RESTRICTEDWORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/COMTD/W/84
11 May 2001
(01-2454)
Committee on Trade and Development
Thirty-Third Session
WTO PROGRAMME FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Three-Year Plan (2001-2003)
Follow-up
Table of Content
Page No.
INTRODUCTION 3
SECTION ONE: BACKGROUND 3
I. INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS 3
II. THE SUPPLY SIDE: WHAT THE WTO CAN OFFER 6
SECTION TWO: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (OTHER THAN LDCs) 13
AND ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION
I. OVERVIEW 13
II. THREE-YEAR PLAN FOR AFRICAN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 17
2001-2003
A. O VERVIEW 17
B. S TRUCTURE OF THE REGION :  M AIN REGIONAL AND SUB-REGIONAL 17
ORGANIZATIONS
C. S UMMARY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES IN 1998-2000 20
D. S UGGESTED PLAN OF ACTION FOR 2001-2003 21
Table 1a:The Supply Side: Regional Seminars Training Courses, Workshops 22
Table 2a:Summary Tables of Technical Assistance Requirements 25
III. THREE-YEAR PLAN FOR ASIA-PACIFIC DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 41
2001-2003
A. O VERVIEW 41
B. S TRUCTURE OF THE REGION :  M AIN REGIONAL AND SUB-REGIONAL 42
ORGANIZATIONS
C. S UMMARY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES IN 1998-2000 43
D. S UGGESTED PLAN OF ACTION FOR 2001-2003 45
Table 1b:The Supply Side: Regional Seminars Training Courses, Workshops 46
Table 2b:Country Tables of Technical Assistance Requirements 51WT/COMTD/W/84
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IV. THREE-YEAR PLAN FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN 64
AND CENTRAL ASIAN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2001-2003
A. O VERVIEW 64
B. S TRUCTURE OF THE REGION :  M AIN REGIONAL AND SUB-REGIONAL 65
ORGANIZATIONS
C. S UMMARY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES , 1998-2000 66
D. S UGGESTED PLAN OF ACTION FOR 2001-2003 68
Table 1c:The Supply Side: Regional Seminars, Training Courses, Workshops 70
Table 2c:Country Tables of Technical Assistance Requirements 78
V. THREE-YEAR PLAN FOR LATIN AMERICAN AND 120
THE CARIBBEAN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2001-2003
A. O VERVIEW 120
B. S TRUCTURE OF THE REGION :  M AIN REGIONAL AND SUB-REGIONAL 121
ORGANIZATIONS
C. S UMMARY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES IN 1998-2000 124
D. S UGGESTED PLAN OF ACTION FOR 2001-2003 126
Table 1d:The Supply Side: Regional Seminars, Training Courses, Workshops 128Table 2d:Country Tables of Technical Assistance Requirements 137
VI. THREE-YEAR PLAN FOR MIDDLE EAST DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 154
2001-2003
A. O
VERVIEW 154
B. S TRUCTURE OF THE REGION :  M AIN REGIONAL AND SUB-REGIONAL 155
ORGANIZATIONS
C. S UMMARY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES IN 1998-2000 155
D. S UGGESTED PLAN OF ACTION FOR 2001-2003 157
Table 1e: The Supply Side:  Regional Seminars, Training Courses, Workshops 158Table 2e: Country Tables of Technical Assistance Requirements 161
SECTION THREE:  LEAST-DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 177
A. OVERVIEW 177
TABLE VI: INTRODUCTION TO PRIORITIES FOR LDCs' MULTI-YEAR  178
PROGRAMME
ANNEX I: Technical Assistance on Customs Valuation 185WT/COMTD/W/84
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INTRODUCTION
Contrary to past practice, the first release (O ctober 2000) of the three-year plan for technical
assistance covering the period 2001-2003 contained simply a listing of responses received to-date to
the questionnaire that was addressed to developing countries (excluding LDCs) in July 2000 asking
them to identify their technical assistance needs for this period.
This document provides additional information on requests received for technical assistance
from developing countries and follows the strategy developed for technical assistance which is now
before the Committee on Trade and Development (WT/COMTD/W/78).  In assessing the needs of
beneficiary countries for technical assistance, a proactive approach was used in that countries were
assisted in formulating their training and were also informed of the technical assistance available.
Such an iterative process is likely to give a better end-product than simply receiving lists of demandsfrom beneficiary countries.  The mix of supply/demand therefore contains activities offered by the
WTO as well as activities aimed at meeting specific demands submitted to the WTO in replies to the
questionnaire (Annex 1 to the Strategy Paper).  The activities offered by the WTO include short trade
policy courses, dispute settlement courses, national seminars and technical missions, as well as
regional workshops organized in Geneva and/or in different regions.  The objectives of the WTOtechnical assistance programme are to address exclusively issues covered by the WTO's mandate.
The proposed programme of activities follows the framework of a multi-year technical
assistance programme for beneficiary countries as outlined in Annex 6 of the Strategy Paper.  The
broad objectives at the country level under ideal circumstances are first to provide general informationon the Multilateral Trading System (MTS), followed by improving the country's participation in the
MTS through training on negotiating techniques, the use of the Integrated Date Base, and dispute
settlement courses.  The next step is to deepen beneficiary countries' knowledge of the MTS through
specialized workshops/seminars and the training of trainers activities.  The fourth and last objective is
the domestic implementation of multilateral trade agreements.  This involves the legislative process,notifications, and institutional development, as well as specific training on the domestic operations of
certain agreements such as customs valuation and trade remedies.
The present document is composed of three sections.  The first section deals with the
institutional aspects of technical assistance and addresses the supply side of technical assistance interms of what the WTO can offer.  The second section deals with developing countries (excluding
LDCs) and economies in transitions and identifies WTO's responses at the regional and national levels
to requests for technical assistance emanating from the replies to the questionnaire sent in July 2000
and covering the years 2001-2003.  The third section is dedicated to LDCs and identifies their
requirements for technical assistance.
It must be remembered that WTO's responses to technical assistance needs expressed are
contingent upon the availability of adequate financial and human resources.
SECTION ONE: BACKGROUND
I. INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS
The programme presented below covers a three-year period.  The more forward-looking the
programme, the more likely there will be revisions.  The approach consists of several steps:
a) Involvement of WTO Divisions
Using as primary input the listing of technical assistance activities in the three-year plan
circulated in October 2000, discussions were held with WTO Divisions to review these countryWT/COMTD/W/84
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demands. This review took into account the work programme of each Division, missions conducted in
the past to these countries, knowledge obtained from WTO representatives in Geneva missions and
from various WTO Committees on issues such as implementation, the built-in agenda, etc.  The
purpose of this review was to determine how best to respond to the needs expressed, to suggest
modifications if necessary, and to propose a plan of action to ensure a logical sequencing of activities
based on the availability of human and financial resources.  The WTO trade policy reviews provided amuch-needed input to the needs identification and other domestic trade-related information.
b) Involvement of Regional Secretariats
Where applicable, contact was made with regional secretariats to evaluate the extent to which
the needs identified by countries were similar in nature to those of countries not responding to thequestionnaire, in order to assess the feasibility of undertaking regional seminars.  Information was
also obtained on other issues of potential interest to the member states of regional secretariats and it
was examined to what extent financing and their participation in conducting the planned technical
assistance activities in their region would be possible in line with the MOUs signed.  These regional
organizations which interact on a regular basis with their member states, are in a key position to offeradvice to the WTO Secretariat, not only on the nature of activities most in need but also in helping to
determine the best mode of delivery.
c) Discussions with National Focal Points/Committees
Following the review with WTO Divisions and regional secretariats, final discussions took
place with the focal point or representative(s) of the WTO National Committee in each country and/or
the Permanent Mission representative to the WTO to finalize a programme of activities especially
for 2001.  Implementation of this programme is, of course, subject to the availability of human and
financial resources and would be done in cooperation with other trade-related organizations providing
technical assistance.
d) Developing the Technical Assistance Programme
The three-year plan takes into account and builds upon the work already carried out at the
country level.  The list of activities undertaken  during 1998-2000 was an integral part of the planning
process.  The mix of supply and demand should remain flexible in order to modulate the various
objectives in the light of regional specificities and to address national priorities.
The programme presented below is designed to maximize coherence.  Thus, the objectives
proceed from the more general to the more specific and specialized areas.  Whereas it is intended that
each stage builds upon the results of the previous one, this does not preclude the pursuit of two or
more objectives in parallel and simultaneously, keeping in mind the national and sub-regionalpriorities.
Where feasible, the collaboration of regional organizations will be sought according to the
activities developed.  Such assistance ensures a more efficient use of human and financial resources.
It is expected to actively associate former WTO trainees with the programme, thus creating a nationalnetwork of experts in each country.  In addition, it is envisaged to include colleagues from the
Geneva-based Permanent Missions in the seminars.  Experience has shown that their contribution can
be valuable, as their participation in the seminars can make a direct link between the information
collected at the national level and how it is translated into action in Geneva by the country
representatives.
It is clear that such a programme of technical assistance, and especially one extending over a
three-year period, must contain some flexibility to meet unplanned and urgent needs.  Since the
demand for technical assistance will more than likely always outstrip the availability of resources,
priorities should be given to planned activities, with a second window for ad hoc requests.  So thatWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 5
ad hoc requests can be more rigorously managed, a reserve representing a fixed percentage of the
regular  budget and of voluntary contributions has been established.
It must be remembered, however, that a large percentage of voluntary contributions is
earmarked by donors for specific agreements and/or beneficiary countries.  It should also be noted
that some of the earmarked contributions do not match the needs identified.  This hit-or-missapproach is not conducive to the rigorous programming Members expect.
In developing the three-year plan for technica l assistance, the following institutional aspects
will also contribute to complementing  and supplementing the individual activities planned at the
national and regional levels.  Among these are:
i) Monitoring and Evaluation
Follow-up, monitoring and evaluation of WTO's technical cooperation are an integral part of
this programme to ensure an optimum use of resources.  Monitoring will be carried out on an ongoing
basis in order to assess and appraise the implementation of this programme, at the national level.  The
evaluation of the programme will appraise the relevance, performance and success of technicalcooperation activities being carried out.  The monitoring and evaluation functions will be based on
feedback from participants, the beneficiary country and the WTO.
ii) Trade Policy Reviews
The objectives of trade policy reviews are:
• to increase transparency and understanding of countries' trade policies and
practices, through regular monitoring,
• to improve the quality of public and intergovernmental debate on the issues,
• to enable a multilateral assessment of the effects of policies on the world trading
system.
Use is being made of this review exercise to take a more detailed stock of the problems and
constraints countries are facing as WTO Members, and thus identify the technical assistance
requirements needed to remedy those problems.
iii) Cooperation with other International Organizations and Consultants
To enhance efficiency in the delivery of technical assistance, avoid duplication and strengthen
cooperative and complementary efforts among international organizations and agencies, the
Secretariat is associating relevant bodies where they have a comparative advantage.  As a first step,
the "Guide to Sources of Trade-Related Technical Assistance" published by the WTO Secretariat in
November 2000, which contains a compilation of existing sources of WTO-related technicalassistance, is being used to identify areas of possible collaboration.  Technical assistance will also be
provided through consultants to the extent that the budgetary situation in the WTO allows.
iv) Addressing the private sector
While governments negotiate multilateral trade agreements, the private sector is the main
actor in the economy that will directly face the challenges, opportunities and constraints of theagreements.  The Strategy Paper refers to the beneficiary at the constituent level as including
government officials as a priority, and parliamentarians, private sector representatives, academia,WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 6
NGOs and civil society.  To address the private sector, a specific programme is carried out by the
International Trade Centre (ITC) called "World Tr@de Net", geared towards establishing an interface
to facilitate the following:
• communication of information to entrepreneurs and company managers on world
trading system issues;
• dialogue between business and government representatives on the concerns of
trade and industry;
• experience-sharing between countries on how new challenges and opportunities
are being addressed;
To reinforce this communication/consultation process, ITC has launched a new service which
builds the technical and operational capacities of "national network" concerned with the WTO and the
world trading system and provides ongoing support to the activities of each national network.  These
national networks involve the direct participation of traders and producers, business and industrialassociations, trade promotion officials, business consultants and specialized lawyers, academics and
professional trainers, and trade journalists.  The WTO is participating in this programme.
v) Cooperation with Bilateral Donors and other Agencies
Recognizing that many donor countries and ag encies are actively involved in providing
bilateral technical assistance, the WTO Secretariat will cooperate with these agencies.  Theprogrammes referred to vary from assisting countries in their accession process to helping them with
legislative and implementation issues regarding their WTO commitments.
II. THE SUPPLY SIDE: WHAT THE WTO CAN OFFER
The WTO organizes a variety of activities, both in Geneva and in the regions.  Among these
are courses, seminars, workshops and technical missions covering a range of subjects, Reference
Centres, etc..
a) Short Trade Policy Courses
The duration of Short Trade Policy Courses is  between one and three weeks.  Their main
purpose is to provide participants with an opportunity to be exposed to the WTO Agreements and to
address both theoretical and practical issues.  Since these courses take place at the regional level, they
have the added advantage that those attending sometimes face similar problems in the implementationof WTO Agreements and can thus share information.  Also the fact that participants may represent
countries with a different degree of WTO experience (long-time Members and others in the process of
accession) is an added benefit for the "newcomers" to the system.
b). Dispute Settlement Workshops and Courses
i)  Geneva-based
In accordance with Article 27.3 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the
Settlement of Disputes (DSU), the Technical Cooperation Division, jointly with the Legal Affairs
Division, organizes training courses on dispute settlement. The objective of these courses is to
enhance the understanding of officials from devel oped and developing country Members, as well as
from acceding countries, of the DSU so as to enable  them to advise their governments effectively on
all matters relating to the implementation and application of WTO Agreements. The programme
includes a general presentation on the WTO system, followed by detailed presentations on the disputeWT/COMTD/W/84
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settlement procedures.  The courses also contain an important practical component requiring active
involvement and interaction from the participants, through case studies and simulated panel exercises.
ii) Regional
The Secretariat, with the financial assistance of donor governments, also holds regional and
sub-regional workshops on dispute settlement procedures and practices for government officials from
developing countries and economies in transition. The objective is the same as for the courses held inGeneva, the difference being that the regional seminar brings together officials from the region,
whereas the Geneva courses are open to all Members and observers.
c) Trade Negotiations Simulations
The trade negotiations simulation exercise is pragmatic and aims at making the participants to
the exercise acquainted with the WTO’s trade practices. The objective in the simulation exercise is theliberalisation of international trade through tariff negotiations.  The exercise focuses on enhancing
negotiating skills and techniques in the area of market access for industrial and agricultural products
and allows the participants to explore different aspects of trade negotiations in goods in the WTO. The
participants (maximum 24) are divided into four groups representing four countries. They are put into
a real tariff negotiation situation, where they make offers and requests, and experience the WTOtechnicalities through a series of bilateral and multilateral negotiations. The course lasts five days and
is organised according to a schedule and a background document distributed in advance to the
participants.  The courses can be held on either a national or regional level. Following the replies to
the questionnaires on technical assistance, it is the Secretariat's intention to conduct Trade
Negotiations Simulation Exercises covering as many countries and regions as possible.
d) Establishing Reference Centres
The establishment of WTO Reference Centres in Member countries has contributed to
improved information flows between the WTO Secretariat and these Members.  As part of thisprogramme, the WTO provides training and docu mentation, including a set of CD-ROMs developed
by the WTO.  While this programme was initially geared towards least-developed countries, it has
since been extended to other countries on the under standing that the Government in question procures
its own computer equipment and ensures Internet connectivity.  Reference Centres have become
indispensable sources of information on the WTO for governments and the business community.
e) Agriculture and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
For many countries, agriculture is considered a main source of employment and revenue, and,
as a logical consequence, WTO Membership had difficulties in the implementation of WTO
commitments. Most of the difficulties relate to enhanced competition from foreign producers on the
domestic markets, while these countries simultaneously face difficulties in effectively competing on
international markets, reduced scope for effective government support by way of direct and indirectsubsidies (domestic support), elimination of WTO-inconsistent non-tariff barriers, including
quantitative restrictions, articifial price support schemes, etc. Moreover, technical difficulties are
faced in meeting WTO notification requirements for annually submitting the required information and
data to the WTO Secretariat. A related issue is that countries often face constraints in their exports
resulting from sanitary and phytosanitary requirements in the markets of exports.
Moreover, further negotiations have been launched under the aegis of the Agreement, which
will require countries to make further concessions. It is important for Member countries to be
adequately informed about the negotiating process. A number of regional seminars are planned for the
different geographical regions.WT/COMTD/W/84
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f) Rules (Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Anti-Dumping, Safeguards)
The WTO Agreements on Anti-Dumping, Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, and
Safeguards, as well as the Understanding on State Tr ading Enterprises, impose very complex and highly
technical obligations on Members, and their implem entation requires technical expertise and skill which
is often not available in Member countries.  The Ru les Division, therefore, faces constant requests from
Members for training and legal assistance at a high-l evel of expertise.  Responding to these requests is
one of the most important tasks of the Rules Divi sion in the implementation process and is largely done
in the following ways:
(i) Workshops are held to prepare national inves tigating authorities to use contingent trade
remedies (anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguards measures) in a WTO-consistent
manner.  Over the past several years, an increasing number of countries have identifiedthe need for some form of contingent trade protection as a quid pro quo  for
comprehensive trade liberalization. As a result  of the work already done in this area in
previous years, the level of technicality of these workshops is constantly increasing, in
order to deal with specific subjects whic h arise in the conduct of trade remedies
investigations. Thus, the Rules Division car ries out advanced workshops for trade
remedies administrators, where the level of  technical expertise would warrant such an
approach. Such workshops can, for example specifically address the subject of injury
determinations in trade remedies investigations and/or dumping margin calculations. In
other cases, the courses would address more basic issues.
(ii) In the area of subsidies, the Division prepares workshops to reinforce Members'
understanding of their obligations regarding the notification of subsidies and of the
multilateral disciplines applicable to the gr anting of subsidies.  The workshops aim to
provide Members with the knowledge and analytical tools necessary to make an
inventory of their subsidies programmes and to assess their WTO obligations with
respect to those programmes. Participants in these subsidy workshops include
government officials from agencies which administer subsidy programmes, as well as
capital-based officials responsible for WTO affairs.
It is proposed to hold a number of regional seminars (training workshops) on Rules covering
the above-mentioned issues are foreseen.
g) Market Access
The Market Access Division, in conjunction with the Technical Cooperation Division, World
Customs Organization and external consultants, provides technical assistance on the following issues
under its administration:  tariff issues and non-tariff barriers, and implementations of the WTOAgreements on customs valuation, preshipment inspection, import licensing, and rules of origin.
Assistance is further provided on the Informatio n Technology Agreement (ITA), and the WTO work
programme on trade facilitation.
Assistance on market access issues is furnished in the context of market-access seminars and
workshops, and technical missions which are conducted to help developing and acceding countries
with the preparation and transposition of their tariff schedules.  In addition, a particular assistance
programme was devised for the implementation of the Customs Valuation Agreement (refer to Annex
1 for further information).  It is proposed to hold a number of regional seminars on Market Access.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 9
h) Services
Regional seminars on services aim at disseminating information on the structure and
functioning of the General Agreement on Services (GATS), its potential role in integrating national
services sectors in the international economy, and the consequences for the scheduling of market
access and national treatment obligations under GATS.  Due to budget and manpower constraints, the
Services Division is not always able to meet the high and rapidly growing demand on its resources,which is driven in part by developing countries' interest in preparing themselves effectively for the
new round of services negotiations and regarding acceding countries' need to understand the operation
of the Agreement and the implications of commitments envisaged in the accession process.
It is thus desirable to pursue disseminating such information through seminars and to assist
countries in their preparation for further services negotiations. These seminars consist of various
components and are mostly interactive, with participants making direct inputs and contributions. They
include lectures and detailed explanations on the GATS, its rules, its operational and institutionalprovisions and the sectoral Agreements, and on the continuation of liberalisation efforts undertaken in
GATS, and a self-assessment test.
These seminars contribute to generating deeper knowledge on the GATS, encourage further
country-internal coordination and cooperation between sector-specific bodies (ministries, agencies,
regulators, industry associations) and the departments in charge of GATS, and in-depth training ofstaff whose daily workload often prevents them from closely monitoring developments in Geneva. It
also helps to establish longer-term working relations  with Trade in Services Division staff.  A number
of regional seminars on services are foreseen.
i) Regionalism
Most countries in the world, on all continents, are now members of regional trade agreements
customs unions, free trade areas or other preferential arrangements.  Overall, more than 200 regional
trade agreements (RTAs) have been notified to the GATT or WTO over time.  Currently over
130 agreements are in force. Most have been concluded in the past ten years.  The Committee onRegional Trade Agreements monitors developments in this field. The network of RTAs throughout
the world is now highly complex and many countries are members of several agreements, sometimes
with very different rules.  Frequently-asked questions concern the conditions that apply to creating
RTAs and their compatibility with WTO rules and disciplines, and what the specific rules are in the
WTO.  From a more generic perspective, the question for the WTO is whether growth of regionalgroups helps or hinders the development of the WTO's multilateral trading system.
The question has explicitly arisen in a number of countries to address the issue of regionalism
in a regional seminar from different perspectives, including the main features of existing
arrangements and their compatibility with WTO rules.  One specific feature of some of the existing
arrangements is that they apply between WTO Members on the one hand and countries that are either
observer or have no status in the WTO.
It is proposed to address these issues in a number of regional seminars.WT/COMTD/W/84
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j) Trade and Environment
The WTO regularly conducts regional training seminars on trade and environment. The
purpose behind the seminars is to have trade officials meet their environmental counterparts and
exchange views, and gain a better understanding of trade and environment discussions in the WTO
and their implications for their regions.  The seminars contribute to increasing awareness of WTO'srole and activities in this area and to prepare par ticipants for future discussions in the WTO. More
precisely, the objectives of such seminars are to:
• enhance the understanding that greater coordination between trade and environmental
policy makers is vital for policy coherence at both the national and international levels.
Trade officials are exposed to the views of their environmental counterparts (and vice
versa).  Through concrete case studies, e.g. on the relationship between multilateral
environmental Agreements (MEAs) and WTO rules, it is demonstrated how a lack ofproper coordination can result in the negotiation of what are potentially conflicting
international obligations;
• having government officials from both the trade and the environmental sides meet with
their regional counterparts and exchange country experiences and views. They reflect
both formally and informally on the implications of WTO trade and environmentdiscussions on their region as a whole.
Given the ongoing discussion on the issue of trade and environment in the WTO and the
likelihood that the issue will remain on the agenda for future negotiations, it is intended to undertake a
number of regional seminars on the issue.
k) Competition Policy
Paragraph 22 of the Singapore Ministerial Declaration provides that the technical assistance
programme of the Secretariat shall be made available to developing and, in particular, least-developedcountry Members to facilitate their participation in the work of the WTO Working Group on the
Interaction between Trade and Competition Policy (WGTCP) which is established by Paragraph 20 of
the Declaration. More specifically, the purpose of WTO's technical assistance programme in this area
has been to facilitate countries' participation in the WTO's work on trade and competition policy by:
(i) disseminating information on technical and policy developments relating to trade and competitionpolicy, both among Geneva-based delegates and in the regions;  and (ii) exposing delegates directly
to, and enabling them to enter into a two-way dialogue with knowledgeable academics and experts
from the private sector and civil society as well as senior capital-based competition policy officials
from developed and developing countries on the questions before the WTO in this area.  To ensure a
wider dissemination of information on competition policy for countries, it is proposed to hold a
number of regional seminars.
l) Intellectual Property
Technical assistance is an important part of the mandate contained in the Agreement on
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and meant to facilitate its
implementation. Developed country Members shall provide, on request and on mutually agreed terms
and conditions, technical and financial assistance in favour of developing and least-developed country
Members. Such cooperation shall include assistance in the preparation of laws and regulations on theprotection and enforcement of intellectual property rights as well as on the prevention of their abuse,
and shall include support regarding the establishment or reinforcement of domestic offices and
agencies relevant to these matters, including the training of personnel.WT/COMTD/W/84
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In order to ensure that information on available assistance is readily accessible and to
facilitate the monitoring of compliance with the obligation of Article 67, developed country Members
have agreed to present descriptions of their relevant technical and financial assistance programmes
and to update this annually. For transparency, intergovernmental organizations have also presented,
on the invitation of the Council, information on their activities.
Technical assistance is one of the three main areas covered by the Agreement between the
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the WTO.  The cooperation agreement provides
that the International Bureau of WIPO and the WTO Secretariat shall enhance cooperation in their
legal technical assistance and technical cooperation activities relating to the TRIPS Agreement for
developing countries, so as to maximize the usefulness of those activities and ensure their mutually
supportive nature.
From the replies to the questionnaires, there appears to be a strong need for countries to
assistance provided by the WTO and other agencies.  Many countries have been required to introduce
and/or amend legislation in specific areas, and domestic institutions seem not always to be adequately
prepared to face the implementation commitments co ntained in the Agreement. This is the reason for
planning a number of regional seminars which would allow countries to gather further informationand share experiences among themselves.
m) Integrated Data Base
On 24 June 1997, the Committee on Market Access approved a draft decision on the Supply of
Information to the Integrated Database for Pers onal Computers which was forwarded to the General
Council and adopted on 16 July 1997 (document WT/L/225).
The Council decision states:1. That WTO Members shall supply to the Secret ariat, on an annual basis, the information
referred to in document G/MA/IDB/1/Rev.1.
2. That the Secretariat shall, upon request, provide technical assistance to Members in
relation to the submission of the data required for the Integrated Data Base for Personal
Computers.
3. That the submission of the data required for the Integrated Data Base for Personal
Computers shall not prejudice the rights and obligations of Members under the WTO
Agreements."
The prime focus is to accept what is readily ava ilable in national capitals in order to minimize
Members' response burden and to improve the particip ation in the IDB with useful, quality and timely
data.  When computerized data are not available in  capitals or are being set-up, the Secretariat could
provide technical assistance to Members upon request.
IDB submissions comprise imports, tariffs, reference information and national tariff correlations
showing changes in the national tariff nomenclature from one year to the next.  The information is to be
supplied annually starting from data referring to 1996.  The deadlines established for the supply of
information by the Committee on Market Access (s ee G/MA/IDB/1/Rev.1/Add.1)  are 30 March for the
tariffs of the current year and 30 September for the imports of the previous year. For Members that do
not base their tariffs on a calendar year, the deadline s are adjusted to take into account the dates when
the national tariff comes into force.  In order to meet the specific requests made by countries, it is theintention of the Secretariat to organize a number of workshops on the IDB to assist countries in
providing the required data.WT/COMTD/W/84
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n) Interns/Trainees
The WTO offers the possibility to officials from Members and acceding countries to
participate as interns and/or in WTO's regular work through various programmes, sponsored by
donors.  Following completion of their stay at the WT O, these officials return to their capital and thus
make use directly of their experience and acquired knowledge. In addition to the training and skillsobtained on WTO Agreements, such a stay offers the advantage for the officials to build a network of
contacts that is likely to be useful for performing WTO related tasks back in their capital.
o) University Project
It is recognized that the wider dissemination and/or deepening of knowledge and information
on the WTO multilateral trading system is best done at the early stages of education, which has led tothe launching of the 'University project'.  On the initiative of universities, the WTO agrees to provide
information and documentation and occasionally make presentations and lectures at these universities
when combined with an in-country visit.  Also, on these occasions, ways can be further explored to
reinforce existing links and creating new ones for the purpose of disseminating information on the
WTO.  These include:
• using different information technologies
• distance learning programmes
• organizing seminars/conferences through video conferencing
• disseminating training and documentation material
• cooperating/sponsoring initiatives for WTO curricula
• assisting, when possible in short training and/or regular training courses.
p) Outreach: contacts with press
An important way of reaching a larger public and to ensure that WTO-related information is
disseminated accurately is by more closely associating the press to WTO activities.  Whenevertechnical cooperation activities are held in countries, the WTO representative requests the contact
point in the country to ensure that the press is info rmed of the relevant event.  The role of the WTO
representative is to provide more detailed information by way of short briefings and by answering
questions.
The above describes in some detail the supply side of what WTO can offer in terms of
assistance at the regional level to developing countries and economies in transition.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 13
SECTION TWO: DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (OTHER THAN LDCs)
AND ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION
I. OVERVIEW
A preliminary indication of technical assistance needs for the period of 2001-2003 amounts to
CHF 11,464,124.  The table below provides the breakdown by geographical region and by year in
terms of regional and national activities.  This amount should be supplemented by the needs of
countries not responding to the questionnaire (the response rate was 54 per cent) as well as by ad hoc
requests of an urgent and important nature which could not be foreseen some six to twelve months
ago by beneficiary countries when completing the questionnaire.
Three-Year Plan
Demands for Technical Assistance 2001-2003
CHF
(excluding LDCs)
Region / Activities 2001 2002 2003 TOTAL(1)
AFRICA 1,373,828 585,267 476,868 2,437,963
National 252,319 232,074 163,675 648,068
Regional (including the follow-up
activities to the Libreville Ministerial
Meeting)1,123,509 353,193 313,193 1,789,895
ASIA AND PACIFIC 1,125,947 1,085,786 912,769 3,224,502
National 398,639 41,228 8,210 448,077
Regional 827,308 1,044,558 904,559 2,776,425
CENTRAL & EASTERN EUROPE &
CENTRAL ASIA1,311,288 1,299,445 640,236 3,250,969
National 349,263 204,445 124,236 677,944
Regional (including the Third Geneva
Week)962,025 1,095,000 516,00 2,573,025
LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN 886,890 211,400 49,900 1,148,190
National 334,470 67,200 -- 401,670
Regional (including the Caribbean and
the Latin American Ministerial Meetings)552,420 144,200 49,900 746,520
MIDDLE EAST 354,300 545,200 503,000 1,402,500
National 117,300 105,200 45,000 267,500
Regional 237,000 440,000 458,000 1,135,000
TOTAL 5,154,253 3,727,098 2,582,773 11,464,124
National 1,451,991 650,147 341,121 2,442,259
Regional (2)3,702,262 3,076,951 2,241,652 9,020,865
NOTE:
(1) The demand is based on a response rate of 54% to the
questionnaire on Technical Assistance needs for 2001.
(2) Conferences and symposia are
included under regional activities.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 14
Response Rate to the Technical Assistance
Questionnaire
Number
(excluding LDCs)
Continent Countries  covered Countries
respondingResponse rate
AFRICA  19  10 53%
ASIA AND PACIFIC  26  7 27%
CENTRAL & EASTERN EUROPE and
CENTRAL ASIA 26  24 92%
LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN  31  11 35%
MIDDLE EAST  9  8 89%
TOTAL  111  60 54%
In responding to specific demands formulated by countries replying to the questionnaire on
technical assistance, the Technical Cooperation Division was in contact with their Geneva Mission,
sought inputs from WTO Divisions, and took into  consideration the technical assistance provided
during the period of 1998-2000.  The priorities reflected in column 2 of Tables b for the nationalactivities of the geographical regions of this report listing the activities for individual countries reflect
the consideration of all of the parameters as well as activities presently supplied by WTO such as
trade policy courses, dispute settlement courses, and regional seminars and workshops.
The graphic below provides an overview of the number of technical assistance activities by
subject covered from 1998-2000.  Not surprisingly, the most important of these are general seminars
and technical missions resulting from the recent creation of the WTO and the new Uruguay Round
Agreements.  As developing countries become more familiar with the WTO Agreements, their
requests for technical assistance become more focu ssed.  In this context, TBT/SPS and issues dealing
with TRIPs have received much attention.  The decision to establish WTO Reference Centres indeveloping countries also accounts for a large number of activities undertaken.  Among the other
important subjects covered in terms of technical activities during the last three years are trade in
services, trade agenda, customs and trade administration, dispute settlement, agriculture, rules, and
trade and environment.
When analysing the breakdown in terms of regional and national activities, regional activities
numbered 462 compared to 346 for national activities.  However, at the individual subject level, there
are wide variations as can been seen insofar as TBT/SPS activities are covered where the number
undertaken at the regional level (48) was twice the number at the national level (24). A similar
distribution favouring regional activities exists for TRIPs (30 vs. 13), textiles and clothing (11 vs. 4),
trade and environment (22 vs. 3), trade and compe tition (17 vs. 1), electronic commerce (10 vs. 5),
dispute settlement (21 vs. 9), and others.
National activities are more important in number than regional activities for such subjects as general
seminars and technical mission (64 vs. 54), market access (10 vs. 3), customs and trade administration
(33 vs. 2), rules (17 vs. 10), accession (14 vs. 3) , and of course, WTO Reference Centres (48 vs. 4).
The table below provided additional detailWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 15
Total number of technical assistance activities by subject covered (1998-2000)
0 1 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 0
Short Trade Policy Courses
Seminars and technical missions
Trade Agenda
Conferences and symposia
TA-Trade Policy Review
Notifications
Negotiating techniques
Goods: Market Access
Integrated Data Base
Agriculture
Textiles and Clothing
TBT/SPS
Customs and trade administration
Goods:Rules
Trade in Services
TRIPS
Accession
Regionalism
Trade and Development
Trade and Environment
Trade and Investment
Trade and Competition Policy
Government Procurement
Trade Facilitation
Electronic Commerce
Dispute Settlement
WTO Reference Centres
Regional National
Explanatory notes:
1. Each activity is counted as one without taking into account its duration
2. An activity is included under "Seminars and Technical Missions" when it covered two or more WTO
Agreements.
3. Trade Agenda refers to activities covering the provision of up-to-date information on the state-of-play
of mandated negotiation and the preparations for Ministerial Session as well as briefings.
4. The entry "Goods: Market Access" includes all activities related to tariff negotiations/renegotiations,
transportation of tariff schedules and ITA.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 16
Total number of technical assistance activities
by subject covered (1998-2000)
SUBJECT REGIONAL NATIONAL TOTAL
Short Trade Policy Course 12 0 12
Seminars and technical missions 54 64 118
Trade Agenda 46 18 64
Conferences and Symposia 65 10 75
TA – Trade Policy Review 5 8 13
Notifications 1 3 4
Negotiating techniques 8 7 15
Market Access 3 10 13
Integrated Data base 5 7 12
Agriculture 18 10 28
Textiles and Clothing 11 4 15
TBT/SPS 48 24 72
Customs trade administration 2 33 35
Goods: Rules 10 17 27
Services 35 25 60
TRIPs 30 13 43
Accession 3 14 17
Regionalism 6 5 11
Trade and Development 14 1 15
Trade and Environment 22 3 25
Trade and Investment 4 3 7
Trade and Competition 17 1 18
Government Procurement 7 4 11
Trade Faciliations 1 0 1
Electronic Commerce 10 5 15
Dispute Settlement 21 9 30
WTO Reference Centre 4 48 52
GRAND TOTAL 462 346 808WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 17
II. THREE-YEAR PLAN FOR AFRICAN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2001-2003
A. OVERVIEW
Nineteen African developing countries are considered in this section (cf. Table 1);  the LDCs
are handled separately. Sixteen of these 19 countries were Contracting Parties to the GATT and areMembers of the WTO. Of the remaining 3, Algeria and Seychelles are in accession while Libya has
not yet expressed  an interest in becoming a Member.
African Developing Countries
WTO
MemberStatus Replied to
questionnaire on
technical assistanceTrade Policy 
Review
Algeria in accession
since
17 June 87
Botswana 13 May 95 SACU* 1998
Cameroon 13 December 95 X 1995; 2001
Congo 1 January 97
Côte d'Ivoire 1 January 95 1995
Egypt 30 June 95 X 1999
Gabon 1 January 95 X 2001
Ghana 1 January 95 X 1992;  2001
Kenya 1 January 95 X 1993
Libya
Mauritius 1 January 95 X 1995; 2001
Morocco 1 January 95 X 1996
Namibia 1 January 95 SACU 1998
Nigeria 1 January 95 X 1998
Seychelles in accession
since
11 July 95
South Africa 1 January 95 X SACU 1998
Swaziland 1 January 95 SACU 1998
Tunisia 29 March 95 1994
Zimbabwe 3 March 95 1995
*SACU: Southern  African Customs Union
The last few years have seen some important positive changes in Africa. One of these changes
has been the commitment of several countries to export-oriented economic policies and the reduction
of commitments to import-substitution thinking. There has also been an increased focus on trade inthe context of regional agreements – specially the Southern African Development Community
(SADC), the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), and the Common Market for
Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA).
B. STRUCTURE OF THE REGION : MAIN REGIONAL AND SUB -REGIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
The existence of a variety of Sub-Regional Organizations is a characteristic of the Region.
Below is the membership of the 10 most important regional and sub-regional organizations.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 18 Membership of African Developing Countries
in Regional and Sub- Region Organizations
Countries AMU CEMAC COMESA ECCAS ECOWAS OAU/
AECSADC WAEMU IGAD IOC
Headquarters Rabat Bangui Lusaka Libreville Abuja Ethiopia Gaborone Ouaga-
dougouDjibouti Mauritius
Algeria X X
Botswana XX
Cameroon X X X
Congo
(Brazza.)XX X
Côte d'Ivoire XX X
Egypt X X
Gabon X X X
Ghana XX
Kenya X X X
Libya X X
Mauritius X X X X
Morocco X X
Namibia X X X
Nigeria XX
Seychelles X X X X
South Africa XX
Swaziland X X XWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 19Countries AMU CEMAC COMESA ECCAS ECOWAS OAU/
AECSADC WAEMU IGAD IOC
Headquarters Rabat Bangui Lusaka Libreville Abuja Ethiopia Gaborone Ouaga-
dougouDjibouti Mauritius
Tunisia X X
Zimbabwe X X X
Developing
Countries43 7 3 3 1 9 7 1 1 2
LDCs 1 3 13 8 13 34 6 7 6 2
AMU Arab-Maghreb Union
CEMAC Central African Economic and Monetary Community
COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
OAU/AEC Organization of African Unity/African Economic CommunitySADC Southern African Development Community
WAEMU West African Economic and monetary Union
IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on Development
IOC Indian Ocean Commission
Collaboration through MOUs or under other arrangements with the Secretariat of these Regional and Sub-Regional Organizations an d with financial
institutions related to them such as the Central Banks for WAEM U and CEMAC, as well as the African Development Bank, is being e stablished.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 20
C. SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES IN 1998 – 2000
Technical assistance delivered by the WTO Secretariat in the past three years has consisted of
83 activities at national level and 70 activities at regional level. The graphic below shows the
distribution of these technical assistance activities according to the subject-matter.
Number of  technical assistance activities by subject covered (1998-2000)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Short Trade Policy Courses
Seminars and technical missions
Trade Agenda
Conferences and symposia
TA-Trade Policy Review
Notifications
Negotiating techniques
Goods: Market Access
Integrated Data Base
Agriculture
Textiles and Clothing
TBT/SPS
Customs and trade administration
Goods:Rules
Trade in Services
TRIPS
Accession
Regionalism
Trade and Development
Trade and Environment
Trade and Investment
Trade and Competition Policy
Government Procurement
Trade Facilitation
Electronic Commerce
Dispute Settlement
WTO Reference Centres
Regional National
Explanatory notes:
1. Each activity is counted as one without taking into account its duration
2. An activity is included under "Seminars and Technical Missions" when it covered two or more WTO
Agreements.
3. Trade Agenda refers to activities covering the provision of up-to-date information on the state-of-play
of mandated negotiation and the preparations for Ministerial Session as well as briefings.
4. The entry "Goods: Market Access" includes all activities related to tariff negotiations/renegotiations,
transportation of tariff schedules and ITA.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 21
Among the national activities, apart from seminars and technical missions of a general
character and trade agenda, the subject matter more frequently dealt with was reference centres,
customs and trade administration, market access, TB T/SPS, Rules, Services and dispute settlement.
At the regional and sub-regional levels TBT/SPS, TRIPS, trade and environment, agriculture, and
competition policy were the topics more frequently presented.
Some regional seminars and workshops were undertaken jointly with other international
organizations: namely FAO, ITC, ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, the World Bank, and with regional
institutions such as CEMAC, COMESA, or SADC.  Participants from selected African countries have
also assisted in short trade policy courses organized at inter-regional level by UNCTAD, Islamic
Development Bank, or individual countries, in particular in Australia, Singapore, and the United
States.
D. SUGGESTED PLAN OF ACTION FOR 2001-2003
The activities considered in the technical assistance programme for African developing
countries, reflected in tables 1a and 1b below,  respond to specific demands formulated to the WTOby the nine developing countries responding to the questionnaire on technical assistance and result
from contacts with their Geneva mission, inputs from WTO Divisions, and takes into account the
technical assistance provided in 1998-2000.  The priorities reflected in column 2 in Table 1b are the
result of considering all of these above parameters.  As well, it takes into account activities supplied
by the WTO such as trade policy courses, dispute settlement courses, and regional seminars andworkshops.
In establishing the technical assistance programme for African developing countries, one
must take into account the existence of the numerous sub-regional organizations, the traditional divide
among countries due to the working languages i.e. English or French, and the classification of acountry as a developing or LDC. As a large portion of the Trust Funds are primarily directed to LDCs,
the last classification criterion is of special importance should Member countries in the same sub-
regional organization wish to participate in the same activities.
The present document covers the period 2001-2003 and it is only a first approximation for the
years 2002-2003. The financial situation and the earmarked voluntary contributions will dictate how
much can be accomplish.
Through the Memoranda of Understanding signed or in the process of negotiation, a
cooperative effort would be undertaken with th e Economic Commission for Africa (ECA),  the
African Economic Community (AEC),  the ACP General Secretariat, the Commonwealth Secretariat,
COMESA, SADC, and other sub-regional organizations.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 22Table 1a
The Supply Side:
Regional Seminars, Training Courses, Workshops for African Developing Countries
Activity
TitleYear 2001
Location
DurationYear 2002
Location
DurationYear 2003
Location
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Divisions(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Sanitary and
PhytosanitaryMeasures
Regional Seminar for
CEMAC countriesCameroon
3 daysCameroon, Congo, Gabon
(4 officials per country)1 WTO official, 1
consultant, Agric. Div113,000
Sanitary and
Phytosanitary
Measures
Regional SeminarEgypt
3 dayAlgeria, Bahrain Egypt, Iraq, Iran,
Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,
Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar,Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia,United Arab Emirates, Yemen, and
possible observers from countries outside
the region
(58 officials in total)
(paid by CODEX)1 WTO official, Agric.
Div8,885
Training for
Trainers
Regional SeminarEgypt
2 daysEgypt, Burundi, Cameroon, Central
African Republic, Shad, Congo, Lebanon
(12 officials in total)
(paid by UNCTAD)1 WTO official, TCD 8,885
Technical Barriers
to Trade
Regional SeminarGabon
3 daysCameroon, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon,
Ghana
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official, TED 56,500
Poverty Eradication
UN Committee on
Poverty eradication
and development inAfricaKenya
2 days1 WTO official,
Ext. Rel..Div.7,348WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 23Activity
TitleYear 2001
Location
DurationYear 2002
Location
DurationYear 2003
Location
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Divisions(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
WTO Agreements
Regional Seminar for
IOC countriesMauritius
5 daysMauritius, Seychelles
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials 55,674
Textiles and
Clothing
Regional Seminar for
COMESA countriesMauritius
3 daysEgypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Namibia,
Seychelles, Swaziland, Zimbabwe
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official, Textiles
Div.85,000
Sanitary and
Phytosanitary
Measures
Regional Seminar for
SADC countriesBotswana
5 daysBotswana, Mauritius, South Africa,
Swaziland, Zimbabwe
(25 officials in total)1 WTO official no cost for WTO
Trade Policy
Regional Trade Policy
Course for French-
speaking African
Developing CountriesMorocco
2 weeksGabon
2 weeksCameroon
2 weeksAlgeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Cameroon,
Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon
 (2 officials per country)4 WTO officials 420,360
Competition Policy
Regional WorkshopSouth Africa
3 days48 Africa countries
(76 officials in total)2 WTO officials, IPR,
TCD520,000
Trade Policy
Regional Trade Policy
Course for English-
speaking African
countriesSouth Africa
2 weeksSouth Africa
2 weeksSouth Africa
2 weeksBotswana, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya,
Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Seychelles,South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe
(2 officials per country)4 WTO officials 384,219WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 24 Activity
TitleYear 2001
Location
DurationYear 2002
Location
DurationYear 2003
Location
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Divisions(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Textiles and
Clothing
Regional Seminar for
SADC countriesSouth Africa
3 daysBotswana, Mauritius, Namibia,
Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland,
Zimbabwe
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official
Textiles Div.45,000
Integrated Database
Regional SeminarSouth Africa
4 daysBotswana, Kenya, Mauritius, Namibia,
South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official, Stat. Div. 79,956
Agriculture
FAO SeminarEthiopia
5 daysEastern Africa Countries, OAU, ECA:
Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Seychelles
(120 participants in total)
(paid by FAO)1 WTO official, Agric.
Div.5,068
Breakdown of Estimated Cost per Each Calendar Year
Year of Implementation2001 2002 2003 TOTAL
Technical Assistance Activities1,123,509 353,193 313,1931,789,895WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 25Table 2a
Summary Tables of Technical Assistance Requirements
for African Developing Countries1
CAMEROON
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Establishment of a Refe rence Centre (priority
1)A mission to establish a
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days8,035
WTO Agreements (priority 2)A Regional  Seminar on
Sanitary and
Phytosanitary measuresSeminar on WTO
Agreements
2 WTO officials, 4 days17,125Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to information
Setting-up a training centre (priority 6) Combined with Priority 2
under Phase I
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsImpact of WTO Agreements on the economy of
Cameroon. (priority 3)Adaptation of national legislation andregulation to international standards and quality
control (priority 4)A mission for advice on
adapting of nationallegislation
1 WTO official, 3 days8,300
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSNegotiating Skills (priority 5) Seminar on trade
negotiations simulations
1 WTO official, 5 days8,646
TOTAL: ....................................................42,106
                                                     
1 Budget estimates for Regional Seminars, Training Courses and Workshops are covered in Table 1a.  The budget estimates in Table 2a  refer only to national activities.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 26 EGYPT
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Specific WTO Agreements –subsidies and
agriculture (priority 1)Regional Seminar on
Sanitary andPhytosanitary Measures not cost to WTO
Agriculture and DSU (priority 2)Seminar on DSU, with
case studies on agricultureand subsidies
2 WTO officials, 2 days10,900Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to information
Documentation (priority 3) Regional Seminar on
training for trainers,
information resources
(combined with otheractivities programmed)
WTO Reference Centre (priority 4) A Mission to establish a
WTO Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days4,800
Relation between AoA and Subsidies (priority
1)Combined with priority 1
under Phase IPhase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsInterpretation and implementation of AoA –
Use of Special and Differential Treatment,
Subsidies (Article 14) notification (priority 1)Combined with priority
1 under Phase I
Notifications (especially subsidies) and analysisof Notifications (priority 4)Seminar on Notifications
1 WTO official, 3 days5,150
Anti-Dumping (inflation, exchange rate, self
initiation, infant industry and materialretardation) (priority 6)Seminar on Anti-
Dumping
2 WTO officials, 4 days10,830
IDB (priority 8) Seminar on IDB
2 WTO officials, 3 days10,830WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 27EGYPT
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSDispute Settlement DSU Workshop in
GenevaDSU Workshop in
GenevaDSU Workshop in
Geneva
Negotiating skills (priority 7) Seminar on negotiating
skills
1 WTO official, 5 days5,450
Phase IV:
OthersEvaluation of the provision of subsidies and
analysis of notifications (priority 1)Combined with priority 1
under Phase I
Implementing Special and DifferentialTreatment provisions in the Agreement onSubsidies (priority 1)Combined with priority 1
under Phase I
Terms and provisions for transparency of thenotifications (priority 3)Combined with priority 5
under Phase II
                                       
TOTAL : ........................................................................................................47,960WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 28 GABON
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Specific WTO Agreements, e.g. Anti-
Dumping, Customs valuation (priority 1)Seminar on Customs Valuation
1 WTO official, 1 Consultant, 4
days21,361
A Regional Seminar on Technical
Barriers to TradePhase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to information
Documentation (priority 1) Combined with priority 1 under
Phase I
WTO Reference Centre (priority 3)A Mission to enhance the WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days8,450
Information technologies (priority 7)Seminar  on Information
Technologies
1 WTO official, 2 days8,450
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsNotifications (priority 4) A Workshop on Notifications
1 WTO official, 3 days8,900
Integrated Database (priority 5) A Seminar on the Integrated
Database
1 WTO official, 3 days8,900
Specific WTO Agreements, e.g. Anti-
Dumping, Customs Valuation (priority 6)Seminar
1 WTO official, 2 days8,450
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSNegotiations (priority 2 ) Seminar  on Negotiations
1 consultant, 5 days13,304
Dispute Settlement (priority 8) DSU Workshop in Geneva DSU Workshop in Geneva DSU Workshop in
GenevaWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 29GABON
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase IV:
OthersUse of Special and Differential
Treatment provisions (priorities 1, 6 and8)Combined with priorities 1, 6 and
8
                                       
TOTAL : ........................................................................................................77,815WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 30 GHANA
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Functioning of WTO Reference Centre
(priority 1)A Mission to improve the
functioning of the WTOReference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days7,700
Specific WTO Agreements (e.g. GATS,
Anti-Dumping, Subsidies, Safeguards,
Technical Barriers to Trade, Agriculture,Textiles) (priority 2)Seminar on WTO Agreements
2 WTO officials, 4 days16,750Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to information
Documentation (priorities 1 and 2)Combined with priorities 1 and
2 under Phase I
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsAdapting domestic laws and regulations to
WTO AgreementsThis is reflected in JITAP,
Cluster 4
Integrated Database (priority 4) Seminar on the Integrated
Database
1 WTO official, 3 days8,034
Notification Requirements (priority 5) Seminar on Notifications
1 WTO official, 2 days7,700
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSNegotiations (priority 3) Seminar  on Negotiations
1 Consultant, 5 days12,918
Special and Differential Treatment (priority
6)Seminar on Special
and Differential
Treatment
1 WTO official, 3
days8,034
Internships on trade remedy measures
(priority 7)A Four-week
internship on traderemedies in a countryto be chosen for 2
Ghanaian officials15,783WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 31GHANA
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
                                       TOTAL : ................................................................................. .......................76,919WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 32 KENYA
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Customs Valuation (priority 1)Combined with priority 1 under
Phase II
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures,Technical Barriers to Trade (priority 2)Seminar  on Sanitary and
Phytosanitary measures andTechnical Barriers to Trade
1 WTO official, 1 consultant, 3
days19,040Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to information
Anti-dumping, Subsidies and Countervailing
Measures, Safeguards (priority 5)Seminar on Trade Remedies
2 WTO officials, 4 days16,600
TRIPs, GATS, Agriculture, Textiles
(priority 7)Seminar  on Specific
WTO Agreements
2 WTO officials, 4 days16,600
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsIntegrated Data Base, Develop data base for
customs valuation purposes (priority 1)A Mission on Customs
Valuation
1 WTO official, 1 Consultant, 4
days20,190
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures,
Technical Barriers to Trade (priority 2)Combined with priority 2
Anti-dumping, Subsidies and Countervailing
Measures, SafeguardsRequest reflected in JITAP
mission, Cluster 4
Competition Policy (Intern ship) (priority 3) A f our-week internship on
competition policy for 3officials15,782
Agriculture, TRIPs, Textiles (priority 6) Seminar on Agriculture,
Textiles and TRIPs
2 WTO officials, 4 days16,600
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSNegotiating skills (priority 4) Seminar on Negotiating
Skills
1 Consultant, 5 days12,810WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 33KENYA
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Dispute Settlement understanding (priority 6) DSU Workshop in Geneva DSU Workshop in Geneva DSU Workshop in
Geneva
Utilization of Special and Differential
Treatment in various Agreements (priority 8)Combined with priorities 2, 5
and 7Combined with priorities 2,
5 and 7Combined with
priorities 2, 5 and 7
                                       TOTAL : ................................................................................. .......................117,622WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 34 MAURITIUS
Implementation modalities/WTO Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Specific WTO Agreements (Anti-Dumping,
Safeguards, Subsidies and Countervailing
Measures, Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade andother NTB (priority 1)A Regional Seminar for IOC
countries
A Symposium on the NewRound
1 WTO official, 3 days10,716Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to information
A Regional Seminar on
Textiles for COMESAcountries
GATS (with emphasis on construction,professional environmental, computerrelated).  Including Safeguards, Subsidies andGovernment Procurement (priority 5)Seminar on GATS
2 WTO officials, 4 days22,248
Integrated Database (implementation and
participation) (priority 4)Seminar on the Integrated
Database
2 WTO officials, 4 days22,248Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreements Setting-up of a data base and post audit check
system at the customs in the context of theimplementation of the Customs Valuation
Agreement (priority 6)A Mission on Customs
Valuation
1 WTO official,
1 Consultant, 5 days27,680
Setting-up of an administration structure for
implementation of trade remedy laws(priority 7)A Mission on Trade
Remedies
1 WTO official, 4 days11,124
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSNegotiating skills (priority 2) Seminar on Negotiating Skills
1 Consultant, 5 days15,600
Dispute Settlement Understanding
(priority 3)DSU Workshop in Geneva DSU Workshop in Geneva DSU Workshop in
GenevaWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 35MAURITIUS
Implementation modalities/WTO Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Setting-up of an Enquiry Point on Technical
Barriers to Trade and Sanitary andPhytosanitary Measures (priority 8)A Mission on Technical
Barriers to Trade andSanitary and
Phytosanitary measures
Enquiry Points
1 WTO official, 3 days10,848
                                       TOTAL : ................................................................................. .......................120,464WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 36 MOROCCO
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Specific WTO Agreements (Anti-Dumping,
Customs Valuation) (priority 1)A two-week Regional Trade
Policy Course for French-
Speaking African Developing
Countries
WTO Reference Centre (priority 4)A Mission to establish a
WTO Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days3,275Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to information
Documentation (priority 4)Combined with priority 4
under Phase I
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsSpecific Agreements (Customs Valuation and
TRIPs) (priority 5)A Mission on Customs
Valuation
1 WTO official, 1 Consultant,
5 daysA Mission on TRIPs
1 WTO official, 3 days12,424
3,550
Integrated Database (priority 6) A Mission on the Integrated
Database
1 WTO official, 3 days3,550
Notifications (priority 8) A Mission on
Notifications
1 WTO official, 3 days3,550
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSNegotiations (priority 3) Seminar on Negotiations
1 Consultant, 5 days8,265
Dispute Settlement Understanding
(priority 7)DSU Workshop in Geneva DSU Workshop in Geneva An internship in Morocco
for 2 officials, 4 weeks16,980
Special and Differential Treatment
provisionsCombined with priority 1
under Phase I
Phase IV:
OthersImproving capacity in trade remedies
(priority 2)An internship for 2 officials, 4
weeks16,980
                                       TOTAL : ................................................................................. .......................68,574WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 37NIGERIA
Implementation modalities/WTO Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Mandated negotiations on services and
agriculture, Anti-Dumping and new issues i.e.trade and competition, trade facilitation,
transparency in government procurement and
e-commerce (priority 1)Seminar on Mandated
Negotiations, Anti-Dumpingand New Issues
2 WTO officials, 5 days18,628
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to information
WTO Reference Centre (priority 2)A mission to establish a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days7,750
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsDrafting legislation and establishing an Anti-
Dumping Investigation Authority (priority 6)A Mission to advise in
drafting Anti-Dumping
legislation
1 WTO official, 4 days8,788
Preparation for TRIPs review scheduled in
November 2001 (priority 3)A Mission on TRIPs
1 WTO official, 3 days8,269
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSParticipation in the negotiations on services
(priority 4)Seminar on Negotiations in
Services
1 WTO official, 2 days7,750
Participation in the negotiations on
agriculture (priority 5)Seminar  on Negotiations in
Agriculture
1 WTO official, 2 days7,750
                                       TOTAL : ................................................................................. .......................58,935WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 38 SOUTH AFRICA
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Specific WTO Agreements (to expand domestic
base on understanding of the legal and technical
aspects and the implications for participation in
the Multilateral Trading System (priority 1)A 2-week Regional Trade
Policy Course for English-
Speaking Africa
Developing Countries
A Regional Workshop forAfrican Countries onCompetitionPhase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to information
A Regional Seminar for
SADC countries on
Textiles and Clothing
Anti-Dumping Agreement (legal and technical
aspects) (priority 4)Seminar on Anti-Dumping
2 WTO officials, 4 days16,876
WTO Reference Centre (priority 5)A Mission to Establish a
WTO Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days7,985
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsIntegrated Database (understanding of database
as a tool for the preparation of tariffnegotiations) (priority 2)A Regional Seminar on the
Integrated Database
Integrated Database (priority 2) A Mission for preparation
of data (combined withpriority 2)
2 WTO officials, 3 days
Special and Differential Treatment (pri ority 1) Combined with priority 1Phase III:
Participation in the MTSDispute Settlement Understanding (priority 3) DSU Workshop in Geneva DSU Workshop in Geneva DSU Workshop in
Geneva
Multilateral Negotiations (understanding)
(priority 6)Seminar   on Multilateral
Negotiations
1 Consultant, 5 days12,812WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 39SOUTH AFRICA
Implementation modalities/WT O Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)
2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
                                       TOTAL : ................................................................................. .......................37,673WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 40
SUMMARY OF BUDGET ESTIMATES
FOR REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SEMINARS
2001-2003
2001 2002 2003 TOTAL 2001-2003
National Seminars 252,319 232,074 163,675 648,068
Regional Seminars 1,123,509 353,193 313,193 1,789,895
Total for each year 1,375,828 585,267 476,868 2,437,963WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 41
III. THREE-YEAR PLAN FOR ASIA-PACIFIC DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 2001-2003
A. OVERVIEW
Asian Developing Countries
Thirteen Asian countries are WTO Members, three are in the process of accession and one
remains outside the WTO system (see below).  Seven Asian countries are LDCs and as such covered
by the Secretariat Working Group programme on IF/LDCs.
Asian Developing Countries
CountriesWTO
MembersStatusReplied
to the
questionnaire
on technical
assistanceTrade
Policy
Review
1. Brunei Darussalam 1 January 95 2001
2. China in accession since
4 March1987X
3. Hong Kong, China 1 January 95 1990, 1994, 1998
4. India 1 January 95 1993, 1998
5. Indonesia 1 January 95 X 1991, 1994, 1998
6. Korea, Rep. of 1 January 95 1992, 1996, 2000
7. Korea, Pop. Dem. Rep.
8. Macau 1 January 95 X 1994, 2001
9. Malaysia 1 January 95 1993, 1997, 2001
10. Mongolia 29 January 97 X
11. Pakistan 1 January 95 1995, 2001
12. Philippines 1 January 95 1993
13. Singapore 1 January 95 1992, 1996, 2000
14. Sri Lanka 1 January 95 X 1995
15. Chinese Taipei in accession since
29 January1992X
16. Thailand 1 January 95 1991, 1995, 1999
17. Viet Nam in accession since
31 May1995
Pacific Developing Countries
Two of the Pacific Island countries are WTO Members, one is in the process of accession and
another eight remain outside the WTO system (see below).  Five Pacific countries are LDCs and as
such are covered by the Secretariat Working Group programme on IF/LDCsWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 42
Pacific Developing Countries
CountriesWTO
MembersStatusReplied
to
questionnaire
on technical
assistanceTrade
Policy
Review
1. Cook Islands
2. Fiji 14 January 96 1997
3. Marshall Islands
4. Micronesia, Fed. States
5. Nauru
6. Niue Islands
7. Palau
8. Papua New Guinea 9 June 96 X 1999
9. Tonga in accession
since 15
September1995
B. STRUCTURE OF THE REGION :  MAIN REGIONAL AND SUB -REGIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Asian Developing Countries
Regional institutions which financially or otherwise support WTO technical assistance
activities include the Economic and Social Commissi on for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the Asia-
Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat (APEC) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).  The
Secretariat of the WTO also collaborates with sub-regional organizations, such as the Association of
South East Nations (ASEAN) and the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC).
A Memorandum of Understanding was signed in 1999 with ESCAP to deepen cooperation in
the provision of technical assistance aimed at facilitating the integration of Asian countries into themultilateral trading system.  An extension of this MOU was signed in February 2001 for a period of
two years.
A Memorandum of Understanding was signed on 12 December 1996 by Singapore and WTO
concerning a joint training programme for developing countries. Since then, the MOU was renewedand several regional training courses have been held in Singapore on the implementation of WTO
Agreements.
Pacific Developing Countries
A Memorandum of Understanding with the Forum Secretariat was signed in 2000 for two
years to extend trade-related technical assistance to Forum Island Countries for their economic and
social development.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 43
Membership of Asian and Pacific Developing Countries
in Regional and Sub-Regional Organizations
Countries APEC ASEAN PLUS 3 FORSEC SAARC
Headquarters Singapore Jakarta Suva Kathmandu
1. Brunei Darussalam x x
2. China x x
3. Cook Islands x x
4. Fiji x
5. Hong Kong, China x
6. India x
7. Indonesia x x
8. Korea, Rep. of x
9. Korea, Pop. Dem. Rep.
10. Macau
11. Malaysia x
12. Marshall Islands x
13. Micronesia, F. States x
14. Mongolia
15. Nauru x
16. Niue Islands x
17. Pakistan x
18. Palau x
19. Papua New Guinea x x
20. Philippines x x
21. Singapore x x
22. Sri Lanka x
23. Chinese Taipei x
24. Tonga x
25. Thailand x x
26. Viet Nam x x
C. SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES IN 1998-2000
Technical assistance activities at the regional and national levels were held covering all WTO
Agreements.  Some of these were organized jointly with other international or regional organizations
and few were funded by developing countries in the region.
Between 1998 and 2000, some 125 activities were held in the Asia-Pacific Region.  A
majority of seminars and workshops covered the WTO and the multilateral trading system.  A number
concentrated on specific WTO Agreements, like agri culture and services.  Over the three years, a
majority of activities dealt with SPS/TBT, followed in descending order by TRIPs, dispute settlement,rules, agriculture, services, trade and competition policy, implementation issues, accession
negotiations and trade negotiation simulations.  Only a limited number of activities covered textiles
and clothing, tariffs and the Integrated Data Base, customs valuation, trade and investments, TRIMs,
special and differentiated treatment, and trade and environment.  No specific individual activity per se
covered market access, trade facilitation and regionalism during this period, although these issueswere lectured in the numerous seminars held regionally and nationally. Refer to the graphic below for
more information.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 44
Number of technical assistance activities by subject covered (1998-2000)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Short Trade Policy Courses
Seminars and technical missions
Trade Agenda
Conferences and symposia
TA-Trade Policy Review
Notifications
Negotiating techniques
Goods: Market Access
Integrated Data Base
Agriculture
Textiles and Clothing
TBT/SPS
Customs and trade administration
Goods:Rules
Trade in Services
TRIPS
Accession
Regionalism
Trade and Development
Trade and Environment
Trade and Investment
Trade and Competition Policy
Government Procurement
Trade Facilitation
Electronic Commerce
Dispute Settlement
WTO Reference Centres
Regional National
Explanatory notes:
1. Each activity is counted as one without taking into account its duration
2. An activity is included under "Seminars and Technical Missions" when it covered two or more WTO
Agreements.
3. Trade Agenda refers to activities covering the provision of up-to-date information on the state-of-play
of mandated negotiation and the preparations for Ministerial Session as well as briefings.
4. The entry "Goods: Market Access" includes all activities related to tariff negotiations/renegotiations,
transportation of tariff schedules and ITA.
During this period, a number of demand-driven activities were carried out in the Pacific region on
accession negotiations issues, the general presentation of the WTO Agreements and the Multilateral TradingSystem, trade negotiation simulations, dispute settlement, and the establishment of WTO Trade ReferenceCentres.  Some seventeen missions dealt with the establishment of WTO Trade Reference Centres and relatedfollow-up training between 1998 and 2000.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 45
D. SUGGESTED PLAN OF ACTION FOR 2001-2003
Questionnaires were sent to 39 WTO developing Members in the region in July 2000 to
assess their needs for technical assistance.
Needs expressed by the seven Members and acceding countries replying to the questionnaire
were supplemented by discussions with WTO Member s, international and regional organizations and
inputs from WTO Secretariat Divisions in order to present as complete a view as possible of the needs
for technical assistance activities for these countries over a three-year period.  Refer to Tables 1b and
2b for more detail.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 46Table 1b
The Supply Side:
Regional Seminars, Training Courses, Workshops for Asia-Pacific Developing Countries
Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
WTO and the
Multilateral TradingSystem
WTO/ESCAP Trade
Policy Course for Asiandeveloping economiesBangkok, Thailand
10 daysBangkok, Thailand
10 daysBangkok, Thailand
10 daysChina P.R. of, Indonesia, India,
Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mongolia,Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka,Thailand, Viet Nam
(1 official per country)
(paid in part by ESCAP)1 WTO official in the
first week, 2 WTOofficials in the secondweek, TCD, Legal
Affairs, plus 2 ESCAP
lecturers120,720
WTO and the
Multilateral TradingSystem
WTO/FORSEC Regional
Trade Policy Course  for
the Pacific IslandCountriesNadi, Fiji,
5 daysPacific region
5 daysPacific region
5 daysFiji, Papua New Guinea, Tonga
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials
Acc. Div., LDCs/IFSWG, 1 New Zealandresource person,
officials from Forum
Secretariat393,000
Regional Training
Course
Singapore/WTOSingapore
5 daysSingapore
5 daysSingapore
5 daysChina P.R. of, Indonesia,
Mauritius, Singapore, Vietnam,Zimbabwe
(1 official per country)
(expenses covered by Singapore)2 WTO officials, TCD,
Legal Affairs56,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 47Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Regional Training
Course
Singapore/WTOSingapore
3 daysSingapore
3 daysSingapore
3 days (20 officials from developing
countries)
(expenses covered by Singapore)3 WTO officials
MA Div.77,455
Dispute Settlement
Procedures andPractices
WTO Regional
WorkshopThailand
5 daysThailand
5 days[venue to be agreed]
5 daysBrunei Darussalam, China P.R.
of, Hong Kong China, India,
Indonesia, Korea (Rep. of),
Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia,Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore,Sri Lanka, Chinese Taipei,Thailand, Viet Nam
 (1 official per country)2 WTO officials TCD,
Legal Affairs210,000
Trade Negotiations
Simulation
WTO Regional SeminarThailand
5 days[venue to be agreed]
5 daysBrunei Darussalam, China P.R.
of, Hong Kong China, India,Indonesia, Korea (Rep. of),
Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia,
Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore,Sri Lanka, Chinese Taipei,Thailand, Viet Nam
(1 official per country)1 WTO official, 1 WTO
Consultant, TCD147,000
Rules Implementation
WTO Regional Seminar
for Central AsianCountriesVietnam
4 days[venue to be agreed]
4 days[venue to be agreed]
4 daysSelected Asian countries
 (2 officials per country)2 WTO officials, Rules
Div.396,000
Agriculture and SPS
negotiations
WTO Regional Seminar
for Asian Developing
EconomiesThailand
4 days[venue to be agreed]
4 days[venue to be agreed]
4 daysBrunei Darussalam, China P.R.
of, Hong Kong (China), India,Indonesia, Korea (Rep. of),
Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia,
Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore,Sri Lanka, Chinese Taipei,Thailand, Vietnam
(1 official per country)2 WTO officials,
Agric. Div.205,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 48Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
GATS negotiations
WTO Regional Seminar
for Asian Developing
EconomiesThailand
4 days[venue be agreed]
4 days[venue to be agreed]
4 daysBrunei Darussalam, China P.R.
of, Hong Kong (China), India,
Indonesia, Korea (Rep. of),Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia,Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore,
Sri Lanka, Chinese Taipei,
Thailand, Viet Nam
 (1 official per country)2 WTO officials, TSD 205,000
Implementation of
Textiles and Clothing
WTO Regional Seminar
for Five Asian exporting
countriesNew Delhi, India
2 daysIndia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, China,
P.R. of
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official,
Textiles Div.50,000
Implementation of
Textiles and Clothing
WTO Regional Seminar
for ASEAN countriesHanoi, Vietnam
2 daysBrunei Darussalam, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,Thailand, Vietnam
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official,
Textiles Div.90,000
TBT-related matters
WTO/ISO Regional
Seminar for South-EastAsiaHanoi, Vietnam
3 daysPapua New Guinea, Sri Lanka,
Vietnam
(1official per country)1 WTO official, TED
plus ISO officials(no cost)60,000
Trade and Environment
WTO Regional Seminar
for Asian Developing
CountriesThailand
4 days[venue to be agreed]
4 days[venue to be agreed]
4 daysBrunei Darussalam, China P.R.
of, Hong Kong China, India,
Indonesia, Korea (Rep. of),
Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia,Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore,Sri Lanka, Chinese Taipei,Thailand, Vietnam
(1 official per country)3 WTO officials, TED
AGS Div., TC Audit
and officials from ITC
for SustainableDevelopment (NGO)245,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 49Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Trade and Investment
WTO/UNCTAD
Regional Seminar for
Asian DevelopingCountriesMalaysia
4 days[venue to be agreed]
4 days[venue to be agreed]
4 daysBrunei Darussalam, China P.R:
of, Hong Kong China, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Korea (Rep. of), Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan,Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka,Thailand, Vietnam
(1 official per country)2 WTO officials TFD,
plus lecturers (from
governments,Universities and/orNGOs)260,000
Trade and Competition
WTO Regional Seminar
for Asian DevelopingCountries[venue to be agreed]
4 days[venue to be agreed]
4 daysBrunei Darussalam, China P.R:
of, Hong Kong China, India,Indonesia, Korea (Rep. of),
Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia,
Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore,Sri Lanka, Chinese Taipei,Thailand, Vietnam
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials, IPR 220,000
Integrated Database
WTO Regional Seminar
for APEC EconomiesChina
4 daysAustralia, Canada, Chile, China,
Hong Kong China, Indonesia,Japan, Korea (Rep. of), Malaysia,Mexico, Peru, Philippines,
Russian Federation, Chinese
Taipei, Singapore, Thailand,USA, Vietnam
 (1 official per country)
(expenses covered by APEC)2 WTO officials,
Stat. Div.9,300
Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures
Regional WorkshopFiji
5 daysAustralia (including Norfolk
Island), Fiji, France (for FrenchPolynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis
and Fatuna Islands), New
Zealand, United Kingdom (forPitcairn), United States ofAmerica (for American Samoaand Guam)1 WTO official,
Agric. Div.12,175WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 50Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
WTO Reference
Centres
WTO Regional
SymposiumChina
2 days[Bahrain, Dubai, Egypt, Fiji,
Gabon, Ghana, Guyana, Jamaica,
Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyz Rep.Lebanon, Mauritius, Mongolia,Morocco, Namibia, Papua NewGuinea, Saint Lucia, Tunisia
(1 official per country)
(paid by Germany)2 WTO officials, TCD 19,775
TOTAL 2,776,425
Breakdown of Estimated Cost for Each Calendar Year
Year of Implementation 2001 2002 2003 TOTAL
827,308 1,044,558 904,559 2,776,425WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 51Table 2b
Country Tables of Technical Assistance Requirements
for Asia-Pacific Countries2
CHINA
Implementation modalities/ Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationAgriculture (priority 2) Seminar on Agriculture and
Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures (SPS)
2 WTO officials, 4 days, Agric.
Div.A Regional Seminar  for
Asian Developing Countrieson agriculture and SPSA Regional Seminar  for
Asian DevelopingCountries on agricultureand SPS17,350
GATS  (priority 3) Seminar on GATS
2 WTO officials, 4 days, TSDA Regional Seminar for
Asian Developing countries
on GATS negotiationsA Regional Seminar for
Asian Developing
countries on GATSnegotiations17,350
Import Licensing Procedures
(priority 4)Training of Trainers    for the
effective implementation of the
import licensing procedures
1 WTO official, 2 days, MA Div8,297
Rules (priority 5) Seminar on the Rules Agreement
2 WTO officials, 4 days, Rules Div.A Regional Seminar for
Asian Developing Countries
on the Rules AgreementsA Regional Seminar for
Asian Developing
Countries on the RulesAgreements17,350
Dispute Settlement Understanding
(priority 6)Seminar on DSU
2 WTO officials, 4 days, TCDA Regional Seminar for
Asian Developing Countries
on DSUA Regional Seminar for
Asian Developing
Countries on DSU17,350
                                                     
2 Budget estimates for Regional Seminars, Training Courses and Workshops are covered in Table 1b.  The budget estimates in Table 2b refer only to national activities.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 52 CHINA
Implementation modalities/Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO
Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Regional Integration and WTO
Multilateral Trading System(priority 7)Seminar on regional integration and WTO
Multilateral Trading System
1 WTO official, 2 days, Dev. Div.8,297
WTO Reference Centres
(priority 8)Technical Missions  at the Academy of
Standardization and Coding Technology
(SASCT), in Shenzhen
1 WTO official, 2 days TCD
Technical Mission at the Shanghai WTO
Affairs Consultation Centre (SSC/WTO)
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD(sponsor, no cost
for WTO)
Integrated Data Base (priority 1) An APEC Regional Workshop on the
implementation of the Integrated Data Base
2 WTO officials, 3 days, Stat. Div.9,312 Phase II:
Implementatio
n ofMultilateralTradeAgreementsNotification Requirements and
Procedures (priority 9)A  Workshop on notification requirements
and procedures
1 WTO official, 2 days TCD8,297
Implementation – Related Issues
of Some WTO Agreements andDecisions (priority 10)Seminar  on implementation-related issues
of some WTO Agreements and Decisions
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCDSeminar on implementation
of WTO Agreements
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD
A Regional Seminar  on the
implementation of the
Textiles and ClothingAgreement8,297 X 2WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 53CHINA
Implementation modalities/Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO
Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
WTO Agreements (priority 12) Training courses on the implementation of
WTO Agreements, at the Shanghai WTOAffairs Consultation Centre (SCC/WTO) to
be organized  periodically
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD(sponsor, no cost
for WTO)
WTO Agreements  (priority 13) A Symposium   on the need for new
legislation after China's accession to theWTO, organized by the Advisory Service tothe Reform of Commercial Laws in China
(legal advice to the Financial and Economic
Committee of the People's Congress)
4 days, 1 WTO official (Leg. Div.)(sponsor, no cost
for WTO)
Legal Advice on "UniformImplementation of WTOAgreements on the Entire
Customs Territory" (priority  15)A Technical Mission for legal advice on
"Uniform Implementation of WTOAgreements on the Entire Customs
Territory"
1 WTO official, 2 days, Legal AffairsLegal advisory services  on
dispute settlementprocedures and practices
1 WTO official, 2 days,
Legal AffairsLegal advisory services
on dispute settlementprocedures and
practices
1 WTO official, 2 days,
Legal Affairs(sponsor, no cost
for WTO)
WTO Negotiations and State ofWork (priority 11)Combined with priority 10 under Phase II Seminar  on WTO
negotiations and state ofwork
1 WTO official 2 days8,297
Phase III:
Participation
in the MTS
Short Training Courses
(priority 14)Short training courses would be organized
for small teams officials at WTO
headquarters at the request of China(no cost)
TOTAL: 128,494WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 54 INDONESIA
Implementation modalities/Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO
Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
GATS (priority 1) A Training Course on the negotiations of
services
2 WTO officials, 4 days, TSDA Regional Seminar for Asian
developing countries on GATSnegotiationsA Regional Seminar for
Asian developingcountries on GATS
negotiations17,500
Trade and Investment
(priority 6)A Regional Seminar for Asian
Developing Economies ontrade and investmentA Regional Seminar for
Asian DevelopingEconomies on trade andinvestmentPhase I:
Understanding
of WTOAgreements andaccess to
information
Trade and Environment
(priority 7)A Regional Seminar for Asian
Developing Economies on
trade and environmentA Regional Seminar for
Asian Developing
Economies on trade and
environment
TRIPs (priority 2) A training course for the implementation
of the TRIPs Agreement
2 WTO officials, 4 days, IPR17,500 Phase II:
Implementation
of MultilateralTrade
AgreementsRules (priority 3) A Training Course  for the implementation
of the Rules Agreement
2 WTO officials, 5 days, Rules Div.A Regional Seminar for Asian
developing countries on the
Rules AgreementsA Regional Seminar for
Asian developing
countries on the RulesAgreements18,325
Dispute Settlement
(priority 4)A Seminar on dispute settlement
procedures and practices
2 WTO officials, 4 days, TCDA Regional Seminar for Asian
developing countries on DSUA Regional Seminar for
Asian developing
countries on DSU17,500 Phase III:
Participation in
the MTS
Negotiating Techniques
(priority 5)A. Seminar on negotiating techniques
1 WTO consultant, 5 daysA Regional Seminar for Asian
developing countries on theTrade Negotiations simulationsA Regional Seminar for
Asian developingcountries on the TradeNegotiations
simulations13,300
TOTAL: 84,125WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 55MACAU
Implementation modalities/Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO
Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
WTO Agreements
(priority 1)A General Seminar on selected WTO
Agreements
2 WTO officials, 4 days18,300 Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformation
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreements
Phase III:
Participation in
the MTS
TOTAL: 18,300WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 56 MONGOLIA
Implementation modalities/ Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO
Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
WTO-Related Issues for
Policy Makers (priority 1)A round table for policy makers on WTO-
related issues
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD8,210 Phase I:
Understanding
of WTOAgreements
and access to
informationWTO Reference Center
(priority 4)A Regional Symposium on WTO Reference
Centres in Haikou, China
Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures (priority 5)Workshop on Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures
1 WTO official, 2 days, Agric.Div.A Regional Seminar on
Agriculture and SPSA Regional Seminar on
Agriculture and SPS8,210
GATS and Financial
Services (priority 6)Seminar on GATS and financial services
2 WTO officials, 4 days, TSDA Regional Seminar on GATS
negotiationsA Regional Seminar on
GATS negotiations16,810
Integrated Data Base
(priority 2)A Technical Mission  on the Integrated  Data
Base
1 WTO official, 3 days, Stat. Div.8,404 Phase II:
Implementatio
n of
MultilateralTradeAgreementsNotifications Requirements
and Procedures (priority 3)Workshop on notifications requirements and
procedures
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD8,210
Phase III:
Participation
in the MTSSpecial and Differential
Treatment (priority 3)Combined with priority 3 under Phase II
2 WTO officials, 3 days, TCD(combined)
Negotiating Techniques
(priority 7)A Regional Seminar  on trade
negotiations simulationsA Regional Seminar  on
trade negotiationssimulations
Trade policy and economicintegration (priority 8)Seminar on trade policy and
economic integration
1 WTO official, 2 days,
Dev. Div.8,210
Multilateral trade
negotiations (priority 9)A Seminar on the new round of
multilateral trade negotiations
1 WTO official, 3 days, TCD8,404WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 57MONGOLIA
Implementation modalities/ Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO
Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
E-commerce (priority 10) A Seminar on e-commerce
1 WTO official, 1 day, TSD8,020
Regional Trade Agreement
(priority 11)A Seminar on Regional
Trade Agreements
1 WTO official, 2 days
Dev. Div.8,210
TOTAL: 82,688WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 58 PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Implementation modalities/ Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO
Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding
of WTOAgreements andaccess to
informationWTO Reference Centre
(priority 7)A Regional Symposium on WTO Reference
Centres in Haikou, China
WTO and the MultilateralTrading System(priority 1)A Seminar  on the WTO and the  Multilateral
Trading System in Lae, for public andprivate sectors representatives
1 WTO official, 1 WTO consultant, 5 days,
TCD28,600
Notifications (priority 3) A Workshop on notifications requirements
and procedures
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD11,438Phase II:
Implementation
of MultilateralTradeAgreements
Integrated Data Base
(priority 5)A Technical Mission on the Integrated Data
Base
1 WTO official, 3 days, Stat. Div.11,633
Customs Valuation
(priority 6)A Seminar on the Agreement on Customs
Valuation
1 WTO official, 1 WCO official, 4 days.
TCD23,656
Intellectual Property
(priority 8)A Regional Seminar on the TRIPs
Agreement for Asian and Pacificdeveloping countries
Anti-Dumping (priority 9) A Regional Seminar on the Rules
Agreements
.A Regional Seminar
on the RulesAgreements
.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 59PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Implementation modalities/ Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO
Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Establishment of a National
Committee on WTO
(priority 2)Combined  with priority 1 under Phase II (combined)
Negotiating Techniques
(priority 10)A Regional Seminar  on
negotiating techniques  for Pacific
Island Countries
Special and DifferentialTreatment (priority 4)A Seminar on special and differential
treatment
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD[combined with priority 3 under Phase II](combined)
Trade Office in Geneva
(priority 12)Papua New Guinea
may establish and
office in GenevaPhase III:
Participation in
the MTS
Dispute Settlement
(priority 11)A Regional Seminar  on dispute
settlement procedures andpractices for Pacific IslandCountries
TOTAL: 75,327WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 60 SRI LANKA
Implementation modalities/ Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO
Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
WTO and the Multilateral
Trading System(priority 1)A Seminar on selected WTO Agreements
1 WTO official, 3 days, TCD7,015
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationWTO Reference Centre
(priority 3)Regional Symposium  on the WTO
Reference Centres in Haikou, China
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsImplementation-Related
Issues of Some WTOAgreements and
Decisions (priority 2)Combined with priority 1 (combined)
Phase III:
Participation in
the MTS
Phase IV:
OthersAnti-Dumping (priority 4) A Technical Mission on the
implementation of Anti-Dumping
Agreement
1 WTO official, 2 days, Rules Div.A Regional Seminar on the Rules
AgreementsA Regional Seminar
on the Rules
Agreements6,828
TOTAL: 13,843WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 61CHINESE TAPEI
Implementation modalities/ Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO
Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding
of WTOAgreementsand access to
informationWTO Agreements
(priority 1)A Seminar on WTO Agreements
1 WTO official, 3 days, TCD(sponsor, no cost
for WTO)
SPS Agreement (priority 2) A Workshop on risk assessment of SPS
measures
1 WTO official, 1 WTO consultant, 2
days, Agric. Div.18,500
International Standards under
the TBT and SPSAgreements (priority 3)A Training Course for the preparation,
adoption and implementation ofinternational standards under the TBT and
SPS Agreements
2 WTO officials TED, Agric. Div.(sponsor, no cost
for WTO)
Agriculture (priority 4) A Workshop on the Agriculture
Agreement
1 WTO official, 5 days, Agric. Div.A Regional Seminar on Agriculture
and SPSA Regional Seminar
on Agriculture andSPS(sponsor, no cost
for WTO)Phase II:
Implementatio
n ofMultilateralTrade
Agreements
Implementation of
Notification Obligations(priority 5)A Training Course
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD8,300WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 62 CHINESE TAPEI
Implementation modalities/ Divisions/Other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO
Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase III:
Participation
in the MTSNegotiating Techniques
(priority 6)Seminar  on negotiating techniques
1 WTO consultant, 5 daysPractical training courses for
selected government officials withspecific responsibilities for
negotiationsPractical training
courses for selectedgovernment officials
with specific
responsibilities fornegotiations(sponsor, no cost
for WTO)
Dispute Settlement(priority 7)A Seminar on dispute settlement
procedures and practices
2 WTO officials, 5 days, TCDA Regional Seminar on DSU A Regional Seminar
on DSU18,500
TOTAL: 45,300WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 63
SUMMARY OF BUDGET ESTIMATES
FOR REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SEMINARS
2001-2003
2001 2002 2003 Total 2001-2003
National Seminars 398,639 41,228 8,210 448,077
Regional Seminars 827,308 1,044,558 904,559 2,776,425
Total for each year 1,225,947 1,085,786 912,769 3,224.502WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 64
IV. THREE-YEAR PLAN FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN AND
CENTRAL ASIAN DEVELOPI NG COUNTRIES, 2001-2003
A. OVERVIEW
A total of 28 countries are discussed in this document, all Central and Eastern European and
Central Asian Countries. Only half of them are WT O Members, many of which have joined recently.
Only a few were GATT Contracting Parties prior to the establishment of the WTO. The acceding
countries are at different stages of accession. A few countries are neither Member of, nor observer to
the WTO and are still contemplating accession to the WTO. Several countries are hardly familiar with
the basic principles of the multilateral trading system.  Many countries in the region had adopted
centrally planned policies, with most sectors in the economy having been dominated and/or directlycontrolled by the state, leaving little or no room for prices and economic factors to clear the markets.
Several countries in the region have levels of economic development that do not substantially
differ from developing countries, with similar per capita incomes and GDP. Their productive capacity
has often been negatively affected by distortive policies of the past, which added to the difficulties ofeconomic adjustment and pursuing open, market-based economic policies. Moreover, having been
isolated from world markets for several decades, many have effectively been deprived from foreign
direct investment (FDI), in ways which could have assisted their economic development and build
their domestic productive capacity.
With the establishment of the WTO Global Trust Fund for technical assistance, which
receives extra-budgetary contributions from donors, a number of technical assistance activities
(including national seminars, workshops and conferences) were undertaken.  Training courses have
been organised in Geneva and elsewhere and these countries have been invited to attend specific
topic-related workshops. Nevertheless, not all Central and Eastern European and Central AsianCountries have yet been integrated in the mainstream of WTO's technical assistance programme.
A fuller and better participation of Central a nd Eastern European and Central Asian Countries
in the multilateral trading system requires WTO to develop an approach of technical assistance that
combines dissemination of information and knowledge on the WTO Agreements on both a broad andspecific level. Such assistance would need to focus on strengthening of institutional capacities to
absorb the new commitments, help beneficiaries become more acquainted with the intricacies of the
WTO rules to facilitate the implementation of the new obligations. It should thus include a mix of
offer and supply targeted at various levels of decision-making within national administrations and
across the region.
An analytical study is currently taking place by the Economic Research and Analysis
Division, to analyse systemic difficulties that Central and Eastern European and Central Asian
Countries encounter in the implementation of WTO Agreements. The results of this study, which are
expected in the Spring of 2001, will be taken into account in the refinement of the technical assistance
programme for this region.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 65
Central and Eastern European and Central Asian Countries
Country Member Status Replied to the
questionnaire
on technical
assistanceTrade
policy
review
Albania September 2000 x
Armenia in accession since
November 1993x
Azerbaijan June.1997 x
Belarus September 1993 x
Bosnia and Herzegovina May1999 x
Bulgaria December 1996 x X
Croatia November 2000 x
Czech Republic December 1994 x X
Estonia November 1999 x
Georgia June 2000 x
Hungary December 1994 X
Kazakstan January 1996 x
Kyrgyz Republic December 1998 x
Latvia February 1999 x
Lithuania Membership pending
ratificationx
Macedonia, Frm. Yug. Rep. December 1994 x
Moldova November1993 x
Poland July 1995 x X
Romania December 1994 x X
Russian Federation June 1993 x
Slovak Republic December 1994 x X
Slovenia July 1995
Turkey March 1995 x
Turkmenistan
Tajikistan
Ukraine November 1993 x
Uzbekistan December 1994 x
Yugoslavia, Fed. Rep. of February 2001 x
B. STRUCTURE OF THE REGION : MAIN REGIONAL AND SUB -REGIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
The organizations in the region are the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), with its
headquarters in Istanbul and the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), based in Tehran. It is
proposed to sign Memoranda of Understanding w ith BSEC and ECO, as part of the emphasis on
outsourcing some of the WTO activities to which these bodies presently are associated. This would
include the organisation of regional seminars (e.g. logistical and administrative matters in the first
instance). It should be noted that already close working relations exist between the TechnicalCooperation Division of the WTO and BSEC as well as with ECO. Several activities have been
organized with both, and they have provided logistical and administrative support. Moreover ECO
already is an observer to the CTD and a Declaration was signed in November 2000 by BSEC and its
Members to request such observer status.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 66
Membership of Central and Eastern European and Central Asian Countries
in Regional and Sub-Regional Organizations
Countries BSEC ECO
Headquarters Turkey Iran
Afghanistan X
Albania X
Armenia X
Azerbaijan X X
Bulgaria X
Georgia X
Greece X
Iran X
Kazakstan X
Kyrgyz Republic X
Moldova X
Pakistan X
Romania X
Russian Federation X
Tajikistan X
Turkey X X
Turkmenistan
Ukraine X
Uzbekistan X
C. SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES , 1998-2000
In the past three years, a total of some 100 WTO seminars were held for Central and Eastern
European and Central Asian countries.  The vast majority were regional activities (60) compared to arelatively smaller number of national activities (40).
The topics covered varied and were both general and often specific, covering areas that were
asked to be addressed by the countries in the region.  Taking into account the large number of
countries that are currently, or were in the accession process, much emphasis was given to that
particular area in the seminars.  In addition, topics covered included SPS, TBT, intellectual property,
the trade agenda and trade negotiations simulations.  At the same time, a large number of seminarswere held of a regional character, as well as technical missions.  Countries have been invited to
participate in Short Trade Policy Courses, which were mostly held at the JVI in Vienna.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 67
Technical assistance activities by subject covered (1998-2000)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Short Trade Policy Courses
Seminars and technical missions
Trade Agenda
Conferences and symposia
TA-Trade Policy Review
Notifications
Negotiating techniques
Goods: Market Access
Integrated Data Base
Agriculture
Textiles and Clothing
TBT/SPS
Customs and trade administration
Goods:Rules
Trade in Services
TRIPS
Accession
Regionalism
Trade and Development
Trade and Environment
Trade and Investment
Trade and Competition Policy
Government Procurement
Trade Facilitation
Electronic Commerce
Dispute Settlement
WTO Reference Centres
Regional National
Explanatory notes:
1. Each activity is counted as one without taking into account its duration
2. An activity is included under "Seminars and Technical Missions" when it covered two or
more WTO Agreements.
3. Trade Agenda refers to activities covering the provision of up-to-date information on the
state-of-play of mandated negotiation and the preparations for Ministerial Session as well as
briefings.
4. The entry "Goods: Market Access" includes all activities related to tariff
negotiations/renegotiations, transportation of tariff schedules and ITA.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 68
D. SUGGESTED PLAN OF ACTION FOR 2001-2003
The WTO organises a variety of activities, both in Geneva in training institutes nationally
and/or regionally. These activities and their relevance for Central and Eastern European and Central
Asian Countries will briefly be reviewed in this section. Given the small size of most government
administrations in Central and Eastern European and Central Asian Countries, despite the limitednumber of participants per country that can be accommodated in Regional seminars, a large number
of domestic policy makers can be reached.  It should be recognised, however, that the small
administrations that most countries have, may imply a constraint for the country itself, as the officials
that are attending seminars and training courses and workshops are not available to conduct their
assignments in the national administration.
The WTO secretariat will try to ensure an adequate mix of regional and national activities, to
cover both issues across the board, whilst not neglecting pressing domestic needs of individual
countries.  At the regional level, it is proposed to annually hold two kinds of short trade policy courses
specifically  designed for Central Eastern European and Central Asian Economies: one of a duration
of one week and one of three weeks. Both would be held at the Joint Vienna Institute, with which the
WTO has an Memorandum of Understanding.  Some 22 high level officials can attend each of thesecourses. One course takes place in the Spring/Summer, the other in the Autumn. While the WTO is
responsible for the course and for the selection of the participants, the JVI will be primarily
responsible for the logistics and administrative support. These arrangements have worked well in the
past.
- The one week WTO seminar (JVI)
This course is aimed at officials responsible for one or several specific area(s), e.g.
agriculture, services, anti-dumping, subsidies and countervailing duties, safeguards etc. During the
course, participants address both theoretical and practical issues concerning the relevant WTOAgreement. The courses are interactive, with simulation and practical exercises conducted by
participants. Participants are selected on the basis of their specific knowledge and direct
responsibilities in the area to be covered in the course. Two or several WTO officials will make
presentations on the WTO Agreements and monitor the course.
- The three week WTO  Seminar (JVI):
The main purpose of this course is to provide officials with an opportunity to be exposed to
the WTO Agreements and address both theoretical and practical issues. Moreover, the fact that
countries originate from the same region has the advantage that sometimes they face similar problems
in the implementation of WTO Agreements and can  thus share information. Even the fact that
participants may represent countries with different degrees of WTO experience, some being long-timeMembers while others in the process of accession, seems to present an advantage for information
sharing and 'increasing the learning curve' for the 'newcomers' to the system. The course is geared
towards officials who would not be able to attend WTO's regular trade policy course in Geneva.
A variety of interactive tools are used to enhance fuller participation of all officials and create
some dynamic effects. The basic economic underpinning of trade liberalization is provided, with
explanations of the traditional and recent internatio nal trade theories. All participants are required to
make country presentations on their accession or on WTO implementation issues. Participants are
selected on the basis of their specific responsibilities for WTO Agreements and trade-related  matters.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 69
Moreover, presentations are made through live video-conferencing with WTO colleagues in
Geneva.  Simulation exercises are held on dispute settlement and other specific topics, including
notifications and two days are reserved for participants' 'self-training' on WTO matters on the internet.
Each participant receives documentation, includ ing a CD-Rom with complete and up-to-date
information on the WTO.
Refer to the Tables 1c  and 2c for the full range of regional and national activities planned for
this region.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 70Table 1c
The Supply Side:
Regional Seminars, Training Courses, Workshops for Central and Eastern European and Central Asian Countries
Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organisations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
WTO Seminar
JVI ViennaVienna, Austria
3 weeksVienna,
Austria
3 weeksVienna,
Austria
3 weeksAlbania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania,Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, RussianFederation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
(1 official per country)2 WTO officials per
week
total: 6 officials, TCD,
Legal Affairs,TSD180,000
WTO Seminar
JVI ViennaVienna, Austria
1 weekVienna,
Austria
1 weekVienna,
Austria
1 weekAlbania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, CzechRepublic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary,Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania,
Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russian
Federation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Ukraine,Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
(1 official per country)2 WTO officials 110,000
Trade
Negotiations
Simulations
Regional Seminar
for CIS countriesMoscow,
Russian
Federation
5 daysArmenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Russian
Federation, Slovenia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan,
Tajikistan
 (2 officials per country)1 WTO official,
TCD100,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 71Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organisations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Trade
NegotiationsSimulations
Sub-Regional
Seminar forCentral andEastern European
CountriesBudapest,
Hungary
5 daysBulgaria, Czech Re public, Estonia, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, SlovakRepublic
 (3 officials per country)1 WTO official, TCD 70,000
Trade
NegotiationsSimulations
Sub-Regional
Seminar for SouthEuropean
Countries
(Balkans)Tirana,
Albania
5 daysAlbania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Macedonia, Yugoslavia
(5 officials per country)1 WTO official, TCD 60,000
Trade
Negotiations
Simulations
Sub-Regional
Seminar for Baltic
statesRiga, Latvia
5 daysEstonia, Latvia, Lithuania
(8 officials per country)1 WTO official, TCD 25,000
Dispute
Settlement
Regional DSU
course for Central
and EasternEuropeanCountriesBudapest,
Hungary
5 daysAlbania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia,Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia,Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic,
Slovenia, Russian Federation, Ukraine,
Yugoslavia
(3 officials per country)2 WTO officials, TCD,
Legal Affairs130,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 72Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organisations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Dispute
Settlement
Regional DSU
course for Central
Asian CountriesTbilisi,
Georgia
5 daysArmenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,  Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyz Republic, Russian Federation,Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
(3 officials per country)2 WTO officials, TCD,
Legal Affairs80,000
Dispute
Settlement
WorkshopGeneva Geneva Geneva Participation is open to all countries TCD, Legal Affairs No cost for WTO
Agriculture and
Sanitary andPhyto Sanitary
Measures (SPS)
Sub-Regional
Seminar for Baltic
StatesTallinn, Estonia
2 daysEstonia, Latvia, Lithuania
(5 officials per country)1 WTO official,
Agric.
 Div20,000
Agriculture and
Sanitary and
Phyto SanitaryMeasures (SPS)
Sub-Regional
Seminar forBalkan countriesTirana,
Albania
2 daysAlbania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Macedonia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia
(3 officials per country)1 WTO official,
Agric. Div40,000
Agriculture and
Sanitary andPhyto SanitaryMeasures (SPS)
Sub-Regional
Seminar for CIScountriesTbilisi,
Georgia
2 daysArmenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, RussianFederation, Slovenia, Tajikistan. Ukraine,Uzbekistan.
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official,
Agric. Div70,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 73Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organisations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Rules
Sub-Regional
Seminar for
Balkan countriesSkopje,
Macedonia
5 daysAlbania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Macedonia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia
(3 officials per country)2 WTO officials,
Rules Div.55,000
Rules
Sub-Regional
Seminar for Balticcountries and
other CEECsVilnius,
Lithuania
5 daysEstonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Bulgaria,
Russian Federation, Ukraine.
(3 officials per country)2 WTO officials,
Rules Div.50,000
Market Access
Tariffs, customs
valuation, rules oforigin, importlicensing
Sub-Regional
Seminar forBalkansZagreb,
Croatia
3 daysAlbania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Macedonia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia
(4 officials per country)2 WTO officials,
TCD, MA Div.50,000
Market Access
Regional Seminar
for CIS countriesMoscow,
RussianFederation
3 daysArmenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, RussianFederation, Slovenia, Tajikistan Ukraine,Uzbekistan
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials, TCD,
MA Div.86,000
Market Access
Regional Seminar
for Baltics andother CEECsVilnius,
Lithuania
3 daysBulgaria, Czech Re public, Estonia, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovak Republic,
Romania
(3 officials per country)2 WTO officials, TCD,
MA Div.60,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 74 Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organisations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Technical
Barriers to
Trade
Conformityassessment andgood regulatory
practices
Regional Seminar
for Baltics and
other CEECsRiga, Latvia
3 daysBulgaria, Czech Re public, Estonia, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak
Republic
(3 officials per country)2 WTO officials, TED 70,000
Technical
Barriers toTrade
Conformity
assessment andgood regulatory
practices
Regional Seminar
for CIS countriesMoscow,
RussianFederation
3 daysArmenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, RussianFederation, Slovenia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan,
Tajikistan
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials, TED 90,000
Technical
Barriers toTrade
Conformity
assessment andgood regulatorypractices
Regional Seminar
for BalkancountriesZagreb,
Croatia
3 daysAlbania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Macedonia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia
(4 officials per country)2 WTO officials, TED 70,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 75Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organisations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Sanitary and
Phytosanitary
Measures
Regional Seminar
for ECO countriesTehran, Iran
ECO
Headquarters
4 daysAlbania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia,
Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation,
Turkey, Ukraine
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official,
Agric. Div.80,000
Services
Regional Seminar
for Central and
Eastern and
Central AsianCountriesPrague, Czech
Republic
4 daysAlbania, Bulgaria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary,Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland,Romania, Russian Federation, Slovak Republic,
Slovenia, Ukraine
(1 official per country)2 WTO officials, TSD 170,000
Services
Regional Seminar
for BSEC
countriesIstanbul,
TurkeyBSEC
headquarters
4 daysAlbania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia,
Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation,Turkey, Ukraine
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials, TSD,
TCD100,000
Services
Regional Seminar
for ECO countriesTehran, Iran
ECO
headquarters
4 daysAfghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials
TSD70,000
Regionalism
Regional Seminar
for BSEC and
ECO membersIstanbul, Turkey
BSECheadquarters
3 daysBSEC and ECO Members:  Albania, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova,Romania, Russian Federation, Turkey, Ukraine,Afganistan, Islamic Republic of Iran, Kazakstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan.
(BSEC and ECO secretariat officials 1 representative
per country)2 WTO officials,
1 consultant, Dev. Div.130,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 76Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organisations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Regionalism Romania
3 daysAlbania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials,
TCD, Dev. Div.85,000
Trade and
Environment
Regional Seminar
for Central andEastern Europeanand Central Asian
CountriesBudapest,
Hungary
4 daysAlbania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary,Kazakstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania,
Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russian
Federation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Ukraine,Uzbekistan
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials, TED,
TCD140,000
Competition
Policy
Regional Seminar
for Central andEastern Europeanand Central Asian
CountriesPrague, Czech
Republic
2 daysAlbania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakstan,
Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia,Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation,Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan,Yugoslavia
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official, IPR. 180,000
Intellectual
Property
Regional Seminar
for Central and
Eastern Europeanand Central AsianCountriesBudapest,
Hungary
3 daysAlbania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, CzechRepublic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakstan,Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia,
Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation,
Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan,Yugoslavia
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials, IPR 140,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 77Activity
TitleYear
2001
Location/
DurationYear
2002
Location/
DurationYear
2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organisations/
Regional bodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Integrated Data
Base
Regional Seminar
for Central and
Eastern Europeanand Central AsianCountriesPrague, Czech
Republic
4 daysAlbania, Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, FYRMacedonia, Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation,
Slovak Rep., Slovenia, , Ukraine
(1 official per country)2 WTO officials,
Stat, Div.100,600
Integrated Data
Base
Regional Seminar
for Central andEastern Europeanand Central AsianCountriesTehran, Iran
(ECOheadquarters
4 daysAfganistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakstan, Kyrgyz
Republic, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey,Uzbekistan.
(1 official  per country)2 WTO officials,
Stat. Div.41,425
TOTAL  2,573,025
Breakdown of Estimated Cost per Each Calendar Year
Year of
Implementation2001 2002 2003
TOTAL
962,025 1,095,000 516,000 2,573,025WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 78Table 2c
Country Tables of Technical Assistance Requirements
for Central and Eastern European and Central Asian Countries3
ALBANIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Agriculture (priority 1)Seminar on Agriculture and
Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures
1 WTO official, 2 days,
Agric. Div.A Regional Seminar on
Agriculture and Sanitary
and Phytosanitary
Measures3,150
TRIPs (Geographical Indications./appellation
of origin)  (priority 2)Seminar on IPR
1 WTO official  2 days,
IPRA Regional Seminar
on IPR3,150
Government Procurement (priority 5)Seminar on Government
Procurement
1 WTO official, 2 days
IPR3,150Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to information
Dispute Settlement UnderstandingDSU Workshop in Geneva Regional Course on DSUDSU Workshop in
Genevano cost to
WTO
                                                     
3 Budget estimates for Regional Seminars, Training Courses and Workshops are covered in Table 1c.  The budget estimates in Table 2c refer only to national activities.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 79ALBANIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
GATS (Transport and Financial Services)
(priority 4)A Regional Seminar on GATS Seminar  on GATS
2 WTO officials, 3 days,
TCD6,820
 Training Courses on Specific WTO
AgreementsJVI Training Courses, as well as
regular WTO courses
Rules of origin, Customs Valuation, Import
Licensing (priority 6)A Regional Seminar for
Balkan countriesSeminar on Market
Access Issues
1 WTO official, 2
days, MA Div.3,150
GATS Financial Services (priority 4)Combined with priority 4 under
Phase IPhase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreement
Implementation of Art. VI of GATT 1994
(priority 7)JVI course on Rules A Sub-Regional Seminar
for Balkan countriesSeminar on Rules
1 WTO official, 2
days, Rules Div.3,150WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 80 ALBANIA
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
TRIPs (priority 2)Combined with priority 2.under
Phase IA Regional Seminar
on IPR
GATS: Insurance services (priority 4)Combined with priority 4 under
Phase I
Notification Requirements (priority 3)Workshop on Notifications
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD3,150
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSNegotiating Skills on the GATT and GATS Two Training Courses on
negotiating techniques have been
held in Year 2000A Regional Seminar
on Trade
Negotiations
Simulations
TOTAL:      
25,720WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 81ARMENIA
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
 (by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Training Seminars and Workshops on specific
Agreements (priority 1)Seminar on WTO and the
multilateral trading system; this
would allow to also assess in
more detail further needs
2 WTO officials, 3 days, TCD,
Acc. Div.10,600
WTO Reference Centre (priority 2)A Mission to Establish a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD5,100Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to information
Access to information and documentation
(priority 2)Combined with priority 2 under
Phase I
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsNotification Requirements (priority 3) Seminar on notification
requirements. Combined withpriority 1 under Phase I
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD5,100
TRIPs (priority 4) Seminar on TRIPs
2 WTO officials, 3 days,
IPRA Regional Seminar
on IPR10,600WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 82 ARMENIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Ot her Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
 (by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Technical Barriers to Trade/Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures (priority 5)A Regional Seminar on
Technical Barriers to
Trade and Sanitary andPhytosanitary MeasuresSeminar on Technical
Barriers to Trade and
Sanitary andPhytosanitaryMeasures
2 WTO officials, 3
days, TED10,600
Assistance in TPR (priority 6) Depending on the
future date of the
TPR
1 WTO official, 3
days, TPR5,300
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSTraining on Dispute Settlement (priority 7) DSU Workshop in Geneva A Regional Course on
DSU
TOTAL: 47,300WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 83AZERBAIJAN
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
 (by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
National Seminar on WTO Agreements
(priority 1)Seminar on WTO and multilateral
trading system which would also
assist in assessing further needs fortechnical assistance for Azerbaijan
2 WTO officials, 3 days, TCD,
Acc. Div11,800
WTO Reference Center (priority 2) A  Mission to establish a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD5,530
Documentation (priority 2) Combined with priority 2 under
Phase I
Anti-Dumping (priority 3) JVI Seminar on Rules
Regional Seminar on RulesWorkshop on Rules
2 WTO officials, 3 days,
Rules Div.11,800Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformation
Customs Valuation (priority 4)Seminar on Market
Access including customsvaluation, rules of origin,
licensing
2 WTO officials, 3 days,
Rules Div.A Regional
Seminar on MarketAccess11,800WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 84 AZERBAIJAN
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
 (by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Customs Valuation (priority 4) Combined with priority 4
under Phase I
Notifications (priority 5) Following Azerbaijan's
accession to the WTO aWorkshop on
Notifications
1 WTO official, 2 days5,530
TRIPs (priority 6) Seminar  on TRIPs
1 WTO official, 2 days,
IPRA Regional Seminar
on TRIPs5,530Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreements
Integrated Data Base A Regional Seminar on the IDB
Negotiations Officials participated in trade
negotiations simulation exercises in
2000A Regional Course on
Trade Negotiations
SimulationsPhase III:
Participation in the
MTS
Dispute Settlement DSU Workshop in GenevaA Regional DSU
Seminar
TOTAL: 51,990WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 85BELARUS
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Antidumping JVI Seminar on Rules A Regional Seminar on
Rules
Customs Valuation (priority 1) A Technical Mission
1 WTO official, 2 days, MA. Div.A Regional Seminar
on Customs
Valuation3,100
Reference Centre (priority 2) A Mission to Establish a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD3,100Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to information
Documentation (priority 2) Combined with Priority 2 under
Phase I
Specific WTO Agreements (priority 3) Seminar on WTO Agreements
2 WTO officials, 3 days, TCD6,700
Integrated Database Regional Workshop on IDBPhase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreements
Notifications (priority 3) Combined with priority 3 under
Phase IIWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 86 BELARUS
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Negotiation skills (techniques, experience,
etc.)A Regional Seminar on
Negotiating Techniques
Dispute Settlement DSU Workshop in Geneva A Regional DSU CoursePhase III:
Participation in the
MTS
Special and Differential treatment (S&D)
(priority 3)Combined with priority 3
under Phase II
TOTAL: 12,900WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 87BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreements
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to informationSpecific assistance in adapting legislation:
GATS, TRIPs, Agriculture (priority 2)Three Technical Missions:
GATS, TRIPs, Agriculture
1 WTO official, 2 days3 X 2,746
= 8,238
Phase II:
ImplementationNotifications (priority 3)Seminar  on
Notifications
1 WTO official, 2 days2,746
Integrated Database A Regional Seminar on IDB
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSTraining on Negotiating skillsA Sub-Regional Course
on Trade NegotiationsSimulations for the
Balkans
Accession (priority 1)Seminar on accession issues -
advice on schedules
2 WTO officials + 1 Consultant, 3
days7,900
TOTAL: 18,884WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 88 BULGARIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Ot her Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Anti-DumpingJVI Seminar on Rules A Regional Seminar
on Rules
General Seminar on national level on WTOand MTS (priority 1)A general Seminar on WTO and
the Multilateral Trading System
1 WTO official, 3 days, TCD3,750
Establishment of Reference Centre (priority 2)A Mission to establish a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days,  TCD3,450Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to information
Customs Valuation (priority 3)Seminar on Market Access
issues, licensing, rules of origin
2 WTO officials, 3 daysA Regional Seminar
on Market Access7,500WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 89BULGARIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Ot her Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate200
1-2003
Agriculture, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures(priority 4)Seminar on Agriculture
and Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures
1 WTO official, 2 days,
Agric. Div.3,450
WTO Rules (AD, safeguards, CVD) (priority 5)JVI Seminars on Rules A Regional Seminar on
RulesSeminar on Rules
2 WTO officials, 3
days, Rules Div.7,500
Technical Barriers to Trade (priority 6)A Regional Seminar on Technical
Barriers to Trade IssuesSeminar on
Technical Barriers
to Trade
1 WTO official 2
days, TED3,450
GATS (priority 7)Regional Seminar on GATS Seminar on GATS
1 WTO official 2
days, TSD3,450
National Workshop on notification requirements
(priority 1)Combined with priority 1 under
Phase IPhase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsIDBA Regional Seminar on IDB
Functioning of enquiry points (Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade,GATS, TRIPs)The issue of enquiry points for
GATS would be addressed in theRegional Seminars and in thetopic related  National Seminar
Impact of WTO Agreements on Bulgaria (priority 1) Combined with priority 1 under
Phase I
E-Commerce (priority 7) Combined with
priority 7 under Phase IWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 90BULGARIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Ot her Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate200
1-2003
Negotiating skills Regional Seminar on Negotiating
TechniquesA Regional Seminar on
Negotiating Techniques
Dispute Settlement A Regional Seminar on DSU
Regionalism A joint BSEC and ECO Regional
Seminar
TPR (priority 8) Depending on the
year that the TPR is
provided
1 WTO official, 3
days3,750Phase III:
Participation in the
MTS
Competition policy (priority 9) A Regional Seminar  on
Competition Policy  Seminar on
competition policy
2 WTO officials, 3
days7,500
TOTAL: 43,800WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 91CROATIA
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to informationNational Seminar on WTO Agreements to address
implications of WTO Membership (priority 1)Seminar on WTO Agreements to
address implications of WTO
Membership for Croatia
2 WTO officials, 3 days, TCD,
Acc. Div.6,100
Notification Requirements (priority 1) Combined with Priority 1 under
Phase I
Drafting of AD, Safeguards and CVD legislation
(priority 2)JVI Seminars on rules
A Technical Mission2 WTO officials, 3 days, Rules
Div.A Regional Seminar for
Balkan countries6,100
Dispute Settlement Procedures DSU Workshop in Geneva A Regional Seminar  on
DSUPhase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreements
Implementation of Technical Barriers to Trade
Agreement (priority 3)Seminar on Technical
Barriers to Trade
1 WTO official, 2 daysA Regional Seminar
on TechnicalBarriers to Trade2,680WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 92 CROATIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Ot her Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Establishing GATT Enquiry points (priority 1) This issue can be addressed in a
Regional Seminar to be held
Czech Re public (combined with
priority 1 under Phase I)
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTS
TOTAL: 14,880WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 93CZECH REPUBLIC
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreements
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to informationCustoms Valuation (priority 1)Seminar on Market
Access issues
1 official, 2 days2,755
Phase II:
ImplementationIntegrated Database A Regional Workshop on IDB
TRIPsA Regional Seminar
on IPR
Notification Requirements (priority 2)Workshop on
notification
requirements
1 official, 2 days2,755
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSServices A Regional Seminar was held on
GATS
Dispute Settlement DSU Workshop in GenevaA Regional Seminar on
DSU
TOTAL: 5,510WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 94 ESTONIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Ot her Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to informationTRIPs (priority 1) Seminar on TRIPs
1 WTO official, 2 days, IPRA Regional Seminar
on TRIPs3,600
Safeguards, Antidumping, A Regional Workshop
on Rules for Baltic
states
Agriculture, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures A Sub-Regional Seminar on
Agriculture for Baltic states
Import Licencing A Regional Seminar on
Market Access issues
Government Procurement Agreement (priority 2) Seminar on
GovernmentProcurement
1 WTO official, 2 days3,600WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 95Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Notification requirements:  Agriculture (domesticsupport, Subsidies ); Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures; Antidumping; Import Licencing)
(priority 3)Notifications Workshop
1 WTO official, 2 days3,600
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsAdaptation of trade laws and regulations (TRIPs,
Agriculture and  various WTO Agreements)
(priority 4)3 Technical Missions:
TRIPs, Agriculture,
Sanitary and
PhytosanitaryMeasures, Rules
1 WTO official, 2 days3 X 3,600
= 10,800
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSDispute Settlement (Courses) DSU Workshop in Geneva A Regional Seminar on
DSU
TOTAL: 21,600WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 96 GEORGIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationCustoms Valuation (priority 1) Workshop  on customs valuation
and related Market Access issues
1 WTO official, 2 days, MA Div.6,400
Antidumping JVI course on rules
A Regional Seminar on Rules
Technical Barriers to Trade Seminar was held in November
2000 on specific TechnicalBarriers to Trade issuesA Regional Seminar
on Technical Barriersto Trade matters
GATS A Regional Seminar on GATS
was held recently
TRIPs (priority 2) Seminar on TRIPs
1 WTO official, 2 days, IPR
.TRIPs: a Regional
Seminar6,400
WTO Reference Centre (priority 3) A Mission to Establish a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official; 2 days, TCD6,400
Documentation (priority 3) Combined with priority 3 under
Phase I
WTO handbooks and technical notes This can be provided by TCD
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsNotification requirements (priority 4) Workshop on notification
requirements
1WTO official, 2 days, TCD6,400WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 97GEORGIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Customs Valuation, TRIPs, Anti-dumping, Subsidiesand Countervailing Duties (priority 5 and priority 6)Each of the implementation
issues mentioned here should beaddressed in the specific National
Seminars organized in Phase IFor budgetary and
planning purposestwo specific
implementation
seminars should beforeseen for each ofthese topics
each with 1 WTO
official, 2 daysFor budgetary and
planning purposestwo specific
implementation
seminars should beforeseen for each ofthese topics
each with 1 WTO
official, 2 days2 X 6,400
= 12,800
2 X 6,400
= 12,800
Good appellation of origin and geographical
indications (priority 2)Combined with  priority 2 under
Phase I
Integrated Database A Regional Seminar to be held
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTS
TOTAL: 51,170WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 98 KAZAKSTAN
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationAgriculture
Rules: Anti-Dumping Safeguards, Subsidies
Rules of Origin, Customs Valuation
Technical Barriers to Trade, Sanitary andPhytosanitary MeasuresTRIMSTRIPs (priority 1)Seminar  covering all these
issues, prior to getting into the
specifics of each Agreement
2 WTO officials, 3 days14,300
WTO Reference Centre (priority 2) A Mission to Establish a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD6,750
Documentation (priority 2) Combined with priority 2 under
Phase I
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsSpecific WTO Agreements (priority 3 and priority 4) The specific
Agreements to becovered would have to
be defined during the
National Seminar(priority 1).
For budgetary and
planning purposes weassume 2 Agreementsto be covered, each to
be conducted by 2
officials over 3 daysFor budgetary and
planning purposes weassume two
Agreements to be
covered, each to beconducted by 2officials over 3 days2 X 14,300
= 28,600
2 X 14,300
= 28,600
Integrated Database Regional Seminar on the IDB
Notification requirements Combined with priority 1 under
Phase I
Phase III
Participation in the
MTSNegotiation skills (trade negotiations simulations and
practices)Regional Seminar on
negotiating techniques in 2000A Regional Seminar on
negotiating techniques
for CIS countriesWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 99KAZAKSTAN
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Dispute Settlement Understanding DSU Workshop in GenevaA Regional Seminar on
DSU
TOTAL: 78,250WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 100 KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationSeminar on the WTO Agreements and implications of
WTO Membership for the Kyrgyz Republic (priority
1)Seminar on the WTO
Agreements and implications of
WTO Membership for the
Kyrgyz Republic
2 WTO officials, 3 days, TCD,
Acc. Div.13,200
Regionalism: Art. XXIV of GATT 1994 Regional Seminar for BSEC/ECO
countries
GATS (priority 4)Seminar on services,
including e-commerce
1 WTO official, 2 daysA Regional Seminar
on GATS6,500
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsTechnical Barriers to Trade (priority 2) Seminar on Technical Barriers to
Trade
1 WTO official, 2 daysA Regional Seminar to
cover Technical
Barriers to Trade issuesand functioning ofenquiry points6,500
IDB A Regional Seminar on IDB
Regionalism A Regional Seminar on
Regionalism
Phase III
Participation in the
MTSNegotiating Skills (Art. XXVIII and Art. XXVIIIbis)
(priority 3)Seminar to address tariff
negotiations
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD6,500
Negotiations on Agriculture (priority 5) A Regional Seminar for CIS
countriesSeminar  on agriculture
1 WTO official, 2 days6,500
TOTAL: 39,200WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 101LATVIA
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationAnti-dumping, Safeguards, Countervailing measures
(priority 1)Seminar on Rules
2 WTO officials, 3 days,
Rules Div.A Regional Seminar on
rules for Baltic
countries8,700
GATS (priority 2) A Regional Seminar on ServicesSeminar on services
1 WTO official, 2 days
TSD4,000
TRIPs (priority 3)Seminar  on intellectual
property rights
1 WTO official, 2 daysA Regional Seminar
on TRIPs4,000
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures A Sub-Regional Seminar on
Agriculture and Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsIntegrated Database A Regional Seminar on the IDB
Anti-dumping (understanding/implementation)A Sub-Regional
Seminar on rules forBaltic countries
Phase III
Participation in the
MTSRegular Trade Policy Courses
Dispute Settlement Courses DSU Workshop in GenevaWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 102LATVIA
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Regionalism and Multilateral Trading SystemA Regional Seminar for
Central and EasternEuropean countries
TOTAL: 16,700WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 103LITHUANIA
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationGeneral understanding of trade policy issues and
WTO systemSeminar was held for
Parliamentarians, government
officials, private sector and
academia in January 2001, but
should be followed up with morespecific Seminars
Customs Valuation (priority 1) Seminar on Market Access issues
1 WTO official, 2 days, MA Div.2,930
Agriculture (priority 2) A Regional Seminar on
AgricultureSeminar on Agriculture
and Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures
1 WTO official, 2 days2,930
Anti-dumping, Subsidies and Countervailing
Measures, SafeguardsA sub-Regional
Seminar on rules in
Lithuania
Documentation (Access to WTO documentation) This will be provided by TCD
Integrated Database A Regional Seminar on IDB
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsNotification requirements (general understanding of
notification proceduresThis activity was largely covered
during the National Seminar,January 2001
Integrated Database A Regional Seminar on IDB
Customs Valuation, Import Licensing (priority 1) Combined with Priority 1 under
Phase I
GATS (priority 3) GATS: a Regional Seminar on
servicesSeminar on services
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TSD2,930
Agriculture, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures A Sub-Regional Seminar on
Agriculture
Dispute Settlement DSU Workshop in GenevaA Regional Seminar on
DSUWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 104LITHUANIA
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSRights and possibilities for Lithuania once it becomes
a WTO MemberSome of these issues were already
partly covered in the NationalSeminar in January 2001
Negotiating skills (on-going negotiations –Agriculture and Services),  further liberalization,
Market AccessA Regional Seminar
on negotiatingtechniques
TOTAL: 8,790WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 105MACEDONIA, FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationNational Seminar on WTO Agreements (priority 1) Seminar on WTO Agreements
(postponed from 2000) to address
specific issues of interest toMacedonia and raise awarenessof the implications of theAgreements for Macedonia
2 WTO officials, 3 days6,300
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsTraining of experts and assistance in adapting
national legislation with WTO Agreements on
Technical Barriers to Trade, Sanitary andPhytosanitary Measures and TRIPs (priority 3)A total of three technical missions
on Technical Barriers to Trade,
Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures and TRIPs to addressthe legal aspects
1 WTO official, 2 days3 X 2,850
= 7,550
Specific WTO Agreements (Safeguards, Subsidies
and Countervailing Measures, Anti-dumping).
Preparing new legislation (priority 4)JVI Seminar on RulesA Sub-Regional
Seminar for Balkan
States on RulesSeminar on Rules
1 WTO official, 2
days2,850
Agriculture Agreement (priority 5) A WTO mission was held in 2000
on AgricultureA Sub-Regional
Seminar on agricultureSeminar on
Agriculture
1 WTO official, 2
days2,850
Regional Seminar on WTO issues in Macedonia A Regional Seminar on
regionalism
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSNegotiating skills and training with regard to on-
going negotiations on Agriculture and ServicesA Training Course on negotiating
techniques was held in Skopje inthe Autumn 2000.  Furtherspecific assistance will be
provided in conjunction with
specialized Seminars onagriculture and servicesA Regional Seminar
on tradenegotiationssimulationsWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 106MACEDONIA, FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Market Access (priority 2) Seminar on Market Access
addressing tariffs, customsvaluation, rules of origin,
licensing etc.
1 WTO official, 2 days, MA Div.2,850
Dispute Settlement DSU Workshop in GenevaRegional DSU Course
TOTAL: 22,400WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 107MOLDOVA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationAwareness raising – Parliamentarians and civil
society – cost benefits of WTO Memberships
(priority 1)Seminar to discuss
implications of Moldova's
Membership to the WTOfollowed by a technicalmission on notificationrequirements
2 WTO officials, 3 days,
TCD, Acc. Div8,650
Notification requirements (priority 1) Combined with Priority 1
under Phase I
Effective participation in WTO matters (priority 1) Combined with Priority 1
under Phase I
Reference Centre (priority 2) A Mission to Establish a
WTO Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD3,680
Documentation (priority 2) Combined with Priority 2
under Phase I
Specific Agreements (priority 3) Combined with priority 3
under Phase II
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsSpecific WTO Agreements
Most Agreements are listed for technical assistancerequirements (priority 3)Two Seminar s on specific
WTO Agreements
2 X 2 WTO officials, 3
days
In addition, on most
Agreements, Regional
Seminars are scheduledTwo Seminar s on specific
WTO Agreements
2 X 2 WTO officials, 3
daysTwo Seminar s on specific
WTO Agreements
2 X 2 WTO officials, 3
days2 X 8,000
= 16,0002 X 8,000
 = 16,000
2X 8,000
= 16,000
Establishment of Enquiry Point (Pri ority 3) Combined with priority 3
under Phase IWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 108MOLDOVA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSTraining on Negotiations This can be combined with
specific topic-relatedSeminarsA Regional Training
Course on TradeNegotiations Simulations
Dispute Settlement Course DSU Courses in GenevaA Regional DSU course
TOTAL: 60,330WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 109POLAND
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationTRIPs  (priority 1) Seminar on TRIPs
1 WTO official, 2 days, IPR.A Regional Seminar
on TRIPs3,600
GPA: Adapting trade laws and regulations (priority 2) Technical Mission
1 WTO official, 3 days4,000
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsIntegrated Database A Regional Seminar on IDB
Dispute Settlement Understanding DSU Workshop in GenevaRegional DSU Course
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSRules:  Anti-Dumping, Subsidies and CVDs,
SafeguardsJVI Seminar on Rules
TOTAL: 7,600WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 110 ROMANIA
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationSafeguards, Anti-dumping and Subsidies. National
Seminar  for the understanding and implementation
(priority 1)Seminar on Rules
2 WTO officials, 3 days7,300
WTO Reference Centre (priority 2) A Mission to Establish a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD3,640
Documentation (priority 2) Combined with Priority 2 under
Phase I
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsIntegrated Database (content and use) Regional
Seminar for European economies in transitionA Regional Seminar on IDB
TRIPs (priority 3) Seminar  on TRIPs
1 WTO official, 2 daysA Regional Seminar
on TRIPs3,640
Phase III
Participation in the
MTSNegotiating skills Officials participated in Training
Course in Georgia (Tbilisi),
Autumn 2000A Regional
Training Course on
negotiatingtechniques
Dispute Settlement DSU Workshop in GenevaRegional DSU Course
TOTAL: 14,580WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 111RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreements
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationAgriculture, Textiles, Subsidies, TRIPs, Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade
(priority 1)Seminar covering all these
topics
3 WTO officials, 4 days16,000
Reference Centre (priority 2)A Mission to Establish a
WTO Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days4,300
Phase II:
ImplementationNotifications (priority 3)Workshop on
notifications
1 WTO official, 2 days4,300
Integrated Database A Regional Seminar on IDB
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSRegional Trade Agreements A Regional Seminar on
Regionalism
NegotiationsA Regional Seminar on
Trade Negotiation
Dispute SettlementA Regional dispute
settlement course
TOTAL: 24,600WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 112
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Ot her Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationNational Seminar on GATS in preparation of services
negotiationsA Regional Seminar on Services
Government Procurement (priority 1) A  Technical Mission on
Government Procurement
1 WTO official, 2 days2,280
Establishment of WTO Reference Centre (priority 2) A Mission to Establish a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD2,280
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsSeminar on IDB submissions A Regional Seminar on IDB
Notification requirements (Anti-Dumping, Subsidies
and CVDs, Safeguards, Services (priority 3)A Technical Mission on
notifications
1 WTO official, 2 days2,280
Phase III
Participation in the
MTSNational Seminar on negotiating skills (Agriculture
and Services)A Regional
Training Course on
negotiating
techniques
Dispute Settlement, participation in WTO Seminars DSU Workshop in GenevaA Regional Training
Course on DSU
TOTAL 6,840WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 113TURKEY
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationSpecific WTO Agreements
Regionalism and the WTO (Regional Seminars)A Regional Seminar on
regionalism, jointly with BSEC
and ECO Secretariats
WTO Reference Centre (priority 1) A Mission to Establish a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD3,120
Documentation (priority 1) Combined with Priority 1 under
Phase I
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsNotification Requirements (priority 2) Seminar on notification
requirements
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD3,120
Specific WTO Agreement (priority 3)Two Seminar s on
specific WTOAgreements, whichremain to be defined
1 WTO official, 2 daysTwo Seminar s on
specific WTOAgreements, whichremain to be defined
1 WTO official, 2
days2 X 3,120
= 6,240
2 X 3,120
X
= 6,240
Integrated Database A Regional Seminar on IDB
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSSpecial and Differential Treatment (S&D) (priority 3) Combined with Priority 3 under
Phase II
Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) DSU Workshop in GenevaWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 114TURKEY
Implementation Modalities/Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Negotiating skills Officials attended two such
Workshops in 2000
TOTAL: 18,720WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 115UKRAINE
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate  2001-
2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationAnti-Dumping, Technical Barriers to Trade, Customs
Valuation, TRIPs, GATS, Government Procurement
(priority 1)Seminar which will address all
these issues
2 WTO officials, 3 days TCD,
Acc. Div.9,000
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsCustoms Valuation (priority 2) Seminar on Market Access
1 WTO official, 2 daysA Regional Seminar
on Market Accessissues4,000
Notifications (priority 2) Combined with Priority 2 under
Phase II
Integrated Database A Regional Seminar
TRIPs (priority 3)Seminar on IPR
1 WTO official, 2 days,
IPR.A Regional Seminar
on IPR4,000
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSNegotiating skillsA Regional Training
Course on negotiatingtechniques
TOTAL: 17,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 116 UZBEKISTAN
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationWTO Agreements and procedures (priority 1) Seminar addressing WTO
Agreements and the multilateral
trading system in a horizontal
manner
2 WTO officials, 3 daysThree  Seminar s on
specific Agreements to
be defined
1 WTO official, 2 days14,400
3 X 6,825
= 20,475
WTO Reference Centre (priority 2) A Mission to Establish a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD6,825
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsAdapting national legislation to TRIPs Agreement
(priority 3)A Technical Mission to address
legal aspects of adapting national
legislation to TRIPs Agreement
1 WTO official, 2 days6,825
Integrated Database A Regional Seminar
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSSpecial and Differential Treatment (S&D) (priority 1) Combined with Priority 1 under
Phase I
Dispute Settlement Understanding DSU Workshop in GenevaA Regional Seminar
TOTAL: 48,525WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 117YUGOSLAVIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Ot her Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreementsand access toinformationAccession Process (priority 1) Technical Mission to identify
priorities in accession process
and technical assistance
requirements
1 WTO official, 2 days2,300
Agriculture (priority 2) Technical mission on
Agriculture
1 WTO official, 2 days2,300
Services (GATS) (priority 3) Technical Mission on Services
1 WTO official, 2 days2,300
Subsidies & CVDs (priority 4) Technical Mission on Rules and
Subsidies & CVDs
1 WTO official, 2 days2,300
Statistics Regional Seminar on IDB
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreements
Phase III:
Participation in the
MTSTariff Negotiations (priority 5) Seminar on Tariff Negotiations
1 Consultant, 5 daysRegional Seminar on Tariff
Negotiation6,825
Agriculture Negotiations (priority 6) Seminar on Agriculture
1 WTO official, 2 days2,300WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 118YUGOSLAVIA
Implementation Modalities/ Divisions/Ot her Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Services negotiations (priority 7) Seminar  on Services
1 WTO official, 2 days2,300
TOTAL:            20,625WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 119
Summary of Budget Estimates
for Regional and Na tional Seminars
2001-2003
2001 2002 2003 Total 2001-2003
National Seminars 349,263 204,445 124,236 677,944
Regional Seminars 962,025 1,095,000 516,000 2,573,025
Total for each year 1,311,288 1,299,445 640,236 3,250,969WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 120
V. THREE-YEAR PLAN FOR LATIN AMERICAN AND THE CARIBBEAN
DEVELOPING COUNT RIES, 2001-2003
A. OVERVIEW
Only one country in the Caribbean remains a non-WTO Member: The Bahamas, which
requested observer status in 2000, with a view to accession to the WTO. On the other hand, all
countries in the region are members of one or another regional economic integration scheme. In
addition to Haiti, a least-developed country, the developing countries in the region are:
Country WTO Member Status Replied to the
Questionnaire on
Technical AssistanceTrade Policy
Review
Antigua and Barbuda 15 April 1994 2001 OECS
Argentina 29 December 1994 1992,1999
Bahamas OBSERVER
Barbados 15 April 1994
Belize 15 April 1994
Bolivia 12 September 1995 1993, 1999
Brazil 21 December 1994 1992, 1996,
2000
Chile 28 December 1994 1991, 1997,
2003
Colombia 30 April 1995 X 1990, 1996,
2002
Costa Rica 26 December 1994 1995, 2001
Cuba 20 April 1995 X
Dominica 22 December 1994 2001 OECS
Dominican Republic 9 March 1995 1996, 2002
Ecuador 21 January 1996
El Salvador 7 May 1995 X 1996, 2002
Grenada 22 February 1996 2001 OECS
Guatemala 21 July 1995 X 2002
Guyana 15 April 1994
Haiti (LDC) 30 January 1996
Honduras 16 December 1994 X
Jamaica 9 March 1995 X 1998
Mexico 31 August 1994 1993,1997,
2001
Nicaragua 3 September 1995 X 1999
Panama 6 September 1997 X
Paraguay 30 November 1994 1997, 2003
Peru 21 December 1994 1994, 2000
St. Kitts and Nevis 21 February 1996 2001 OECS
St. Lucia 30 December 1994 2001 OECS
St. Vincent and the
Grenadines28 December 1994 2001 OECS
Suriname 15 April 1994 X
Trinidad and Tobago 1 March 1995 1998
Uruguay 29 December 1994 X 1992, 1998
Venezuela 30 December 1994 X 1996, 2002WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 121
The Latin American and Caribbean region can be divided into two broad groups: the Spanish-
speaking continental countries (including Portuguese-speaking Brazil), plus Cuba and the Dominican
Republic in the Caribbean; and the Caribbean-basin English-speaking island countries. Differences in
history, culture and traditions also follow these two broad lines.
B. STRUCTURE OF THE REGION : MAIN REGIONAL AND SUB -REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
The Western Hemisphere as a whole has a long history of international and regional
cooperation. The oldest international organization in the world still functioning at present is the
Organization of American States (OAS), successor to the old Pan-American Union, established in the
late 19th century.
The coexistence of two of the most developed countries in the world, Canada and the United
States, with over 30 developing countries in the same continental mass, has brought to bear a
determining influence on the structure of regional  institutions. This is the reason why, whilst all
countries in the Hemisphere are members of th e OAS and the Inter-American Development Bank,
with some extra-regional members in the IADB, only developing countries in the region are membersof the Latin American Economic System (SELA). SELA is an institution designed to cooperate in the
economic area and, inter-alia , to develop positions on issues with the USA and Canada, as well as
with other important extra-regional trading partners, such as Japan and the European Union.
Regional and sub-regional economic integration movements have followed basically
historical patterns.  The Central American Common Market (CACM – with the SIECA and SICA
Secretariats), the Andean Community, MERCOSUR, and CARICOM –which also encompasses the
small island countries of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), are the main regional
integration schemes. NAFTA, which brings together the US and Canada with Mexico in a North-
American Free-Trade Area is, for its part, the only free-trade area in the world where two developedcountries and one developing country have joined in equal partnership.
The Latin American Integration Association (ALADI), established with the Treaty of
Montevideo of 1980 as a successor to the old Lati n American Free-Trade Area (ALALC in Spanish –
Treaty of Montevideo 1960), joins together Mexico with all South-American countries. Cuba accededin 2000.  ALADI has also become the legal cover, not only for plurilateral arrangements such as
MERCOSUR and the Andean Community, but also for a broad network of bilateral free trade
agreements. The Group of Three, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela, initially projected as a
transitional agreement towards a free-trade area, has also become a framework for cooperation and
assistance between these three countries and the smaller Central-American and Caribbean countries,
particularly in the energy area. Finally, the Association of Caribbean States, established as a
consultation, cooperation and concerted action organization on trade, transport, sustainable tourismand natural disasters, encompasses all countries in the Caribbean basin plus, as associated Members,Aruba, the Netherlands Antilles, and France on behalf of Guadeloupe and Martinique . 
On the political side, it is worthwhile to note the Ibero-American Summit, which brings
together once a year the Heads of State and Government of Spain and Portugal with all Spanish- and
Portuguese –speaking Latin American and Caribbean countries.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 122Membership of Latin American and Caribbean Countries in Regional and Sub-Regional Organizations
Country Organizatio
n of
American
States
OASLatin
American
Economic
System
SELALatin
American
Integration
Association
ALADICentral American
Common Market
CACMAndean
Community of
Nations
CANCommon
Market of the
South
MERCOSURCaribbean
Community
CARICOMOrganization
of Eastern
Caribbean
States
OECSAssociation of
Caribbean
States
ACSFree-trade
area of the
Americas
FTAA
Negotiatio
ns
Head
QuartersWashington
DCCaracas
VenezuelaMontevideo
UruguayGuatemala Lima
PeruMontevideo
UruguayGeorgetown
GuyanaCastries
St. LuciaPort of
Spain
Trinidad and
TobagoPanama
Antigua
andBarbudaX XXX X
Argentina X X X X X
Bahamas X X XX X
Barbados X X XX X
Belize X X XX X
Bolivia X X X X Associate X
Brazil X X X X X
Chile X X X Associate X
Colombia X X X X X
Costa Rica X X X XX
Cuba X X Associate X
Dominica X XXX X
Dominican
RepublicXX Associate X X
Ecuador X X X X X
El
SalvadorXX X XX
Grenada X X XXX X
Guatemala X X X XX
Guyana X X XX X
Haiti (ldc) X X Associate X X
Honduras X X X XX
Jamaica X X XX X
Mexico X X X XX
Nicaragua X X X XX
Panama X X Associate XX
Paraguay X X X X X
Peru X X X X XWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 123Country Organizatio
n of
American
States
OASLatin
American
Economic
System
SELALatin
American
Integration
Association
ALADICentral American
Common Market
CACMAndean
Community of
Nations
CANCommon
Market of the
South
MERCOSURCaribbean
Community
CARICOMOrganization
of Eastern
Caribbean
States
OECSAssociation of
Caribbean
States
ACSFree-trade
area of the
Americas
FTAA
Negotiatio
ns
Head
QuartersWashington
DCCaracas
VenezuelaMontevideo
UruguayGuatemala Lima
PeruMontevideo
UruguayGeorgetown
GuyanaCastries
St. LuciaPort of
Spain
Trinidad and
TobagoPanama
St. Kitts
and NevisX XXX X
St. Lucia X XXX X
St. Vincent
and theGrenadine
sX XXX X
Suriname X X XX X
Trinidad
and
TobagoXX XX X
Uruguay X X X X X
Venezuela X X X X X X
As can be seen from the above, regional institutional developmen t in the Western Hemisphere is quite advanced and solid. Aside from the consultation
and cooperation activities undertaken within the SELA framewor k and other regional schemes, the negotiations on the various fre e-trade agreements have also
provided most countries in the region with extensive negotiating experience in trade matters for almost a decade. It has also f acilitated WTO's technical
cooperation work, which, in collaboration with regional secretariats, has generated a critical mass of highly skilled officials  and private sector operators well
versed on the intricacies of the multilateral trading system, the complexities of market access conditions, and the challenges of regional economic integration.
This does not mean, necessarily, that technical cooperation work is no longer needed in the region. It does mean, however, that  this work can be more
focused in its approach and more effective in its results with, as  a corollary, a better cost/benefit ratio. It may also be the  reason why responses to the
questionnaire on technical cooperation requirements were about one-third the number of countries in the region, and some of the m were concentrated on one or
two issues.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 124
C. SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES IN 1998-2000
Between 1998 and 2000 more than 180 technical cooperation activities were carried out in the
Latin America and Caribbean region, roughly half a nd half on a regional (90 activities) and a national
(97 activities) basis. As may be seen from the table below, seminars and technical missions, where
more than one substantive issue was dealt with, were the more numerous activities, a little over half ofthem at the regional level. Trade in services, customs and trade administration (basically customs
valuation) and the establishment of WTO Reference Centres also accounted for a large number of
activities. A fair number of activities were also held on issues related to trade in goods, including on
market access, rules, agriculture and textiles and clothing. A number of activities under the heading of
Trade Agenda were also carried out, reflecting both the period of preparations for the Seattle
Ministerial Conference, as well as activities linked to the FTAA process. Other activities are also
indicated in the table, under different headings. The aim of the table is to provide a backdrop to theregional programme for 2001 and beyond contained in this document.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 125
Number of technical assistance activities by subject covered, 1998-2000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Short Trade Policy Courses
Seminars and technical missions
Trade Agenda
Conferences and symposia
TA-Trade Policy Review
Notifications
Negotiating techniques
Goods: Market Access
Integrated Data Base
Agriculture
Textiles and Clothing
TBT/SPS
Customs and trade administration
Goods:Rules
Trade in Services
TRIPS
Accession
Regionalism
Trade and Development
Trade and Environment
Trade and Investment
Trade and Competition Policy
Government Procurement
Trade Facilitation
Electronic Commerce
Dispute Settlement
WTO Reference Centres
Regional National
Explanatory notes:
1. Each activity is counted as one without taking into account its duration
2. An activity is included under "Seminars and Technical Missions" when it covered two or
more WTO Agreements.
3. Trade Agenda refers to activities covering the provision of up-to-date information on the
state-of-play of mandated negotiation and the preparations for Ministerial Session as well as
briefings.
4. The entry "Goods: Market Access" includes all activities related to tariff
negotiations/renegotiations, transportation of tariff schedules and ITA.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 126
D. SUGGESTED PLAN OF ACTION FOR 2001-2003
A Plan of action of technical cooperation at a regional level has to take fully into account, at
least, three dimensions. In the first place, regional specificities; second, the work already achieved –
since technical assistance per-se is an on-going work-in-progress; and third, practical and concrete
forward looking objectives. Regional specificities have been covered in previous paragraphs above;work already done is covered in the separate annual report.
Objectives
• Addressing particular difficulties in domestic implementation of WTO Agreements . In
broad terms, (barring particularly sensitive issues such as the "banana" problem) Latin
American and Caribbean countries have consistently been highly supportive of the WTO
and the multilateral trading system. Lately, however, as in other developing countryregions, issues related to implementation have become controversial in relations among
WTO Members. A main objective in technical cooperation work with this region, hence,
should be to address particular difficulties in the area of implementation of WTO
commitments at the national level . In doing so, two successive lines of intervention are
required: first, the promotion of a broad understanding of the WTO Agreements, both as asystematic whole and as inter-related rules; second, in-depth training for the national
administrators of the domestic implementation of these agreements. Understanding may
be promoted through in-depth workshops conducted mainly by WTO experts.
Nevertheless, as technical and practical aspects of administration become clearer, the
participation of other organizations with further expertise at the technical level (such asWIPO, ISO, CODEX, FAO, World Cust oms Organizations, and others) has to
proportionally increase. Furthermore, as these aspects emerge, the WTO would also be
ready to act as a facilitator in increasing direct bilateral technical assistance from
developed countries to developing countries in some of these areas, in line with the
corresponding provisions included in some of the agreements themselves.
• Assisting in developing negotiating capacities .  Negotiating skills is an area where
requests for training are consistently increasing. From basic tariffs negotiations exercises
to more complex negotiating techniques on institutional issues and rule-making, technical
assistance and training requirements are on the rise. A well-trained negotiator is not only
a valuable asset for his/her own government, but is also a constructive component in anynegotiating process. In this perspective, training in negotiating techniques and assisting
in preparations, including facilitating the flow of information, is also a substantive
objective  in the regional programme for Latin American and Caribbean Members of the
WTO.
• Continued disseminat ion of information . The question of the need for continuing
support in disseminating both general and in-depth information on the WTO and the
multilateral trading system, as well as repeats of basic training,  is also an objective to be
addressed. Institutionalization of the different short trade policy courses delivered to the
region until now would contribute to address this objective.
• Enhancing collaboration with regional institutions.  The severe constraints in financial
resources faced by the Secretariat due to the overall size of the budgetary line for
technical cooperation missions, as well as to the increasing practice of "earmarking"voluntary extra-budgetary funds, have affected  the Latin American and Caribbean region
most. Priorities set by Members for Least-developed countries and the Africa region have
made the achievement of an equitable "global balance" in activities with developing
countries an increasingly difficult task. In fact, it may be stated that if this region did notWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 127
have the solid support of the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) through the
Institute for Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), and the active
collaboration of other regional institutions, over half of all activities in the past few years
would most likely not have been possible.  Hence, a most important objective is keeping
and enhancing the collaboration of regional institutions  with the WTO in delivering
technical assistance in the region.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 128Table 1d
The Supply Side:
Regional Seminars, Training Courses, Workshops for Latin America and Caribbean Countries
Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Regional and
Multilateral Issues inthe Trade Agenda of
the Americas
Regional Advanced
Training Course
(English)Washington, D. C.
2 weeksWashington, D. C.
2 weeksWashington, D. C.
2 weeksAntigua and Barbuda, Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada,Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis,
St. Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
(2 officials per country)
(paid by OAS)2 WTO officials, TCD,
Legal AffairsOrganization of
American States (OAS)
Georgetown University46,800
Regional and
Multilateral Issues in
the Trade Agenda of
the Americas
Regional Advanced
Training Course
(Spanish)Washington, D. C.
2 weeksWashington, D. C.
2 weeksWashington, D. C.
2 weeksBolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru
(2 officials per country)
(paid by OAS)2 WTO officials TCD,
Legal Affairs
Organization of
American States (OAS)Georgetown University46,800
Trade Policy
Short Trade Policy
Course for countriesMembers of the Latin
American Integration
Association (ALADI)Montevideo,
Uruguay
2 weeksArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico,
Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials, TCD
INTAL, ALADI
Secretariat153,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 129Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Trade Policy
Short Trade Policy
Course for CARICOMcountriesBridgetown,
Barbados
3 weeksBridgetown,
Barbados
3 weeksAntigua and Barbuda, Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada,
Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis,
St. Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad andTobago, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)2 WTO officials,
TCD, Legal Affairs
INTAL, Caribbean
Regional NegotiatingMachinery, (CRNM)37,400
Trade Policy
Short Trade Policy
Course for CentralAmerican and other Latin
American countriesGuatemala,
5 daysBolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,Panama
 (2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)2 WTO officials,
TCD, Legal Affairs
INTAL, SIECA17,400
Rules
Seminar on Trade
Remedies for Central
American and other Latin
American countries:Overview of AD, SCMand SG Agreements,investigation and
application procedures;
dumping calculationsTegucigalpa,
Honduras
5 daysBolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,Panama
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)1 WTO official
INTAL, CentralAmerican Bank forEconomic Integration
(BCIE)15,330WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 130 Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Rules
Seminar on Subsidy
disciplines andnotification requirementsfor CARICOM countriesBridgetown,
Barbados
4 daysAntigua and Barbuda, Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada,
Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis,
St. Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad andTobago, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)1 WTO official
INTAL, CRNM8,700
Rules
Seminar on Subsidy
disciplines andnotification requirementsfor Central American and
other Latin American
countriesTegucigalpa,
Honduras
5 daysBolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)1 WTO official
INTAL, BCIE9,500
Rules
Seminar on Subsidy
disciplines andnotification requirements
for countries Members of
the Andean CommunityLima, Peru
5 daysBolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)1 WTO official
INTAL, Andean
CommunitySecretariat (CAN)10,800
Rules
Seminar on Subsidy
disciplines andnotification requirementsfor countries Members of
MERCOSURBuenos Aires,
Argentina
5 daysArgentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay,
Uruguay
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)1 WTO official
INTAL11,900
TBT
Regional Workshop for
countries Members of theAndean Community andother Latin AmericancountriesBogota, Colombia
5 daysBolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Nicaragua, Peru, Venezuela
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)2 WTO officials
INTAL16,800WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 131Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Trade Policy Review
Workshop for countries
Members ofOrganization of EasternCaribbean States (OECS)
and WTOCastries, St. Lucia
5 daysAntigua and Barbuda, Dominica,
Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia,
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)2 WTO officials,
TCD, TPR
INTAL, OECS
Secretariat18,500
Trade in Services
Andean Workshop on the
Services Negotiations inthe WTOCaracas, Venezuela
2 daysBolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, Venezuela
(2 officials per country)
(self-financed)1 WTO official
CAN6,500
Negotiations in
Agriculture andServices
Regional Workshop on
Negotiations inAgriculture and Services
in the WTO for Central
American and other LatinAmerican countriesGuatemala,
5 daysBolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama
 (2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)2 WTO official
INTAL, BCIE,SIECA16,900WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 132 Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
TRIPs
Regional Workshop on
TRIPs for CentralAmerican and other LatinAmerican countriesGuatemala
5 daysBolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)1 WTO Official
INTAL, BCIE,
SIECA8,450
Trade and
Environment
Conference on Trade and
EnvironmentMexico City,
Mexico
3 daysExperts Conference – no participating
countries as such1 WTO official
UNEP6,800
Trade and
Environment
Regional Seminar for
CARICOM countriesDominica
4 daysAntigua and Barbuda, Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada,Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis,
St. Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials
CARICOMSecretariat
CRNMNo cost to
WTO
Agriculture
Regional Workshop on
international negotiations
on agriculture and
foodstuffs for countriesMembers of ALADI andCentral American
CommonBuenos Aires,
Argentina
4 daysArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,Dominican Republic, Ecuador, ElSalvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official
ALADI,InteramericanInstitute for
Cooperation in
Agriculture (IICA)INTALNo cost to
WTOWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 133Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Trade Negotiations
Third Workshop on
Trade Negotiations Skillsfor CARICOM countriesBridgetown,
Barbados
5 daysAntigua and Barbuda, Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada,
Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis,
St. Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad andTobago, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)1 WTO official
Training Division
CARICOM, CRNM,
INTAL, 2 consultants7,000
Trade Negotiations
Workshop on Trade
Negotiations Skills forCentral American and
other Latin American
countriesGuatemala
5 daysBolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,Panama
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)1 WTO official
INTAL, 2 consultants8,700
Trade Negotiations
Workshop on Trade
Negotiations Skills for
countries Members of
Andean CommunityLima, Peru
5 daysBolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, Venezuela
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)1 WTO official
1 ConsultantCAN, INTAL18,850
WTO Ministerial
Conference
Regional Andean
Seminar on the WTOMinisterial ConferenceLima, Peru
5 daysBolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela
(2 officials per country)
(self-financed)2 WTO officials
CAN, INTAL16,440WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 134 Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Dispute Settlement
Dispute Settlement
Course for countriesMembers of the AndeanCommunityLima, Peru
4 daysBolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, Venezuela
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)2 WTO Officials,
TCD, Legal Affairs
CAN, INTAL20,100
Dispute Settlement
Dispute Settlement
Course for Central-
American and other Latin
American countriesManagua, Nicaragua
5 daysBolivia, Costa Rica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,Panama
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)2 WTO officials,
TCD, Legal AffairsINTAL19,800
Dispute Settlement
Dispute Settlement
Course for CARICOM
countriesBridgetown,
Barbados
5 daysAntigua and Barbuda, Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada,Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis,St. Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)2 WTO officials
CARICOMSecretariatCRNM, INTAL18,700
Competition Policy
Regional Workshop on
Competition Policy for
Latin American and
Caribbean countriesBuenos Aires,
Argentina
5 daysArgentina, Antigua and Barbuda,
Bahamas, Barbados , Belize, Bolivia,
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras,Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama,Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St.
Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago,
St. Vincent and the GrenadinesUruguay, Venezuela.
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials
2 Consultants, INTAL170,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 135Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Government
Procurement
Regional Workshop for
ALADI and CentralAmerican countriesMontevideo,
Uruguay
5 daysArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El
Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay,Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
(2 officials per country)
(self-financed)1 WTO official, IPR
ALADI, INTAL10,000
Government
Procurement
Regional Workshop for
CARICOM countriesBridgetown,
Barbados
5 daysAntigua and Barbuda, Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada,Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis,St. Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, St. Vincent and the Grenadines
(2 officials per country)
(paid by INTAL)1 WTO official, IPR
CARICOM, CRNM,INTAL9,350
WTO Reference
Centers
Regional Mission for
establishment of WTOReference Centers inCentral American
countriesCosta Rica, El
Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,Nicaragua,
10 daysCosta Rica., El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Nicaragua
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official, TCD
SIECA16,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 136 Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Distance Learning
Post-Graduate
Programme on WTO andthe MTS via Video-ConferenceMonterrey, Mexico
20 hoursChile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru,
Venezuela
(2 officials per country)7 WTO officials,
TCD, Legal Affairs,
M:A: Div., TSD,
Rules Div., Agric.Div., IPRInstitute of
Technology and
Higher Studies ofMonterreyNo cost to
WTO
Breakdown of Estimated Cost for Each Calendar Year
Year of Implementation 2001 2002 2003 TOTAL
552,420 144,200 49,900 746,520WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 137Table 2d
Country Tables of Technical Assistance Requirements
for Latin American Countries4
COLOMBIA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to informationTechnical Barriers to Trade (priority 1) Regional  Workshop on
Technical Barriers to Trade
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
Agreements
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSTrade negotiating skills (priority 2) A Sub-Regional Workshop
on Trade Negotiating Skills
for Andean countries
WTO  Ministerial Conference (priority 3) Regional Andean Seminar
on WTO MinisterialConference
TOTAL:
                                                     
4 Budget estimates for Regional Seminars, Training Courses and Workshops are covered in Table 1d.  The budget estimates in Table 2d b refer only to national activities.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 138 CUBA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to information
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsAgreement on Agriculture (priority 1) Workshop on Agriculture to
address the Agreement onAgriculture, notifications in
agriculture, negotiations in
agriculture
2 WTO officials, 4 days15,300
GATS (priority 3)Workshop on Services
to address GATS,negotiations andcreation of a data base
on services
2 WTO officials, 4 days15,300
 TRIPs, Rules Agreement (priority 4)Workshop on TRIPs,
including technical
assistance on legislation
and review
2 WTO officials, 4 days15,300
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSDispute Settlement (priority 2) Regional Workshop in the
Caribbean
Negotiations in Services and Agriculture
(priority 3)Covered under Phase II,
priority 1 and 3
Notifications in Agriculture (priority 5) Workshop on Notifications
1 WTO official, 2 days7,020WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 139CUBA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSNegotiating techniques in Services
(priority 3)Covered under Phase II, priority
3
TOTAL: 52,920WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 140
EL  SALVADOR
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to information
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsCustoms Valuation (priority 1) Workshop and Technical
Mission
1 WTO official, 1
consultant, 4 days20,200
Phase III:
Participation in the MTS
TOTAL: 20,200WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 141GUATEMALA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:Understanding ofWTO Agreements andaccess to informationTechnical Barriers to Trade, Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures (priority 4)A Workshop on TBT and SPS
in collaboration with IICA
2 WTO officials, 4 days16,900
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsNotifications (Priority 8) Workshop on NotificationsSponsor
no cost to WTO
Integrated Data Base (priority 5) A Technical Mission on IDB
in consultation with SIECA
1 WTO official, 4 days8,450
Customs Valuation (Priority 1) Technical Mission on
Customs Valuation
1 WTO official, 1 consultant,
5 days20,000
Anti-dumping and Safeguards (Priority 6) Sub-Regional Seminar on
Anti-dumping and
Safeguards
TRIPs (priority 10)A Sub-regional
Workshop on TRIPs
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSAssistance on TPR (priority 2) TPR mission
1 WTO official, 3 days, TCD8,200
Trade Negotiating Skills (Priority 3) A Sub-regional Workshop on
Trade Negotiating SkillsWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 142GUATEMALA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Negotiations on Agriculture and Services
(priority 9)A Sub-regional
Workshop on
Negotiations inAgriculture andServices
Dispute Settlement (Priority 7) Sub-regional Workshop on
DSU
TOTAL: 54,050WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 143HONDURAS
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to information Trade Policy Course (priority 3)Sub-regional Short Trade
Policy Course
Specific courses on: Customs Valuation;
Safeguards; Unfair Trade Practices; Dispute
Settlement; GATS; Rules of Origin; TRIPs; TBT(priority 6)Sub-regional Short Trade
Policy Course
Internships on Rules Agreements (Priority 8) Consideration to be given
to this request.
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsCustoms Valuation (priority 1) Workshop and Technical
Mission on CustomsValuation
1 WTO official, 1
consultant, 4 days21,300
GATS (priority 4)A Sub-regional Workshop
on Services.
TRIPs (priority 5)A Sub-regional Workshop
on TRIPs
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSAssistance on TPR (Priority 7) Participation in TPR
Mission
1 WTO official, 4 days9,200
Phase IV:
Other  issuesWTO Reference Centre (priority 2) Technical Mission to
establish WTO ReferenceCentres in Central
American countries (in
collaboration withSIECA)
(covered under Regional)WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 144HONDURAS
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Coordinated assistance with UNCTAD and ITC
on export promotion (Priority 9)Covered through the ITC
Business  Guide
TOTAL: 30,500WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 145JAMAICA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to informationAgreement on Subsidies (Priority 6) A Sub-regional Workshop
on the Agreement onSubsidies for Caribbean
countries
GATS and Jamaican interests (priority 3) A Technical Mission on
GATS
1 WTO official, 4 days8,400
Antidumping and Safeguards (priority 4) A Technical Mission on
Antidumping andSafeguards
2 WTO officials, 4 days16,800
Government procurement (priority 8)A  Technical Mission
on Government
Procurement
1 WTO official, 4 days8,400
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsAssistance in drafting legislation: Trade
Remedies Agreements and SPS Agreement
(Priority 5)Assistance can be
provided from Geneva
through e-mail, fax and
communication with theMission.No cost
Training on implementation of Customs
Valuation Agreement and other agreements(priority 1)A Technical Mission on
implementation ofCustoms ValuationAgreement and other
Agreements
1 WTO official,  1
Consultant, 4 days19,800WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 146JAMAICA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSTrade and tariffs negotiations (Priority 7) Workshop on Trade and
Tariffs Negotiations1 WTO official, 1
consultant, 5 days20,300
Internships for Jamaican officials
(Priority 9)Internships on rules havebeen organized for two
officials in New Zealand.
Unfortunately, the datesproposed were notconvenient for the
Jamaican prospective
interns.
GATS and Tourism (priority 2) To be covered under
Phase I, priority 3
TOTAL: 73,700WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 147NICARAGUA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to information Technical Barriers to Trade, Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures (priority 2)Workshop on SPS
1 WTO official, 4 days9,500
GATS (priority 4)A Sub-regional Workshop
on GATS
Government Procurement (priority 12)Sub-regional Workshop
on Government
Procurement
Agriculture (Priority 5) Regional Workshop on
International Negotiations
 TRIMS (Priority 6)consideration to be given
to this request
Special and differential treatment(Priority 13)consideration to be given
to this request
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsTechnical Barriers to Trade (Priority 7) Sub-Regional Workshop on
Technical Barriers to Trade
Rules of origin (Priority 8)consideration to be given
to this request
Government Procurement (Priority 10)consideration to be given
to this requestWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 148NICARAGUA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSTechnical mission on preparation of review of
TRIPs legislation (priority 1)Technical Mission on
TRIPs legislation review
1 WTO official, 4 days9,500
Dispute Settlement (Priority 3) Sub-regional Workshop on
DSU
Phase IV:
Other  issuesNegotiations on TRIMS (Priority 9)consideration to be given
to this request
Negotiations on government procurement(Priority 11)
TOTAL: 19,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 149PANAMA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to informationCustoms Valuation (priority 1) Workshop and Technical
Mission on CustomsValuation
1 WTO official, 1
consultant, 5 days20,700
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsAgreement on Agriculture: Notifications
(Priority 2)A Sub-regional
Workshop on Agriculture
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSDispute Settlement (Priority 3) Sub-regional Workshop
on DSU
Training on  negotiating techniques
(Priority 4)Sub-regional Workshop
on  negotiating techniques
Phase IV:
Other  issuesEstablishment of WTO Reference Centre
(Priority 5)Technical Mission on
WTO Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days8,100
TOTAL: 28,800WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 150 SURINAME
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to informationWTO and the Multilateral Trading System , to
cover:Agreement on AgricultureRules Agreements
SPS
Customs ValuationBOPTRIPs
(priority 2)Seminar on WTO and the
Multilateral TradingSystem
2 WTO officials 4 days16,700
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsReview of laws and regulations (priority 1) Technical Mission to
carry out the review
1 consultant, 2 weeks16,000
Notifications on SPS (Priority 5) Geneva Workshop on
Notifications
Implications of an increase in the bound rates
on agricultural products (Priority 6)Assistance from
Headquarters in Geneva
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSDispute Settlement Course
(Priority 4)A Sub-regional Workshop
for Caribbean countries
on DSU
Phase IV:
Other  issuesEstablishment of WTO Reference Centre
(Priority 3)A WTO Reference Centre
was established inSeptember 1999
TOTAL: 53,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 151URUGUAY
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to information
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsRules Agreements:  Antidumping; Subsidies
and Countervailing Measures; Safeguards
(priority 1)A Technical Mission on
Rules Agreements:
Antidumping; Subsidiesand CountervailingMeasures; Safeguards
2 WTO officials, 4 days21,.000
Phase III:
Participation in the MTS
TOTAL: 21,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 152 VENEZUELA
Implementation / Division / involvement of other agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreements
(by priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget
estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to information
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsTBT and SPS, including notifications
procedures (priority 1)Workshop on TBT and SPS
2 WTO officials, 4 days20,000
TRIPs (priority 2)A Technical Mission on
TRIPs
1 WTO official, 3 days9,500
Integrated Database (priority 3)A Technical Mission on
IDB
1 WTO official, 3 days9,500
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSTraining in trade negotiations techniques
 Assistance on forthcoming TPR(Priority 5)Participation in Sub-regional
Workshop for Andeancountries
Assistance on forthcoming TPR(Priority 4)Participation of TCD in TPR
Mission
1 WTO official, TCD, 3 days9,500
TOTAL48,500WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 153
SUMMARY OF BUDGET ESTIMATES
FOR REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SEMINARS
2001-2003
2001 2002 2003 TOTAL 2001-2003
National Seminar 334,470 67,200 ---- 401,670
Regional Seminars 552,420 144,200 49,900 746,520
Total for each year 886,890 211,400 49,900 1,148,190WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 154
VI. THREE-YEAR PLAN FOR MIDDLE EAST DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES, 2001-2003
A. OVERVIEW
Eight of the Middle East countries are WTO Members, three are in the process of accession
and another four remain outside the WTO system.  Yemen is an LDC covered by the Secretariat
Working Group on LDCs/IF.
Distribution of Middle East Countries
Country WTO Member Status Replied to
questionnaire on
technical
assistanceTrade Policy
Review
Bahrain 1 January 1995 x 2000
Cyprus 30 July 1995
Iran
Iraq
Israel 21 April 1995 x 1994
Jordan 11 April 2000 x
Kuwait 1 January 1995
Lebanon in accession (since
14 April 1999)x
Oman 9 November 2000 x
Palestinian
Authority
Qatar 13 January 1996 x
Saudi Arabia in accession (since
21 July 1993)x
Syria
UAE 10 April 1996 x
Many Middle East countries are active Members of the GATT/WTO system, and over the
years contributed to the attainment of the objectives of the GATT and have played a crucial role in the
creation of the WTO.  This active association with the GATT/WTO system is based on an identity of
interests.  Many Middle East countries are dynamic trading nations and WTO is the only multilateral
framework that lays down agreed rules for the conduct of world trade. The ultimate objective is for all
Middle East countries to become Members of the WTO.
Since the establishment of the WTO in January 1995, seventeen officials from Middle East
countries have participated in the WTO Three-month Trade Policy Courses. The training courses
address all aspects of the multilateral trading system and through their practical orientation, prepare
officials to implement the obligations resulting from the WTO Agreements in their nationaladministration.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 155
B. STRUCTURE OF THE REGION :  MAIN REGIONAL AND SUB -REGIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
The table below portrays the six regional/sub-regional organizations with which the Middle
East countries are associated.  These are the Arab Free-Trade Area (AFTA), Arab Common Market
(ACM), Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO),  Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), League of
Arab States (LAS), and the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC).
Membership of Middle East Countries in Regional and Sub-regional Organizations
AFTA ACM ECO GCC LAS OIC
Headquarters Cairo Tehran Riyadh Cairo Jeddah
B a h r a i n x xxx
Iran x x
I r a q xx xx
Israel
J o r d a nxx xx
K u w a i t x xxx
Lebanon x x x
O m a n x xxx
Palestinian
Authorityxx x
Q a t a r x xxx
Saudi
Arabiax xxx
Syria x x x x
UAE x x x x
Regional institutions which financially or otherwise support WTO technical assistance
include the Islamic Development Bank, United Nations Economic Commission for Western Asia(UNESCWA), Gulf Cooperation Council and the UNDP.  Memoranda of Understanding were signed
in 2000 with the first two institutions to deepen cooperation in the provision of technical assistance
aimed at facilitating the integration of Middle East countries into the multilateral trading system.
C. SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES IN 1998-2000
The technical assistance activities funded by regional/sub-regional Banks and organizations
were mostly regional seminars, and covered subjects such as fundamental principles of the
multilateral trading system, TBT, SPS, tariff concessions, Information Technology Agreement,
customs valuation, dispute settlement procedures and practices, TRIPs, GATS, Agriculture, Electroniccommerce and trade contingency measures.  Contrary to other regions, a number of developing
countries in this region were able to fund their own technical assistance programmes.
The technical assistance activities by subject covered organized in the Middle East region
during 1998-2000 are portrayed below:WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 156
Middle East : Number of  technical assist ance activities by subject covered (1998-2000)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Short Trade Policy Courses
Seminars and technical missions
Trade Agenda
Conferences and symposia
TA-Trade Policy Review
Notifications
Negotiating techniques
Goods: Market Access
Integrated Data Base
Agriculture
Textiles and Clothing
TBT/SPS
Customs and trade administration
Goods:Rules
Trade in Services
TRIPS
Accession
Regionalism
Trade and Development
Trade and Environment
Trade and Investment
Trade and Competition Policy
Government Procurement
Trade Facilitation
Electronic Commerce
Dispute Settlement
WTO Reference Centres
Regional National
Over the period 1998-2000, fifty-nine technical assistance activities were carried out at the
national level and thirty at the regional level.  The most frequently-requested technical assistanceactivities were seminars and technical missions as individual countries sought a more focused
assistance on specific WTO issues, e.g. accession and implementation questions.  There were equally
several requests for TBT/SPS missions as a number of countries in the region prepared themselves to
conform to inter alia the food safety and other technical standards required by the relevant WTO
Agreement.  The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures, for example, provides that ifgovernments do not use international norms -  su ch as laid down by the Joint FAO/WHO Codex
Alimentarius Commission, the International Office of Epizootics, or the International Plant Protection
Convention -  their standards should be justifiable scientifically, or a scientific justification may beWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 157
provided, demonstrating that the relevant international standard would not result in the level of health
protection the country considered appropriate.  The Agreement thus allows countries to choose their
own food safety regulations, but requires that these standards have a scientific basis and not be used
as disguised protectionism.
Outside of petroleum and petroleum products, Middle East economies are services-based e.g.
Bahrain- for financial services and Dubai (UAE)- for electronic commerce.  Countries therefore
needed deeper understanding of the General Agreement on Trade in Services to ensure conformity of
their operations with the WTO Agreement.  Workshops on trade in services were held in a number of
countries in the region to respond to this need.  WTO also participated in a number of conferences and
symposia held in the region in consistency with its sixth function of cooperating with other
international organizations.
The next most frequently-requested technical assistance activity was WTO Reference
Centres.  In practice, training is provided to designated officials on accessing the wealth of
information on the WTO Internet site and digital carriers developed by the WTO.  This means access
to WTO in real-time to inter alia  the Documents Online which features all WTO documents.  It
breaks the geographical distance problem and facilitates direct interaction between far away capitalsand the WTO.
On the other hand, countries in the region showed least interest in government procurement,
electronic commerce, dispute settlement and notif ications.  Government procurement (GPA) is a
plurilateral agreement and for that reason WTO Members have the option of acceding to it.  This hasinfluenced the number of requests for missions in this area.  Electronic commerce is not yet a WTO
Agreement.  This situation explains the reasons why only a few countries have specifically requested
seminars on the subject regardless of its topical interest.  On the dispute settlement front, Middle East
countries have not been involved in dispute cases.  A number of Middles East countries just joined the
WTO---  six of the eight Middle East WTO Members joined the organization after January 1995.Others are either in the process of accession or outside the WTO system.  Oftentimes, dispute
settlement topics were covered in national seminars or seminars organized at the regional level.
D. SUGGESTED PLAN OF ACTION FOR 2001-2003
The responses to the questionnaire on technical assistance provided basic inputs for planning
technical assistance over the next three years.  The responses to questionnaires were supplemented
with inputs from WTO Divisions, contacts with Geneva Missions and capitals while taking into
account technical assistance provided in 1998-2000.
Refer to tables 1e and 2e for a list of regional and national activities in the region.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 158Table 1e
The Supply Side:
Regional Seminars, Traini ng Courses, Workshops for Middle East Countries
Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
WTO and the
Multilateral TradingSystem
Regional SeminarAmman, Jordan
4 daysCountries in the Middle East and North Africa plus
Turkey.
(2 officials per country)
(paid for by Islamic Development Bank)2 WTO officials,
Rules Div, LegalAffairs, 1 IsDB official25,000
Sanitary and
Phytosanitary
Measures
Regional SeminarTehran, Iran
4 daysCountries in the Middle East, Eastern Europe and
Asia.
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official,
OIE, IPPC, Codex
Consultants80,000
Rules
Regional Seminar on
Implementation for Arab
Gulf StatesDoha, Qatar
3 daysBahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials,
Rules Div.52,000
Dispute Settlement
Regional WorkshopMuscat, Oman
4 daysBahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE
 (2 officials per country)2 WTO officials,
TCD, Legal Affairs80,000
Trade Policy
Three-week Trade Policy
Course organized jointly
with the IsDB[venue to be agreed]
3 weeks[venue to be agreed]
3 weeks[venue to be agreed]
3 weeksSplit into English, French and Arabic-speaking
members of the Islamic Development Bank.
(2 officials per country)WTO, WIPO, IsDB,
Consultantsno cost to WTOWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 159Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Regional Integration
Regional Seminar on
"Systemic issues inRegional integration"GCC Secretariat
Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia
3 daysBahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official,
Dev. Div. 50,000
Customs Valuation
Regional Seminar on
customs mattersDubai, UAE
3 daysBahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official,
1 WCO official94,000
Integrated Database
Regional implementation
missionESCWA
Secretariat,
Beirut Lebanon
3 daysBahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official,
TCD86,000
TBT/SPS, Agriculture,
GATS
Short Trade Policy
Course (with focus on
implementation issues)Amman, Jordan
4 daysBahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials,
Acc Div., TSD120,000
Injury Determination
Regional Seminar for
Middle East countriesBahrain
4 daysBahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials,
Rules Div.113,000
Trade Negotiation
Simulations
Training courseDubai, UAE
5 daysBahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE
(2 officials per country)2 WTO officials 125,000
Notifications
Regional workshopAbu Dhabi, UAE
2 daysBahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE
(2 officials per country)1 WTO official, TCD 90,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 160 Activity
Title2001
Location/
Duration2002
Location/
Duration2003
Location/
DurationParticipating Countries WTO officials/
Division(s)
Concerned
Other
Organizations/
Regional BodiesBudget
Estimate
CHF
2001-2003
Trade and
Environment
Regional Workshop for
Middle East countriesNicosia, Cyprus
4 daysBahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE1 WTO official,
1 UNCTAD official100,000
Dispute Settlement,
SCM, Anti-dumping,
Safeguards, CustomsValuation, Rules ofOrigin (with focus on
implementation issues)
Short Trade Policy
CourseDubai, UAE
4 daysBahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE
(2 officials per country)3 WTO officials,
Rules Div., Legal
Affairs, MA Div.120,000
TOTAL: 1,127,000
Breakdown of Estimated Cost for Each Calendar Year
Year of Implementation 2001 2002 2003 TOTAL
237,000 440,000 458,000 1,135,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 161Table 2e
Country Tables of Technical Assistance Requirements
for Middle East Countries5
BAHRAIN
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to informationSpecific WTO Agreements
(priority 5)Seminar on the WTO and
Multilateral Trading System
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCDWorkshop on specific WTO
Agreements and issues underdiscussions in a New Round
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD4,600
4,600
WTO Reference Centre (priority 10)Establishment of a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD5,500
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsCustoms Valuation (priority 1)Technical Mission on
implementation of Customs
Valuation Agreement
1 WTO official and 1 WCO
consultant, 5 days, TCD12,000
TRIPs (priority 2)Technical Mission on
implementation of the TRIPsAgreement
1 WTO official, 2 days, IPD4,600
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
(priority 3)Regional seminar on Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures
Integrated Database (priority 4)Regional seminar on the
Integrated Database
                                                     
5 Budget estimates for Regional Seminars, Training Courses and Workshops are covered in Table 1e.  The budget estimates in Table 2e refer only to national activities.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 162BAHRAIN
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreements/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
GATS  (priority 7)Technical Mission relating to
implementation of GATS andon foreign direct investment
1 WTO official, 2 days, TSD4,600
Notifications (priority 9) Regional workshop on
notifications
Phase III:
Participation in the  MTSTechniques of negotiations
(priority 8)Regional training course on
trade negotiation simulations
Dispute settlement understanding(priority 11)Regional seminar on Dispute
Settlement
Phase IV:
OthersElectronic commerce (priority 6) Seminar on electronic
commerce
1 WTO official, 1 day, TSD4,400
TOTAL: 40,300WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 163ISRAEL
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to informationSpecific WTO Agreements - GATS (priority 1)Seminar on GATS for
Government officials
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TSD4,500
WTO Reference Centre (priority 8)Establishment of a WTO
Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD4,500
Phase II:
Implementation  of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsSpecific WTO Agreements (priority 2)Technical Mission on
implementation of GATS
1 WTO official, 1 day, TSD4,300
Notifications - Government Procurement
(priority 4)Workshop on Notifications
Requirements with
particular emphasis on
Government Procurement
1 WTO official, 2 days, IPR4,500
Integrated Database (priority 6)Workshop on the Integrated
Database
1 WTO official, 2 days,
Statistics Division4,500
New schedules (priority 9)Technical assistance in
preparing schedules-goodsand services
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD4,500WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 164ISRAEL
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreement/Subjects (by
priority)2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSUnderstanding issues under negotiations—
Services, Agriculture, Gov. procurement(priority 3)Seminar to deepen
understanding of issuesunder negotiations(services, government
procurement, agriculture),
incl. implications for smallcountries, potentialgains/losses for Israel,
assistance in preparing
offers and evaluatingrequests
2 WTO officials, 3 days,
TCD, IPD9,500
Dispute settlement understanding (priority 5)Seminar  on Dispute
Settlement Understanding
1 WTO official, 3 days,
TCD4,700
In-depth Services Seminar aimed at training
officials (from various Government Ministries)with emphasis on issues being negotiated(priority 7)Seminar on GATS
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TSDSeminar on issues under
discussions in a New Round
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD4,500
4,500 Phase IV:
Others
Participation in Regional Seminars on dispute
settlement (priority 10)DSU Workshop DSU WorkshopDSU Workshop 13,500
TOTAL: 63,500WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 165JORDAN
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to informationRules (priority 1)Seminar on WTO Rules (anti-
dumping, safeguards, subsidies
and countervailing measures) to
deepen understanding
1 WTO official, 2 days, Rules
Div.Seminar on WTO
Agreements
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCDRegional seminar on
Trade and Environment4,600
4,600
Regional Seminar on WTO and
Multilateral Trading SystemSeminar on WTO
Agreements forGovernment staff andprivate sector
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCDWorkshop on electronic
commerce
1 WTO official, 1 day,
TSD4,600
4,400
WTO Reference Centre (priority 7)WTO Reference Centre
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD4,600
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsCustoms Valuation (priority 2)Regional seminar on Customs
ValuationRegional seminar on Rules
(anti-dumping, safeguards,
subsidies and countervailing
measures)Regional seminar on
Regional Trade
Agreements and their
specific notificationrequirements
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and
Technical Barriers to Trade (priority 3)Regional seminar on
implementation of Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures andTechnical Barriers to TradeAgreementsRegional seminar on
implementation of
Sanitary andPhytosanitary Measuresand Technical Barriers to
Trade AgreementsWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 166 JORDAN
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Negotiations  (priority 4)Regional training course on
trade negotiation simulations
Strengthening institutional capacity(priority 5)Technical assistance towards
the setting-up of administrativeinfrastructure to cope with
WTO Agreements
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD4,600
Dispute settlement understanding
(priority 6)Regional seminar on Dispute
SettlementPhase III:
Participation in the MTS
TRIPs (priority 8)Training Course on TRIPs
for Judges
1 WTO official, 2 days IPR4,600
TOTAL: 32,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 167LEBANON
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to informationRules, Agriculture (priority 2)Regional seminars on Agriculture
and Rules (anti-dumping,
safeguards, subsidies andcountervailing measures)
WTO Reference Centres (priority 8)WTO Reference Centre
mission
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD4,600
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsCustoms Valuation (priority 1)Regional seminar on Customs
Valuation
Agriculture, Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures and Technical Barriers to Trade(priority 3)Technical Mission on
Implementation of Agriculture,Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures and Technical Barriers
to Trade Agreements
1 WTO official, 3 days, Acc. Div.4,800
GATS (priority 4)Implementation Seminar on
GATS
1 WTO official, 2 days, TSD4,600
Integrated database (priority 5)Regional seminar on
implementation of the Integrated
Database
Rules (priority 7)Assistance to review laws and
regulations
1 WTO official, 3 days, Rules
Div.4,800
Notifications (priority 11) Regional seminar on
NotificationsWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 168 LEBANON
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSTechniques of negotiations (priority 6)Regional training course on
trade negotiation simulations
Dispute settlement understanding(priority 10)Regional seminar on
Dispute Settlement
Phase IV:
OthersOthers (priority 9)Attendance at meetings of
accession Working Parties ofother acceding countriesVisit of Lebanese
Parliamentarians and media to the
WTO SecretariatEstablishment of Inquiry
points
1 WTO official, 2 days, TED(no cost to WTO)
4,600
TOTAL: 23,400WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 169OMAN
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to informationWTO Reference Centre (priority 5)Establishment of WTO Reference
Centres in the Ministry of
Commerce, as well as the Chamber
of Commerce and Industry
2 WTO officials, 3 days, TCD9,500
Rules and Customs Valuation (priority 9) Regional seminar on Rules
(subsidies & Countervailingmeasures, anti.-dumping,
safeguards)Regional seminar on
Implementation ofCustoms Valuation
Agreement
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral Trade
AgreementsIntegrated Database (priority 6)Regional seminar on the Integrated
Database
TRIPs, Government Procurement(priority 7)Technical Mission on TRIPs and
Government Procurement
Agreement
1 WTO official, 2 days, IPRTechnical Mission on
TRIPS
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCDTechnical Mission on the
Government Procurement
Agreement
1 WTO official, 2 days,
IPR13,500
Notifications (priority 8) Regional workshop on
Notifications
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSTechniques of negotiations (priority 3)Regional training course on trade
negotiations simulations
Dispute settlement understanding
(priority 4)Regional Workshop on Dispute
SettlementWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 170 OMAN
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and
Technical Barriers to Trade (priority 1)Technical Mission on establishment
of Technical Barriers to Trade andSanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures Inquiry points
1 WTO official, 2 days, TED4,500
High-Level Seminar on WTO (priority 2)Seminar on WTO Agreements and
issues under Discussions for theNew Round for High-Levelofficials of the Omani Government
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCDRegional seminar on
Technical Barriers to Trade,Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasuresSeminar on issues under
discussions in a NewRound
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD4,500
4,500
4,300Phase IV:
Others
Deepening understanding of electronic
commerce (priority 10)Seminar to deepen
understanding of electronic
commerce
1 WTO official, 1 day, TSD
TOTAL: 40,800WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 171QATAR
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to informationSpecific WTO Agreement (e.g. Anti-
dumping, Customs valuation) (priority 1)Seminar to deepen
understanding of WTO
Agreements
1 WTO official, 3 days TCD,
Rules Div.4,700
WTO Reference Centre (priority 4)Establishment of a WTO
Reference Centre at theMinistry of Finance
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD4,500
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsSpecific WTO Agreements (e.g. Customs
valuation, Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade, Rules
of Origin, subsidies and countervailingmeasures, anti-dumping (priority 3)Regional seminar on
Implementation of Customs
Valuation AgreementRegional seminar on SPS
and TBTRegional seminar on
Rules (SCM, AD,
Safeguards)
Integrated database (priority 5)Integrated Database
Implementation Mission
1 WTO official, 2 days,
Statistics Division4,500
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSTechniques of negotiations (priority 2)Regional training course on
trade negotiations simulations
Dispute settlement understanding (priority 7)Regional seminar on
Dispute SettlementWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 172 QATAR
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies Subject/Area Specific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Training of trainers, improving the
participation of Qatari delegates in theMultilateral Trading System, benefiting from
special and differential provisions)
(priority 6)Training Course for experts
who can train more officialson the WTO
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD4,500
WTO Agreements (priority 8) Workshop on specific
WTO Agreements
1 WTO official, 2 days
TCD4,500
Seminar on issues under
discussions in a NewRound
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD4,500Phase IV:
Others
New Issues (priority 9)
TOTAL: 27,200WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 173SAUDI ARABIA
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements andaccess to informationSeminars and Workshops on Anti-dumping
and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Agreements (priority 1)Regional seminar on WTO Rules
Regional seminar on SPS
WTO Reference Centre (priority 7) Establishment of a WTO
Reference Centre at theMinistry of Commerce
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD4,500
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsNotifications (priority 2)Regional workshop on
Notification Requirements
Practical assistance in implementing
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and
Rules of Origin Agreements (priority 3)Regional seminar on
implementation of Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures
Assistance in submitting data to theIntegrated database (priority 4)Regional seminar on the
Integrated Database
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSAdvice on ongoing negotiations on
Agriculture and Services (priority 5)Seminar on ongoing
negotiations in Agriculture
and Services
2 WTO officials, 2 days,
Acc. Div. TSDSeminar on new issues
under negotiations
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD9,000
4,500
Dispute settlement understanding
(priority 6)Regional seminar onDispute settlement
TOTAL: 18,000WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 174UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Phase I:
Understanding of
WTO Agreements and
access to informationWTO Agreements on Anti-dumping
and Customs valuation (priority 1)Regional seminar on Rules
WTO Reference Centre (priority 6)Establishment of a WTO
Reference Centre at the Ministryof Commerce
1 WTO official, 2 days, TCD4,500
Phase II:
Implementation of
Multilateral TradeAgreementsSpecific WTO Agreements (e.g.
Customs valuation, TRIPs) (priority 2)Regional seminar on
Implementation of Customs
Valuation Agreement
TRIPs (priority 3)Technical Mission on
implementation of TRIPsAgreement
1 WTO official, 2 days, IPR4,500
Notifications (priority 7) Regional workshop on
Notifications Requirements
Integrated database (priority 9) Regional seminar on the
Integrated Database
Phase III:
Participation in the MTSTechniques of negotiations (priority 4)Regional training course on trade
negotiations simulations
Dispute settlement understanding(priority 8)Regional seminar on Dispute
SettlementWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 175UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Implementation Modalities / Division / Other Agencies
Subject/AreaSpecific WTO Agreement/Subjects
(by priority) 2001 2002 2003 Budget estimate
2001-2003
Electronic commerce (priority 5)OECD Forum on electronic
commerce for emerging markets
1 WTO official, 2 days, TSDSeminar on Electronic
Commerce
1 WTO official, 1 day, TSD8,800
Seminar on new issues
under negotiations
1 WTO official, 2 days,
TCD4,500Phase IV:
Others
New Issues (Priority 10)
TOTAL: 22,300WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 176
Summary of Budget Estimates
for Regional and Na tional Seminars
2001-2003
2001 2002 2003Total
2001-2003
National Seminars 117,300 105,200 45,000 267,500
Regional Seminars 237,000 440,000 458,000 1,135,000
Total for each year 354,300 545,200 503,000 1,402,500WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 177
SECTION THREE: LEAST-DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
A. OVERVIEW
The priorities for technical assistance regarding Least-developed countries were based on an
earlier needs assessment, individual requests from LDCs as well as priorities identified in seminarsand courses organized for LDCs. Table VI contains a programme of trade-related technical assistance
for Least-developed countries for 2001. It consists of  an introduction to priorities for LDCs' multi-
year programme, activities related to the commitments of WTO in respect of the Integrated
Framework, and the programme for trade-related technical assistance for LDCs and activities planned
in the context of the JITAP.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 178
TABLE VI
INTRODUCTION TO PRIORITIES FOR LDCs' MULTI-YEAR  PROGRAMME
PRIORITY 1: General Information on the Multilateral Trading System
• Organization of general seminars for the public, private sectors, and academia;
• WTO outreach, participation in conferences, symposia and other events organized by ministries,
public agencies, local associations, Chambers of commerce and Academia;
• Media awareness and interaction with the Press;
• Information technology tools, establishing WTO Reference Centres, and improving the use of
existing WTO Reference Centres;
• WTO Non-residents (Genev a week and follow-up);
• Briefing for newly arrived LDCs Delegates;
• Accession support.
• Trade Policy Review Mechanism
PRIORITY  2:   Capacity-building on the Multilateral Trading System
• Building knowledge and improving understanding of WTO Agreements, with focus on
implementation;
• Training of Trainers and collaborated program and activities with Sub-regional Institutions (ECA,
ESCAP, SADC, COMESA, Forum Secretariat) or  at national level. Such courses can be
organized also in Geneva, along the lines of  the JITAP Training of Trainers Programme;
• LDCs-Plus trade-related capacity-building programs in collaboration with other development
partners; (for example: JITAP- ITC,UNCTAD,WTO; I.F.- ITC, IMF, UNCTAD, UNDP, WorldBank, WTO);
• Collaboration with Academia, providing training inputs for university curricula and developing
/updating WTO training materials.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 179
PRIORITY  3:   Implementation of WTO Multilateral Trade Agreements
• Assistance in adapting domestic trade laws and regulations to WTO Agreements
• Effective implementation and exercise of Rights and Obligations on WTO Agreements, Sanitary
and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), Textiles, Technical Barriers on Trade (TBT), TRIMs,Customs Valuation, Preshipment Inspection (PSI), Rules of Origin, Import Licensing, Services,
TRIPS, Accession, Dispute Settlement, Notifications;
• Outsourcing and collaborative activities in the areas of Intellectual Property Rights, Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures, Standards, Customs valuation, etc;
PRIORITY  4:  Improving LDCs' participation in the Multilateral Trading System
• Training on negotiation techniques, practical exercises in trade negotiation simulations;
• Training on access to documentation: Document Dissemination Facility - DDF; trade and tariff
information: Integrated Data Base - IDB, Loose-Leaf Schedules - LLS, and Trade data base;WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 180
Integrated Framework (IF)
WTO Activities in the Integrated Responses
The activities listed below are the commitments6 of the WTO in the Integrated Responses
(WT/COMTD/IF/1 - 40) that have not yet been delivered. 7
Country Activities not delivered
Angola National Seminar
Assistance in Implementation of WTO Agreements
Bangladesh Assistance in Implementation of WTO Agreements
Bhutan National Seminar
Burundi Assistance in Implementation of WTO Agreements
Cape Verde National Seminar
Comoros National Seminar
Gambia Assistance in Implementation of WTO Agreements
Guinea Assistance in Implementation of WTO Agreements
Guinea Bissau National Seminar
Evaluation mission to examine specific needs
Haiti National Seminar: Textiles & Services
Lesotho Assistance in Implementation of WTO Agreements
Nepal Assistance on Accession
Samoa National Seminar
Solomon Islands Assistance in Implementation of WTO Agreements
Togo National Seminar
Technical mission for assistance in Implementation of WTO Agreements
Zambia Assistance in Implementation of WTO Agreements
                                                     
6  In this context, commitments refer to the acceptance by the Secretariat, in the joint inter-agency IF
process, to deliver trade-related technical assistance within its competence, to LDCs.
7 Activities may not have been delivered due to changes in the priorities of the LDC concerned or
because the implementation modalities for carrying out the activity have yet to be finalized with theGovernment authorities.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 181
Specific Trade-Related Technical Assistance Plan
48 LDCs 29 LDCs Priority Topics
WTO Members
Afghanistan *
Angola Angola 2 Capacity building on the MTS
Bangladesh * Bangladesh First quarter 2001 Prog. - Trade Remedies Seminar
Bénin Bénin
Bhutan * 1 WTO and the Multilateral Trading System
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso 1 Reference Centre to be established
Burundi Burundi 1 First quarter 2001 Prog.
Cambodia * 1 Trade negotiations simulations
Cape Verde 1 First quarter 2001 - Outstanding request
C.Afr.Rep. C.Afr.Rep. CEMAC Seminar - Outstanding request
Chad Chad Outstanding request
Comoros 1 Establishment of a WTO Reference Centre
Congo DR Congo DR Outstanding request - First quarter 2001 Prog.
Djibouti Djibouti 3 Technical mission and working session with IGAD
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia 1 Follow-up of visit by DG (National Seminar)
Gambia Gambia Technical support for Domestic Legislation
Guinea Guinea 1 General information on the MTS
 Pending request on IF/RT
Guinea Bissau Guinea Bissau
Haiti + Haiti I.F. Follow-up
Kiribati * 2001 program for Pacific Islands
Laos P.D.R * 1 Update 7-11 January 2001 (see letter)
Lesotho Lesotho  Pending request on IF/RT
Liberia
Madagascar Madagascar 2 Ongoing commitment on Customs valuation
4 Overview MTS & Pending request on IF/RT & Wait for
TPR
Malawi Malawi
Maldives * Maldives First quarter 2001 Prog.
Mali Mali 2 TRIPs Capacity building
Pending request on IF/RT-First quarter 2001
Mauritania Mauritania 3 First quarter 2001 Prog.
Pending request on IF/RT
Mozambique Mozambique 4 2001 program - Wait for TPR
Myanmar * Myanmar First quarter 2001 Prog.
Nepal * 1 Accession supportWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 182
Specific Trade-Related Technical Assistance Plan
48 LDCs 29 LDCs Priority Topics
WTO Members
Niger Niger 1 Reference Centre to be established
Rwanda Rwanda 1 First quarter 2001 Prog.
Samoa * 1 2001 program for Pacific Islands
Sao Tome &
Principe
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone
Solomon Islands * Solomon Islands 2001 program for Pacific Islands
Somalia
Sudan 1 Accession prog.2001
Tanzania U.R. Tanzania U.R.
Togo Togo
Tuvalu * 1 2001 program for Pacific Islands
Uganda Uganda
Vanuatu * 1 2001 program for Pacific Islands
Yemen & 1 Prog.2001 - Reference Centre establishment
Zambia Zambia Request for IF/RT and follow-up
Africa= 33 Africa= 24
Asia= 13 * Asia= 4 *
Caribbean= 1+ Caribbean= 1+
Middle East= 1&
Italics=Accession
s
Total=48 Total=29
60%WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 183
Regional Seminar Series: Integrating LDCs into the Global economy
and Multilateral Trading System
Topics Cooperation with Dates
LDCs and the Mandated Negotiations on Trade in
ServicesServices Div.
LDCs and the Mandated Negotiations on Trade in
AgricultureAgriculture Div.
Status of LDCs'  Implementation, obligations, and
commitmentsMinisterial Sessions
Division
LDCs and Customs Valuation, guidelines for Customs
LegislationMarket Access Div. &
World Customs Org.
LDCs and Tariffs, Loose-Leaf Schedule, Integrated Data
Base (IDB), Updating HS for 2002 VersionMarket Access Div. &
World Customs Org.
LDCs and Non-Preferential Rules of Origin Market Access Div. &
World Customs Org.
LDCs and Information Technology: WTO Reference
Centres and E-commerceServices Div.
Mainstreaming Trade into Country Development
Strategies: Perspectives of LDCs.Joint core Agencies: ITC
IMF, UNCTAD, UNDP ,
World Bank, WTO
LDCs and Trade Negotiation Simulations Inst. Managt. Dev. (IMD )
LDCs and Standards (TBT/SPS/…) Agriculture Div.
LDCs and Trade Remedies Rules Div.
LDCs and TRIPs TRIPs Div.
LDCs and promotion of sustainable development,Committee on Trade and Environment (CTE)Environment Div.
LDCs & Trade Policy Reviews TPRD
Economics of WTO Rules
Annual LDCs Short Trade Policy Courses
 Annual Short Trade Policy Courses All WTO Divisions Geneva
Follow-up Oct. 1997 HLMWT/COMTD/W/84
Page 184
Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme (JITAP) *
Clusters Topics Countries
2 Assistance to WTO Focal points Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Tanzania
3 Customs Assistance Benin and Burkina (assistance mission)
Tanzania (Seminar in August)
Uganda (follow-up mission)
Tunisia, Kenya, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire (follow-up
missions)
4 Implementation of  WTO laws and regulations Benin, Burkina Faso, Tanzania (implementation
mission)
Regional Seminar in Kampala
Ghana, Kenya, Côte d'Ivoire
5 Reference Centres ITC/UNCTAD/WTO joint mission in West Africa
and East Africa
Tunisia: Reference Centre mission
7 Communication and Dissemination Facility
(CDF)On-going ITC/UNCTAD/WTO project
Web site support activities
8 Human resource development and improvement
of the knowledge of MTSTunisia (TRIPs Seminar)
*Eight countries are participating in the JITAP - Four LDCs: Benin, Burkina Faso, Tanzania and Uganda; and,
four other developing African countries:  Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, and Tunisia
Request for expansion of JITAP:
The Secretariat Working Group has received request from 19 countries to be included in the JITAP. These are:
Botswana, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo DR,
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Guinea, Haiti, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Senegal,
Togo, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 185
ANNEX I
Technical Assistance on Customs Valuation
I. Background
1. The Committee on Customs Valuation has been extensively involved in the matter of carrying
on technical assistance - as reflected in documents G/VAL/W/18, G/VAL/11, G/VAL/W/24/Rev.1,
G/VAL/W/25, G/VAL/W/30, G/VAL/W/36, G/VA L/W/37 and Add.1, G/VAL/W/48 and
G/VAL/W/49. More recently the Chairman of the Customs Valuation Committee noted that "… that
there was a general interest in reinvigorating the Committee's work on technical assistance…"and "…
that therefore the Committee agreed to develop with the support of the Secretariat a work programme
to reinvigorate and improve the provision of technical assistance by developed countries todeveloping countries in accordance with Article 20.3 of the Agreement on Customs Valuation with a
view to facilitating the effective implementation and administration of the Agreement on the
understanding that developing countries may autonomously participate in such technical assistance to
other requesting developing countries"
8
2 Since discussions are still on-going in the Committee, the activities described below aresubject to the level of financial support forthcoming from donor countries.
II. Provision of technical assistance
3 The Technical Cooperation Division has some 30 requests for technical assistance on customs
valuation from developing countries responding to the questionnaire on needs assessment sent by the
Technical Cooperation Division in July 2001.  Many developing countries are at different stages in
the implementation of the Customs Valuation Agreement.  Therefore provision of technical assistance
will have to be geared to those differences.
4. Technical assistance on customs valuation should ideally cover both public and private
sectors, infrastructure, the human resources component and the administrative organization of
customs administrations.  Customs officials need to acquire theoretical and practical knowledge of the
new Agreement through case studies and best practices to prepare them to solve individual situationsas they arise.  Revisions of customs procedures in conformity with the Agreement may require a new
infrastructure, and expertise in new domains such as port-entry verification. Experts in customs can
draw significant benefits from understanding how the Agreement functions in other countries.
5. Successful and effective application of the Agreement goes hand in hand with efficient
customs procedures, which are increasingly based on the use of computerised systems. The
preparation of import declarations using computer modules as well as other electronic infrastructure incustoms offices will possibly require technical assistance.  In addition, for post-entry verification, it is
necessary to have specialized modules in auditing with risk indicators.
6. Given the numerous efforts taking place by individual donors and by different international
and regional organizations and banks, it is necessary to coordinate the technical assistance programmeamong donors, recipient countries, and the institutions providing the expertise. The Customs
Valuation Committee continues to work on the willingness to make this happen.
7. Countries that have requested an extension of the implementation period, under paragraph 1
of Annex III, have established a work plan that is being followed by the Committee.  In these
countries there normally exists a working implementation team. This team can specify their needs in
                                                     
8 G/VAL/M/17WT/COMTD/W/84
Page 186
the different areas and coordination with other international or regional organizations can be more
easily carried out.
8. For those countries that do not have a work plan, the needs assessment for technical
assistance established by the Customs Valuation Committee (document G/VAL/W/30) and by the
WCO may be a start.  When problems to be solved are not of the competence of WTO, countriesshould be directed to the WCO or to other experts in the field (i.e. informatics experts) or to other
countries, and in particular to developing countries that have already been applying the Customs
Valuation Agreement. These countries have legislation in place, have frequently automated their
customs administration, and have established an organisational structure for the customs
administration. Therefore they can provide counsel and technical assistance. In other cases, countries
should refer to potential donors, other international or regional organizations, etc. In all cases it is
useful to include and involve the private sector in the planning of the activities.
9. Another activity to consider is the development of training and educational material, such as
courses and self-training modules, including case studies, best practices, etc. Here the WTO and
WCO have material already translated into several languages
9 and make the information readily
available.
__________
                                                     
9 i.e. training materials produced by APEC.