandinareasnear
borders.Accordingtoadministrative
practicespermissioniseasilygrantedfor
directinvestmentD:Purchaseofrealestatebyforeignersinthe
LänderBerlin,Schleswig-Holsteinand
Saarlandmaybesubjecttoauthorization.
After1994itisverylikelythatonlyLand
Berlinwillcontinuetorequiresuch
authorization.
IRL:PriorwrittenconsentoftheLand
Commissionisnecessaryfortheacquisition
ofanyinterestinIrishlandbydomesticor
foreigncompaniesorforeignnationals.
Wheresuchlandisforindustrialuse(other
thanagriculturalindustry),thisrequirement
iswaivedsubjecttoacertificatetothis
effectfromtheMinisterforEnterpriseand
Employment.Thislawdoesnotapplyto
landwithintheboundariesofcitiesand
towns.
I:Unboundforpurchaseofrealestate.the
purchaseofrealestatebyforeignnatural
personsandjuridicalpersons subjecttoa
conditionofreciprocity.
FIN:Non-residentsneedapermittoacquireor
rentrealestateformorethantwoyears
intendedforleisure-timedwellingorfor
recreationalpurposes.
FIN(ÅlandIslands):
Restrictionsontherightfornaturalpersons
whodonotenjoyregionalcitizenshipin
Åland,andforlegalpersons,toacquireand
holdrealpropertyontheÅlandIslands
withoutpermissionbythecompetent
authoritiesoftheislands.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
FIN(ÅlandIslands):
Restrictionsontherightofestablishment
andtherighttoprovideservices bynatural
personswhodonotenjoyregional
citizenshipinÅland,orbyanylegalperson,
withoutpermissionbythecompetent
authoritiesoftheÅlandIslands.
S:Authorizationrequired,normallyfromlocal
authority,foracquisitionofsecondhomes
bynon-residentnaturalpersonsorforeign
legalentities.Ifforeignacquisitionsof
secondhomesleadtoincreasedrealestate
prices,authorizationsmaybedenied.
Investments
F:Foreignpurchasesexceeding33.33per
centofthesharesofcapitalorvoting
rightsinexistingFrenchenterprise,or20
percentinpubliclyquotedFrench
companies,aresubjecttothefollowing
regulations:
- investments7oflessthan50
millionFF7.6millionEurosin
Frenchenterpriseswitha
turnovernotexceeding500
millionFF76millionEurosare
free,afteradelayof15days
followingpriornotificationand
verificationthattheseamounts
aremet;3)A:Branchesofforeignjointstockcompanies
(Aktiengesellschaften)andlimitedliability
companies(Gesellschaftenmitbeschränkter
Haftung)arerequiredtoobtainan
authorizationoftheFederalMinistrywhich
iscompetentforthetypeofbusinessin
question;authorizationissubjecttothe
discretionofthecompetentauthority.
7This proced ure does not applyto investments in France in activities whic h are part of the exercise of official authority. The latter isto be underst ood in the sense of Article 55 of the
Treaty of R ome and t he jurispr udence co ncerned.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
- afteraperiodofonemonth
followingpriornotification,
authorizationistacitlygrantedfor
otherinvestmentsunlessthe
MinisterofEconomicAffairs
has,inexceptionalcircumstances,
exerciseditsrighttopostponethe
investment.
F:Foreignparticipationinnewlyprivatized
companiesmaybelimitedtoavariable
amount,determinedbythegovernmentof
Franceonacasebycasebasis,ofthe
equityofferedtothepublic.
E:InvestmentinSpainbyforeign
governmentandforeignpublicentities
(whichtendstoimply,besideseconomic,
alsonon-economicintereststoentity's
part),directlyorthroughcompaniesor
otherentitiescontrolleddirectlyor
indirectlybyforeigngovernments,need
priorauthorizationbythegovernment.
P:Authorization8isrequiredforinvestments
bynon-ECcompanies,whenexceeding20
percentofthecapitalofthecompanyor
whentheinvestmentsresultineffective
controlorinstrengtheningofthedecision
makingpower.Foreignparticipationin
newlyprivatizedcompaniesmaybe
limitedtoavariableamount,determined
bytheGovernmentofPortugalonacase
bycasebasis,oftheequityofferedtothe
public.
8An assessment of the investment is made in light of the effect on the economy of the country. The criteria taken into accou nt are among others: creation of new jobs; positi ve foreign
currency balance; i ntroductio n ofadvanced techn ology; reduced in dustr ial pollution; professio nal train ing for Portuguese workers; etc.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
I:Exclusiverightsmaybegrantedor
maintainedtonewly-privatizedcompanies.
Votingrightsinnewlyprivatized
companiesmayberestrictedinsome
cases.Foraperiodoffiveyears,the
acquisitionoflargeequitystakesof
companiesoperatinginthefieldsof
defence,transportservices,
telecommunicationsandenergymaybe
subjecttotheapprovaloftheMinistryof
Treasury.
F:Forestablishingincertain9commercial,
industrialorartisanalactivities,aspecific
authorizationisneededifthemanaging
directorisnotholderofapermanent
residencepermit.
Subsidies
3) AllMemberStates:Eligibilityforsubsidies
fromtheEuropeanCommunitiesor
MemberStatesmaybelimitedtojuridical
personsestablishedwithintheterritoryofa
MemberStateoraparticulargeographical
sub-divisionthereof.
AllMemberStates:Unboundforsubsidies
forresearchanddevelopment.
9Commercial, industrial or artisanal activ ities relate to sectors such as: other business services, constructi on,distribution and tourism services. It does notrelate to telecommu nications
and fi nancial services.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
AllMemberStates:thesupplyofaservice,
oritssubsidisation,withinthepublicsector
isnotinbreachofthiscommitment.
AllMemberStatesexceptAustria,Finland
andSweden:Unboundforbranches
establishedinaMemberStatebya
non-Communitycompany.
4) AllMemberStatesexceptAustria:tothe
extentthatanysubsidiesaremadeavailable
tonaturalpersons,theiravailabilitymaybe
limitedtonationalsofaMemberStateof
theCommunities.
A:Unbound
4)F:Themanagingdirectorofanindustrial,
commercialorartisanalactivity10,ifnot
holderofaresidencepermit,needsa
specificauthorization.
I:Accesstoindustrial,commercialand
artisanalactivitiesissubjecttoaresidence
permitandspecificauthorizationtopursue
theactivity.
4) ECdirectivesonmutualrecognitionof
diplomasdonotapplytonationalsofthird
countries.Recognitionofthediplomas
whicharerequiredinordertopractise
regulatedprofessionalservicesby
non-Communitynationalsremainswithin
thecompetenceofeachMemberState,
unlessCommunitylawprovidesotherwise.
Therighttopractisearegulatedprofessional
serviceinoneMemberStatedoesnotgrant
therighttopractiseinanotherMember
State.
10Commercial,industrialorartisanalactivitiesrelatetosectorssuchas:otherbusinessservices,construction,distributionandtourismservices.Itdoesnotrelatetotelecommunicationsand
financialservices.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
4) Unboundexceptformeasures
concerningtheentryintoand
temporarystay11withinaMemberState
ofthefollowingcategoriesofnatural
personsprovidingservices:
(i)Intra-corporatetransfers(ICT)
Unboundexceptformeasuresconcerning
theentryintoandtemporarystay12within
aMemberState,withoutrequiring
compliancewithaneconomicneedstest13
(exceptinFIN,wherecompliancewithan
economicneedtestisrequiredforpersons
possessinguncommonknowledgeand
maybeappliedinthecaseoftransfersof
partners),ofthefollowingcategoriesof
naturalpersonsprovidingservices:4) AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:Unbound
exceptformeasuresconcerningthe
categoriesofnaturalpersonsreferredtoin
theMarketAccesscolumnandsubjectto
thefollowinglimitations:
FIN:Noneforthecategoriesofferedunder
marketaccess.
thetemporarypresence,asintra-corporate
transferee14,ofnaturalpersonsinthe
followingcategories,providedthatthe
servicesupplierisajuridicalpersonand
thatthepersonsconcernedhavebeen
employedbyitorhavebeenpartnersinit
(otherthanasmajorityshareholders),for
atleasttheyearimmediatelypreceding
suchmovement:
11All otherrequirementsofCommunityandMemberStates'lawsandregulationsregardingentry,stay,workandsocialsecuritymeasuresshallcontinuetoapply,including
regulationsconcerningminimumwagesaswellascollectivewageagreements.InthecaseofA,commitmentsonmovementofpersonsdonotapplyincaseswheretheintentoreffectof
suchmovementistointerferewithorotherwiseaffecttheoutcome ofanylabour/managementdisputeornegotiation.12Thedurationof"temporarystay"isdefinedbytheMemberStatesand,wheretheyexist,Communitylawsandregulationsregardingentry,stayandwork.Theprecisedurationcanvary
accordingtothedifferentcategoriesofnaturalpersonsmentionedinthisschedule.WithregardtoSweden,temporaryentryandstayislimitedtoatwoyearperiodforcategory(i)(extensionsmaybe
granted).WithregardtoFinlandandSweden,temporaryentryandstayislimitedtothreemonthsforcategory(ii).13AllotherrequirementsofCommunityandMemberStates'lawsandregulationsregardingentry,stay,workandsocialsecuritymeasuresshallcontinuetoapply,includingregulations
concerningperiodofstay,minimumwagesaswellascollectivewageagreements.InthecaseofA,commitmentsonmovementofpersonsdonotapplyincaseswheretheintentoreffectofsuch
movementistointerferewithorotherwiseaffecttheoutcomeofanylabour/managementdisputeornegotiation.14An"intra-corporatetransferee"isdefinedasanaturalpersonworkingwithinajuridicalperson,otherthananon-profitmakingorganisation,establishedintheterritoryofaWTOmember,
andbeingtemporarilytransferredinthecontextoftheprovisionofaservicethroughcommercialpresenceintheterritoryofaCommunityMemberState;thejuridicalpersonsconcernedmusthave
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
Accessissubjecttothefollowing
conditions:
- thenaturalpersonconcernedmust
workwithinajuridicalpersonother
thananon-profitmakingorganisation,
establishedintheterritoryofaWTO
Memberandhavebeenemployedbyit
orhavebeenapartnerinit(otherthan
asamajorityshareholder)foratleast
theyearimmediatelyprecedingthe
dateofadmission.Residencyrequirements
A:Managingdirectorsofbranches andjuridical
personshavetoberesidentinAustria;
naturalpersonsresponsiblewithinajuridical
personorabranchfortheobservanceofthe
AustrianTradeActmustberesidentin
Austria.
- thenaturalpersonistransferredinthe
contextoftheprovisionofaservicein
theterritoryofaCommu nityMember
State.
- thetransfermustbetoanestablishment
(subsidiary,branch,office)orthe
principalplaceofbusinessofthe
aforementionedjuridicalperson.The
receivingentitymustbeconstitutedin
andeffectivelyprovidinglikeservicesin
theterritoryofaCommu nityMember
State.
- thenaturalpersonconcernedmust
belongtooneofthefollowing
categories:
a)Managers:Personsworkinginasenior
positionwithinajuridicalperson,who
primarilydirectthemanagementofthe
establishment, receiving general
supervisionordirectionprincipallyfrom
theboardofdirectorsorstockholdersof
thebusinessortheirequivalent,including:
theirprincipalplaceofbusinessintheterritoryofWTOMemberotherthantheCommunitiesandtheirMemberStatesandthetransfermustbetoanestablishment(office,branchorsubsidiary)ofthat
juridicalperson,effectivelyprovidinglikeservicesintheterritoryofaMemberStatetowhichtheEECTreatyapplies.InItaly"intra-corporatetransferee"isdefinedasanaturalpersonworking
withinajuridicalpersonconstitutedasaSPA(jointstockcompany)oraSRL(capitalstockcompanywithlimitedresponsibility).
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
- directingtheestablishmentora
departmentorsub-divisionofthe
establishment;
- supervisingandcontrollingtheworkof
othersupervisory,professionalor
managerialemployees;
- havingtheauthoritypersonallytohireand
fireorrecommendhiring,firingorother
personnelactions.
b) Specialists:Personsworkingwithina
juridicalpersonwhopossessuncommon
knowledgeessentialtotheestablishment's
service,researchequipment,techniquesor
management.Inassessingsuch
knowledge,accountwillbetakennotonly
ofknowledgespecifictothe
establishment,butalsoofwhetherthe
personhasahighlevelofqualification
referringtoatypeofworkortrade
requiringspecifictechnicalknowledge,
includingmembershipofanaccredited
profession.
c)Graduatetrainees:Personswitha
universitydegreewhoaretransferring
for career development purposes or to
obtain training in busi ness techniq ues
or methods15. Therecipientcompanyin
theECmayberequiredtosubmita
trainingprogrammecoveringthe
durationofthestayforpriorapproval,
demonstratingthatthepurposeofthe
stayisfortraining.
15For S pain, tra ining must be lin ked t o the u niversity degree which h as been obtained.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
Aneconomicneedstestwillnotbe
required.
Entryandstayislimitedtoamaximumof
threeyearsinthecaseof(a)and(b),andto
twelvemonthsinthecaseof(c).
(ii)BusinessVisitors(BV)
Entryandtemporarystayofthe
followingcategoriesispermitted
withoutapplicationofaneconomic
needstestforaperiodofupto90days
inanytwelvemonths:Unboundexcept
formeasuresconcerningtheentryintoand
temporarystay16withinaMemberState,
withoutrequiringcompliancewithan
economicneedstest17,ofthefollowing
categoriesofnaturalpersonsproviding
services:
16Thedurationof"temporarystay"isdefinedbytheMemberStatesand,wheretheyexist,Communitylawsandregulationsregardingentry,stayandwork.Theprecisedurationcanvary
accordingtothedifferentcategoriesofnaturalpersonsmentionedinthisschedule.17AllotherrequirementsofCommunityandMemberStates'lawsandregulationsregardingentry,stay,workandsocialsecuritymeasuresshallcontinuetoapply,includingregulations
concerningperiodofstay,minimumwagesaswellascollectivewageagreements.InthecaseofA,commitmentsonmovementofpersonsdonotapplyincaseswheretheintentoreffectofsuch
movementistointerferewithorotherwiseaffecttheoutcomeofanylabour/managementdisputeornegotiation.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
a)Personsnotresidingintheterritoryofa
MemberStatetowhichtheECtreaties
apply,whoarerepresentativesofaservice
supplierandareseekingtemporaryentry
forthepurposeofnegotiatingforthesale
ofservicesorenteringintoagreementsto
sellservicesforthatserviceprovider,
wherethoserepresentativeswill notbe
engagedinmakingdirectsalestothe
generalpublicorinsupplyingservices
themselves.Inaddition,forSonly,the
personconcernedmusthavebeen
employedbythatservicesuppliersforat
leastoneyearimmediatelyprecedingthe
dateoftheirapplicationforadmission.
b)AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:Persons
workinginaseniorposition,asdefinedin
(i)a)above,withinajuridicalperson,who
areresponsibleforthesettingup,ina
MemberState,ofacommercial presence
ofaserviceproviderofaMemberwhen:
- therepresentativesarenotengagedin
makingdirectsaleorsupplyingservices;
and
- theserviceproviderhasitsprincipalplace
ofbusinessintheterritoryofaWTO
MemberotherthantheCommunitiesand
theirMemberStatesandhasnoother
representative,office,branchorsubsidiary
inthatMemberState.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
- inaddition,forSonly,theperson
concernedmusthavebeenemployedby
thatservicesuppliersforatleastoneyear
immediatelyprecedingthedateoftheir
applicationforadmission.
FIN:Unboundforb)
(iii)Contractualservicesuppliers(CSS):
Unboundexceptformeasuresconcerning
theentryintoandtemporarystaywithina
MemberStateofthefollowingcategoryof
naturalpersonswithoutrequiring
compliancewithaneconomicneedstest
exceptwhereindicatedforaspecific
subsector.
(a)Employeesofjuridicalpersons(EJP):
Accessissubjecttothefollowing
conditions18:
-Thenaturalpersonsareengagedinthe
supplyofaserviceonatemporarybasisas
employeesofajuridicalperson,whohas
nocommercialpresenceinanyMember
StateoftheEuropeanCommunity.
18Theservicecontractshallcomplywiththelaws,regulationsandrequirementsoftheEuropeanCommunityandtheMemberStatewheretheservicecontractisexecuted.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
-Thejuridicalpersonhasobtainedaservice
contract,foraperiodnotexceeding312
monthsfromafinalconsumerinthe
MemberStateconcerned,throughanopen
tenderingprocedureoranyother
procedurewhichguaranteesthebonafide
characterofthecontract19(e.g.
advertisementoftheavailabilityofthe
contract)wherethisrequirementexistsor
isintroducedintheMemberStatepursuant
tothelaws,regulationsandrequirements
oftheEuropeanCommunityorits
MemberStates.
-Theservicecontractshallcomplywith
thelaws,regulationsandrequirements
oftheEuropeanCommu nitiesandthe
MemberStatewheretheservice
contractisperformed.
-Thenaturalpersonseekingaccessshould
beofferingsuchservicesasanemployee
ofthejuridicalpersonsupplyingthe
serviceforatleasttheyear(twoyearsin
thecaseofGR)immediatelypreceding
suchmovement.
19The competent auth orities in the Member State must be able to est ablish that the contr act hasbeen awarded tothat juridica l person in accordance with the requirements set
out in the pr ocedure in questi on.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
-Thetemporaryentryandstaywithinthe
MemberStateconcernedshallbefora
cumulativeperiodofnotmorethanthree
sixmonths(L:25weeks)inany12
monthsperiod(24monthsinthecaseof
NL)orforthedurationofthecontract,
whateverisless.
-Thenaturalpersonmustpossess the
necessaryacademicqualificationsand
professionalexperienceasspecifiedforthe
sectororactivityconcernedintheMember
Statewheretheserviceissupplied.The
naturalpersonmustpossess(a)a
universitydegreeoratechnical
qualificationdemonstratingknowledge
ofanequivalentlevel20,(b)professional
qualificationswherethisisrequiredto
exerciseanactivityinthesector
concernedpursuanttothelaws,
regulationsorrequirementsoftheEC
ortheMemberStatewheretheservice
issuppliedand,(c)atleastthreeyears
professionalexperienceinthesector.
-Thecommitmentrelatesonlytothe
serviceactivitywhichisthesubjectofthe
contract;itdoesnotconferentitlementto
exercisetheprofessionaltitleofthe
MemberStateconcerned.
-Thenumberofthepersonscoveredbythe
servicecontractshallnotbelargerthan
necessarytofulfilthecontract,asitmay
bedecidedbythelaws,regulationsand
requirementsoftheEuropeanCommunity
andtheMemberStatewheretheserviceis
supplied.
20Where the degree or qualific ation has been obtained in a third country, the EU Member State concerned may evaluate whether this is equivalent toa university degree
required in th at Member State.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
-Theservicecontracthastobeobtainedin
oneoftheactivitiesmentionedbelow,
subjecttoaspecificcommitmentbeing
undertakenbytheMemberState
concernedinthesectorspecificpartand
anytheadditionalconditionsmentionedin
thesubsectorbytheMemberState
concernedtherein:
-Legalservices
-Accountingandbookkeepingservices
-Taxationadvisoryservices(unboundfor
DK,E,F,FIN,GR,I,IRL,P)
-Architecturalservices,urbanplanningand
landscapearchitecturalservices
-Engineeringservices,integrated
engineeringservices
-Computerandrelatedservices
-Researchanddevelopmentservices
(unboundforA,B,D,DK,E,FIN,GR,I,
IRL,NL,P,S,UK)
-Advertising
-Managementconsultingservices
-Servicesrelatedtomanagementconsulting
-Technicaltestingandanalysisservices
-Relatedscientificandtechnical
consultingservices
-Maintenanceandrepairofequipment
-Translationservices
-Constructionservices,(unboundforA,B,
D,DK,E,FIN,GR,I,IRL,L,P,S,UK)
-Siteinvestigationwork(unboundforA,E,
FIN,GR,I,IRL,L,P)
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
-Highereducationservices(unboundforA,
B,D,DK,E,FIN,GR,I,IRL,NL,P,S,
UK)
-EnvironmentalServices
-Travelagenciesandtouroperatorservices
(unboundforE,F,GR,L,NL,P,UK)
-Entertainmentservices(unboundforB,D,
DK,E,FIN,GR,I,IRL,L,NL,p,S,UK)
-Servicesrelatedtothesaleofequipment
ortotheassignmentofapatent(unbound
forA,B,D,DK,E,FIN,GR,I,IRL,L,
NL,P,S,UK).
-Commitmentsare subjecttothe
applicationofanumericalceiling
[modalitiesofapplicationandleveltobe
determined],exceptwhereotherwise
indicatedforaspecificsub-sector.
NotapplicableinthecaseofDK,I,NL,
S,UK(otherthanforcomputerand
relatedservicesinthecaseoftheUK).
(b)IndependentProfessionals(IP)
Accessissubjecttothefollowing
conditions:
-Thenaturalpersonisengagedinthe
supplyofaserviceasaself-employed
personestablishedintheterritoryofa
WTOMemberotherthanthatofa
MemberStateoftheEuropean
Communities.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
- Thenaturalpersonhasobtaineda
servicecontract,foraperiodnot
exceeding12monthsfromafinal
consumerintheMemberState
concerned,throughanopentendering
procedureoranyotherprocedure
whichguaranteesthebonafide
characterofthecontract21(e.g.
advertisementoftheavailabilityofthe
contract)wherethisrequirementexists
orisintroducedintheMemberState
pursuanttothelaws,regulationsand
requirementsoftheEuropean
CommunitiesoritsMemberStates.
- Theservicecontractshallcomplywith
thelaws,regulationsandrequirements
oftheEuropeanCommu nitiesandthe
MemberStatewheretheservice
contractisexecuted.
- Thetemporaryentryandstaywithin
theMemberStateconcernedshallbe
foracumulativeperiodofnotmore
thansixmonths(L:25weeks)inany12
monthsperiodorforthedurationofthe
contract,whateverisless.
- Thenaturalpersonmustpossess(a)a
universitydegreewhichisrelevantto
thesectorofactivityconcernedora
technicalqualificationdemonstrating
relevantknowledgeofanequivalent
level22,(b)professionalqualifications
wherethisisrequiredtoexercisean
activityinthesectorconcerned
21The competent aut horities in the Member State must be able t o establis h that the co ntract h as been aw arded to that natural person in accord ance with the requirements set
out in the pr ocedure in questi on.22Where the degree or qualificatio n has been obtained in a third coun try, the EU Member State concerned may evaluate whether thisis equivalent to a university degree
required in th at Member State.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
pursuanttothelaws,regulationsor
requirementsoftheECortheMember
Statewheretheserviceissuppliedand,
(c)atleastsixyearsprofessional
experienceinthesector.
- Thecommitmentrelatesonlytothe
serviceactivitywhichisthesubjectof
thecontract;itdoesnotconfer
entitlementtoexercisetheprofessional
titleoftheMemberStateconcerned.
- Theservicecontracthastobeobtained
inoneoftheactivitiesmentionedbelow:
- Architecturalservices,urban
planningandlandscape
architecture
- EngineeringandIntegrated
engineeringservices
- Computerandrelatedservices
- Managementconsulting
services
- Servicesrelatedtomanagement
consulting
- Translationservices
- Commitmentsaresubjecttothe
applicationofanumericalceiling
[modalitiesofapplicationandleveltobe
determined],exceptwhereotherwise
indicatedforaspecificsub-sector.
NotapplicableinthecaseofDK,NL,S,
UK(otherthanforcomputerand
relatedservicesinthecaseoftheUK).
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
II. SECTOR-SPECIFICCOMMITMENTS
1. BUSINESS
SERVICES
A. ProfessionalServices
a) AllMemberStates
excludingFIN:Legal
advicehomecountry
lawandpublic
internationallaw
(excludingEClaw)1)2)3)4)Unboundforlegalprofessionals
entrustedwithpublicfunctions.23
1)2)3)4)AdmissiontotheBarissubjecttoa
nationalityconditioninA,B,E,FIN
andGR.Lawyers’accesstothe
professionof“avocatauprèsdelaCour
decassation”et“avocatauprèsdu
Conseild’Etat”issubjecttoquotasand
toanationalityconditioninBandF.1)2)3)4)Unboundforlegalprofessionals
entrustedwithpublicfunctions.
1)F,P:Unboundfordraftingoflegaldocuments.
DK:Marketingoflegaladviceactivitiesis
restrictedtolawyerswithaDanishlicence
topractiseandlawfirmsregisteredin
Denmark.RequirementofaDanishlegal
examinationinordertoobtainaDanish
licence.
FIN: LegalServices
(CPC861)+
arbitrationand
conciliationservices)241)F,P:Unboundfordraftingoflegaldocuments.
S: An"advokat"(seenextcolumn)maynot
practicehisprofessionneitherin
cooperationwithotherpersonsthanother
"advokats",norintheformofalimited
liabilitycompany(jointstockcompany)25.S: AdmissiontotheBar,necessaryonlyfor
Noneexceptfortheprotectionoftheuseof
theSwedishtitle"advokat"
(lawyer/solicitor/barrister),whichrequires
membershipintheSwedishBar
Association.Swedishlawexamor
equivalenteducationandpractical
experience,citizenshipandissubjecttoa
residencyrequirementarerequiredfor
suchmembership26.
23Cf. pa ge 4 ( par. 14)of EC communication to the WTO of 24 Ma rch 2003on classificati onof legalservices (doc. S/CSC/W /39).
24Provisi on of legal services is only authorized inrespect of publicinternat ional law, EC law and the law of anyjurisdictio n where the service supplier or its personnel is
qualif ied topractice as a lawyer, and, like the provisi on of other services, is subject to licensing requirements and procedures applica ble in ECMember States. For lawyers provi ding
legal services in respect of public internati onal law and foreign law these may take inter aliathe form of compl iance oflocal codes of ethics, use of home title (unless recogn ition with
the host title has been obtained), insur ance requirements, simple registration with the host country Bar or asimplified admission to the host country Bar through an aptitude test.
Legal services in respect of EC la w sha ll in princip le be carried o ut by or t hrou gh a fully qual ified lawyer admitted to a Bar in the EC actin g person ally, and legalservices in respect of
the law of aMember State of t he EC sha ll inprinciple be carried out byor thr ough afully qualif ied lawyer admitted t o the B ar in that Member State actin g person ally. Full admissio n
to the Bar in the relev ant EC Member State might therefore be necessary for representation before courts and other competent authorities inthe EC since it involves practice of EC
and national procedur al law.25Limitedliabilitycompaniesareallowed,subjecttocertainconditions.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
A:Foreignlegaladvisorsarerequiredtobe
membersoftheirnationalBarAssociation;
theymayusetheirprofessionaltitleonly
withreferencetotheplaceofregistrationin
theirhomecountry
2) None 2) None
3)D:AccesssubjecttoacceptanceintoaBar
Associationaccordingtothe"Federal
LawyersAct"whichrequires
establishmentwhichisrestrictedtosole
proprietorshiporProvisionthrough
partnershipsonlyinanyofthelegalforms
allowedbythe
Bundesrechtsanwaltsordnung.3)DK:Marketingoflegaladviceactivitiesis
restrictedtolawfirmsregisteredin
Denmark.OnlylawyerswithaDanish
licencetopractiseandlawfirmsregistered
inDenmarkmayownsharesinaDanish
lawfirm.OnlylawyerswithaDanish
licencetopractisemaysitontheboardorbe
partofthemanagementofaDanishlaw
firm.RequirementofaDanishlegal
examinationinordertoobtainaDanish
licence.F:Hostcountrylawand
internationallaw
(includingEClaw)
areopenedtothe
Membersofthe
regulatedlegaland
judicialprofession.27
F:ProvisionthroughSEL(anonyme,à
responsabilitélimitéeouencommandite
paractions)orSCPonly.InaSELor
SCPprovidinglegalserviecsinrespect
ofFrenchorEClaw,atleast75%ofthe
partnersholdingatleast75%ofthe
sharesshallbelawyersfullyadmittedto
theBarinF.
FIN:Whenpractisinglegalservicesasa
memberoftheGeneralBarAssociation,
Finnishcitizenshipandresidencyin
FinlandarerequiredA:Unbound
26Whennotappearingunderthetitle"advokat"foreignlawyersmayfreelyofferlegaladviceactivities.27AccesstotheseprofessionsisgovernedbytheFrenchlawNo.90-1259of31December1990whichopenstheentirerangeoflegalandjudicialactivities.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
A:Unbound
A:Provisionthroughanyformof
associationbetweenlawyersunderthe
conditionsimposedytheLawyer’sAct
(e.g.RAOandEuRAG).Foreign
lawyers’(whomustbefullyqualifiedin
theirhomecountry)equityparticipation
andsharesintheoperatingresultofany
lawfirmmaynotexceed25percent.
Theymaynothavedecisiveinfluencein
decision-making.
B,DK,GR,I,IRL,PandUK:Partnerships
providinglegalservicesinrespectof
hostcountrylawandEClawshalltake
anyofthelegalformsallowedunder
thenationallawoftherelevantMember
State(e.g.“Societàtraavvocati”inI,
“sociétédedroitcivile”without
limitationofliabilityinB).For
barristersinIRLandUK,sole
proprietorshiponly.
S:An"advokat"(seenextcolumn)maynot
practicehisprofessionneitherin
cooperationwithotherpersonsthanother
"advokats",norintheformofalimited
liabilitycompany(jointstockcompanies
nopemitted)28S:AdmissiontotheBar,necessaryonlyfor
Noneexceptfortheprotectionoftheuseof
theSwedishtitle"advokat"
(lawyer/solicitor/barrister),whichrequires
membershipintheSwedishBar
Association.Swedishlawexamor
equivalenteducationandpractical
experience,citizenshipandissubjecttoa
residencyrequirementarerequiredfor
suchmembership.29L:Hostcountrylawand
internationallaw
(includingEClaw)
subjecttoregistration
as"avocat"atthe
LuxembourgBar.
28Limitedliabilitycompaniesareallowed,subjecttocertainconditions.29Whennotappearingunderthetitle"advokat"foreignlawyersmayfreelyofferlegaladviceactivities.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
4) ICT,BVandCSS-EJPUnboundexcept
asindicatedaboveandinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
A:Unboundexceptasindicatedbelow:atthe
requestofaconsumer,legaladvisorsmay
temporarilymoveintotheterritoryof
Austriainordertosupplyaspecific
service.
GR:Conditionofnationality
L:Unboundfortheprovisionoflegal
servicesinrespectofLuxembourgand
EClaw4) ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Unboundexceptasindicatedaboveandin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
DK:Marketingoflegaladviceactivitiesis
restrictedtolawyerswithaDanishlicense
topractise.RequirementofaDanishlegal
examinationinordertoobtainaDanish
licencetopractise.
F:Legaladviceactivitiesanddraftingof
legaldocumentsasamainactivityandfor
thepublic,arereservedtothemembersof
theregulatedlegalandjudicial
professions30.Theseactivitiesmayalsobe
exercisedasasecondaryactivitytothe
principalactivitybymembersofother
regulatedprofessionsorbyqualified
persons.FIN: Whenpracticinglegal
servicesasamemberoftheGeneralBar
Association,Finnishcitizenshipand
residencyinFinlandarerequired.
S:An"advokat"(seenextcolumn)maynot
practicehisprofessionneitherin
cooperationwithotherpersonsthanother
"advokats",norintheformofalimited
liabilitycompany(jointstockcompanies
arenotpermitted)31.A:UnboundexceptasindicatedintheMarket
accesscolumn.Foreignlegaladvisorsare
requiredtobemembersoftheirnationalBar
Association;theymayusetheir
professionaltitleonlywithreferencetothe
placeofregistrationintheirhomecountry.
S:AdmissiontotheBar,necessaryonlyfor
Noneexceptfortheprotectionoftheuseof
theSwedishtitle"advokat"
(lawyer/solicitor/barrister),whichrequires
membershipintheSwedishBar
Association.Swedishlawexamor
equivalenteducationandpractical
experience,citizenshipandissubjecttoa
residencyrequirementarerequiredfor
suchmembership.32
FIN:None
30Access to these professio ns is gover ned bythe F rench law N /AB 90-12 59 of 31 December 1 990 which opens the entire ran ge of legal an d judicial acti vities.31Limitedliabilitycompaniesareallowed,subjecttocertainconditions.32Whennotappearingunderthetitle"advokat"foreignlawyersmayfreelyofferlegaladviceactivities.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
(iii)UnboundexceptforDandUKwhere:as
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttotheaboveconditionsfollowing
specificlimitations:CSS-EJP:Unboundexceptasindicated
aboveandinthehorizontalsection
CSS-IP:Unbound
D&:Universitydegreeandprofessionaland
UKqualificationsandthreeyears'professional
experienceinthesector.
D:Unboundforactivitiesreservedto
"Rechtsanwalt".
CSS-IP:Unbound
b) Accountingservices
(CPC86212otherthan
"auditingservices",
86213,86219)1) F,GR,I:Unbound
2) None1)F,GR,I:Unbound
A:Norepresentationbeforecompetent
authorities
2) None
3)D:Provisionthrougha"GmbH&CoKG"and
"EWIV"isprohibited.
F:ProvisionthroughaSEL(anonyme,à
responsabilitélimitéeouencommandite
paractions)orSCPonly.
P:Provisionthroughprofessional
establishmentonly.
I:Accessisrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
Professionalassociation(noincorporation)
amongnaturalpersonspermitted.
A:Foreignaccountants'(whomustbe
authorizedaccordingtothelaw oftheir
homecountry)equityparticipationand
sharesintheoperatingresultsofany
Austrianlegalentitymaynotexceed
25percent;thisappliesonlytonon-
membersoftheAustrianProfessional
Body3)DK:Foreignaccountantsmayenterinto
partnershipswithDanishauthorized
accountantsafterobtainingpermission
fromtheDanishCommerceand
CompaniesAgency.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
4) ICT,BVandCSS-EJP:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
F:Conditionofnationality.Howevernon-EC
professionalsmaybepermittedtoprovide
services,byadecisionoftheMinisterof
Economics,FinanceandBudget,in
agreementwiththeMinisterofForeign
Affairs.Therequirementofresidence
cannotexceed5years.
I:Conditionofnationalityfor
"Ragionieri-Periticommerciali".
DK:Citizenshiprequirementunlessotherwise
providedbytheDanishCommerceand
CompaniesAgency.4) ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
DK,I: Residencerequirement.
A:UnboundexceptasindicatedintheMarket
Accesscolumn.Norepresentationbefore
competentauthorities.
FINNone
A:Inadditiontothehorizontalcommitments
attherequestofaconsumer,accountants
maytemporarilymoveintotheterritoryof
Austriainordertosupplyaspecific
service.However,asarulenaturalpersons
supplyingaccountingservicesarerequired
tohavetheirprofessionalcenter
(commercialpresence)inAustria.
(iii)UnboundexceptforA,D,L,NL,UK,S
where:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
A,D,NL,UK,S:Universitydegreeand
professionalqualificationsandthreeyears'
experienceinthesector.CSS-EJPUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
DK,I:Residencerequirement
CSS-IP:Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
A:forCSS-EJPexaminationbeforethe
Austrianprofessionalbody.Theemployer
mustbememberoftherelevant
professionalbodyinthehomecountry
wheresuchbodyexists.
D:forCSS-EJPUnboundforactivities
reservedbylawinthe"Wirtschaftsprüfer".
CSS-IP.Unbound
b) Auditingservices33
(CPC86211and86212
otherthanaccounting
services)1) AllMemberStatesexceptAandS:
unbound
A:None.1) AllMemberStatesexceptAandS:
Unbound
A:Norepresentationbeforecompetent
authorities;noauditsprovidedforin
specificAustrianlaws(e.g.jointstock
companieslaw,stockexchangelaw,
bankinglaw,etc.)
S:OnlyauditorsapprovedinSwedenmay
performlegalauditingservicesincertain
legalentities,a.o.inalllimitedcompanies.
Onlysuchpersonsmaybeshareownersor
formpartnershipsincompanies which
practicequalifiedauditing(forofficial
purposes).Swedishexam,work
experienceandresidencyarerequiredfor
approval.S:ResidencyandSwedishexamrequired34
2) None 2) None
33ExplanatorynoteforallMemberStatesexceptA,FINandS:Giventhefactthatcommercialpresenceisrequiredtoexerciseanyauditingactivity,thecross-bordermodeisunbound.Only
establishedstatutoryauditorscanbeapprovedbythenationalprofessionalbodies.Approvalisanecessarypre-conditiontoexercisingtheactivity.34Foreignexamsandexperiencegivingequivalentcompetencearerecognized.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
3)B:Provisionthrougha"SA"and"Sociétéen
commandite"isprohibited.
D:Provisionthrougha"GmbH&CoKG"and
"EWIV"isprohibited.
F:Forstatutoryaudits:provisionthroughany
companyformexceptSNC,SCSand
secondaryoffices.
P:Provisionthroughprofessionalassociation
only.
IRL:Provisionthroughpartnershiponly.
I:Foraccessas"Ragionieri-Periti
commerciali"and"Dottoricommerciali",
accessisrestrictedtonaturalpersonsonly.
Professionalassociation(noincorporation)
amongnaturalpersonspermitted.
FIN:AtleastoneoftheauditorsofaFinnish
LiabilitycompanymustbeaFinnish
citizenresidentinFinland3)DK:Foreignauditorsmayenterintopartnerships
withDanishStateauthorizedaccountants
afterobtainingpermissionfromtheDanish
CommerceandCompaniesAgency.
S:ResidencyandSwedishexamrequired35
35Foreignexamsandexperiencegivingequivalentcompetencearerecognized.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
S:OnlyauditorsapprovedinSwedenmay
performlegalauditingservicesincertain
legalentities,a.o.inalllimitedcompanies.
Onlysuchpersonsmaybeshareownersor
formpartnershipsincompanies which
practicequalifiedauditing(forofficial
purposes).Swedishexam,work
experienceandresidencyarerequiredfor
approval.
A:Foreignauditors'(whomustbeauthorized
accordingtothelawoftheirhome
country)equityparticipationandsharesin
theoperatingresultsofanyAustrianlegal
entitymaynotexceed25percent;this
appliesonlytonon-membersofthe
AustrianProfessionalBody
4) ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicated
inthehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:inadditiontothehorizontalcommitments
attherequestofaconsumer,auditorsmay
temporarilymoveintotheterritoryof
Austriainordertosupplyaspecific
service.However,asarulenaturalpersons
supplyingauditingservicesarerequiredto
havetheirprofessionalcenter(commercial
presence)inAustria.
DK:Citizenshipcondition,unlessotherwise
providedbytheDanishCommerceand
CompaniesAgency.
E,GR:Conditionsofnationalityforstatutory
auditors.4) ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:UnboundexceptasindicatedintheMarket
Accesscolumn.Norepresentationbefore
competentauthorities;noauditsprovided
forinspecificAustrianlaws(e.g.jointstock
companieslaw,stockexchangelaw,
bankinglaw,etc.)
DK:Residencerequirement.
I,P:Residencerequirementforindividual
auditors.
S:ResidencyandSwedishexamrequired.36
FIN:None
36Foreignexamsandexperiencegivingequivalentcompetencearerecognized.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
E:Auditcompanies:Administrators,
directorsandpartnersofcompaniesother
thanthosecoveredbythe8thEEC
directiveoncompanylaw,mustfulfila
nationalitycondition.
I:Nationalityrequirementfor"Ragionieri-
Periticommerciali".Auditcompanies:
administratorsandauditorsin"societàdi
revisions"otherthanthosecoveredbythe
8thEECdirectiveoncompanylaw,must
fulfilanationalitycondition.
FIN:AtleastoneoftheauditorsofaFinnish
LiabilitycompanymustbeaFinnish
citizenresidentinFinland
S:OnlyauditorsapprovedinSwedenmay
performlegalauditingservicesincertain
legalentities,a.o.inalllimitedcompanies.
Onlysuchpersonsmaybeshareownersor
formpartnershipsincompanies which
practicequalifiedauditing(forofficial
purposes).Swedishexam,work
experienceandresidencyarerequiredfor
approval.
CSSUnbound CSS:Unbound
b) Bookkeepingservices
(CPC86220)1)F,FIN,GR,I:Unbound.
2)FIN:Unbound1)F,FIN,GR,I:Unbound.
A:Norepresentationbeforecompetent
authorities
2)FIN:Unbound.
3)F:ProvisionthroughaSEL(anonyme,à
responsabilitélimitéeouencommandite
paractions)orSCPonly.
I:Accessfornaturalpersonsonly.
Professionalassociation(noincorporation)
amongnaturalpersonspermitted.3)FIN:Unbound.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
FIN:Unbound
A:Foreignaccountants(whomustbe
authorizedaccordingtothelaw oftheir
homecountry)equityparticipationand
sharesintheoperatingresultsofany
Austrianlegalentitymaynotexceed
25percent;thisappliesonlytonon-
membersoftheAustrianProfessional
Body
4) ICT,BVandCSS-EJP:Unboundexcept
asindicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowingspecific
limitations:4) ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicated
inthehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
F:Conditionofnationality.However
Non-ECprofessionalsmaybepermittedto
provideservices,byadecisionofthe
MinisterofEconomics,Financeand
Budget,inagreementwiththeMinisterof
ForeignAffairs.Therequirementof
residencecannotexceed5years.
I:Conditionofnationalityfor
"Ragionieri-Periticommerciali".A:in
additiontothehorizontalcommitmentsat
therequestofaconsumer,accountants
maytemporarilymoveintotheterritoryof
Austriainordertosupplyaspecific
service.However,asarulenaturalpersons
supplyingbookkeepingservicesare
requiredtohavetheirprofessionalcenter
(commercialpresence)inAustria.
FIN:UnboundA:UnboundexceptasindicatedintheMarket
Accesscolumn.Norepresentationbefore
competentauthorities.
FIN:Unbound.
I: Residencerequirementfor
"Ragionieri-Periticommerciali".
P: Residencerequirement.
UnboundexceptforAwhere:asindicated
inthehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:CSS-EJPUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
A:Universitydegreeandprofessional
qualificationsandthreeyears'experience
inthesector.ForCSS-EJPExamination
beforetheAustrianprofessionalbody.
Theemployermustbememberofthe
relevantprofessionalbodyinthehome
countrywheresuchbodyexists.
CSS-IP:UnboundI.Residencerequirementfor"Regionieri-
Periticommerciali"
P:Residencerequirement
CSS-IP: Unbound
c) TaxationAdvisory
Services(CPC863.All
MemberStates
excludingFINandS:
excluding
representationin
Court/tribunals)1)F:Unboundforthedraftingoflegal
documents.
2) None1)F:Unboundforthedraftingoflegal
documents.
A:Norepresentationbeforecompetent
authorities
2) None
3)I:Accessfornaturalpersonsonly.
Professionalassociation(noincorporation)
amongnaturalpersonspermitted.
F:ProvisionthroughSEL(anonyme,à
responsabilitélimitéeouencommandite
paractions)orSCPonly.
A:Foreigntaxadvisors'(whomustbe
authorizedaccordingtothelaw oftheir
homecountry)equityparticipationand
sharesintheoperatingresultsofany
Austrianlegalentitymaynotexceed
25percent;thisappliesonlytonon-
membersoftheAustrianProfessional
Body3) None
4) ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicated
inthehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:4) ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
F:Legaladviceactivitiesanddraftingof
legaldocumentsasamainactivityandfor
thepublic,arereservedtothemembersof
theregulatedlegalandjudicial
professions37.Theseactivitiesmayalsobe
exercisedasasecondaryactivitytothe
principalactivitybymembersofother
regulatedprofessionsorbyqualified
persons.
I:Conditionofnationalityfor
"Ragionieri-Periticommerciali".A:UnboundexceptasindicatedintheMarker
Accesscolumn.Norepresentationbefore
competentauthorities
I,P:Residencerequirement.
FIN:None
A:inadditiontothehorizontalcommitments
attherequestofaconsumer,taxadvisors
maytemporarilymoveintotheterritoryof
Austriainordertosupplyaspecific
service.However,asarulenaturalpersons
supplyingtaxationservicesarerequiredto
havetheirprofessionalcenter(commercial
presence)inAustria.
CSS-EJP UnboundexceptforA,B,D,L,
NL,UK,Swhere:asindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionbutwithout
applicationofanumericalceilingand
subjecttothefollowingspecific
limitations:
A,B,NL,UK,S:Universitydegreeand
professionalqualificationsandthreeyears'
experienceinthesector.
A:ExaminationbeforetheAustrian
professionalbody.Theemployermustbe
memberoftherelevantprofessionalbody
inthehomecountrywheresuchbody
exists.CSS-EJP:UnboundexceptforA,B,D,L,
NL,UK,Swhere:Uunboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsection
CSS-IP:Unbound
37AccesstotheseprofessionsisgovernedbytheFrenchlawNo.90-1259of31December1990whichopenstheentirerangeoflegalandjudicialactivities.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
D:Unboundexceptforconsultingservices
relatedtoforeigntaxlaw,where:
universitydegreeandprofessional,
qualificationsandthreeyears'professional
experienceinthesector.CSS-IP:
Unbound
d) ArchitecturalServices
(CPC8671)1)B,GR,I,P:Unbound. 1)B,GR,I,P:Unbound.
D:Applicationofthenationalrules onfeesand
emolumentsforallserviceswhichare
performedfromabroad.
A:Noneforpureplanningservices; the
submissionofplansforapprovalbythe
competentauthoritiesrequiresco-operation
withanestablishedsupplierofplanning
services
2) None
3)E:Accessisrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
F:ProvisionthroughSEL(anonyme,à
responsabilitélimitéeouencommandite
paractions)orSCPonly.
I,P:Accessisrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
Professionalassociations.(no
incorporation)amongnaturalpersons
permitted.2) None
3) None
4) ICT,BVandCSS:Unboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowingspecific
limitations:
GR,P:Conditionofnationality.4) ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:UnboundexceptasindicatedintheMarket
Accesscolumn.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
F:Conditionofnationalityunlesswaivedby
ministerialauthorization. A:
commercialpresencerequiredfor
CSSonly:unboundexceptforpure
planningservices
FIN:forCSS,thenaturalpersonmust
demonstratethats(he)possessesspecial
knowledgerelevanttotheservicebeing
supplied.B,D,F:Usebythirdcountryqualified
professionalsoftheprofessionaltitleisonly
possibleonthebasisofmutualrecognition
agreementsorforB,withspecial
authorizationbyRoyalDecree.
I:Residencerequirement.
GR:ResidencerequirementsforICTs
FIN:None
(iii)UnboundexceptforDK,E,L,NL,UK,S
where:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
DK,NL,UK,S:Universitydegreeand
professionalqualificationsandthreeyears'
professionalexperienceinthesector.
E:Academicandprofessionalqualifications
recognizedbythenationalauthoritiesand
licencedeliveredbytheProfessional
Association.UnboundforCPC86713,
86714,86719.CSSUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
I.Residencerequirement
A:Unboundexceptforpureplanning
services
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
e) Engineeringservices
(CPC8672)1)GR,I,P:Unbound.
2) None
3)E:Accessisrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
I,P:Accessisrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
Professionalassociation(no
incorporation)amongnaturalpersons
permitted.1)GR,I,P:Unbound.
A:Noneforpureplanningservices; the
submissionofplansforapprovalbythe
competentauthoritiesrequiresco-operation
withanestablishedsupplierofplanning
services
2) None
3) None
4)ICT,BVandCSS:Unboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowingspecific
limitations:
GR:Conditionofnationality4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:commercialpresencerequiredForCSS
only:unboundexceptforpureplanning
services.
FIN:forCSS,thenaturalpersonmust
demonstratethats(he)possessesspecial
knowledgerelevanttotheservicebeing
supplied.A:UnboundexceptasindicatedintheMarket
Accesscolumn
I,P:Residencyrequirements
GR:ResidencerequirementforICTs
FIN:None
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
(iii)UnboundexceptforB,DK,E,NL,UK,S
where:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
B,DK,NL,UK,S:Universitydegreeand
professionalqualificationsandthreeyears'
professionalexperienceinthesector.
UK:CompliancewithENTisrequired.
E:Academicandprofessionalqualifications
recognizedbythenationalauthoritiesand
licencedeliveredbytheProfessional
Association.CSS Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
I,P:Residencyrequirements
A:unboundexceptforpureplanning
services
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
f) IntegratedEngineering
Services(CPC8673)1)GR,I,P:Unbound.
2) None
3)E:Accessisrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
I,P:Accessisrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
Professionalassociation(noincorporation)
amongnaturalpersonspermitted.
4)ICT,BVandCSS:Unboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowingspecific
limitations:
GR:ConditionofnationalityA:commercial
presencerequiredForCSSonly:unbound
exceptforpureplanningservices
FIN:forCSS,thenaturalpersonmust
demonstratethats(he)possessesspecial
knowledgerelevanttotheservicebeing
supplied.1)GR,I,P:Unbound.
A:Noneforpureplanningservices;the
submissionofplansforapprovalbythe
competentauthoritiesrequiresco-operation
withanestablishedsupplierofplanning
services
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:UnboundexceptasindicatedintheMarket
Accesscolumn.
I,P:Residencyrequirements
GR:ResidencyrequirementsforICTs.
FIN:None
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
(iii)UnboundexceptforB,DK,E,NL,UK,S
where:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:B,DK,NL,UK,S:
Universitydegreeandprofessional
qualificationsandthreeyears'professional
experienceinthesector.
UK:CompliancewithENTisrequired.
E:Academicandprofessionalqualifications
recognizedbythenationalauthoritiesand
licencedeliveredbytheProfessional
Association.CSSUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
I,P:Residencyrequirements
A:Unboundexceptforpureplanning
services
g) UrbanPlanningand
Landscape
ArchitecturalServices
(CPC8674)1)B,GR,I,P:Unbound. 1)B,GR,I,P:Unbound.
A:Noneforpureplanningservices;the
submissionofplansforapprovalbythe
competentauthoritiesrequiresco-operation
withanestablishedsupplierofplanning
services.
D:Applicationofthenationalrules onfeesand
emolumentsforallserviceswhichare
performedfromabroad.
2) None 2) None
3)I,P:Accessisrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
Professionalassociation(noincorporation)
amongnaturalpersonspermitted.3) None
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
4)ICT,BVandCSS:Unboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowingspecific
limitations:
GR,P:Conditionofnationality.A:
commercialpresencerequiredForCSS
only:unboundexceptforpureplanning
services
FIN:forCSS,thenaturalpersonmust
demonstratethats(he)possessesspecial
knowledgerelevanttotheservicebeing
supplied.4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
B,D:Usebythirdcountryqualified
professionalsoftheprofessionaltitleis
onlypossibleonthebasisofmutual
recognitionagreementsor,forB,with
specialauthorizationbyRoyalDecree.
A:UnboundexceptasindicatedintheMarket
Accesscolumn.I: Residencerequirement.
GR:ResidencerequirementsforICTs
FIN:None
(iii)UnboundexceptforDK,E,L,NL,UK,S
where:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
DK,NL,UK,S:Universitydegreeand
professionalqualificationsandthreeyears'
professionalexperienceinthesector.CSSUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
I:Residencerequirement
A:unboundexceptforpureplanning
services
E:Academicandprofessionalqualifications
recognizedbythenationalauthoritiesand
licencedeliveredbytheProfessional
Association.
h) Medical,Dentaland
MidwivesServices
(CPC9312,9319138)1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
S:None
2)FIN:Unbound.1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
S:None.
2)FIN:Unbound.
3)FIN:Unbound
A:Unboundformedicalanddentalservices
otherthanpsychologistsand
psychotherapists;formidwives:access
restrictedtonaturalpersonsonly.3)A:Unboundformedicalanddentalservices
otherthanpsychologistsand
psychotherapists
FIN:Unbound
38IndicatesthattheservicespecifiedconstitutesonlyapartofthetotalrangeofactivitiescoveredbytheCPCconcordance.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
D:Accessrestrictedtonaturalpersonsonly.
Economicneedstestformedicaldoctorsand
dentistswhoareauthorizedtotreatmembersof
publicinsuranceschemes.Thecriterionisshortage
ofdoctorsanddentistsinthegivenregion.E,D:
Accessrestrictedtonaturalpersonsonly.
I,P:Accessisrestrictedtonaturalpersons
only.Professionalassociation (no
incorporation)amongnaturalpersons
permitted.S:Foreignexamsgivingequivalent
competencearerecognizedaftera
compulsorycomplementarytraining
IRL:Accessthroughpartnershipornatural
personsonly.
D:Economicneedstest.Theeconomic
needstest,whenapplied,setsalimiton
thenumberofservicesuppliers(doctors
anddentists)authorisedtotreat
membersofpublicinsuranceschemes.
Maincriteria:Localdemandand
populationcriteria
S:Needstestappliedtodecidethenumberof
privatepracticestobesubsidisedthrough
thesocialsecuritysystempublicfunding.
UK:Establishmentfordoctorsunderthe
NationalHealthServiceissubjectto
medicalmanpowerplanning.
F:ProvisionthroughSEL(anonyme,à
responsabilitélimitéeouencommandite
paractions)orSCPonly.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:Unboundformedicalanddentalservices
otherthanpsychologistsand
psychotherapists;formidwiveswhere
naturalpersonsmayestablisha
professionalpracticeinAustriaprovided
thatthepersonconcernedhaspractisedthe
professioninquestionatleastthreeyears
precedingthesettingupoftheprofessional
practiceinAustria
DK:Limitedauthorizationtofulfilaspecific
functioncanbegivenformaximum18
months.
FIN:Unbound.4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:Unboundformedicalanddentalservices
otherthanpsychologistsand
psychotherapists.
DK:Residencerequirementinordertoobtain
necessaryindividualauthorizationfromthe
NationalBoardofHealth.
FIN:Unbound.
I:Residencerequirement.
S:Foreignexamsgivingequivalent
competencearerecognizedaftera
compulsorycomplementarytraining
GR,P:Conditionofnationality.
F:Conditionofnationality.However,access
ispossiblewithinannuallyestablished
quotas.
D:Conditionofnationalityfordoctorsand
dentistswhichcanbewaivedonan
exceptionalbasisincasesofpublichealth
interest.Azeroquotaformidwives.
CSS:Unbound CSS:Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
i) Veterinaryservices
(CPC932)1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
UK,L,FINandS:NoneUnbound.
L,FINandS:None
UK:unboundexceptforveterinary
laboratoryandtechnicalservices
suppliedtoveterinarysurgeons,general
advice,guidanceandinformatione.g.:
nutritional,behaviouralandpetcare
2) None1)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptforUK,L,
FINandS:NoneUnbound
L,FINandS:None
UK:unboundexceptforveterinary
laboratoryandtechnicalservices
suppliedtoveterinarysurgeons,general
advice,guidanceandinformatione.g.:
nutritional,behaviouralandpetcare
2) None
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
3)A:Unbound.
D,DK,E,P:Accessrestrictedtonatural
persons.
I:Accessrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
Professionalassociations(no
incorporation)amongnaturalpersons
permitted.
IRL,UK:Accessthroughpartnershipornatural
personsonly.
F:ProvisionthroughSEL(anonyme,à
responsabilitélimitéeouencommandite
paractions)orSCPonly.
S:Needstestappliedtodecidethenumberof
privatepracticestobesubsidizedthrough
thesocialsecuritysystem.3)A:Unbound.
S:Foreignexamsgivingequivalent
competencearerecognizedaftera
compulsorycomplementarytrainingand
examinations
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:Unbound.
D,F,GR,P:Conditionofnationality.4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:Unbound.
I:Residencerequirement.
S:Foreignexamsgivingequivalent
competencearerecognizedaftera
compulsorycomplementarytrainingand
examinations.
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
j) Servicesprovidedby
Nurses,
Physiotherapistsand
ParamedicalPersonnel
(AllMemberStates
exceptAandFIN:CPC
9319139.A:following
activitiesofCPC9319
arecovered:nurses,
physiotherapists,
occupationaltherapists,
logotherapists,
dieticiansand
nutricians.FIN:only
servicesprovidedby
nurses–partofCPC
93191)1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
FINandS:None
2) None
3)E,P:Nurses-accessrestrictedtonatural
persons.
I:Nurses-accessrestrictedtonatural
persons.Professionalassociations(no
incorporation)amongnaturalpersons
permitted.
F:ProvisionthroughaSEL(anonyme,à
responsabilitélimitée,ouencommandite
paractions)orSCPonly.
A:Accessrestrictedtonaturalpersonsonly.
S:Needstestappliedtodecidethenumberof
privatepracticestobesubsidisedthrough
thesocialsecuritysystempublicfunding.1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
FINandS:None.
2) None
3)S:Foreignexamsgivingequivalent
competencearerecognizedaftera
compulsorycomplementarytraining
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
DK:Limitedauthorizationtofulfilaspecific
functioncanbegivenformaximum18
months.
GR,P:Conditionofnationality.
I:Subjecttoeconomicneedstest:decision
issubjecttoregionalvacanciesand
shortages.4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:UnboundexceptasindicatedintheMarket
Accesscolumn.
DK:Residencerequirementinordertoobtain
necessaryindividualauthorizationfromthe
NationalBoardofHealth.
S:Foreignexamsgivingequivalent
competencearerecognizedaftera
compulsorycomplementarytraining
39IndicatesthattheservicespecifiedconstitutesonlyapartofthetotalrangeofactivitiescoveredbytheCPCconcordance.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
A:Naturalpersonsmayestablisha
professionalpracticeinAustriaprovided
thatthepersonconcernedhaspractisedthe
professioninquestionatleastthreeyears
precedingthesettingupoftheprofessional
practiceinAustria.FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Servicesprovidedby
pharmacists(Supply
andretaildistribution
ofpharmaceutical
goods-partofCPC
63211-tothegeneral
public(pharmacists)1) Unbound
2)A,FIN,S:Unbound.
3)40A,FIN,S:Unbound
D,DK,E,GR,L,NL,P:Accessrestrictedto
naturalpersonsonly.1) Unbound
2)A,FIN,S:Unbound
3)A,FIN,S:Unbound
I:Accessrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
Professionalassociation(noincorporation)
amongnaturalpersonspermitted.
B,DK,E,F,GR,I,L,P:Monopolyfor
pharmacistsofsupplyofpharmaceuticals
tothegeneralpublic.
B,D,DK,E,F,I,IRL,P:Economicneeds
test.Theeconomicneedstest,when
applied,setsalimitonthenumberof
servicesuppliers.Maincriteria:the
populationandthegeographicaldensity
ofexistingpharmacies
F:Pharmaciesareauthorizedaccordingtothe
needsofthepopulationandwithin
establishedquotas.AccessthroughaSEL
(anonyme,àresponsabilitélimitéeouen
commanditeparactions)SNCandSARL
only.
40Wheretheestablishmentofpharmaciesissubjecttoaneconomicneedstest,themaincriteriatakenintoaccountare:thepopulation,thenumberofexistingpharmaciesandtheir
geographicaldensity.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
E,I:Establishmentofnewpharmaciesis
subjecttoaneconomicneedstest.
D:Establishmentofnewpharmaciesis
restrictedandonlypossiblethroughthe
take-overofanexistingpharmacy-store
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A,FIN,S:Unbound
F:Conditionofnationality.However,within
establishedquotas,accessforthirdcountry
nationalsispossibleprovidedtheservice
providerholdstheFrenchdegreein
pharmacy.
D,DK,GR:Conditionofnationality.4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A,FIN,S:Unbound
I,D,DK,P:Residencerequirement.
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
k) Other
RelatedScientificand
TechnicalConsulting
Services41(CPC8675)1) AllMemberStatesexceptA,FINandS:
unboundforexplorationservices.2)None1) AllMemberStatesexceptA,FINandS:
unboundforexplorationservices.
D:Applicationofthenationalrules onfeesand
emolumentsforallsurveyingservices
whichareperformedfromabroad.
2) None
3)F:"Surveying":AccessthroughaSEL
(anonyme,àresponsabilitélimitéeouen
commanditeparactions),SCP,SAand
SARLonly.3)F:"Explorationandprospectionservices"
subjecttoauthorization.
41AllMemberStatesexceptA,FINandS:theserviceinvolvedexcludesrelatedscientificandtechnicalconsultingservicesonoperationofmines,etc.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
I:Forcertainexplorationservicesactivities
relatedtomining(minerals,oil,gas,etc.),
exclusiverightsmayexist.
E:Accesstoprofessionofsurveyorsand
geologiststhroughnaturalpersonsonly.
P:Accessrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
I Accesstoprofessionofsurveyorsand
geologiststhroughnaturalpersonsonly.
Professionalassociation(noincorporation)
amongnaturalpersonspermitted.
4)(i)and(ii):Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:commercialpresencerequired.
D:Conditionsofnationalityforpublicly
appointedsurveyors.
F:"Surveying"-operationsrelatingtothe
establishmentofpropertyrights andto
landlawarereservedforEC"experts-
géomètres".4)(i)and(ii):AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
I,P:Residencerequirement.
FIN:None
(iii)Unbound (iii)Unbound
B. ComputerandRelated
Services
(CPC84exceptfor
CPC8499forA)
TheECsubscribesto
the“Understanding
onthescopeof
coverageofComputer
Services–(CPC84)”
attachedinAnnex.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
a) ConsultancyServices
relatedtothe
Installationof
ComputerHardware
(CPC841)1),2),3)None
4)ICT,BVandCSS:Unboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsection1),2),3)None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
(iii)UnboundexceptforB,DK,GR,I,L,NL,
Swhere:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
I,NL:Unbound,exceptforcomputerscientists,
systemsanalysts,programmers,software
documentanalystsandfieldengineers
where:universitydegreeandthreeyears'
professionalexperienceinthesector.CSS Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
B,DK,I,NL,S:Unbound,exceptforcomputer
scientists,systemsanalysts,programmers,
softwaredocumentanalystsandfield
engineerswhere:universitydegreeand
threeyears'professionalexperienceinthe
sector.
I: Compliancewithaneconomicneedstestis
required.
GR:Unbound,exceptforcomputerscientists,
systemsanalysts,programmers,software
documentanalystswhere:university
degreeandfiveyears'professional
experienceinthesector.
b) Software
Implementation
Services(CPC842)1),2),3)None
4)(i)and(ii):Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection1),2),3)None
4)(i)and(ii):AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
(iii)UnboundexceptforB,DK,GR,I,L,NL,
Swhere:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:(iii)Unboundexceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
section
I,NL:Unbound,exceptforcomputerscientists,
systemsanalysts,programmers,software
documentanalystsandfieldengineers
where:universitydegreeandthreeyears'
professionalexperienceinthesector.
B,DK,I,NL,S:Unbound,exceptfor
computerscientists,systemsanalysts,
programmers,softwaredocumentanalysts
andfieldengineerswhere:university
degreeandthreeyears'professional
experienceinthesector.
I:Compliancewithaneconomicneedstestis
required.
GR:Unbound,exceptforcomputerscientists,
systemsanalysts,programmers,software
documentanalystswhere:university
degreeandfiveyears'professional
experienceinthesector.
c) DataProcessing
Services(CPC843)1)2)3)None
4)(i)and(ii):Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection1)2)3)None
4)(i)and(ii):AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
(iii)UnboundexceptforB,DK,GR,I,L,NL,
Swhere:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
I,NL: Unbound,exceptforcomputer
scientists,systemsanalysts,programmers,
softwaredocumentanalystsandfield
engineerswhere:universitydegreeand
threeyears'professionalexperienceinthe
sector.
B,DK,I,NL,S:Unbound,exceptfor
computerscientists,systemsanalysts,
programmers,softwaredocumentanalysts
andfieldengineerswhere:university
degreeandthreeyears'professional
experienceinthesector.
I:Compliancewithaneconomicneedstestis
required.
GR:Unbound,exceptforcomputerscientists,
systemsanalysts,programmers,software
documentanalystswhere:university
degreeandfiveyears'professional
experienceinthesector.(iii)Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
d) DataBaseServices
(CPC844)1)2)3)None
4)(i)and(ii):Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection1)2)3)None
4)(i)and(ii):AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
(iii)UnboundexceptforB,DK,GR,I,L,NL,
Swhere:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
I,NL:Unbound,exceptforcomputer
scientists,systemsanalysts,programmers,
softwaredocumentanalystsandfield
engineerswhere:universitydegreeand
threeyears'professionalexperienceinthe
sector.
B,DK,I,NL,S:Unbound,exceptforcomputer
scientists,systemsanalysts,programmers,
softwaredocumentanalystsandfield
engineerswhere:universitydegreeand
threeyears'professionalexperienceinthe
sector.
I:Compliancewithaneconomicneedstestis
required.
GR:Unbound,exceptforcomputerscientists,
systemsanalysts,programmers,software
documentanalystswhere:university
degreeandfiveyears'professional
experienceinthesector.(iii)Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
Maintenanceand
Repair(CPC845)1)2)3)None
4)(i)and(ii):Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection.1)2)3)None
4)(i)and(ii):AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
(iii)Unbound (ii)Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
e) OtherComputer
Services(AllMember
StatesexceptA:CPC
849.A:CPC8491)1)2)3)None
4)(i)and(ii):Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection1)2)3)None
4)(i)and(ii):AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
(iii)Unbound (iii)Unbound
C. Researchand
DevelopmentServices
a) R&Dserviceson
naturalsciences
(CPC851)1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptforA:unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
section1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptforA:unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontalsection
CSS-EJPUnboundexceptforFwhere:
concerningthetemporaryentryof
researchersasindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionbutwithoutapplication ofa
numericalceilingandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:CSS-EJP UnboundexceptforFwhere:
Uunboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
CSS-IP: Unbound
- Theresearchersareinpossessionof
anemploymentcontractfroma
researchbody.
- Theworkpermitisdeliveredfora
periodnotexceedingninemonths
renewableforthedurationofthe
contract.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
- Compliancewithaneconomicneeds
testisrequired.Maincriteria:
assessmentofthelabourmarket
situationintheprofessional
activityconcernedinthe
geographicalareawherethe
serviceistobeprovided.
- Theresearchbodymustpayataxto
theInternationalMigrationOffice.
CSS-IP:Unbound
b) R&DServiceson
SocialSciencesand
Humanities(CPC852)1) None
2) None
3)I:Accesstotheprofessionofpsychologistis
restrictedtonaturalpersonsonly.
Professionalassociation(noincorporation)
amongnaturalpersonsispermitted.
P:Accesstotheprofessionofpsychologistis
restrictedtonaturalpersonsonly.1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowingspecific
limitations:
I,P:Residencerequirementforpsychologists.
FIN:None
CSS-EJP UnboundexceptforFandL
where:concerningthetemporaryentryof
researchersasindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionbutwithoutapplication ofa
numericalceilingandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:CSS-EJP UnboundxceptforFandL
where:uUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection
CSS-IP: Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
- Theresearchersareinpossessionof
anemploymentcontractfroma
researchbody.
- Theworkpermitisdeliveredfora
periodnotexceedingninemonths
renewableforthedurationofthe
contract.
- Compliancewithaneconomic
needstestisrequired.Main
criteria:assessmentofthelabour
marketsituationinthe
professionalactivityconcernedin
thegeographicalareawherethe
serviceistobeprovided.
- Theresearchbodymustpayataxto
theInternationalMigrationOffice.
CSS-IP:Unbound
c) InterdisciplinaryR&D
services(CPC853)1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptforA:unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
section1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptforA:unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontalsection
CSS-EJP UnboundexceptforFwhere:
concerningthetemporaryentryof
researchers:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionbutwithoutapplication ofa
numericalceilingandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:CSS-EJPUnboundexceptforFwhere:
uUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
CSS-IP: Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
- Theresearchersareinpossessionof
anemploymentcontractfroma
researchbody.
- Theworkpermitisdeliveredfora
periodnotexceedingninemonths
renewableforthedurationofthe
contract.
- Compliancewithaneconomicneeds
testisrequired.Maincriteria:
assessmentofthelabourmarket
situationintheprofessional
activityconcernedinthe
geographicalareawherethe
serviceistobeprovided
- Theresearchbodymustpayataxto
theInternationalMigrationOffice.
CSS-IP:Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
D. RealEstateServices42
a) InvolvingOwnor
LeasedProperty
(AllMemberStates
exceptS:CPC821.
S:CPC82101,82102)1)IRL:Unbound.
2) None
3)E:Accessthroughnaturalpersons,
partnershipor"sociedadencomandita"
only.
FIN:Chairman,membersoftheboardand
ManagingDirectorhavetobeFinnish
citizen.1)IRL:Unbound.
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
E,GR:Conditionofnationality.
A:commercialpresencerequired4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
F,I,P:Residencerequirement.
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
b) OnaFeeorContract
Basis(e.g.Property
Evaluation,Estate
Management,etc.)
(AllMemberStates
exceptS:CPC822.
S:CPC82201,82202)1)IRL:Unbound.
2) None
3)E:Accessisrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
FIN:Chairman,MembersoftheBoardand
ManagingDirectorhavetobeFinnish
citizens.1)IRL:Unbound.
2) None
3)DK:Authorizationforauthorizedestateagent
maylimitthescopeofactivity.
42TheServiceinvolvedrelatestotheprofessionofrealestateagentsanddoesnotaffectanyrightsand/orrestrictionsonnaturalandjuridicalpersonspurchasingrealestate.S:notincluding
acquisitionorrentaloflandandrealestate.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
DK:Authorizedestateagent:Citizenship
requirementunlesswaivedbytheDanish
CommerceandCompaniesAgency.
Unauthorizedestateagent:Citizenship
requirementunlesswaivedbytheDanish
CommerceandCompaniesAgency.
GR:Conditionofnationality.
A:Commercialpresencerequired4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
DK:Authorizedandunauthorizedestateagent:
Residencerequirementunlesswaivedbythe
DanishCommerceandCompaniesAgency.
F,I,P:Residencerequirement.
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
E. Rental/Leasing
Serviceswithout
Operators43
a) Relatingtoships
(CPC83103)1)F:Charteringofallshipsissubjecttoprior
notification.
D:Unbound.
2)F:Charteringofallshipsissubjecttoprior
notification.
D:Unbound.
3)F:Charteringofallshipsissubjecttoprior
notification.
S:ToflytheSwedishflagproofof
dominatingSwedishoperatinginfluence
mustbeshownincaseofforeign
ownershipinterestsinships.1)D:Unbound.
2)D:Unbound.
3) None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
43S:excepttheuseofleasedvehicles andcarriersforlandorairtransportationserviceoperations.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
b) RelatingtoAircraft
(CPC83104)1) None
2) AllMemberStatesexceptFINandS:
AircraftusedbyCommunityaircarriers
havetoberegisteredintheMemberState
licensingtheaircarrierorelsewhereinthe
Community.Waiverscanbegrantedfor
shorttermleasecontractsorunder
exceptionalcircumstances.1) None
2) None
3) AllMemberStates:Toberegisteredinthe
aircraftregisteroftheseMemberStates,
theaircraftmustbeownedeitherby
naturalpersonsmeetingspecific
nationalitycriteriaorbyjuridicalpersons
meetingspecificregardingownershipof
capitalandcontrol(includingnationality
ofdirectors).3) None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
c) RelatingtoOther
TransportEquipment
(CPC83101,83102,
83105)1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
d) RelatingtoOther
Machineryand
Equipment(CPC
83106,83107,83108,
83109)1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
RentalServiceswith
OperatorsRentalof
VesselswithCrew
(AllMemberStates
exceptFIN:CPC7213
and7223.FIN:only
CPC7213)1)F:Charteringofallshipsissubjecttoprior
notification.
A,D,S:Unbound.
2)F:Charteringofallshipsissubjecttoprior
notification.
A,D,S:Unbound.
3)F:Charteringofallshipsissubjecttoprior
notification.
A,S:Unbound.
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A,S:Unbound.1)A,D,S::Unbound.
2)A,D,S:Unbound.
3)A,S:Unbound.
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A,S:Unbound.
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
RentalofCommercial
RoadVehicleswith
Operator(CPC7124)1)A,S:Unbound
2)A,S:Unbound
3)A,S:Unbound
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A,S:Unbound1)A,S:Unbound
2)A,S:Unbound
3)A,S:Unbound
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A,S:Unbound.
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
F. OtherBusiness
Services
a) Advertising
(CPC871)1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBVandCSS–EJP:Unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
section1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
(iii)(a)UnboundexceptforB,D,GR,I,L,UK,
Swhere:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
B,D,I,UK,S:Relevantqualificationsand
threeyears’professionalexperience.
I,UK: Compliancewithaneconomic
needstestisrequired.
GR:Relevantqualificationsandfiveyears’
professionalexperience.CSS-EJP: Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection.
CSS-IP: Unbound
b) MarketResearchand
OpinionPolling
(CPC864)1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
c) Management
Consulting
Services(CPC865)1)2)3)None
4)ICT,BVandCSS:Unboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsection1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
(iii)UnboundexceptforB,D,DK,I,L,UK,S
where:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations: B,D,DK,I,S,
UK:Unboundexceptformanagersand
seniorconsultantswhere:university
degreeandthreeyears'professional
experience.
I,UK:Compliancewithaneconomicneedstest
isrequired.CSSUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
d) ServicesRelatedto
Management
Consulting(CPC866)1)2)3)None
4)ICT,BVandCSS:Unboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsection1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
(iii)UnboundexceptforB,D,DK,I,L,UK,S
where:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
B,D,DK,I,S,UK:Unboundexceptfor
managersandseniorconsultants where:
universitydegreeandthreeyears'
professionalexperience.
I,UK: Compliancewithaneconomic
needstestisrequired.CSS-EJandCSS-IPUnboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsection
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
e) TechnicalTestingand
AnalysisServices
(CPC8676)1)I:Unboundfortheprofessionofbiologist
andchemicalanalyst.
S:Unbound
2)S:Unbound1)I:Unboundfortheprofessionofbiologistand
chemicalanalyst.
S:Unbound
2)S:Unbound
3)E:Accessforchemicalanalysisthrough
naturalpersonsonly.
I:Accessfortheprofessionofbiologistand
chemicalanalystthroughnaturalpersons
only.Professionalassociation(no
incorporation)amongnaturalpersonsis
permitted.
P:Accessfortheprofessionofbiologistand
chemicalanalystthroughnaturalpersons
only.
S:Unbound.3)S:Unbound
4)ICT,BVandCSS-EJP:Unboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowingspecific
limitations:
S:UnboundexceptforcategoryCSS-EJP
A:commercialpresencerequired4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
S:Unbound
I,P:Residencerequirementsforbiologistand
chemicalanalyst.
FIN:None
(iii)UnboundexceptforD,DK,L,UK,S
where:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
D,DK,UK,S:Universitydegreeortechnical
qualificationsdemonstratingknowledge
andthreeyears'professionalexperience.
UK:Compliancewithaneconomicneedstestis
required.
CSS-IP:UnboundCSS-EJPandCSS-IPiii)Unboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsection
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
f) Advisoryand
ConsultingServices
RelatingtoAgriculture,
HuntingandForestry
(FIN:partofCPC
88excludinghunting.
S:partofCPC
881excludinghunting)1)I:Unboundforactivitiesreservedto
agronomistand"peritiagrari".
2) None
3)E:Accessforagronomistandengineersin
forestryisrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
P:Accessforagronomistisrestrictedto
naturalpersons.1)I:Unboundforactivitiesreservedto
agronomistand"peritiagrari".
2) None
3) None
I:Accessforagronomistand"peritiagrari"
restrictedtonaturalpersons.Professional
association(noincorporation)among
naturalpersonsispermitted.
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
I:Conditionofnationalityfor"peritiagrari".
A:commercialpresencerequired4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
I,P:Residencerequirementforagronomists.
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
g) Advisoryand
ConsultingServices
RelatingtoFishing
(FIN:partofCPC88.
S:partofCPC882)1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:commercialpresencerequired1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
h) Advisoryand
ConsultingServices
RelatingtoMining
(FIN:partofCPC88.
S:partofCPC883)1) None
2) None
3)E,P:Accessforminingengineersisrestrictedto
naturalpersons.
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:commercialpresencerequired1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
P:Residencerequirement.
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
k) PlacementandSupply
ServicesofPersonnel44
ExecutiveSearch
Services(CPC87201)1)A,D,E,FIN,IRL,P,S:Unbound.
2)A,FIN:Unbound
3)A,D,FIN,P:Unbound.
E:Statemonopoly.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A,FIN:Unbound.1)A,D,E,FIN,IRL,P,S:Unbound.
2)A,FIN:Unbound
3)A,D,FIN,P:Unbound.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothefollowing
limitations:
A,FIN:Unbound.
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
44S:nationalandresidentswithworkpermits,excludingseamen
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
PlacementServices
(CPC87202)1)Unbound
2)A,FIN:Unbound
3)A,FIN,P:Unbound
D:Subjecttoamandategiventotheservice
supplierbythecompetentauthority.The
mandatewillbegrantedinfunctionofthe
situationanddevelopmentofthelabour
market.
B,F,E,I:Statemonopoly.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A,FIN:Unbound1)Unbound
2)A,FIN:Unbound
3)A,FIN,P:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A,FIN:Unbound
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
SupplyServicesof
OfficeSupport
Personnel
(CPC87203)1)AD,F,FIN,I,IRL,NL,P,S:Unbound.
2)A,FIN:Unbound
3)A,D,FIN,P:Unbound
I:Statemonopoly.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A,FIN:Unbound1)A,D,F,FIN,I,IRL,NL,P,S:Unbound.
2)A,FIN:Unbound
3)A,D,FIN,P:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A,FIN:Unbound
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
l) Investigationservices
(CPC87301)1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptA
andS:none.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptAandS:
unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A:commercialpresencerequired1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptA
andS:none.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptAandS:unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontalsection
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
l) SecurityServices
(AllMemberStates
exceptA,FINand
S:CPC87302,87303,
87304,87305.Aand
S:entirerangeof
activities87302-87309.
FIN:partsofCPC873)1)B,E,F,I,P:Unbound.
FIN:Establishmentrequirement
2) None
3)E:AccessthroughSociedadesAnonimas,
SociedadesdeResponsabilidadLimitada,
SociedadesAnonimasLaboralesand
SociedadesCooperativasonly.Accessis
subjecttopriorauthorization.Ingranting
theauthorization,theCouncilofMinisters
takesintoaccountconditionssuchas
competence,professionalintegrityand
independence,adequacyoftheprotection
providedforthesecurityofthepopulation
andthepublicorder.
DK:Unboundforairportguardservices.
Requirementtobeanationaljuridical
person.Accessissubjecttoprior
authorization.Ingrantingthe
authorization,theMinistryofJusticetakes
intoaccountconditionssuchas
competence,professionalintegrityand
independence,experienceandgood
reputationofthefirmseeking
establishment.1)B,E,F,I,P:Unbound.
2) None
3)DK:Requirementofresidenceandnationality
formajorityofmembersoftheboardand
formanagers.Unboundforairportguard
services.
FIN:LicenceoftheCountyGovernmentis
requiredforacommercialpresence.
LicencemaybegrantedonlytoFinnish
citizensandFinnishregistered
organizations.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
4)ICT(i)andBV(ii)Unboundexceptasindicated
inthehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
DK:Unboundforairportguardservices.
Nationalityrequirementformanagers.
F:Requirementofnationalityformanaging
directorsanddirectors.
B:Conditionofnationalityformanagement
personnel.
E,P:Nationalityrequirementforspecialized
personnel.
I:Nationalityrequirementinordertoobtain
necessaryauthorizationforsecurityguard
servicesandthetransportofvaluables.
A:commercialpresencerequired4)ICT(i)andBV(ii):AllMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
DK:Unboundforairportguardservices.
Residencerequirementformanagers.
B:Residencerequirementformanagement
personnel.
I:Residencerequirementinordertoobtain
necessaryauthorizationforsecurityguard
servicesandthetransportofvaluables.
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
m) RelatedScientificand
TechnicalConsulting
Services45(CPC8675)1) AllMemberStatesexceptA,FINandS:
unboundforexplorationservices.
2) None1) AllMemberStatesexceptA,FINandS:
unboundforexplorationservices.
D:Applicationofthenationalrulesonfees
andemolumentsforallsurveyingservices
whichareperformedfromabroad.
2) None
45AllMemberStatesexceptA,FINandS:theserviceinvolvedexcludesrelatedscientificandtechnicalconsultingservicesonoperationofmines,etc.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
3)F:"Surveying":AccessthroughaSEL
(anonyme,àresponsabilitélimitéeouen
commanditeparactions),SCP,SAand
SARLonly.
I:Forcertainexplorationservices
activitiesrelatedtomining(minerals,
oil,gas,etc.),exclusiverightsmayexist.
E:Accesstoprofessionofsurveyorsand
geologiststhroughnaturalpersonsonly.
P:Accessrestrictedtonaturalpersons.
I:Accesstoprofessionofsurveyorsand
geologiststhroughnaturalpersonsonly.
Professionalassociation(no
incorporation)amongnatural persons
permitted.3)F:"Explorationandprospection services"
subjecttoauthorization.
4) ICT,BVandCSS-EJP:Unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
A:commercialpresencerequired.
D:Conditionsofnationalityforpublicly
appointedsurveyors.
F:"Surveying"–operationsrelatingtothe
establishmentofpropertyrightsandto
landlawarereservedforEC
"experts-géomètres".
FIN:forCSSonly,thenaturalpersonmust
demonstratethats(he)possessesspecial
knowledgerelevanttotheservicebeing
supplied.4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
I,P:Residencerequirement.
FIN:None
CSS-IP:Unbound. CSS-EJP:Unboundexceptas indicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
I,P:residencerequirement.
CSS-IP:Unbound.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
n) Maintenanceand
RepairofEquipment
(notincluding
MaritimeVessels,
AircraftorOther
TransportEquipment)
(AllMemberStates
exceptA,FINandS:
CPC633,8861,8866.
S:633+886.A:
633+8861-8866
excludingalsofire
armsandammunition;
FIN:633,8861-8866)1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
(iii) Unbound
CSS-EJP:Unboundexceptwhenprovided
inthecontextofaleaseorafter-sales
contractwhere,asindicatedinthe
horizontalsection.
CSS-IP:UnboundCSS-EJP Unboundexceptwhenprovided
inthecontextofaleaseoraftersales
contractwhere,asindicatedinthe
horizontalsection.
CSS-IP:Unbound
o) Building-Cleaning
Services(CPC874)1) Unbound*
2)3) None
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) Unbound*
2)3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSS Unbound
*Acommitmentonthismodeofsupplyisnotfeasible.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
p) PhotographicServices
(CPC875.AllMember
StatesexcludingA,
FINandS:excluding
retail)1) AllMemberStatesexceptAandS:
unboundexceptforaerialphotography.
A,S:None
2)3)None
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) AllMemberStatesexceptAandS:
unboundexceptforaerialphotography:
none
A,S:None
2)3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSS Unbound CSSUnbound
q) PackagingServices
(CPC876)1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptA:
none
2)3) NoneFIN,S:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
FIN,S:Unbound1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptA:
none
2)3) NoneFIN,S:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
FIN,S: Unbound
CSS Unbound CSS Unbound
r) PrintingandPublishing
(CPC88442)1)2)3)None
3)I:Foreignparticipationinpublishing
companieslimitedto49percentofcapital
orofvotingrights.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1)S:Residencyrequirementsforpublisherand
ownerofpublishingorprintingcompany
2) None
3)S:Residencyrequirementsforpublisherand
ownerofpublishingorprintingcompany.
FIN:Residencyrequirementsforapersonin
chargeofpublishing
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
S:Residencyrequirementforpublisherand
ownerofpublishingorprintingcompany.
FIN:Residencyrequirementsforapersonin
chargeofprinting
CSS Unbound CSS Unbound
s) ConventionServices
(FIN:Publicrelation
servicesandexhibition
managementservices
only.A:exhibition
managementservices
only)1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSS Unbound
t) Other
TranslationServices
(A,FINandS:
Translationand
interpretationservices)
(CPC87905)1)2)None
3) None
4)ICT,BVandCSS:Unboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowingspecific
limitations:
DK:Authorizedpublictranslatorsand
interpreters:Citizenshipconditionunless
waivedbytheDanishCommerceand
CompaniesAgency.1)2) None
3)DK:Authorizationforauthorizedpublic
translatorsandinterpretersmaylimitthe
scopeofactivity.
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
DK:Authorizedpublictranslatorsand
interpreters:residencerequirementunless
waivedbytheDanishCommerceand
CompaniesAgency.
FIN:Residencyrequirementforcertified
translators.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
(iii)UnboundexceptforGR,I,IRL,UK,Sas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowingspecific
limitations:
GR:Relevantqualificationsanfiveyears'
professionalexperience.
I,IRL,UK,S:Relevantqualificationsandthree
years'professionalexperience.
I,UK:Compliancewithaneconomicneedstest
isrequired.CSS Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
DK:Autorisedpublictranslatorsmust
establishalegaldomicileinDenmark.
InteriorDesign
Services(CPC87907)*1)FIN:Unbound
2)FIN:Unbound
3)FIN:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
FIN:Unbound
A:commercialpresencerequired1)FIN:Unbound
D:Applicationofthenationalrules onfeesand
emolumentsforallserviceswhichare
performedfromabroad.
2)FIN:Unbound
3)FIN:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
FIN:Unbound
A:commercialpresencerequired
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
*IndicatesthattheservicespecifiedconstitutesonlyapartofthetotalrangeofactivitiescoveredbytheCPCconcordance.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
Collectionagencyservices
(CPC87902)1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none
4)ICTandBV:UnboundexceptforA:unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefollowing
limitations:
A:commercialpresencerequired1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none
4)ICTandBV:UnboundexceptforA:unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontalsection
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
2.COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
PostalandCourier
services46
Services relating to the
handling47of postal
items48according to the
following list of sub-
sectors, whether for
domestic or foreign
destinations.
Sub-sectors (i), (iv)  and
(v) are excluded  when
they fall into the scope of
the services which may
be reserved, which i s:
for items of1)2)3)Licencing systems may be establi shed
for sub-sectors (i) to (iv ) for which a
general Universal Service Obligation
exists. These licences may be subject to
particular universal service obligations
and/or financial contribution to a
compensation fund.
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection
CSS:Unbound1)2)3)None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection
CSS:Unbound
46While discussio ns on classificati on in th is sector are still ongoing, the commitment is listed accordin g to the pr oposed cl assificatio n that has been notified to WTO by the EC
and itsMember States on23 March 2001(WTO document S/CSS/W/61 ), without prejud ice to the outcome ofthe discussio n on the classificatio n of postal and courier services. In
additi on,the EC recalls its readi ness to define and make negotia ted addit ional commitments in thissector,. These commitments should be summed up in a reference paper on postal
and c ourier services.47The term “han dling” sh ould be t aken t o incl ude clearance, s orting , transp ort a nd del ivery.48“Post al item” refers to items ha ndled by any type of c ommercial operator, whether p ublic or priv ate.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
correspondence the price
of which is les s than five
times the pu blic basic
tariff, pro vided that they
weigh less than 350
grams49, plus the
registered mail service
used in the cour se of
judicial or
admini strative
procedures.
(i)Handlingof
addressedwritten
communicationson
anykindofphysical
medium50,including
- Hybridmailservice
- Directmail
(ii)Handlingof
addressedparcelsand
packages51
(iii)Handlingof
addressedpress
products52
(iv)Handlingofitems
referredtoin(i)to
(iii)aboveas
registeredorinsured
mail
49“Items of correspondence” :a communication in written form on any kind of physical medium to be conve yed and delivered at the address indicated by the sender on the
item itself or on its wrappi ng.Books, cat alogues, newspapers and period icals are not reg arded as items of correspondence.50E.g. letter, postcards.51Books , catalogues are incl uded hereunder.52Journals, newspapers, perio dicals.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
(v)Expressdelivery
services53foritems
referredtoin(i)to
(iii)above
(vi)Handlingofnon-
addresseditems
(vii)Documentexchange54
2.B.CourierServices
(ex7512;specialdelivery
servicesonly)1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none
4)(i)and(ii)UnboundexceptforA:unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
section1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none.
4)(i)and(ii)UnboundexceptforA:unboundexcept
asindicatedinthehorizontalsection
(iii)Unbound (iii)Unbound
53Express delivery services may inclu de, in addition to greater speed an d reliabil ity,value added elements such as collecti on from p oint oforigin, personal delivery toaddressee, tracing
and tracki ng,possibili ty of cha nging the destinatio n and addressee in transit , conf irmation of receipt .54Provision ofmeans, inclu ding the supply of ad hoc premises as well as transportati on by a third party, allowin g self-deli very bymutual exchan ge of postal items between users
subscribi ng to this service. Postal item refers to items han dled byanytype of c ommercial operator, whe ther p ublic or private
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
C.Telecommunications
Services
h. Electronic mail
i. Voice mail
j. On-line info rmation a nd
database retrieval,
k. electronic data
interchange EDI,
l. enhanced/value-added
facsimile services, inc l.
Store and forward, store
and retrieve
m. Code a nd protoc ol
conversion
Value added ser vices55 -
Electronic mail, Voice mail, On
line informatio n and database
retrieval, EDI, Code a nd
protocol c onve rsion.1) None
2) None
3)P:NoneThedirectorindirect
participationofnaturalpersons,whoare
non-nationalsofECMemberStatesor
non-ECcompaniesorfirmsinthecapital
ofcarriersofcomplementary
telecommunicationsservices,whose
exploitationinvolvestheuseof
complementarytelecommunications
infrastructures,cannotexceed25percent.
Complementarytelecommunications
infrastructuresareallpublic
telecommunicationsinfrastructureswhich
arenotpartofthebasic
telecommunicationsnetwork.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSS Unboun d CSS Unboun d
Telecommunicationsservicesarethetransportofelectro-magneticsignals-sound,dataimageandanycombinationsthereof,excludingbroadcasting56.Therefore,
commitmentsinthisscheduledonotcovertheeconomicactivityconsistingofcontentprovisionwhichrequiretelecommunicationsservicesforitstransport.Theprovisionof
thatcontent,transportedviaatelecommunicationsservice,issubjecttothespecificcommitmentsundertakenbytheEuropeanCommunitiesandtheirMemberStatesinother
relevantsectors.
55Exclu des vo ice telepho ne, packet and circuit switche d data services , telegra ph,telex, m obile ra dio teleph one, paging and satellite serv ices.
56Broadcastingisdefinedastheuninterruptedchainoftransmissionrequiredforthedistributionoftvandradioprogrammesignalstothegeneralpublic,butdoesnotcovercontributionlinksbetween
operators.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
Allsub-sectors TheEuropean
Communitiesandtheir
MemberStatesundertake
additionalcommitmentsas
containedinthe
attachment,allpartsof
whichareequallybinding.
FIN:Thegeneralhorizontalrequirementsfor
legalentitiesinGATS/SC/33shallnot
applytothetelecommunicationssector
exceptas:
- halfofthefounders,halfofthe
membersoftheboardofdirectors
andthemanagingdirectormust
havepermanentresidenceinthe
EuropeanCommunity.Ifthe
founderisalegalperson,itmust
haveresidenceintheEC.FIN:Thegeneralhorizontalrequirementsfor
legalentitiesinGATS/SC/33shallnotapply
tothetelecommunicationssector.
RequirementsconcerningtheÅlandislands
shallcontinuetoapply.B:Licensingconditions
mayaddresstheneed
toguarantee
universalservice,
includingthrough
financing,ina
transparent,
non-discriminatory
andcompetitively
neutralmannerand
willnotbemore
burdensomethan
necessary.
1) NoneNoneexceptfor:P:
basicservicescanbesupplied
onlybycompaniesestablishedin
Portugal.
GR:accessthroughS.A.andthecompany
mustbeexclusivelyengagedinthesupply
oftelecommunicationservices.1) None
2) None 2) None
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
3) Noneexceptfor57:
GR:accessthroughS.A.andthecompanymust
beexclusivelyengagedinthesupplyof
telecommunicationservices.
P:Thedirectorindirectparticipationof
naturalpersons,whoarenon-nationalsof
ECMemberStatesornon-ECcompanies
orfirmsinthecapitalofcompanies
supplyingbasictelecommunications
servicescannotexceed25%.F:
Indirect:none.Non-ECnaturalor
juridicalpersonsmaynotholddirectly
morethan20%ofthesharesorvoting
rightsofcompaniesauthorisedtoestablish
andoperateradio-basedinfrastructurefor
theprovisionoftelecommunications
servicestothegeneralpublic.Forthe
applicationofthisprovision,companiesor
firmslegallyestablishedaccordingtothe
lawsofaMemberStateoftheECare
consideredECjuridicalpersons.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection3) None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionP:TheGovernmentof
Portugalhasthe
intentionof
presentingtothe
Parliamentdraft
legislationaimingat
removingpartially
thepresent
limitationsonforeign
equityparticipation
inthecapitalof
companiessupplying
basic
telecommunication
servicesnolaterthan
in1998.Incaseof
approval,thenew
legislationwillbe
boundnolaterthanin
1999.
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
57Footnoteforclarificationpurposes:SomeECMemberStatesmaintainpublicparticipationincertaintelecommunicationoperators.ECMemberStatesreservetheirrightstomaintainsuch
publicparticipationinthefuture.Thisisnotamarketaccesslimitation.InBelgium,governmentparticipationandvotingrightsinBelgacomare freelydeterminedunderlegislativepowersasis
presentlythecaseunderthelawof21March1991onthereformofgovernment-ownedeconomicenterprises.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
Domestic and internatio nal
Domestic and internatio nal
services provide d using a ny
network tech nolog y, on a
facilities based or resale basis,
for p ublic an d non-public use,
in the followin g mar ket
segments (these correspo nd to
the following CPC n umbers:
7521, 7522, 7523, 7524**,
7525, 7526 an d 7529**,
broadcasting is exclu ded):
a. Voice  telephone
services
b. Packet switched data
transmission services
c. Circuit-switched data
transmissions services
d. Telex services
e. Telegraph ser vices
f. Facsimile services
g. Leased circuit services1) None except for:58
E: none, e xcept that the liberalisation
calendar will be as follows: one
additional natio n-wide licence i n Jan uary
1998; full liberalisation as from
30.11 .199859.
IRL: None except for public voice teleph ony
and facilities-based services where none
as of 1 January 2000.
P: None, exce pt for public voice teleph ony,
telex and telegra ph whe re no ne as fro m 1
January 2 000, and facilities-based
services where none as from 1 July 1 999.
GR: None except for public voice teleph ony
and facilities-based services where none
as of 1 January 2003.
2) None
3) None, exce pt for:1) 2) 3)None TheEuropean
Communitiesandtheir
MemberStatesundertake
additionalcommitmentsas
containedinthe
attachment,allpartsof
whichareequallybinding
58Luxembourghasrequestedadelayeddatefortheliberalisationoftelecommunicationsuntil1.1.2000.TheECdecisiononthisrequestisstillpending.59Applicationsforfurtherlicencestobereceivedas from1August98.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
E: None, except that the liberalisation
calendar will be as follows: one
additional natio n wide licence in January
1998; full liberalisation as from
30.11 .199860.
IRL: None except for public voice teleph ony
and facilities-based services where none
as of 1 Januar y 2000.
P: None, exce pt for public voice teleph ony,
telex and telegra ph whe re no ne as fro m 1
January 2 000 a nd facilities-based services
where no ne as from 1 July 1999.
GR: None except for public voice teleph ony
and facilities-based services where none
as of 1 Januar y 2003.
4)ICT and BVUnbound exce pt as indicated in
the horizo ntal section4) ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
CSS Unboun d CSS Unboun d
o. Other services:
Mobile and personal
communicatio ns
services and systems1) None except for:IRL, P::
international interc onnectio n of
mobile networ ks with other mo bile o r
fixed netwo rks where n one as o f
1.1.1 999.
2) None
3) None except for:
IRL, P: International i ntercon nection o f mobile
networks with other mobile or fixe d
networks where none as o f 1.1.1999.
4)ICT and BVUnbound exc ept as indicated in
the horizo ntal section1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICT andBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
60Applicati ons f or further licences t o be received as fr om 1 A ugust 98.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
3. CONSTRUCTION
ANDRELATED
ENGINEERING
SERVICES
(AllMemberStates
exceptFINandS:CPC
511,512,513,514,
515,516,517,518.
FIN:CPC512,513,
514,516.S:CPC511,
512,513,514,516and
517)1) AllMemberStatesexceptA,SandFIN:
unboundexceptfor5111and5114:none
S:Unbound
A:Unboundexceptfor518:None
FIN:None
2) None
3) None
I: Exclusiverightsaregrantedfor
construction,maintenanceand
managementofhighwaysandtheairport
ofRome.
P:Exclusiverightsaregrantedfor
maintenanceandmanagementof
highways.
GR:Nationalityconditionformanagersofthe
boardofdirectorsofconstruction
companiessupplyinginthepublicsector.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
GR:Nationalityconditionformanagersof
constructioncompaniessupplyinginthe
publicsector.
A:commercialpresencerequired1) AllMemberStatesexceptA,SandFIN:
UnboundexceptforCPC5111and5114:
none
S: Unbound
A:Unboundexceptfor518:None
FIN:None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
CSS-EJP UnboundexceptforNLandF
where:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionbutwithoutapplication ofa
numericalceilingandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
NL:Universitydegreeandprofessional
qualificationsandthreeyears'professional
experienceinthesector.F:Unbound
exceptformeasuresconcerningthe
temporaryentryoftechniciansunderthe
followingconditions:
- Thetechnicianisanemployeeofa
juridicalpersonwithintheterritory
ofanotherMemberandistransferred
toacommercialpresenceinFwhich
hasacontractwiththatjuridical
person.CSS-EJPUnboundexceptforNLandF
whereuUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
- Theworkpermitisdeliveredfora
periodnotexceedingsixmonths.
- Thetechnicianpresentsawork
certificatefromthecommercial
presenceinFandaletterfromthe
juridicalpersonwithintheterritory
ofanotherMemberdemonstratingits
agreementtothetransfer.
- Compliancewithaneconomicneeds
testisrequired.Maincriteria:
assessmentofthelabourmarket
situationintheprofessional
activityconcernedinthe
geographicalareawherethe
serviceistobeprovided.
- Thecommercialpresencebodymust
payataxtotheInternational
MigrationOffice.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
CSS-EJP forCPC5111only:Unbound
exceptforB,D,DK,UK,Swhere:as
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionbut
withoutapplicationofanumerical
ceiling,andsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
B,DK,UK,S:Universitydegreeandprofessional
qualificationsandthreeyears'professional
experienceinthesector.
UK:Compliancewithaneconomicneedstest
isrequired.Maincriteria:assessment
ofthelabourmarketsituationinthe
sectorinthegeographicalareawhere
theserviceistobeprovided.
D:Unboundexceptforlimitedrangeof
servicesofsiteinvestigationworkwhere:
universitydegreeandprofessional
qualificationsandthreeyears'professional
experienceinthesector.CSS-EJP forCPC5111only:unbound
exceptforB,D,DK,UK,Swhere:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
CSS-IP:Unbound CSS-IP:Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
4. DISTRIBUTION
SERVICES61
A. Commission Agents'
Services(AllMember
StatesexceptS:CPC
621. S: CPC
621+6113)1)F:Unboundfortradersandbrokersworking
inmarketofnationalinterest.
I:Unbound.
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
F:Conditionofnationalityforactivitiesof
traders,commissioners,andbrokers
workingintwenty(20)marketsofnational
interest.1)F:Unboundfortradersandbrokersworking
inmarketofnationalinterest.
I:Unbound.
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
I,E,P:Residencerequirement
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
61AllMemberStatesexceptAustria,FinlandandSweden:distributionofarms,chemicalproducts,explosivesandpreciousmetalsisexcluded.InAustriadistributionofpyrotechnicalgoods,
ignitablearticlesandblastingdevices,firearms,ammunitionandmilitaryequipment,tobaccoandtobaccoproducts,pharmaceuticalproducts,medicalandsurgicaldevices,toxicsubstances,certain
medicalsubstancesandobjectsformedicaluseisexcluded;inFinland,distributionofarms,alcoholicbeveragesandpharmaceuticalproductsisexcluded;inSwedendistributionofarmsandretail
saleofalcoholicbeverageandpharmaceuticalproductsisexcluded.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
B. WholesaleTrade
Services
(AllMemberStates
exceptS:CPC622.S:
CPC622,61111,6113,
6121)1)E,I,P:Statemonopolyontobacco.
F:Unboundforpharmacies.
2) None
3)E,I,P:Statemonopolyontobacco.
F:Wholesalepharmacies:Economicneeds
test.Theeconomicneedstest,when
applied,setsalimitonthenumberof
servicesuppliers.Maincriteria:The
populationandthegeographicaldensity
ofexistingpharmacies.areauthorized
accordingtotheneedsofthepopulation
andwithinestablishedquotas.State
monopolyontobaccoandmatches.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
F:Conditionofnationalityforwholesaleof
pharmaceuticals.1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
E,I,P:Residencerequirement.
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
C. RetailingServices
(AllMemberStates
exceptA,FINandS:
CPC631,632,633,
61112,6113,6121
excluding63211.A,
FIN:CPC631,632,
6111,6113,6121.S:
CPC631,632,61112,
6113,6121)1) AllMemberStatesexceptA,FINandS:
unboundexceptformailorder:none
A,FINandS:none
2) None
3)62B, DK, F, I, P : Economic needs test
applied on a national treatment basis.
The economic needs test, when app lied,
sets a limit on the num ber of
department stores (large department
stores in F and larger than 200 0 sq. m.
in P). Main criteria: The number of
and impact onexistingstores,
populationdensity,geographicspread,
impactontrafficconditionsand
creationofnewemployment.
I:Economicneedstestonestablishmentof
anynewdepartmentstore/outlet and
authorizationcanbedeniedinorderto
protectareasofparticularhistoricand
artisticinterest.
S:Economic needs test. The economic
needs test, when ap plied, sets a li mit on
temporary trade in clothing, shoes and
foodstuffs that are no t consumed at the
point of sale. Main criteria : The impact
on existing stores in the geographic
area in question.
B:Economicneedstestfordepartment
stores.
DK:Economicneedstestfornewdepartment
stores
F:Economicneedstestforlargerdepartment
stores.E,F,IStatemonopolyontobacco1) AllMemberStatesexceptA,FINandS:
unboundexceptformailorder:none
A,FINandS:none
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
62All Member States except A, FIN and S:where establishment is subject to aneconomic needs test, the main criteria are: the number of and impact onexisti ng stores, population
density , geograp hic spread, impact o n traffic co nditions and creation of new emplo yment.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
P:Economicneedstestforlarge(i.e.more
than2000sq.m.)departmentstores.
S:Individualmunicipalitiesmayapply
economicneedstesttotemporarytradein
clothing,shoesandfoodstuffsthatarenot
consumedatthepointofsale63
IRL:Unboundforretailofalcoholicbeverages.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
F:Conditionofnationalityfortobacconists
(i.e.buraliste).
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
D. Franchising
(CPC8929)1)2)3)NoneS:Unbound.
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
S:Unbound1)2)3)NoneS:Unbound.
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
S:UnboundFIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
63Sale on a permanent basis from a fi xed point of sale or man ufacturin g facilities are n ot affected by these rules.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
5. EDUCATIONAL
SERVICES(only
privatelyfunded
services)
A. PrimaryEducation
Services(CPC921)1)F:Conditionofnationality.However,third
countrynationalsmayobtainauthorization
fromcompetentauthoritiestoestablish
anddirectaneducationinstitutionandto
teach.
FIN,S:Unbound1)I:Conditionofnationalityforservice
providerstobeauthorizedtoissueState
recognizeddiplomas.
FIN,S:Unbound
2)FIN,S:Unbound.
3)FIN,S:Unbound.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
FIN,S:Unbound.
F:Conditionofnationality.However,third
countrynationalsmayobtainauthorization
fromcompetentauthoritiestoestablish
anddirectaneducationinstitutionandto
teach.
I: Conditionofnationalityforservice
providerswhoareauthorizedtoissueState
recognizeddiplomas.
GR:Conditionofnationalityforteachers.2)FIN,S:Unbound.
3)FIN,S:Unbound.
GR:MajorityofmembersoftheBoardmustbe
ofGreeknationality.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
FIN,S:Unbound.
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
B. SecondaryEducation
Services(CPC922)1)FIN,S:Unbound.
F:Conditionofnationality.However,third
countrynationalsmayobtainauthorization
fromcompetentauthoritiestoestablish
anddirectaneducationinstitutionandto
teach.
2)FIN,S:Unbound
3)FIN,S:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
FIN,S:Unbound
F:Conditionofnationality.However,third
countrynationalsmayobtainauthorization
fromcompetentauthoritiestoestablish
anddirectaneducationinstitutionandto
teach.
I: Conditionofnationalityforservice
providerstobeauthorizedtoissueState
recognizeddiplomas.
GR:Conditionofnationalityforteachers.1)FIN,S:Unbound.
I:Conditionofnationalityforservice
providerstobeauthorizedtoissueState
recognizeddiplomas.
2)FIN,S:Unbound
3)FIN,S:Unbound
GR:MajorityofmembersoftheBoardmustbe
ofGreeknationality.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
FIN,S: Unbound
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
C. HigherEducation
Services(CPC923)1)F:Conditionofnationality.However,third
countrynationalscanhaveauthorization
fromcompetentauthoritiestoestablish
anddirectaneducationinstitutionandto
teach.
A,FIN,S:Unbound
2)A,FIN,S:Unbound
3)E,I:Needstestforopeningofprivate
universitiesauthorizedtoissuerecognized
diplomasordegrees;procedureinvolves
anadviceoftheParliament.
A,FIN,S:Unbound
GR:Unboundforeducationinstitutions
grantingrecognizedStatediplomas.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A,FIN,S:Unbound
DK:Conditionofnationalityforprofessors
F:Conditionofnationality.However,third
countrynationalsmayobtainauthorization
fromcompetentauthoritiestoestablish
anddirectaneducationinstitutionandto
teach.
I: Conditionofnationalityforservice
providerstobeauthorizedtoissueState
recognizeddiplomas.1)I:Conditionofnationalityforservice
providerstobeauthorizedtoissueState
recognizeddiplomas.
A,FIN,S:Unbound
2)A,FIN,S:Unbound
3)A,FIN,S:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A,FIN,S:Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
CSS-EJP UnboundexceptforFandL
where:concerningthetemporaryentryof
professorsasindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionbutwithoutapplication ofa
numericalceilingandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
F:Theprofessorshaveobtainedan
employmentcontractfromauniversityor
otherhighereducationinstitution.
- Theworkpermitisdeliveredfora
periodnotexceedingninemonths
renewableforthedurationofthe
contract.
- Compliancewithaneconomicneeds
testisrequiredunlessthose
professorsaredesignateddirectlyby
theMinisterinchargeifhigher
education.
- Therecruitinginstitutionmustpaya
taxtotheInternationalMigration
Office.
CSS-IP:UnboundCSS-EJP UnboundexceptforFandL
whereunboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
CSS-IP: Unbound
D. AdultEducation
Services(CPC924;for
ACPC9240except
educationservicesfor
adultsbymeansof
radioortelevision
broadcasting)1)2)3)FIN,S:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
FIN,S:Unbound.1)2)3)FIN,S:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
FIN,S:Unbound.
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
6. ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES64
(S:theofferdoesnot
includepublic
worksfunctions
whetherowned
andoperatedby
municipalities,
stateorfederal
governmentsor
contractedoutby
these
governments)
A. WaterforHumanUse
andWastewater
Management
A. WasteWaterservices
(CPC9401)
correspondsto
SewageDisposal
Services1) Unbound*
2)FIN:UnboundNone
3)FIN:UnboundNone
4)ICT,BVandCSS-EJPUnboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowinglimitations:
FIN:Unbound
CSS-IP:Unbound1) Unbound*
2)FIN:UnboundNone
3)FIN:UnboundNone
4)ICT,BVandCSS-EJPUnboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowinglimitations:
FIN:Unbound
CSS-IP:Unbound
(iii)Unbound (iii)Unbound
64The classification of the env ironmental services is listed accor ding to the classification proposal i nclude d in Job. 7612.*Acommitmentonthismodeofsupplyisnotfeasible.*Acommitmentonthismodeofsupplyisnotfeasible.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
B. Solid/Hazardous
WasteManagement
B. RefuseDisposal
Services(CPC9402)1) Unbound*
2)3)None
4)ICT,BVandCSS-EJPUnboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsection1) Unbound*
2)3) None
4)ICTandBVAllMemberStates exceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSS-IP:Unbound
(iii)UnboundCSS-EJP Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection
CSS-IP: Unbound
C. SanitationandSimilar
Services(CPC9403)1) Unbound*
2)3)FIN:UnboundNone
4)ICT,BVandCSS-EJPUnboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowinglimitations:
FIN:UnboundA: commercialpresence
required
CSS-IP: Unbound1)Unbound*
2)3)FIN:UnboundNone
4)ICT,BVandCSS-EJPUnboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsection
andsubjecttothefollowinglimitations:
FIN:Unbound
CSS-IP:Unbound
(iii)Unbound (iii)Unbound
*Acommitmentonthismodeofsupplyisnotfeasible.*Acommitmentonthismodeofsupplyisnotfeasible.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
C. ProtectionofAmbient
AirandClimate
(CPC9404)
correspondsto
CleaningServicesof
ExhaustGases1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
FIN:None
2) None
3)S:Governmentownedmonopolyforcontrol
servicesofexhaust-gasfromcarsand
trucks.Suchservicesmustbeofferedona
non-profitbasis.
4)ICTandBVandCSS-EJP:Unboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowinglimitations:
A:commercialpresencerequired1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
FIN:None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBVAllMemberStates exceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSS-IP Unbound CSS-EJP Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection
CSS-IP:Unbound
D. Remediationand
CleanupofSoiland
Waters
Treatment,
remediationof
contaminated/
pollutedsoiland
water
(partofCPC94060)
correspondstopartsof
NatureandLandscape
protectionServices1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
FIN:None
2)3) None
4)ICT,BVandCSS-EJP:Unboundexcept
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionandsubjecttothefolowing
limiations:
A:commercialpresencerequired.1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
FIN:None
2)3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMembeStatesexcept
FIN:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSS-IP:UnboundCSS-EJP:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection.
CSS-IP:Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
E. NoiseandVibration
Abatemennt
(CPC9405)1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
FIN:None
2)3) UnboundexceptA,FIN,S:None
4)ICT,BVandCSS-EJPUnboundexceptA,
FIN,S:unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A:commercialpresencerequired1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
FIN:None
2)3) UnboundexceptA,FIN,S:None
4)ICTandBVAllMemberStatesexcept
FIN:UnboundexceptA,S:unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontalsection
FIN:None
CSS-IP:UnboundCSS-EJP Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection.
CSS-IP:Unbound
F. Protectionof
Biodiversityand
Landscape
NatureandLandscape
ProtectionServices
(partofCPC9406)1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Noneforadvisoryservices
FIN:None
2)3) None
4)ICT,BVandCSS-EJPUnboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowinglimitations:
A:commercialpresencerequired
CSS-IP:Unbound.1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Noneforadvisoryservices
FIN:None
2)3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSS-EJP Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection
CSS-IP:Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
G. OtherEnvironmental
andAncillary
Services(CPC94090)
D. OtherEnvironmental
Protection
Services(CPC9409)1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Noneforadvisoryservices.
FIN:None
2)3) None
4)ICT,BVandCSS-EJPUnboundexceptas
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionand
subjecttothefollowinglimitations:
A:commercialpresencerequired1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Noneforadvisoryservices.FIN:None
2)3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSS-IP: Unbound CSS-EJPUnboundexceptasindicateinthe
horizontalsection
CSS-IP:Unbound
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR65
1. The Co mmunities and t heir Membe r States undertake c ommitments o n Financial Services in acco rdance with t he pr ovisions of the "Understan ding on Co mmitments
in Financial Services" (the Unde rstanding) .
2. These commitments are subject to the limitations on market access and n ational treatment in the "all sectors" section of this sche dule an d to th ose relating to t he
subsectors listed below.
3. The market access commitments in respect of modes ( 1) an d (2) apply o nly to the transactions indicated i n para graphs B.3 and B.4 of the m arket access section of t he
Understanding respectively.
4. Notwithstanding note 1. ab ove, the market access and national treatme nt commitme nts in respect of mode (4)on financial s ervices are th ose in the "all sectors"
section of this schedule, e xcept f or Sweden i n which case com mitments are made in acco rdance with t he Understan ding.
5. The admission to the market of new financial services or products may be subject to the existence of, and c onsistency with, a regulator y framew ork aimed at
achieving the objectives indicated in Article 2(a ) of t he Financial Services Annex .
6. As a general rule a nd in a non-discriminator y man ner, fi nancial institutions incor porated in a Membe r State of the Com munity must ado pt a specific legal f orm.
65Unlike foreig n subsidiaries, branches establis hed directly in a Member State bya non-Commu nity financial institut ion are not, with certain limited except ions, subject toprudent ial
regulatio ns harmo nised at Communit y level which enable such subsidiaries to benefit from enhanced facili ties to set upnew establishments and to provide cross-bord er services throughoutthe
Communit y. Therefore, such branc hes receive an authorisati on to operate inthe territ ory ofa Member State under conditions equivale nt to those applied to domestic financial instit utions of that
Member State, andmay be required to satisf y a number ofspecific pruden tial requirements such as, in the case of banking and securi ties, separate capitalisation andother solvency requirements
and rep orting an d publicatio n of accoun ts requ irements or, in the case of insurance, specific guarantee anddeposit requirements, a separate capitalisatio n, and the localisation in the Member State
concerned of the assets representing the techn ical reserves and at least one third of the solvency margin . Member States may apply the restrictio ns indicated in this sched ule only with regard to
the direct establis hment from a third country of a commercial presence or tothe provisio n of cross-bo rder services from a third country; conseq uentl y, a Member State may not apply these
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
A. Insurance a nd
Insurance-R elated
Services1)     A: Promotional activity a nd interm ediation
on beh alf of a subsidiary not established
in the Co mmunity or of a branc h not
established in Austria (except f or
reinsurance an d retr ocession) are
prohibited .
A: Comp ulsory air  i nsurance ,except f or
insurance of international commercial
air transport, can be underwritten only
by a subsidiary established in the
Commu nity o r bya bra nch established in
Austria.
DK: Comp ulsory air tra nsport insur ance can
be und erwritten o nly b y firms established
in the Co mmunity .1)  A: Higher pre mium tax is d ue fo r insurance
contracts (except for contracts on
reinsurance an d retr ocession) which are
written by a subsidiar y not established in
the Comm unity or by a b ranch not
established in Austria.  Exception from the
higher tax can be granted.The Eur opean
Commu nities and their
Member States undertake
additional com mitments as
contained in the
attachment.
DK: No persons or compa nies (includin g
insurance com panies) may for business
purposes in Denmark assist in effecting
direct insurance for persons resident in
Denmark, f or Danish ships o r for
propert y in Den mark, other t han
insurance com panies licensed by Danish
law or by Da nish compete nt autho rities.
D: Comp ulsory air i nsurance policies can be
underwritten only by a su bsidiary
established in the Com munity o r by a
branch established in Germany .
restrictions, including those concernin g establis hment, to third-c ountry subsi diaries established in other Member States of the Commu nity, unless these restrictio ns can also be applied to
companies or natio nals of other Member States i n conf ormity with Commun ity law.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
D: If a fo reign i nsurance c ompany has
established a branch i n German y, it may
conclude i nsurance c ontracts in German y
relating to inter national transpor t only
throug h the branc h established in
Germany.
E, I: Unboun d for the actu arial pr ofession.
FIN: Only insurers havi ng their head office in
the Euro pean Comm unity o r having their
branch i n Finland ma y offer insu rance
services as referred to i n sub-pa ragrap h 3
(a) of t he Understan ding.
FIN: The supply of insu rance b roker services
is subject to a permane nt place o f
business in the Euro pean Comm unity.
F: Insurance of risks relating t o ground
transport may be car ried o ut only by
insurance firms established in the
Commu nity.
I: Insurance of risks relating t o c.i.f. e xports
by residents in Italy may be un derwritten
only b y insuranc e firms established in the
Commu nity.
I: Transport insura nce o f goods, insura nce
of vehicles as such an d liability insurance
regardin g risks located in Italy may be
underwritten only by insur ance
companies established in the C omm unity.
This reservation d oes not ap ply for
international transp ort inv olving impo rts
into Italy.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
P: Air and maritime tra nsport insura nce,
covering goods, aircraft, hull an d liability
can be u nderwritten only by fir ms
established in the EC; o nly pers ons or
companies established in the E C ma y act
as intermediaries for such insurance
business in Portugal.
S: The supply of direct insurance is allowed
only thr ough an i nsurance service
supplier auth orised in Sweden, provided
that the forei gn service sup plier an d the
Swedish insurance compa nybelong to
the same gro up of com panies or have an
agreement o f cooperation between the m.
2)A: Promotional activity and i ntermediation
on beh alf of a subsidiary not established
in the Co mmunity or of a branc h not
established in Austria (except f or
reinsurance an d retr ocession) are
prohibited .
A: Comp ulsory air  i nsurance ,except f or
insurance of international commercial
air transport, can be un derwritten o nly
by a subsidiary established in the
Commu nity o r bya bra nch established in
Austria.2)  A: Higher pre mium tax is d ue fo r insurance
contracts (except for contracts on
reinsurance an d retr ocession) which are
written by a subsidiar y not established in
the Comm unity or by a b ranch not
established in Austria. Exception from the
higher tax can be granted.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
DK: Comp ulsory air tra nsport insur ance can
be und erwritten o nly b y firms established
in the Co mmunity .
DK: No persons or compa nies (includin g
insurance com panies) may for business
purposes in Denmark assist in effecting
direct insurance for persons resident in
Denmark, f or Danish ships o r for
propert y in Den mark, other t han
insurance com panies licensed by Da nish
law or by Da nish compete nt autho rities.
D: Comp ulsory air i nsurance policies can be
underwritten only by a su bsidiary
established in the Com munity o r by a
branch established in Germany .
D: If a fo reign i nsurance c ompany has
established a branch i n German y, it may
conclude i nsurance c ontracts in German y
relating to inter national transpo rt only
throug h the branc h established in
Germany.
F: Insurance of risks relating t o ground
transport may be car ried o ut only by
insurance firms established in the
Commu nity. 
I: Insurance of risks relating t o c.i.f. e xports
by residents in Italy may be un derwritten
only b y insuranc e firms established in the
Commu nities.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
I: Transport insura nce o f goods, insura nce
of vehicles as such an d liability insurance
regardin g risks located in Italy may be
underwritten only by insur ance
companies established in the C omm unity.
This reservation d oes not ap ply for
international transp ort inv olving impo rts
into Italy.
P: Air and maritime tra nsport insura nce,
covering goods, aircraft, hull an d liability
can be u nderwritten only by fir ms
established in the EC; o nly pers ons or
companies established in the E C ma y act
as intermediaries for such insurance
business in Portugal.
3) A: The licence fo r branch offices of foreig n
insurers has to be denied if the insurer , in
the home c ountr y, does not have a legal
form c orrespo nding or compara ble to a
joint stock compa ny or a m utual
insurance association.
B: Any pu blic bid to acquire Belgian
securities made by o r onbehalf of a
person, co mpan y orinstitution outside the
jurisdiction of one o f the Memb er States
of the E uropea n Commu nity shall be
submitted to the aut horisation o f the
Minister of Finance. E:
Before establishing a branch or
agency in Spain to provi de certain classes
of insurance , a foreign i nsurer m ust have
been auth orised to operate in th e same
classes of insurance in its countr y of
origin f or at least five yea rs.3)  FIN: The gene ral agent of the foreig n insuran ce
compan y shall  have his place of residence
in Finland, u nless the company has its head
office in the European Commu nity.
S:Non-life insurance unde rtakings n ot
incorpo rated in Swede n con ducting
business in Sweden are - instead o f bein g
taxed accor ding to the net result - subject
to taxation based on the premiu m inco me
from di rect insurance operations.
S:A foun der o f an insu rance com pany shall
be a natural person resident in  the
Europea n Commu nityora legal entity
incorpo rated in the Eu ropea n Co mmunit y.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
E, GR:   The right of establishm ent d oes not
cover the c reation of representative
offices or ot her pe rmane nt presence of
insurance com panies, except w here such
offices are established as agencies,
branchesor head offices subsidiarie s.
FIN: The managi ng di rector, at least one
auditor an d at least one half of t he
promote rs and mem bers of the b oard of
directors and t he super visory b oard of an
insurance com pany shall have their place
of residence in the Eu ropea n Commu nity,
unless the Ministry of Social Affairs an d
Health has granted a n exem ption.
FIN: Foreign insurers ca nnot get a licence in
Finland as a branc h to car ry on statutory
pension i nsurance. social insurances
(statutory pensio n insurance , statutory
accident insurance) .
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
F: The establishment of branches is subject
to a special authorisation for th e
representative of the bra nch.
I: Access to actuarial profession thr ough
natural perso ns only. Pr ofessional
associations (no incor poratio n) amo ng
natural perso ns permitted.
I: The autho risation of t he establishment of
branches is ultimately subject to the
evaluation o f super visory aut horities.
IRL: The right of establishment d oes not co ver
the creation o f representative of fices.
P: Foreign com panies may ca rry o ut
insurance interme diation in Port ugal o nly
throug h a co mpan y formed in accor dance
with the law of a Comm unity Membe r
State.
P: In or der to establish a b ranch in Portu gal,
foreign compa nies need to demo nstrate
prior o perationalexperienceofatleastfive
years(fouryearsforintermediation
activities).
S: Foreign com panies may only establish as
a subsidiary or t hrough a resident age nt.
S: Insurance broki ng underta kings not
incorpo rated in Swede n may establish a
commercial presence only through a
branch.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
4)ICT and BVUnbound exc ept as indicated in
the horizo ntal section and su bject to the
following specific limitations
conditions:
GR: A majority of the mem bers of the board
of directo rs of a c ompan y established in
Greece shall be nationals of one of the
Member States of the C ommun ity.4) ICT andBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionand subject to the
following specific limitations:
A: The manage ment o f a bra nch o ffice m ust
consist of two natural persons r esident in
Austria.
DK: The gene ral agent of an i nsuran ce branc h
will need to have resided in De nmark for
the last two years unless being a national
of one of the Member States of t he
Commu nity.  T he Minister of B usiness
and In dustry ma y gra nt exem ption.
DK: Residency re quireme nt for managers and
the members o f the b oard of directors of a
compan y.  Howeve r, the Minis ter of
Business and In dustry ma y gra nt
exemption from this requireme nt.
Exemption is g ranted on a
non-discriminato ry basis.
E, I: Residence req uirement f or actu arial
profession.
CSS Unbound CSS Unboun d
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
B. Bankin g and Other
Financial Services
(excludin g insurance )1)66
B: Establishment in Belgium is required for
the pro vision of i nvestment adviso ry
services.
I: Unboun d for "p romot ori di servizi
finanziari" (fi nancial salesmen).
IRL: The pr ovision of investment services or
investment advice re quires either (I)
authorisation in Ireland , which normally
requires that the e ntity be inc orporated or
be a partne rship o r a sole trader , in each
case with a head/registered o ffice in
Ireland (a uthorisation may n ot be
required in certain cases, e.g. where a
third cou ntry ser vice pro vider h as no
commercial presence in Irela nd an d the
service is not pro vided t o private
individuals), or (II) aut horisation in
another Mem ber State in accor dance with
the EC I nvestment Services Directive.1) None The Eur opean
Commu nities and their
Member States undertake
additional com mitments as
contained in the
attachment.
66I: Provisio n and transfer of financial informatio n and financial data processing entaili ng tradin g of financial instruments may be prohibited where the protecti on of invest ors is likely to
be seriousl y prejudiced . Only authorised banks and investment firms must compl y with conduct of business rules inproviding investment advice concernin g financial instruments and advice to
underta kings on capital structure, industrial strateg y and related matters, and advice andservice relating to mergers and acquisitio n of underta kings. Advisor y activ ity shouldnot include asset
management.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
2)67
D: Issues of securities denominated i n
Deutschmarks can be lea d mana ged o nly
by a cre dit institution, subsidiary or
branch, established in Germany .
FIN: Payments from gover nmental e ntities
(expenses) shall be tra nsmitted throu gh
the Finnish Postal Giro system, which is
maintained b y the Postipank ki Ltd.
Exemption from this require ment may be
granted on special reason by th e Ministry
of Finance.
GR: Establishment is required f or the
provision of custodial a nd depository
services involving t he administration of
interest and princi pal pay ments due on
securities is sued in Greece.
UK: Sterling issues, including pri vately led
issues, can be lead manage d onl y by a
firm established in the E uropean
Commu nity.2) None
67I: Authorised persons enabled to conduct collective asset management are deemed responsi ble foranyinvestment activit y conducted by their delegated advisers (Collective asset
management, exclud ing UCITS).
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
3) All Member States:
- The establishment of a specialised
management c ompa ny is req uired to
perfor m the activities of
management of unit trusts and
investment compa niesArticles 6 and
13 of UCITS Directive,
85/611/E EC).
- Only firms havi ng their registered
office in the Com munity c an act as
depositories of the assets of
investment fun dsArticles 8.1 and
15.1 of the U CITS Directive,
85/611/E EC).3) F: In additio n to Frenc h credit ins titutions,
issues denominated in Frenc h francs may
be lead mana ged only by Frenc h
subsidiaries (under Fre nch law )of
non-Frenc h ban ks which are a uthorised,
based on suf ficient means an d
commitments in Paris of the ca ndidate
French subsidiary of a non-Fren ch bank.
These conditions ap ply to lea d banks
runnin g the books. A non-Fre nch bank
may be, with out restrictions or
requireme nt to establish, jointly-l ead or
co-lead mana ger o f Eur ofranc bond issue.
A: Only members o f the Austrian Stoc k
Exchange may e ngage i n securities
trading at the Stoc k Exc hange.
A: For trading i n foreign e xchan ge an d
foreign curre ncy a uthorisation of the
Austrian National Bank is require d.
A: Mortgage b onds a nd m unicipal b onds
may be issued b y ban ks specialised and
authorised f or this activity.
A: For carryin g out services of pensio n fund
management a specialised compan y onl y
for this activity an d inco rporate d as a
stock compan y in Austria is req uired.
B: Any pu blic bid to acquire Belgian
securities made by o r onbehalf of a
person, co mpan y orinstitution outside the
jurisdiction of one o f the Memb er States
of the E uropea n Commu nity shall be
submitted to the aut horisation o f the
Minister of Finance.I: Representative o ffices of f oreig n
intermediaries cannot carry outactivities
aimed at pro viding investment services.
S: A foun der o f a ba nking compan yshall be
a natural pe rson resident in theEuropea n
Commu nity o r a fo reign bank. A founde r
of a savings ba nk shall be a nat ural person
resident in  the E uropean C omm unity.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
DK: Financial institutions may engage in
securities trading on t he Co penha gen
Stock Exchan ge only thr ough subsidiaries
incorpo rated in De nmark.
E: Financial institutions may engage in
securities trading in securities listed on an
official stock excha nge or in th e
gover nment securities market o nly
throug h securities firms incorp orated in
Spain.
FIN: At least one half of t he fo unders, the
members of t he boa rd of direct ors, the
supervisory board and the delegates, the
managing director , the h older o f the
procur ation an d the person e ntitled to
sign in the name of the credit institution
shall have their place of residen ce in the
Europea n Commu nity, u nless the
Ministry of Finance g rants an e xemption .
At least one auditor shall ha ve his place
of residence in the Eu ropea n Commu nity.
FIN: At least one half of the f ounders, the
member s of the board of directors, at
least one ordinary and one deputy
member of the supervi sory board, the
managing directors, and the person
entitled to sign in the name of the
credit institution s hall have their
permanent resi dence in the European
Commun ity. Exemption from these
requireme nts may be granted by the
Financial Supervi sion Authority. At
least one auditor shall have his
permanent resi dence in the European
Commun ity.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
FIN: The br oker (individ ual perso n) on
derivative exc hange shall have his place
of residence in the Eu ropea n Commu nity.
Exemption from this require ment may be
granted unde r the co nditions set by t he
Ministry of Finance.
FIN: Payments from gover nmental e ntities
(expenses) shall be tra nsmitted throu gh
the Finnish Postal Giro System, which is
maintained b y the Postipank ki  Ltd.
Exemption from this require ment may be
granted on special reason by th e Ministry
of Finance.
GR: Financial institutions may engage in the
trading o f securities listed on the Athens
Stock Exchan ge only thr ough stock
exchange firms inco rporate d in Greece.
GR: For the establishment and operatio ns of
branches a mi nimum am ount o f foreign
exchange must be imp orted, converted
intodrachmas Euros and k ept in Greece
as long as a forei gn bank c ontinues to
operate in Greece:
- Up to fo ur (4) branches this
minimum is curre ntly eq ual to half
of the minim um am ount of share
capital required fora credit
institution to be inco rporated in
Greece;
- For the ope ration of ad ditional
branches the minimum a mount of
capital must be equal t o the
minimum share ca pital required for
a credit institution to be
incorpo rated in Greece .
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
I: In pr ovidin g the activity of door-to-d oor
selling, intermediaries must utilise
authorised fina ncial salesmen resident
within the territory of aMember State of
the Euro pean Comm unities.
I: Clearing a nd settlement of secu rities may
be con ducted only by the official clearin g
system. A company a uthorised by th e
Bank of Italy i n agree ment with C onsob
could be entrusted with the activity of
clearing, u p to the final settlement of
securities.
I:      The pu blic offe r of secu rities (as provide d
for u nder Art. 18 of Law 216/7 4) other
than shares, debt secu rities (including
convertible debt securities) can only be
made by Italian limited com panies,
foreign compa nies duly a uthorised,
public b odies or c ompanies belo nging to
local authorities whose assigned capital is
not below Lit 2 billion.
I: Persons (natural or legal) who intend
to of fer to the public financial
instrume nts in a place other than their
registered offices or establishments
(door-to -door selling, including any
technique of distance sel ling), are
required to make use of intermed iaries
duly authorised to provide investment
services in Italy
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
I: Centralised dep osit, custody an d
administration services can be provided
only b y the Bank of Italy forGover ment
securities, or by Mo nte Titoli SpA fo r
shares, securities of a participating nature
and othe r bonds trade d in a regulated
market. In order to be authorised to
manage central securities depository
services with an establi shment i n Italy,
companies are require d to be
incorporated in Italy.
I: In the case of collective investment
schemes other than harm onised UCITS
harmonised under EC legislation under
the directive 8 5/611/E EC, thetrustee/
depository  is re quired to be i ncorporated
in Italy, o r in an other Mem ber State of
the EC and European Com munities,
being established thr ough a b ranch i n
Italy. Mana gement companies of
UCITS not harmonise d under EC
legislation are also required to be
incorporated in Italy.
I: Only banks, i nsurance c ompanies,
securities investment companies
investment firms an d companie s
managing UCITS harmonised under
EC legislation havin g their legal head
office in the ECEuropea n Commu nities,
as  well as UCITS incorporated in
Italy, may ca rry out the activity of
pension fu nd resources mana gement.
Management co mpanies (closed-e nd
funds an d real estate fun ds) are also
required to be i ncorp orated i n Italy.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
IRL: In the case of collective investment
schemes constituted as unit trusts and
variable capital com panies (othe r than
undertaki ngs for collective investment i n
transferable securities, UCITS), the
trustee/depositary and managem ent
compan y is require d to be incor porated in
Ireland or in a nother Member State of the
Commu nity. I n the case o f an in vestment
limited partnership, at least one gene ral
partner m ust be inco rporate d in I reland.
IRL: To become a membe r ofa stock
exchange in Irela nd, a n entity m ust either
(I) be a uthorised in Irelan d, which
requires that it be inc orporated or be a
partnership, with a head/re gistered of fice
in Ireland , or (II)be aut horised in a nothe r
Member State in accor dance with the EC
Investment Services Directive.
IRL: The pr ovision of investment services or
investment advice re quires either (I)
authorisation in Ireland , which normally
requires that the e ntity be inc orporated or
be a partne rship o r a sole trader , in each
case with a head/registered o ffice in
Ireland (t he super visory aut hority may
also authorise bra nches of t hird co untry
entities), or (II ) auth orisation in an other
Member State in accor dance with the EC
Investment Services Directive.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
P: The establishment of non-E C banks is
subject to an auth orisation issued, o n a
case-by-case basis, by the Minister o f
Finance. The establishment has to
contribute to increase the national
bankin g system's efficiency o r has to
produce significant ef fects on the
internationalisation of the Portu guese
econom y.
P: The services of ve nture ca pital may n ot
be pro vided by branc hes of ven ture
capital companies ha ving their head
office in a non-EC c ountr y. Broker-dealer
services on the Lisbon Stock Exc hange
may be provi ded b y broker and dealer
companies inco rporate d in Port ugal or by
branches o f investment fi rms autho rised
in another EC c ountr y and auth orised in
their home c ountry to provide those
services. Broker and dealer services in
the Oporto Deri vatives Exchan ge and in
the OTC mar ket may not be provided by
branches o f non-EC broker/dealer
companies.  Pension fund mana gement
may be provi ded o nly b y specialised
companies inco rporate d in Port ugal for
that purpose and by i nsurance
companies established in Portu gal and
authorised to ta ke up the life insura nce
business.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
UK: Inter-dealer brokers, which are acatego ry
of fina ncial institutions dealing in
Governme nt debt, a re req uired t o be
established in the Eur opean Comm unity
and separately ca pitalised.
S: Undertakings n ot inco rporated in Sweden
may establish a commercial presence
only thr ough a b ranch , and in case of
banks, also thr ough a rep resentative
office.
4)ICT and BVUnbound exc ept as indicated in
the horizo ntal section and su bject to the
following specific limitation conditio ns:
F: Sociétés d'investissement à capital fixe:
condition of natio nality fo r the president
of the Board of Directo rs, the
Directors-General and no less tha n two
thirds of the a dministrators, and also,
when the securities firm has a
Supervisory Boar d orCouncil, f or the
members of suc h boa rd or its
Director-General, an d no less than two
thirds of the members o f the supe rvisory
Council.
GR: Credit institutions should name at least
two persons who a re respo nsible for t he
operations o f the institution. Condition o f
residency ap plies to these persons.4)ICT and BVUnbound exc ept as indicated in
the horizo ntal section and subje ct to the
following specific limitations:
I: Conditio n ofresidence within t heterritor y
of a Membe r State of the E uropean
Commu nities for "p romot ori di s ervizi
finanziari" (fi nancial salesmen) .
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
8. HEALTHSERVICES
ANDSOCIAL
SERVICES
A. HospitalServices
(CPC9311)1) Unbound
2)FIN,S:Unbound1) Unbound
2)FIN,S:Unbound
3)FIN,S:Unbound.
B:Thenumberofbedsanduseofheavy
medicalequipmentislimitedonthebasis
ofahealthplan.Theneedstest isin
functionofthedegreeofspecialization,
theircapacityandequipment.Thecriteria
arefixed,arithmeticalrulesorformulae
designedtocalculatetheneedsinfunction
ofthepopulation,agescale,deathrateand
geographicalspread.3)FIN,S:Unbound.
A:Limitationofthenumberofbeds;
authorizationrequiredaccordingtothe
nationalhealth-serviceplanisbasedonthe
criteriaofneed;whenauthorizingthe
establishmentofhospitalsdue
considerationonacase-by-casebasisis
takenofthedensityofpopulation,existing
facilities,trafficinfrastructure,
topographicalconditionsandthedistance
betweenhospitals.
F,I,L:Thenumberofbedsauthorizedis
limitedbyahealthservicesplan
establishedonthebasisofneeds.
F,I,L,P:Equipmentofheavymaterialis
limitedbyahealthservicesplan
establishedonthebasisofneeds.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
I:Privatehealthandsanitaryservicesneed
authorizationbylocalhealthauthorities.
Criteriaarebasedonaratioinfunctionof
population.
NL:Quantitativeeconomicneedstestfixedby
ahealthplanallowingforamaximum
numberofbedsrelatedtothepopulation
ofeachhealthregion.
E:Priorauthorizationisrequiredbythe
"ComunidadesAutónomas"basedonan
economic
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
FIN,S:Unbound.
F:Accesstomanagementfunctionsissubject
topriorauthorization.Ingrantingthe
authorizationconditionssuchas
professionalexperienceandskills,
availabilityoflocalmanagersanddegree
ofspecializationrequired,aretakeninto
consideration.
GR: Conditionofnationalityforpublic
hospitals.4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
FIN,S:Unbound.
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
B. Otherhumanhealth
servicesprovided
thoughresidential
healthfacilitieslike
healthresorthotelsand
therapeuticbath
services(CPC93193)1) Unbound
2)3) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptA:unboundexcept
asindicatedinthehorizontalsection1) Unbound
2)3) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptA:unboundexcept
asindicatedinthehorizontalsection
CSSUnbound CSS Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
C. SocialServices
(AllMemberStates
exceptA:Only
ConvalescentandRest
Houses,OldPeople's
Homes.A:allCPC
933)1) Unbound
2)FIN,S:Unbound
3)FIN,S:Unbound
F:Provisionofservicesispermittedbythe
competentauthoritiesaccordingtolocal
needs.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
FIN,S:Unbound
F:Accesstomanagementfunctionissubject
topriorauthorization.Ingrantingthe
authorizationconditionssuchas
professionalexperienceandskills,
availabilityoflocalmanagersanddegree
ofspecializationrequired,aretakeninto
consideration.
A:commercialpresencerequired1) Unbound
2)FIN,S:Unbound
3)FIN,S:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
FIN,S:Unbound.
CSSUnbound CSS Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
9. TOURISMAND
TRAVELRELATED
SERVICES
A. Hotels,Restaurants
andCatering
(CPC641,642,643)
(excludingcateringin
transportservices
sectorexceptinA,FIN,
S)1) AllMemberStatesexceptAandFIN:
unboundexceptforcatering:none
FIN:None
A:Unbound
2) None
3)E,GR,P,I:Authorizationcanbedeniedin
ordertoprotectareasofparticularhistoric
andartisticinterest.
I:Economicsneedstestsappliedona
nationaltreatmentbasisonbars,cafes
andrestaurants.Theeconomicsneeds
test,whenapplied,setsalimitonthe
numberofserviceproviders.Main
criteria:thenumberofandimpacton
existingserviceproviders,population
density,geographicspread,impacton
trafficconditionsandcreation ofnew
employment.Localeconomicneedstest
onopeningofnewbars,cafésand
restaurants;authorizationcanbedeniedin
ordertoprotectareasofparticularhistoric
andartisticinterest.1) AllMemberStatesexceptA,FINandS:
Unboundexceptforcatering:none
FINandS:None
A:Unbound
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
F:Cafésandbars:conditionofnationality.4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSS Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
B. TravelAgenciesand
TourOperators
Services(includingtour
managers)(CPC7471)1)S:Requirementofestablishment.
2) None
3)B:Authorizationfornon-ECincorporated
companiestoactastravelagenciesis
possibleonlyifthecompanyhasa
permanentbaseinBelgium(siège
d'opérationspermanent)andiftheperson
directingthedailyoperations(orthe
personaskingfortheauthorization)isan
ECnational.1) None
2) None
3) None
P:Requirementofconstitutionofa
commercialcompanyhavingits corporate
baseinPortugal.
I:Economicneedstest.
FIN:LicenceoftheNationalConsumer
Administrationisrequired.Licencemay
begrantedonlytoFinnishcitizensand
Finnishregisteredorganizations.
S:Requirementofestablishment.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
GR:FortravelagenciesaAccesslimitedto
twopersonsperentity.
FIN:LicenceoftheNationalConsumer
Administrationisrequired.Licencemay
begrantedonlytoFinnishcitizensand
Finnishregisteredorganizations.4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSS-EJP:UnboundexceptforA,B,D,DK,
I,FIN,IRL,Swhere:asindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionbutwithout
applicationofanumericalceilingand
subjecttothefollowingspecific
limitations:CSS-EJP:UnboundexceptforA,B,D,DK,
I,FIN,IRL,Swhere:uUnboundexcept
asindicatedinthehorizontalsection
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
A,B,D,DK,FIN,I,IRL,S:Unboundexcept
fortourmanagers(personswhosefunction
istoaccompanyatourgroupofa
minimumof10persons,withoutactingas
guidesinspecificlocations)whereforA,
B,D,DK,I,IRL,S:professional
certificateandthreeyears'professional
experience.
I:Compliancewithaneconomicneedstest
isrequired
CSS-IP:UnboundCSS-IP:Unbound
C. TouristGuides
Services(CPC7472)1)A,P,I:Unbound.
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
E,I:Therighttoexercisetheprofessionis
reservedforthelocalorganizationsof
touristguides.
GR,E,F,I,P:Accesstotheactivityissubjectto
conditionofnationality.1)A:UnboundNone
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
10. RECREATIONAL,
CULTURALAND
SPORTING
SERVICES(otherthan
Audio-visualServices)
A. EntertainmentServices
(includingTheatre,
LiveBandsandCircus
Services)(CPC9619)1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
AandS:none
2)FIN:Unbound
3)FIN:Unbound1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
AandS:none
2)FIN:Unbound
3)FIN:Unbound.
F,I:Unboundforsubsidiesandanyotherforms
ofdirectandindirectsupport.
S:Targetedfinancialsupporttospecificlocal,
regionalornationalactivities.
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
FIN:Unbound
F:Accesstomanagementfunctionsissubject
toauthorizationbythecompetent
authorities.Conditionofnationalityfor
managersofentertainmententerpriseif
authorizationformorethantwoyearsis
required.
I:Economicneedstest.4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
FIN:Unbound
CSS-EJP:UnboundexceptforAandF
where:asindicatedinthehorizontal
sectionbutwithoutapplication ofa
numericalceilingandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:CSS-EJP UnboundexceptforAandF
where:unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
A:accessislimitedtopersonswhosemain
professionalactivityisinthefieldoffine
arts,derivingthemajorpartoftheir
incomefromthatactivity.suchpersons
shallnotexerciseanyothercommercial
activityinAustria.CSS-IP:Unbound
F:- Theartistshaveobtainedan
employmentcontractfroman
authorizedentertainmententerprise.
- Theworkpermitisdeliveredfora
periodnotexceedingninemonths
renewableforadurationofthree
months.
- CompliancewithanEconomicNeed
Testisrequired.Maincriteria:
assessmentofthelabourmarket
situationintheareaofactivity
concernedinthegeographicalarea
wheretheserviceistobeprovided.
Theentertainmententerprisemust
payataxtotheInternational
MigrationOffice.
CSS-IP:Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
B. NewsandPress
AgencyServices
(CPC962)1) None
2) None
3)F:Foreignparticipationincompanies
publishingpublicationsintheFrench
languagemaynotexceed20percentof
thecapitalorofvotingrightsinthe
company.Pressagencies:unbound.
I:Specialanti-concentrationrulesoperatein
thedailypressandbroadcastingsectors,
specificlimitsarefixedtomultimedia
ownership.Foreigncompaniesmaynot
controlpublishingorbroadcasting
companies:foreignequityparticipation
limitedto49percent. P:
Foreignparticipation,whetherby
naturalorjuridicalpersons,inthecapital
ofpublishingcompanies,including
newspapers,islimitedto10percent,
withoutvotingrights.Newscompanies,
incorporatedinPortugalinjuridicalform
of"SociedadeAnónima",musthavethe
socialcapitalintheformofnominalstock.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations: P:
Nationalityrequirementfor
administratorsandmanagers.1)S:Residencyrequirementsforpublisherand
ownerofpublishingorprinting
company.None
2) None
3)S:Residencyrequirementsforpublisherand
ownerofpublishingorprintingcompany.
None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
S:Residencyrequirementsforpublisherand
ownerofpublishingorprintingcompany. FIN:
None
CSS Unbound CSS Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
C. Libraries,archives,
museumsandother
culturalservices
(CPC963)1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptinA:unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
section1)2)3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
A:none
4)ICTandBV:UnboundexceptinA:Unbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontalsection
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
D. SportingandOther
RecreationalServices
otherthanGambling
andBettingServices
(AllMemberStates
exceptA,FINandS:
CPC9641,96491,
excludinggambling
andbettingservices.A:
CPC964excludingski
schoolservicesand
mountainguide
services,gamblingand
bettingservices.FIN:
CPC964,exceptas
regardsi.e.gambling,
coinmachinesandlike
activities.S:CPC964
exceptforgambling
activities)1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
I:Economicneedstest.1) None
2) None
3)S:Targetedfinancialsupporttospecificlocal,
regionalornationalactivities
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSS Unbound CSS Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
11. TRANSPORT
SERVICES
A. MARITIME
TRANSPORT
SERVICES
International
Transport (freight
and passenger s) CPC
7211 and 721 2 less
cabotage transport
(as defined below –
1). Feeder services
and movement of
equip ment 9) 10)1) (a) Liner Shipp ing: none
(b) Bulk, tramp, and other international
shipping, inclu ding pas senger
transportation: none1) (a) None
(b) NoneThe following services at
the port are made
available to internati onal
maritime transport
supp liers on reasonable
and non discri minatory
terms and condition s:
1. Pilotage
2. Towing and tug
assistance
3. Provisioning,
fuelling and
watering
4. Garbage collecting
and ballast waste
disposal
5. Port Captain’s
services
6. Navigation aids
7. Shore-based
operational services
essential to ship
operations,
includ ing
communications,
water and electrical
supp lies
8. Emergency repair
facilities
9. Anchorage, berth
and berthing
services
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
2) None
3)(a) Establishme nt of registered  company
for the purpose of operating a fleet
under the national flag of the State o f
establish ment: unbou nd
(b) Other forms of commercial presence
for the supply of international
maritime transport services (as defined
below – 2): none
4)(a) Ship s’ crews: unbou nd
(b) Key personnel employed in relation to
a commercial presence as define d
under mode 3b) above:
ICT and BV:  Unbound except as indicated
in the horizontal section
CSS:  Unbou nd.2) None
3)(a) Unboun d
(b) None
4)(a) Unboun d
(b) ICT and BV:  Unbound except as
indicated in the horizontal section
CSS:  Unbou nd.
MARITIME
AUXILIAR Y
SERVICES
Maritime Cargo
Handling Services (as
defined below – 4)1) Unboun d* except for – no limitation on
transhipme nt (board to board or via
the quay) and/or on the use of on-
board cargo handling equipme nt
2) None
3) None68, except:
I: Economic needs test.
GR: Public monopoly in port areas
D: Monopoly in the port o f Bremen
4) ICT and BV:  Unbound except as indicated
in the horizontal section
CSS:  Unbou nd.1) Unboun d*  except for no limi tation on
transhipme nt (board to board or via the
quay) and/or on the use of on -board
cargo handling equipme nt
2) None
3) None
4) ICT and BV:  Unbound except as indicated
in the horizontal section
CSS:  Unbou nd.
68Public utilit y concession or licensin g procedures may a pply in case of occupati on of the publ ic domai n.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
Storage and
warehousing Services
CPC 742
Customs Clearance
Services (as defined
below – 5)1) Unboun d*
2) None
3 ) None69
4) ICT and BV:  Unbound except as indicated
in the horizontal section
CSS:  Unbou nd.
1) Unboun d*
2) None
3) None70
4)ICT and BV: Unbound except as in
horizontal section, and subject to the
following specific limitations:
I: “raccomandatorio marittimo”
S: Authorisation needed
GR: nationality condition
CSS: Unbou nd1) Unboun d*
2) None
3) None
4) ICT and BV: Unbound except as ind icated
in the horizontal section
CSS:  Unbou nd.
1) Unboun d*
2) None
3) None
4)ICT and BV: Unbound except as in
horizontal section and subject to the
following specific limitations:
DK: Requireme nt of residence
CSS: Unboun d
Container Station
and Depot Services
(as defined below – 6)1) Unboun d*
2) None
3) None71
4)ICT and BV:  Unbound except as indicated
in the horizontal section
CSS:  Unbou nd.1) Unboun d*
2) None
3) None
4) ICT and BV:  Unbound except as indicated in
the horizontal section
CSS:  Unbou nd.
69Public utilit y concession or licensin g procedures may a pply in case of occupati on of the publ ic domai n.70Public utilit y concession or licensin g procedures may a pply in case of occupati on of the publ ic domai n.
*  A commitment on t his mode o f deli very is n ot feasi ble.71Public utilit y concession or licensin g procedures may a pply in case of occupati on of the publ ic domai n.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
Maritime Agency
Services (as defined
below – 7)1) None
2) None
3) None, except for
GR: Public monopoly in port area.
D: Monopoly in the port o f Bremen
4) ICT and BV:  Unbound except as indicated
in the horizontal section
CSS:  Unbou nd.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) ICT and BV:  Unbound except as indicated in
the horizontal section
CSS:  Unbou nd.
(Maritime) Freight
Forwarding Services
(as defined below - 8)1) None
2) None
3) None
4) ICT and BV:  Unbound except as indicated
in the horizontal section and subject to
the following specific limitations:
I: “raccomandatorio marit timo”
S: Authorisation for ship’s clearance
CSS:  Unbou nd.1) None
2) None
3) None
4) ICT and BV:  Unbound except as indicated in
the horizontal section
CSS:  Unbou nd.
C. AirTransportServices
d) Maintenanceand
RepairofAircraftand
partsthereof1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
A:none
2)3)None
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
A:none
2)3)None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
SalesandMarketing 1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) FordistributionthroughCRSofair
transportservicesprovidedbyCRSparent
carrier:unbound.
2) None
3) FordistributionthroughCRSofair
transportservicesprovidedbyCRSparent
carrier:unbound.
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
ComputerReservations
System1) None
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) Forobligationsofparentorparticipating
carriersinrespectofaCRScontrolledby
anaircarrierofoneormorethird
countries:unbound.
2) None
3) Forobligationsofparentorparticipating
carriersinrespectofaCRScontrolledby
anaircarrierofoneormorethird
countries:unbound.
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsection
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
Groundhandling 1) Unbound
2) None
3) None,except that categories o f
activities depend of size of airport, the
number of providers in each airport
can be limited d ue to available-space
constraints and to not less than two
supp liers for other reasons, and non-
discrim inatory pre-approval
procedures may apply
4)ICTandBV:Unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) Unbound
2) None
3) None,except that categ ories of ac tivities
depend of size of airport, the number of
providers in each airport can be limited
due to available-space constraints and to
not less than two suppl iers for other
reasons, and non-discr iminatory pre-
approval procedures may apply
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection
CSS:Unbound CSS:Unbound
Airportmanagement
(foroperatorsof
airports)721) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
I.
I:Onlyintheformofapubliclimited
company.Cumulativeforeign
participationinairportmanagement
companiesislimitedto49%ofcapital
orofvotingrights.Italianpublicentities
musthaveaminimumof20%
ownership.
4) Unbound1) Unbound
2) Unbound
3) Unbound,exceptforconditionsapplying
toinvestmentinairportmanagement
servicescompanies.
I:None,exceptasindicatedintheMarket
Accesscolumn.
4) Unbound
CSS:Unbound CSS:Unbound
72With outprejudice to the right to take any measure deemed necessary relating to securit y and safety inany service sector the partic ular impo rtance of this right inthis sector is
stressed.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
E. RailTransportServices
d) Maintenanceand
RepairofRail
TransportEquipment
(CPC8868)1) Unbound*
2)A:Unbound
3)A:Unbound
S:Operatorsallowedtoestablishand
maintaintheirownterminalinfrastructure
facilities,subjecttospaceandcapacity
constraints73
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:Unbound1) Unbound*
2)A:Unbound
3)A:Unbound
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:Unbound
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
*Acommitmentonthismodeofsupplyisnotfeasible.73Publicutilityconcessionorlicensingproceduresmayapplyincaseofoccupationofthepublicdomain.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
F. RoadTransport
Services
a) Passenger
Transportation
(AllMemberStates
exceptFIN:CPC
71213and7122.FIN:
CPC71213,71222and
71223.S:cabotage
excluded)1) Unbound
2)A:Unbound
3) AllMemberStatesexceptFINandS:for
transportwithinaMemberState
(cabotage),byacarrierestablishedoutside
thatMemberState:unboundexceptfor
rentalofnon-scheduledservicesofbuses
withoperator(71223)74whereno
limitationwillapplyasfrom1996.
A:Unbound
S:Authorizationrequiredforcommercial
landtransportserviceoperations.
Authorizationisbasedontheapplicants
financialsituation,experienceand
capabilitytosupplytheservices.
Limitationsontheuseofleasedvehicles
forsuchoperations.
- For7122:
E:Economicneedstest.Theeconomic
needstest,whenapplied,setslimiton
thenumberofservicesuppliers.Main
criteria:Localdemand.1) Unbound
2)A:Unbound
3) AllMemberStatesexceptFINandS:
unboundfortransportwithinaMember
State(cabotage),byacarrierestablished
outsidethatMemberState.
A:Unbound
S:Requirementonestablishedentitiestouse
vehicleswithnationalregistration.
- For71221(taxiservices):
AllMemberStatesexceptinS:economic
needstest75,plus.
74IndicatesthattheservicespecifiedconstitutesonlyapartofthetotalrangeofactivitiesbytheCPCconcordance.75The economic needs test, when applied, sets a limit on the number of service suppliers. Maincriteria: Local demand as provided in applicable laws. Needstestbasedonthe
numberofservicesuppliersinthelocalgeographicarea
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
DK:Accessfornaturalpersonsonly,andlocal
establishmentrequirement.
I:Accessfornaturalpersonsonly.
- For71222(limousineservices):
DK:Accessfornaturalpersonsonly,andlocal
establishmentrequirement.
FIN:Authorisationrequired,notextendedto
foreignregisteredvehicles.
I:Accessfornaturalpersonsonly,and
economicneedstest.
P:Economicneedstest.
For71213(Intercitybussingservices):76
I,E,IRL:Economicneedstest.Theeconomic
needstest,whenapplied,setsalimiton
thenumberofservicesuppliers.Main
criteria:Theexistingpublictransport
ontherouteconcerned.
F:Unbound.
FIN:Authorisationrequired,notextendedto
foreignregisteredvehicles.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
DK:Economicneedstestandresidenceand
citizenshiprequirementforthemanager.
Authorizationisrequiredforthe
provisionofintercitybussingservices
grantedonthebasisoftheservices
provider’sspecialknowledge,
experience,certificateofgoodconduct
andadequatefinancialbasis.Residence
requirementforthemanager.
P:Accessthroughincorporationonly.
- For71223:
FIN:Authorisationrequired,notextendedto
foreignregisteredvehicles.
4)ICT(i)andBV(ii)Unboundexceptasindicated
inthehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:Unbound
DK:CitizenshipResidencerequirementfor
managers.
P:Nationalityrequirementforspecialist
personnel.4)ICT(i)andBV(ii):AllMemberStatesexcept
FIN:Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followingspecificlimitations:
A:Unbound
FIN:None
DK:Residencerequirementformanagers.
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
b)FreightTransportation
(CPC7123.S:cabotage
excluded)1) Unbound
2)A:Unbound
3) AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:unbound
fortransportwithinaMemberStatebya
carrierestablishedinanotherMember
State.
A,E:Unbound.
I:Fortransportwithinthecountry,licensing
subjecttoaneconomicneedstest.
Economicneedtest.ENT,whenapplied
setsalimitonthenumberofservice
suppliers.Maincriteria:local demand.
FIN:Authorisationrequired,notextendedto
foreignregisteredvehicles.1) Unbound
2)A:Unbound
3) AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:unbound
fortransportwithinaMemberStatebya
carrierestablishedinanotherMember
State.
A,E:Unbound.
S:Requirementonestablishedutilitiestouse
vehicleswithnationalregistration.
S:Authorizationrequiredforcommercial
landtransportserviceoperations.
Authorizationisbasedontheapplicants
financialsituation,experienceand
capabilitytosupplytheservices.
Limitationsontheuseofleasedvehicles
forsuchoperations.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A:Unbound4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A:Unbound
FIN:None
CSS Unbound CSS Unbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
d) Maintenanceand
RepairofRoad
TransportEquipment
(AllMemberStates
exceptAandFIN:CPC
6112.A:6112+8867.
FIN6112andpartsof
88)1) AllMemberStatesexceptFINandS:
None
FINandS:Unbound
2) None
3)S:Operatorsallowedtoestablishand
maintaintheirownterminalinfrastructure
facilities,subjecttospaceandcapacity
constraints.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) AllMemberStatesexceptFINandS:None
FINandS:Unbound
2) None
3) None
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
section
FIN:None
CSS Unbound CSS Unbound
H. Servicesauxiliarytoall
modesoftransport
(FIN:excluding
maritimetransport)
b) StorageandWarehouse
Services(CPC742)
(forallMemberStates
exceptAandFIN:
otherthaninports)1) Unbound*
2)3)S:UnboundNone
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandwiththefollowing
limitations
S:Unbound1) Unbound*
2)3)S:UnboundNone
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations
S:Unbound
FIN:None
CSS Unbound CSSUnbound
*Acommitmentonthismodeofsupplyisnotfeasible.
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
c) FreightTransport
Agency/Freight
ForwardingServices
(CPC748)1)2)3)S:UnboundNone
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandwiththe
followinglimitations
S:Unbound1)2)3)S:UnboundNone
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
S:Unbound
FIN:None
CSSUnbound CSS Unbound
Pre-Shipment
Inspection(CPC74977
exceptforFIN:CPC
7490only)1)2)3)A,S:Unbound
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandwiththe
followinglimitations
A,S:Unbound1)2)3)A,S:Unbound
4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations
A,S:Unbound
FIN:None
CSS Unbound CSS Unbound
I. OtherTransport
Services
(Provisionof
CombinedTransport
Service)1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
FIN:none
2)A,S:Unbound
3) None,withoutprejudicetothelimitations
affectinganygivenmodeoftransport
exceptinA,S:unbound.1) UnboundforallMemberStatesexceptfor
FIN:none
2)A,S:Unbound
3) None,withoutprejudicetothelimitations
affectinganygivenmodeoftransport
exceptinA,S:unbound.
4)ICTandBVUnboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A,S:Unbound.4)ICTandBV:AllMemberStatesexceptFIN:
Unboundexceptasindicatedinthe
horizontalsectionandsubjecttothe
followinglimitations:
A,SUnbound.
FIN:None
77IndicatesthattheservicespecifiedconstitutesonlyapartofthetotalrangeofactivitiescoveredbytheCPCconcordance
*Acommitmentonthismodeofsupplyisnotfeasible
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
12.OTHERSERVICESNOT
INCLUDED
ELSEWHERE
- Hairdressingservices
(CPC97021)1) Unbound*
2),3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
A:none
4)ICTandBV:UnboundforallMemberStates
exceptA:unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) Unbound*
2)3) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
A:none
4)ICTandBV:UnboundforallMemberStates
exceptA:unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsectionunder
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
- Cosmetictreatment,
manicuringandpedicuring
services(CPC97022)1) Unbound*
2)3) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
A:none
4)ICTandBV:UnboundforallMemberStates
exceptA:unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) Unbound*
2)3) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
A:none
4)ICTandBV:UnboundforallMemberStates
exceptA:unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
- Otherbeautytreatment
servicesn.e.c
(CPC97029)1) Unbound*
2),3)UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
A:none
4)ICTandBV:UnboundforallMemberStates
exceptA:unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection1) Unbound*
2),3) UnboundforallMemberStatesexcept
A:none
4)ICTandBV:UnboundforallMemberStates
exceptA:unboundexceptasindicatedin
thehorizontalsection
CSSUnbound CSSUnbound
Modes of sup ply: (1) Cross-bor der (2) Consumptio n abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natu ral persons
Sector or Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Trea tment Additional Commit ments
-Servicesrelatedtothe
saleofequipmentorto
theassignmentofa
patent1),2),3)Unbound
4)(I)and(ii):Unbound
(iii) UnboundexceptforFconcerningthe
temporaryentryoftechnicianswhere:as
indicatedinthehorizontalsectionbut
withoutapplicationofanumerical
ceilingandsubjecttothefollowing
specificlimitations:
- Thetechnicianisanemployeeofa
juridicalpersonwithintheterritory
ofanotherMember,and
- thatjuridicalpersonmanufactures
equipmentandhassoldthat
equipmenttoacommercialpresence
inFrance,or1),2),3)Unbound
4)(i)and(ii):Unbound
(iii)UnboundexceptforFwhere:Uunbound
exceptasindicatedinthehorizontal
section.
- thatjuridicalpersonhasassigneda
patenttoacommercialpresencein
France.
- thetechnicianisinchargeof
supervisingtheconstructionofthe
equipment,orofensuringthe
preparationfortheexploitationofthe
patent.
- theworkpermitisdeliveredfora
periodnotexceedingsixmonths.
- thetechnicianpresentsawork
certificatefromthecommercial
presenceinFranceandaletterfrom
thejuridicalpersonwithinthe
territoryofanotherMember
demonstratingitsagreementtothe
transfer.
-thecommercialpresenceinFrance
mustpayataxtotheInternational
MigrationOffice.
TN/S/O /EEC
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Attachmen t A
GLOSSARY
TERMS USED FOR INDIVIDUAL MEMBER STATES
France
SC SociétéCivile
SCP SociétéCivileProfessionnelle
SEL Sociétéd'ExerciceLibéral
SNC SociétéenNomCollectif
SCS SociétéenCommanditeSimple
SARL SociétéàResponsabilitéLimitée
SCA SociétéenCommanditeparActions
SA SociétéAnonyme
N.B.: Toutescessociétéssontdotéesdelapersonnalitémorale
Germany
GmbH&CoKG Kommanditgesellschaft,beiderderpersönlichhaftendeGesellschafter
eineGmbH(astockcompanywithlimitedresponsibility)ist.
EWIV EuropäischeWirtschaftlicheInteressenvereinigung(EuropeanEconomic
InterestGrouping)
Italy
SPA SocietàperAzioni(jointstockcompany)
SRL SocietàaResponsabilitàLimitata(companywithlimitedresponsibility)
ForItalythefollowingprofessionalservicesarecoveredintheECoffer:
Ragionieri-periticommerciali Bookkeepingaccounting-auditing
Commercialisti Bookkeeping-accounting-auditing
Geometri Surveyors
Ingegneri Engineers
Architetti Architects
Geologi Geologists
Medici Doctors
Farmacisti Pharmacists
Psicologi Psychologists
Veterinari Veterinarians
Biologi Biologists
Chimici Chemists
Peritiagrari Agriculturalexperts
Agronomi Agronomists
Attuari Actuarists
NOTESTO THESECTIONONINTERNATIONALMARITIMETRANSPORTSERVICES
TN/S/O /EEC
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Whereroad,rail,inlandwaterways(and)(related)(auxiliary)servicesarenototherwise
fullycoveredthisschedule,amultimodaltransportoperator(asdefinedbelow–3)shallhavethe
abilitytorentorleasetrucks,railwaycarriagesorbarges,andrelatedequipment,forthepurpose
ofinlandforwardingofcargoes,orhaveaccessto,anduseof,theseformsofmultimodal activities
onreasonableandnon-discriminatorytermsandconditionsforthepurposeofcarryingout
multimodaltransportoperations.(«Reasonableandnon-discriminatorytermsandconditions»
mean,forthepurposeofthis[additional]commitmenttheabilityofthemultimodaltransport
operatortoarrangefortheconveyanceofitsmerchandiseonatimelybasis,includingpriority
overothermerchandisewhichhasenteredtheportatalaterdate).
DEFINITIONS
1. Withoutprejudicetothescopeofactivitieswhichmaybeconsideredas«cabotage»under
therelevantnationallegislation, thisscheduledoesnotinclude«maritimecabotageservices»,
whichareassumedtocovertransportationofpassengersorgoodsbetweenaportlocatedina
MemberStateandaportlocatedinthesameMemberState,andtransportationofpassengersor
goodsbetweenaportlocatedinaMemberStateandinstallationsorstructuressituatedonthe
continentalshelfofthisMemberState.
2. "Otherformsofcommercialpresenceforthesupplyofinternationalmaritimetransport
services"meanstheabilityforinternationalmaritimetransportservicesuppliersofother
Memberstoundertakelocallyallactivitieswhicharenecessaryforthesupplytotheircustomers
ofapartially orfullyintegratedtransportservice,withinwhichthemaritimetransportconstitutes
asubstantialelement.(Thiscommitmentshallhowevernotbeconstruedaslimitinginany
mannerthecommitmentsundertakenunderthecross-bordermodeofdelivery).
Theseactivitiesinclude,butarenotlimitedto:
(a)marketingandsalesofmaritimetransportandrelatedservicesthroughdirectcontactwith
customers,fromquotationtoinvoicing, theseservicesbeingthoseoperatedorofferedbythe
servicesupplieritselforbyservicesupplierswithwhichtheservicesellerhasestablished
standingbusinessarrangements;
(b)theacquisition,ontheirownaccountoronbehalfortheircustomers(andtheresaletotheir
customers)ofanytransportandrelatedservices,includinginwardtransportservicesby
anymode,particularly inlandwaterways,roadandrail,necessaryforthesupplyofthe
integratedservices;
(c)thepreparationofdocumentationconcerning transportdocuments,customsdocuments,or
otherdocumentsrelatedtotheoriginandcharacterofthegoodstransported;
(d)theprovisionofbusinessinformationbyanymeans,includingcomputerisedinformation
systemsandelectronicdatainterchange(subjecttotheprovisionsoftheannexon
telecommunications);
(e)thesettingupofanybusinessarrangements(includingparticipationinthestockofa
company)andtheappointmentofpersonnelrecruitedlocally(or,in thecaseofforeign
personnel,subjecttothehorizontalcommitmentonmovementofpersonnel)withany
locallyestablishedshipping agency;
(f) actingonbehalfofthecompanies,organisingthecalloftheshiportakingovercargoes
whenrequired.
3. "Multimodaltransportoperator"meansthepersononwhosebehalfthebilloflading/
multimodaltransportdocument,oranyotherdocumentevidencingacontractofmultimodal
TN/S/O /EEC
Page 146
carriageofgoods,isissuedandwhoisresponsibleforthecarriageofgoodspursuanttothe
contractofcarriage.
4. "Maritimecargohandlingservices"meansactivitiesexercisedbystevedorecompanies,
includingterminaloperators,butnotincludingthedirectactivitiesofdockers,whenthis
workforceisorganisedindependentlyofthestevedoringorterminaloperatorcompanies.The
activitiescoveredincludetheorganisationandsupervision of:
- theloading/dischargingofcargoto/froma ship;
- thelashing/unlashingofcargo;
- thereception/deliveryandsafekeepingofcargoesbeforeshipmentorafterdischarge.
5. "Customsclearanceservices"(alternatively"customshousebrokers’services")means
activitiesconsistingincarryingoutonbehalfofanotherpartycustomsformalitiesconcerning
import,exportorthroughtransportofcargoes,whetherthisserviceisthemain activityofthe
serviceproviderorausualcomplementofitsmainactivity.
6. "Containerstationanddepotservices"meansactivitiesconsistinginstoringcontainers,
whetherinportareasorinland,withaviewtotheirstuffing/stripping,repairingand making
themavailableforshipments.
7. "Maritimeagencyservices"meansactivitiesconsistinginrepresenting,withinagiven
geographicarea,asanagentthebusinessinterestsofoneormoreshippinglinesorshipping
companies,forthefollowingpurposes:
- marketingandsalesofmaritimetransportandrelatedservices,fromquotationtoinvoicing,
andissuanceofbillsofladingonbehalfofthecompanies,acquisitionandresaleofthe
necessaryrelatedservices,preparationofdocumentation,andprovisionofbusiness
information;
- actingonbehalfofthecompaniesorganisingthecalloftheshiportakingovercargoes
whenrequired.
8. "Freightforwardingservices"means(theactivityconsistingoforganisingandmonitoring
shipmentoperationsonbehalfofshippers,throughtheacquisitionoftransportandrelated
services,preparationofdocumentationandprovisionofbusinessinformation).
9. Movementofequipment.Transportationbetweenaportlocatedina MemberStateanda
portlocatedinanotherMemberStateisopen.Inaddition,International maritimetransport
supplierscanmove/repositiontheirownequipment(i.e.emptycontainers,flatbedsetc.)ontheir
vesselsbetweenportsinaMemberStateoftheECwhennorevenueisinvolved,exceptfor:
- A,Lwherenotapplicable.
10.Feederservices.TransportationbetweenaportlocatedinaMemberStateandaport
locatedinanotherMemberStateisopen.Inaddition,international maritimetransportsuppliers
canoperatevesselsofanyflagforthepurposesofpre-andonwardcarriageoftheirown
containerisedinternationalcargobetweenportsinaMemberStateoftheEC,exceptfor:
- ALwherenotapplicableand;
- D,E,F,FIN,GR,I,Pand Sbyauthorisationonly.
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ADDITIONAL COMMITMENT BY THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
AND THEIR MEMBER STATES
SCOPE
Thefollowingaredefinitionsandprinciplesontheregulatoryframeworkforthebasic
telecommunicationsservicesunderpinningthemarketaccesscommitmentsbytheEuropean
CommunitiesandtheirMemberStates.
DEFINITIONS
Usermeanserviceconsumerandservicesuppliers.
Essentialfacilitiesmeanfacilitiesofapublictelecommunicationstransportnetworkandservicethat
a) areexclusivelyorpredominantly providedbyasingleorlimitednumberofsuppliers;
and
b) cannotfeasiblybeeconomicallyortechnicallysubstitutedinordertoprovideaservice.
Amajorsupplierisasupplierwhichhastheability tomateriallyaffectthetermsofparticipation
(havingregardtopriceandsupply)intherelevantmarketforbasictelecommunicationsservicesasa
resultof:
a) controloveressentialfacilities;or
b) useofitspositioninthemarket.
1. COMPETITIVESAFEGUARDS:
1.1. Preventionofanti-competitivepracticesin telecommunications:
Appropriatemeasuresshallbemaintainedforthepurposeofpreventingsupplierswho,aloneor
together,areamajorsupplierfromengaginginorcontinuing anti-competitivepractices.
1.2. Safeguards:
Theanti-competitivepracticesreferredtoaboveshallincludeinparticular:
a) engaginginanti-competitivecross-subsidization;
b) usinginformationobtainedfromcompetitorswithanti-competitiveresults;and
c) notmakingavailabletootherservicessuppliersonatimelybasistechnicalinformation
aboutessentialfacilitiesandcommerciallyrelevantinformation whicharenecessaryfor
themtoprovideservices.
2. INTERCONNECTION
2.1. Thissectionappliestolinkingwithsuppliersprovidingpublictelecommunicationstransport
networksorservicesinordertoallowtheusersofonesuppliertocommunicatewithusersofanother
supplierandtoaccessservicesprovidedbyanothersupplier.
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2.2. Interconnectionto beensured:
Withinthelimitsofpermittedmarketaccess,interconnectionwithamajorsupplierwillbe
ensuredatanytechnicallyfeasiblepointinthenetwork.Suchinterconnectionisprovided78:
a) undernon-discriminatoryterms,conditions(includingtechnicalstandardsand
specifications)andratesandofaquality nolessfavourablethanthatprovidedforits
ownlikeservicesorforlikeservicesofnon-affiliatedservicesuppliersorforits
subsidiariesorotheraffiliates79;
b) inatimelyfashion,onterms,conditions(includingtechnicalstandardsand
specifications)andcost-orientedratesthataretransparent,reasonable,havingregardto
economicfeasibility,andsufficientlyunbundledsothatthesupplierneednotpayfor
networkcomponentsorfacilitiesthatitdoesnotrequirefortheservicetobeprovided;
and
c) uponrequest,atpointsinaddition tothenetworkterminationpointsofferedtothe
majorityofusers,subjecttochargesthatreflect thecost ofconstruction ofnecessary
additionalfacilities.
2.3. Publicavailabilityoftheproceduresforinterconnectionnegotiations:
Theproceduresapplicableforinterconnectiontoamajorsupplierwillbemadepublicly
available.
2.4. Transparencyofinterconnectionarrangements:
Itisensuredthat amajorsupplierwillmakepubliclyavailableeitheritsinterconnection
agreementsorareferenceinterconnectionoffer.
2.5. Interconnection: disputesettlement:
Aservicesupplierrequestinginterconnectionwithamajorsupplierwillhaverecourse,either:
a) atanytimeor
b) afterareasonableperiodoftimewhichhasbeenmadepubliclyknowntoan
independentdomesticbody,whichmaybearegulatorybodyasreferredtoin
paragraph5below,toresolvedisputesregardingappropriateterms,conditionsandrates
forinterconnectionwithinareasonableperiodoftime,totheextentthatthesehavenot
beenestablishedpreviously.
3. UNIVERSALSERVICE
AnyMemberhastheright todefinethekindofuniversalserviceobligationitwishesto
maintain.Suchobligationswillnotberegardedasanti-competitiveperse,providedtheyare
78Suppliersofservicesornetworksnotgenerallyavailabletothepublic,suchasclosedusergroups,
haveguaranteedrightstoconnectwiththepublictelecommunicationstransportnetworkorservicesonterms,
conditionsandrateswhicharenon-discriminatory,transparentandcost-oriented.Suchterms, conditionsand
ratesmay,however,varyfromtheterms,conditionsandratesapplicabletointerconnectionbetweenpublic
telecommunicationsnetworksorservices.79Differentterms,conditionsandratesmaybesetintheCommunityforoperatorsindifferentmarket
segments,onthebasisofnon-discriminatoryandtransparentnationallicensingprovisions,wheresuchdifferences
canbeobjectivelyjustifiedbecausetheseservicesarenotconsidered"likeservices".
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administeredinatransparent,non-discriminatoryandcompetitivelyneutral mannerandarenotmore
burdensomethannecessaryforthekindofuniversalservicedefinedbytheMember.
4. PUBLICAVAILABILITYOF LICENSINGCRITERIA
Wherealicenceisrequired,thefollowingwillbemadepubliclyavailable:
a) allthelicensingcriteriaandtheperiodoftimenormallyrequiredtoreachadecision
concerninganapplicationforalicenceand
b) thetermsandconditionsofindividuallicences.
Thereasonsforthedenialofalicencewillbemadeknowntotheapplicantuponrequest.
5. INDEPENDENTREGULATORS
Theregulatorybodyisseparatefrom,andnotaccountableto,anysupplierofbasic
telecommunicationsservices.Thedecisionsofandtheproceduresusedbyregulatorsshallbeimpartial
withrespecttoallmarketparticipants.
6. ALLOCATIONANDUSEOFSCARCERESOURCES
Anyproceduresfortheallocationanduseofscarceresources,includingfrequencies,numbers
andrightsofway,willbecarriedoutinanobjective,timely,transparentandnon-discriminatory
manner.Thecurrentstateofallocatedfrequencybandswillbemadepubliclyavailable,butdetailed
identificationoffrequenciesallocatedforspecificgovernmentusesisnotrequired.TN/S/O /EEC
Page 150
ADDITIONAL COMMITMENTS BY THE EU ROPEAN COMMUNITIES
AND THEIR MEMBER STATES
INSURANCE
a) TheEuropeanCommunitiesandtheirMemberStatesnotethecloseco-operationamongthe
insuranceregulatoryandsupervisoryauthoritiesoftheMemberStatesandencouragetheireffortsto
promoteimprovedsupervisorystandards.
b) MemberStateswillmaketheirbestendeavourstoconsiderwithin6monthscomplete
applicationsforlicensestoconductdirectinsuranceunderwritingbusiness,throughtheestablishmentin
aMemberStateofasubsidiaryinaccordancewiththelegislationofthatMemberState,byan
undertakinggovernedbythelawsofathirdcountry.Incaseswheresuchapplicationsarerefused,the
MemberStateauthoritywillmakeitsbestendeavourstonotifytheundertakinginquestionandgivethe
reasonsfortherefusaloftheapplication.
c) ThesupervisoryauthoritiesoftheMemberStateswillmaketheirbestendeavourstorespond
withoutunduedelaytorequestsforinformationby applicantsonthestatusofcompleteapplicationsfor
licencestoconductdirect insuranceunderwritingbusiness,throughtheestablishmentinaMemberState
ofasubsidiaryinaccordancewiththelegislationofthatMemberStatebyanundertakinggovernedby
thelawsofathirdcountry.
d) TheEuropeanCommunitiesandtheirMemberStateswill maketheirbestendeavourstoexamine
anyquestionspertainingtothesmoothoperationoftheinternalmarketininsurance,andconsiderany
issuesthatmighthaveanimpacton theinternal marketininsurance.
e) TheEuropeanCommunitiesandtheirMemberStatesnotethat,asregardsmotorinsurance,under
EClaw asinforceon31December199731March2003,andwithoutprejudicetofuturelegislation,
premiumsmaybecalculatedtakingseveralriskfactorsintoaccount.
f) TheEuropeanCommunitiesandtheirMemberStatesnotethatunderEClaw,asinforceon31
December199731March2003,andwithoutprejudicetofuturelegislation,thepriorapprovalby
nationalsupervisoryauthoritiesofpolicyconditionsandscalesofpremiumsthataninsurance
undertakingintendsto useisgenerally notrequired.
g) TheEuropeanCommunitiesandtheirMemberStatesnotethatunderEClaw,asinforceon31
December199731March2003,andwithoutprejudicetofuturelegislation,thepriorapprovalby
nationalsupervisoryauthoritiesofincreasesinpremiumratesingenerallynot required.
OTHERFINANCIALSERVICES
a) InapplicationoftherelevantEC Directives,MemberStateswillmaketheirbestendeavoursto
considerwithin12monthscompleteapplicationsforlicensestoconductbankingactivities,throughthe
establishmentinaMemberStateofasubsidiaryinaccordancewiththelegislationofthatMemberState,
byanundertakinggovernedbythelawsofathirdcountry.Incaseswheresuchapplicationsarerefused,
theMemberStatewillmakeitsbestendeavourstonotifytheundertakinginquestionandgivethe
reasonsfortherefusaloftheapplication.
b) MemberStateswillmaketheirbestendeavourstorespondwithoutunduedelayto requestsfor
informationbyapplicantsonthestatusofcompleteapplicationsforlicensestoconductbanking
activities,throughtheestablishmentinaMemberStateofasubsidiaryinaccordancewiththelegislation
ofthatMemberState,byanundertakinggovernedbythelawsofathirdcountry.
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c) InapplicationoftherelevantEC Directives,MemberStateswillmaketheirbestendeavoursto
considerwithin6monthscompleteapplicationsforlicensestoconductinvestmentservicesin the
securitiesfield,asdefinedin theInvestmentServicesDirective,throughtheestablishmentinaMember
StateofasubsidiaryinaccordancewiththelegislationofthatMemberState,byanundertaking
governedbythelawsofathirdcountry.Incaseswheresuchapplicationsarerefused,theMemberState
willmakeitsbestendeavourstonotifytheundertaking inquestionandgivethereasonsfortherefusalof
theapplication.
d) MemberStateswillmaketheirbestendeavourstorespondwithoutunduedelayto requestsfor
informationbyapplicantsonthestatusofcompleteapplicationsforlicensestoconductinvestment
servicesinthesecuritiesarea,throughtheestablishmentinaMemberStateofasubsidiaryin
accordancewiththelegislationofthatMemberState,byanundertakinggovernedbythelawsofathird
country.TN/S/O /EEC
Page 152
Understanding on the scope of coverage o f CPC 84 - Computer and Related S ervice s
(i) CPC 84 cover s the basic functions used to provide all computer and relate d services :
computer programs defined as the sets of instructions required to make compute rs work and
communicate (including their development and implementation ), data proc essing and storage,
and related services, such asconsult ancy and training services for sta ff of client s. Technological
developments have led to the increa sed offering of these services as a bundle orpacka ge of
related service s that can include some orall of these basic functions. Forexample, services such
as web or domain hosting, data mining services and grid computing each consist of a
combination of basic computer services functions.
(ii) Computer and related servic es, regardles s ofwhethe r they are delivered via a netwo rk,
including the Inte rnet, include all se rvices that p rovide:
/AB consulting, strategy, analysis, planning, specifica tion, design, development, installation,
implementation, integration, testing, debugging, upda ting, suppo rt, technical assistan ce,
or management of or for comput ers or compu ter systems; or
/AB computer programs defined as the sets of instructions required to make compute rs work
and communicate (in and of themselves ), plus consulting, strategy, analysis, planning,
specification, design, development, installation, implementation, integ ration, testing,
debugging, updating, adap tation, maintenance, suppor t, technical assistanc e,
management or use o f orforcompute r pro grams; or
/AB data pro cessing, data storage, data h osting o r dat abase services; or
/AB maintenance and repair service s for office machinery and equipment, including
computer s; or,
/AB training servic es for staff of clients, related to computer prog rams, comput ers or
computer systems, and not elsewhere classified.
(ii) Computer and related s ervice senable the pr ovision of o ther ser vices (e.g., banking) by both
electronic and other means . However, there is an import ant distinc tion betwee n the enabling
service (e.g., web-ho sting orapplication hosting ) and the content or core service that is being
delivered electronically (e.g., banking). Insuch cases, the content or core servic e is not covered
by CPC 84.
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AND THEIR MEMBER STATES - LIST OF ARTICLE II (MFN) EXEMPTIONS
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
Audiovisualservices–
Distributionof
audiovisualworksRedressivedutieswhichmaybe
imposedinordertorespondto
unfairpricingpractices,bycertain
thirdcountriesdistributorsof
audiovisualworks.AllMembers Indefinite Unfair pricin g practices may ca use
serious disruption to the distributio n of
Europea n wor ks
Audiovisual services Measures taken to pre vent, c orrect
or cou nterbalance adverse, unfair
or un reasonable c onditions or
actions affecting E C audi ovisual
services, products o r service
provide rs, in respo nse to
correspon ding or co mpara ble
actions taken by other Members.All Members Indefinite
The need for
exemption will lapse
together with
correspon ding
exemption from other
MembersNeed to pr otect the Eur opean
Commu nities and their Mem ber States
from a dverse, u nfair or unreasonable
unilateral actions fro m othe r Members
Audiovisual Services –
Production a nd
distribution of
audiovisual wor ks
throug h broadcasting
or othe r forms of
transmission to the
public.Measures which define wo rks of
Europea n origin, in suc h a way as
to extend national treatme nt to
audiovisual wor ks which meet
certain linguistic and origin c riteria
regardin g access to broa dcasting or
similar forms of tra nsmission.Parties to the Council of
Europe Conventio n on
Transfrontier Television or
other Eu ropea n cou ntries
with whom an a greement
may be c onclude d.Indefinite.
Exemption needed ,
for certain c ountries,
only u ntil an
economic inte gration
agreement is
conclude d or
completed.The measures aim, within the sector, to
promote c ultural val ues both within EC
Member States and with othe r cou ntries
in Euro pe, as well as achieving lin guistic
policy o bjectives
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
Audiovisual Services -
Production a nd
distribution of
cinematograp hic wor ks
and television
progra mmesMeasures based upo n governme nt-
to-gove rnme nt framewo rk
agreements, an d plurilateral
agreements, o n cop roduction o f
audiovisual wor ks, which co nfer
National Treatment to a udiovisual
works covere d by these
agreements, in particular in relation
to distribution a nd access to
fundin g.All countries with whom
cultural coo peration may
be desirable (ag reements
already exist, or are bei ng
negotiated, with the
following co untries:
Algeria, Angola,
Argentina, Australia,
Brazil, Bu rkina Faso,
Canada, Cape Ver de,Indefinite The aim of these agreeme nts is to
promote c ultural links between the
countries conce rned
Chile, C ôte d'Iv oire,
Colombia, Cuba, Eg ypt,
Guinea Bissau, India,
Israel, Mali, Mexico,
Morocco, M ozambiq ue,
New Zealand, São To mé e
Principe, Senegal, States
in Central, Eastern and
South-Eastern Eu rope,
Switzerland,Tunisia,
Turkey , Venezuela).
Audiovisual Services -
Production a nd
distribution of
television prog rammes
and cinemato graphic
worksMeasures granting the bene fit of
any supp ort progra mmes (such as
Action Plan for Ad vanced
Television Services, MEDIA or
EURIMAGES) to audio visual
works, and su ppliers of suc h wor ks,
meeting certain E uropean o rigin
criteria.Europea n countries Indefinite.
Exemption needed ,
for certain c ountries,
only u ntil an
economic inte gration
agreement is
conclude d or
completed.These prog rammes aim at p reserving
and pr omotin g the re gional ide ntity of
countries within Eu rope w hich ha ve
long-standin g cultural lin ks
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
Audiovisual -
Distribution servicesWaiver o f the re quireme nt in Spain
to obtain licences f or the
distribution of dubbed films of n on-
Commu nity o rigin, granted t o films
of Eur opean origin which are
especially recommen ded f or
children's audie nces.Parties to the Council of
EuropeIndefinite.
Exemption needed
for certain c ountries,
until an eco nomic
integration
agreement is
conclude d or
completed.The measure aims at pr omoting
Europea n cultural values and linguistic
policy o bjectives toward the youth .
Audiovisual services:
television and ra dio
broadcasting ser vicesForeign participatio n in c ompanies
in Italy exceedi ng 49% of the
capital and v oting rig hts, subject to
a condition of reciprocity.All countries Indefinite Need to ensure e ffective mar ket access
and eq uivalent treatment for Italian
service suppliers
Audiovisual services:
production an d
distribution of
cinematograp hic wor ks
and television
progra mmes in Nor dic
countriesMeasures taken in Denmar k and
Finland that are adopted f or the
implementation o f benefits in
confor mity with such sup port
progra mmes as the NORDIC FILM
and TV FUND in orde r to e nhance
production an d distributio n of
audiovisual wor ks pro duced in
Nordic cou ntries.Finland, Norway, Sweden,
IcelandIndefinite Preservation and promotion of the
regional ide ntity of t he cou ntries
concerne d
Audiovisualservices;
productionand
distributionof
cinematographicworks
andtelevision
programmesinNordic
countriesMeasurestakeninFinlandthatare
adoptedfortheimplementationof
benefitsinconformitywithsuch
supportprogrammesasthe
NORDICFILMandTVFUNDin
ordertoenhanceproductionand
distributionofaudiovisualworks
producedinNordiccountriesNordiccountries Indefinite Preservationandpromotionofthe
regionalidentityofthecountries
concerned
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
Audiovisualservices;
productionand
distributionof
cinematographicworks
andtelevision
programmesinNordic
countriesMeasurestakeninSwedenthatare
adoptedforthegrantingof
broadcastingfacilitiesfor
programmesfromNordiccountries
andforthefinancingofand
implementationofbenefitsfrom
suchsupportprogrammesasthe
NORDICFILMandTVFUND
whichareintendedtoenhance
productionanddistributionof
audiovisualworksproducedin
NordiccountriesNordiccountries Indefinite Preservationandpromotionofthe
regionalidentityofthecountries
concerned
Road tra nsport -
passenger and freightProvisions in existing or future
agreements on internation al road
haulage (incl uding combi ned
transport - road/rail) a nd passenger
transport, co nclude d between the
EC or t heir Membe r States and
third cou ntries, which:
- reserve or limit the provision
of a transp ort service between
the contracting parties or
across the territory of the
contracting parties to vehicles
registered in each c ontractin g
party80;
- provide fortax exem ption for
such vehicles.Switzerland, States in
Central, Eastern a nd
South-Eastern Eu rope and
all Members of the
Commo nwealth of
Indepe ndent States,
Albania,  Tur key,
Lebanon , Israel, Syria,
Jordan, E gypt, T unisia,
Algeria, Morocc o, Cyprus,
Malta, Iran, Afg hanistan,
Iraq, KuwaitIndefinite The need for exemptio n is linked to the
regional cha racteristics of the cross-
border provision o f road transpo rt
services
80With regard to Austr ia the part of the MFN exempti onregardi ng traffic rights covers all countries with whom bilateral agreements on road trans portor other arrangements relatin g to
road trans portexist or may be desirable.
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
Roadtransport;
passengersandfreightProvisionsofexistingandfuture
reciprocalbilateralandplurilateral
agreementsoninternationalroad
transport(includingcombined
transport,road/rail)reserving
cabotagetransportinFinlandAllcountrieswithwhich
bilateralorplurilateral
agreementsareinforceIndefinite Regionalspecificityoftheroadtransport
services
RoadTransport
(passengersandfreight)VAT-exemptioninAustriais
limitedtointernationalpassenger
transportcarriedoutbyforeign
entrepreneursbymeansofmotor
vehiclesregisteredincountries
indicatedincolumn3)SuccessorStatesofformer
Yugoslavia,Poland,
Switzerland,successor
StatesoftheformerUSSR
(withtheexceptionofthe
BalticStates,Azerbaijan,
Georgia,Moldovaand
Uzbekistan),Czech
Republic,SlovakRepublic,
HungaryIndefinite Reciprocity;facilitatingofthe
developmentofinternationaltouring
Road tra nsport -
passenger and freightExemptionfromvehiclestaxin
Austriaundercertainconditionson
thegroundsofdeclarationsof
reciprocitylimitedtovehicles
registeredinthecountriesindicated
incolumn3)Poland,Hungary Indefinite Reciprocity;facilitatingofthe
developmentofinternationaltouring
and/orinternationaltransportofgoods
Road tra nsport -
passenger and freightExemptionfromvehiclestaxin
Austriaundercertainconditionson
thegroundsofdefactoreciprocity
limitedtovehiclesregisteredinthe
countriesindicatedincolumn3)Bulgaria,Israel,Monaco,
SanMarino,Turkey,
Hungary,VaticanCity,
UnitedStatesIndefinite Reciprocity;facilitatingofthe
developmentofinternationaltouring
and/orinternationaltransportofgoods
Road tra nsport services
- Freight
(CPC 7 123)Authorization for the establishment
of a com mercial presence i n Spain
may be re fused to ser vice suppliers,
whose countr y oforigin does n ot
accord ef fective mar ket access to
Spanish service suppliersAll countries Indefinite Need to ensure e ffective mar ket access
and eq uivalent treatment for Spa nish
service suppliers
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
CRS and sales and
marketing of air
transport servicesProvision of Article 7 of
Regulation (EC) No. 2 299/89, as
amended by Regulation (EC) No.
3089/9 3, whe reby t he obligatio ns
of CRS system vendo rs or o f pare nt
and participatin g air car riers shall
not appl y where e quivalent
treatment to that ap plied u nder the
Regulation is n ot accor ded in th e
country of origin of the parent
carrier or of the system vend or.All countries where a CRS
system vendor or a parent
air carrier is located.Indefinite The need for the exem ption results fr om
the insufficient de velopme nt of
multilaterally agreed rules for t he
operation of CRS.
Internal waterways
transportMeasures based upo n existing o r
future a greements o n access to
inland waterways (incl. a greements
following the Rhine -Main-Danu be
link), which reserve traf fic rights
for o perators based i n the c ountries
concerne d and meeting nationality
criteria regardi ng ow nership.Switzerland, States in
Central, Eastern a nd
South-Eastern Eu rope and
all Members of the
Commo nwealth of
Indepe ndent States.Indefinite.
Exemption needed ,
for certain c ountries,
only u ntil an
economic inte gration
agreement is
conclude d or
completed.To reg ulate transport ca pacity o n inland
waterways taking into acc ount
geogra phic specificity.
Internal waterways
transportRegulations81implementing the
Mannheim Conv ention on Rhine
Shipping.Switzerland Indefinite To reg ulate transport ca pacity o n inland
waterways taking into acc ount
geogra phic specificity.
81The Followi ngMember States are covered by this MFN exemption : Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany , Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxemb ourg, the Netherlan ds, Portugal, Spain and
United Ki ngdom.
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
InlandWaterways
Transport(passengers
andfreight)InAustria:
a)Certaintrafficrightsarereserved
forvesselsofthecountriesindicated
incolumn3)(nationality
requirementsregardingownership)
b)Recognitionofcertificatesand
licencesofthecountriesindicatedin
column3)Bulgaria,Hungary,
successorStatesofformer
Yugoslavia,Romania,
CzechRepublic,Slovak
Republic,successorStates
offormerUSSR,
Netherlands,Federal
RepublicofGermanyIndefinite;the
exemptionappliesto
existingandnew
measuresHistoricaldevelopment;specificregional
aspects
Maritimetransport;
cabotageReciprocalexistingandfuture
measurestakeninFinland
exemptingvesselsregisteredunder
theforeignflagofaspecifiedother
countryfromthegeneralprohibition
tooperatecabotagetransportin
FinlandAllcountries Indefinite Regionalspecificityofthemaritime
cabotagetransport
MaritimetransportationReciprocalmeasurestakenin
Swedenbaseduponexistingor
futureagreementsexemptingvessels
registeredundertheforeignflagofa
specifiedothercountryfromthe
generalprohibitiontooperate
cabotagetrafficAllcountrieswithwhich
bilateralorplurilateral
agreementsareinforceIndefinite Toregulatecabotagetrafficbasedon
reciprocalagreements
Rental/leasing services
without operat ors,
relating to ships
(CPC 8 3103).
Rental of vessels with
crew
(CPC 7 213, 7223).Charterin g in o f foreign ships b y
consumers resident in Ger many
may be subject to condition o f
reciprocity.All countries Indefinite Need to ensure e ffective mar ket access
and eq uivalent treatment for Ger man
service suppliers.
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
Publishing
(Part of CPC 88442)Foreign participatio n in c ompanies
in Italy exceedi ng 49% of the
capital and v oting rig hts, subject to
a condition of reciprocity.All countries Indefinite Need to ensure e ffective mar ket access
and eq uivalent treatment for Italian
service suppliers.
Newsagency Services
(Part of CPC 962)Foreign participatio n in c ompanies
in France pu blishing p ublications in
the French lan guage e xceeding
20% of the capital or of voting
rights in the co mpan y, subject to a
condition of reci procity.All countries Indefinite Need to ensure e ffective mar ket access
and eq uivalent treatment for Fre nch
service suppliers.
Press Agency Services
(Part of CPC 962)Market access in France.  Subject
to a con dition of recipr ocity.All countries Indefinite Need to ensure e ffective mar ket access
and eq uivalent treatment for Fre nch
service suppliers.
Direct non-life
insuranceMeasures based on a bilateral
agreement between the Eu ropea n
Commu nities82and Switzerland o n
direct insurance other tha n life
insurance.  T his agreement
provides o n a reci procal basis for
freedom of establishment an d the
right to take up or pursue n on-life
insurance b usiness for agencies and
branches o f undertakin gs whose
head of fice is situated in the
territory o f the other co ntracting
party.Switzerland Indefinite Need to remo ve obstacles to the taking
up and pursuit of n on-life i nsurance
business in the framewor k of an
agreement between the Eu ropea n
Commu nities and Switzerland o n non-
life insurance co nsistent with the
provisions of paragraph 3 of the An nex
of Financial Services
82This M FN d oes no t apply wi th regar d to the foll owin g Member States: Austria, Finla nd an d Sweden.
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
Financial services Measure grantin g fav ourable tax
treatment (of f-shore regime) in
Italy to service sup pliers trading
with the countries to w hich the
measure applies.States in Central, Eastern
and South -Eastern Eu rope,
and all Members o f the
Commo nwealth of
Indepe ndent States10 years The need t o aid the c ountries concerne d
in their transition to a market ec onomy
Licensingofbranches
orsubsidiariesof
foreignfinancial
servicesuppliersTherequirementofaneconomic
interesttestboundinAustria83is
waivedforcountriesindicatedin
column3)Listofcountriesissubject
tofurtherconsiderationIndefinite Reciprocity;countriesnotindicatedin
column3)arepresumednottooffer
competitiveopportunitiesandeffective
marketaccesstoAustrianservice
suppliersequivalenttothoseofferedby
Austria
All sectors Measures taken in Denmar k  aimed
at promotin g Nor dic coo peration,
such as:
- financial supp ort to R&D
projects (the Nor dic In dustrial
Fund);Sweden, Finland, Icela nd
and NorwayIndefinite To maintain an d develop No rdic
cooperatio n.
- fundin g offeasibility studies
for inter national p rojects (the
Nordic Fund forProject
Exports);
- financial assistance to
companies84utilizing
environ mental techn ology
(the Nordic E nvironment
Finance Cor poratio n).
83ThismeasurewillnotbeappliedduringthefirstsixmonthsaftertheentryintoforceoftheWTO.84Appl ies to East Eur opean com panies, wh ich are coo peratin g wit h one or m ore Nord ic companies.
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
All sectors Measures taken in Finland aime d at
promotin g Nor dic coo peration,
such as:
-guaranteesandloansto
investmentprojectsand
exports(TheNordic
InvestmentBank)
- financial supp ort to R&D
projects (the Nor dic In dustrial
Fund);
- fundin g offeasibility studies
for inter national p rojects (the
Nordic Fund forProject
Exports);Denmark, Sweden , Icelan d
and NorwayIndefinite To maintain an d develop No rdic
cooperatio n.
- financial assistance to
companies85utilizing
environ mental techn ology
(the Nordic E nvironment
Finance Cor poratio n).
All sectors Measures taken in Sweden aime d at
promotin g Nor dic coo peration,
such as:
- guaranteesandloansto
investmentprojectsand
exports(TheNordic
InvestmentBank)Denmark, Finlan d, Icelan d
and NorwayIndefinite To maintain an d develop No rdic
cooperatio n.
85Applies t o East E uropean compan ies, which are cooperati ng wi th one or more N ordic com panies.
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
- financial supp ort to R&D
projects (the Nor dic In dustrial
Fund);
- fundin g offeasibility studies
for inter national p rojects (the
Nordic Fund forProject
Exports);
- financial assistance to
companies86utilizing
environ mental techn ology
(the Nordic E nvironment
Finance Cor poratio n).
AllSectors Extensionoffullnationaltreatment
inSwedentoinvestorsfromanother
countryinrelationtoeverykindof
investmentassetCôted'Ivoire
Madagascar
SenegalMinimum11years Themeasurereflectsspecialinvestment
conditionscontainedinbilateraltreaties
All sectors Authorization for purchase of real
estate in Italy by f oreign natural
persons and j uridical perso ns
granted on the basis of recipr ocity.All countries Indefinite The recipr ocity req uirement is p ut in
place to ensure e quivalent t reatment fo r
Italians in other co untries.
All sectors Waiver o f nationality requirem ents
for the e xercise, in Portu gal, of
certain activities and pr ofessions by
natural perso ns supplyin g services
from the designated c ountriesCountries o f Portu guese
official langua ge (An gola,
Brazil, Cape Verde,
Guinea-Bissau,
Mozambique a nd São
Tomé & Principe )Indefinite This measure reflects historical links
between Portugal a nd these cou ntries.
86Applies t o East E uropean compan ies, which are coo perating with one or more N ordic c ompanies.
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
All sectors Facilitation of access procedures in
France for t he exercise o f certain
services activities and professions
by natu ral and le gal persons of
certain third c ountriesFrancoph one Africa n
countries, Algeria,
Switzerland and R omania10 years This measure reflects historical links
between France an d these coun tries.
All sectors For citizens of C ommo nwealth
countries with a gra ndpa rent bo rn
in the UK, the UK waives the
requireme nt for a work permit in all
services sectorsCountries mem bers of the
British Comm onwealth o f
NationsIndefinite This measure reflects historical links
between these count ries and the UK.
All sectors Measures based on bilateral
agreements between the European
Commu nities and/or thei r Member
States and Switzerland with the
objective of providing forthe
movement of all categ ories of
natural perso ns supplyin g servicesSwitzerland Indefinite The agreeme nts reflect a pr ocess of
progressive trade liberalisation between
the EC an d its regional tra ding partne r.
All sectors Measures based on existing or
future bilateral agreements between
the Euro pean Comm unities and
certain Member States87and the
countries and principalities
concerne d, providi ng for:San Marino, Mo naco,
Andorra, Vatican City
State.Indefinite The geo graphical situation and
historical, economic a nd cultural links
between the Membe r States of the
Europea n Commu nities and the
countries and principalities conce rned.
a) the right o f establishment fo r
juridical and natural pe rsons
and;
b) waiving the re quireme nts of
work per mits for nat ural
persons supplyin g services.
87The F ollowin g Member S tates are  covered: Bel gium, Denmark , France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy , Luxemb ourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, S pain a nd U nited K ingdom.
Sectororsubsector Descriptionofmeasureindicating
itsinconsistencywithArticleIICountriestowhichthe
measureappliesIntendedduration Conditionscreatingtheneedforthe
exemption
All sectors Measures based upo n bilateral
agreements between Italy and t hird
countries gua ranteeing w ork
permits for seasonal wor kers.States in Central Eastern
and South -Eastern Eu rope
and in the Mediterranea n
Basin.Indefinite Seasonal shortages of wor kers and to
ensure the o rderly move ment of seasonal
workers.
All sectors -
principally
construction a nd hotel
and cateringMeasures based upo n bilateral
agreements between Comm unity
Member States88and Eur opean and
Mediterranean c ountries
guaranteein g wor k permits, f or the
purposes of tempo rary c ontract
work, o n the basis of contracts
between an em ployer of the third
country conce rned a nd a c ompa ny
in the Member State concerned ,
and which permit limited n umbers
of worke rs from the co untries
concerne d to be emplo yed in
certain service sectors;  the
numbers are subject to va riation
according to criteria established in
the agreement.States in Central, Eastern
and South -Eastern Eu rope,
including Russia, Ukraine,
Belarus and Ge orgia, a nd
in the Mediterranea n
Basin.Indefinite.
Exemption needed ,
for certain c ountries,
only u ntil an
economic inte gration
agreement is
conclude d or
completed.The agreeme nts form part o f a broader
initiative to assist the countries
concerne d in their process of econ omic
transition and develop ment.
____ ______
88The F ollowin g Member S tates are  covered: Bel gium, Denmark , France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy , Luxemb ourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, S pain a nd U nited King dom.
