WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATIONWT/COMTD/IF/26
29 April 1998
(98-1736)
Committee on Trade and Development
Integrated Framework for Trade-Related
Technical AssistanceOriginal:  French
TRADE-RELATED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE NEEDS
ASSESSMENT PRESENTED BY COMOROS
Integrated Responses by IMF, ITC, UNCTAD, UNDP, WORLD BANK and WTO1
COMOROS
                                                     
1Published pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 5(e) of the Integrated Framework for Trade-Related
Technical Assistance (WT/LDC/HL/1/Rev.1).WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 2
Situation of Comoros
Comoros, an island country with about 600,000 inhabitants and a per capita income estimated
at US$530, is confronted with numerous structural problems which are impeding its economic
development.
These problems include:- Its geographical isolation and limited natural resources;
- its dependence on a small number of exports (vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, etc.).
Faced with the fresh challenges created by a new economic environment, the Government has
undertaken, in addition to a structural adjustment programme, a strategy aimed at refocusing public
expenditure on priority areas with a view to improving the development of human resources,
strengthening the infrastructure to support the activities of the private sector, reduce poverty and
protect the environment.
Comoros has made the opening up of the market and the liberalization of trade a major
component of its economic programme.
The country has considerable unexploited economic potential capable of supporting
sustainable growth.
While agriculture will remain an important growth sector with possibilities for diversification
into new export crops, tourism and fisheries probably represent other valuable sources of national
development.
A. T
RADE POLICY
(a) What are the sectors that you believe have unexploited or underexploited export
potential?
Mainly fisheries and tourism.  Some fruit and vegetables (tomatoes, lychees, carrots, potatoes,
etc.), together with a few semi-finished agricultural products (mango pulp, etc.).
(b) Could you please define your country's pers pective of the reasons for any changes in the
structure and direction of exports and imports?
Marked decline in cash crops (vanilla, cloves, ylang-ylang, etc.) due to increased competition
from other countries which can produce more cheaply (Indonesia, Madagascar, etc.).
The few other exports of fruit and vegetables to Mayotte have been halted or reduced as a
result of political problems (regulated means of transport), local production of a few manufactured
products is not competitive (excessive sea and air freight costs, etc.).  The devaluation of the
Comorian franc which was to have increased growth has had just the opposite effect since Comoros isessentially an importing country (imports represent 90 per cent of trade). The lack of accompanying
measures to revitalize the economy has led to inflation getting out of control.  (The export statistics
for the last five years, in terms of value and quantity, are reproduced in the Annex.)WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 3
(c) What have been the objectives of trade po licy in the most recent period, compared to,
say, two decades ago?
In order to balance the budget, customs tariffs have frequently been revised (upwards) to
increase revenue, except that in August 1996, at the proposal of the private sector, substantialreductions were accepted by the State, with satisfactory results.
(d) What are the Ministries in charge of trade policy matters, including formulation,
implementation, enforcement and monitoring?  How is coordination made?  What are the
respective roles of the relevant Ministries (give particular attention to tariff policies and other
policies directly affecting exports and imports of goods and services)?
A Monitoring Commission for the application of the new tariff reforms, composed of equal
numbers of representatives of the private and public sectors (Ministry of Economy and Finance, Prime
Minister's Office and private sector) is responsible for the coordination of trade policy matters.
However, this Commission should be strengthened by representatives of the customs and taxation
services.
In actual fact, the Commission has only been functioning for a short time;  the tariff changes
recently introduced by the last Finance Act of May 1997 were not submitted to the Commission for
consideration.
(e) How are the private sector and academic in stitutions associated with the formulation
and conduct of trade policy?
The private sector, represented by three trade organizations (Chamber of Commerce,
Employers Association of the Comoros and Traders Association), participates in the discussions
concerning trade policy.
(f) What are the institutions in your country th at can play a role in implementation of a
trade-related project at the local level?  State their respective roles?
Primarily, the Chamber of Commerce which is represented on each island by a regional
chamber.  The latest tariff reforms were proposed by the private sector under the auspices of the
Employers Association of  the Comoros (OPACO).
(g) What are the main laws and regulations de aling with trade policy – on exports and
imports?  Please provide a short description of each.
Customs regulations.
Export duties vary between 0 and 12 per cent (cloves 0 per cent and ylang-ylang 12 per cent;
vanilla is taxed at 10 per cent).
Import duties are consolidated in a single levy (Single Import Tax or TUI) at three rates
(20, 30 and 40 per cent) covering products ranging from staples to luxury goods by way of social
products such as building materials (these duties are ad valorem ) or in Specific Single Taxes or TUS
by unit, weight or volume (vehicles by CV, cement by the tonne, mineral water and aerated beverages
by the litre, etc.).  To these taxes should be added a Special Revenue Tax or TSVF on alcohol and
tobacco levied at the rate of 150 per cent (180 per cent for whisky).
Certain other internal taxes are collected directly by customs on behalf of the tax authority,
for example 7 per cent general sales tax or TGV and 3 per cent ASDI (deposits on various taxes),WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 4
together with an occupational tax of 1 per cent of th e c.i.f. value which replaces the previous flat rate
tax.
(h) What are the main instruments of trade policy – on exports and imports?  Please
elaborate (e.g. on import restrictions, the questions might be:  on what products are there any
import bans;  on what products are there quantitative import restrictions, licensingrequirements, etc.;  what is the highest tariff ra te currently in use;  are there any excise taxes,
other "domestic" taxes that are applied differenti ally to imported goods, or to goods of a type
that are principally imported?)
In general, there are import and export bans on any product that could jeopardize the security
of the country, degrade the environment or pose a threat to public morals and local customs.  The
importation and marketing of petroleum products and staple rice are in the hands of State companies.There are no other import or export restrictions.
(i) In case you are a WTO Member or are in the process of acceding, how is your country
preparing itself to comply  with the WTO Agreements?
Non-Member.
(j) What is the state of familiarity with the WTO framework:
- Among government and government-related agencies?- in the private sector?
The WTO framework is not familiar.  Awareness seminars organized in the region by ILO,
EU and ISDB at Jeddah have introduced private sector managers and public sector officials to theOrganization.  However, in view of the low level of industrialization, the absence of manufactured
products and the lack of competitiveness the matter has not been explored more deeply.  See
question C(b).
(k) What are your technical assistance require ments with regard to your compliance with
the WTO Agreements?
See C(b).
(l) In which specific areas of the WTO Agreements do you have technical assistance needs
(e.g. market access, agriculture, rules (anti-dumpin g, subsidies, import licensing, rules of origin,
safeguards etc.), TBT and SPS, Services, TRIPS)?
See C(b).
(m) What is your assessment of your existing trade analysis and negotiating capacities, both
multilateral and bilateral, in areas already co vered by the WTO Agreements and other trade-
related areas, e.g. competition policy and trade and environment?
Total lack of trade analysis and negotiating capacities. See C(b).
B. OBSTACLES TO TRADE EXPANSION
Obstacles to trade encompassing problems in export markets, infrastructure, human
capacities, institutional bottlenecks, trade financing problems and gaps in trade information can
inhibit the least-developed country from taking full advantage of trading opportunities.WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 5
Supply constraints, including institutional bottlenecks
(a) What are the main bottlenecks inhibiting the development of sustained export  capacity
of goods and services (e.g. customs facilitation, freight charges, quality management,
elimination of cumbersome legal and administrative procedures, paucity of human skills, accessat international prices to imported inputs, or inadequate telecommunication, port and transport
facilities etc.)?
- Land-locked countries may face addition al problems, such as having to ship
using costly or unreliable transport and ports systems.  In case this applies to
your country, please indicate such problems.  What kind of technical assistance
would help you work out these problems?
The constraints include the export duties on vanilla, excessive sea and air freight rates, the
malfunctioning of the port services, and the limited number of maritime transport destinations.
(b) Are there any institutional  bottlenecks, which may impede the efficient conduct of your
country's trade policies?  Provide details.  For example, what are the problems perceived by the
different actors, e.g. exporters, producers, service providers (banks, insurance companies,
quality control, transporters etc.), professional associations and Ministries?  Are problems
mainly perceived in the area of:
(i) Human resources;
(ii) management of the institution;(iii) financial and material resources;(iv) communication.
- Lack of public and private sector training courses, including in international trade;
- export licences requiring the intervention and endorsements of several offices;
- lack of insurance companies to cover exports;
- lack of competition in the banking sector;  the only commercial bank applies
exorbitant rates;
- lack of standards bureaus for assuring export quality;
- lack of competition in the maritime transport sector;  inter-island handling and
transshipping charges are as high as the international freight rate.
There are no institutional bottlenecks properly so-called.  In practice, however, there are
bottlenecks in areas such as:
(i) Human resources:  poorly trained managers;
(ii) management of the institution:  lack of elementary means;
(iii) financial and material resources:  benefits not paid or misappropriated, budget
poorly applied, etc.;WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 6
(iv) communication:  lack of coordination between the various services concerned, etc.
(c) What are the main bottlenecks to export diversification?
Lack of a general investment policy and non-existence of financial incentives to promote
export diversification.
(d) If investment in the production of goods a nd services is inadequate, what are the main
reasons?  Please elaborate them (e.g. structural co nstraints, difficulties in attracting foreign
investment, limited enterprise development, fi nancing, lack of appropriate technology, etc.).
Investors, both foreign and domestic, are hesitant because of political instability and structural
constraints (lack of infrastructure, remoteness of the main international markets, poor location of the
country's only deep-water port in relation to ec onomic activity, very high energy costs, etc.).
With regard to export-related investment, see also B(a).
(e) Is there a national policy to encourage export-related investment opportunities?  Please
elaborate.  What arrangements are in place fo r reviewing, drafting and negotiating contractual
arrangements with foreign investors?
There is an investment code but it still lacks an implementing decree.  Among other things, it
guarantees the freedom to invest and repatriate dividends and capital, compensation in the event of
expropriation, exemption from duties and taxes on in vestments, and exemption from most corporation
taxes for five years.
For some very large investments, even more favourable concessions are granted directly to
the company following the signature of special agreements with the State.
(f) What are the main obstacles to the transfer, development and acquisition of technology?
Is there any national policy/strategy in this area?  Please elaborate.
There are no institutional obstacles to the transfer, development and acquisition of
technology.  There is no national policy and no strategy in this area.
(g) What are your technical assistance or oth er assistance needs with respect to supply
constraints?
Need for technical assistance with standards and quality, with the establishment of
professional training centres, with port and airport logistics, and with the installation of a single
window to  facilitate export and import formalities.
Trade promotion and trade support services
Trade promotion comprises an integrated set of technical and financial services to enhance the
global competitiveness of enterprises and thus facilitate their entry and increasing participation in
international trade.
(h) Do your enterprises, especially small and medium enterprises, experience difficulties in
expanding their exports?  What are these problems in the major export sectors?
Yes.  Ignorance of international market mechanisms and demand, very high cost of export-
related factors (export financing costs, excessive energy and transport costs, etc.).WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 7
(i) What are the problems for your enterprises in obtaining reliable and up-to-date
information on export/import business opportunities?
The available information is insufficient and out-of-date, and therefore unreliable.  Neither
the Chambers of Commerce nor the Ministry of Trade are able to provide data.  A Trade InformationCentre is indispensable.
(j) Can your enterprises offer products of in ternationally acceptable design, quality and
packaging to foreign buyers?  If not, what are your problems?
Yes, for traditional exports such as vanilla, ylang-ylang and cloves;  for everything relating to
exports of agricultural and manufactured products (made-up articles, etc.) a standards and qualitybureau is necessary.
(k) What problems, other than in terms of trade policy, do your anticipate in developing the
export of services (e.g. computer software, tourism)?
A tourism master plan financed by the World Bank and the European Union has been drawn
up, but this sector is not being properly promoted.  Technical assistance with the promotion of tourism
would be desirable.
(l) What are the technical/professional problems encountered by trade support institutions
(e.g. Trade Promotion Council, Chamber of Commerce, exporters association, etc.) in your
country in providing their services to export/import enterprises?
Shortage of highly qualified personnel in the institutions responsible for promoting trade, lack
of coordination between the actors and the institutions.
(m) What problems and deficiencies are experi enced by enterprises in  their international
purchasing and inventory management?
Ignorance of international markets, forwarding costs very high at every stage (transport,
finance, etc.) due to isolation, internal taxes collected by customs.  See A(h).
(n) What are the present availability and arrangements for trade finance facilities (e.g.
export credit guarantees, etc.)?  Are there any perceived deficiencies in this area?
Lack of insurance companies and non-existence of export credit guarantees.
(o) What are the main problems in the way of  improving export/import management skills
of your business enterprises?  Do you have trai ning programmes in the country?  What are the
deficiencies?
Lack of qualified personnel and non-existence of management training programmes.
(p) Does your trade representation service actively promote your trade?  What are the
weaknesses?
This is the responsibility of our Chambers of Commerce but they lack equipment and human
resources.  Our embassies abroad do not have a trade representation service (commercial attaché).WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 8
(q) Briefly describe your technical assistance needs in the area of trade promotion and
support services?
Our assistance needs relate to the identification of potential in the areas of agriculture,
fisheries and tourism and the promotion of these sectors.
In this connection, we would like to establish a Comorian Foreign Trade Centre for training,
information and promotion in the field of trade and a Comorian Foreign Trade Bank for financing
imports and exports.
Market Access
(r) What are your main market access problems?
Unfamiliarity with international markets, transport problems, and credit problems which
result in little use being made even of the adva ntages offered under the Lomé Convention, the GSP
and the GSTP.
(s) What specific problems or barriers, and in which countries, are most troublesome for
your exporters?
Difficulties in obtaining visas for European countries (France, which is our principal staging
point for these various markets), foreign exchange difficulties in countries which are not members of
the Free Zone, transshipment problems, etc.
(t) Regional and subregional trading arrangemen t s  ( R T A s ) :   p l e a s e  l i s t  R T A s  t o  w h i c h
your country belongs.  Are you satisfied with th e performance with these RTAs?  Please state
the problems of each.  Do you have suggestions on how to solve these?
Comoros is a member of the following regional organizations:
- Indian Ocean Commission (IOC);- Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA).
Thus, it participates in the principal regional integration initiatives (the IOC's Regional
Integrative Programme for Development and Exchanges (PRIDE) and the Cross Border Initiative
(CBI)).
Tariff reductions are the most important measure to be applied within these initiatives but
since our budgets depend heavily on customs revenue, most States are very reluctant to apply these
measures until means of compensating for any loss of revenue are found.  Thus, the compensation
envisaged by the co-sponsors of these initiatives (WB, IMF, EU, ADB) should no longer be made
conditional upon the signature of structural adjustment programmes (SAP).
(u) Are there any problems in utilizing the exis ting market access preferences, such as GSP,
GSTP?  Please state the nature of problems relating to each of these.
No.  They relate particularly to manufactured products, which make up only an insignificant
proportion of exports.WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 9
(v) What are your technical assistance needs with respect to market access?
Lack of legal support.  Need for assistance in this area as a commercial court is in process of
being set up.  Technical assistance in connection with the European Union's new environmental
standards.
C. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Technical assistance is normally provided to developing and least-developed countries to
build or enhance their human resources and institutional capacities, provide trade information and
trade-related legal support, as well as improve their supply capabilities in order to make them more
active players in the field of multilateral trade.
(a) To the extent this kind of information is easily available, could you please briefly
describe what trade-related assistance you have received over the past five years from bilateral
and multilateral sources and what projects/programmes are presently under consideration in
this area?
- Master plan for tourism financed by the World Bank and European Union;
- cash crop (vanilla) promotion, awareness and renewal financed by the
European Union;
- improvement in the standard of secondary airport services.
(b) Please summarize your technical assistance needs as well as other needs as reflected in
this check-list.  Please rank them in terms of priority.
1. Technical assistance with the establishment of a Trade Information Centre.
2. Technical assistance with the training of the staff of both public and private institutions in the
field of international trade (training of national trainers in WTO procedures, etc.).
3. Technical assistance to improve the export and import credit system, including the
establishment of an export credit guarantee system.
4. Technical assistance to create awareness of product standards and quality.
5. Technical assistance with the promotion of tourism, particularly with the integration of small-
and medium-sized independent hotels.
6. Technical assistance with the development of Comorian agricultural and seafood exports.
7. Technical assistance with the establishment of a department of the Ministry of Economy and
Trade responsible for coordination and relations with the international institutions.
8. Technical assistance with the organization of seminars on the WTO framework, the
agreements and accession procedures, familiarization of importers/exporters and the public sector
with the trade-related legislation and environmental and other standards in the various markets, etc.WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 10
(c) In light of the information you have been able to provide so far in response to the
questions in this check-list, what types of information are, in your view, still missing or could be
improved upon?  In order to assist you in providing this missing information, would you need
technical assistance?
Total technical assistance within the framework of the WTO Agreements in order to enable us
to comply.
(d) Does your country have the technological capacity and human resources to make use of
the new information/communication technology to ols such as CD-Rom, the Internet etc.?  What
assistance would you need to enable your country to use these tools in the context of training
and, more generally, in the context of trade development?
No, Comoros does not have this capacity.WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 11
ANNEX
Exports in Value Terms
Comorian Francs
Year Total exports Vanilla Ylang-Ylang Cloves Other
1993 6,199,873,724 4,796,243,571 806,128,912 267,642,379 329,858,862
1994 4,688,449,308 2,767,403,997 929,627,550 522,285,156 469,132,605
1995 4,310,534,757 2,320,166,581 929,343,025 133,853,295 927,181,856
1996 2,436,113,135 1,035,107,877 644,664,250 210,053,487 546,287,521
Exports in Quantitative Terms
Year Total exports Vanilla Ylang-Ylang Cloves Other
1993 1,892,443 287,767 38,328 1,565,515 833
1994 3,493,360 130,757 44,997 2,754,515 563,091
1995 1,107,739 159,549 46,281 482,694 419,215
1996 1,714,907 91,454 36,455 822,296 764,702WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 12
INTEGRATED RESPONSES BY IMF, ITC, UNCTAD, UNDP,
WORLD BANK and WTO
COMOROS2
Technical assistance needs identified
in the questionnaireOrganization Response
In response to question A(k):
Technical assistance requirements as
regards compliance with WTO
Agreements
Total technical assistance within the
framework of the WTO Agreements in
order to enable us to comply.See C(b)UNCTAD Possibility of providing advice and
training on the implications of
belonging to the WTO.*
UNDP/
UNCTAD/
ITCUnder its regional programme for
the development of trade in Africa
(RAF/96/001) UNDP intends to
organize regional seminars on the
WTO Agreements in which
Comorian management couldparticipate.
                                                     
2It should be noted that the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) has decided, in
collaboration with UNDP, to call a meeting of representatives of Small Island Developing States (SIDSs) with
prospective donors.  "To improve the likelihood that such a meeting would result in tangible outcomes, the
SIDSs have been requested to prepare a portfolio of documents on priority projects … that cannot beimplemented without the support of external resources beyond those currently envisaged."  (UNGA DocumentA/52/319, paras i. to 10.).  The General Assembly welcomed "the need for further collaboration among SIDSsand agencies funds and programmes of the UN system to facilitate the preparation of project portfolios".(UNGA RES/52/202).
For SIDSs which are LDCs, it would be desirable to ensure consistency between the above process and
the Integrated Framework process.
*Financing to be requested.WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 13
Technical assistance needs identified
in the questionnaireOrganization Response
In response to question A(l):
Technical assistance needs as regards
specific WTO Agreements
WTO See C(b)2. See C(b)
ITC/
UNCTAD/
UNDPThe joint ITC/UNCTAD/UNDP
regional project "Capacity building
for trade and development in
Africa" provides for the
strengthening of international trade
training institutions.WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 14
Technical assistance needs identified
in the questionnaireOrganization Response
In response to question A(m):
Assessment of trade analysis and
negotiating capacities
WTO See C(b)2 Total absence of trade analysis and
negotiating capacity.  See C(b)
UNDP/
UNCTAD/
ITCIn 1998 and 1999, under its regional
programme for the development of
trade in Africa (RAF/96/001),
UNDP intends to organize regional
seminars on this subject in whichComorian management could
participate.WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 15
Technical assistance needs identified in the
questionnaireOrganization Response
In response to question B(g):
Technical assistance needs with respect to
supply constraints
IMF Advice on the reduction in
export taxation continues to be
an element of Fund policy
recommendations consistentwith the Comoros' policy
commitment under the Cross
Border Initiative (CBI).
UNCTAD Training activities could be
organized under the
TRAINMAR (maritime
transport) programme.*Need for technical assistance withstandards and quality, with the
establishment of professional training
centres, with port and airport logistics, andwith the installation of a single window to
facilitate export and import formalities.
World Bank Under the framework of the
preparation of a StructuralAdjustment Credit, the World
Bank is providing technical
support in the privatization of
the ports and air transport
(1997-1999).  This operation
should help improve the quality
of services and competitivenessof this sector.
*Financing to be requested.WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 16
Technical assistance needs identified in the
questionnaireOrganization Response
In response to question B(q):
Technical assistance needs in the area of
trade promotion and support services
ITC Agricultural product promotion
activities are planned within the
context of ITC's ongoing regional
projects to improve export quality.(See inventory:  WTO document
WT/LDC/HL/9).  The technical
conditions for establishing a
Comorian Foreign Trade Centre will
be examined within the context ofintra-African trade development
projects.*  (See inventory:  WTO
document WT/LDC/HL/9)Technical assistance needs in identifyingpotential in the areas of agriculture,
fisheries and tourism and the promotion of
these sectors.  In this connection, we wouldlike to establish a Comorian Foreign Trade
Centre for training, information and
promotion in the field of trade and a
Comorian Foreign Trade Bank for
financing imports and exports.
World Bank First, through a Pilot Agriculture
Services Project assistance would be
provided to improve extension
services to farmers and develop thecountry's capacity to collect and
relay market- and farm-related
information to increase crop
productivity and promote domestic
trade.
Second, the World Bank assisted the
Government in the preparation of a
tourism development strategy.
Implementation of the strategy
needs follow-up.
*Financing to be requested.WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 17
Technical assistance needs identified in the
questionnaireOrganization Response
In response to question B(v):
Techncial assistance needs as regards
market access
UNCTAD Advisory and training activities
concerning trade and environmental
problems could be organized.*Lack of legal support.  Need for assistance
in this area as a commercial court is in the
process of being set up.  Technical
assistance in connection with the EuropeanUnion's new environmental standards.
World Bank Under the legal reform component
of the Small Enterprise
Development Project, the Bank is
providing technical assistance in
setting up a commerce tribunal, in
training the magistrates andparalegal staff, and in implementing
legal and judiciary reforms.
*Financing to be requested.WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 18
Technical assistance needs identified in
the questionnaireOrganization Response
In response to question C(b):
Technical assistance needs according to
priority
1. Establishment of a Trade
Information Centre.ITC See B(q).
2. Training of the staff of both public
and private institutions in the field of
international trade (training of
national trainers in WTOprocedures).WTO A national seminar could be organized
in 1999.
Participation of Comorian
representatives in the specialized
seminars organized for French-
speaking LDCs in 1998 and 1999.
A three-week trade policy course will
be organized for French-speaking
LDCs in 1998 and 1999.  The course
will include a multilateral trade
negotiations simulation exercise.
ITC/
UNCTAD/
UNDPSee A(k) and A(m).
3. Improvement of the export and
import credit system, including the
establishment of an export guarantee
system.
4. Awareness of product standards and
qualityUNDP
(WIPO)Within the context of its African
region trade development programme
(RAF/96/001), UNDP intends to
organize regional seminars on thisquestion in which Comorian
management could participate.
World Bank The World Bank will follow up with
the Indian Ocean Commission on its
ongoing work on defining the norms
and standards of the key export
commodities of the region.
5. Promotion of tourism, particularly
for the integration of small- andmedium-sized independent hotels.World Bank See B(q)
6. Development of Comorian
agricultural and seafood exportsITC See B(q).WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 19
Technical assistance needs identified in
the questionnaireOrganization Response
Question C(b) (cont'd):
World Bank See B(q).
7. Establishment of a department of the
Ministry of Economy and Trade
responsible for coordination and
relations with international
institutions.
8. Organization of seminars on the
WTO framework, the Agreements
and accession procedures,familiarization of
importers/exporters and the public
sector with the trade-related
legislation and environmental and
other standards in the variousmarkets.World Bank See B(v).  (Legal reform)
WTO See C(b)2.
ITC/
UNCTAD/
UNDPSee A(k) and A(m).WT/COMTD/IF/26
Page 20
Technical assistance needs identified in
the questionnaireOrganization Response
In response to question C(d):
Technological capacity and human
resources to make use of the new
information/communication technology
tools
Comoros does not have this technological
capacity.
__________