 
 RESTRICTED  WORLD TRADE  
ORGANIZATION  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
18 April 2002 
 (02-2144) 
Working Party on the Accession of the 
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Original: English 
 
 
   
ACCESSION OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA  
 
Initial Offer in Services
 
 
Revision  
 
 
 For the purposes of the accession of the Gove rnment of the Former Yugoslav Republic of 
Macedonia to the WTO, the Government has pr esented the following revised offer of initial 
commitments on trade in services, with the request that it be circulated to members of the Working 
Party.   
_______________ 
 
   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
I. HORIZONTAL COMMITMENTS 
All sectors 
CPC codes inscribed in this schedule are those 
contained in document: 
Statistical Papers Series M No. 77,  Provisional Central Product Classification, 
Department of International Economic and Social 
Affairs, Statistical Office of the United Nations, New York, 1991.    
 Commercial Presence  
In order to supply services, foreign service 
provider is required to be registered in the Republic of Macedonia as a sole proprietor, 
a trading company
1, or as a branch. A 
representative office registered in the Republic of Macedonia cannot conduct 
business operations.    
                                                      
1  Pursuant to Article 16 from the Law on Trading Companies: 
− A trading company is an association of two or more natural or legal persons that make monetary  or non-monetary contributions or  contribute rights in property which are used for 
joint operations and who share the profit or losses from such operations.     
− A trading company shall be an independent and permanent legal person which undertakes activities for the purpose of realizing p rofit.    
− A trading company may be incorporated by one person (company in corporated by a single person) as provided by this Law.   
 The Law on Trading Companies, Article 18, offers the following fo rms of trading companies: 1) Ge neral Partnership; 2) Limited Partnership; 3) Limited Liabili ty Company; 4) Joint-Stock 
Company; or 5) Limited Stock Partnership.    
  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 Temporary Entry and Stay of Natural 
Persons  
 
Unbound, except:   For the entry and temporary stay of natural 
persons who  fall into one of the following 
categories:   
 
 
Unbound except for th e categories in the 
Market Access column.  
 (i) Intracorporate transferees  
 
 Natural persons being temporarily transferred to supply services through 
commercial presence in the territory of the 
Republic of Macedonia.  Intracorporate transferees are persons occupying senior 
managerial or executive positions.  This 
category also includes specialists - natural persons possessing high or uncommon 
qualifications or knowledge essential for the 
functioning of the  company, which are important to the services that the company 
supplies, and who posses knowledge of the 
organization's services, research equipment, techniques or management. 
 
 For temporary stay of intracorporate transferees a temporary residence clearance 
is valid up to three years and is renewable 
upon request up to two years.    
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 (ii) Business visitors  
 
 Natural persons who stay temporarily 
in Macedonia in order to conclude the contract for the sale of a service on behalf of the 
enterprise they are employed or mandated for 
or participate in business meetings, fairs and other similar activities. Persons not based in 
Macedonia and receiving no remuneration 
from a source located in Macedonia, who are engaged in activities related to representing a 
services supplier for the purpose of 
negotiating for the sale of the services of that supplier. Those repres entatives cannot be 
engaged in making direct sales to the general 
public or in supplying services themselves.  
 The duration of temporary stay for 
business visitors is limited to 90 days.   
  Real Estate and Land Rights  
(1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  
  Subsidies  
(1) (2) (3) (4) Elig ibility for subsidies 
reserved for national services and service 
suppliers.    
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
II. COMMITMENTS IN SPECIFIC SECTORS 
1. BUSINESS SERVICES  
A. Professional Services  
(a)  Legal services 
 - Consultancy on home country, foreign and 
international law  
 (part of CPC 861) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Accounting and bookkeeping services   
 (CPC 86212, 86213, 86219 and 8622)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Auditing services 
 (CPC 86211)   
 (1) (2) Concluding a contract with a 
domestic audit company is required. 
Foreign company must be registered in 
its own country for providing auditing services.   
 
  
 
(3) A foreign auditing company can 
establish only one auditing company in 
the Republic of Macedonia.     
 If the foreign company is not registered 
in its own country for providing 
auditing services, its participation in 
the total capital of the new established 
auditing company in the Republic of 
Macedonia cannot exceed 25%.   
 Auditing report must be officially 
produced by an auditing company, not 
by an employee or a contracted auditor as a natural person.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  (1) (2) A foreign audit company not 
registered in the Republic of 
Macedonia, but registered to 
conduct audit in the country where 
its main office is located, may 
perform audit in the Republic of 
Macedonia only on a contract basis in cooperation with a domestic audit 
company. 
(3) An auditing company must employ 
at least two auditors licensed in the 
Republic of Macedonia.  Ministry of 
Finance issues licenses to foreign auditors after a verification 
procedure.  
 
 
  
 
  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(c) Taxation services 
 (CPC 863) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Architectural services  
 (CPC 8671) 
(e) Engineering services  
 (CPC 8672) 
(f) Integrated engineering services 
 (CPC 8673) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Urban planning and landscape 
 architectural services   (CPC 8674) (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) Unbound   
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(h) Medical and dental services  
 (CPC 9312)  (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  The reform process is 
ongoing. Macedonia will 
consider taking 
commitments after  1 January 2004. 
(i) Veterinary services  
 (CPC 932) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4)  Unbound (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound  
(j) Services provided by midwives, nurses, 
 physiotherapists and para-medical 
 personnel  
 (CPC 93191)        (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  The reform process is 
ongoing. Macedonia will 
consider taking 
commitments after  
1 January 2004.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
B. Computer and Related Services   
(a) Consultancy services related to the 
 installation of computer hardware  
 (CPC 841)   
(b) Software implementation services   (CPC 842)          
(c) Data processing services  
 (CPC 843)          
(d) Data base services  
 (CPC 844) (e) Other 
- Maintenance and repair services of office machinery and equipment including computers (CPC 845) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3)  None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3)  None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section 
  
C. Research and Development Services  
 (except research in the field of historical and cultural id entity of Macedonian peoples and  nationalities who live in the Rep ublic of Macedonia) 
(b) R&D services on social sciences and 
 humanities  
 (CPC 852)   
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal section.   (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Real estate and land Services  
(b) On a fee or contract basis 
 (CPC 822) 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
E. Rental/Leasing Services Without  Operators and With Operators  
(a) Relating to ships  
 (CPC 83103)           (1) None 
(2) None (3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Relating to aircraft 
 (CPC 83104)    
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(c) Relating to other transport equipment 
 (CPC 83101+ 83102+ 83105)   
 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Relating to other machinery and 
 equipment 
 (CPC 83106-83109)   
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e)  Rental services relating to pre-recorded 
 video cassettes and optical discs for use  
 in home entertainment equipment    (CPC 83202) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
F. Other Business Services  
(a) Advertising services  
 (CPC 871) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Market research and public opinion polling 
services 
 (CPC 864)   
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Management consulting services  
 (CPC 865) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) Services related to management consulting; 
 (CPC 866)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(e) Technical testing and analysis  services  
 (CPC 8676) (1) Institutions should be registered in the 
international accreditation system. 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Advisory and Consulting Services Relating to 
Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry  
 (part of CPC 881) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Services incidental to fishing  
 (CPC 882)  (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound  
(h) Advisory and consulting services relating to 
mining  
 (part of CPC 883) 
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Placement and supply services of Personnel 
 (CPC 872) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Investigation and security 
 (CPC 873) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound  (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound  
(m) Scientific and technical consulting services  
 (CPC 8675)  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(n) Maintenance and repair of equipment (not 
including maritime vessels, aircraft or other 
transport equipment) 
 (CPC 633, 8861-8866) 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(o) Building-cleaning services 
 (CPC 874)          
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(p) Photographic services 
 (CPC 875)          
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(q) Packaging services 
 (CPC 876) 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(r) Printing, publishing  
 (CPC 88442)  (1) None 
(2) None (3) None. For publishing: None, except for 
access to subsidies: Unbound   
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
2. COMMUNICATION SERVICES 
A. Postal Services  
 (CPC 7511) 
 (1) Universal postal se rvices are provided 
exclusively by the public enterprise 
Macedonian Post Office. 
(2) None 
(3) Universal postal se rvices are provided 
exclusively by the public enterprise 
Macedonian Post Office. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
 (2) None 
(3) None 
 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
B. Courier Services   
 (CPC 7512) 
 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None  
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
C. Telecommunication Services:  
 
The commitments in this sector has been scheduled 
in accordance with the "Notes for Scheduling Basic Telecom Services Commitments 
(S/GBT/W/2/Rev.1)" and "Market Access 
Limitations on Spectrum Availability (S/GBT/W/3)"   See the Reference Paper 
attached 
 (1) (3) (4) Macedonian Telecommunications 
has an exclusive right until 31 December 
2004  to build, posses and work with fixed 
public telecommunication networks.     
Basic TelecommunicationsServices     
(a) Voice telephone services  
 (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 31 December  2004. None, as of 
1 January 2005  
(2) None (3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2004. None, as of 1 January 2005 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
  
 
(2) None (3) None 
 
  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Packet-switched data transmission services 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Circuit-switched data transmission services 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(d) Telex services  
 (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2004. None, as of 
1 January 2005 
(2) None 
(3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 31 December  2004. None, as of 
1 January 2005 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
 
 (2) None 
(3) None 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Telegraph services  (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2004.  None, as of 1 January 2005 
(2) None 
(3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December  2004.  None, as of 
1 January  2005 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
  
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Facsimile services (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Private leased circuit services: 
  (1) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 
31 December 2004.  None, as of 
1 January 2005 
(2) None 
(3) Macedonian Telecommunications is an 
exclusive provider of services until 31 December 2004.  None, as of 
1 January  2005 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
 
 (2) None 
(3) None 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
Value-added Telecommunications Services     
(h) Electronic mail  
   (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(i) Voice mail  
  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(j) On-line information and data base retrieval  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Electronic data interchange (EDI)  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Enhanced/value-added facsimile services, 
incl. store and forward, store and retrieve  
 (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(m) Code and protocol conversion 
  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(n) On-line information and/or data processing 
(incl. transaction processing)  
   (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
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 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(o) Other services: 
 -  Mobile telecommunications (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound until 31  December  2004. 
Beginning 1 January 2005, None. 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
3. CONSTRUCTION AND RELATED ENGINEERING SERVICES  
A. General construction work for buildings 
 (CPC 512)   
B. General construction 
work for civil engineering 
 (CPC 513) 
C. Installation and assembly work  (CPC 514+516)  
D. Building completion and finishing work. 
 (CPC 517) E. Other 
 (CPC 511+515+518) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None (4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound  
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
4. DISTRIBUTION SERVICES 
 Subsectors below exclude trade in arms, chemi cal products, explosives and precious metals 
A. Commission Agents’ Services  
 (CPC 6111, 6113, 6121, 621) B. Wholesale Trade 
 (CPC 61111, 6113, 6121, 622)  
C. Retailing Services   (CPC 6111, 6113, 6121, 631, 632,  
 including audio and video records, tapes and 
optical discs (CPC 63234)) 
D. Franchising  
 (CPC 8929) (1) None  
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
5. EDUCATION SERVICES 
All education services included in this section:  
Subsectors listed below only cover privately funded education services. 
Educational services in investigation, security and 
defense areas and in history and culture of Macedonian people and nationalities are excluded.  (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound for grants and 
scholarships   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
 Page 15
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
B. Secondary Education Services   
 (CPC 922)  (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
C. Higher Education Services  
 (CPC 923)  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D. Adult Education  
 (CPC 924)  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
6. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
A. Sewage Services  
 (CPC 9401) 
B. Refuse Disposal Services  
 (CPC 9402) C. Sanitation and Similar Services  
 (CPC 9403) 
D. Other  - Cleaning services of exhaust gases (CPC 
94040) 
 - Noise abatement services    (CPC 94050) 
 - Nature and landscape protection services 
 (CPC 94060) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
Page 16 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
7. FINANCIAL SERVICES    
All sectors:  A single legal person (insurance company or a bank) cannot provide both insurance and banking services.  Domestic  and foreign bank or insurance company 
operating in Macedonia may set up or acquire another legal pers on providing the other line of business subject to the following  commitments. 
A. Insurance and Insurance Related Services as 
defined in the "Annex on Financial services" 
  (1) Unbound. None for reinsurance and 
retrocession. 
(2) Unbound. None for reinsurance and 
retrocession. 
(3) Establishment of an insurance joint-
stock company in the Republic of Macedonia is required. No other forms 
of establishment allowed. Branching 
will be allowed from the commencement of   Phase II of the 
implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of Macedonia with the EU. 
 A foreign or domestic legal or natural 
person, other than an insurance 
company or bank, may not hold more 
than 25% of stocks management rights in an insurance company.  This 
requirement is valid until the 
commencement of  Phase II of the implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of 
Macedonia with the EU. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
 
(2) None  
(3) None 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
 Page 17
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
B. Banking and Other Financial Services  
 (excluding insurance) (Definitions  based 
 on the Annex on Financial services) (3) Only a legal person established in the 
Republic of Macedonia may provide 
banking and other financial services. A 
foreign bank can provide banking services by establishing a bank or subsidiary in the 
Republic of Macedonia. 
 A bank must be established as joint-stock company.  
 An individual natural or legal person 
other than a bank may not hold more than one third of the stocks with management 
rights of the bank established in Macedonia. 
This requirement is in force until 1 January 2003. 
 Brokerage houses, closed investment 
funds, fund management companies and the Central Depository of Securities are to be 
established as joint-stock companies. 
 Brokerage houses can be established 
by at least two domestic or foreign legal or 
natural persons.  This limitation does not apply if the brokerage houses are established 
by a bank, saving house or an insurance 
company.  Only brokerage houses, banks, 
insurance companies and fund management 
companies can be found ers of the Central 
Depository of Securities. A single founder 
cannot hold more than 15% of shares. 
 Only brokerage houses, banks, insurance companies and fund management 
companies can be found ers of the Central 
Depository of Securities. A single founder cannot hold more than 15% of shares. 
 Foreign legal and natural persons are 
not allowed to establish saving houses and exchange offices.    
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
Page 18 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(a) Acceptance of deposits and other 
 repayable funds from the public  (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present.   None after Phase 
II of the implementation of the 
Agreement on Stabilization and Association of Macedonia with the EU. 
(3) May be provided by banks and saving 
houses only. Saving houses are authorized to provide deposit services 
for natural persons only.   
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 
  
(3) None 
  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(b) Lending of all types, consumer credit, 
mortgage credit, factoring and financing of 
commercial transaction  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) For banks: None  For saving houses: Granting credits to 
legal persons exceed ing 150% of the 
guaranteed capital of the saving houses must be provided only through a bank.   
 For other legal entities:  They can grant 
loans to other legal persons only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
  
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(c) Financial leasing  (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(d) All payment and money transmission 
services  
  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None for current transactions and direct 
investments2. 
(3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
                                                      
2  Direct investments shall deno te investments by an investor intending to establish lasting econo mic relations and/or to exerc ise right to run the trading company or any other legal 
person in which he had invested. The following shall be deemed as di rect investments:  
(i) incorporating a trading company or extending the basic capital of  a trading company in full ownership of the investor, establis hing subsidiary, or acquiring full ownership of the 
existing company;    
(ii) participation in a new or already existing trading company if the investor holds or acquires more than 10% share in the basic c apital of the trading company, exceeding 10% of the 
voting rights;     
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
 Page 19
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(e) Guarantees and commitments  
  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(f) Trading for own account or for account of 
customers, whether on an exchange, in an 
over-the-counter market or otherwise, the 
following:    
- money market instruments (cheques, 
bills, certificate of  deposits, etc.)  
  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present. Banks will be 
allowed to purchase and consume such 
services after 1 August 2002. None after Phase I of the implementation of 
the Agreement on Stabilization and 
Association of Macedonia with the EU. None for trading with cheques and bills 
of exchange. 
(3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks and saving houses only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 
  
 
  
 
(3) None 
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
- foreign exchange3  
  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound. None up to the level 
determined by the Government   
(3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks and exchange offices only. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 
(3) None  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
(iii) long-term loan with five or more years of maturity, when it is a matter of a loan from the investor intended for the trading co mpany which is in his full ownership; and 
(iv) long-term loan with five or more years of maturity, when it is  a matter of a loan intended fo r establishing lasting economic re lations if granted among entities associated in mutual 
economic venture. 
3 Covers foreign exchange se rvices supplied by exchange offices to natural persons.    
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
Page 20 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
- derivative products (including 
futures and options)  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present. Banks will be 
allowed to purchase and consume such 
services after 1 August 2002. None after Phase I of the implementation of 
the Agreement on Stabilization and 
Association of Macedonia with the EU. 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 
  
 
 (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
- exchange rate and interest rate 
instruments, such as swaps and 
forward rate agreements  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present. None for banks. 
None after Phase II of the 
implementation of the Agreement on Stabilization and Association of 
Macedonia with the EU. 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 
  
 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
- transferable securities  
  (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at presen t. None for direct 
investments. None for banks after 
1 August 2002 for securities issued by 
OECD member countries and international institutions, and for 
securities with investment rating. None 
after Phase I of the implementation of the Agreement on Stabilization and 
Association of Macedonia with the EU. 
(3) Only brokerage houses and banks are 
permitted to offer these types of 
services.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None  
 
  
 
  
 
(3) None  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
 Page 21
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
- other negotiable instruments and 
financial assets, such as bullion  
 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present. None for banks 
after 1 August 2002. None after Phase I 
of the implementation of the Agreement on Stabilization and 
Association of Macedonia with the EU. 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 
  
 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(g) Participation in issues of all kinds of 
securities, under-wr iting and placement as 
agent (whether publicly  or privately) and 
provision of service related to such issues  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None for persons that issues securities. 
Unbound for other persons. 
(3) This type of services may be provided 
by banks and brokerage houses only.   
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None  
(3) None 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(h) Money broking4  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound. None for banks. 
(3) None for banks. None for legal persons 
for payments in and from a foreign 
country. 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(i) Asset management, such as cash or portfolio 
management, all forms of collective 
investment management, custodial depositary and trust services  (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound. None for portfolio 
management after Phase I of the implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of 
Macedonia with the EU. 
(3) None for banks. None for brokerage 
houses for portfolio management  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
  
 
 
(3) None 
 (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
                                                      
4 Covers selling and buying of foreign currency betw een legal persons on the foreign exchange market.   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
Page 22 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
(j) Settlement and clearing services for 
financial assets: securities, derivative 
products, and other negotiable instruments  
 (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound at present. This type of 
services may be purchased and 
consumed by banks after 1 August 2002. None after Phase I of the 
implementation of the Agreement on 
Stabilization and Association of Macedonia with the EU. 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
 
  
 
  
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(k) Advisory, intermediation and other auxiliary 
financial services: credit reference and 
analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, advice on acquisitions and on 
corporate restructuring and strategy 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Only trading companies, banks, saving 
houses and brokerage houses may 
provide these types of services.  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(l) Provision and transfer of financial 
information, and financial data processing 
and related software  by providers of other financial services  
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
8. HEALTH RELATED AND SOCIAL SERVICES (other than those listed under 1.A.h-j.)     
A. Hospital services  
 (CPC 9311) 
B. Other Human Health Services  
 (CPC 9319 (other than 93191)) (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  (1) (2) (3) (4) Unbound  The reform process is 
ongoing. Macedonia will 
consider taking commitments after  
1 January 2004. 
9. TOURISM AND TRAV EL RELATED SERVICES 
A. Hotels and Restaurants  (incl. catering)  
 (CPC 641-643)  (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None (3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
 Page 23
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
B. Travel Agencies and Tour Operators' 
Services  
 (CPC 7471) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
C. Tourist Guides Services    
 (CPC 7472) 
 (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound  (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound  
10. RECREATIONAL, CULTURAL AND SPORTING SE RVICES (Other than a udiovisual services) 
A.    Other entertainment and cultural services  
 - Cinema Theatre Operation Services 
 (part of CPC 96199) (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None, except for access to subsidies: 
Unbound 
(4) Unbound except as indicated in the 
Horizontal section (1) Unbound 
(2) Unbound 
(3) None  
(4) None  
B. News agency services  
 (CPC 962) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound  
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
D.  Sporting and other recreational services  
  (CPC 964) (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
11. TRANSPORT SERVICES 
C. Air Transport Services   
(d) Aircraft repair and maintenance services 
 
  
(1) Unbound  
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(e) Supporting services for air transport 
 - Selling and marketing of air transport 
services only 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section   
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
Page 24 
 Modes of supply: (1)  Cross border supply (2)  Consumption ab road (3)  Commercial presence (4 )  Presence of natural persons 
Sector or Sub-Sector Limitations on Market Access Li mitations on National Treatment Additional Commitments 
 Computer Reservation System (CRS) 
services 
 
 (1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section (1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
E. Rail Transport Services   
(d) Maintenance and repair of rail transport 
 equipment  
 (CPC 8868)  
(1)  Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
F. Road Transport Services  
(a) Passenger transportation   (CPC 71213, 7122) 
(b)  Freight transportation 
 (CPC 7123) (d) Maintenance and repa ir of road transport 
 equipment 
 (CPC 6112)  
(1) Unbound  (2) None 
(3) None  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) Unbound (2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
H. Services Auxiliary to all Modes of Transport   
Air Transport   
(b) Storage and warehouse services   
 (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services  (CPC 748)  
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
Road Transport  
(b)  Storage and warehouse services   
 (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services 
 (CPC 748)  
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None  
(4)  Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) None 
(4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
Rail Transport Services 
(b)  Storage and warehouse services  
  (CPC 742) 
(c) Freight transport agency services  (CPC 748) 
  
(1)  Unbound 
(2) None 
(3) Unbound (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
(1) None 
(2) None 
(3) None (4) Unbound, except as indicated in the 
Horizontal Section  
 
   WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
 Page 25 
 
 
   
REFERENCE PAPER   
 Scope
 
 
The following are definitions an d principles on the regulatory framework for the basic 
telecommunications services.    Definitions
 
 
Users  mean service consumers and service suppliers.   
 Essential facilities
 mean facilities of a public telecommunica tions transport network or service that 
  (a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers;  
and 
  (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technica lly substituted in order to provide a service. 
 A major supplier
 is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation (having 
regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications services as a result of: 
 
 (a) control over essential facilities;  or   (b) use of its position in the market.  
1. Competitive safeguards
 
 1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications
 
  Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone or 
together, are a major supplier  from engaging in or continui ng anti-competitive practices. 
 
1.2 Safeguards
 
  The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular:  
 (a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization;   
  (b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results;  and   (c) not making available to ot her services suppliers on a timely basis technical information 
about essential facilities an d commercially relevant inform ation which are necessary for 
them to provide services.  
 2. Interconnection
 
 2.1 This section applies to linking with supplie rs providing public teleco mmunications transport 
networks or services in order to allow the user s of one supplier to co mmunicate with users of 
another supplier and  to access services pr ovided by another supplier, where specific 
commitments are undertaken. 
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
Page 26  
 
  2.2 Interconnection to be ensured
 
  Interconnection with a major suppl ier will be ensured at any tec hnically feasible point in the 
network.  Such interc onnection is provided. 
 
 (a) under non-discriminatory terms, cond itions (including tec hnical standards and 
specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its 
own like services or for like services of non-affiliated se rvice suppliers or for its 
subsidiaries or other affiliates; 
 
 (b) in a timely fashion, on terms, co nditions (including technical standards and 
specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to economic feasibility, and suffi ciently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for 
network components or facilities  that it does not require for the service to be provided;  
and 
 
 (c) upon request, at points in addition to th e network termination points offered to the 
majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary 
additional facilities. 
 2.3 Public availability of the procedures for interconnection negotiations
 
 
 The procedures applicable for interconnec tion to a major supplier will be made publicly 
available. 
 2.4 Transparency of interconnection arrangements
 
 
 It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly availa ble either its interconnection 
agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 
 2.5 Interconnection:  dispute settlement
 
 
 A service supplier requesting in terconnection with a major supplie r will have recourse, either: 
  (a) at any time or   (b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an 
independent domestic body, whic h may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 
5 below, to resolve disputes regarding a ppropriate terms, cond itions and rates for 
interconnection within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these have not 
been established previously. 
 3. Universal service
 
 
 Any Member has the right to define the kind  of universal service obligation it wishes to 
maintain.  Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se , provided they are 
administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and comp etitively neutral manner and are not more 
burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member.      
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
 Page 27 
 
 
  4. Public availability of licensing criteria  
  Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available:   (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally require d to reach a decision 
concerning an application for a licence  and 
  (b) the terms and conditions of  individual licences.   The reasons for the denial of a licence w ill be made known to the applicant upon request. 
 
5. Independent regulators
 
  The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic 
telecommunications services. The decisions of a nd the procedures used by regulators shall be 
impartial with respect to all market participants. 
  6. Allocation and use of scarce resources
 
  Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers 
and rights of way, will be carried out in an obj ective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory 
manner. The current stat e of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but 
detailed identification of freque ncies allocated for specific gov ernment uses is not required. 
  
  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
Page 28 
 LIST OF ARTICLE  II (MFN) EXEMPTIO NS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA  
Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which   
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
Real estate and Land   All Sectors  Foreign natural persons may by 
inheritance obtain a right to ownership of real 
estate and land on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, under co ndition of reciprocity. 
 Foreign natural persons may by 
inheritance obtain a right to ownership of real 
estate and land on the territory of the Republic 
of Macedonia, under co ndition of reciprocity. 
 Foreign legal persons may, under 
condition of reciprocity, obtain a right to 
ownership of real estate and land on the territory of the Republic  of Macedonia through 
inheritance, on the basis of a testament. 
  A foreign natural person may, under condition of reciprocity, obtain a right to 
ownership of a flat or a building in the 
Republic of Macedonia.  A foreign natural person may, under 
condition of reciprocity, obtain a right to 
ownership and right to a long-term lease of business premises on the territory of the 
Republic of Macedonia. 
 A foreign natural person or legal person may, under conditions of reciprocity, obtain a 
right to a long-term lease of building land for 
construction of business buildings and premises and apartment buildings and 
apartments on the territory of the Republic of 
Macedonia. 
 Building land can be owned by domestic 
natural and legal persons only. Foreign  natural and legal persons are only permitted to acquire 
long-term leases of no more than 99 years. 
A foreign natural or legal person may, under  conditions of reciprocity, obtain a right to long-
term lease of agricultural land on the territory 
of the Republic of Macedonia. All countries Indefinite Requirements of bilateral and 
regional commitments.  
  WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2
 Page 29
 Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which   
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
Legal Services  (excluding 
consultancy on home country, foreign and 
international law) Legal services of foreign suppliers may be 
provided on the basis of reciprocity. 
   All countries Indefinite Reciprocal coordination of the 
legal profession within the 
overall regional development of judicial and administrative 
institutions. 
Audiovisual Services 
-Production and distribution of 
cinematographic 
works and television programmes Measures based upon government-to-
government framework agreements, and plurilateral agreements, on co-production of 
audiovisual works, which confer national 
treatment to audiovisual works covered by these agreements, in particular in relation to 
distribution and access to funding. All countries with whom 
cultural co-operation may be desirable. Indefinite The aim of these agreements is 
to promote cultural links between the countries 
concerned. 
Audiovisual services  
- Production and distribution of 
audiovisual works 
through broadcasting or other forms of 
transmission to the 
public Measures which define works of European 
origin in such a way as to extend national treatment to audiovisual works which meet 
certain linguistic and origin criteria regarding 
access to broadcasting or similar forms of transmission. European countries Indefinite The measures aim, within the 
sector, to promote cultural values both within EC 
Member States, and with other 
countries in Europe, as well as achieving linguistic policy 
objectives. 
Audiovisual Services 
- Production and 
distribution of 
television programmes and 
cinematographic 
works Measures granting the benefit of any support 
programmes (such as Action Plan for 
Advanced Television Services, EURECA 
Audiovisuel, MEDIA or EURIMAGES) to audiovisual works, and suppliers of such 
works, meeting certain European origin 
criteria. European countries Indefinite. Exemption needed, 
for certain countries, only until 
an economic integration 
agreement is concluded or completed. These programmes aim at 
preserving and promoting the 
regional identity of countries 
within Europe which have long standing cultural links. 
Educational Services Preferences may be extended in 
implementation of student exchange programs, 
for visits by educators, and for educational 
institutions in order to promote cooperation in cultural exchange.  All countries Indefinite The requirement for particular 
international participation in the 
development of general and 
specialized educational programs, including special 
regional or international 
programs. 
CRS and sales and marketing of air transport services The obligations of CRS system vendors or of 
parent and participating air carriers shall not apply where equivalent treatment is not 
accorded in the country of origin of the parent 
carrier or of the system vendor. All countries where a CRS 
system vendor or a parent air carrier is located. Indefinite The need for the exemption 
results from the insufficient development of multilaterally 
agreed rules for the operation of 
CRS.  
 WT/ACC/SPEC/807/1/Rev.2 
Page 30 
 Sector or subsector Description of measure indicating its 
inconsistency with Article II Countries to which   
the measure applies Intended duration Conditions creating the need 
for the exemption 
Road Transport Services  Measures applied under existing or future 
agreements with the governments of other 
countries offer favourable treatment.  All countries with which 
the Republic of Macedonia 
has agreements on road transport in force.  Indefinite The need for exemption is 
linked to the region 
characteristics of the road transport services and to the 
necessity to regulate traffic 
rights in and across the territory of the Republic of 
Macedonia and between 
Macedonia and the countries 
concerned. 
 
 
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